This title was enacted by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378; Pub. L. 117–286, §3, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4197


**2022**—Pub. L. 117–286, §4(d)(1), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4359, added item for part IV.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(1), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381, substituted "Civil Service Functions and Responsibilities" for "The United States Civil Service Commission" in item for part II.

Title 5 Former Sections | Title 5 New Sections |
---|---|

1, 2 | 101 |

3 | Rep. |

4 | 3345 |

5 | 3346 |

6 | 3347 |

7 | 3348 |

8 | 3349 |

9 | 5535 |

10 | 2901 |

11, 12 | 2902 |

13–14a, 15 | Rep. |

16 | 3331 |

16a | 2903, 2904 |

17, 17a | Rep. |

17b, 17c | 2905 |

18 | 2903 |

19 | Rep. |

20 | 2904 |

21 | 2906 |

21a | 3332 |

21b | 5507 |

22 | 301 |

22–1 (less 3d–5th provisos) | 7532 |

22–1 (3d proviso) | 3571, 5594 |

22–1 (4th and 5th provisos) | 7312 |

22–2 | 7533 |

22–3 | 7531 |

22a | 302 |

23–26c | Rep. |

27 | 6106 |

28 | 6105 |

29, 29a, 30 to 30b–1, 30c to 30e–1, 30f–30m | Rep. |

30n | 6322 |

30n–1 | T. 28 §1823 |

30o |
5537 |

30p | 5515 |

30q | 6321 |

30r(a) | 6323 |

30r(b) | 3551 |

30r(c) | 502, 5534 |

30r(d) | 2105 |

31–31b, 32 | Rep. |

33 | 7154 |

34–35a, 36–37a | Rep. |

38 | 3341 |

39, 40 | 3342 |

41 | T. 14 §632 |

42, 42a | Rep. |

43 | 3101 |

43a | 3102 |

44 | T. 31 §492–1 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

45 | Rep. |

46 | 3103 |

46a | 5511 |

46b | 5513 |

46c | T. 31 §699a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

46d, 46e | 5514 |

47 | 3103; T. 18 §1916 |

47a | 8301; T. 10 §1221 |

48 | T. 28 §514 |

49 | 3106 |

50 | 5501; T. 18 §1916 |

51 | 5536 |

52 | 5502 |

53 | 3108 |

54 | 3107 |

55 | Rep. |

55a | 3109 |

56 | 5503 |

57–59c | Rep. |

60 | T. 2 §162 |

61 | D.C. Code, §31–1009 |

61a | 5552 |

61a–1(a), (f) | 5534a |

61a–1(b)–(e) | Rep. |

61b (1st, 2d sentences) | 5551 |

61b (3d–5th sentences) | 6306 |

61b (6th sentence) | 5551 |

61c–61e | Rep. |

61f | 5582 |

61g | 5581 |

61h | 5583 |

61i | 5581 |

61j | 5582 |

61k | 5581 |

62–64a | Rep. |

65 | T. 2 §162 |

66 | T. 18 §1914 |

67 | T. 7 §2220 |

68 | T. 8 §1353c |

69 | 5535, 5536 |

70 | 5536 |

70a, 70b | 5945 |

70c | 5942 |

71 | 5536 |

72 | 5535 |

73, 73a | Rep. |

73b | 5731 |

73b–1(a), (b) | 5724 |

73b–1(c) | 5730 |

73b–1(d) | 5725 |

73b–1(e) | 5726 |

73b–1(f) | 5727 |

73b–2 | 5703 |

73b–3(a) (less 3d–6th provisos) | 5722 |

73b–3(a) (3d, 4th provisos) | 5728 |

73b–3(a) (5th, 6th provisos) | 5729 |

73b–3 (less (a)) | 5723 |

73b–4 | T. 41 §5a |

73b–4a, 73b–4b | 5724a |

73b–4c | 5726 |

73b–4d | 5724 |

73b–4e | 5724a |

73b–4f | 5724 |

73b–5 | 5732 |

73c | 5727 |

73c–1, 73c–2, 73d | Rep. |

73e | 5731 |

73f, 74–75a | Rep. |

75a–1 | Elim. |

75b–75d, 76 | Rep. |

76a | T. 20 §244a |

77, 77a | Rep. |

78, 78a, 78a–1, 79, 80 | T. 31 §§638a–638e (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

81, 81a | Rep. |

82 | 5512 |

83 | 5946 |

84 | 5505 |

84a | T. 4 §111 |

84b, 84c | 5517 |

84d | 5518 |

85 | 5502 |

86 | Rep. |

86a | 6104 |

87–87c | 6103 |

88 | T. 31 §554 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

89 | Rep. |

90 | T. 28 §414 |

91 | T. 28 §520 |

92 | Rep. |

92a | 2903 |

93 | 303 |

93a | Rep. |

94 | 304 |

95, 95a | 503 |

96 | 304 |

97, 98 | Rep. |

99, 100 | Rep. See T. 18 §207. |

101 | 501 |

102 | Rep. |

103 | 5741 |

103a, 103b | 5742 |

104 | T. 31 §492–2 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

104a, 105 | Rep. |

105a | 2954 |

106 | 2952 |

107 | Rep. |

108 | T. 44 §121 (See Rev. T. 44 Table) |

109 | Rep. |

110 | T. 40 §484–1 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

111, 112 | Rep. |

113 | 7351 |

114 | 7341 |

114a | 7342 note |

115, 115a | 7341 |

116 | Elim. |

116a, 117 | Rep. |

118 | T. 31 §686–2 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

118a | 5912 |

118b | T. 31 §530a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

118c | 5943 |

118c–1 to 118e | Rep. |

118f | 5944 |

118g | 7903 |

118h | 5941 |

118i(a) (1st 4 sentences) | 7324 |

118i(a) (5th sentence) | 7327 |

118i(b) (less last proviso, and less last sentence) | 7325 |

118i(b) (last proviso, last sentence) | Elim. |

118i(c) | 1308 |

118j, 118j–1 | Rep. |

118k(a) | 1501, 1502 |

118k(b) | 1504, 1505, 1506 |

118k(c) | 1508 |

118k(d) | 1302, 1507 |

118k(e), (f) | 1501 |

118k–1 | 1501, 7324 |

118k–2 | 1501 |

118k–3 | 7324 |

118l |
1501, 7324 |

118m | 7327 |

118n | 1503, 7326 |

118o |
7323 |

118p | 7311 |

118q | 3333 |

118r | T. 18 §1918 |

119–123 | Elim. |

124–131a, 132–133r | Rep. |

133s, 133t | Elim. |

133u, 133v | Rep. |

133w | Elim. |

133x to 133y–16 | Rep. |

133z | 901 |

133z–1 | 903 |

133z–2 | 904 |

133z–3 | 905 |

133z–4 | 906 |

133z–5, 133z–6 | 902 |

133z–7, 133z–8 | 907 |

133z–9 | 906 |

133z–10 | 908 |

133z–11 to 133z–15 | 909–913 |

134 | T. 40 §721 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134a | T. 40 §722 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134b | T. 40 §723 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134b–1 | T. 40 §724 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134b–2 | T. 40 §725 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134c | T. 40 §726 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134d | T. 40 §727 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134e | T. 40 §728 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134f | T. 40 §729 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

134g, 134h | T. 40 §721 note Rep. |

135–138j | Rep. |

139–139f | T. 44 §§421–427 (See Rev. T. 44 Table) |

140, 140a | T. 31 §§483a, 483b (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

141–149 | Rep. |

150 | 7901 |

150e–150i | T. 10 §2575 |

150j | T. 10 §§4712, 9712 |

150j–1 to 150j–3 | T. 10 §§4713, 9713 |

150k | 2105 |

150k–1(a) | 8171 |

150k–1(b) | 8172 |

150k–1(c) | 8173 |

150m–150o |
T. 10 §2541 |

150p | T. 10 §2572 |

150q–150t | T. 10 §2601 |

151 | T. 22 §2651 |

151a | T. 22 §2652 |

151b | T. 22 §2653 |

151c | T. 22 §2658 |

151d to 152–1 | Rep. |

152a | T. 22 §2654 |

152b | T. 22 §2655 |

152c, 152d, 153 | Rep. |

153a | T. 22 §2663 |

154 | T. 22 §2664 |

154a | Rep. |

155 | T. 22 §2665 |

156 | T. 22 §2656 |

157 | Rep. |

158 | T. 22 §2657 |

159, 160 | Rep. |

161 | T. 22 §2659 |

162–164 | Rep. |

165 | T. 22 §2660 |

166–168d | Rep. |

169 | T. 22 §2661 |

170 | T. 22 §2668 |

170a | T. 22 §2681 |

170b | T. 22 §2682 |

170c | T. 22 §2683 |

170d | Rep. |

170e | T. 22 §2666 |

170e–1 | T. 22 §2667 |

170f | T. 22 §2662 |

170g | T. 22 §2669 |

170h | T. 22 §2670 |

170i | T. 22 §2671 |

170j | T. 22 §2672 |

170k | T. 22 §2673 |

170l |
T. 22 §2674 |

170m | T. 22 §2675 |

170n | T. 22 §2676 |

170o |
T. 22 §2677 |

170p | T. 22 §2678 |

170q | T. 22 §2679 |

170r, 170s | Rep. |

170t | T. 22 §2680 |

170u | T. 22 §2684 |

171 | T. 10 §§131, 133 |

171–1 | T. 50 §408 |

171–2 | T. 50 §409 |

171a(a), (b) | T. 10 §133 |

171a(c) | T. 10 §§125, 136, 141, 3010, 3012, 5011, 5031, 8010, 8012 |

171a(d) | T. 10 §133 |

171a(e) | T. 10 §132 |

171a(f) | T. 10 §133 |

171a(g)–(i) | Elim. |

171a(j) | T. 10 §124 |

171a–1 | T. 10 §133 |

171b | Rep. |

171c | T. 10 §§134–136, 718, 2358 |

171c–1, 171c–2, 171d to 171d–2 | Rep. |

171e | T. 10 §171 |

171f | T. 10 §§141, 142 |

171g | T. 10 §143 |

171h, 171i | Rep. |

171j | T. 10 §173 |

171j–1 to 171l |
Rep. |

171m | T. 50 §411 |

171m–1 | T. 10 §2211 |

171n | T. 50 §410 |

171o |
Rep. |

171p, 171q | T. 10 §1581 |

171r | T. 10 §1582 |

171s | T. 10 §§3230, 5416, 8230 |

171s–1 | T. 31 §700 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

171t | T. 10 §2571 |

171u | Rep. |

171v | T. 10 §1583 |

171w | T. 10 §2385 |

171x, 171y | Rep. |

171y–1 | T. 10 §§3205, 5417, 8205 |

171z | T. 10 §2661 |

171z–1 | T. 10 §2681 |

171z–2 | T. 31 §700a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

171z–3 to 171z–5 | T. 10 §§2673–2675 |

172 | T. 10 §136 |

172a | T. 10 §§3014, 5061, 8014 |

172b, 172c | T. 10 §§2203, 2204 |

172d | T. 10 §2208 |

172d–1 | T. 10 §2210 |

172e | T. 10 §2209 |

172f | T. 10 §126 |

172g, 172h | T. 10 §§2205, 2206 |

172i | T. 10 §2701 |

172j | T. 50 §412 |

173 | T. 10 §2451 |

173a | Rep. |

173b | T. 10 §2451 |

173c–173e | T. 10 §§2452–2454 |

173f–173h | T. 10 §2455 |

173i | T. 10 §2456 |

174 | T. 31 §650a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

174a | T. 37 §412 |

174b | T. 10 §2666 |

174c | Elim. |

174d | T. 10 §2207 |

174e | T. 10 §2387 |

174f | Elim. |

174g | T. 31 §638f (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

174h | Elim. |

174i | T. 31 §700b (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

181 | T. 10 §3012 |

181–1(a) | T. 10 §3012 |

181–1(b) | Elim. |

181–1(c) | T. 10 §101(5); T. 50 §409(a) |

181–1(d) | T. 10 §3011 |

181–1(e) | T. 10 §3062 |

181–2 | T. 10 §3012 |

181–3 | T. 10 §3001 |

181–4 | T. 10 §§3012, 4532 |

181–5 | T. 10 §§3013, 3017 |

181a, 182, 182a, 183, 184 | Rep. |

185–187 | T. 10 §3016 |

187a, 188, 189 | Rep. |

189a | T. 10 §§4025, 9025 |

189b | Rep. |

189c | T. 10 §2632 |

189d | Rep. |

190 | T. 10 §3012 |

191 | T. 10 §4831 |

191a | T. 10 §1552 |

192, 192a, 193–194a, 195–197 | Rep. |

198 | T. 10 §4714 |

199 | T. 10 §§3693, 8693 |

200 | T. 10 §1551 |

201 | Rep. |

202 | T. 10 §§4565, 9565 |

203–207i, 208–213 | Rep. |

214 | Elim. |

215–216a, 217 | Rep. |

218 | T. 10 §2381 |

219–219b, 220 | Rep. |

221 | T. 10 §§4540, 9540 |

222 | T. 31 §649a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

223 | Rep. |

224 | T. 22 §276aa |

225 | T. 22 §276bb |

226 | T. 22 §276cc |

227 | T. 22 §276dd |

228 | T. 22 §276ee |

229–232 | Rep. |

233–233c | (See former 150q–150t) |

234–234f | Rep. |

235 | T. 10 §4531 |

235a | T. 10 §4503 |

235b | T. 10 §174 |

235c | T. 10 §1584 |

235d | T. 10 §2352 |

235e | T. 10 §§2353, 2357 |

235f, 235g | T. 10 §§2354, 2355 |

235h | T. 10 §§174, 2356 |

241–245 | T. 31 §§1001–1005 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

245a | Rep. and Elim. |

246 | T. 31 §1006 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

246a | Rep. |

247–248a | T. 31 §§1007–1009 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

248b | Rep. |

248c–248e | T. 31 §§1010, 1011, 1013 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

249, 249a | Rep. |

249b, 250 | T. 31 §§1014, 1015 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

251 | Rep. |

252–258a, 259–265 | T. 31 §§1016–1030 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

266–269 | Rep. |

270, 271 | Elim. |

272–274 | Rep. |

275 | T. 10 §1552 |

276 | Rep. |

277 | T. 31 §1031 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

281 | T. 19 §2071 |

281a | T. 19 §2072 |

281b | T. 19 §2073 |

281c | T. 21 §163 |

281d, 281e | Rep. |

281f | T. 19 §2072 |

281g | T. 19 §2074 |

282 | T. 21 §161 |

282a | T. 21 §162 |

282b | T. 21 §164 |

282c | T. 21 §165 |

291 | T. 28 §§501, 503 |

292 | T. 28 §502 |

293 | T. 28 §505 |

293a | Rep. |

294 | T. 28 §504 |

295, 295–1 | T. 28 §506 |

295a | Rep. |

295b | Rep. and Elim. |

296 | Rep. |

297 | Rep. and Elim. |

297a | Rep. |

298 | T. 28 §543 |

298a | 5108 |

299 | T. 28 §533 |

300 | T. 28 §§533, 534 |

300a | T. 18 §§3052, 3107 |

300b | T. 31 §224b (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

300c, 300c–1 | Rep. |

300d | T. 28 §536 |

300e–302 | Rep. |

303, 304 | T. 28 §§511, 512 |

305 | T. 28 §521; T. 44 §296a (See Rev. T. 44 Table) |

306 | T. 28 §516 |

306a | Rep. |

307 | T. 28 §513 |

308 | Rep. |

309 | T. 28 §518 |

310 | T. 28 §515 |

311 | Rep. |

311a | T. 28 §535 |

312 | T. 28 §§543, 547, 548 |

313 | T. 28 §514 |

314 | 3106 |

315 | T. 28 §515 |

316 | T. 28 §517 |

317 | T. 28 §§547, 569 |

318 | T. 28 §§549, 569 |

319 | T. 28 §523 |

320, 321 | Rep. |

322 | T. 31 §1010 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

323, 324 | T. 28 §547 |

325 | T. 31 §1012 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

326 | T. 31 §1011 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

327 | T. 28 §547 |

328 | T. 31 §1013 (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

329 | T. 28 §§547, 569 |

330, 331 | T. 28 §547 |

332 | Rep. See Fed. Rules Civ. Proc. rule 2. |

333 | T. 28 §522 |

334–339 | Rep. |

340 | T. 28 §534 |

341 | T. 28 §524 |

341a | T. 28 §568 |

341b | T. 28 §526 |

341c | T. 28 §§536, 537 |

341d | T. 8 §1555 |

341e | T. 28 §525 |

341f | T. 18 §4010 |

341g | T. 18 §4011 |

341h | T. 42 §250a |

342 | T. 8 §1551 |

342a | Elim. |

342b | T. 8 §1552 |

342b–1 | T. 8 §1553 |

342c | T. 8 §1353a |

342d | T. 8 §1353b |

342e | T. 8 §1353d |

342f | Rep. |

342g | T. 8 §1554 |

342h–342k | Elim. |

342l |
T. 8 §1557 |

361 | Rep. See T. 39 §§201, 203. |

362 | Rep. See T. 39 §207. |

363, 363a, 364 | Rep. See T. 39 §204. |

364–1(a) | Rep. See T. 39 §§204, 401. |

364–1(b), 364a, 364b | Rep. |

365 | Rep. See T. 39 §1011. |

366 | Rep. See T. 39 §401. |

367 | Rep. See T. 39 §2201. |

368 | Rep. |

369 | Rep. See T. 39 §§202, 401, 403, 404. |

370 | Rep. See T. 39 §§1001, 1006. |

371 | Rep. |

372, 373 | Rep. See T. 39 §407. |

374 | Rep. See T. 39 §2202. |

375 | Rep. See T. 39 §407. |

376 | Rep. |

377 | Rep. See T. 39 §401. |

378–382 | Rep. |

383, 384 | Rep. See T. 39 §2601. |

385–388 | Rep. |

389 | Rep. See T. 39 §5213. |

390, 391 | Rep. |

392 | Rep. See T. 39 §2603. |

393 | Rep. See T. 39 §401. |

411 | T. 10 §5031 |

411a(a) | T. 10 §101(5); T. 50 §409(b) |

411a(b) | T. 10 §5012 |

411a(c) | T. 10 §§5013, 5402 |

411b, 412 | T. 10 §5031 |

412a | T. 10 §§6952, 7202–7211, 7214, 7215, 7218, 7301, 7472, 7478, 7571, 7572, 7576, 7578, 7579 |

412b | T. 10 §2381 |

413 | T. 10 §5031 |

414, 415, 415a | Rep. |

415b | T. 10 §7473 |

415c | T. 10 §7472 |

415d | T. 10 §2632 |

415e, 416, 417 | Rep. |

418 | T. 10 §7216 |

419 | T. 10 §7221 |

419a | T. 10 §7220 |

419b | T. 10 §7222 |

419c | T. 10 §7202 |

420, 420a, 421 | T. 10 §5034 |

421a | Rep. |

421a–1 | T. 10 §§5034, 5036 |

421b | T. 10 §§5033, 5036 |

421c | T. 10 §7211 |

421d | T. 10 §7204 |

421e | T. 10 §§7203, 7205 |

421f | T. 10 §§7207–7209 |

421g | T. 10 §§6081, 7204, 7205, 7211, 7214, 7218, 7571, 7572, 7576, 7579 |

422, 422a, 423 | Rep. |

423a | T. 10 §§5081, 5082, 5111 |

423b | T. 10 §5081 |

423c–423f | T. 10 §§5085–5088 |

423g, 423h | T. 10 §§5111, 5112 |

423i | T. 10 §5082 |

423j | T. 10 §5036 |

423k | T. 10 §§5085, 5086, 5088, 5111 |

424 | T. 10 §5081 |

425 | Rep. |

425a | T. 10 §§5083, 5133, 5148, 5201 |

426, 426a | Rep. |

427 | T. 10 §5081 |

427a | T. 10 §5084 |

428 | T. 10 §5148 |

429 | T. 10 §§5131, 5132 |

430 | T. 10 §5132 |

430a | T. 10 §7303 |

430b | T. 10 §5132 |

431 | T. 10 §5132 |

432 | T. 10 §§5137, 5141, 5146, 5147 |

432a | T. 10 §5135 |

433 | T. 10 §5147 |

434 | T. 10 §§5141, 5144 |

435 | T. 10 §5145 |

436 | Rep. |

437 | T. 10 §5146 |

438 | T. 10 §5137 |

439 | T. 10 §§5133, 5136 |

440 | T. 10 §§5137, 5146 |

441 | T. 10 §§5133, 5148 |

441a | T. 10 §5133 |

442, 443 | Rep. |

444 | T. 10 §5149 |

445 | T. 10 §§5135, 5147 |

446 | T. 10 §§5135, 5141 |

447 | T. 10 §§5135, 5144 |

448 | T. 10 §5145 |

448a | T. 10 §5135 |

448b | T. 10 §5145 |

449 | T. 10 §§5135, 5146 |

450 | Rep. |

451 | T. 10 §5137 |

452 | T. 10 §§5134–5136 |

453 | T. 10 §5149 |

454 | Rep. |

455 | T. 10 §5132 |

456 | Rep. |

456a | T. 10 §1552 |

456b, 456c | T. 10 §5138 |

456d | T. 10 §6029 |

457 | T. 10 §7391 |

457a, 457b | Rep. |

458 | T. 10 §§7392, 7394 |

458a | T. 10 §7393 |

459 | T. 10 §7394 |

460, 460a | Rep. |

461 | T. 10 §7395 |

462 | Rep. |

463 | T. 10 §7395 |

464 | T. 10 §7396 |

465 | Rep. |

466 | T. 10 §7217 |

467, 468, 468a, 469, 470 | Rep. |

471 | T. 10 §§5063, 5064 |

475 | T. 10 §§5150, 5151 |

475a, 475b | T. 10 §5150 |

475c | T. 10 §5153 |

475d | T. 10 §§5151, 5152 |

475e | T. 10 §7522 |

475f | Rep. |

475g | T. 10 §174 |

475h | T. 10 §1584 |

475i | T. 10 §2352 |

475j | T. 10 §§2353, 2357 |

475k, 475l |
T. 10 §§2354, 2355 |

475m | T. 10 §§174, 2356 |

476, 476a, 476b | T. 10 §§1581, 1582 |

477–477c | (See former 150q–150t) |

481 | T. 43 §1451 |

481a | T. 43 §1452 |

482 | T. 43 §1453 |

482a | Rep. |

483 | T. 43 §1454 |

483–1 | Rep. and Elim. |

483–2 | Rep. |

483a | T. 43 §1455 |

484 | T. 43 §1456 |

485 | T. 43 §1457 |

486 | T. 43 §1458 |

487 | T. 43 §1459 |

488 | T. 43 §1460 |

489 | T. 43 §1461 |

490 | Rep. See T. 28 §1733. |

491 | T. 43 §1462 |

492 | T. 43 §1463 |

493 | T. 43 §1464 |

494 | Rep. |

495 | T. 43 §1465 |

496, 496a, 497 | Rep. |

498 | T. 43 §1466 |

499, 500 | Rep. |

501 | Elim. |

502 | T. 43 §1467 |

503 | T. 43 §1468 |

511 | T. 7 §2201 |

512 | T. 7 §2202 |

513 | T. 7 §2203 |

514 | T. 7 §2204 |

514a | T. 7 §2210 |

514b | T. 7 §2211 |

514c | Rep. |

514d (1st, 3d pars.) | Rep. |

514d (2d par.) | 3101 |

515 | T. 7 §2205 |

516 | T. 7 §2206 |

516a | T. 7 §450c |

516b (less 3d sentence) | T. 7 §450d |

516b (3d sentence) | 5109 |

516c | T. 7 §450e |

516d | T. 7 §450f |

516e | T. 7 §450g |

517 | T. 7 §2212 |

517a | Rep. |

517b | T. 7 §2213 |

517c | Rep. |

518 | Elim. |

518a | T. 7 §2214 |

519 | T. 7 §2215 |

520 | T. 7 §2216 |

520a | T. 7 §2232 |

521 | T. 7 §2217 |

522 | T. 7 §2218 |

523–527 | Rep. |

528 | T. 7 §2219 |

529 | Rep. |

530 | T. 7 §2221 |

531 | T. 7 §2222 |

532 | T. 7 §2223 |

533 | T. 7 §2224 |

534–537 | Rep. |

538 | T. 7 §2227 |

539–541b | Rep. |

541c | T. 7 §2233 |

541d | T. 7 §2228 |

541e | T. 7 §2229 |

542 | T. 7 §2234 |

542–1 | T. 7 §2235 |

542–2 | T. 7 §2236 |

542a | T. 7 §2237 |

542b | T. 7 §2238 |

542c | T. 7 §2239 |

543 | T. 7 §2240 |

543a | T. 7 §2230 |

543b | T. 7 §2231 |

544–548 | Rep. |

549 | T. 7 §2241 |

550 | Rep. |

551 | T. 7 §2242 |

552 | T. 7 §2243 |

552a | T. 7 §2244 |

553 | T. 7 §2245 |

554 | T. 7 §2246 |

555 | T. 7 §2247 |

556, 556a | Rep. |

556b | T. 7 §2248 |

557 | T. 7 §2207 |

557a | T. 7 §2208 |

558 | T. 7 §2209 |

558a, 559–562 | Rep. |

563 | T. 7 §450b |

564 | T. 7 §2220 |

564a | T. 7 §2249 |

565 | Rep. |

565a | T. 7 §2250 |

565b | T. 7 §2250a |

566 | T. 7 §2251 |

567 | T. 7 §2253 |

568 | Rep. |

568a | T. 7 §2254 |

568b | Rep. |

569 | T. 7 §2252 |

570 | T. 7 §2255 |

571 | T. 7 §2256 |

572 | T. 7 §2257 |

573 | T. 7 §2258 |

574 | T. 7 §2225 |

574a | T. 7 §2226 |

575 | T. 7 §2259 |

576 | T. 7 §2260 |

577 | T. 7 §2261 |

578 | T. 7 §2262 |

579 | T. 7 §2263 |

591 | T. 15 §1501 |

591a | T. 15 §1502 |

591b | T. 15 §1503 |

592 | T. 15 §1504 |

592a | T. 15 §1505 |

592a–1, 592a–2 | Rep. |

592a–3 | T. 15 §1506 |

592a–4 | T. 15 §1507 |

592b | T. 15 §1508 |

592c, 592d, 593 | Rep. |

593a | T. 15 §1509 |

594 | T. 15 §1510 |

595 | Rep. |

596 | T. 15 §1512 |

596a | T. 15 §1514 |

597 | T. 15 §1511 |

597a, 597a–1, 597b–597d | Rep. |

598 | T. 15 §1515 |

599 | T. 15 §1513 |

600–600b | Rep. |

601 | T. 15 §1516 |

601a–601d | T. 15 §§189, 189a, 192, 192a |

602 | T. 15 §1517 |

603 | T. 15 §1518 |

604 | T. 15 §1519 |

605 | Rep. |

606 | T. 15 §1520 |

606a | Rep. |

607 | T. 15 §1521 |

608 | Rep. |

608a | T. 15 §1522 |

608b | T. 15 §1523 |

608c | T. 15 §1524 |

611 | T. 29 §551 |

611a | T. 29 §552 |

611b | T. 29 §553 |

611c | Rep. and Elim. |

612, 613 | Rep. |

613a | T. 29 §554 |

613b | T. 29 §555 |

614 | Rep. |

615 | T. 29 §556 |

616 | T. 29 §557 |

617 | T. 29 §558 |

618 | T. 29 §559 |

619 | Rep. |

620 | T. 29 §560 |

621 | T. 29 §561 |

622 | T. 29 §562 |

622a | T. 29 §563 |

623 | T. 42 §3501 |

623a | T. 42 §3508 |

623b | T. 42 §3503 |

623c | T. 42 §3504 |

623d | T. 42 §3505 |

623e | T. 42 §3507 |

623f | T. 42 §3506 |

623g | T. 42 §3502 |

623h | T. 42 §3501a |

623i | Elim. |

624 | T. 42 §3531 |

624a | T. 42 §3532 |

624b | T. 42 §3533 |

624c | T. 42 §3534 |

624d | T. 42 §3535 |

624e | T. 42 §3536 |

624f | T. 42 §3537 |

626(a) | T. 10 §8012 |

626(b) | Rep. |

626(c) | T. 10 §101(5); T. 50 §409(c) |

626(d) | T. 10 §8013 |

626(e) | T. 10 §8012 |

626(f) | T. 10 §8033 |

626(g) | T. 10 §8011 |

626–1 | T. 10 §8013, 8017 |

626–2 | T. 10 §§8012, 9532 |

626a | T. 10 §8012 |

626b | T. 10 §8013 |

626c(a), (f) | T. 10 §8062 |

626c(b) | T. 10 §743 |

626c(c)–(e), 626c–1 to 626c–3, 626d, 626e | Rep. |

626f | (See former 150p) |

626g–626j | (See former 150q–150t) |

626k | Rep. |

626l, 626m |
T. 10 §9441 |

626n | T. 10 §2632 |

626o |
Rep. |

626p | T. 10 §9774 |

626q, 626r | T. 10 §9301 |

626s to 626s–2 | T. 10 §2481 |

626s–3 | T. 10 §2667 |

626s–4, 626s–5 | Rep. |

626s–6 | T. 10 §2667 |

626t, 626u | T. 10 §1581 |

626v–626y, 627 | Rep. |

627a | T. 10 §§8208, 8215 |

627b | T. 10 §§8071, 8208, 8297, 8299, 8305, 8504, 8685, 8888, 8915, 8916, 8927, 8962, 8991 |

627c | Rep. |

627d | T. 10 §8256 |

627e | T. 10 §8685 |

627f | T. 10 §§8549, 8580, 8818 |

627g–627l |
Rep. |

628 | T. 10 §9531 |

628a | T. 10 §9503 |

628b | T. 10 §174 |

628c | T. 10 §1584 |

628d | T. 10 §2352 |

628e | T. 10 §§2353, 2357 |

628f, 628g | T. 10 §§2354, 2355 |

628h | T. 10 §§174, 2356 |

630 | T. 40 §751 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630a | T. 40 §752 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630b | T. 40 §753 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630c | Rep. |

630d | T. 40 §754 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630e | T. 40 §755 Rep. |

630f | Rep. |

630g | T. 40 §756 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630g–1 | T. 40 §757 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630g–2 | T. 40 §759 Rep. |

