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                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Supreme Court Rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (no oral argument)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Florence County School Dist. Four v. Carter, 510 U.S. 7 (1993)</title>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Private</topic>
              <topic>Free Appropriate Public Education</topic>
              <topic>Education</topic>
              <topic>Public Education</topic>
              <topic>Remedies</topic>
              <topic>Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (I.D.E.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Reimbursement</topic>
              <topic>Special Education</topic>
              <topic>Individualized Educational Program (I.E.P.)</topic>
              <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Private</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Free Appropriate Public Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Public Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Remedies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (I.D.E.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Reimbursement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Special Education</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Individualized Educational Program (I.E.P.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Handicapped, Rights Of: Under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and Related Statutes</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-003-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Carolina">Local school district or board of education</petitioner>
              <respondent>Handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>South Carolina U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Education of the Handicapped, Education for All Handicapped Children, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts, or related statutes, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc., 510 U.S. 17 (1993)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 17</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
        </titleInfo>
         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-17</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">510 U.S. 17 (1993)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6baa0</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Abusive Work Environment</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Sex</topic>
              <topic>Title VII</topic>
              <topic>Gender and Sex</topic>
              <topic>Harassment</topic>
              <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
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        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Abusive Work Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sex</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Title VII</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Gender and Sex</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Harassment</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Sex Discrimination in Employment (Cf. Sex Discrimination)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-004-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Female employee or job applicant</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-13</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Izumi Seimitsu Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha v. U.S. Philips Corp., 510 U.S. 27 (1993)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 27</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-27</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">510 U.S. 27 (1993)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6bab1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>East Asia</topic>
              <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
              <topic>Rule 14</topic>
              <topic>Japan</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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         <extension>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>East Asia</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Conflicts of Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Rule 14</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Japan</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-005-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity</petitioner>
              <respondent>Manufacturer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Florida Southern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Court Rules</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Supreme Court Rules</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Cavanaugh v. Roller, 510 U.S. 42 (1993)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 42</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-42</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">510 U.S. 42 (1993)</identifier>
         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">510 U.S. 42</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6baa1</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Writ of Certiorari</topic>
              <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <accessId>USREPORTS-510-42</accessId>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Writ of Certiorari</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-006-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="South Carolina">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</petitioner>
              <respondent>Prisoner, inmate of penal institution</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>South Carolina U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Case did not arise on cert or cert not granted</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
              <law></law>
              <decisionType>Per curiam (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Petition denied or appeal dismissed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>U.S. v. James Daniel Good Real Property, 510 U.S. 43 (1993)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 43</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-43</identifier>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">510 U.S. 43</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ba98</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Forfeiture</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
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              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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                   <topic>Forfeiture</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process: Hearing or Notice (Other than as Pertains to Government Employees or Prisoners&apos; Rights)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-007-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>United States</petitioner>
              <respondent>Owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Hawaii U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (national level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>Harry A. Blackmun</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Harris Trust and Sav. Bank, 510 U.S. 86 (1993)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 86</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ba9c</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
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              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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              <searchTitle>United States reports : cases adjudged in the Supreme Court at October term, 1993, October 4, 1993 through March 21, 1994;John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Harris Trust and Sav. Bank, 510 U.S. 86 (1993);510 U.S. 86</searchTitle>
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              <decisionDate>1993-12-13</decisionDate>
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              <subject authority="llc" uri="https://www.loc.gov/research-centers/law-library-of-congress/about-this-research-center">
                                        
                   <topic>Insurance Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Benefits</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Wills, Trusts, and Estates Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act of (E.R.I.S.A.)</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Employee Retirement Income Security Act (Cf. Union Trust Funds)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-008-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Insurance company, or surety</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multiemployer pension plan</respondent>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>6</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>3</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>No Merits: Writ Improvidently Granted</topic>
                                        
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                   <assigner>Harry A. Blackmun</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Oklahoma v. New Mexico, 510 U.S. 126 (1993)</title>
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              <topic>Dam</topic>
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                   <topic>Bodies of Water</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Environment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Water Resources</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Non-Real Property Dispute Between States</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-010-01</docketId>
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                   <type>Other</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Interstate Compact</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Burden v. Zant, 510 U.S. 132 (1994)</title>
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                   <topic>Habeas Relief</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Prisoners&apos; Rights</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Ineffective Assistance of Counsel</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Subconstitutional Fair Procedure: Miscellaneous</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
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              <docketId>1993-011-01</docketId>
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              <caseOrigin>Georgia Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Ratzlaf v. United States, 510 U.S. 135 (1994)</title>
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              <topic>Willfulness</topic>
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                   <topic>Willfulness</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Intent</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Statutory Construction of Criminal Laws: Internal Revenue (Cf. Federal Taxation)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>John Paul Stevens</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>5</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>4</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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                   <topic>Military Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fixed Term</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Military: Active Duty</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
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                   <type>Constitution</type>
                                        
