9 U.S.C.
United States Code, 2023 Edition
Title 9 - ARBITRATION
CHAPTER 2 - CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS
From the U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov

### CHAPTER 2—CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS

Sec.
201.
Enforcement of Convention.
202.
Agreement or award falling under the Convention.
203.
Jurisdiction; amount in controversy.
204.
Venue.
205.
Removal of cases from State courts.
206.
Order to compel arbitration; appointment of arbitrators.
207.
Award of arbitrators; confirmation; jurisdiction; proceeding.
208.
Application.

#### Editorial Notes

#### Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–90, §2(b)(2)(A), Mar. 3, 2022, 136 Stat. 27, substituted "Application" for "Chapter 1; residual application" in item 208.

1970—Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692, added heading for chapter 2 and analysis of sections for such chapter.

### §201. Enforcement of Convention

The Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958, shall be enforced in United States courts in accordance with this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Pub. L. 91–368, §4, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter] shall be effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States." The Convention entered into force for the United States on Dec. 29, 1970.

### §202. Agreement or award falling under the Convention

An arbitration agreement or arbitral award arising out of a legal relationship, whether contractual or not, which is considered as commercial, including a transaction, contract, or agreement described in section 2 of this title, falls under the Convention. An agreement or award arising out of such a relationship which is entirely between citizens of the United States shall be deemed not to fall under the Convention unless that relationship involves property located abroad, envisages performance or enforcement abroad, or has some other reasonable relation with one or more foreign states. For the purpose of this section a corporation is a citizen of the United States if it is incorporated or has its principal place of business in the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §203. Jurisdiction; amount in controversy

An action or proceeding falling under the Convention shall be deemed to arise under the laws and treaties of the United States. The district courts of the United States (including the courts enumerated in section 460 of title 28) shall have original jurisdiction over such an action or proceeding, regardless of the amount in controversy.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §204. Venue

An action or proceeding over which the district courts have jurisdiction pursuant to section 203 of this title may be brought in any such court in which save for the arbitration agreement an action or proceeding with respect to the controversy between the parties could be brought, or in such court for the district and division which embraces the place designated in the agreement as the place of arbitration if such place is within the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §205. Removal of cases from State courts

Where the subject matter of an action or proceeding pending in a State court relates to an arbitration agreement or award falling under the Convention, the defendant or the defendants may, at any time before the trial thereof, remove such action or proceeding to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where the action or proceeding is pending. The procedure for removal of causes otherwise provided by law shall apply, except that the ground for removal provided in this section need not appear on the face of the complaint but may be shown in the petition for removal. For the purposes of Chapter 1 of this title any action or proceeding removed under this section shall be deemed to have been brought in the district court to which it is removed.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 692.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §206. Order to compel arbitration; appointment of arbitrators

A court having jurisdiction under this chapter may direct that arbitration be held in accordance with the agreement at any place therein provided for, whether that place is within or without the United States. Such court may also appoint arbitrators in accordance with the provisions of the agreement.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §207. Award of arbitrators; confirmation; jurisdiction; proceeding

Within three years after an arbitral award falling under the Convention is made, any party to the arbitration may apply to any court having jurisdiction under this chapter for an order confirming the award as against any other party to the arbitration. The court shall confirm the award unless it finds one of the grounds for refusal or deferral of recognition or enforcement of the award specified in the said Convention.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693.)

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.

### §208. Application

Chapter 1 applies to actions and proceedings brought under this chapter to the extent that chapter is not in conflict with this chapter or the Convention as ratified by the United States. This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4.

(Added Pub. L. 91–368, §1, July 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 693; amended Pub. L. 117–90, §2(b)(1)(B), Mar. 3, 2022, 136 Stat. 27.)

#### Editorial Notes

#### Amendments

2022—Pub. L. 117–90 substituted "Application" for "Chapter 1; residual application" in section catchline and inserted at end "This chapter applies to the extent that this chapter is not in conflict with chapter 4."

#### Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

#### Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–90 applicable with respect to any dispute or claim that arises or accrues on or after Mar. 3, 2022, see section 3 of Pub. L. 117–90, set out as an Effective Date note under section 401 of this title.

#### Effective Date

Section effective upon the entry into force of the Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards with respect to the United States (Dec. 29, 1970), see section 4 of Pub. L. 91–368, set out as a note under section 201 of this title.