630h | T. 40 §758 (See Rev. T. 40 Table) |

630i | Elim. |

630j | Rep. |

631 | 3301, 7301 |

631a, 631b(a) | Elim. |

631b(b), (c) | 3304 |

632 (1st par.) | 1101 |

632 (2d–4th pars.) | 1102 |

632 (5th par.) | 1103 |

633(1) | 1301, 3302 |

633(2)1 | 3304 |

633(2)2 | 3318 |

633(2)3 | 3306 |

633(2)4 | 3321 |

633(2)5 | 7321 |

633(2)6 | 7152, 7322 |

633(2)7 | 1302, 3304 |

633(2)8 | 2951, 3302 |

633(2)9 | 7153 |

633(3) | 1302, 1307 |

633(4) | 1303 |

633(5) | 1308 |

633a–633e | Rep. |

634 | 1306 |

635 (1st 5 sentences) | 1104, 1105 |

635 (6th sentence) | 1105, 3305 |

635 (7th sentence) | 3304 |

636 | Rep. |

637 | T. 18 §1917 |

638 | 2102, 3304, 3361 |

638a | Rep. |

638b | 3307, 3322 |

639 | Rep. |

640 | 7352 |

641 | 3319 |

642 | 3303 |

642a | 2953 |

643–645b | Rep. |

645c–645e | Elim. |

646–651b | Rep. |

652(a) | 7501 |

652(b) | 5591–5593 |

652(c) | 7101 |

652(d) | 7102 |

652a–652c | 5596 |

653, 654 | Rep. |

655–657 | 1304 |

658 | Elim. |

659 | 3327 |

661–663b, 664–669a, 670–672c, 673–673b | Rep. |

673c (1st par., less provisos) | Rep. |

673c (1st proviso) | 6102 |

673c (2d, 3d provisos) | 5544 |

673c (2d par.), 674–678b | Rep. |

679 | Elim. |

680–684, 691, 691a, 692–692d, 693 to 693–2, 693a–693d, 694, 649a, 695, 695a, 696, 696a, 697, 697a, 698–698b, 699, 699a, 700, 700a, 701, 701a, 702, 702a, 703, 703a, 704, 704a, 705, 705a, 706, 706a, 707, 707a, 708, 708a, 709–615 | Rep. |

715a | 3323 |

715b–715d, 716–718a, 719, 719–1, 719a, 719b, 720–729a, 730–736c, 737–739b, 740, 740a | Rep. |

740b–740i | (See former 2281–2288) |

745–745r | Rep. |

751 | 8102 |

752 | 8117 |

753 | 8105 |

754 | 8106 |

755(a), (b) | 8107 |

755(c) | 8108 |

755(d) | 8109 |

756(a) | 8110 |

756(b) | 8111 |

756(c) | 8112 |

756(d) | 8113 |

756a | Rep. |

757 | 8116 |

758 | 8118 |

759(a) | 8103 |

759(b) | 8104 |

759(c) | 3315a |

760(A) | 8133 |

760(B) | 8101, 8133 |

760(C)–(G) | 8133 |

760(H) | 8101 |

760(I)–(K) | 8133 |

760(L) | T. 18 §1921 |

760(M) | 8101 |

761 | 8134 |

762 | 8114 |

763 | 8115 |

764 | 8135 |

765–767 | 8119 |

768, 769 | 8121 |

770 | 8122 |

771, 772, 773(a) | 8123 |

773(b) | 8127; T. 18 §292 |

773(c) | 8125 |

774(a) | 8120 |

774(b) | T. 18 §1922 |

775 | 8130 |

776 | 8131 |

777 | 8132 |

778 | 8145 |

779 | 8120 |

780 | 8126 |

781 | 8145 |

782 | Rep. |

783 | 8145, 8149 |

784(a) | 8148 |

784(b), (c) | 7902 |

785 | 8147 |

786 | 8124 |

787 | 8128 |

788 | 8129 |

789 | T. 18 §1920 |

790 | 8101 |

791 | 8131 |

791–1 to 791–3, 791–4(a) | Rep. |

791–4(b) | 8150 |

791a | Rep. |

791b | Elim. |

792 | Rep. |

793 (1st par.) | 8146 |

793 (2d par., 1st sentence) | 8146 |

793 (2d par., 2d sentence) | 8138 |

793 (2d par., 3d, 4th sentences) | 8146 |

793 (3d par.) | 8146 |

793 (4th par., 1st sentence) | 8138 |

793 (4th par., 2d sentence) | 8136 |

793 (5th par., 1st through 6th sentences) | 8137 |

793 (5th par., 7th sentence) | 8128 |

793 (5th par., 8th sentence) | 8137 |

793a(a), (b) | 8146a |

793a(c) | 8101 |

794 | 8101, 8139 |

795–797a, 798–801 | Rep. |

802 | 8140 |

803(a)–(c) | 8141 |

803(d) | Rep. |

803a | 8150 |

821–823 | Rep. |

823a | (See former 73c) |

824–834 | Rep. |

835 | 5701 |

836 | 5702 |

837 | 5704 |

838 | 5705 |

839 | 5706 |

840 | 5707 |

841, 842 | 5708 |

851 | 1302, 2108 |

852 (1st 2 sentences) | 3309, 3310 |

852 (less 1st 2 sentences) | Elim. |

853 | 3311 |

854 | 3308, 3312, 3351, 3363, 3504 |

855 | 3306, 3319 |

856 | 3313 |

857 | 3317, 3318, 3364 |

858 | 3320 |

859 | 3305 |

860 | 1302 |

861 | 3501–3503 |

862 | 3316 |

863 | 3315, 7512, 7701 |

864 | 3315, 3318 |

865 | 3314 |

866, 867 | Rep. |

868 | 1302, 7701 |

869 | 3320 |

901(a) | 5541 |

901(b) | Rep. |

901(c) | T. 2 §60e–2. Rep. in part. |

901(d), (e) | 5541 |

902 | 5541; T. 2 §60e–2 |

911 | 5542 |

912 | 5543 |

912a, 912b | 5542 |

913 | 5544 |

914 | 5506 |

921 | 5545 |

921a | 5546 |

922 | 5546 |

926 | 5545 |

931 | T. 2 §60e–3 |

932 | T. 2 §60e–4 |

932a | T. 2 §60e–5 |

932b | T. 2 §60e–6 |

932c(a)–(c) | T. 2 §60e–7 |

932c(d) | 8331 |

932d(a)–(c) | T. 2 §60e–8 |

932d(d) | 8331 |

932d(e) | Rep. |

932d(f) | T. 2 §60e–8 |

932e(a)–(e) | T. 2 §60e–9 |

932e(f) | 8331 |

932f(a)–(d) | T. 2 §60e–10 |

932f(e) | 8331 |

932f(f) | T. 2 §60e–10 |

932f(g) | Rep. |

932g(a)–(c) | T. 2 §60e–11 |

932g(d) | 8331 |

932g(e) | T. 2 §60e–11 |

932h(a), (b) | T. 2 §60e–12 |

932h(c) | 8331 |

932h(d) | T. 2 §60e–12 |

932i(a), (b) | T. 2 §60e–13 |

932i(c) | 8331 |

932i(d), (e) | T. 2 §60e–13 |

933 | 5544; T. 2 §60e–2b |

933a | T. 31 §46a (See Rev. T. 31 Table) |

934, 935 | Rep. |

941 | 5549 |

942–942b | Rep. |

943 | 5547 |

943a | Rep. |

944(a) | 6101 |

944(b), (c) | 5504 |

944(d) | 5504, 6101 |

945 | 5504, 5548, 6101 |

946 | 5342 |

947–954 | Rep. |

955 | T. 2 §60e–4a |

956–958 | Rep. |

1001 | 551 |

1002 | 552 |

1003 | 553 |

1004 | 554 |

1005 | 555 |

1006 | 556 |

1007 | 557 |

1008 | 558 |

1009 | 701–706 |

1010 (1st sentence) | 3105 |

1010 (2d sentence) | 7521 |

1010 (3d sentence) | 4301, 5335, 5362 |

1010 (4th sentence) | 3344 |

1010 (5th sentence) | 1305 |

1011 | 559 |

1012–1014 | 500 |

1031–1040 | T. 28 §§2341–2350 |

1041 | T. 28 §2352 |

1042 | T. 28 §2351 |

1045(a)–(d) | Elim. |

1045(e) | 571 |

1045a | 572 |

1045b | 573 |

1045c | 574 |

1045d | 575 |

1045e | 576 |

1051 | 5352, 5353 |

1052 | 5351 |

1053 | 8144 |

1054 | 8331, 8332 |

1055 | 5354 |

1056 | Rep. |

1057 | 5355 |

1058 | 5356 |

1071 | 5101 |

1072, 1072a | 5115 |

1073 | Rep. |

1074 | 7154 |

1075 | Rep. |

1076 | Elim. |

1081 | 5102 |

1082 | 5102, 5341, 5342 |

1083 | 5103 |

1084(a) | T. 2 §60e–2a |

1084(b), (c) | 5102, 5103 |

1085 | 305 |

1091 | 5102 |

1092, 1093 | 5106 |

1094 | 5105 |

1101 | 5112 |

1102 | 5107, 5110 |

1103 | 5110 |

1104 | 5111 |

1105(a)–(l) |
3324, 5108 |

1105(m) | Rep. |

1105a | 5114 |

1105b | Elim. |

1106 | 5113 |

1107 | 5337 |

1111, 1112 | 5104 |

1113 | 5332 |

1114–1116 | Rep. |

1117 | 5595 |

1121 | 5335 |

1122 | 5336 |

1123 | 5335, 5336 |

1124, 1125 | Rep. |

1131 | 5333 |

1132 | 5334 |

1133 | 5333 |

1134 | 5545 |

1141, 1142 | Rep. |

1151 | 305 |

1152, 1153 | Rep. |

1161 | 3104, 3325, 5361 |

1162(a) | 3325 |

1162(b) | 5361 |

1162(c) | 3104 |

1163 | 3104 |

1171 | 5301 |

1172 | 5302 |

1173 | 5303 |

1174 | 5304 |

1181 | 5343 |

1182(a) | 5344, 5581 |

1182(b) | 8331 |

1182(c) | 5344 |

1183 | 8704 |

1184 | Rep. |

2001 | 4301 |

2002 | 4302 |

2003 | 4307 |

2004 | 4303 |

2005 | 4304 |

2006 | 4305 |

2007(a) | 4308 |

2007(b)–(d) | 4306 |

2061 | 5508, 6301, 6305 |

2061a | 5551, 6302 |

2062(a), (b) | 6303 |

2062(c), (d) | 6304 |

2062(e) | 6303 |

2062(f) | 6305 |

2062(g) | 6310 |

2062(h) | 6302 |

2062(i) | 6303 |

2062a, 2062b | Rep. |

2063 | 6307 |

2064(a)–(c) | 6302 |

2064(d) | 6309 |

2064(e) | 6308 |

2065 | 6311 |

2066(a) | 6304 |

2066(b)–(d) | Rep. |

2067 | 6301 |

2068–2070 | Rep. |

2071 | 6324 |

2091(a) | 8701, 8716 |

2091(b) | 8701 |

2091(c) | 8706 |

2091(d) | 8701, 8716 |

2092(a)–(c) | 8704 |

2092(d) | Rep. |

2093 | 8705 |

2094(a) (1st par.) | 8707 |

2094(a) (2d par.) | 8702 |

2094(b) | 8708 |

2094(c), (d) | 8714. Elim. in part. |

2095 | 8706 |

2096 | 8709, 8710 |

2097 | 8711, 8712 |

2098 | 8703 |

2099 | Elim. |

2100 | 8716. Elim. in part. |

2101 | 8713. Elim. in part. |

2102 | 1308. Elim. in part. |

2103 | 8715. Elim. in part. |

2121 | 1308, 4506 |

2122 | 4501 |

2123(a) | 4503 |

2123(b) | 4504 |

2123(c) | 4505 |

2123(d), (e) | 4502 |

2123(f) | 3362 |

2123(g) | 4502 |

2131 | 5901 |

2132 | 5901, 8331 |

2133 | 5901 |

2134 | 5902 |

2151 | T. 10 §1481 |

2152, 2153 | T. 10 §§1481, 1482 |

2154 | T. 10 §1481 |

2155–2160 | T. 10 §§1483–1488 |

2161, 2162 | T. 10 §1482 |

2163 | Rep. |

2171 | T. 42 §1973cc–1 |

2172 | T. 42 §1973cc–2 |

2173 | T. 42 §1973cc–3 |

2181 | T. 42 §1973cc–11 |

2182 | T. 42 §1973cc–12 |

2183 | T. 42 §1973cc–13 |

2184 | T. 42 §1973cc–14 |

2185 | T. 42 §1973cc–15 |

2191 | T. 42 §1973cc–21 |

2192 | T. 42 §1973cc–22 |

2193 | T. 42 §1973cc–23 |

2194 | T. 42 §1973cc–24 |

2195 | T. 42 §1973cc–25 |

2196 | T. 42 §1973cc–26 |

2201–2209 | Rep. |

2210 | 5311 |

2211(a) | 5312 |

2211(b)(1)–(14) | 5313 |

2211(b)(15) (less proviso) | Elim. |

2211(b)(15) (proviso) | 5314 |

2211(b)(16)–(19) | 5313 |

2211(c)(1)–(38) | 5314 |

2211(c)(39) (less proviso) | Elim. |

2211(c)(39) (proviso) | 5315 |

2211(c)(40)–(45) | 5314 |

2211(c)(46) (less proviso) | Elim. |

2211(c)(46) (proviso) | 5315 |

2211(c)(47) | 5314 |

2211(d) | 5315 |

2211(e) | 5316 |

2211(f) | 5317 |

2211(g) | 5315, 5316 |

2212 | 5363 |

2213 | 5364 |

2251(a)–(g) | 8331 |

2251(h)–(j) | 8341 |

2251(k)–(t) | 8331 |

2252(a)–(d) | 8331 |

2252(e) | 8347 |

2252(f) | 8331, 8347 |

2252(g) | 8331, 8332 |

2252(h) | 8331, 8332, 8347 |

2253(a)–(e) | 8332 |

2253(f), (g) | 8333 |

2253(h)–(j) | 8332 |

2254 | 8334 |

2255 | 8335 |

2256(a)–(e) | 8336 |

2256(f) | 8333, 8336 |

2257 | 8337 |

2258 | 8338 |

2259 | 8339 |

2260 | 8341 |

2261 | 8342 |

2262 | 8343 |

2263(a) | 3323 |

2263(b), (c) | 8344 |

2264 | 8345 |

2265 | 8346 |

2266(a)–(e) | 8347 |

2266(f) | 1308 |

2266(g) | 8347 |

2267 | 8348 |

2268 | 8340 |

2281 | 8311 |

2282 | 8312 |

2283(a) | 8314 |

2283(b), (c) | 8315 |

2283a | 8313 |

2284(a), (b) | 8316 |

2284(c), (d) | 8317 |

2284a(a) | 8317 |

2284a(b) | 8316 |

2285(a), (b) | 8318 |

2285(c) | 8320 |

2286 | 8321 |

2287 | 8319 |

2288 | 8322 |

2301(1)–(3) | Elim. |

2301(4) | 4117 |

2302 | 4101 |

2303 | 4102 |

2304 | 4113 |

2305 | 4118 |

2306 | 4103 |

2307 | 4104 |

2308 | 4105 |

2309 | 4109 |

2310 | 4108 |

2311 | 4106 |

2312, 2313 | 4107 |

2314 | 4114 |

2315 | 4115 |

2316 | 4116 |

2317(a) | 4113 |

2317(b), (c) | 1308 |

2318(a) | 4111 |

2318(b) | 4110 |

2318(c) | 4111 |

2318(d) | 4107 |

2318(e) | 4117 |

2319 | 4112 |

2331 | 3343, 3581 |

2332 | 3343 |

2333 | 3582, 3583 |

2334 | 3584 |

2351–2356 | T. 20 §§901–906 |

2357 | 5334 |

2358(a) | 5541, 6301 |

2358(b) | T. 20 §907 |

2358(c) | 8331, 8701 |

2371–2379 | T. 42 §4271–4279 |

3001 | 8901 |

3002(a)–(f) | 8901, 8905, 8913 |

3002(g) | Rep. |

3003 | 8903 |

3004 | 8904 |

3005 | 8902 |

3006 | 8906 |

3007 | 8909 |

3008(a) | Rep. |

3008(b) | 8909 |

3009(a), (b) | 8913 |

3009(c) | 8908 |

3009(d) | 8907 |

3010 | 8910 |

3011 | 1308 |

3012 | 8911 |

3013(a) | 1104, 5109 |

3013(b) | Rep. |

3014 | 8912 |

3031 | Elim. |

3032 | 5921 |

3033–3035 | 5922 |

3036 | 5923 |

3037 | 5924 |

3038 | 5925 |

3039 | 5913 |

3051–3060 | Elim. |

3071 | 5521 |

3072 | 5522 |

3073 | 5523 |

3074 | 5524 |

3075 | 5525 |

3076 | 5527 |

3077 | Rep. |

3078 | 5526 |

3101 | 3326, 3501, 5531, 6303. Elim. in part. |

3102(a)–(e) | 5532 |

3102(f)–(h) | Elim. |

3103 | 3326 |

3104 | Elim. |

3105(a)–(d) | 5533 |

3105(e) | Elim. |

3105(f) | 5533 |

3121–3127 | 5911 |


Title 5 Appendix Former Sections | Title 5 New Sections |
---|---|

Federal Advisory Committee Act |
|

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §1) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 1 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92–463, 86 Stat. 770) provides a short title for the Act. |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §2) | 5 U.S.C. 1002 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §3) | 5 U.S.C. 1001 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §4) | 5 U.S.C. 1003 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §5) | 5 U.S.C. 1004 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §6(a), (b)) | 5 U.S.C. 1005 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §6(c)) | Repealed as obsolete. Section 6(c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92–463, 86 Stat. 772), as amended by section 201(c) of the Congressional Reports Elimination Act of 1982 (Public Law 97–375, 96 Stat. 1822), provided that the President shall, not later than December 31 of each year, make an annual report to the Congress on the activities, status, and changes in the composition of advisory committees in existence during the preceding fiscal year. Section 6(c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act is obsolete because of section 3003 of the Federal Reports Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–66, 31 U.S.C. 1113 note). See the 3d item on page 173 of House Document No. 103–7. |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §7) | 5 U.S.C. 1006 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §8) | 5 U.S.C. 1007 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §9) | 5 U.S.C. 1008 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §10) | 5 U.S.C. 1009 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §11) | 5 U.S.C. 1010 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §12) | 5 U.S.C. 1011 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §13) | 5 U.S.C. 1012 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §14) | 5 U.S.C. 1013 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §15) | 5 U.S.C. 1014 |

5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §16) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 16 (formerly section 15) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92–463, 86 Stat. 776) provides that, except as provided in section 7(b) of the Act (restated at section 1006(b) of title 5, United States Code), the Act shall become effective upon the expiration of 90 days following October 6, 1972. |

Inspector General Act of 1978 |
|

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §1) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 1 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 provides a short title for the Act. |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §2) | 5 U.S.C. 402 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) | 5 U.S.C. 403 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note (Pub. L. 110–409, §4(a)(3)) | 5 U.S.C. 423(a) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note (Pub. L. 110–409, §4(b)(1)) | 5 U.S.C. 423(b) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note (Pub. L. 110–409, §4(b)(2)) | Repealed as obsolete. Section 4(b)(2) of the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 (5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note) provided a limitation on pay increases resulting from the application of section 4(b)(1) of the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008, which is restated as section 423(b) of title 5, United States Code. The provision is obsolete because section 4(b)(2)(B) of the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 provided that the limitation "shall not apply to any adjustment made in fiscal year 2013 or each fiscal year thereafter". |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note (Pub. L. 110–409, §4(c)) | 5 U.S.C. 423(c) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §4) | 5 U.S.C. 404 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §5) | 5 U.S.C. 405 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §6) | 5 U.S.C. 406 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §7) | 5 U.S.C. 407 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8) | 5 U.S.C. 408 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(a), (b)) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 8A(a) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(a))) provides that the Inspector General of the Agency for International Development shall supervise, direct, and control all security activities relating to the programs and operations of that agency, and section 8A(b) of the Act (5 U.S.C. App (IGA §8A(b))) provides for the appointment of an Assistant Inspector General for Security who shall have responsibility for supervising the performance of security activities relating to programs and operations of the Agency for International Development. However, the supervision of security activities referred to section 8A(a) and section 8A(b) of the Act is no longer performed by the Inspector General of the Agency for International Development because of superseding provisions in section 587(a) of the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §587], 22 U.S.C. 2381 note). |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(c)) | 5 U.S.C. 409(b) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(d)) | 5 U.S.C. 409(c) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(e)) | 5 U.S.C. 409(d) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(f)) | 5 U.S.C. 409(a) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8B) | 5 U.S.C. 410 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8C) | 5 U.S.C. 411 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8D) | 5 U.S.C. 412 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8E) | 5 U.S.C. 413 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8F) | 5 U.S.C. 414 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8G) | 5 U.S.C. 415 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8H) | 5 U.S.C. 416 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8I) | 5 U.S.C. 417 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8J) | 5 U.S.C. 418 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8K) | Previously repealed. |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8L) | 5 U.S.C. 419 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8M) | 5 U.S.C. 420 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8N) | 5 U.S.C. 421 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §9) | 5 U.S.C. 422 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §10) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 10 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 amended sections 5315 and 5316 of title 5, United States Code, and amended section 202(e) of the Act of October 15, 1976 (Public Law 94–505, 42 U.S.C. 3522(e)), which was subsequently repealed by section 102(e)(2) of the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988 (Public Law 100–504, 102 Stat. 2517). |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §11) | 5 U.S.C. 424(a) through (e)(3) |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §12) | 5 U.S.C. 401 |

5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §13) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 13 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 provides that the provisions of the Act and the amendments made by the Act shall take effect October 1, 1978. |

Ethics in Government Act of 1978 |
|

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §101) | 5 U.S.C. 13103 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §101 note) (Pub. L. 95–521, §1) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 1 (i.e., the undesignated 1st section) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–521, 92 Stat. 1824) provides a short title for the Act. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §102) | 5 U.S.C. 13104 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §103) | 5 U.S.C. 13105 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §104) | 5 U.S.C. 13106 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §105) | 5 U.S.C. 13107 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §106) | 5 U.S.C. 13108 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §107) | 5 U.S.C. 13109 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §108) | 5 U.S.C. 13110 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §109) | 5 U.S.C. 13101 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §110) | 5 U.S.C. 13111 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §111) | 5 U.S.C. 13102 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §112) | Previously repealed. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §§201 through 212) | Previously repealed. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §§301 through 309) | Previously repealed. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §401) | 5 U.S.C. 13121 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §402) | 5 U.S.C. 13122 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §403) | 5 U.S.C. 13123 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §404) | 5 U.S.C. 13124 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §405) | 5 U.S.C. 13125 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §406) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 406 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–521, 92 Stat. 1864) amended section 5316 of title 5, United States Code. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §407) | Not repealed but omitted from the text of title 5. Section 407 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–521), as added by section 4 of Public Law 98–150 (97 Stat. 960), and amended by section 8 of Public Law 100–598 (102 Stat. 3035), amended sections 5314 and 5316 of title 5, United States Code. |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §408) | 5 U.S.C. 13126 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §501) | 5 U.S.C. 13143 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §502) | 5 U.S.C. 13144 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §503) | 5 U.S.C. 13142 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §504) | 5 U.S.C. 13145 |

5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §505) | 5 U.S.C. 13141 |


Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378, provided in part: "That the laws relating to the organization of the Government of the United States and to its civilian officers and employees, generally, are revised, codified, and enacted as title 5 of the United States Code, entitled 'Government Organization and Employees', and may be cited as '5 U.S.C., § '."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "The legislative purpose in enacting sections 1–6 of this Act is to restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act [Sept. 6, 1966]. Laws effective after June 30, 1965, that are inconsistent with this Act are considered as superseding it to the extent of the inconsistency."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "A reference to a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(c), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(d), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1–6 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(e), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline thereof."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(f), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "The enactment of this Act does not increase or decrease the pay, allowances, compensation, or annuity of any person."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(g), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 631, provided that: "If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are separable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."

Pub. L. 89–554, §7(h), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "Sections 1–6 of this Act shall be construed to apply to commissioned officers of the Public Health Service and commissioned officers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey [now the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration] to the same extent that the laws replaced by those sections applied to these officers immediately before the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 6, 1966]."

Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, repealed the sections or parts thereof of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large codified in this title, except with respect to rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun, before Sept. 6, 1966, and except as provided by section 7 of Pub. L. 89–554.

Pub. L. 89–554, §8(b), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "The right to a deferred annuity on satisfaction of the conditions attached thereto is continued notwithstanding the repeal of the law conferring the right."

Pub. L. 89–554, §8(c), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632, provided that: "The repeal of a law by this Act may not be construed as a legislative inference that the provision was or was not in effect before its repeal."

Pub. L. 117–286, §2, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4196, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) to make revisions in title 5, United States Code, as necessary to keep the title current; and

"(2) to make technical amendments to improve the United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

Pub. L. 117–286, §5, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4360, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

"(g)

"(h)

Pub. L. 117–286, §7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4361 repealed specified laws relating to Federal advisory committees, Inspectors General, and ethics requirements, except with respect to rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, or proceedings that were begun before Dec. 27, 2022.

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XI, §1107, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1974, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) designees of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, and the Secretary of Homeland Security (1 member to be designated by each); and

"(B) such other members as the President shall designate.

"(c)

"(1) Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Committee on National Security Personnel, in consultation with representatives of such other agencies as the Committee determines to be appropriate, shall develop and issue a National Security Human Capital Strategy providing policies, processes, and procedures for a program for the interagency rotation of personnel among positions within National Security Interagency Communities of Interest.

"(2) The strategy required by paragraph (1) shall, at a minimum—

"(A) identify specific Interagency Communities of Interest for the purpose of carrying out the program;

"(B) designate agencies to be included or excluded from the program;

"(C) define categories of positions to be covered by the program;

"(D) establish processes by which the heads of relevant agencies may identify—

"(i) positions in Interagency Communities of Interest that are available for rotation under the program; and

"(ii) individual employees who are available to participate in rotational assignments under the program; and

"(E) promulgate procedures for the program, including—

"(i) any minimum or maximum periods of service for participation in the program;

"(ii) any training and education requirements associated with participation in the program;

"(iii) any prerequisites or requirements for participation in the program; and

"(iv) appropriate performance measures, reporting requirements, and other accountability devices for the evaluation of the program.

"(d)

"(1) during each of the first 4 fiscal years after the fiscal year in which this Act is enacted—

"(A) the interagency rotation program shall be carried out in at least 2 Interagency Communities of Interest, of which 1 shall be an Interagency Community of Interest for emergency management and 1 shall be an Interagency Community of Interest for stabilization and reconstruction; and

"(B) not fewer than 20 employees in the executive branch of the Government shall be assigned to participate in the interagency personnel rotation program;

"(2) an employee's participation in the interagency rotation program shall require the consent of the head of the agency and shall be voluntary on the part of the employee;

"(3) employees selected to perform interagency rotational service are selected in a fully open and competitive manner that is consistent with the merit system principles set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 2301(b) of title 5, United States Code, unless the Interagency Community of Interest position is otherwise exempt under another provision of law;

"(4) an employee performing service in a position in another agency pursuant to the program established under this section shall be entitled to return, within a reasonable period of time after the end of the period of service, to the position held by the employee, or a corresponding or higher position, in his or her employing agency;

"(5) an employee performing interagency rotational service shall have all the rights that would be available to the employee if the employee were detailed or assigned under a provision of law other than this section from the agency employing the employee to the agency in which the position in which the employee is serving is located; and

"(6) an employee participating in the program shall receive performance evaluations from officials in his or her employing agency that are based on input from the supervisors of the employee during his or her service in the program that are based primarily on the contribution of the employee to the work of the agency in which the employee performed such service, and these performance evaluations shall be provided the same weight in the receipt of promotions and other rewards by the employee from the employing agency as performance evaluations for service in the employing agency.

"(e)

"(f)

"(1) as a group are positions within multiple agencies of the executive branch of the Government; and

"(2) have significant responsibility for the same substantive, functional, or regional subject area related to national security or homeland security that requires integration of the positions and activities in that area across multiple agencies to ensure that the executive branch of the Government operates as a single, cohesive enterprise to maximize mission success and minimize cost.

"(g)

"(h)

"(1) the extent to which the requirements of this section have been implemented by the Committee on National Security Personnel and by national security agencies;

"(2) the extent to which national security agencies have participated in the program established pursuant to this section, including whether the heads of such agencies have—

"(A) identified positions within the agencies that are National Security Interagency Communities of Interest and had employees from other agencies serve in rotational assignments in such positions; and

"(B) identified employees who are eligible for rotational assignments in National Security Interagency Communities of Interest and had such employees serve in rotational assignments in other agencies;

"(3) the extent to which employees serving in rotational assignments under the program established pursuant to this section have benefitted from such assignments, including an assessment of—

"(A) the period of service;

"(B) the duties performed by the employees during such service;

"(C) the value of the training and experience gained by participating employees through such service; and

"(D) the positions (including grade level) held by employees before and after completing interagency rotational service under this section; and

"(4) the extent to which interagency rotational service under this section has improved or is expected to improve interagency integration and coordination within National Security Interagency Communities of Interest.

"(i)

Pub. L. 90–83, §9(a)–(g), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that:

"(a) The legislative purpose in enacting sections 1–8 of this Act is to restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act. Laws effective after February 21, 1967, that are inconsistent with this Act are considered as superseding it to the extent of the inconsistency.

"(b) A reference to a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act, including a reference in a regulation, order, or other law, is deemed to refer to the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.

"(c) An order, rule, or regulation in effect under a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act continues in effect under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act until repealed, amended, or superseded.

"(d) An action taken or an offense committed under a law replaced by sections 1–8 of this Act is deemed to have been taken or committed under the corresponding provision enacted by this Act.

"(e) An inference of a legislative construction is not to be drawn by reason of the location in the United States Code of a provision enacted by this Act or by reason of the caption or catchline thereof.

"(f) The enactment of this Act does not increase or decrease the pay, allowances, compensation, or annuity of any person.

"(g) If a provision enacted by this Act is held invalid, all valid provisions that are severable from the invalid provision remain in effect. If a provision of this Act is held invalid in one or more of its applications, the provision remains in effect in all valid applications that are severable from the invalid application or applications."




**2022**—Pub. L. 117–286, §4(d)(2), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4359, added items for chapters 4 and 10.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §253, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 874, added item for chapter 8.


The Executive departments are:

The Department of State.

The Department of the Treasury.

The Department of Defense.

The Department of Justice.)

The Department of the Interior.

The Department of Agriculture.

The Department of Commerce.

The Department of Labor.

The Department of Health and Human Services.

The Department of Housing and Urban Development.

The Department of Transportation.

The Department of Energy.

The Department of Education.

The Department of Veterans Affairs.

The Department of Homeland Security.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(b), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(1), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(a), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(b), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(b), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(1), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1. | R.S. §158. Feb. 9, 1889, ch. 122, §1 (38th through 54th words), 25 Stat. 659. |
|

Feb. 14, 1903, ch. 552, §1 (83d through 99th words), 32 Stat. 825. | ||

Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1 (75th through 91st words), 37 Stat. 736. | ||

Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4 "Sec. 201(c)", 63 Stat. 579. | ||

July 31, 1956, ch. 802, §1(a), 70 Stat. 732. | ||

5 U.S.C. 2. | R.S. §159. |


The reference in former section 1 to the application of the provisions of this title, referring to title IV of the Revised Statutes, is omitted as unnecessary as the application of those provisions is stated in the text.

The statement in former section 2 that the use of the word "department" means one of the Executive departments named in former section 1 is omitted as unnecessary as the words "Executive department" are used in this title when Executive department is meant.

"The Department of Commerce" is substituted for "The Department of Commerce and Labor" on authority of the act of March 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–241 inserted "The Department of Homeland Security."

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–527 inserted "The Department of Veterans Affairs."

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–88 substituted "Department of Health and Human Services" for "Department of Health, Education, and Welfare" and inserted "The Department of Education."

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–91 inserted "The Department of Energy."

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–375 struck out "The Post Office Department."