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              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
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                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <title>Thunder Basin Coal Co. v. Reich, 510 U.S. 200 (1994)</title>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Harry A. Blackmun</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Schiro v. Farley, 510 U.S. 222 (1994)</title>
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              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Successive Prosecution</topic>
              <topic>Sentencing</topic>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-015-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Person convicted of crime</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Indiana">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Indiana Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>National Organization for Women, Inc. v. Scheidler, 510 U.S. 249 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 249</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Standing</topic>
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              <topic>Abortion</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
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                   <topic>Standing</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (R.I.C.O.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Abortion</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
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                   <topic>Abortion: Including Contraceptives</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-016-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Public interest organization</petitioner>
              <respondent>Protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or nonindigent loiterer</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-12-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 266</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
              <topic>Due Process</topic>
              <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
              <topic>Arrest</topic>
              <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
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                   <topic>Substantive Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Probable Cause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Due Process</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Human Rights and Civil Liberties</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Arrest</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourth Amendment</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fourteenth Amendment</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Liability, Civil Rights Acts (Cf. Liability, Governmental and Liability, Nongovernmental, Cruel and Unusual Punishment, Non-Death Penalty)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-017-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Illinois">Governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Illinois Central U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-12</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Judicial review (state level)</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Constitutional Amendment</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Fourteenth Amendment (due process)</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <decisionType>Judgment of the Court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>William H. Rehnquist</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>ABF Freight System, Inc. v. NLRB, 510 U.S. 317 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 317</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Discharge</topic>
              <topic>Administrative Agencies</topic>
              <topic>Capricious</topic>
              <topic>Arbitrary</topic>
              <topic>National Labor Relations Act (N.L.R.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <topic>Administrative Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Union</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Discharge</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Administrative Agencies</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Capricious</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Judicial Review of Administrative Agency&apos;s or Administrative Official&apos;s Actions and Procedures</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-018-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Employer. If employer&apos;s relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer&apos;s business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.</petitioner>
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              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer</adminAction>
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              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit</caseSource>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>John Paul Stevens</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Department of Revenue of Ore v. ACF Industries, Inc., 510 U.S. 332 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 332</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Railroads</topic>
              <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act</topic>
              <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
              <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
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                   <topic>Property Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroads</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Administration and Collection</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax-Exempt Organizations</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>State or Local Government Tax</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-019-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Oregon">State department or agency</petitioner>
              <respondent>Railroad</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Oregon U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1993-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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              <disposition>Reversed and remanded</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Anthony M. Kennedy</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Northwest Airlines, Inc. v. County of Kent, 510 U.S. 355 (1994)</title>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ba90</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Anti-Head Tax Act</topic>
              <topic>Taxation</topic>
              <topic>Tax Law</topic>
              <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
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                   <topic>Anti-Head Tax Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Taxation</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Tax Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sales and Excise Tax</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Legislation or Regulation. Cf. State Regulation of Business. Rarely Involves Union Activity. Does Not Involve Constitutional Interpretation Unless the Court Says It Does.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-020-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Airline</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Michigan">County government or county governmental unit, except school district</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Michigan Western U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-11-29</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Ruth Bader Ginsburg</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Caspari v. Bohlen, 510 U.S. 383 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 383</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-383</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
              <topic>Habeas</topic>
              <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
              <topic>Teague</topic>
              <topic>Retroactivity</topic>
              <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
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                   <topic>Double Jeopardy Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Crime and Law Enforcement</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Constitutional Law</topic>
                                        
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                   <topic>Habeas Corpus</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Criminal Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-021-01</docketId>
              <petitioner state="Missouri">State</petitioner>
              <respondent>Person convicted of crime</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
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              <dateArgument>1993-12-06</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Federal common law</authorityDecision>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>8</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>1</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Hagen v. Utah, 510 U.S. 399 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 399</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-399</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Non-Indian Settlement</topic>
              <topic>North America</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>American Indians</topic>
              <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
              <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Native Americans</topic>
              <topic>General Allotment Act</topic>
              <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
              <topic>Uintah Indian Reservation</topic>
              <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
              <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
        </subject>
         <extension>
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              <decisionDate>1994-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1993</courtTerm>
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                   <topic>Non-Indian Settlement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>North America</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>American Indians</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Indian and Tribal Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Indigenous Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Americans</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>General Allotment Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Native Peoples</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Uintah Indian Reservation</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Indians, State Jurisdiction Over</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Rights</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-022-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Indian, including Indian tribe or nation</petitioner>
              <respondent state="Utah">State</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Utah">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Utah">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>Conflict between federal court and state court</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-11-02</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Sandra Day O&apos;Connor</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>American Dredging Co. v. Miller, 510 U.S. 443 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 443</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="uri">https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USREPORTS-510/USREPORTS-510-443</identifier>
         <identifier type="preferred citation">510 U.S. 443 (1994)</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ba3a</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>In Rem Suit</topic>
              <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
              <topic>Jones Act</topic>
              <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
              <topic>Suitors Clause</topic>
              <topic>Forum Non Convenient</topic>
              <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1994-02-23</decisionDate>
              <courtTerm>1993</courtTerm>
              <usCitation>510 U.S. 443</usCitation>
              <fullCitation>510 U.S. 443 (1994)</fullCitation>
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                   <topic>In Rem Suit</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Maritime and Admiralty Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jones Act</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Jurisdiction and Venue</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Suitors Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Forum Non Convenient</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Civil Procedure</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Pre-Emption of State Court Jurisdiction</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federalism</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-023-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Water transportation, stevedore</petitioner>
              <respondent>Employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin state="Louisiana">State Trial Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource state="Louisiana">State Supreme Court</caseSource>
              <certReason>No reason given</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-11-09</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Jones, or Death on the High Seas</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Affirmed (includes modified)</disposition>
              <partyWinning>No favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>7</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>2</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>FDIC v. Meyer, 510 U.S. 471 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 471</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Bivens</topic>
              <topic>Federal Tort Claims Act (F.T.C.A.)</topic>
              <topic>Sue-and-Be-Sued Clause</topic>
              <topic>Torts</topic>
              <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
              <topic>Torts Law</topic>
              <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
              <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
        </subject>
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                   <topic>Bivens</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Tort Claims Act (F.T.C.A.)</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sue-and-Be-Sued Clause</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Sovereign Immunity</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Torts Law</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <subject authority="scdb" uri="http://scdb.wustl.edu/documentation.php?var=issue">
                                        