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–670 inserted "The Department of Housing and Urban Development." and "The Department of Transportation."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–88 effective May 4, 1980, with specified exceptions, see section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by the President and published in the Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

Pub. L. 118–9, §1, July 25, 2023, 137 Stat. 55, provided that: "This Act [amending section 553 of this title] may be cited as the 'Providing Accountability Through Transparency Act of 2023'."

Pub. L. 117–328, div. Y, §101, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5523, provided that: "This division [amending section 8421a of this title] may be cited as the 'Continuity for Operators with Necessary Training Required for ATC Contract Towers Act of 2022' or the 'CONTRACT Act of 2022'."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5321, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3255, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§5321, 5322) of title LIII of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, enacting section 3330f of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 3330f of this title] may be cited as the 'Periodically Listing Updates to Management Act of 2022' or the 'PLUM Act of 2022'."

Pub. L. 117–225, §1, Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2293, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8336, 8412, 8414, 8415, 8421, 8421a, 8425, and 8462 of this title, sections 4045, 4046, and 4052 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 2152 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 8336 of this title] may be cited as the 'First Responder Fair Return for Employees on Their Initial Retirement Earned Act' or the 'First Responder Fair RETIRE Act'."

Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §102(a), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1138, provided that: "This section [enacting section 2903 of Title 39, Postal Service, amending section 8909a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8909a of this title] may be cited as the 'USPS Fairness Act'."

Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXII, §6201, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2389, provided that: "This title [enacting section 4087 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, amending section 6502 of this title, section 1015d of Title 20, Education, and sections 3951 and 4026 of Title 22, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6502 of this title and section 1015d of Title 20] may be cited as the 'Foreign Service Families Act of 2021'."

Pub. L. 117–17, §1, June 17, 2021, 135 Stat. 287, provided that: "This Act [amending section 6103 of this title] may be cited as the 'Juneteenth National Independence Day Act'."

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1131, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3900, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§1131–1138) of title XI of div. A of Pub. L. 116–283, amending section 2302 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 2301 of this title] may be cited as the 'Elijah E. Cummings Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2020'."

Pub. L. 116–269, §1, Dec. 30, 2020, 134 Stat. 3323, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 5547 of this title] may be cited as the 'Secret Service Overtime Pay Extension Act'."

Pub. L. 116–126, §1, Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 174, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 8345a and 8466a of this title, amending sections 8331, 8345, 8348, 8401, and 8466 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 8331 of this title] may be cited as the 'Representative Payee Fraud Prevention Act of 2019'."

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1121, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1605, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle B (§§1121–1124) of title XI of Pub. L. 116–92, enacting chapter 92 of this title, section 1316b of Title 2, The Congress, section 2339 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 4714 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending sections 1302 and 1317 of Title 2, section 62 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 604 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 9201 and 9202 of this title, section 2339 of Title 10, section 10132 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement, and section 4714 of Title 41] may be cited as the 'Fair Chance to Compete for Jobs Act of 2019' or the 'Fair Chance Act'."

Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXVI, §7601, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2304, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§7601–7606) of title LXXVI of Pub. L. 116–92, amending section 6382 of this title, section 1312 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 2611 and 2612 of Title 29, Labor, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6382 of this title, section 1312 of Title 2, and sections 2611 and 2612 of Title 29, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 44935 of Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Federal Employee Paid Leave Act'."

Pub. L. 116–50, §1, Aug. 22, 2019, 133 Stat. 1073, provided that: "This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 552a of this title] may be cited as the 'Creating Advanced Streamlined Electronic Services for Constituents Act of 2019' or the 'CASES Act'."

Pub. L. 115–435, §1(a), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5529, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapter II of chapter 3 of this title, subchapter III of chapter 35 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and section 3520A of Title 44, amending section 306 of this title, section 402 of Title 13, Census, section 176a of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 3502, 3504, 3506, 3511, and 3520 of Title 44, and sections 6302 and 6314 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 306 and 311 of this title and sections 101, 3506, and 3561 of Title 44, amending provisions set out as a note under section 20155 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3501 of Title 44] may be cited as the 'Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–383, §1, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5121, provided that: "This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 5547 of this title] may be cited as the 'Secret Service Overtime Pay Extension Act'."

Pub. L. 115–352, §1, Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5067, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8334 and 8422 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8334 of this title], may be cited as the 'Correcting Miscalculations in Veterans' Pensions Act'."

Pub. L. 115–238, §1, Sept. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 2450, provided that: "This Act [amending section 6329 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6329 of this title] may be cited as the 'Veterans Providing Healthcare Transition Improvement Act'."

Pub. L. 115–195, §1, July 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 1510, provided that: "This Act [amending section 7703 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 7703 of this title] may be cited as the 'All Circuit Review Act'."

Pub. L. 115–160, §1, Apr. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 1246, provided that: "This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 5547 of this title] may be cited as the 'Secret Service Recruitment and Retention Act of 2018'."

Pub. L. 115–84, §1, Nov. 17, 2017, 131 Stat. 1272, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8432b and 8433 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8432b and 8433 of this title] may be cited as the 'TSP Modernization Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–73, §1(a), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1235, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 2307 and 7515 of this title, amending sections 1214, 1221, 2302, 4505a, and 5755 of this title and sections 3657 and 3673 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1212 and 2301 of this title and section 703 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2302 of this title] may be cited as the 'Dr. Chris Kirkpatrick Whistleblower Protection Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 115–40, §1, June 14, 2017, 131 Stat. 861, provided that: "This Act [amending section 2302 of this title] may be cited as the 'Follow the Rules Act'."

Pub. L. 115–34, §1, May 16, 2017, 131 Stat. 846, provided that: "This Act [amending section 5707 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5707 of this title] may be cited as the 'Modernizing Government Travel Act'."

Pub. L. 115–1, §1, Jan. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 3, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 3171 and 3172 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 3171 of this title] may be cited as the 'Tested Ability to Leverage Exceptional National Talent Act of 2017' or the 'TALENT Act of 2017'."

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460, provided that: "This section [enacting sections 6329a to 6329c of this title, amending section 6502 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6329a of this title] may be cited as the 'Administrative Leave Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–302, §1, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1516, provided that: "This Act [amending section 2303 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Bureau of Investigation Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–185, §1, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 538, provided that: "This Act [amending section 552 of this title and section 3102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 552 of this title] may be cited as the 'FOIA Improvement Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 114–137, §1, Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 310, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3318, 3319, and 9510 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3318 of this title] may be cited as the 'Competitive Service Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–136, §1, Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 301, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8331, 8701, and 8901 of this title and section 2203 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3101 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3] may be cited as the 'Edward "Ted" Kaufman and Michael Leavitt Presidential Transitions Improvements Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–75, §1, Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 640, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 6329 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 6329 of this title] may be cited as the 'Wounded Warriors Federal Leave Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–62, §1, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 547, provided that: "This Act [amending section 2108 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2108 of this title] may be cited as the 'Gold Star Fathers Act of 2015'."

Pub. L. 114–47, §1, Aug. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 485, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 96 of this title] may be cited as the 'Land Management Workforce Flexibility Act'."

Pub. L. 113–277, §1, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2995, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 5550 of this title and section 147 of Title 6, Domestic Security, amending sections 3132, 5542, 5547, and 8331 of this title and section 213 of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5542 and 5550 of this title and section 146 of Title 6] may be cited as the 'Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014'."

Pub. L. 113–255, §1, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8438, 8439, 8472, and 8477 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 8438 of this title] may be cited as the 'Smart Savings Act'."

Pub. L. 113–170, §1, Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1894, provided that: "This Act [amending section 7703 of this title] may be cited as the 'All Circuit Review Extension Act'."

Pub. L. 113–80, §1, Feb. 12, 2014, 128 Stat. 1006, provided that: "This Act [amending section 1304 of this title] may be cited as the 'OPM IG Act'."

Pub. L. 112–230, §1, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1616, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 7326 of this title, amending sections 1501, 1502, 1506, 7322, and 7325 of this title, repealing former section 7326 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1501 and 7326 of this title] may be cited as the 'Hatch Act Modernization Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–199, §1, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1465, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 2304 of this title, amending sections 1204, 1212, 1214, 1215, 1221, 2302, and 7703 of this title, sections 3 and 8D of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, formerly set out in the Appendix to this title, and section 133 of Title 6, Domestic Security, renumbering sections 2304 and 2305 of this title as sections 2305 and 2306, respectively, of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1204, 2302, and 2304 of this title, section 3 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, and section 1116 of Title 31, Money and Finance] may be cited as the 'Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012'."

Pub. L. 112–166, §1, Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1283, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011'."

Pub. L. 111–292, §1, Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3165, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 65 and section 5711 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 6501 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note and provisions listed in a table under section 6120 of this title] may be cited as the 'Telework Enhancement Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–282, §1(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3033, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 102 of this title, amending sections 5102, 5541, 6304, and 6324 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5102 and 10201 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3056A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] may be cited as the 'United States Secret Service Uniformed Division Modernization Act of 2010'."

Pub. L. 111–178, §1, June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1262, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 5724d of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 5724d of this title] may be cited as the 'Special Agent Samuel Hicks Families of Fallen Heroes Act'."

Pub. L. 111–83, title V, §564(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2184, provided that: "This section [amending section 552 of this title] may be cited as the 'OPEN FOIA Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, §100(a), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1852, provided that: "This division [enacting sections 8432d and 8480 of this title, amending sections 8432, 8433, 8437 to 8439, and 8477 of this title and section 1450 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8439 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Retirement Reform Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §101, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1853, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 8432d and 8480 of this title, amending sections 8432, 8433, 8437 to 8439, and 8477 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8439 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Plan Enhancement Act of 2009'."

Pub. L. 110–372, §1, Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4043, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3104, 3324, 3325, 5108, 5304, 5307 and 5376 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5307 and 5376 of this title] may be cited as the 'Senior Professional Performance Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 110–290, §1, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2914, provided that: "This Act [amending section 596 of this title] may be cited as the 'Regulatory Improvement Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 110–175, §1, Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2524, provided that: "This Act [amending section 552 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 552 of this title] may be cited as the 'Openness Promotes Effectiveness in our National Government Act of 2007' or the 'OPEN Government Act of 2007'."

Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §801, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3249, provided that: "This title [enacting section 8909a of this title, amending sections 8334, 8348, and 8906 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8334, 8348, and 8909a of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note preceding section 2001 of Title 39, Postal Service] may be cited as the 'Postal Civil Service Retirement and Health Benefits Funding Amendments of 2006'."

Pub. L. 109–356, §1(a), Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2019, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 5102, 8951, 8981, and 9001 of this title, sections 202, 214, 215b, 216, 216a, 221, 321, and 1813 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and section 57a of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] may be cited as the '2005 District of Columbia Omnibus Authorization Act'."

Pub. L. 108–496, §1, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4001, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapters 89A and 89B of this title, amending section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8951 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employee Dental and Vision Benefits Enhancement Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–469, §1(a), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3891, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8351, 8432, 8433, 8439, and 8440a to 8440e of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8350 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Plan Open Elections Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–411, §1(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2305, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 4121, 5550b, 5753, and 5754 of this title, amending sections 4103, 4505a, 5302, 5304, 5305, 5314, 5334, 5361, 5363, 5365, 5377, and 6303 of this title, repealing former sections 5753 and 5754 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5304, 5363, 5550b, 5753, and 6303 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5305 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Workforce Flexibility Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–401, §1, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2255, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 591, 594, and 596 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Regulatory Improvement Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–201, §1, Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 461, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 98 of this title, amending section 2473 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2473 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'NASA Flexibility Act of 2004'."

Pub. L. 108–196, §1, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2896, provided that: "This Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3371 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Law Enforcement Pay and Benefits Parity Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 108–123, §1, Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1345, provided that: "This Act [amending section 5379 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employee Student Loan Assistance Act'."

Pub. L. 108–44, §1, July 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 842, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 3114 of this title] may be cited as the 'Accountant, Compliance, and Enforcement Staffing Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 108–18, §1, Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 624, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8331, 8334, and 8348 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8334 and 8348 of this title and preceding section 2001 of Title 39, Postal Service, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 8348 of this title] may be cited as the 'Postal Civil Service Retirement System Funding Reform Act of 2003'."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1301, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2287, provided that: "This title [enacting chapter 14 of this title, subchapter II of chapter 35 of this title, and section 3319 of this title, amending sections 1103, 3111, 3304, 3393, 3592 to 3594, 4107, 5307, 7701, 7905, 8336, 8339, 8414, and 8421 of this title, sections 1115 and 1116 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 1902 of Title 50, War and National Defense, repealing section 3393a of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1103, 1401, 3301, 3521, 3592, 3593, and 8336 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 8336 and 8414 of this title] may be cited as the 'Chief Human Capital Officers Act of 2002'."

Pub. L. 107–27, §1, Aug. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 207, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8335 and 8425 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Firefighters Retirement Age Fairness Act'."

Pub. L. 89–670, §10(c), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948, which provided that the amendment made to this section by section 10(b) of Pub. L. 89–670 was not to be construed to make applicable to the Department any provision of law inconsistent with Pub. L. 89–670, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–287, §7(5), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3400.

The military departments are:

The Department of the Army.

The Department of the Navy.

The Department of the Air Force.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity for defining "military departments" each time it is used in this title. See section 101(7) of title 10.

For the purpose of this title—

(1) "Government corporation" means a corporation owned or controlled by the Government of the United States; and

(2) "Government controlled corporation" does not include a corporation owned by the Government of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity for defining "Government corporation" and "Government controlled corporation" each time it is used in this title.

For the purpose of this title, "independent establishment" means—

(1) an establishment in the executive branch (other than the United States Postal Service or the Postal Regulatory Commission) which is not an Executive department, military department, Government corporation, or part thereof, or part of an independent establishment; and

(2) the Government Accountability Office.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(2), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity for defining "independent establishment" each time it is used in this title.

Certain agencies are not independent establishments under the definition since they are constituent agencies or parts of an independent establishment. However, these agencies would continue to be subject to the provisions of this title applicable to the independent establishment of which they are a constituent or part. Also, the definition does not expand or abridge any rights or authority possessed by these agencies as no substantive changes are intended, see section 7(a) of the bill.

**2006**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**2004**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1970**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 91–375 inserted "(other than the United States Postal Service or the Postal Rate Commission)" after "executive branch".

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

For the purpose of this title, "Executive agency" means an Executive department, a Government corporation, and an independent establishment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity for defining "Executive agency" each time it is used in this title.



**2019**—Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(b), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5532, added headings for subchapters I and II and items 311 to 315.

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–352, §13(a), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3882, added item 306 and struck out former item 306 "Strategic plans".

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–62, §11(a), Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 295, added item 306.

**2019**—Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(1), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5529, inserted subchapter heading.

The head of an Executive department or military department may prescribe regulations for the government of his department, the conduct of its employees, the distribution and performance of its business, and the custody, use, and preservation of its records, papers, and property. This section does not authorize withholding information from the public or limiting the availability of records to the public.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 22. | R.S. §161. Aug. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–619, 72 Stat. 547. |


The words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. The words "not inconsistent with law" are omitted as surplusage as a regulation which is inconsistent with law is invalid.

The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which provided:

"All laws, orders, regulations, and other actions relating to the National Military Establishment, the Departments of the Army, the Navy, or the Air Force, or to any officer or activity of such establishment or such departments, shall, except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, have the same effect as if this Act had not been enacted; but, after the effective date of this Act, any such law, order, regulation, or other action which vested functions in or otherwise related to any officer, department, or establishment, shall be deemed to have vested such function in or relate to the officer, or department, executive or military, succeeding the officer, department, or establishment in which such function was vested. For purposes of this subsection the Department of Defense shall be deemed the department succeeding the National Military Establishment, and the military departments of Army, Navy, and Air Force shall be deemed the departments succeeding the Executive Departments of Army, Navy, and Air Force."

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. N, title III, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2975, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XCIV, §9401(g)(4)(A), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4809, provided that:

"This title may be cited as the 'Federal Cybersecurity Workforce Assessment Act of 2015'.

"In this title:

"(1)

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;

"(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

"(C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

"(D) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;

"(E) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives;

"(F) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;

"(G) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives; and

"(H) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(a)

"(1) identify all positions within the agency that require the performance of cybersecurity or other cyber-related functions; and

"(2) assign the corresponding employment code under the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education in accordance with subsection (b).

"(b)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(D)

"(i) the percentage of personnel with information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related job functions who currently hold the appropriate industry-recognized certifications as identified under the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education;

"(ii) the level of preparedness of other civilian and noncivilian cyber personnel without existing credentials to take certification exams; and

"(iii) a strategy for mitigating any gaps identified in clause (i) or (ii) with the appropriate training and certification for existing personnel.

"(E)

"(i) to identify all encumbered and vacant positions with information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related functions (as defined in the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education's coding structure); and

"(ii) to assign the appropriate employment code to each such position, using agreed standards and definitions.

"(2)

"(c)

"(a)

"(1) identify information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related work roles of critical need in the agency's workforce; and

"(2) submit a report to the Director that—

"(A) describes the information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related roles identified under paragraph (1); and

"(B) substantiates the critical need designations.

"(b)

"(1) current information technology, cybersecurity, and other cyber-related roles with acute skill shortages; and

"(2) information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related roles with emerging skill shortages.

"(c)

"(1) identify critical needs for information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related workforce across all Federal agencies; and

"(2) submit a progress report on the implementation of this section to the appropriate congressional committees.

"The Comptroller General of the United States shall—

"(1) analyze and monitor the implementation of sections 303 and 304; and

"(2) not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015], submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes the status of such implementation."

Pub. L. 111–274, Oct. 13, 2010, 124 Stat. 2861, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Plain Writing Act of 2010'.

"The purpose of this Act is to improve the effectiveness and accountability of Federal agencies to the public by promoting clear Government communication that the public can understand and use.

"In this Act:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) means any document that—

"(i) is necessary for obtaining any Federal Government benefit or service or filing taxes;

"(ii) provides information about any Federal Government benefit or service; or

"(iii) explains to the public how to comply with a requirement the Federal Government administers or enforces;

"(B) includes (whether in paper or electronic form) a letter, publication, form, notice, or instruction; and

"(C) does not include a regulation.

"(3)

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) designate 1 or more senior officials within the agency to oversee the agency implementation of this Act;

"(B) communicate the requirements of this Act to the employees of the agency;

"(C) train employees of the agency in plain writing;

"(D) establish a process for overseeing the ongoing compliance of the agency with the requirements of this Act;

"(E) create and maintain a plain writing section of the agency's website as required under paragraph (2) that is accessible from the homepage of the agency's website; and

"(F) designate 1 or more agency points-of-contact to receive and respond to public input on—

"(i) agency implementation of this Act; and

"(ii) the agency reports required under section 5.

"(2)

"(A) inform the public of agency compliance with the requirements of this Act; and

"(B) provide a mechanism for the agency to receive and respond to public input on—

"(i) agency implementation of this Act; and

"(ii) the agency reports required under section 5.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the writing guidelines developed by the Plain Language Action and Information Network; or

"(B) guidance provided by the head of the agency that is consistent with the guidelines referred to in subparagraph (A).

"(a)

"(b)

"(a)

"(b)

"The budgetary effects of this Act, for the purpose of complying with the Statutory Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2010 [2 U.S.C. 931 et seq.], shall be determined by reference to the latest statement titled 'Budgetary Effects of PAYGO Legislation' for this Act, submitted for printing in the Congressional Record by the Chairman of the House Budget Committee, provided that such statement has been submitted prior to the vote on passage."

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1058(a), (b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3442, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the Boy Scouts of America;

"(2) the Girl Scouts of the United States of America;

"(3) the Boys Clubs of America;

"(4) the Girls Clubs of America;

"(5) the Young Men's Christian Association;

"(6) the Young Women's Christian Association;

"(7) the Civil Air Patrol;

"(8) the United States Olympic Committee [now United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee];

"(9) the Special Olympics;

"(10) Campfire USA;

"(11) the Young Marines;

"(12) the Naval Sea Cadets Corps;

"(13) 4–H Clubs;

"(14) the Police Athletic League;

"(15) Big Brothers—Big Sisters of America;

"(16) National Guard Challenge Program; and

"(17) any other organization designated by the President as an organization that is primarily intended to—

"(A) serve individuals under the age of 21 years;

"(B) provide training in citizenship, leadership, physical fitness, service to community, and teamwork; and

"(C) promote the development of character and ethical and moral values.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) any senior officer (including any member of the board of directors) of the youth organization is convicted of a criminal offense relating to the official duties of that officer or the youth organization is convicted of a criminal offense; or

"(B) the youth organization is the subject of a criminal investigation relating to fraudulent use or waste of Federal funds.

"(4)

"(A) authorizing a youth organization to hold meetings, camping events, or other activities on Federal property;

"(B) hosting any official event of a youth organization;

"(C) loaning equipment for the use of a youth organization; and

"(D) providing personnel services and logistical support for a youth organization."

Pub. L. 109–148, div. A, title VIII, §8126(b), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2728, which contained provisions substantially similar to those in Pub. L. 109–163, §1058(a), (b), set out above, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §1071(f)(3), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2402.

Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7211(a)–(d), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3825–3827, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) for an individual (regardless of where born)—

"(A) who is a citizen or national of the United States at birth; and

"(B) whose birth is registered in the United States; and

"(2) that—

"(A) is issued by a Federal, State, or local government agency or authorized custodian of record and produced from birth records maintained by such agency or custodian of record; or

"(B) is an authenticated copy, issued by a Federal, State, or local government agency or authorized custodian of record, of an original certificate of birth issued by such agency or custodian of record.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(D)

"(3)

"(A) at a minimum, shall require certification of the birth certificate by the State or local government custodian of record that issued the certificate, and shall require the use of safety paper or an alternative, equally secure medium, the seal of the issuing custodian of record, and other features designed to prevent tampering, counterfeiting, or otherwise duplicating the birth certificate for fraudulent purposes;

"(B) shall establish requirements for proof and verification of identity as a condition of issuance of a birth certificate, with additional security measures for the issuance of a birth certificate for a person who is not the applicant;

"(C) shall establish standards for the processing of birth certificate applications to prevent fraud;

"(D) may not require a single design to which birth certificates issued by all States must conform; and

"(E) shall accommodate the differences between the States in the manner and form in which birth records are stored and birth certificates are produced from such records.

"(4)

"(A) the Secretary of Homeland Security;

"(B) the Commissioner of Social Security;

"(C) State vital statistics offices; and

"(D) other appropriate Federal agencies.

"(5)

"(c)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) computerizing their birth and death records;

"(ii) developing the capability to match birth and death records within each State and among the States; and

"(iii) noting the fact of death on the birth certificates of deceased persons.

"(B)

"(C)

"(d)

Pub. L. 104–208, div. C, title VI, §656, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–716, as amended by Pub. L. 106–69, title III, §355, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1027, which related to standards for acceptance of birth certificates by Federal agencies for any official purpose, required the Secretary of Health and Human Services to make grants to States for assistance in meeting Federal standards and in matching birth and death records and for demonstration projects, and required the Secretary to submit a report to the Congress on ways to reduce the fraudulent obtaining and use of birth certificates, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–458, title VII, §7211(e), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3827.

Act Aug. 16, 1950, ch. 716, 64 Stat. 448, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the head of any department or other agency in the executive branch of the Government which subsequent to September 9, 1939, entered into any contract or agreement with the holder of any privately owned patent or any right thereunder whereby such holder granted to the United States, without payment of royalty or with reduction or limitation of royalty, any license under such patent or right, is authorized, upon application of the grantor of such license, to enter into such supplemental contract or agreement for the cancellation of the contract or agreement by which such license was granted as the head of such department or agency shall deem to be warranted by equities existing by reason of changes in circumstances occurring since the granting of such license."

Establishment of equal employment opportunity programs by heads of Executive departments and agencies, see Ex. Ord. No. 11246, Sept. 24, 1965, 30 F.R. 12319 and Ex. Ord. No. 11478, Aug. 8, 1969, 34 F.R. 12985, set out as notes under section 2000e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5721 of this title.

(b) In addition to the authority to delegate conferred by other law, the head of an agency may delegate to subordinate officials the authority vested in him—

(1) by law to take final action on matters pertaining to the employment, direction, and general administration of personnel under his agency; and

(2) by section 3702 of title 44 to authorize the publication of advertisements, notices, or proposals.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(1), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 22a. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §12, 60 Stat. 809. |


Clause (2) of former section 22a is omitted because of the repeal of R.S. §3683 (31 U.S.C. 675) by the Act of Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §301(76), 64 Stat. 843.

The word "agency" is substituted for "department" and defined to conform to the definition of "department" in section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

In subsection (b), the words "In addition to the authority to delegate conferred by other law," are added for clarity and in recognition of the various reorganization plans which generally have transferred all functions of the departments and agencies to the heads thereof and have authorized them to delegate the functions to subordinates.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1975**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "3702" for "324".

(a) An employee of an Executive department lawfully assigned to investigate frauds on or attempts to defraud the United States, or irregularity or misconduct of an employee or agent of the United States, may administer an oath to a witness attending to testify or depose in the course of the investigation.

(b) An employee of the Department of Defense lawfully assigned to investigative duties may administer oaths to witnesses in connection with an official investigation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 94–213, Feb. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 179.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 93. | R.S. §183. Mar. 2, 1901, ch. 809, §3, 31 Stat. 951. Feb. 13, 1911, ch. 43, 36 Stat. 898. |


The word "employee" is substituted for "officer or clerk" in view of the definition in section 2105. The words "Executive department" are substituted for "departments" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. So much as related to the Armed Forces is omitted as superseded by section 636 of title 14 and section 936(b) of title 10.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (formerly 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–213 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

(a) The head of an Executive department or military department or bureau thereof in which a claim against the United States is pending may apply to a judge or clerk of a court of the United States to issue a subpena for a witness within the jurisdiction of the court to appear at a time and place stated in the subpena before an individual authorized to take depositions to be used in the courts of the United States, to give full and true answers to such written interrogatories and cross-interrogatories as may be submitted with the application, or to be orally examined and cross-examined on the subject of the claim.

(b) If a witness, after being served with a subpena, neglects or refuses to appear, or, appearing, refuses to testify, the judge of the district in which the subpena issued may proceed, on proper process, to enforce obedience to the subpena, or to punish for disobedience, in the same manner as a court of the United States may in case of process of subpena ad testificandum issued by the court.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 379.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 94. | R.S. §184. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 96. | R.S. §186. |


In subsection (a), the words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. The word "thereof" is added to reflect the proper relationship between "department" and "bureau" as reflected in title IV of the Revised Statutes of 1878. The words "in any State, District, or Territory" are omitted as unnecessary. The word "individual" is substituted for "officer" as the definition of "officer" in section 2104 is narrower than the word "officer" in R.S. §184 which word includes "officers" as defined in section 2104 as well as notaries public who are not "officers" under section 2104, but are "officers" as that word is used in R.S. §184.

In subsection (a), the words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" means an Executive agency, but does not include—

(1) a Government controlled corporation;

(2) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(3) the Virgin Islands Corporation;

(4) the Atomic Energy Commission;

(5) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(6) the Panama Canal Commission; or

(7) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense.

(b) Under regulations prescribed and administered by the President, each agency shall review systematically the operations of each of its activities, functions, or organization units, on a continuing basis.

(c) The purpose of the reviews includes—

(1) determining the degree of efficiency and economy in the operation of the agency's activities, functions, or organization units;

(2) identifying the units that are outstanding in those respects; and

(3) identifying the employees whose personal efforts have caused their units to be outstanding in efficiency and economy of operations.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(1), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 97–468, title VI, §615(b)(1)(A), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2578.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1085. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §205, 63 Stat. 957. |

(b), (c) | 5 U.S.C. 1151. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1001, 63 Stat. 971. |


Subsection (a) is based in part on former sections 1081 and 1082, which are carried into section 5102.

In subsection (a)(1), the exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is added to preserve the application of this section to "corporations wholly owned by the United States". This is necessary as the defined term "Executive agency" includes the defined term "Government corporation" and the latter includes both Government owned and controlled corporations. Thus the exclusion of Government controlled corporations, which are distinct from wholly owned corporations, operates to preserve the application of this section to wholly owned corporations. The exception for the Inland Waterways Corporation in former section 1082(13) is omitted on authority of the Act of July 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–67, 77 Stat. 81. The exceptions for Production Credit Corporations and Federal Intermediate Credit Banks in former section 1082(18) and (19) are omitted as they are no longer "corporations wholly owned by the United States". Under the Farm Credit Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 659, the Production Credit Corporations were merged in the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and pursuant to that Act the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks have ceased to be corporations wholly owned by the United States.

In subsection (a)(7), the words "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Railroad Company" on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a)(2), 64 Stat. 1038.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(3) to (8). Pub. L. 97–468 struck out par. (3), which excluded The Alaska Railroad, and redesignated pars. (4) to (8) as (3) to (7), respectively.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Commission" for "Company".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–468 effective on date of transfer of Alaska Railroad to the State [Jan. 5, 1985], pursuant to section 1203 of Title 45, Railroads, see section 615(b) of Pub. L. 97–468.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 96–54, §2(b), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 385, provided that: "Except as otherwise expressly provided in subsection (a), the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending sections 305, 1308, 2101, 2105, 2106, 2108, 3102, 3132, 3302, 3305, 3315, 3317, 3324, 3326, 3503, 4102, 4109, 4111, 4112, 4701, 5102, 5108, 5311 to 5316, 5333 to 5335, 5347, 5504, 5514, 5516, 5521, 5545, 5550a, 5562, 5581, 5584, 5596, 5702, 5903, 5943, 6104, 6304, 6305, 6323, 6325, 7325, 7327, 7701, 7702, 8331, 8332, 8339, 8347, 8701, 8901, and 8906 of this title], shall take effect July 12, 1979, or the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 14, 1979], whichever is earlier."

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See also Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Virgin Islands Corporation established to have succession until June 30, 1969, unless sooner dissolved by Act of Congress, by act June 30, 1949, ch. 285, 63 Stat. 350, as amended (48 U.S.C. 1407 et seq.). Corporation terminated its program June 30, 1965, and dissolved July 1, 1966. Act June 30, 1949, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–357, title III, §308(e), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710.

Functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section delegated to Director of Office of Management and Budget, see Ex. Ord. No. 12152, Aug. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 48143, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

(a) Not later than the first Monday in February of any year following the year in which the term of the President commences under section 101 of title 3, the head of each agency shall make available on the public website of the agency a strategic plan and notify the President and Congress of its availability. Such plan shall contain—

(1) a comprehensive mission statement covering the major functions and operations of the agency;

(2) general goals and objectives, including outcome-oriented goals, for the major functions and operations of the agency;

(3) a description of how any goals and objectives contribute to the Federal Government priority goals required by section 1120(a) of title 31;

(4) a description of how the goals and objectives are to be achieved, including—

(A) a description of the operational processes, skills and technology, and the human, capital, information, and other resources required to achieve those goals and objectives; and

(B) a description of how the agency is working with other agencies to achieve its goals and objectives as well as relevant Federal Government priority goals;

(5) a description of how the goals and objectives incorporate views and suggestions obtained through congressional consultations required under subsection (d);

(6) a description of how the performance goals provided in the plan required by section 1115(a) of title 31, including the agency priority goals required by section 1120(b) of title 31, if applicable, contribute to the general goals and objectives in the strategic plan;

(7) an identification of those key factors external to the agency and beyond its control that could significantly affect the achievement of the general goals and objectives;

(8) a description of the program evaluations used in establishing or revising general goals and objectives, with a schedule for future program evaluations to be conducted, and citations to relevant provisions of the plans required under section 312; and

(9) an assessment of the coverage, quality, methods, effectiveness, and independence of the statistics, evaluation, research, and analysis efforts of the agency, including—

(A) a list of the activities and operations of the agency that are currently being evaluated and analyzed;

(B) the extent to which the evaluations, research, and analysis efforts and related activities of the agency support the needs of various divisions within the agency;

(C) the extent to which the evaluation research and analysis efforts and related activities of the agency address an appropriate balance between needs related to organizational learning, ongoing program management, performance management, strategic management, interagency and private sector coordination, internal and external oversight, and accountability;

(D) the extent to which the agency uses methods and combinations of methods that are appropriate to agency divisions and the corresponding research questions being addressed, including an appropriate combination of formative and summative evaluation research and analysis approaches;

(E) the extent to which evaluation and research capacity is present within the agency to include personnel and agency processes for planning and implementing evaluation activities, disseminating best practices and findings, and incorporating employee views and feedback; and

(F) the extent to which the agency has the capacity to assist agency staff and program offices to develop the capacity to use evaluation research and analysis approaches and data in the day-to-day operations.

(b) The strategic plan shall cover a period of not less than 4 years following the fiscal year in which the plan is submitted. As needed, the head of the agency may make adjustments to the strategic plan to reflect significant changes in the environment in which the agency is operating, with appropriate notification of Congress.

(c) The performance plan required by section 1115(b) of title 31 shall be consistent with the agency's strategic plan. A performance plan may not be submitted for a fiscal year not covered by a current strategic plan under this section.

(d) When developing or making adjustments to a strategic plan, the agency shall consult periodically with the Congress, including majority and minority views from the appropriate authorizing, appropriations, and oversight committees, and shall solicit and consider the views and suggestions of those entities potentially affected by or interested in such a plan. The agency shall consult with the appropriate committees of Congress at least once every 2 years.

(e) The functions and activities of this section shall be considered to be inherently governmental functions. The drafting of strategic plans under this section shall be performed only by Federal employees.

(f) For purposes of this section the term "agency" means an Executive agency defined under section 105, but does not include the Central Intelligence Agency, the Government Accountability Office, the United States Postal Service, and the Postal Regulatory Commission.

(Added Pub. L. 111–352, §2, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3866; amended Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(c), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5533.)

A prior section 306, added Pub. L. 103–62, §3, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 286; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IX, §902, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 717; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241, related to strategic plans, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 111–352, §2, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3866.

**2019**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 115–435, §101(c)(1), substituted semicolon for "; and" at end.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 115–435, §101(c)(2), inserted ", and citations to relevant provisions of the plans required under section 312; and" after "to be conducted" and struck out period at end.

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 115–435, §101(c)(3), added par. (9).

Pub. L. 115–435, title IV, §403, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5557, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 14, 2019]."

Pub. L. 115–435, title IV, §401, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5556, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], or the amendments made by this Act, may be construed—

"(1) to require the disclosure of information or records that are exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the 'Freedom of Information Act');

"(2) to create or expand an exemption from disclosure under such section;

"(3) to override, limit, or otherwise affect intellectual property rights, including rights under titles 17 and 35, United States Code;

"(4) to affect the authority of a Federal agency regarding the use, disclosure, or licensing of—

"(A) confidential business information that could be withheld under section 552(b)(4) of title 5, United States Code; or

"(B) data assets restricted from disclosure under a contract or other binding, written agreement; or

"(5) to affect the independence, responsibilities, or work products of an Inspector General of any agency."

[For definition of "agency" as used in section 401 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out above, see section 101(e)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 311 of this title.]

Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(d), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5533, provided that: "Not later than 2 years after the date on which each strategic plan required under section 306(a) of title 5, United States Code, is published, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report that—

"(1) summarizes agency findings and highlights trends in the assessment conducted pursuant to subsection (a)(9) of section 306 of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (c); and

"(2) if appropriate, recommends actions to further improve agency capacity to use evaluation techniques and data to support evaluation efforts."

[For definitions of "agency" and "evaluation" as used in section 101(d) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out above, see section 101(e)(4) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 311 of this title.]

Pub. L. 115–435, title II, §202(g)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5544, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after [the] date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 14, 2019], and biennially thereafter, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall electronically publish a report on agency performance and compliance with this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act."

[For definition of "agency" as used in section 202(g)(2) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out above, see section 101(e)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 311 of this title.]

Pub. L. 115–435, title IV, §402, Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5557, provided that: "To the extent practicable, the head of each agency shall use existing procedures and systems to carry out agency requirements and shall select existing employees for appointments under this Act [see Short Title of 2019 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act."

[For definition of "agency" as used in section 402 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out above, see section 101(e)(4)(A) of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as a note under section 311 of this title.]

In this subchapter:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5530.)

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(e), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5534, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) issue guidance for program evaluation for agencies consistent with widely accepted standards for evaluation; and

"(B) identify best practices for evaluation that would improve Federal program evaluation.

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) identify key skills and competencies needed for program evaluation in an agency;

"(B) establish a new occupational series, or update and improve an existing occupational series, for program evaluation within an agency; and

"(C) establish a new career path for program evaluation within an agency.

"(4)

"(A)

"(B)

(a)

(1) A list of policy-relevant questions for which the agency intends to develop evidence to support policymaking.

(2) A list of data the agency intends to collect, use, or acquire to facilitate the use of evidence in policymaking.

(3) A list of methods and analytical approaches that may be used to develop evidence to support policymaking.

(4) A list of any challenges to developing evidence to support policymaking, including any statutory or other restrictions to accessing relevant data.

(5) A description of the steps the agency will take to accomplish paragraphs (1) and (2).

(6) Any other information as required by guidance issued by the Director.

(b)

(1) describe key questions for each significant evaluation study that the agency plans to begin in the next fiscal year;

(2) describe key information collections or acquisitions the agency plans to begin in the next fiscal year; and

(3) any 1 other information included in guidance issued by the Director under subsection (a)(6).

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5530.)

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1) continually assess the coverage, quality, methods, consistency, effectiveness, independence, and balance of the portfolio of evaluations, policy research, and ongoing evaluation activities of the agency;

(2) assess agency capacity to support the development and use of evaluation;

(3) establish and implement an agency evaluation policy; and

(4) coordinate, develop, and implement the plans required under section 312.

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5531.)

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5531.)

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1) One member who is an agency Chief Information Officer.

(2) One member who is an agency Chief Privacy Officer.

(3) One member who is an agency Chief Performance Officer.

(4) Three members who are agency Chief Data Officers.

(5) Three members who are agency Evaluation Officers.

(6) Three members who are members of the Interagency Council for Statistical Policy 1 established under section 3504(e)(8) of title 44.

(7) At least 10 members who are representatives of State and local governments and nongovernmental stakeholders with expertise in government data policy, privacy, technology, transparency policy, evaluation and research methodologies, and other relevant subjects, of whom—

(A) at least one shall have expertise in transparency policy;

(B) at least one shall have expertise in privacy policy;

(C) at least one shall have expertise in statistical data use;

(D) at least one shall have expertise in information management;

(E) at least one shall have expertise in information technology; and

(F) at least one shall be from the research and evaluation community.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(e)

(1) assist the Director in carrying out the duties of the Director under part D of subchapter III of chapter 35 of title 44;

(2) evaluate and provide recommendations to the Director on how to facilitate data sharing, enable data linkage, and develop privacy enhancing techniques; and

(3) review the coordination of data sharing or availability for evidence building across all agencies.

(f)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 115–435, title I, §101(a)(2), Jan. 14, 2019, 132 Stat. 5531.)

Section effective 180 days after Jan. 14, 2019, see section 403 of Pub. L. 115–435, set out as an Effective Date of 2019 Amendment note under section 306 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "Interagency Council on Statistical Policy".


In this chapter:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4207.)

This section was derived from section 12 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5202(b), 5272(10), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3227, 3241, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4207, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in paragraph (3) [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as paragraph (4) of this section] by inserting "except as otherwise expressly provided," before "the term"; and

(2) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph (4), by substituting "; and" for the period at the end of paragraph (5), and by adding at the end the following:

*"(6) the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—*

*"(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;*

*"(B) the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives; and*

*"(C) any other relevant congressional committee or subcommittee of jurisdiction."*

Section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452 began with "the term" in paragraphs (1) to (5) and ended with semicolons in paragraphs (1) to (3), "; and" in paragraph (4), and a period in paragraph (5). As restated by Pub. L. 117–286, the text of paragraphs (1) to (5) began with "The term" and all ended with periods.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

401 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §12) | Pub. L. 95–452, §12, formerly §11, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1109; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n)(3), (4), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(2), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(4), (5), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §150(a)(2), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §412(a)(2), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(c), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2515; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(h)(2), (3), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 101–73, title V, §501(b)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 102–233, title III, §315(a), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(4), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2407; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(l)(2), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 103–325, title I, §118(a), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, §4322(b)(1), (3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 677; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIII, §1314(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–776; Pub. L. 106–422, §1(b)(2), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 107–189, §22(a), (d), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 707, 708; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1701, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 110–234, title XIV, §14217(c), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title XIV, §14217(c), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2244; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1105(c), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2668; renumbered §12, Pub. L. 110–409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305; Pub. L. 113–126, title IV, §§402(2), 412(2), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1408, 1409; Pub. L. 115–141, div. P, title V, §501(a)(2), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1090. |


In paragraph (1), the words "Veterans Affairs" are inserted in the list of Departments, and the words "Veterans' Administration" are deleted from the list of Administrations, to update obsolete references in the law.

In paragraph (1), the words "the Resolution Trust Corporation" have been omitted as obsolete because section 21A(m)(1) of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1441a(m)(1)) provided for termination of the Resolution Trust Corporation not later than December 31, 1995, and the authority and responsibilities of the Resolution Trust Corporation were transferred to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 40(n)(4) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1831q(n)(4)).

In paragraphs (1) and (3), the words "of the United States" are inserted after "Export-Import Bank" to correct errors in the law.

In paragraph (3), the words "Veterans Affairs" are inserted in the list of Secretaries, and the words "Veterans' Affairs" are deleted from the list of Administrators, to update obsolete references in the law.

In paragraph (3), the words "the Director of" are inserted before "the Office of Personnel Management" to correct an error in the law. The Office of Personnel Management is headed by a director (rather than an administrator) as provided in section 1102(a) of title 5, United States Code.

In paragraph (3), the words "the Chairperson of the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board" are omitted because the Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board was abolished by section 14(a) through (d) of the Homeowners Protection Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–216, 112 Stat. 908).

In paragraph (3), the words "the chief executive officer of the Resolution Trust Corporation" are omitted because section 21A(m)(1) of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act (12 U.S.C. 1441a(m)(1)) provided for termination of the Resolution Trust Corporation not later than December 31, 1995, and the authority and responsibilities of the Resolution Trust Corporation were transferred to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation under section 40(n)(4) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1831q(n)(4)).

Pub. L. 95–452, §13, formerly §12, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1109, renumbered §13 by Pub. L. 110–409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this Act [amending sections 5315 and 5316 of this title and section 3522 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect October 1, 1978."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5201, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3222, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§5201–5204) of title LII of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Securing Inspector General Independence Act of 2022'."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5231, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3234, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle C (§§5231–5237) of title LII of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Integrity Committee Transparency Act of 2022'."

Pub. L. 115–192, §1, June 25, 2018, 132 Stat. 1502, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Whistleblower Protection Coordination Act'."

Pub. L. 114–317, §1(a), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1595, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Inspector General Empowerment Act of 2016'."

Pub. L. 110–409, §1, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Inspector General Reform Act of 2008'."

Pub. L. 109–440, §1, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3286, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Iraq Reconstruction Accountability Act of 2006'."

Pub. L. 105–272, title VII, §701(a), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2413, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Intelligence Community Whistleblower Protection Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §101, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2515, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988'."

Pub. L. 95–452, §1, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] be cited as the 'Inspector General Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101[(a)] [title IV], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321, 1321–37; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, provided: "That notwithstanding any other provision of law, (1) the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Information Agency is hereby merged with the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State; (2) the functions exercised and assigned to the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Information Agency before the effective date of this Act [Apr. 26, 1996] (including all related functions) are transferred to the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of State; and (3) the Inspector General of the Department of State shall also serve as the Inspector General of the United States Information Agency."

[Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(a) [title IV], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009, 3009–47, provided in part: "That notwithstanding any other provision of law, the merger of the Office of Inspector General of the United States Information Agency with the Office of Inspector General of the Department of State provided for in the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1996, contained in Public Law 104–134 [set out above], is effective hereafter."]

[For abolition of Office of Inspector General of the United States Information Agency and transfer of functions to Office of Inspector General of Department of State and Foreign Service, see section 6533 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §112, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2530, provided that: "Any authority to make payments under this title [see Tables for classification] shall be effective only to such extent as provided in appropriations Acts."

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) an Office of Inspector General of the Department of the Treasury; and

(B) an Office of Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration.

(b)

(1) to conduct and supervise audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations of the establishments listed in section 401(1) of this title;

(2) to provide leadership and coordination and recommend policies for activities designed—

(A) to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of those programs and operations; and

(B) to prevent and detect fraud and abuse in those programs and operations; and

(3) to provide a means for keeping the head of the establishments and Congress fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of those programs and operations and the necessity for and progress of corrective action.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4208.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

402 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §2) | Pub. L. 95–452, §2, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n)(1), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1544; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(1), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §150(a)(1), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 99–399, title IV, §412(a)(1), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(a), (b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2515; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(h)(1), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 110–409, §7(d)(1)(A), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313. |


(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Auditing who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of auditing activities relating to programs and operations of the establishment;

(B) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Investigations who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of investigative activities relating to such programs and operations; and

(C) designate a Whistleblower Protection Coordinator who shall—

(i) educate agency employees—

(I) about prohibitions against retaliation for protected disclosures; and

(II) who have made or are contemplating making a protected disclosure about the rights and remedies against retaliation for protected disclosures, including—

(aa) the means by which employees may seek review of any allegation of reprisal, including the roles of the Office of the Inspector General, the Office of Special Counsel, the Merit Systems Protection Board, and any other relevant entities; and

(bb) general information about the timeliness of such cases, the availability of any alternative dispute mechanisms, and avenues for potential relief;

(ii) assist the Inspector General in promoting the timely and appropriate handling and consideration of protected disclosures and allegations of reprisal, to the extent practicable, by the Inspector General; and

(iii) assist the Inspector General in facilitating communication and coordination with the Special Counsel, the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency, the establishment, Congress, and any other relevant entity regarding the timely and appropriate handling and consideration of protected disclosures, allegations of reprisal, and general matters regarding the implementation and administration of whistleblower protection laws, rules, and regulations.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) any agency that is an element of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4))); or

(B) as determined by the President, any executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counter intelligence activities.

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4208.)

This section was derived from section 3 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 3 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5202(a)(1), 5203(a), 5204(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3222, 3227, 3233, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4208, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 3 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) by inserting "(1)(A)" after "(b)";

(B) in paragraph (1), as so designated—

(i) in subparagraph (A), as so designated, in the second sentence—

(I) by striking "reasons" and inserting "substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons,"; and

(II) by inserting "(including to the appropriate congressional committees)" after "Houses of Congress"; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

*"(B) If there is an open or completed inquiry into an Inspector General that relates to the removal or transfer of the Inspector General under subparagraph (A), the written communication required under that subparagraph shall—*

*"(i) identify each entity that is conducting, or that conducted, the inquiry; and*

*"(ii) in the case of a completed inquiry, contain the findings made during the inquiry."; and*

(C) by adding at the end the following:

*"(2)(A) Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, only the President may place an Inspector General on non-duty status.*

*"(B) If the President places an Inspector General on non-duty status, the President shall communicate in writing the substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons, for the change in status to both Houses of Congress (including to the appropriate congressional committees) not later than 15 days before the date on which the change in status takes effect, except that the President may submit that communication not later than the date on which the change in status takes effect if—*

*"(i) the President has made a determination that the continued presence of the Inspector General in the workplace poses a threat described in any of clauses (i) through (iv) of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(ii) in the communication, the President includes a report on the determination described in clause (i), which shall include—*

*"(I) a specification of which clause of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, the President has determined applies under clause (i) of this subparagraph;*

*"(II) the substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons, for the determination made under clause (i);*

*"(III) an identification of each entity that is conducting, or that conducted, any inquiry upon which the determination under clause (i) was made; and*

*"(IV) in the case of an inquiry described in subclause (III) that is completed, the findings made during that inquiry.*

*"(C) The President may not place an Inspector General on non-duty status during the 30-day period preceding the date on which the Inspector General is removed or transferred under paragraph (1)(A) unless the President—*

*"(i) has made a determination that the continued presence of the Inspector General in the workplace poses a threat described in any of clauses (i) through (iv) of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(ii) not later than the date on which the change in status takes effect, submits to both Houses of Congress (including to the appropriate congressional committees) a written communication that contains the information required under subparagraph (B), including the report required under clause (ii) of that subparagraph.*

*"(D) For the purposes of this paragraph—*

*"(i) the term 'Inspector General'—*

*"(I) means an Inspector General who was appointed by the President, without regard to whether the Senate provided advice and consent with respect to that appointment; and*

*"(II) includes the Inspector General of an establishment, the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery; and*

*"(ii) a reference to the removal or transfer of an Inspector General under paragraph (1), or to the written communication described in that paragraph, shall be considered to be—*

*"(I) in the case of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, a reference to section 1229(c)(6) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110-181; 122 Stat. 378);*

*"(II) in the case of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, a reference to section 121(b)(4) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5231(b)(4)); and*

*"(III) in the case of the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery, a reference to section 4018(b)(3) of the CARES Act (15 U.S.C. 9053(b)(3)).";*

(2) in subsection (d)(1)(C)—

(A) in clause (i), in the matter preceding subclause (I), by inserting ", including employees of that Office of Inspector General" after "employees"; and

(B) in clause (iii), by inserting "(including the Integrity Committee of that Council)" after "and Efficiency"; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

*"(h)(1) In this subsection—*

*"(A) the term 'first assistant to the position of Inspector General' means, with respect to an Office of Inspector General—*

*"(i) an individual who, as of the day before the date on which the Inspector General dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes unable to perform the functions and duties of that position—*

*"(I) is serving in a position in that Office; and*

*"(II) has been designated in writing by the Inspector General, through an order of succession or otherwise, as the first assistant to the position of Inspector General; or*

*"(ii) if the Inspector General has not made a designation described in clause (i)(II)—*

*"(I) the Principal Deputy Inspector General of that Office, as of the day before the date on which the Inspector General dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes unable to perform the functions and duties of that position; or*

*"(II) if there is no Principal Deputy Inspector General of that Office, the Deputy Inspector General of that Office, as of the day before the date on which the Inspector General dies, resigns, or otherwise becomes unable to perform the functions and duties of that position; and*

*"(B) the term 'Inspector General'—*

*"(i) means an Inspector General who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and*

*"(ii) includes the Inspector General of an establishment, the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, and the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery.*

*"(2) If an Inspector General dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to perform the functions and duties of the position—*

*"(A) section 3345(a) of title 5, United States Code, and section 103(e) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3025(e)) shall not apply;*

*"(B) subject to paragraph (4), the first assistant to the position of Inspector General shall perform the functions and duties of the Inspector General temporarily in an acting capacity subject to the time limitations of section 3346 of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(C) notwithstanding subparagraph (B), and subject to paragraphs (4) and (5), the President (and only the President) may direct an officer or employee of any Office of an Inspector General to perform the functions and duties of the Inspector General temporarily in an acting capacity subject to the time limitations of section 3346 of title 5, United States Code, only if—*

*"(i) during the 365-day period preceding the date of death, resignation, or beginning of inability to serve of the Inspector General, the officer or employee served in a position in an Office of an Inspector General for not less than 90 days, except that—*

*"(I) the requirement under this clause shall not apply if the officer is an Inspector General; and*

*"(II) for the purposes of this subparagraph, performing the functions and duties of an Inspector General temporarily in an acting capacity does not qualify as service in a position in an Office of an Inspector General;*

*"(ii) the rate of pay for the position of the officer or employee described in clause (i) is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of pay payable for a position at GS-15 of the General Schedule;*

*"(iii) the officer or employee has demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations; and*

*"(iv) not later than 30 days before the date on which the direction takes effect, the President communicates in writing to both Houses of Congress (including to the appropriate congressional committees) the substantive rationale, including the detailed and case-specific reasons, for such direction, including the reason for the direction that someone other than the individual who is performing the functions and duties of the Inspector General temporarily in an acting capacity (as of the date on which the President issues that direction) perform those functions and duties temporarily in an acting capacity.*

*"(3) Notwithstanding section 3345(a) of title 5, United States Code, and subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (2), and subject to paragraph (4), during any period in which an Inspector General is on non-duty status—*

*"(A) the first assistant to the position of Inspector General shall perform the functions and duties of the position temporarily in an acting capacity subject to the time limitations of section 3346 of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(B) if the first assistant described in subparagraph (A) dies, resigns, or becomes otherwise unable to perform those functions and duties, the President (and only the President) may direct an officer or employee in that Office of Inspector General to perform those functions and duties temporarily in an acting capacity, subject to the time limitations of section 3346 of title 5, United States Code, if—*

*"(i) that direction satisfies the requirements under clauses (ii), (iii), and (iv) of paragraph (2)(C); and*

*"(ii) that officer or employee served in a position in that Office of Inspector General for not fewer than 90 of the 365 days preceding the date on which the President makes that direction.*

*"(4) An individual may perform the functions and duties of an Inspector General temporarily and in an acting capacity under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (2), or under paragraph (3), with respect to only 1 Inspector General position at any given time.*

*"(5) If the President makes a direction under paragraph (2)(C), during the 30-day period preceding the date on which the direction of the President takes effect, the functions and duties of the position of the applicable Inspector General shall be performed by—*

*"(A) the first assistant to the position of Inspector General; or*

*"(B) the individual performing those functions and duties temporarily in an acting capacity, as of the date on which the President issues that direction, if that individual is an individual other than the first assistant to the position of Inspector General."*

As enacted by Pub. L. 117–286, subsection (b) of this section contains a heading after the subsection designation. The amendment inserting "(1)(A)" after "(b)" in section 3(b) of Pub. L. 95–452 amended text that did not contain a subsection heading.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

403 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) | Pub. L. 95–452, §3, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1101; Pub. L. 110–409, §§3(a), 4(a)(1), 5, 6(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, 4305; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §117(a), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1474; Pub. L. 114–317, §7(d)(3)(A), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1606; Pub. L. 115–192, §2(a), June 25, 2018, 132 Stat. 1502. |


In subsection (d)(4) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "Whistleblower Protection Coordinator" are substituted for "Whistleblower Protection Ombudsman" to correct an error in the law.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5203(e), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3233, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5203(d), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3233, provided that: "Nothing in the amendment made by subsection (a) [adding subsec. (h) to section 3 of Pub. L. 95–452 (restated as this section), see Amendments Not Shown in Text note above] may be construed to limit the applicability of sections 3345 through 3349d of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the 'Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998'), other than with respect to section 3345(a) of that title."

Pub. L. 110–409, §6(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(5), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by this section [amending former sections 3 and 8G of Pub. L. 95–452, see 5 U.S.C. 403, 415] shall be construed to alter the duties and responsibilities of the counsel for any establishment or designated Federal entity, except for the availability of counsel as provided under sections 403(g) and 415(g) of title 5, United States Code. The Counsel to the Inspector General shall perform such functions as the Inspector General may prescribe."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §101, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–584, as amended by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §239(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–302; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(7), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, related to the appointment by the President of an Acting Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration whose service was to conclude no later than Apr. 30, 1999.

[Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §239(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–302, provided that the amendment made by subsection §239(a) to section 101 of Pub. L. 105–277 was effective as if included in the enactment of Pub. L. 105–277.]

(a)

(1) to provide policy direction for and to conduct, supervise, and coordinate audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations of the establishment;

(2) to review existing and proposed legislation and regulations relating to programs and operations of the establishment and to make recommendations in the semiannual reports required by section 405(b) of this title concerning the impact of the legislation and regulations on the economy and efficiency in the administration of programs and operations administered or financed by the establishment, or the prevention and detection of fraud and abuse in the programs and operations;

(3) to recommend policies for, and to conduct, supervise, or coordinate other activities carried out or financed by, the establishment for the purpose of promoting economy and efficiency in the administration of, or preventing and detecting fraud and abuse in, its programs and operations;

(4) to recommend policies for the establishment, and to conduct, supervise, or coordinate relationships between the establishment and other Federal agencies, State and local governmental agencies, and nongovernmental entities, with respect to—

(A) all matters relating to the promotion of economy and efficiency in the administration of, or the prevention and detection of fraud and abuse in, programs and operations administered or financed by the establishment; or

(B) the identification and prosecution of participants in fraud or abuse referred to in subparagraph (A); and

(5) to keep the head of the establishment and Congress fully and currently informed, by means of the reports required by section 405 of this title and otherwise, concerning fraud and other serious problems, abuses, and deficiencies relating to the administration of programs and operations administered or financed by the establishment, to recommend corrective action concerning the problems, abuses, and deficiencies, and to report on the progress made in implementing the corrective action.

(b)

(1)

(A) comply with standards established by the Comptroller General of the United States for audits of Federal establishments, organizations, programs, activities, and functions;

(B) establish guidelines for determining when it shall be appropriate to use non-Federal auditors; and

(C) take appropriate steps to ensure that any work performed by non-Federal auditors complies with the standards established by the Comptroller General as described in paragraph (1).1

(2)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(A) shall submit the document making a recommendation for corrective action to—

(i) the head of the establishment;

(ii) the congressional committees of jurisdiction; and

(iii) if the recommendation for corrective action was initiated upon request by an individual or entity other than the Inspector General, that individual or entity;

(B) may submit the document making a recommendation for corrective action to any Member of Congress upon request; and

(C) not later than 3 days after the recommendation for corrective action is submitted in final form to the head of the establishment, post the document making a recommendation for corrective action on the website of the Office of Inspector General.

(2)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4210.)

This section was derived from section 4 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 4 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5273(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3241, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4210, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 4 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended in subsection (a)(2) as follows:

(1) by inserting ", including" after "to make recommendations"; and

(2) by inserting a comma after "section 5(a)".

The phrase "section 5(a)" did not appear in the text of subsection (a)(2) as enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 but was changed to "section 405(b) of this title".

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404 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §4) | Pub. L. 95–452, §4, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1102; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §109, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(5)(A), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–409, §7(d)(1)(A), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313; Pub. L. 114–317, §§4(d), 7(d)(2)(A), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1602, 1606 |


In subsection (a)(4) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "the establishment" are inserted after "to recommend policies for" and a comma is inserted after "and nongovernmental entities" for clarity.

In subsection (b)(1)(C), the word "ensure" is substituted for "assure" for clarity.

In subsection (c), the word "ensuring" is substituted for "insuring" for clarity.

Paragraph (1), referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), means par. (1) of subsec. (b) of this section, but probably should be a reference to subpar. (A) of subsec. (b)(1) of this section. Prior to repeal and restatement as this section, subsec. (b)(1) of the source section had been redesignated as subsec. (b)(1)(A) by Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §109(1), (2), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529, with no conforming amendment to the reference, and the restated text carried over such reference without change.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) the completion of all actions that the management of an establishment has concluded, in its management decision, are necessary with respect to the findings and recommendations included in an audit report; and

(B) in the event that the management of an establishment concludes no action is necessary, final action occurs when a management decision has been made.

(3)

(4)

(A) an alleged violation of a provision of a law, regulation, contract, grant, cooperative agreement, or other agreement or document governing the expenditure of funds;

(B) a finding that, at the time of the audit, the cost is not supported by adequate documentation; or

(C) a finding that the expenditure of funds for the intended purpose is unnecessary or unreasonable.

(5)

(A) reductions in outlays;

(B) deobligation of funds from programs or operations;

(C) withdrawal of interest subsidy costs on loans or loan guarantees, insurance, or bonds;

(D) costs not incurred by implementing recommended improvements related to the operations of the establishment, a contractor, or grantee;

(E) avoidance of unnecessary expenditures noted in preaward reviews of contract or grant agreements; or

(F) any other savings which are specifically identified.

(6)

(A) an officer or employee in the executive branch (including a special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18) who occupies a position classified at or above GS–15 of the General Schedule or, in the case of positions not under the General Schedule, for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; and

(B) any commissioned officer in the Armed Forces in pay grades O–6 and above.

(7)

(b)

(1) a description of significant problems, abuses, and deficiencies relating to the administration of programs and operations of such establishment disclosed by such activities during the reporting period;

(2) a description of the recommendations for corrective action made by the Office during the reporting period with respect to significant problems, abuses, or deficiencies identified pursuant to paragraph (1);

(3) an identification of each significant recommendation described in previous semiannual reports on which corrective action has not been completed;

(4) a summary of matters referred to prosecutive authorities and the prosecutions and convictions which have resulted;

(5) a summary of each report made to the head of the establishment under section 406(c)(2) of this title during the reporting period;

(6) a listing, subdivided according to subject matter, of each audit report, inspection report, and evaluation report issued by the Office during the reporting period and for each report, where applicable, the total dollar value of questioned costs (including a separate category for the dollar value of unsupported costs) and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use;

(7) a summary of each particularly significant report;

(8) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation reports and the total dollar value of questioned costs (including a separate category for the dollar value of unsupported costs), for reports—

(A) for which no management decision had been made by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) which were issued during the reporting period;

(C) for which a management decision was made during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of disallowed costs; and

(ii) the dollar value of costs not disallowed; and

(D) for which no management decision has been made by the end of the reporting period;

(9) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation reports and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use by management, for reports—

(A) for which no management decision had been made by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) which were issued during the reporting period;

(C) for which a management decision was made during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of recommendations that were agreed to by management; and

(ii) the dollar value of recommendations that were not agreed to by management; and

(D) for which no management decision has been made by the end of the reporting period;

(10) a summary of each audit report, inspection report, and evaluation report issued before the commencement of the reporting period—

(A) for which no management decision has been made by the end of the reporting period (including the date and title of each such report), an explanation of the reasons such management decision has not been made, and a statement concerning the desired timetable for achieving a management decision on each such report;

(B) for which no establishment comment was returned within 60 days of providing the report to the establishment; and

(C) for which there are any outstanding unimplemented recommendations, including the aggregate potential cost savings of those recommendations;

(11) a description and explanation of the reasons for any significant revised management decision made during the reporting period;

(12) information concerning any significant management decision with which the Inspector General is in disagreement;

(13) the information described under section 804(b) of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–208, §101(f) [title VIII], 31 U.S.C. 3512 note);

(14)(A) an appendix containing the results of any peer review conducted by another Office of Inspector General during the reporting period; or

(B) if no peer review was conducted within that reporting period, a statement identifying the date of the last peer review conducted by another Office of Inspector General;

(15) a list of any outstanding recommendations from any peer review conducted by another Office of Inspector General that have not been fully implemented, including a statement describing the status of the implementation and why implementation is not complete;

(16) a list of any peer reviews conducted by the Inspector General of another Office of the Inspector General during the reporting period, including a list of any outstanding recommendations made from any previous peer review (including any peer review conducted before the reporting period) that remain outstanding or have not been fully implemented;

(17) statistical tables showing—

(A) the total number of investigative reports issued during the reporting period;

(B) the total number of persons referred to the Department of Justice for criminal prosecution during the reporting period;

(C) the total number of persons referred to State and local prosecuting authorities for criminal prosecution during the reporting period; and

(D) the total number of indictments and criminal informations during the reporting period that resulted from any prior referral to prosecuting authorities;

(18) a description of the metrics used for developing the data for the statistical tables under paragraph (17);

(19) a report on each investigation conducted by the Office involving a senior Government employee where allegations of misconduct were substantiated, including the name of the senior government official (as defined by the department or agency) if already made public by the Office, and a detailed description of—

(A) the facts and circumstances of the investigation; and

(B) the status and disposition of the matter, including—

(i) if the matter was referred to the Department of Justice, the date of the referral; and

(ii) if the Department of Justice declined the referral, the date of the declination;

(20)(A) a detailed description of any instance of whistleblower retaliation, including information about the official found to have engaged in retaliation; and

(B) what, if any, consequences the establishment actually imposed to hold the official described in subparagraph (A) accountable;

(21) a detailed description of any attempt by the establishment to interfere with the independence of the Office, including—

(A) with budget constraints designed to limit the capabilities of the Office; and

(B) incidents where the establishment has resisted or objected to oversight activities of the Office or restricted or significantly delayed access to information, including the justification of the establishment for such action; and

(22) detailed descriptions of the particular circumstances of each—

(A) inspection, evaluation, and audit conducted by the Office that is closed and was not disclosed to the public; and

(B) investigation conducted by the Office involving a senior Government employee that is closed and was not disclosed to the public.