                   <topic>Liability, Governmental: Tort or Contract Actions by or Against Government or Governmental Officials Other than Defense of Criminal Actions Brought Under a Civil Rights Action.</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-024-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation</petitioner>
              <respondent state="United States">Governmental employee or job applicant</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>California Northern U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>To resolve question presented</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-10-04</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <authorityDecision>Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction</authorityDecision>
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                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
              <decisionType>Opinion of the court (orally argued)</decisionType>
              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Department of Defense v. FLRA, 510 U.S. 487 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 487</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6ba91</identifier>
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         <subject>
              <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Federal Service-Labor Management Relations</topic>
              <topic>Contracts</topic>
              <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
              <topic>Labor</topic>
              <topic>Deference</topic>
              <topic>Bargain</topic>
              <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
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              <decisionDate>1994-02-23</decisionDate>
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                   <topic>Labor-Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Federal Service-Labor Management Relations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Contracts</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor and Employment Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Labor</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Deference</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Bargain</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Freedom of Information Act and Related Federal or State Statutes or Regulations</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Privacy</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-025-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Department or Secretary of Defense (and Department or Secretary of War)</petitioner>
              <respondent>Federal Labor Relations Authority</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <adminAction>Federal Labor Relations Authority</adminAction>
              <caseOrigin>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit</caseSource>
              <certReason>Federal court conflict</certReason>
              <chiefJustice>William H. Rehnquist</chiefJustice>
              <dateArgument>1993-11-08</dateArgument>
              <authorityDecision>Statutory construction</authorityDecision>
              <law>
                                        
                   <type>Federal Statute</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act</legalProvisions>
                                    
            </law>
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              <unconstitutionality>No declaration of unconstitutionality</unconstitutionality>
              <disposition>Reversed</disposition>
              <partyWinning>Petitioning party received a favorable disposition</partyWinning>
              <majorityOpinion>
                                        
                   <writer>Clarence Thomas</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
              <votes>
                                        
                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
            </votes>
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         <titleInfo>
              <title>Elder v. Holloway, 510 U.S. 510 (1994)</title>
              <partNumber>510 U.S. 510</partNumber>
              <partName>Case</partName>
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         <identifier type="United States Reports citation">510 U.S. 510</identifier>
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              <identifier type="FDsys Unique ID">D09002ee1dec6bab8</identifier>
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              <topic>Amicus Curiae</topic>
              <topic>Criminal Law and Procedure</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Administration: Jurisdiction or Authority of Federal Courts of Appeals</topic>
              <topic>Judicial Power</topic>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
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                   <topic>Due Process: Impartial Decision Maker</topic>
                                        
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              <petitioner>Defendant</petitioner>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
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                   <writer>Antonin Scalia</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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              <topic>Transformative</topic>
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                   <topic>Intellectual Property Law</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright Infringement</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Intellectual Policy</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Copyright</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Parody</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Transformative</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Fair Use</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
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                   <topic>Patents and Copyrights: Copyright</topic>
                                        
                   <topic>Economic Activity</topic>
                                    
            </subject>
              <docketId>1993-029-01</docketId>
              <petitioner>Author, copyright holder</petitioner>
              <respondent>Publisher, publishing company</respondent>
              <jurisdiction>Cert</jurisdiction>
              <caseOrigin>Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court</caseOrigin>
              <caseSource>U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit</caseSource>
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                   <type>Infrequently litigated statutes</type>
                                        
                   <legalProvisions>Infrequently litigated statutes</legalProvisions>
                                    
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                   <writer>David H. Souter</writer>
                                        
                   <assigner>William H. Rehnquist</assigner>
                                    
            </majorityOpinion>
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                   <majority>9</majority>
                                        
                   <minority>0</minority>
                                    
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