(c)

(1) any comments the head of the establishment determines appropriate;

(2) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation reports and the dollar value of disallowed costs, for reports—

(A) for which final action had not been taken by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) on which management decisions were made during the reporting period;

(C) for which final action was taken during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of disallowed costs that were recovered by management through collection, offset, property in lieu of cash, or otherwise; and

(ii) the dollar value of disallowed costs that were written off by management; and

(D) for which no final action has been taken by the end of the reporting period;

(3) statistical tables showing the total number of audit reports, inspection reports, and evaluation reports and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use by management agreed to in a management decision, for reports—

(A) for which final action had not been taken by the commencement of the reporting period;

(B) on which management decisions were made during the reporting period;

(C) for which final action was taken during the reporting period, including—

(i) the dollar value of recommendations that were actually completed; and

(ii) the dollar value of recommendations that management has subsequently concluded should not or could not be implemented or completed; and

(D) for which no final action has been taken by the end of the reporting period;

(4) whether the establishment entered into a settlement agreement with the official described in subsection (b)(20)(A), which shall be reported regardless of any confidentiality agreement relating to the settlement agreement; and

(5) a statement with respect to audit reports on which management decisions have been made but final action has not been taken, other than audit reports on which a management decision was made within the preceding year, containing—

(A) a list of such audit reports and the date each such report was issued;

(B) the dollar value of disallowed costs for each report;

(C) the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use agreed to by management for each report; and

(D) an explanation of the reasons final action has not been taken with respect to each audit report,

except that the statement may exclude any audit reports that are under formal administrative or judicial appeal or upon which management of an establishment has agreed to pursue a legislative solution, but the statement shall identify the number of reports in each category so excluded.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law;

(B) specifically required by Executive order to be protected from disclosure in the interest of national defense or national security or in the conduct of foreign affairs; or

(C) a part of an ongoing criminal investigation.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4212.)

This section was derived from section 5 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 5 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5235, 5241, 5272(1), 5273(2), 5274(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3236, 3237, 3239, 3241, 3244, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4212, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 5 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (a) [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsection (b) of this section]—

(A) by striking paragraphs (1) through (12) and inserting the following:

*"(1) a description of significant problems, abuses, and deficiencies relating to the administration of programs and operations of the establishment and associated reports and recommendations for corrective action made by the Office;*

*"(2) an identification of each recommendation made before the reporting period, for which corrective action has not been completed, including the potential costs savings associated with the recommendation;*

*"(3) a summary of significant investigations closed during the reporting period;*

*"(4) an identification of the total number of convictions during the reporting period resulting from investigations;*

*"(5) information regarding each audit, inspection, or evaluation report issued during the reporting period, including—*

*"(A) a listing of each audit, inspection, or evaluation;*

*"(B) if applicable, the total dollar value of questioned costs (including a separate category for the dollar value of unsupported costs) and the dollar value of recommendations that funds be put to better use, including whether a management decision had been made by the end of the reporting period;*

*"(6) information regarding any management decision made during the reporting period with respect to any audit, inspection, or evaluation issued during a previous reporting period;";*

(B) by redesignating paragraphs (13) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (16), respectively;

(C) by amending paragraph (13), as so redesignated, to read as follows:

*"(13) a report on each investigation conducted by the Office where allegations of misconduct were substantiated involving a senior Government employee or senior official (as defined by the Office) if the establishment does not have senior Government employees, which shall include—*

*"(A) the name of the senior Government employee, if already made public by the Office; and*

*"(B) a detailed description of—*

*"(i) the facts and circumstances of the investigation; and*

*"(ii) the status and disposition of the matter, including—*

*"(I) if the matter was referred to the Department of Justice, the date of the referral; and*

*"(II) if the Department of Justice declined the referral, the date of the declination;"; and*

(D) by amending paragraph (15), as so redesignated, to read as follows:

*"(15) information related to interference by the establishment, including—*

*"(A) a detailed description of any attempt by the establishment to interfere with the independence of the Office, including—*

*"(i) with budget constraints designed to limit the capabilities of the Office; and*

*"(ii) incidents where the establishment has resisted or objected to oversight activities of the Office or restricted or significantly delayed access to information, including the justification of the establishment for such action; and*

*"(B) a summary of each report made to the head of the establishment under section 6(c)(2) during the reporting period;";*

(2) in subsection (b) [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsection (c) of this section]—

(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking "committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "congressional committees";

(B) by striking paragraphs (2) and (3) and inserting the following:

*"(2) where final action on audit, inspection, and evaluation reports had not been taken before the commencement of the reporting period, statistical tables showing—*

*"(A) with respect to management decisions—*

*"(i) for each report, whether a management decision was made during the reporting period;*

*"(ii) if a management decision was made during the reporting period, the dollar value of disallowed costs and funds to be put to better use as agreed to in the management decision; and*

*"(iii) total number of reports where a management decision was made during the reporting period and the total corresponding dollar value of disallowed costs and funds to be put to better use as agreed to in the management decision; and*

*"(B) with respect to final actions—*

*"(i) whether, if a management decision was made before the end of the reporting period, final action was taken during the reporting period;*

*"(ii) if final action was taken, the dollar value of—*

*"(I) disallowed costs that were recovered by management through collection, offset, property in lieu of cash, or otherwise;*

*"(II) disallowed costs that were written off by management;*

*"(III) disallowed costs and funds to be put to better use not yet recovered or written off by management;*

*"(IV) recommendations that were completed; and*

*"(V) recommendations that management has subsequently concluded should not or could not be implemented or completed; and*

*"(iii) total number of reports where final action was not taken and total number of reports where final action was taken, including the total corresponding dollar value of disallowed costs and funds to be put to better use as agreed to in the management decisions;";*

(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (3);

(D) in paragraph (3), as so redesignated, by striking "subsection (a)(20)(A)" [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as "subsection (b)(20)(A)"] and inserting "subsection (a)(14)(A)" [probably should be "subsection (b)(14)(A)"]; and

(E) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following:

*"(4) a statement explaining why final action has not been taken with respect to each audit, inspection, and evaluation report in which a management decision has been made but final action has not yet been taken, except that such statement—*

*"(A) may exclude reports if—*

*"(i) a management decision was made within the preceding year; or*

*"(ii) the report is under formal administrative or judicial appeal or management of the establishment has agreed to pursue a legislative solution; and*

*"(B) shall identify the number of reports in each category so excluded.";*

(3) in subsection (d) [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsection (e) of this section], by striking "committees or subcommittees of Congress" and inserting "congressional committees";

(4) by redesignating subsections (e) and (f) [enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsections (f) and (a) of this section, respectively] as subsections (g) and (h), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (d) the following:

*"(e) ADDITIONAL REPORTS.—*

*"(1) REPORT TO INSPECTOR GENERAL*.—

*"(2) REPORT TO PRESIDENT, CONGRESS, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT*.—

*"(A) the report received under paragraph (1); and*

*"(B) a report by the Inspector General containing any comments the Inspector General determines appropriate.";*

(5) by inserting after subsection (e), as added by section "5625" of title LII of Pub. L. 117–263 [probably should be section "5235"], the following:

*"(f)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), not later than 15 days after an Inspector General is removed, placed on paid or unpaid nonduty status, or transferred to another position or location within an establishment, the officer or employee performing the functions and duties of the Inspector General temporarily in an acting capacity shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees information regarding work being conducted by the Office as of the date on which the Inspector General was removed, placed on paid or unpaid non-duty status, or transferred, which shall include—*

*"(A) for each investigation—*

*"(i) the type of alleged offense;*

*"(ii) the fiscal quarter in which the Office initiated the investigation;*

*"(iii) the relevant Federal agency, including the relevant component of that Federal agency for any Federal agency listed in section 901(b) of title 31, United States Code, under investigation or affiliated with the individual or entity under investigation; and*

*"(iv) whether the investigation is administrative, civil, criminal, or a combination thereof, if known; and*

*"(B) for any work not described in subparagraph (A)—*

*"(i) a description of the subject matter and scope;*

*"(ii) the relevant agency, including the relevant component of that Federal agency, under review;*

*"(iii) the date on which the Office initiated the work; and*

*"(iv) the expected time frame for completion.*

*"(2) With respect to an inspector general of an element of the intelligence community specified in section 8G(d)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), the submission required by paragraph (1) shall only be made to the committees of Congress specified in section 8G(d)(2)(E)." [section 8G(d)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 restated by Pub. L. 117–286 as section 415(d)(2) of this title];*

(6) by adding at the end of subsection (g) [corresponding to subsection (f) of this section], as redesignated by section "5625" of title LII of Pub. L. 117–263 [probably should be section "5235"] the following:

*"(6)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), if an audit, evaluation, inspection, or other non-investigative report prepared by an Inspector General specifically identifies a specific non-governmental organization or business entity, whether or not the non-governmental organization or business entity is the subject of that audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report—*

*"(i) the Inspector General shall notify the non-governmental organization or business entity;*

*"(ii) the non-governmental organization or business entity shall have—*

*"(I) 30 days to review the audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report beginning on the date of publication of the audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report; and*

*"(II) the opportunity to submit a written response for the purpose of clarifying or providing additional context as it directly relates to each instance wherein an audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report specifically identifies that non-governmental organization or business entity; and*

*"(iii) if a written response is submitted under clause (ii)(II) within the 30-day period described in clause (ii)(I)—*

*"(I) the written response shall be attached to the audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report; and*

*"(II) in every instance where the report may appear on the public-facing website of the Inspector General, the website shall be updated in order to access a version of the audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report that includes the written response.*

*"(B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to a non-governmental organization or business entity that refused to provide information or assistance sought by an Inspector General during the creation of the audit, evaluation, inspection, or non-investigative report.*

*"(C) An Inspector General shall review any written response received under subparagraph (A) for the purpose of preventing the improper disclosure of classified information or other non-public information, consistent with applicable laws, rules, and regulations, and, if necessary, redact such information."; and*

(7) by redesignating subsection (h) [corresponding to subsection (a) of this section], as redesignated by section "5625" of title LII of Pub. L. 117–263 [probably should be section "5235"], as subsection (i) and by inserting after subsection (g), as redesignated by section "5625" of title LII of Pub. L. 117–263 [probably should be section "5235"], the following:

*"(h) If an Office has published any portion of the report or information required under subsection (a) to the website of the Office or on oversight.gov, the Office may elect to provide links to the relevant webpage or website in the report of the Office under subsection (a) in lieu of including the information in that report." [subsection (a) restated by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsection (b) of this section]*

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

405 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §5) | Pub. L. 95–452, §5, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1103; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 752; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §§102(g), 106, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2521, 2525; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VIII, §805(c)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–393; Pub. L. 110–409, §12, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4315; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §989C, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1945; Pub. L. 114–317, §§4(c), 7(d)(2)(B), (C), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1600, 1606; Pub. L. 115–192, §2(c), June 25, 2018, 132 Stat. 1503; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §1710, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1801. |


In subsection (b)(6), the words "inspection report, and evaluation report" are substituted for "inspection reports, and evaluation reports" to correct typographical errors in the law.

In subsection (b)(10) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "inspection report, and evaluation report" are substituted for "inspection reports, and evaluation reports" to correct typographical errors in the law.

In subsection (b)(10), at the end of subparagraph (C), a semicolon is substituted for the period to correct a typographical error in the law.

In subsection (b)(13), the parenthetical "(Public Law 104–208, Sec. 101(f) [title VIII], 31 U.S.C. 3512 note)" is inserted after "section 804(b) of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996" for clarity.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Commissioned officer pay grades O–6 and above, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(B), is described in section 201 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, and is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section 804(b) of the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996, referred to in subsec. (b)(13), is section 101(f) [title VIII, §804(b)] of title I of Pub. L. 104–208, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–392, which is set out in a note under section 3512 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5274(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3245, provided that: "During the 30-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022]—

"(1) the amendment made by subsection (a) [adding par. (6) to section 5(g) of Pub. L. 95–452 (restated as subsec. (f) of this section), see Amendments Not Shown in Text note above] shall apply upon the request of a non-governmental organization or business entity named in an audit, evaluation, inspection, or other non-investigative report prepared on or after January 1, 2019; and

"(2) any written response submitted under clause (iii) of section 5(g)(6)(A) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), as added by subsection (a), with respect to such an audit, evaluation, inspection, or other non-investigative report shall attach to the original report in the manner described in that clause."

Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §989H, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1948, provided that: "The Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Chairman of the National Credit Union Administration, the Director of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, and the Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission shall each—

"(1) take action to address deficiencies identified by a report or investigation of the Inspector General of the establishment concerned; or

"(2) certify to both Houses of Congress that no action is necessary or appropriate in connection with a deficiency described in paragraph (1)."

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VIII, §845, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 240, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(8), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) a list of such contract audit reports;

"(B) for each audit report, a brief description of the nature of the significant audit findings in the report; and

"(C) for each audit report, the specific amounts of costs identified as unsupported, questioned, or disallowed.

"(3)

"(B) For each element required by paragraph (2), the Inspector General concerned shall note each instance where information has been redacted in accordance with the requirements of section 552(b) of title 5, United States Code, and submit an unredacted annex to the committees listed in subsection (d)(2) within 7 days after the issuance of the semiannual report.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) The Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives.

"(B) The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate.

"(C) The Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

"(D) With respect to the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy, the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives.

"(E) The Committees of primary jurisdiction over the agency or department to which the request is made.

"(e)

"(f)

"(1)

"(A) unsupported, questioned, or disallowed costs in an amount in excess of $10,000,000; or

"(B) other findings that the Inspector General of the agency or department concerned determines to be significant.

"(2)

Pub. L. 103–355, title VI, §6009, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3367, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VIII, §810, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(9), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) The head of a Federal agency shall make management decisions on all findings and recommendations set forth in an audit report of any auditor from outside the Federal Government within a maximum of six months after the date on which the head of the agency receives the report.

"(b)

(a)

(1)(A) to have timely access to all records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, or other materials available to the applicable establishment which relate to the programs and operations with respect to which that Inspector General has responsibilities under this chapter;

(B) to have access under subparagraph (A) notwithstanding any other provision of law, except pursuant to any provision of law enacted by Congress that expressly—

(i) refers to the Inspector General; and

(ii) limits the right of access of the Inspector General; and

(C) except as provided in subsection (i), with regard to Federal grand jury materials protected from disclosure pursuant to rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to have timely access to such information if the Attorney General grants the request in accordance with subsection (h);

(2) to make such investigations and reports relating to the administration of the programs and operations of the applicable establishment as are, in the judgment of the Inspector General, necessary or desirable;

(3) to request such information or assistance as may be necessary for carrying out the duties and responsibilities provided by this chapter from any Federal, State, or local governmental agency or unit thereof;

(4) to require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data in any medium (including electronically stored information), as well as any tangible thing and documentary evidence necessary in the performance of the functions assigned by this chapter, which subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of any appropriate United States district court, but procedures other than subpoenas shall be used by the Inspector General to obtain documents and information from Federal agencies;

(5) to administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit, whenever necessary in the performance of the functions assigned by this chapter, which oath, affirmation, or affidavit when administered or taken by or before an employee of an Office of Inspector General designated by the Inspector General shall have the same force and effect as if administered or taken by or before an officer having a seal;

(6) to have direct and prompt access to the head of the establishment involved when necessary for any purpose pertaining to the performance of functions and responsibilities under this chapter;

(7) to select, appoint, and employ such officers and employees as may be necessary for carrying out the functions, powers, and duties of the Office subject to the provisions of this title, governing appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates;

(8) to obtain services as authorized by section 3109 of this title, at daily rates not to exceed the maximum rate payable under section 5376 of this title; and

(9) to the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, to enter into contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies, analyses, and other services with public agencies and with private persons, and to make such payments as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(A) For purposes of applying the provisions of law identified in subparagraph (B)—

(i) each Office of Inspector General shall be considered to be a separate agency; and

(ii) the Inspector General who is the head of an office referred to in clause (i) shall, with respect to that office, have the functions, powers, and duties of an agency head or appointing authority under such provisions.

(B) This paragraph applies with respect to the following provisions of this title:

(i) Subchapter II of chapter 35.

(ii) Sections 8335(b), 8336, 8344, 8414, 8425(b), and 8468.

(iii) All provisions relating to the Senior Executive Service (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management), subject to paragraph (2).

(2)

(f)

(1)

(A) carry a firearm while engaged in official duties as authorized under this chapter or other statute, or as expressly authorized by the Attorney General;

(B) make an arrest without a warrant while engaged in official duties as authorized under this chapter or other statute, or as expressly authorized by the Attorney General, for any offense against the United States committed in the presence of such Inspector General, Assistant Inspector General, or agent, or for any felony cognizable under the laws of the United States if such Inspector General, Assistant Inspector General, or agent has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to be arrested has committed or is committing such felony; and

(C) seek and execute warrants for arrest, search of a premises, or seizure of evidence issued under the authority of the United States upon probable cause to believe that a violation has been committed.

(2)

(A) the affected Office of Inspector General is significantly hampered in the performance of responsibilities established by this chapter as a result of the lack of such powers;

(B) available assistance from other law enforcement agencies is insufficient to meet the need for such powers; and

(C) adequate internal safeguards and management procedures exist to ensure proper exercise of such powers.

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(A) an aggregate request for the Inspector General;

(B) amounts for Inspector General training;

(C) amounts for support of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency; and

(D) any comments of the affected Inspector General with respect to the proposal.

(3)

(A) a separate statement of the budget estimate prepared in accordance with paragraph (1);

(B) the amount requested by the President for each Inspector General;

(C) the amount requested by the President for training of Inspectors General;

(D) the amount requested by the President for support for the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency; and

(E) any comments of the affected Inspector General with respect to the proposal if the Inspector General concludes that the budget submitted by the President would substantially inhibit the Inspector General from performing the duties of the office.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(A) interfere with an ongoing criminal investigation or prosecution;

(B) interfere with an undercover operation;

(C) result in disclosure of the identity of a confidential source, including a protected witness;

(D) pose a serious threat to national security; or

(E) result in significant impairment of the trade or economic interests of the United States.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(A) The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

(B) The Committee on Oversight and Reform, the Committee on the Judiciary, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(C) Other appropriate committees and subcommittees of Congress.

(i)

(j)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(k)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4218.)

This section was derived from section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 6 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5261, 5272(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3238, 3239, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4218, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 6 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following:

*"(3) If the information or assistance that is the subject of a report under paragraph (2) is not provided to the Inspector General by the date that is 30 days after the report is made, the Inspector General shall submit a notice that the information or assistance requested has not been provided by the head of the establishment involved or the head of the Federal agency involved, as applicable, to the appropriate congressional committees."; and*

(2) in subsection (h)(4)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking "Government"; and

(B) by amending subparagraph (C) to read as follows:

*"(C) Any other relevant congressional committee or subcommittee of jurisdiction."*

The word "Government" did not appear before "Reform" in the text of subsection (h)(4)(B) as enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See Historical and Revision note below.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendment by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

406 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §6) | Pub. L. 95–452, §6, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1104; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §§107, 110(a), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2528, 2529; Pub. L. 107–296, title VIII, §812(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2222; Pub. L. 110–409, §§8, 9, 11, 14(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4313–4316; Pub. L. 114–317, §§2, 5, 7(d)(2)(D), (3)(B), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1595, 1603, 1606. |


In subsection (a)(8), the words "maximum rate payable under section 5376 of this title" are substituted for "equivalent rate prescribed for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule by section 5332 of title 5, United States Code" for clarity and because of section 101(c) of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (enacted by section 529 of Public Law 101–509 (5 U.S.C. 5376 note)).

In subsection (f)(7), the date "November 25, 2002" is substituted for "the date of enactment of this subsection" for clarity. Subsection (f) (formerly subsection (e)) of section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 was enacted on November 25, 2002, by section 812(a) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–296, 116 Stat. 2222).

In subsection (h)(4)(B), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(C), are set out in the Appendix to Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 106–422, §2, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1873, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(10), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) designated by the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency; or

"(B) if that council is eliminated, by a majority vote of the inspectors general created under chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) designated by the President's Council on Integrity and Efficiency; or

"(B) if that council is eliminated, by a majority vote of the inspectors general created under chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code.

"(c)

"(d)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4224.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

407 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §7) | Pub. L. 95–452, §7, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1105. |


(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) sensitive operational plans;

(B) intelligence matters;

(C) counterintelligence matters;

(D) ongoing criminal investigations by other administrative units of the Department of Defense related to national security; or

(E) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c)

(1) be the principal adviser to the Secretary of Defense for matters relating to the prevention and detection of fraud, waste, and abuse in the programs and operations of the Department;

(2) initiate, conduct, and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of Defense (including the military departments) as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(3) provide policy direction for audits and investigations relating to fraud, waste, and abuse and program effectiveness;

(4) investigate fraud, waste, and abuse uncovered as a result of other contract and internal audits, as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(5) develop policy, monitor and evaluate program performance, and provide guidance with respect to all Department activities relating to criminal investigation programs;

(6) monitor and evaluate the adherence of Department auditors to internal audit, contract audit, and internal review principles, policies, and procedures;

(7) develop policy, evaluate program performance, and monitor actions taken by all components of the Department in response to contract audits, internal audits, internal review reports, and audits conducted by the Comptroller General of the United States;

(8) request assistance as needed from other audit, inspection, and investigative units of the Department of Defense (including military departments);

(9) give particular regard to the activities of the internal audit, inspection, and investigative units of the military departments with a view toward avoiding duplication and ensuring effective coordination and cooperation; and

(10) conduct, or approve arrangements for the conduct of, external peer reviews of Department of Defense audit agencies in accordance with, and in such frequency as provided by, Government auditing standards as established by the Comptroller General of the United States.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(A) information concerning the numbers and types of contract audits conducted by the Department during the reporting period; and

(B) information concerning any Department of Defense audit agency that, during the reporting period, has either received a failed opinion from an external peer review or is overdue for an external peer review required to be conducted in accordance with subsection (c)(10).

(2)

(g) 1 shall not apply to audits and investigations conducted by, under the direction of, or at the request of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(A) Notwithstanding section 140(b) of title 10, the General Counsel is the chief legal officer of the Office of the Inspector General.

(B) The Inspector General is the exclusive legal client of the General Counsel.

(C) The General Counsel shall perform such functions as the Inspector General may prescribe.

(D) The General Counsel shall serve at the discretion of the Inspector General.

(3)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4224.)

This section was derived from section 8 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5272(3), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3239, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4224, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (3), by striking "the Committees on Armed Services and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "the appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives"; and

(B) in paragraph (4), by striking "and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees"; and

(2) in subsection (f)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "the Committees on Armed Services and on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of Congress" and inserting "the appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives"; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "congressional committees".

The text directed to be stricken in subsections (b)(3) and (f)(1) did not appear exactly as quoted in the text enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See Historical and Revision notes below.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

408 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 751; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §110(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1502(f)(6), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(17), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §907, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4569; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title X, §1042, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XVI, §1614, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2066; Pub. L. 114–317, §6(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604. |


In subsection (b)(3), the words "Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate" are substituted for "[Committee on] Governmental Affairs of the Senate" on authority of Senate Resolution No. 445, 108th Congress, October 9, 2004 (effective January 4, 2005).

In subsection (b)(3), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Government Reform and Oversight" on authority of House Resolution No. 5 (106th Congress, January 6, 1999), House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007), and rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

In subsection (c)(9), the word "ensuring" is substituted for "insuring" for clarity.

In subsection (f)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "[Committee on] Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "[Committee on] Oversight and Government Reform" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4227.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

409(a) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(f)) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8A(f), formerly (h), as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1545; redesignated (f), Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(2)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–792. |

409(b) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(c)) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8A(c), formerly (d), as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1545; redesignated (c), Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(2)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–792. |

409(c) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(d)) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8A(d), formerly (e), as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1545; redesignated (d), Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(2)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–792; Pub. L. 114–317, §7(d)(2)(E), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1606. |

409(d) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8A(e)) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8A(e), formerly (g), as added Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(a)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1545; redesignated (e), Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(2)(C), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–792. |


In subsection (b), the reference to "section 406(a)(7) of this title" is substituted for "section 6(a)(6) of this Act" for clarity and to correct an error in the law. In the source law (section 8A(c) of the Inspector General Act of 1978), the reference to "section 6(a)(6) of this Act" is incorrect. Section 6(a)(6) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 was redesignated as section 6(a)(7) of that Act by section 107(1) of the Inspector General Act Amendments of 1988 (Public Law 100–504, 102 Stat. 2528).

In subsection (c), the words "overseas personnel ceilings" are substituted for "overseas personnel ceilings established under the Monitoring Overseas Direct Employment policy" to eliminate obsolete language. The Monitoring Overseas Direct Employment (MODE) policy was superseded by National Security Decision Directive No. 38 (NSDD–38) (June 2, 1982). (See https://www.state.gov/m/pri/nsdd/45148.htm, last visited December 14, 2017).

The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 87–195, Sept. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 424. Part I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§2151 et seq.) of chapter 32 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2151 of Title 22 and Tables.

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4228.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

410 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8B) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8B, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4228.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

411 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8C) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8C, as added Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(2), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2407. |


(a)

(1)

(A) ongoing criminal investigations or proceedings;

(B) undercover operations;

(C) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(D) deliberations and decisions on policy matters, including documented information used as a basis for making policy decisions, the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to have a significant influence on the economy or market behavior;

(E) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(F) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security or to the protection of any person or property authorized protection by section 3056 of title 18, section 3056A of title 18, or any provision of the Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (Public Law 94–524, 18 U.S.C. 3056 note).

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) determine how audits and investigations are allocated in cases of overlapping jurisdiction; and

(B) provide for coordination, cooperation, and efficiency in the conduct of such audits and investigations.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(f)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(1) during the 2-year period preceding the date of appointment to such position; or

(2) during the 5-year period following the date such individual ends service in such position.

(k)

(1)

(A) shall have the duty to enforce criminal provisions under section 7608(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 7608(b));

(B) in addition to the functions authorized under section 7608(b)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 7608(b)(2)), may carry firearms;

(C) shall be responsible for protecting the Internal Revenue Service against external attempts to corrupt or threaten employees of the Internal Revenue Service, but shall not be responsible for the conducting of background checks and the providing of protection to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue; and

(D) may designate any employee in the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration to enforce such laws and perform such functions referred to under subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) the performance of a law enforcement function under paragraph (1); and

(ii) sensitive information concerning matters under subsection (a)(1)(A) through (F).

(3)

(l)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4229.)

This section was derived from section 8D of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8D of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5272(4), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3240, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4229, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8D of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking "Committees on Governmental Affairs and Finance of the Senate and the Committees on Government Operations and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives, and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives"; and

(2) in subsection (g)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking "committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "congressional committees"; and

(ii) by striking "Committees on Governmental Affairs and Finance of the Senate and the Committees on Government Reform and Oversight and Ways and Means of the House of Representatives" and inserting "Committee on Finance of the Senate and the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives"; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "committees or subcommittees of Congress" and inserting "congressional committees".

Text directed to be stricken in subsections (a)(3) and (g)(1) did not appear exactly as quoted in the text enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See Historical and Revision notes below.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

412 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8D) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8D, formerly §8C, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2518; renumbered §8D, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; amended Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(b), (e)(1), (2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 705, 709; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, §1112(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2275; Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(c)(2), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(e)(3), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 110–409, §14(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4316; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §117(b), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1475; Pub. L. 114–317, §§6(2), 7(d)(3)(C), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604, 1606. |


In subsection (a)(3) and subsection (g)(1), the words "[Committee] on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs [of the Senate]" are substituted for "[Committee] on Governmental Affairs of the Senate" on authority of Senate Resolution No. 445, 108th Congress, October 9, 2004 (effective January 4, 2005).

In subsection (a)(3), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform [of the House of Representatives]" are substituted for "[Committee on] Government Operations [of the House of Representatives]" on authority of section 1(a) of Public Law 104–14 (2 U.S.C. note prec. 21), House Resolution No. 5 (106th Congress, January 6, 1999), House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007), and rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

In subsection (g)(1), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "[Committee on] Government Reform and Oversight" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

The Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(F), is Pub. L. 94–524, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2475, which enacted and amended provisions set out as notes under section 3056 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

(a)

(1)

(A) ongoing civil or criminal investigations or proceedings;

(B) undercover operations;

(C) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(D) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(E) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1) may initiate, conduct and supervise such audits and investigations in the Department of Justice as the Inspector General considers appropriate;

(2) except as specified in subsection (a) and paragraph (3), may investigate allegations of criminal wrongdoing or administrative misconduct by an employee of the Department of Justice, or may, in the discretion of the Inspector General, refer such allegations to the Office of Professional Responsibility or the internal affairs office of the appropriate component of the Department of Justice;

(3) shall refer to the Counsel, Office of Professional Responsibility of the Department of Justice, allegations of misconduct involving Department attorneys, investigators, or law enforcement personnel, where the allegations relate to the exercise of the authority of an attorney to investigate, litigate, or provide legal advice, except that no such referral shall be made if the attorney is employed in the Office of Professional Responsibility;

(4) may investigate allegations of criminal wrongdoing or administrative misconduct by a person who is the head of any agency or component of the Department of Justice; and

(5) shall forward the results of any investigation conducted under paragraph (4), along with any appropriate recommendation for disciplinary action, to the Attorney General.

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4233.)

This section was derived from section 8E of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8E of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5272(5), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3240, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4233, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8E of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking "Committees on Governmental Affairs and Judiciary of the Senate and the Committees on Government Operations and Judiciary of the House of Representatives, and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "appropriate congressional committees, including the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives"; and

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) by striking "committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "congressional committees"; and

(B) by striking "Committees on the Judiciary and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on the Judiciary and Government Operations of the House of Representatives" and inserting "Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives".

Some of the text directed to be stricken in subsections (a)(3) and (c) did not appear exactly as quoted in the text enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See Historical and Revision notes below.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

413 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8E) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8E, formerly §8D, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(f), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2520; renumbered §8E, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §308, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1784; Pub. L. 114–317, §§6(3), 7(d)(3)(D), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604, 1606. |


In subsection (a)(3) and subsection (c), the words "[Committee] on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs [of the Senate]" are substituted for "[Committee] on Governmental Affairs [of the Senate]" because of Senate Resolution No. 445, 108th Congress, October 9, 2004 (effective January 4, 2005).

In subsection (a)(3) and subsection (c), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform [of the House of Representatives]" are substituted for "[Committee on] Government Operations [of the House of Representatives]" on authority of section 1(a) of Public Law 104–14 (2 U.S.C. note prec. 21), House Resolution No. 5 (106th Congress, January 6, 1999), House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007), and rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title III, §309(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1784, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 107–56, title X, §1001, Oct. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 391, provided that: "The Inspector General of the Department of Justice shall designate one official who shall—

"(1) review information and receive complaints alleging abuses of civil rights and civil liberties by employees and officials of the Department of Justice;

"(2) make public through the Internet, radio, television, and newspaper advertisements information on the responsibilities and functions of, and how to contact, the official; and

"(3) submit to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate on a semi-annual basis a report on the implementation of this subsection [section] and detailing any abuses described in paragraph (1), including a description of the use of funds appropriations used to carry out this subsection [section]."

(a)

(1) appoint and determine the compensation of such officers and employees in accordance with section 195(b) of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12651f(b)); and

(2) procure the temporary and intermittent services of and compensate such experts and consultants, in accordance with section 3109(b) of this title,

as may be necessary to carry out the functions, powers, and duties of the Inspector General.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4235.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

414 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8F) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8F, formerly §8E, as added Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 889; renumbered §8F, Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; amended Pub. L. 111–13, title IV, §4101, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1597. |


(a)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A) an establishment (as defined under section 401 of this title) or part of an establishment;

(B) a designated Federal entity (as defined under paragraph (1) of this subsection) or part of a designated Federal entity;

(C) the Executive Office of the President;

(D) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(E) the Government Accountability Office; or

(F) any entity in the judicial or legislative branches of the Government, including the Administrative Office of the United States Courts and the Architect of the Capitol and any activities under the direction of the Architect of the Capitol.

(3)

(A) with respect to the National Science Foundation, such term means the National Science Board;

(B) with respect to the United States Postal Service, such term means the Governors (within the meaning of section 102(3) of title 39);

(C) with respect to the Federal Labor Relations Authority, such term means the members of the Authority (described under section 7104 of this title);

(D) with respect to the Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled, such term means the Chairman of the Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled;

(E) with respect to the National Archives and Records Administration, such term means the Archivist of the United States;

(F) with respect to the National Credit Union Administration, such term means the National Credit Union Administration Board (described under section 102 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752a));

(G) with respect to the National Endowment of the Arts, such term means the National Council on the Arts;

(H) with respect to the National Endowment for the Humanities, such term means the National Council on the Humanities;

(I) with respect to the Peace Corps, such term means the Director of the Peace Corps; and

(J) with respect to the United States International Development Finance Corporation, such term means the Board of Directors of the United States International Development Finance Corporation.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(i) The Defense Intelligence Agency.

(ii) The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.

(iii) The National Reconnaissance Office.

(iv) The National Security Agency.

(E)

(i) the Committee on Armed Services and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Armed Services and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i)

(I) ongoing civil or criminal investigations or proceedings;

(II) undercover operations;

(III) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(IV) intelligence or counterintelligence matters; or

(V) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(ii)

(iii)

(B)

(i) may initiate, conduct, and supervise such audits and investigations in the United States Postal Service as the Inspector General considers appropriate; and

(ii) shall give particular regard to the activities of the Postal Inspection Service with a view toward avoiding duplication and ensuring effective coordination and cooperation.

(C)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(g)

(1)

(A) "designated Federal entity" for "establishment"; and

(B) "head of the designated Federal entity" for "head of the establishment".

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) in accordance with applicable laws and regulations governing appointments within the designated Federal entity, appoint a Counsel to the Inspector General who shall report to the Inspector General;

(B) obtain the services of a counsel appointed by and directly reporting to another Inspector General on a reimbursable basis; or

(C) obtain the services of appropriate staff of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency on a reimbursable basis.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(A) states whether there has been established in the Federal entity an office that meets the requirements of this section;

(B) specifies the actions taken by the Federal entity otherwise to ensure that audits are conducted of its programs and operations in accordance with the standards for audit of governmental organizations, programs, activities, and functions issued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and includes a list of each audit report completed by a Federal or non-Federal auditor during the reporting period and a summary of any particularly significant findings; and

(C) summarizes any matters relating to the personnel, programs, and operations of the Federal entity referred to prosecutive authorities, including a summary description of any preliminary investigation conducted by or at the request of the Federal entity concerning these matters, and the prosecutions and convictions which have resulted.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4235.)

This section was derived from section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–108, title II, §209(a), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1151, and by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5202(a)(2), 5272(6), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3224, 3240, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4235, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title.

Section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–108 as follows:

(1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking "the Postal Regulatory Commission,"; and

(2) in subsection (f)—

(A) in paragraph (2), by inserting subparagraph (A) designation before "In carrying" and adding at the end the following:

"(B) In carrying out the duties and responsibilities specified in this Act, the Inspector General of the United States Postal Service shall function as the Inspector General for the Postal Regulatory Commission, and shall have equal responsibility over the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission. The Commission shall comply with the Inspector General's oversight as if the Commission were a designated Federal entity under subsection (a)(2) and as if the Inspector General were the inspector general of the Commission. The Governors of the Postal Service shall not direct oversight activities for the Postal Regulatory Commission.";

(B) in paragraph (3)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)(i), by inserting "pertaining to the United States Postal Service" after "subpoenas,";

(ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by inserting "and the Postal Regulatory Commission" after "United States Postal Service"; and

(iii) in subparagraph (C), by inserting "or the Postal Regulatory Commission" after "Governors"; and

(C) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), and (6) as (5), (6), and (7), respectively, and adding after paragraph (3) the following:

"(4) For activities pertaining to the Postal Regulatory Commission, sections 4, 5, 6 (other than subsection (g) thereof), and 7 of this Act shall be applied by substituting the term 'head of the Postal Regulatory Commission' for 'head of the establishment'."

Section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263 as follows:

(1) in subsection (e)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting "or placement on non-duty status" after "a removal";

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) by inserting "(A)" after "(2)";

(ii) in subparagraph (A), as so designated, in the first sentence—

(I) by striking "reasons" and inserting "substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons,"; and

(II) by inserting "(including to the appropriate congressional committees)" after "Houses of Congress"; and

(iii) by adding at the end the following:

*"(B) If there is an open or completed inquiry into an Inspector General that relates to the removal or transfer of the Inspector General under subparagraph (A), the written communication required under that subparagraph shall—*

*"(i) identify each entity that is conducting, or that conducted, the inquiry; and*

*"(ii) in the case of a completed inquiry, contain the findings made during the inquiry."; and*

(C) by adding at the end the following:

*"(3)(A) Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph, only the head of the applicable designated Federal entity (referred to in this paragraph as the 'covered official') may place an Inspector General on non-duty status.*

*"(B) If a covered official places an Inspector General on non-duty status, the covered official shall communicate in writing the substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons, for the change in status to both Houses of Congress (including to the appropriate congressional committees) not later than 15 days before the date on which the change in status takes effect, except that the covered official may submit that communication not later than the date on which the change in status takes effect if—*

*"(i) the covered official has made a determination that the continued presence of the Inspector General in the workplace poses a threat described in any of clauses (i) through (iv) of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(ii) in the communication, the covered official includes a report on the determination described in clause (i), which shall include—*

*"(I) a specification of which clause of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, the covered official has determined applies under clause (i) of this subparagraph;*

*"(II) the substantive rationale, including detailed and case-specific reasons, for the determination made under clause (i);*

*"(III) an identification of each entity that is conducting, or that conducted, any inquiry upon which the determination under clause (i) was made; and*

*"(IV) in the case of an inquiry described in subclause (III) that is completed, the findings made during that inquiry.*

*"(C) A covered official may not place an Inspector General on non-duty status during the 30-day period preceding the date on which the Inspector General is removed or transferred under paragraph (2)(A) unless the covered official—*

*"(i) has made a determination that the continued presence of the Inspector General in the workplace poses a threat described in any of clauses (i) through (iv) of section 6329b(b)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code; and*

*"(ii) not later than the date on which the change in status takes effect, submits to both Houses of Congress (including to the appropriate congressional committees) a written communication that contains the information required under subparagraph (B), including the report required under clause (ii) of that subparagraph.*

*"(D) Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit or otherwise modify—*

*"(i) any statutory protection that is afforded to an Inspector General; or*

*"(ii) any other action that a covered official may take under law with respect to an Inspector General."; and*

(2) in subsection (f)(3)—

(A) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking "Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives, and to other appropriate committees or subcommittees of the Congress" and inserting "the appropriate congressional committees"; and

(B) by striking subparagraph (C).

As enacted by Pub. L. 117–286, subsection (e)(2) of this section contains a heading after the paragraph designation. The amendment to section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452 inserting "(A)" after "(2)" amended text that did not contain a paragraph heading. The text directed to be stricken in subsection (f)(3)(A)(iii) did not appear exactly as quoted in the text enacted by Pub. L. 117–286. See Historical and Revision notes below.

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

415 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8G) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8G, formerly §8E, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §104(a), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2522; amended Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §702(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 415; renumbered §8F and amended Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), (2)(A), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 889, 890; renumbered §8G and amended Pub. L. 103–204, §23(a)(3), (4), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §319, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 949; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §662(b)(1), (2)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–379; Pub. L. 105–134, title IV, §409(a)(1), Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2586; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title III, §306(h), as added Pub. L. 106–31, title I, §105(a)(5), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 63; Pub. L. 106–422, §1(b)(1), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §812(a), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §§603(b), 605(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3240, 3242; Pub. L. 110–409, §§2, 3(b), 6(b), 7(d)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4302, 4305, 4313; Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §§989B, 989D, title X, §1081, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1945, 1946, 2080; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §431(a), (c), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2731; Pub. L. 113–126, title IV, §§402(1), 412(1), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1408, 1409; Pub. L. 114–113, div. H, title IV, §401(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2639; Pub. L. 114–317, §§6(4), 7(d)(2)(F), (3)(E), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604, 1606; Pub. L. 115–141, div. P, title V, §501(a)(1), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title I, §1414, Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3492. |


In subsection (a)(1)(A), the words "the Board for International Broadcasting" are omitted as obsolete. The Board for International Broadcasting was established by section 3(a) of the Board for International Broadcasting Act of 1973 (Public Law 93–129, 87 Stat. 457). The Board for International Broadcasting Act of 1973 was repealed by section 310(e) of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–236, title III, 108 Stat. 442).

In subsection (a)(1)(A), the words "the Federal Housing Finance Board" are omitted as obsolete because the Federal Housing Finance Board was abolished by section 1311 of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–289, div. A, title III, 12 U.S.C. 4511 note).

In subsection (a)(1)(A), the words "the Panama Canal Commission" are omitted as obsolete because of section 1305 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3714a).

In subsection (a)(1), subparagraph (B) restates the amendment made by section 409(a) of the Amtrak Reform and Accountability Act of 1997 (Public Law 105–134, 111 Stat. 2586). That provision amended section 8G(a)(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 by striking "Amtrak" from the definition of "designated Federal entity". However, the amendment was enacted with a conditional effective date; it will take effect at the beginning of the first fiscal year after a fiscal year for which Amtrak receives no Federal subsidy. The conditional effective date creates uncertainty because it cannot be known in advance when the condition will be met and the amendment will take effect. In subsection (a)(1), subparagraph (B) explicitly incorporates the amendatory language and the conditional effective date within the restatement text in order to clarify that although "Amtrak" is currently included in the definition of "designated Federal entity", it is automatically struck from the definition, without further congressional action, whenever the specified condition is met.

In subsection (f)(3), in subparagraph (A)(iii) and subparagraph (C), the words "[Committee] on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs [of the Senate]" are substituted for "[Committee] on Governmental Affairs [of the Senate]" because of Senate Resolution No. 445, 108th Congress, October 9, 2004 (effective January 4, 2005).

In subsection (f)(3), in subparagraph (A)(iii) and subparagraph (C), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Government Reform and Oversight" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

In subsection (f)(3)(B)(ii), the word "ensuring" is substituted for "insuring" for clarity.

In subsection (g)(3), the words "Notwithstanding the last sentence of subsection (d)(1) of this section" are substituted for "Notwithstanding the last sentence of subsection (d) of this section" for clarity and to correct an obsolete reference in the law. In section 8G of the Inspector General Act of 1978, subsection (d) was redesignated as subsection (d)(1) by section 431(c)(1) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–259, 124 Stat. 2731).

In subsection (h)(1), the words "Each year," are substituted for "No later than April 30, 1989, and annually thereafter," to eliminate obsolete language.

In subsection (h)(2), the words "On October 31 of each year," are substituted for "Beginning on October 31, 1989, and on October 31 of each succeeding calendar year," to eliminate obsolete language.

The National Labor Relations Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(4), is act July 5, 1935, ch. 372, 49 Stat. 449, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§151 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 167 of Title 29 and Tables.

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 117–108, title II, §209(c), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1152, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

[For definition of "Postal Service" as used in section 209(c) of Pub. L. 117–108, set out above, see section 102 of Title 39, Postal Service, as made applicable by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 117–108, which is set out as a note under section 501 of Title 39.]

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XV, §1521(e), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1714, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) in accordance with the Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards/Government Auditing Standards (GAGAS/GAS), as issued and updated by the Government Accountability Office; or

"(B) if not prepared in accordance with the standards referred to in subparagraph (A), in accordance with the Quality Standards for Inspection and Evaluation issued by the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency (commonly referred to as the 'CIGIE Blue Book').

"(2)

"(3)

Pub. L. 114–113, div. H, title IV, §401(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2640, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015], the Chairman of the Committee for Purchase From People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled shall appoint an Inspector General for the Committee."

[Pub. L. 114–113, div. H, title IV, §401(c), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2640, provided that: "This section [amending former section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452 (see this section), and enacting provisions set out as a note above], and the amendments made by this section, shall take effect on the date that is 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015]."]

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title XI, §11314, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1674, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(13), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4344, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

"(1) not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015], initiate an assessment to determine whether current expenditures or procurements involving Amtrak's fulfillment of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.) utilize competitive, market-driven provisions that are applicable throughout the entire term of such related expenditures or procurements; and

"(2) not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act, transmit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives the assessment under paragraph (1).

"(c)

Pub. L. 113–76, div. B, title IV, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 75, provided in part: "That the Inspector General for the Commission on Civil Rights (CCR IG), as provided in Public Law 113–6 [set out below], is authorized to close out all work related to pending or closed investigations, to complete pending investigations, and to terminate all activities related to the duties, responsibilities and authorities of the CCR IG: *Provided further*, That when the CCR IG concludes that all pending investigations have been completed, all work related to pending or closed investigations has been closed out, and all activities related to the duties, responsibilities and authorities of the CCR IG have ended, the CCR IG shall certify that conclusion to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and the Office of the CCR IG shall then be terminated".

Pub. L. 113–6, div. B, title IV, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 266, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(14), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4344, provided in part: "That there shall be an Inspector General at the Commission on Civil Rights who shall have the duties, responsibilities, and authorities specified in chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code: *Provided further*, That an individual appointed to the position of Inspector General of the Government Accountability Office (GAO) shall, by virtue of such appointment, also hold the position of Inspector General of the Commission on Civil Rights: *Provided further*, That the Inspector General of the Commission on Civil Rights shall utilize personnel of the Office of Inspector General of GAO in performing the duties of the Inspector General of the Commission on Civil Rights, and shall not appoint any individuals to positions within the Commission on Civil Rights".

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 112–55, div. B, title IV, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 628.

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, §1229, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(b)(11), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4613; Pub. L. 111–38, §1, June 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1932; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(15), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4344, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) To provide for the independent and objective conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan.

"(2) To provide for the independent and objective leadership and coordination of, and recommendations on, policies designed to—

"(A) promote economy efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of the programs and operations described in paragraph (1); and

"(B) prevent and detect waste, fraud, and abuse in such programs and operations.

"(3) To provide for an independent and objective means of keeping the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such programs and operations and the necessity for and progress on corrective action.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

"(d)

"(1) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Auditing who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of auditing activities relating to programs and operations supported by amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan; and

"(2) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Investigations who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of investigative activities relating to such programs and operations.

"(e)

"(1)

"(2)

"(f)

"(1)

"(A) the oversight and accounting of the obligation and expenditure of such funds;

"(B) the monitoring and review of reconstruction activities funded by such funds;

"(C) the monitoring and review of contracts funded by such funds;

"(D) the monitoring and review of the transfer of such funds and associated information between and among departments, agencies, and entities of the United States and private and nongovernmental entities;

"(E) the maintenance of records on the use of such funds to facilitate future audits and investigations of the use of such fund;

"(F) the monitoring and review of the effectiveness of United States coordination with the Government of Afghanistan and other donor countries in the implementation of the Afghanistan Compact and the Afghanistan National Development Strategy; and

"(G) the investigation of overpayments such as duplicate payments or duplicate billing and any potential unethical or illegal actions of Federal employees, contractors, or affiliated entities and the referral of such reports, as necessary, to the Department of Justice to ensure further investigations, prosecutions, recovery of further funds, or other remedies.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(A) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

"(B) The Inspector General of the Department of State.

"(C) The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development.

"(g)

"(1)

"(2)

"(h)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(I) paragraph (2) of that subsection (relating to periods of appointments) shall not apply; and

"(II) no period of appointment may exceed the date on which the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction terminates under subsection (o).

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A)

"(B)

"(6)

"(A) may detail, on a reimbursable basis, any of the personnel of the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction to the Office of the Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction for the purpose of carrying out this section; and

"(B) may provide, on a reimbursable basis, any of the facilities or other resources of the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction to the Office of the Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction for the purpose of carrying out this section.

"(i)

"(1)

"(A) Obligations and expenditures of appropriated funds.

"(B) A project-by-project and program-by-program accounting of the costs incurred to date for the reconstruction of Afghanistan, together with the estimate of the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the United States Agency for International Development, as applicable, of the costs to complete each project and each program.

"(C) Revenues attributable to or consisting of funds provided by foreign nations or international organizations to programs and projects funded by any department or agency of the United States Government, and any obligations or expenditures of such revenues.

"(D) Revenues attributable to or consisting of foreign assets seized or frozen that contribute to programs and projects funded by any department or agency of the United States Government, and any obligations or expenditures of such revenues.

"(E) Operating expenses of agencies or entities receiving amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan.

"(F) In the case of any contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism described in paragraph (2)—

"(i) the amount of the contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism;

"(ii) a brief discussion of the scope of the contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism;

"(iii) a discussion of how the department or agency of the United States Government involved in the contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism identified, and solicited offers from, potential individuals or entities to perform the contract, grant, agreement, or other funding mechanism, together with a list of the potential individuals or entities that were issued solicitations for the offers; and

"(iv) the justification and approval documents on which was based the determination to use procedures other than procedures that provide for full and open competition.

"(2)

"(A) To build or rebuild physical infrastructure of Afghanistan.

"(B) To establish or reestablish a political or societal institution of Afghanistan.

"(C) To provide products or services to the people of Afghanistan.

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law;

"(B) specifically required by Executive order to be protected from disclosure in the interest of national defense or national security or in the conduct of foreign affairs; or

"(C) a part of an ongoing criminal investigation.

"(j)

"(1)

"(2)

"(k)

"(1)

"(2)

"(l)

"(1)

"(2)

"(m)

"(1)

"(A) amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for any fiscal year—

"(i) to the Afghanistan Security Forces Fund; or

"(ii) to the program to assist the people of Afghanistan established under subsection (a)(2) of section 1202 of the National Defense Authorization for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 119 Stat. 3455–3456); and

"(B) amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for any fiscal year for the reconstruction of Afghanistan under—

"(i) the Economic Support Fund;

"(ii) the International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement account; or

"(iii) any other provision of law.

"(2)

"(A) the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

"(n)

"(1)

"(2)

"(o)

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 117–328, div. G, title III, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4813, provided in part: "That notwithstanding any other provision of law, the individual appointed to the position of Inspector General of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shall, by virtue of such appointment, also hold the position of Inspector General of the Board: *Provided further*, That notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Inspector General of the Board shall utilize personnel of the Office of Inspector General of EPA in performing the duties of the Inspector General of the Board, and shall not appoint any individuals to positions within the Board."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 117–103, div. G, title III, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 402.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. G, title III, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1529.

Pub. L. 116–94, div. D, title III, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2735.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. E, title III, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 252.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. G, title III, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 681.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. G, title III, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 488.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. G, title III, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2569.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. F, title III, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2438.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. G, title III, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 332.

Pub. L. 112–74, div. E, title III, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1031.

Pub. L. 111–88, div. A, title III, Oct. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 2950.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. E, title III, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 739.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title III, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2139.

Pub. L. 109–54, title III, Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 543.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. I, title III, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3322.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. G, title III, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 399.

Pub. L. 107–73, title III, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 679, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(16), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4345, provided in part: "That, hereafter, there shall be an Inspector General at the [Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation] Board who shall have the duties, responsibilities, and authorities specified in chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code: *Provided further*, That an individual appointed to the position of Inspector General of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) shall, by virtue of such appointment, also hold the position of Inspector General of the Board: *Provided further*, That the Inspector General of the Board shall utilize personnel of the Office of Inspector General of FEMA in performing the duties of the Inspector General of the Board, and shall not appoint any individuals to positions within the Board."

[For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security.]

[For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations act:

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title III], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–36.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. K, title III, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 515, provided in part: "That notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Inspector General of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall hereafter also serve as the Inspector General of the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 107–73, title III, Nov. 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 688.

Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title III], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–46.

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XII, §1203(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2079, provided that: "The individual serving as the Inspector General of the Coalition Provisional Authority as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2004] may continue to serve in that position after that date without reappointment under paragraph (1) of section 3001(c) of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004 [Pub. L. 108–106, set out below], but remaining subject to removal as specified in paragraph (4) of that section."

Pub. L. 108–106, title III, §3001, Nov. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 1234, as amended by Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XII, §1203(a)(1)–(3)(A), (c)–(j), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2078–2081; Pub. L. 109–102, title V, §599, Nov. 14, 2005, 119 Stat. 2240; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title X, §§1054(b), 1071(g)(13), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2397, 2403; Pub. L. 109–440, §2, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3286; Pub. L. 110–28, title III, §3801, May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 147; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XII, §1221, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(17), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4345, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) To provide for the independent and objective conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq.

"(2) To provide for the independent and objective leadership and coordination of, and recommendations on, policies designed to—

"(A) promote economy efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of such programs and operations; and

"(B) prevent and detect waste, fraud, and abuse in such programs and operations.

"(3) To provide for an independent and objective means of keeping the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such programs and operations and the necessity for and progress for corrective action.

"(b)

"(c)

"(2) The appointment of Inspector General shall be made solely on the basis of integrity and demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, financial analysis, law, management analysis, public administration, or investigations.

"(3) The nomination of an individual as Inspector General shall be made not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 2003].

"(4) The Inspector General shall be removable from office in accordance with the provisions of section 403(b) of title 5, United States Code.

"(5) For purposes of section 7324 of title 5, United States Code, the Inspector General shall not be considered an employee who determines policies to be pursued by the United States in the nationwide administration of Federal law.

"(6) The annual rate of basic pay of the Inspector General shall be the annual rate of basic pay provided for positions at level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.

"(d)

"(1) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Auditing who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of auditing activities relating to programs and operations supported by amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq; and

"(2) appoint an Assistant Inspector General for Investigations who shall have the responsibility for supervising the performance of investigative activities relating to such programs and operations.

"(e)

"(2) No officer of the Department of Defense, the Department of State, or the United States Agency for International Development shall prevent or prohibit the Inspector General from initiating, carrying out, or completing any audit or investigation related to amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq or from issuing any subpoena during the course of any such audit or investigation.

"(f)

"(A) the oversight and accounting of the obligation and expenditure of such funds;

"(B) the monitoring and review of reconstruction activities funded by such funds;

"(C) the monitoring and review of contracts funded by such funds;

"(D) the monitoring and review of the transfer of such funds and associated information between and among departments, agencies, and entities of the United States and private and nongovernmental entities; and

"(E) the maintenance of records on the use of such funds to facilitate future audits and investigations of the use of such funds.

"(2) The Inspector General shall establish, maintain, and oversee such systems, procedures, and controls as the Inspector General considers appropriate to discharge the duty under paragraph (1).

"(3) In addition to the duties specified in paragraphs (1) and (2), the Inspector General shall also have the duties and responsibilities of inspectors general under chapter 4 of title 5, United States Code.

"(4) In carrying out the duties, responsibilities, and authorities of the Inspector General under this section, the Inspector General shall coordinate with, and receive the cooperation of, each of the following:

"(A) The Inspector General of the Department of State.

"(B) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

"(C) The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development.

"(g)

"(2) The Inspector General shall carry out the duties specified in subsection (f)(1) in accordance with section 404(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code.

"(h)

"(2) The Inspector General may obtain services as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, at daily rates not to exceed the equivalent rate prescribed for grade GS–15 of the General Schedule by section 5332 of such title.

"(3) To the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, the Inspector General may enter into contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies, analyses, and other services with public agencies and with private persons, and make such payments as may be necessary to carry out the duties of the Inspector General.

"(4)(A) Upon request of the Inspector General for information or assistance from any department, agency, or other entity of the Federal Government, the head of such entity shall, insofar as is practicable and not in contravention of any existing law, furnish such information or assistance to the Inspector General, or an authorized designee.

"(B) Whenever information or assistance requested by the Inspector General is, in the judgment of the Inspector General, unreasonably refused or not provided, the Inspector General shall report the circumstances to the Secretary of State or Secretary of Defense, as appropriate, and to the appropriate committees of Congress without delay.

"(5) The Secretary of State or Secretary of Defense, as appropriate, shall provide the Inspector General with appropriate and adequate office space within the Department of Defense or at appropriate locations of the Department of State in Iraq, together with such equipment, office supplies, and communications facilities and services as may be necessary for the operation of such offices, and shall provide necessary maintenance services for such offices and the equipment and facilities located therein.

"(i)

"(A) Obligations and expenditures of appropriated funds.

"(B) A project-by-project and program-by-program accounting of the costs incurred to date for the reconstruction of Iraq, together with the estimate of the Department of Defense, the Department of State, and the United States Agency for International Development, as applicable, of the costs to complete each project and each program.

"(C) Revenues attributable to or consisting of funds provided by foreign nations or international organizations, and any obligations or expenditures of such revenues.

"(D) Revenues attributable to or consisting of foreign assets seized or frozen, and any obligations or expenditures of such revenues.

"(E) Operating expenses of agencies or entities receiving amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq.

"(F) In the case of any contract described in paragraph (2)—

"(i) the amount of the contract or other agreement;

"(ii) a brief discussion of the scope of the contract or other agreement;

"(iii) a discussion of how the contracting department or agency identified, and solicited offers from, potential contractors to perform the contract, together with a list of the potential contractors that were issued solicitations for the offers; and

"(iv) the justification and approval documents on which was based the determination to use procedures other than procedures that provide for full and open competition.

"(2) A contract described in this paragraph is any major contract or other agreement that is entered into by any department or agency of the United States Government that involves the use of amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq with any public or private sector entity for any of the following purposes:

"(A) To build or rebuild physical infrastructure of Iraq.

"(B) To establish or reestablish a political or societal institution of Iraq.

"(C) To provide products or services to the people of Iraq.

"(3) The Inspector General shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress semiannual reports meeting the requirements of section 405 of title 5, United States Code. The first such report for a year, covering the first six months of the year, shall be submitted not later than July 31 of that year, and the second such report, covering the second six months of the year, shall be submitted not later than January 31 of the following year.

"(4) The Inspector General shall publish each report under this subsection in both English and Arabic on the Internet website of the Department of State and of the Department of Defense.

"(5) Each report under this subsection may include a classified annex if the Inspector General considers it necessary.

"(6) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the public disclosure of information that is—

"(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law;

"(B) specifically required by Executive order to be protected from disclosure in the interest of national defense or national security or in the conduct of foreign affairs; or

"(C) a part of an ongoing criminal investigation.

"(j)

"(2)(A) Not later than 30 days after receipt of a report under paragraph (1), the Secretary of State or the Secretary of Defense may submit to the appropriate committees of Congress any comments on the matters covered by the report as the Secretary of State or the Secretary of Defense, as the case may be, considers appropriate.

"(B) A report under this paragraph may include a classified annex if the Secretary of State or the Secretary of Defense, as the case may be, considers it necessary.

"(k)

"(2) Not later than 60 days after the date of the submittal to Congress under subsection (j)(2) of comments on a report under subsection (i), the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall jointly make copies of such comments available to the public upon request, and at a reasonable cost.

"(l)

"(2) The President shall publish a notice of each waiver made under this subsection in the Federal Register no later than the date on which the reports required under paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (i) are submitted to Congress. The reports required under paragraph (1) or (3) of subsection (i) shall specify whether waivers under this subsection were made and with respect to which elements.

"(m)

"(1) the term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(A) the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, and Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committees on Appropriations, Armed Services, Foreign Affairs, and Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives; and

"(2) the term 'amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq' means amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for any fiscal year—

"(A) to the Iraq Relief and Reconstruction Fund, the Iraq Security Forces Fund, and the Commanders' Emergency Response Program authorized under section 1202 of the National Defense Authorization for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 119 Stat. 3455–3456); or

"(B) for assistance for the reconstruction of Iraq under—

"(i) the Economic Support Fund authorized under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2346 et seq.);

"(ii) the International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement account authorized under section 481 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2291); or

"(iii) any other provision of law.

"(n)

"(2) The amount available under paragraph (1) shall remain available until expended.

"(o)

"(2) The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction shall, prior to the termination of the Office of the Special Inspector General under paragraph (1), prepare a final forensic audit report on all amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Iraq."

Pub. L. 105–134, title IV, §409(b), (c), Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2587, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(18), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4345, provided that:

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(A) the President of Amtrak;

"(B) the Secretary of Transportation;

"(C) the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations;

"(D) the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation;

"(E) the United States House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations; and

"(F) the United States House of Representatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure.

"(2)

"(3)

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) A serious or flagrant problem, abuse, violation of law or Executive order, or deficiency relating to the funding, administration, or operations of an intelligence activity involving classified information, but does not include differences of opinions concerning public policy matters.

(B) A false statement to Congress, or a willful withholding from Congress, on an issue of material fact relating to the funding, administration, or operation of an intelligence activity.

(C) An action, including a personnel action described in section 2302(a)(2)(A) of this title constituting reprisal or threat of reprisal prohibited under section 407(c) of this title in response to an employee's reporting an urgent concern in accordance with this section.

(b)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) before making such a contact, furnishes to the head of the establishment, through the Inspector General, a statement of the employee's complaint or information and notice of the employee's intent to contact the intelligence committees directly; and

(B) obtains and follows from the head of the establishment, through the Inspector General, direction on how to contact the intelligence committees in accordance with appropriate security practices.

(3)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4242.)

This section was derived from section 8H of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8H of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–103, div. X, title V, §502(b), Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 985, and by Pub. L. 117–263, div. F, title LXVI, §6609(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3560, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4242, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title.

Section 8H of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–103 as follows:

(1) in subsection (h)(1) [restated as subsection (a)(2) of this section], by redesignating subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) as clauses (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively (and indenting such clauses accordingly);

(2) by redesignating subsection (h)(1) and (2) [restated as subsection (a)(2) and (1) of this section, respectively] as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively (and indenting such subparagraphs accordingly);

(3) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), as redesignated, by inserting "(1)" before "In this"; and

(4) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

"(2) Within the executive branch, an Inspector General to whom any complaint or information is reported under this section shall have sole authority to determine whether the complaint or information is a matter of urgent concern under this section."

Section 8H of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263 in subsection (h)(1)(A)(i) by striking "involving" and all that follows through "policy matters." and inserting "of the Federal Government that is—

*"(I) a matter of national security; and*

*"(II) not a difference of opinion concerning public policy matters."*

Subsection (h)(1)(A)(i) of former section 8H of Pub. L. 95–452 was restated by Pub. L. 117–286 as subsection (a)(2)(A) of this section.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

416 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8H) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8H, as added Pub. L. 105–272, title VII, §702(b)(1), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2415; amended Pub. L. 107–108, title III, §309(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1400; Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, §825, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2429; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(b)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §431(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2731; Pub. L. 113–126, title III, §310, title VI, §603(a), July 7, 2014, 128 Stat. 1398, 1420; Pub. L. 116–92, div. E, title LXVII, §6726(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2236. |


(a)

(1)

(A) intelligence, counterintelligence, or counterterrorism matters;

(B) ongoing criminal investigations or proceedings;

(C) undercover operations;

(D) the identity of confidential sources, including protected witnesses;

(E) other matters the disclosure of which would, in the Secretary's judgment, constitute a serious threat to the protection of any person or property authorized protection by section 3056 of title 18, section 3056A of title 18, or any provision of the Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note); or

(F) other matters the disclosure of which would constitute a serious threat to national security.

(2)

(3)

(A) a copy of such notice; and

(B) a written response to such notice that includes a statement regarding whether the Inspector General agrees or disagrees with such exercise, and the reasons for any disagreement.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) coordinate the activities of the Office of Inspector General with respect to investigations of abuses of civil rights or civil liberties;

(B) receive and review complaints and information from any source alleging abuses of civil rights and civil liberties by employees or officials of the Department and employees or officials of independent contractors or grantees of the Department;

(C) initiate investigations of alleged abuses of civil rights or civil liberties by employees or officials of the Department and employees or officials of independent contractors or grantees of the Department;

(D) ensure that personnel within the Office of Inspector General receive sufficient training to conduct effective civil rights and civil liberties investigations;

(E) consult with the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties regarding—

(i) alleged abuses of civil rights or civil liberties; and

(ii) any policy recommendations regarding civil rights and civil liberties that may be founded upon an investigation by the Office of Inspector General;

(F) provide the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties with information regarding the outcome of investigations of alleged abuses of civil rights and civil liberties;

(G) refer civil rights and civil liberties matters that the Inspector General decides not to investigate to the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties;

(H) ensure that the Office of the Inspector General publicizes and provides convenient public access to information regarding—

(i) the procedure to file complaints or comments concerning civil rights and civil liberties matters; and

(ii) the status of corrective actions taken by the Department in response to Office of the Inspector General reports; and

(I) inform the Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of any weaknesses, problems, and deficiencies within the Department relating to civil rights or civil liberties.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4244.)

This section was derived from section 8I of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8I of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5272(7), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3241, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4244, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8I of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (a)(3), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking "committees and subcommittees of Congress" and inserting "congressional committees"; and

(2) in subsection (d), by striking "committees and subcommittees of Congress" each place it appears and inserting "congressional committees".

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees", which would result from application of the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

417 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8I) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8I, as added Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(b)(3), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 529; amended Pub. L. 108–458, title VIII, §8304, Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3868; Pub. L. 109–177, title VI, §605(e)(4), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 114–317, §6(5), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604. |


In subsection (b), the reference to "subsection (a)(2)" is substituted for "paragraph (2)" for clarity and to correct an error in the law.

The Presidential Protection Assistance Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E), is Pub. L. 94–524, Oct. 17, 1976, 90 Stat. 2475, which enacted and amended provisions set out as notes under section 3056 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–6, div. D, title V, §520(d), Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 370, provided that: "In addition to the requirements established by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section [127 Stat. 369, 370], the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security shall review departmental contracts awarded through means other than a full and open competition to assess departmental compliance with applicable laws and regulations: *Provided*, That the Inspector General shall review selected contracts awarded in the previous 3 fiscal years through means other than a full and open competition: *Provided further*, That in selecting which contracts to review, the Inspector General shall consider the cost and complexity of the goods and services to be provided under the contract, the criticality of the contract to fulfilling Department missions, past performance problems on similar contracts or by the selected vendor, complaints received about the award process or contractor performance, and such other factors as the Inspector General deems relevant: *Provided further*, That the Inspector General shall report the results of the reviews to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives no later than February 4, 2015, and every 3 years thereafter."

Pub. L. 110–329, div. D, title V, §518(b), Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3684, provided that: "The Inspector General shall provide to the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives, starting six months after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2008], and quarterly thereafter, a classified report containing a review of the data collected by the National Applications Office, including a description of the collection purposes and the legal authority under which the collection activities were authorized: *Provided*, That the report shall also include a listing of all data collection activities carried out on behalf of the National Applications Office by any component of the National Guard."

The special provisions under section 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 416, or 421 of this title relate only to the establishment named in such section and no inference shall be drawn from the presence or absence of a provision in any such section with respect to an establishment not named in such section or with respect to a designated Federal entity as defined under section 415(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4247.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

418 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8J) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8J, formerly §8F, as added Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §105, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2525; renumbered §8G and amended Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(1), (5)(B), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 889, 890; renumbered §8H, Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §662(b)(3)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–380; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(e)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 709; renumbered §8I and amended Pub. L. 105–272, title VII, §702(b), Oct. 20, 1998, 112 Stat. 2415; renumbered §8J, Pub. L. 108–7, div. L, §104(b)(2), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 529; Pub. L. 114–317, §6(6), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604. |


(a)

(1) the commencement or designation of a military operation as an overseas contingency operation that exceeds 60 days; or

(2) receipt of a notification under section 113(n) 1 of title 10 with respect to an overseas contingency operation.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(1) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

(2) The Inspector General of the Department of State.

(3) The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development.

(d)

(1)

(A) the commencement or designation of the military operation concerned as an overeas 2 contingency operation that exceeds 60 days; or

(B) receipt of a notification under section 113(n) 1 of title 10 with respect to an overseas contingency operation.

The lead Inspector General for a contingency operation shall be designated from among the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c).

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(I)

(II)

(aa) conduct an independent investigation of an allegation described in subclause (I); or

(bb) request that an Inspector General specified in subsection (c) conduct such investigation.

(E)

(F)

(i) the status and results of investigations, inspections, and audits and of referrals to the Department of Justice; and

(ii) overall plans for the review of the contingency operation by inspectors general, including plans for investigations, inspections, and audits.

(G)

(H)

(I)

(i) coordinate such oversight activities with the lead Inspector General; and

(ii) provide information requested by the lead Inspector General relating to the responsibilities of the lead Inspector General described in subparagraphs (B), (C), and (G).

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i)

(I) shall continue to receive the annuity; and

(II) shall not be considered a participant for purposes of chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4041 et seq.) or an employee for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of this title.

(ii)

(4)

(5) 3

(A)

(B) 1 may acquire competitive status under subparagraph (A).

(e)

(f)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4247; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1106, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 427.)

This section was derived from section 8L of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8L of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5321, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2368, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4247, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8L of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended in subsection (d)(5)(A) by substituting "any of the Inspectors General specified in subsection (c) for oversight of" for "a lead Inspector General for".

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

419 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA Sec. 8L) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8L, as added Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §848(2), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1851; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XVII, §§1732(b) through 1734, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1817, 1818. |


In subsection (d)(5)(B), the date "December 19, 2019" is substituted for "the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020" for clarity.

Section 113(n) of title 10, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (d)(1)(B), was redesignated section 113(o) of title 10 by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title V, §551(a)(1)(C), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3628.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(C)(i), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Chapter 8 of title I of the Act is classified generally to part I (§4041 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

December 19, 2019, referred to in subsec. (d)(5)(B), probably should be "December 20, 2019". Prior to repeal and restatement as this section, the source section referred instead to "the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020", which Act was approved Dec. 20, 2019. See Historical and Revision note above.

**2023**—Subsec. (d)(5)(B). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted "5 years" for "2 years".

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XII, §1250B(a)–(h), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 465–467, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) security, economic, and humanitarian assistance to Ukraine and other countries affected by the war;

"(B) United States European Command operations and related support for the United States military; and

"(C) operations of other relevant United States Government agencies involved in the Ukraine response, as appropriate.

"(2)

"(A) a description of any waste, fraud, or abuse identified by the Inspectors General with respect to programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated by the United States for Ukraine;

"(B) a description of the status and results of—

"(i) investigations, inspections, and audits; and

"(ii) referrals to the Department of Justice; and

"(C) a description of the overall plans for review by the Inspectors General of such support of Ukraine, including plans for investigations, inspections, and audits.

"(3)

"(4)

"(e)

"(f)

"(g)

"(1) The term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(A) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

"(B) the Committee on Appropriations, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the Committee on Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives.

"(2) The term 'Inspectors General' means the following:

"(A) The Inspector General of the Department of Defense.

"(B) The Inspector General of the Department of State.

"(C) The Inspector General of the United States Agency for International Development.

"(h)

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "overseas".

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(A) not later than 3 days after any audit report, inspection report, or evaluation report (or portion of any such report) is submitted in final form to the head of the Federal agency or the head of the designated Federal entity, as applicable, post that report (or portion of that report) on the website of the Office of Inspector General; and

(B) ensure that any posted report (or portion of that report) described under subparagraph (A)—

(i) is easily accessible from a direct link on the homepage of the website of the Office of the Inspector General;

(ii) includes a summary of the findings of the Inspector General; and

(iii) is in a format that—

(I) is searchable and downloadable; and

(II) facilitates printing by individuals of the public accessing the website.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4251.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

420 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8M) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8M, formerly §8L, as added Pub. L. 110–409, §13(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4315; renumbered §8M, Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, §848(1), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1851; amended Pub. L. 114–317, §§4(e), 7(b)(1)(A), (c), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1602, 1605, 1606. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4252.)

This section was derived from section 8N of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 8N of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5272(8), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3241, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4252, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 8N of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended in subsection (b) by striking "committees of Congress" and inserting "congressional committees". For definition of "appropriate congressional committees", which would result from application of the amendment by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

421 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §8N) | Pub. L. 95–452, §8N, as added Pub. L. 114–317, §6(7), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1604. |


The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Aug. 1, 1946, ch. 724, as added by act Aug. 30, 1954, ch. 1073, §1, 68 Stat. 919. Chapter 12 of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XI (§2161 et seq.) of chapter 23 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2011 of Title 42 and Tables.

(a)

(1) to the Office of Inspector General—

(A) of the Department of Agriculture, the offices of that department referred to as the "Office of Investigation" and the "Office of Audit";

(B) of the Department of Commerce, the offices of that department referred to as the "Office of Audits" and the "Investigations and Inspections Staff" and that portion of the office referred to as the "Office of Investigations and Security" which has responsibility for investigation of alleged criminal violations and program abuse;

(C) of the Department of Defense, the offices of that department referred to as the "Defense Audit Service" and the "Office of Inspector General, Defense Logistics Agency", and that portion of the office of that department referred to as the "Defense Investigative Service" which has responsibility for the investigation of alleged criminal violations;

(D) of the Department of Education, all functions of the Inspector General of Health, Education, and Welfare or of the Office of Inspector General of Health, Education, and Welfare relating to functions transferred by section 301 of the Department of Education Organization Act (20 U.S.C. 3441);

(E) of the Department of Energy, the Office of Inspector General (as established by section 208 of the Department of Energy Organization Act);

(F) of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Office of Inspector General (as established by title II of Public Law 94–505);

(G) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the office of that department referred to as the "Office of Inspector General";

(H) of the Department of the Interior, the office of that department referred to as the "Office of Audit and Investigation";

(I) of the Department of Justice—

(i) the offices of that Department referred to as—

(I) the "Audit Staff, Justice Management Division";

(II) the "Policy and Procedures Branch, Office of the Comptroller, Immigration and Naturalization Service", the "Office of Professional Responsibility, Immigration and Naturalization Service", and the "Office of Program Inspections, Immigration and Naturalization Service";

(III) the "Office of Internal Inspection, United States Marshals Service"; and

(IV) the "Financial Audit Section, Office of Financial Management, Bureau of Prisons" and the "Office of Inspections, Bureau of Prisons"; and

(ii) from the Drug Enforcement Administration, that portion of the "Office of Inspections" which is engaged in internal audit activities, and that portion of the "Office of Planning and Evaluation" which is engaged in program review activities;

(J) of the Department of Labor, the office of that department referred to as the "Office of Special Investigations";

(K) of the Department of Transportation, the offices of that department referred to as the "Office of Investigations and Security" and the "Office of Audit" of the Department, the "Offices of Investigations and Security, Federal Aviation Administration", and "External Audit Divisions, Federal Aviation Administration", the "Investigations Division and the External Audit Division of the Office of Program Review and Investigation, Federal Highway Administration", and the "Office of Program Audits, Federal Transit Administration";

(L)(i) of the Department of the Treasury, the office of that department referred to as the "Office of Inspector General", and, notwithstanding any other provision of law, that portion of each of the offices of that department referred to as the "Office of Internal Affairs, Tax and Trade Bureau", the "Office of Internal Affairs, United States Customs Service", and the "Office of Inspections, United States Secret Service" which is engaged in internal audit activities; and

(ii) of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, effective 180 days after July 22, 1998, the Office of Chief Inspector of the Internal Revenue Service;

(M) of the Environmental Protection Agency, the offices of that agency referred to as the "Office of Audit" and the "Security and Inspection Division";

(N) of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the office of that agency referred to as the "Office of Inspector General";

(O) of the General Services Administration, the offices of that agency referred to as the "Office of Audits" and the "Office of Investigations";

(P) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the offices of that agency referred to as the "Management Audit Office" and the "Office of Inspections and Security";

(Q) of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the office of that commission referred to as the "Office of Inspector and Auditor";

(R) of the Office of Personnel Management, the offices of that agency referred to as the "Office of Inspector General", the "Insurance Audits Division, Retirement and Insurance Group", and the "Analysis and Evaluation Division, Administration Group";

(S) of the Railroad Retirement Board, the Office of Inspector General (as established by section 23 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974);

(T) of the Small Business Administration, the office of that agency referred to as the "Office of Audits and Investigations";

(U) of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the offices of that department referred to as the "Office of Audits" and the "Office of Investigations";

(V) of the Corporation for National and Community Service, the Office of Inspector General of ACTION; and

(W) of the Social Security Administration, the functions of the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services which are transferred to the Social Security Administration by the Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994 (other than functions performed pursuant to section 105(a)(2) of such Act), except that such transfers shall be made in accordance with the provisions of such Act and shall not be subject to subsections (b) through (d) of this section; and

(2) to the Office of the Inspector General, such other offices or agencies, or functions, powers, or duties thereof, as the head of the establishment involved may determine are properly related to the functions of the Office and would, if so transferred, further the purposes of this chapter,

except that there shall not be transferred to an Inspector General under paragraph (2) program operating responsibilities.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4252.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

422 | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §9) | Pub. L. 95–452, §9, Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1107; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(n)(2), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 694; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(a)(2), (3), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(d), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2516; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, §202(g)(3)(A), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 890; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(l)(1), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1488; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(c)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 107–189, §22(c), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 107–296, title XI, §1112(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2276. |


In subsection (a)(1)(K), the words "Federal Transit Administration" are substituted for "Urban Mass Transportation Administration" because of section 3004(b) of the Federal Transit Act Amendments of 1991 (Public Law 102–240, title III, 49 U.S.C. 107 note).

In subsection (a)(1)(L)(ii), the date "July 22, 1998" is substituted for "the date of the enactment of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998" for clarity.

In subsection (a)(1)(U), the words "Department of Veterans Affairs" are substituted for "Veterans' Administration", and the words "that department" are substituted for "that agency", to update obsolete references in the law.

In subsection (d), the date "October 1, 1978" is substituted for "the effective date of this Act" for clarity and to reflect the effective date of the Inspector General Act of 1978.

Section 208 of the Department of Energy Organization Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(E), is section 208 of Pub. L. 95–91, title II, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 575, which was classified to section 7138 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and was repealed by Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(e)(1)(A), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517.

Title II of Public Law 94–505, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(F), is title II of Pub. L. 94–505, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2429, which was classified generally to sections 3521 to 3527 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and was repealed by Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(e)(2), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517.

Section 23 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(S), is section 23 of act Aug. 29, 1935, ch. 812, as added, which was classified to section 231v of Title 45, Railroads, and was repealed by Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(e)(3), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517.

The Social Security Independence and Program Improvements Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(W), is Pub. L. 103–296, Aug. 15, 1995, 108 Stat. 1464. Section 105(a)(2) of the Act is set out as a note under section 901 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1994 Amendment note set out under section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1103(c)(2)–(4), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 708, provided that:

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §102(e)(4), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2517, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(19), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4345, provided that: "Any individual who, on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 18, 1988], is serving as the Inspector General of the Department of Energy, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the Railroad Retirement Board, shall continue to serve in such position until such individual dies, resigns, or is removed from office in accordance with section 403(b) of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(e), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 753, provided that: "In addition to the positions transferred to the Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense, pursuant to the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [see Tables for classification], the Secretary of Defense shall transfer to the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Defense not less than one hundred additional audit positions. The Inspector General of the Department of Defense shall fill such positions with persons trained to perform contract audits."

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4255.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

423(a) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note | Pub. L. 110–409, §4(a)(3), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4303; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §405(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2719. |

423(b) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note | Pub. L. 110–409, §4(b)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4303. |

423(c) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §3) note | Pub. L. 110–409, §4(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4303. |


In subsection (a)(1), the words "the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction" are omitted as obsolete. The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction was established as a temporary oversight entity and ceased operations on September 30, 2013. In the document "Final Listing of Audit and Other Reports Issued by SIGIR on Reconstruction Spending in Iraq" (78 FR 58596), see the statement by the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction in the paragraph headed "Location of SIGIR Records After Closure".

Pub. L. 110–409, §4(b)–(d), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4304, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §§4(b)(6), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4343, 4361, provided that:

"[(b), (c). Repealed. Pub. L. 117–286, §7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4361.]

"(d)

"(1) an establishment as defined under section 401 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) a designated Federal entity as defined under section 415(a) of title 5, United States Code;

"(3) a legislative agency for which the position of Inspector General is established by statute; or

"(4) any other entity of the Government for which the position of Inspector General is established by statute."

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) address integrity, economy, and effectiveness issues that transcend individual Government agencies; and

(B) increase the professionalism and effectiveness of personnel by developing policies, standards, and approaches to aid in the establishment of a well-trained and highly skilled workforce in the offices of the Inspectors General.

(b)

(1)

(A) All Inspectors General whose offices are established under—

(i) section 402 of this title; or

(ii) section 415 of this title.

(B) The Inspectors General of the Intelligence Community and the Central Intelligence Agency.

(C) The Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management.

(D) A senior level official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation designated by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(E) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics.

(F) The Special Counsel of the Office of Special Counsel.

(G) The Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

(H) The Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget.

(I) The Inspectors General of the Library of Congress, Capitol Police, Government Publishing Office, Government Accountability Office, and the Architect of the Capitol.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(A)

(i) preside over meetings of the Council;

(ii) provide to the heads of agencies and entities represented on the Council summary reports of the activities of the Council; and

(iii) provide to the Council such information relating to the agencies and entities represented on the Council as assists the Council in performing its functions.

(B)

(i) convene meetings of the Council—

(I) at least 6 times each year;

(II) monthly to the extent possible; and

(III) more frequently at the discretion of the Chairperson;

(ii) carry out the functions and duties of the Council under subsection (c);

(iii) appoint a Vice Chairperson to assist in carrying out the functions of the Council and act in the absence of the Chairperson, from a category of Inspectors General described in subparagraph (A)(i), (A)(ii), or (B) of paragraph (1), other than the category from which the Chairperson was elected;

(iv) make such payments from funds otherwise available to the Council as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Council;

(v) select, appoint, and employ personnel as needed to carry out the functions of the Council subject to the provisions of this title governing appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title, relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates;

(vi) to the extent and in such amounts as may be provided in advance by appropriations Acts, made available from the revolving fund established under subsection (c)(3)(B), or as otherwise provided by law, enter into contracts and other arrangements with public agencies and private persons to carry out the functions and duties of the Council;

(vii) establish, in consultation with the members of the Council, such committees as determined by the Chairperson to be necessary and appropriate for the efficient conduct of Council functions; and

(viii) prepare and transmit an annual report on behalf of the Council on the activities of the Council to—

(I) the President;

(II) the appropriate committees of jurisdiction of the Senate and the House of Representatives;

(III) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(IV) the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives.

(c)

(1)

(A) continually identify, review, and discuss areas of weakness and vulnerability in Federal programs and operations with respect to fraud, waste, and abuse;

(B) develop plans for coordinated, Governmentwide activities that address these problems and promote economy and efficiency in Federal programs and operations, including interagency and interentity audit, investigation, inspection, and evaluation programs and projects to deal efficiently and effectively with those problems concerning fraud and waste that exceed the capability or jurisdiction of an individual agency or entity;

(C) develop policies that will aid in the maintenance of a corps of well-trained and highly skilled Office of Inspector General personnel;

(D) maintain an Internet website and other electronic systems for the benefit of all Inspectors General, as the Council determines are necessary or desirable;

(E) maintain 1 or more academies as the Council considers desirable for the professional training of auditors, investigators, inspectors, evaluators, and other personnel of the various offices of Inspector General;

(F) submit recommendations of individuals to the appropriate appointing authority for any appointment to an office of Inspector General described under subsection (b)(1)(A) or (B);

(G) make such reports to Congress as the Chairperson determines are necessary or appropriate;

(H) except for matters coordinated among Inspectors General under section 103H of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3033), receive, review, and mediate any disputes submitted in writing to the Council by an Office of Inspector General regarding an audit, investigation, inspection, evaluation, or project that involves the jurisdiction of more than one Office of Inspector General; and

(I) perform other duties within the authority and jurisdiction of the Council, as appropriate.

(2)

(A) adhere to professional standards developed by the Council; and

(B) participate in the plans, programs, and projects of the Council, except that in the case of a member described under subsection (b)(1)(I), the member shall participate only to the extent requested by the member and approved by the Executive Chairperson and Chairperson.

(3)

(A)

(i) the Executive Chairperson may authorize the use of interagency funding for—

(I) Governmentwide training of employees of the Offices of the Inspectors General;

(II) the functions of the Integrity Committee of the Council; and

(III) any other authorized purpose determined by the Council; and

(ii) upon the authorization of the Executive Chairperson, any Federal agency or designated Federal entity (as defined in section 415(a) of this title) which has a member on the Council shall fund or participate in the funding of such activities.

(B)

(i)

(I) establish in the Treasury of the United States a revolving fund to be called the Inspectors General Council Fund; or

(II) enter into an arrangement with a department or agency to use an existing revolving fund.

(ii)

(I)

(II)

(iii)

(I)

(II)

(iv)

(C)

(4)

(A) the role of the Department of Justice in law enforcement and litigation;

(B) the authority or responsibilities of any Government agency or entity; and

(C) the authority or responsibilities of individual members of the Council.

(5)

(A) facilitate the work of the Whistleblower Protection Coordinators designated under section 403(d)(1)(C) of this title; and

(B) in consultation with the Office of Special Counsel and Whistleblower Protection Coordinators from the member offices of the Inspector General, develop best practices for coordination and communication in promoting the timely and appropriate handling and consideration of protected disclosures, allegations of reprisal, and general matters regarding the implementation and administration of whistleblower protection laws, in accordance with Federal law.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) The official of the Federal Bureau of Investigation serving on the Council.

(ii) Four Inspectors General described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (b)(1) appointed by the Chairperson of the Council, representing both establishments and designated Federal entities (as that term is defined in section 415(a) of this title).

(iii) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics or the designee of the Director.

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(i) reports directly to an Inspector General; or

(ii) is designated by an Inspector General under subparagraph (C).

(B)

(i) review of the substance of the allegation cannot be assigned to an agency of the executive branch with appropriate jurisdiction over the matter; and

(ii) the Inspector General determines that—

(I) an objective internal investigation of the allegation is not feasible; or

(II) an internal investigation of the allegation may appear not to be objective.

(C)

(5)

(A)

(i) a representative of the Department of Justice, as designated by the Attorney General;

(ii) a representative of the Office of Special Counsel, as designated by the Special Counsel; and

(iii) a representative of the Integrity Committee, as designated by the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee.

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(6)

(A)

(B)

(i) shall provide assistance necessary to the Integrity Committee; and

(ii) may detail employees from that agency or entity to the Integrity Committee, subject to the control and direction of the Chairperson, to conduct an investigation under this subsection.

(7)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(I) determining whether to initiate an investigation;

(II) conducting investigations;

(III) reporting the results of an investigation;

(IV) providing the person who is the subject of an investigation with an opportunity to respond to any Integrity Committee report;

(V) except as provided in clause (ii), ensuring, to the extent possible, that investigations are conducted by Offices of Inspector General of similar size;

(VI) creating a process for rotation of Inspectors General assigned to investigate allegations through the Integrity Committee; and

(VII) creating procedures to avoid conflicts of interest for Integrity Committee investigations.

(ii)

(iii)

(C)

(i) shall complete the investigation not later than 150 days after the date on which the Integrity Committee made the referral; and

(ii) if the investigation cannot be completed within the 150-day period described in clause (i), shall—

(I) promptly notify the congressional committees described in paragraph (8)(A)(iii); and

(II) brief the congressional committees described in paragraph (8)(A)(iii) every 30 days regarding the status of the investigation and the general reasons for delay until the investigation is complete.

(D)

(E)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(I)

(II)

(8)

(A)

(i) assess the report;

(ii) forward the report, with the recommendations of the Integrity Committee, including those on disciplinary action, within 30 days (to the maximum extent practicable) after the completion of the investigation, to the Executive Chairperson of the Council and to the President (in the case of a report relating to an Inspector General of an establishment or any employee of that Inspector General) or the head of a designated Federal entity (in the case of a report relating to an Inspector General of such an entity or any employee of that Inspector General) for resolution;

(iii) submit the report, with the recommendations of the Integrity Committee, to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives, and other congressional committees of jurisdiction; and

(iv) following the submission of the report under clause (iii) and upon request by any Member of Congress, submit the report, with the recommendations of the Integrity Committee, to that Member.

(B)

(9)

(A) The number of allegations received.

(B) The number of allegations referred to the Department of Justice or the Office of Special Counsel, including the number of allegations referred for criminal investigation.

(C) The number of allegations referred to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee for investigation.

(D) The number of allegations closed without referral.

(E) The date each allegation was received and the date each allegation was finally disposed of.

(F) In the case of allegations referred to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee, a summary of the status of the investigation of the allegations and, in the case of investigations completed during the preceding fiscal year, a summary of the findings of the investigations.

(G) Other matters that the Council considers appropriate.

(10)

(11)

(12)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(13)

(e)

(1)

(A) an Inspector General described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (I) of subsection (b)(1);

(B) the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction established under section 1229 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 122 Stat. 378);

(C) the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program established under section 121 of title I of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5231); and

(D) the Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery established under section 4018 of the Coronavirus Economic Stabilization Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9053).

(2)

(A) to consolidate all public reports from each Office of Inspector General to improve the access of the public to any audit report, inspection report, or evaluation report (or portion of any such report) made by an Office of Inspector General; and

(B) that shall include any additional resources, information, and enhancements as the Council determines are necessary or desirable.

(3)

(4)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(b), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4256.)

This section was derived from section 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 11 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §§5204(b), 5232–5234, 5236, 5237, 5251, 5271, 5272(9), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3233–3235, 3237–3239, 3241, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4256, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 11 of Pub. L. 95–452 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (b)(3)(B)(viii)—

(A) by striking subclauses (III) and (IV);

(B) in subclause (I), by adding "and" at the end; and

(C) by amending subclause (II) to read as follows:

*"(II) the appropriate congressional committees.";*

(2) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by redesignating subparagraphs (E) through (I) as subparagraphs (F) through (J), respectively, and by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:

*"(E) support the professional development of Inspectors General, including by providing training opportunities on the duties, responsibilities, and authorities under this Act and on topics relevant to Inspectors General and the work of Inspectors General, as identified by Inspectors General and the Council.";*

(B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the following:

*"(D) REPORT ON EXPENDITURES*.—

(C) in paragraph (5)(B), by striking ", allegations of reprisal," and inserting "and allegations of reprisal (including the timely and appropriate handling and consideration of protected disclosures and allegations of reprisal that are internal to an Office of Inspector General)"; and

(3) in subsection (d)—

(A) in paragraph (5)(B)—

(i) in clause (ii), by striking the period at the end and inserting ", the length of time the Integrity Committee has been evaluating the allegation of wrongdoing, and a description of any previous written notice provided under this clause with respect to the allegation of wrongdoing, including the description provided for why additional time was needed."; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

*"(iii) AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION TO CONGRESS ON CERTAIN ALLEGATIONS OF WRONGDOING CLOSED WITHOUT REFERRAL*.—

*"(I) the Chair and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and*

*"(II) the Chair and Ranking Minority Member of the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives.";*

(B) in paragraph (7)(B)(i)(V), by inserting ", and that an investigation of an Office of Inspector General of an establishment is conducted by another Office of Inspector General of an establishment" after "size";

(C) in paragraph (8)—

(i) in subparagraph (A)(ii), by inserting "or corrective action" after "disciplinary action";

(ii) in subparagraph (A)(iii), by striking "to the" and all that follows through "jurisdiction" and inserting "to the appropriate congressional committees"; and

(iii) in subparagraph (B), by inserting "and the appropriate congressional committees" after "Integrity Committee"; and

(D) by amending paragraph (9) to read as follows:

*"(9) SEMIANNUAL REPORT*.—

*"(A) An overview and analysis of the allegations of wrongdoing disposed of by the Integrity Committee, including—*

*"(i) analysis of the positions held by individuals against whom allegations were made, including the duties affiliated with such positions;*

*"(ii) analysis of the categories or types of the allegations of wrongdoing; and*

*"(iii) a summary of disposition of all the allegations.*

*"(B) The number of allegations received by the Integrity Committee.*

*"(C) The number of allegations referred to the Department of Justice or the Office of Special Counsel, including the number of allegations referred for criminal investigation.*

*"(D) The number of allegations referred to the Chairperson of the Integrity Committee for investigation, a general description of the status of such investigations, and a summary of the findings of investigations completed.*

*"(E) An overview and analysis of allegations of wrongdoing received by the Integrity Committee during any previous reporting period, but remained pending during some part of the six months covered by the report, including—*

*"(i) analysis of the positions held by individuals against whom allegations were made, including the duties affiliated with such positions;*

*"(ii) analysis of the categories or types of the allegations of wrongdoing; and*

*"(iii) a summary of disposition of all the allegations.*

*"(F) The number and category or type of pending investigations.*

*"(G) For each allegation received—*

*"(i) the date on which the investigation was opened;*

*"(ii) the date on which the allegation was disposed of, as applicable; and*

*"(iii) the case number associated with the allegation.*

*"(H) The nature and number of allegations to the Integrity Committee closed without referral, including the justification for why each allegation was closed without referral.*

*"(I) A brief description of any difficulty encountered by the Integrity Committee when receiving, evaluating, investigating, or referring for investigation an allegation received by the Integrity Committee, including a brief description of—*

*"(i) any attempt to prevent or hinder an investigation; or*

*"(ii) concerns about the integrity or operations at an Office of Inspector General.*

*"(J) Other matters that the Council considers appropriate."*

For definition of "appropriate congressional committees" as seen in the above amendments by Pub. L. 117–263, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

424(a) through (e)(3) | 5 U.S.C. App. (IGA §11) | Pub. L. 95–452, §11, as added Pub. L. 110–409, §7(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4305; amended Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 114–113, div. M, title III, §304, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2913; Pub. L. 114–317, §§3, 7(b)(1)(B), (d)(2)(G), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1596, 1605, 1606; Pub. L. 115–192, §2(b), June 25, 2018, 132 Stat. 1503; Pub. L. 116–260, div. U, title V, §501(a), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2293. |

424(e)(4) | (no source) |


In subsection (b)(1)(I), the words "Government Publishing Office" are substituted for "Government Printing Office" because of section 1301(b) of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2015 (Public Law 113–235, div. H, 44 U.S.C. note prec. 301).

In subsection (b)(3)(B)(viii)(IV), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

In subsection (c)(1)(H), the words "section 103H of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3033)" are substituted for "section 3033 of title 50, United States Code" to correct the citation.

In subsection (c)(3)(C), the date "October 14, 2008" is substituted for "the date of enactment of this subsection" to reflect the date of enactment of the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–409, 122 Stat. 4302). Section 7(a) of the Inspector General Reform Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–409, 122 Stat. 4305) enacted section 11 (including subsection (c)) of the Inspector General Act of 1978.

In subsection (c)(3)(C), the words "the authority in that subparagraph" are substituted for "the authority in that paragraph" to correct an error in the law.

In subsection (c)(5)(A), the reference to "section 403(d)(1)(C) of this title" is substituted for "section 3(d)(C)" for clarity and to correct an error in the law. In section 11(c)(5)(A) of the Inspector General Act of 1978, as added by section 2(b) of the Whistleblower Protection Coordination Act (Public Law 115–192, 132 Stat. 1503), the reference to "section 3(d)(C)" should be to "section 3(d)(1)(C)". Section 3(d)(1)(C) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 is restated as "section 403(d)(1)(C) of this title" (i.e., section 403(d)(1)(C) of title 5, United States Code).

In subsection (d)(8)(A), at the end of clause (ii), the word "and" is omitted to correct an error in the law.

In subsection (d)(8)(A)(iii), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform" on authority of rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

In subsection (e)(1)(C), the word "Program" is substituted for the word "Plan" (in the phrase "Troubled Asset Relief *Program*") to correct an error in the law. In subsection (e)(1)(D), the words "Coronavirus Economic Stabilization Act of 2020" are substituted for "CARES Act" to use the applicable short title as provided in section 4001 of Public Law 116–136 (134 Stat. 469).

In subsection (e), paragraph (4) is added to carry forward the effective date provision from section 501(c) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260, div. U, title V, 134 Stat. 2294). Section 501(c) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 provides that: "This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date that is 30 days after the date of receipt by the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency of an appropriation for the implementation of this Act.". The scope of applicability for the effective date provision is unclear because the references to *this Act* are ambiguous. The references to *this Act* do not refer the entirety of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, because the references are limited by section 3 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116–260, 134 Stat. 1185), which provides that: "Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to 'this Act' contained in any division of this Act shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.". At most, therefore, the references to this Act refer only to the provisions of division U of the Act (beginning at 134 Stat. 2286). However, it is questionable whether Congress intends the effective date to apply to the entirety of division U. The relevant portion of division U appears to be limited to section 501 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. The effective date is clearly intended to apply to section 501 of the Act, but it is unclear whether it is intended to apply to other portions of division U. In the restatement, paragraph (4) of subsection (e) carries forward the effective date as a "no-source" provision, explicitly making the effective date apply to the provisions added by section 501 of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, while avoiding the repeal of section 501(c) of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, which continues to apply (or not) to other portions of division U to whatever extent Congress originally intended.

Section 1229 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B), is section 1229 of Pub. L. 110–181, which is set out as a note under section 415 of this title.

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title V, §15010, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 533, as amended by Pub. L. 116–260, div. O, title VIII, §801(b), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2155; Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §750, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 307, provided that:

"(a) In this section—

"(1) the term 'agency' has the meaning given the term in section 551 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means—

"(A) the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives;

"(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

"(C) the Committee on Oversight and Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives; and

"(D) any other relevant congressional committee of jurisdiction;

"(3) the term 'Chairperson' means the Chairperson of the Committee;

"(4) the term 'Council' means the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency established under section 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App) [see 5 U.S.C. 424];

"(5) the term 'Committee' means the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee established under subsection (b);

"(6) the term 'covered funds' means any funds, including loans, that are made available in any form to any non-Federal entity, not including an individual, under—

"(A) the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act [Pub. L. 116–136] (divisions A and B) [see Tables for classification];

"(B) the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116–123);

"(C) the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (Public Law 116–127);

"(D) the Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act (Public Law 116–139) [see Short Title of 2020 Amendment note set out under section 9001 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade];

"(E) divisions M and N of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 [Pub. L. 116–260, see Tables for classification]; or

"(F) the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117–2) [see Short Title of 2021 Amendment note set out under section 9001 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade];

"(7) the term 'Coronavirus response' means the Federal Government's response to the nationwide public health emergency declared by the Secretary of Health and Human Services, retroactive to January 27, 2020, pursuant to section 319 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 247d), as a result of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus (COVID–19) in the United States.

"(b) There is established within the Council the Pandemic Response Accountability Committee to promote transparency and conduct and support oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response to—

"(1) prevent and detect fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement; and

"(2) mitigate major risks that cut across program and agency boundaries.

"(c)(1) The Chairperson of the Committee shall be selected by the Chairperson of the Council from among Inspectors General described in subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of paragraph (2) with experience managing oversight of large organizations and expenditures.

"(2) The members of the Committee shall include—

"(A) the Chairperson;

"(B) the Inspectors General of the Departments of Defense, Education, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, Justice, Labor, and the Treasury;

"(C) the Inspector General of the Small Business Administration;

"(D) the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration; and

"(E) any other Inspector General, as designated by the Chairperson from any agency that expends or obligates covered funds or is involved in the Coronavirus response.

"(3)(A) There shall be an Executive Director and a Deputy Executive Director of the Committee.

"(B)(i)(I) Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 27, 2020], the Executive Director of the Committee shall be appointed by the Chairperson of the Council, in consultation with the majority leader of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the minority leader of the Senate, and the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

"(II) Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Deputy Executive Director of the Committee shall be appointed by the Chairperson of the Council, in consultation with the majority leader of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the minority leader of the Senate, the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and the Executive Director of the Committee.

"(ii) The Executive Director and the Deputy Executive Director of the Committee shall—

"(I) have demonstrated ability in accounting, auditing, and financial analysis;

"(II) have experience managing oversight of large organizations and expenditures; and

"(III) be full-time employees of the Committee.

"(C) The Executive Director of the Committee shall—

"(i) report directly to the Chairperson;

"(ii) appoint staff of the Committee, subject to the approval of the Chairperson, consistent with subsection (f);

"(iii) supervise and coordinate Committee functions and staff; and

"(iv) perform any other duties assigned to the Executive Director by the Committee.

"(4)(A) Members of the Committee may not receive additional compensation for services performed.

"(B) The Executive Director and Deputy Executive Director of the Committee shall be compensated at the rate of basic pay prescribed for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of title 5, United States Code.

"(d)(1)(A) The Committee shall conduct and coordinate oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response and support Inspectors General in the oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response in order to—

"(i) detect and prevent fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement; and

"(ii) identify major risks that cut across programs and agency boundaries.

"(B) The functions of the Committee shall include—

"(i) developing a strategic plan to ensure coordinated, efficient, and effective comprehensive oversight by the Committee and Inspectors General over all aspects of covered funds and the Coronavirus response;

"(ii) auditing or reviewing covered funds, including a comprehensive audit and review of charges made to Federal contracts pursuant to authorities provided in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act [Pub. L. 116–136], to determine whether wasteful spending, poor contract or grant management, or other abuses are occurring and referring matters the Committee considers appropriate for investigation to the Inspector General for the agency that disbursed the covered funds, including conducting randomized audits to identify fraud;

"(iii) reviewing whether the reporting of contracts and grants using covered funds meets applicable standards and specifies the purpose of the contract or grant and measures of performance;

"(iv) reviewing the economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of, and the detection of fraud, waste, abuse, and mismanagement in, Coronavirus response programs and operations;

"(v) reviewing whether competition requirements applicable to contracts and grants using covered funds have been satisfied;

"(vi) serving as a liaison to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Secretary of the Treasury, and other officials responsible for implementing the Coronavirus response;

"(vii) reviewing whether there are sufficient qualified acquisition, grant, and other applicable personnel overseeing covered funds and the Coronavirus response;

"(viii) reviewing whether personnel whose duties involve the Coronavirus response or acquisitions or grants made with covered funds or are otherwise related to the Coronavirus response receive adequate training, technology support, and other resources;

"(ix) reviewing whether there are appropriate mechanisms for interagency collaboration relating to the oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response, including coordinating and collaborating to the extent practicable with State and local government entities;

"(x) expeditiously reporting to the Attorney General any instance in which the Committee has reasonable grounds to believe there has been a violation of Federal criminal law; and

"(xi) coordinating and supporting Inspectors General on matters related to oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response.

"(2)(A)(i) The Committee shall submit to the President and Congress, including the appropriate congressional committees, management alerts on potential management, risk, and funding problems that require immediate attention.

"(ii) The Committee shall submit to Congress such other reports or provide such periodic updates on the work of the Committee as the Committee considers appropriate on the use of covered funds and the Coronavirus response.

"(B) The Committee shall submit biannual reports to the President and Congress, including the appropriate congressional committees, and may submit additional reports as appropriate—

"(i) summarizing the findings of the Committee; and

"(ii) identifying and quantifying the impact of any tax expenditures or credits authorized under this Act to the extent practicable.

"(C)(i) All reports submitted under this paragraph shall be made publicly available and posted on the website established under subsection (g).

"(ii) Any portion of a report submitted under this paragraph may be redacted when made publicly available, if that portion would disclose information that is not subject to disclosure under sections 552 and 552a of title 5, United States Code, or is otherwise prohibited from disclosure by law.

"(3)(A) The Committee shall make recommendations to agencies on measures to prevent or address fraud, waste, abuse and mismanagement, and to mitigate risks that cut across programs and agency boundaries, relating to covered funds and the Coronavirus response.

"(B) Not later than 30 days after receipt of a recommendation under subparagraph (A), an agency shall submit a report to the President and the appropriate congressional committees on—

"(i) whether the agency agrees or disagrees with the recommendations; and

"(ii) any actions the agency will take to implement the recommendations, which shall also be included in the report required under section 2(b) of the GAO–IG Act [Pub. L. 115–414] (31 U.S.C. 1105 note).

"(e)(1) The Committee shall conduct audits and reviews of programs, operations, and expenditures relating to covered funds and the Coronavirus response and coordinate on such activities with the Inspector General of the relevant agency to avoid unnecessary duplication and overlap of work.

"(2) The Committee may—

"(A) conduct its own independent investigations, audits, and reviews relating to covered funds or the Coronavirus response;

"(B) collaborate on audits and reviews relating to covered funds with any Inspector General of an agency; and

"(C) provide support to relevant agency Inspectors General in conducting investigations, audits, and reviews relating to the covered funds and Coronavirus response.

"(3)(A) In conducting and supporting investigations, audits, and reviews under this subsection, the Committee—

"(i) shall have the authorities provided under section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 406];

"(ii) may issue subpoenas to compel the testimony of persons who are not Federal officers or employees; and

"(iii) may enforce such subpoenas in the event of a refusal to obey by order of any appropriate United States district court as provided for under section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App).

"(B) The Committee shall carry out the powers under paragraphs (1) and (2) in accordance with section 4(b)(1) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 404(b)(1)].

"(C) Whenever information or assistance requested by the Committee or an Inspector General is unreasonably refused or not provided, the Committee shall immediately report the circumstances to the appropriate congressional committees.

"(D) The Committee shall leverage existing information technology resources within the Council, such as oversight.gov, to carry out the duties of the Committee.

"(4)(A) The Committee may hold public hearings and Committee personnel may conduct necessary inquiries.

"(B) The head of each agency shall make all officers and employees of that agency available to provide testimony to the Committee and Committee personnel.

"(C) The Committee may issue subpoenas to compel the testimony of persons who are not Federal officers or employees at such public hearings, which may be enforced in the same manner as provided for subpoenas under section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.).

"(5) The Committee may enter into contracts to enable the Committee to discharge its duties, including contracts and other arrangements for audits, studies, analyses, and other services with public agencies and with private persons, and make such payments as may be necessary to carry out the duties of the Committee.

"(6) The Committee may establish subcommittees to facilitate the ability of the Committee to discharge its duties.

"(7) The Committee may transfer funds appropriated to the Committee for expenses to support administrative support services and audits, reviews, or other activities related to oversight by the Committee of covered funds or the Coronavirus response to any Office of the Inspector General or the General Services Administration.

"(f)(1)(A)(i) Subject to subparagraph (B), the Committee may exercise the authorities of subsections (b) through (i) of section 3161 of title 5, United States Code (without regard to subsection (a) of that section) to carry out the functions of the Committee under this section.

"(ii) For purposes of exercising the authorities described under clause (i), the term 'Chairperson' shall be substituted for the term 'head of a temporary organization'.

"(iii) In exercising the authorities described in clause (i), the Chairperson shall consult with members of the Committee.

"(iv) In addition to the authority provided by section 3161(c) of title 5, United States Code, upon the request of an Inspector General, the Committee may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any personnel of the Council to that Inspector General to assist in carrying out any audit, review, or investigation pertaining to the oversight of covered funds or the Coronavirus response.

"(B) In exercising the employment authorities under section 3161(b) of title 5, United States Code, as provided under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph—

"(i) section 3161(b)(2) of that title (relating to periods of appointments) shall not apply; and

"(ii) no period of appointment may exceed the date on which the Committee terminates.

"(C)(i) A person employed by the Committee shall acquire competitive status for appointment to any position in the competitive service for which the employee possesses the required qualifications upon the completion of 2 years of continuous service as an employee under this subsection.

"(ii) No person who is first employed as described in clause (i) more than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act may acquire competitive status under clause (i).

"(2)(A) The Committee may employ annuitants covered by section 9902(g) of title 5, United States Code, for purposes of the oversight of covered funds or the Coronavirus response.

"(B) The employment of annuitants under this paragraph shall be subject to the provisions of section 9902(g) of title 5, United States Code, as if the Committee was the Department of Defense.

"(3) Upon request of the Committee for information or assistance from any agency or other entity of the Federal Government, the head of such entity shall, insofar as is practicable and not in contravention of any existing law, and consistent with section 6 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.), furnish such information or assistance to the Committee, or an authorized designee, including an Inspector General designated by the Chairperson.

"(4) Any Inspector General responsible for conducting oversight related to covered funds or the Coronavirus response may, consistent with the duties, responsibilities, policies, and procedures of the Inspector General, provide information requested by the Committee or an Inspector General on the Committee relating to the responsibilities of the Committee.

"(g)(1)(A) Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Committee shall establish and maintain a user-friendly, public-facing website to foster greater accountability and transparency in the use of covered funds and the Coronavirus response, which shall have a uniform resource locator that is descriptive and memorable.

"(B) The Committee shall leverage existing information technology and resources, such as oversight.gov, to the greatest extent practicable to meet the requirements under this section.

"(2) The website established and maintained under paragraph (1) shall be a portal or gateway to key information relating to the oversight of covered funds and the Coronavirus response and provide connections to other Government websites with related information.

"(3) In establishing and maintaining the website under paragraph (1), the Committee shall ensure the following:

"(A) The website shall provide materials and information explaining the Coronavirus response and how covered funds are being used. The materials shall be easy to understand and regularly updated.

"(i) [sic; cls. (i) to (xiii) probably should be subpars. (B) to (N)] The website shall provide accountability information, including findings from Inspectors General, including any progress reports, audits, inspections, or other reports, including reports from or links to reports on the website of the Government Accountability Office.

"(ii) The website shall provide data on relevant operational, economic, financial, grant, subgrant, contract, and subcontract information in user-friendly visual presentations to enhance public awareness of the use of covered funds and the Coronavirus response.

"(iii) The website shall provide detailed data on any Federal Government awards that expend covered funds, including a unique trackable identification number for each project, information about the process that was used to award the covered funds, and for any covered funds over $150,000, a detailed explanation of any associated agreement, where applicable.

"(iv) The website shall include downloadable, machine-readable, open format reports on covered funds obligated by month to each State and congressional district, where applicable.

"(v) The website shall provide a means for the public to give feedback on the performance of any covered funds and of the Coronavirus response, including confidential feedback.

"(vi) The website shall include detailed information on Federal Government awards that expend covered funds, including data elements required under the Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006 [Pub. L. 109–282] (31 U.S.C. 6101 note), allowing aggregate reporting on awards below $50,000, as prescribed by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

"(vii) The website shall provide a link to estimates of the jobs sustained or created by this Act to the extent practicable.

"(viii) The website shall include appropriate links to other government websites with information concerning covered funds and the Coronavirus response, including Federal agency and State websites.

"(ix) The website shall include a plan from each Federal agency for using covered funds.

"(x) The website shall provide information on Federal allocations of mandatory and other entitlement programs by State, county, or other geographical unit related to covered funds or the Coronavirus response.

"(xi) The website shall present the data such that funds subawarded by recipients are not double counted in search results, data visualizations, or other reports.

"(xii) The website shall include all recommendations made to agencies relating to covered funds and the Coronavirus response, as well as the status of each recommendation.

"(xiii) The website shall be enhanced and updated as necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.

"(4) The Committee may exclude posting contractual or other information on the website on a case-by-case basis when necessary to protect national security or to protect information that is not subject to disclosure under sections 552 and 552a of title 5, United States Code.

"(h)(1) Nothing in this section shall affect the independent authority of an Inspector General to determine whether to conduct an audit or investigation of covered funds or the Coronavirus response.

"(2) If the Committee requests that an Inspector General of an agency conduct or refrain from conducting an audit or investigation and the Inspector General rejects the request in whole or in part, the Inspector General shall, not later than 30 days after rejecting the request, submit a report to the Committee, the head of the applicable agency, and the appropriate congressional committees, that states the reasons that the Inspector General has rejected the request in whole or in part.

"(i) The Committee shall coordinate its oversight activities with the Comptroller General of the United States and State auditors.

"(j) For the purposes of carrying out the mission of the Committee under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the duties and functions of the Committee.

"(k) The Committee shall terminate on September 30, 2025."

[For definition of "coronavirus" as used in section 15010 of Pub. L. 116–136, set out above, see section 23005 of Pub. L. 116–136, set out as a note under section 162b of Title 2, The Congress.]

Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §989E, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1946, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

"(B) The Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

"(C) The Department of Housing and Urban Development.

"(D) The Department of the Treasury.

"(E) The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

"(F) The Federal Housing Finance Agency.

"(G) The National Credit Union Administration.

"(H) The Securities and Exchange Commission.

"(I) The Troubled Asset Relief Program (until the termination of the authority of the Special Inspector General for such program under section 121(k) of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5231(k))).

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) for each inspector general who is a member of the Council of Inspectors General, a section within the exclusive editorial control of such inspector general that highlights the concerns and recommendations of such inspector general in such inspector general's ongoing and completed work, with a focus on issues that may apply to the broader financial sector; and

"(ii) a summary of the general observations of the Council of Inspectors General based on the views expressed by each inspector general as required by clause (i), with a focus on measures that should be taken to improve financial oversight.

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(b)

Pub. L. 111–15, §7, Apr. 24, 2009, 123 Stat. 1605, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(b)(20), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4345, provided that: "The Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction and the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction shall be a [sic] members of the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and Efficiency established under section 424 of title 5, United States Code, until the date of termination of the Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction and the Office of the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, respectively."







**2004**—Pub. L. 108–401, §2(b)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2255, substituted "Purposes" for "Purpose" in item 591.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–320, §§4(b)(2), 10(b), 11(b)(2), (d)(2), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871, 3873, 3874, in item 569 substituted "Encouraging negotiated rulemaking" for "Role of the Administrative Conference of the United States and other entities", added items 570a and 584, and struck out item 582 "Compilation of information".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §4, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 945, substituted headings of subchapters III, IV, and V and items 561 to 570, 571 to 583, and 591 to 596 for former heading of subchapter III and former items 571 to 576 relating to Administrative Conference of the United States, former heading of subchapter IV and former items 581 to 593 relating to alternative means of dispute resolution in the administrative process, and former heading of subchapter IV and former items 581 to 590 relating to negotiated rulemaking procedure.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–648, §3(b), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4976, added heading of subchapter IV and items 581 to 590 relating to negotiated rulemaking procedure.

Pub. L. 101–552, §4(c), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2745, added heading of subchapter IV and items 581 to 593 [renumbered 571 to 583] relating to alternative means of dispute resolution.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–470, §2(b), Oct. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 1198, substituted "Authorization of appropriations" for "Appropriations" in item 576.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–80, §6, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186, revived item 504 and repealed Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §203(c), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2327, which provided for the repeal, effective Oct. 1, 1984, of item 504.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §203(a)(2), (c), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2327, added item 504 "Costs and fees of parties", and repealed that item effective Oct. 1, 1984.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–409, §3(b), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1246, added item 552b.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–579, §4, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1905, added item 552a.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(1)(B), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 195, added item 500.

Pub. L. 90–23, §2, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 56, substituted "Public information; agency rules, opinions, orders, records and proceedings" for "Publication of information, rules, opinions, orders, and public records" in item 552.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency" has the meaning given it by section 551 of this title; and

(2) "State" means a State, a territory or possession of the United States including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.

(b) An individual who is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of a State may represent a person before an agency on filing with the agency a written declaration that he is currently qualified as provided by this subsection and is authorized to represent the particular person in whose behalf he acts.

(c) An individual who is duly qualified to practice as a certified public accountant in a State may represent a person before the Internal Revenue Service of the Treasury Department on filing with that agency a written declaration that he is currently qualified as provided by this subsection and is authorized to represent the particular person in whose behalf he acts.

(d) This section does not—

(1) grant or deny to an individual who is not qualified as provided by subsection (b) or (c) of this section the right to appear for or represent a person before an agency or in an agency proceeding;

(2) authorize or limit the discipline, including disbarment, of individuals who appear in a representative capacity before an agency;

(3) authorize an individual who is a former employee of an agency to represent a person before an agency when the representation is prohibited by statute or regulation; or

(4) prevent an agency from requiring a power of attorney as a condition to the settlement of a controversy involving the payment of money.

(e) Subsections (b)–(d) of this section do not apply to practice before the United States Patent and Trademark Office with respect to patent matters that continue to be covered by chapter 3 (sections 31–33) of title 35.

(f) When a participant in a matter before an agency is represented by an individual qualified under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, a notice or other written communication required or permitted to be given the participant in the matter shall be given to the representative in addition to any other service specifically required by statute. When a participant is represented by more than one such qualified representative, service on any one of the representatives is sufficient.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(1)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 195; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4732(b)(2)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–583.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Revised Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

500(a) | 5 App.: 1014. | Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–332, §3, 79 Stat. 1281. |

500(b)–(e) | 5 App.: 1012. | Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–332, §1, 79 Stat. 1281. |

500(f) | 5 App.: 1013. | Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–332, §2, 79 Stat. 1281. |


The definition of "State" in subsection (a)(2) is supplied for convenience and is based on the words "State, possession, territory, Commonwealth, or District of Columbia" in subsections (a) and (b) of 5 App. U.S.C. 1012.

In subsection (d), the words "This section does not" are substituted for "nothing herein shall be construed".

In subsection (d)(3), the word "employee" is substituted for "officer or employee" to conform to the definition of "employee" in 5 U.S.C. 2105.

**1999**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–113 substituted "United States Patent and Trademark Office" for "Patent Office".

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

An individual, firm, or corporation practicing before an agency of the United States may not use the name of a Member of either House of Congress or of an individual in the service of the United States in advertising the business.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 381.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 101. | Apr. 27, 1916, ch. 89, §1, 39 Stat. 54. |


The words "may not" are substituted for "It shall be unlawful for". The words "agency of the United States" are substituted for "any department or office of the Government". The words "an individual in the service of the United States" are substituted for "officer of the Government" in view of the definitions in sections 2104 and 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Membership in a reserve component of the armed forces or in the National Guard does not prevent an individual from practicing his civilian profession or occupation before, or in connection with, an agency of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 381.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 30r(c) (2d sentence). | Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §29(c) (2d sentence), 70A Stat. 632. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5721 of this title.

(b) A witness is entitled to the fees and allowances allowed by statute for witnesses in the courts of the United States when—

(1) he is subpenaed under section 304(a) of this title; or

(2) he is subpenaed to and appears at a hearing before an agency authorized by law to hold hearings and subpena witnesses to attend the hearings.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 381.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 95. | R.S. §185. | |

5 U.S.C. 95a. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §10, 60 Stat. 809. |


Former sections 95 and 95a are combined and restated for clarity and brevity. The words "or expenses in the case of Government officers and employees" are omitted as covered by section 1823 of title 28. The word "agency" is substituted for "department" and defined to conform to the definition of "department" in section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a)(1) An agency that conducts an adversary adjudication shall award, to a prevailing party other than the United States, fees and other expenses incurred by that party in connection with that proceeding, unless the adjudicative officer of the agency finds that the position of the agency was substantially justified or that special circumstances make an award unjust. Whether or not the position of the agency was substantially justified shall be determined on the basis of the administrative record, as a whole, which is made in the adversary adjudication for which fees and other expenses are sought.

(2) A party seeking an award of fees and other expenses shall, within thirty days of a final disposition in the adversary adjudication, submit to the agency an application which shows that the party is a prevailing party and is eligible to receive an award under this section, and the amount sought, including an itemized statement from any attorney, agent, or expert witness representing or appearing in behalf of the party stating the actual time expended and the rate at which fees and other expenses were computed. The party shall also allege that the position of the agency was not substantially justified. When the United States appeals the underlying merits of an adversary adjudication, no decision on an application for fees and other expenses in connection with that adversary adjudication shall be made under this section until a final and unreviewable decision is rendered by the court on the appeal or until the underlying merits of the case have been finally determined pursuant to the appeal.

(3) The adjudicative officer of the agency may reduce the amount to be awarded, or deny an award, to the extent that the party during the course of the proceedings engaged in conduct which unduly and unreasonably protracted the final resolution of the matter in controversy. The decision of the adjudicative officer of the agency under this section shall be made a part of the record containing the final decision of the agency and shall include written findings and conclusions and the reason or basis therefor. The decision of the agency on the application for fees and other expenses shall be the final administrative decision under this section.

(4) If, in an adversary adjudication arising from an agency action to enforce a party's compliance with a statutory or regulatory requirement, the demand by the agency is substantially in excess of the decision of the adjudicative officer and is unreasonable when compared with such decision, under the facts and circumstances of the case, the adjudicative officer shall award to the party the fees and other expenses related to defending against the excessive demand, unless the party has committed a willful violation of law or otherwise acted in bad faith, or special circumstances make an award unjust. Fees and expenses awarded under this paragraph shall be paid only as a consequence of appropriations provided in advance.

(b)(1) For the purposes of this section—

(A) "fees and other expenses" includes the reasonable expenses of expert witnesses, the reasonable cost of any study, analysis, engineering report, test, or project which is found by the agency to be necessary for the preparation of the party's case, and reasonable attorney or agent fees (The amount of fees awarded under this section shall be based upon prevailing market rates for the kind and quality of the services furnished, except that (i) no expert witness shall be compensated at a rate in excess of the highest rate of compensation for expert witnesses paid by the agency involved, and (ii) attorney or agent fees shall not be awarded in excess of $125 per hour unless the agency determines by regulation that an increase in the cost of living or a special factor, such as the limited availability of qualified attorneys or agents for the proceedings involved, justifies a higher fee.);

(B) "party" means a party, as defined in section 551(3) of this title, who is (i) an individual whose net worth did not exceed $2,000,000 at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated, or (ii) any owner of an unincorporated business, or any partnership, corporation, association, unit of local government, or organization, the net worth of which did not exceed $7,000,000 at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated, and which had not more than 500 employees at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated; except that an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code, or a cooperative association as defined in section 15(a) of the Agricultural Marketing Act (12 U.S.C. 1141j(a)), may be a party regardless of the net worth of such organization or cooperative association or for purposes of subsection (a)(4), a small entity as defined in section 601;

(C) "adversary adjudication" means (i) an adjudication under section 554 of this title in which the position of the United States is represented by counsel or otherwise, but excludes an adjudication for the purpose of establishing or fixing a rate or for the purpose of granting or renewing a license, (ii) any appeal of a decision made pursuant to section 7103 of title 41 before an agency board of contract appeals as provided in section 7105 of title 41, (iii) any hearing conducted under chapter 38 of title 31, and (iv) the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993;

(D) "adjudicative officer" means the deciding official, without regard to whether the official is designated as an administrative law judge, a hearing officer or examiner, or otherwise, who presided at the adversary adjudication;

(E) "position of the agency" means, in addition to the position taken by the agency in the adversary adjudication, the action or failure to act by the agency upon which the adversary adjudication is based; except that fees and other expenses may not be awarded to a party for any portion of the adversary adjudication in which the party has unreasonably protracted the proceedings; and

(F) "demand" means the express demand of the agency which led to the adversary adjudication, but does not include a recitation by the agency of the maximum statutory penalty (i) in the administrative complaint, or (ii) elsewhere when accompanied by an express demand for a lesser amount.

(2) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (1), the definitions provided in section 551 of this title apply to this section.

(c)(1) After consultation with the Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States, each agency shall by rule establish uniform procedures for the submission and consideration of applications for an award of fees and other expenses. If a court reviews the underlying decision of the adversary adjudication, an award for fees and other expenses may be made only pursuant to section 2412(d)(3) of title 28.

(2) If a party other than the United States is dissatisfied with a determination of fees and other expenses made under subsection (a), that party may, within 30 days after the determination is made, appeal the determination to the court of the United States having jurisdiction to review the merits of the underlying decision of the agency adversary adjudication. The court's determination on any appeal heard under this paragraph shall be based solely on the factual record made before the agency. The court may modify the determination of fees and other expenses only if the court finds that the failure to make an award of fees and other expenses, or the calculation of the amount of the award, was unsupported by substantial evidence.

(d) Fees and other expenses awarded under this subsection shall be paid by any agency over which the party prevails from any funds made available to the agency by appropriation or otherwise.

(e)(1) Not later than March 31 of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, and every fiscal year thereafter, the Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States, after consultation with the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration, shall submit to Congress and make publicly available online a report on the amount of fees and other expenses awarded during the preceding fiscal year under this section.

(2) Each report under paragraph (1) shall describe the number, nature, and amount of the awards, the claims involved in the controversy, and any other relevant information that may aid Congress in evaluating the scope and impact of such awards.

(3)(A) Each report under paragraph (1) shall account for all payments of fees and other expenses awarded under this section that are made pursuant to a settlement agreement, regardless of whether the settlement agreement is sealed or otherwise subject to a nondisclosure provision.

(B) The disclosure of fees and other expenses required under subparagraph (A) shall not affect any other information that is subject to a nondisclosure provision in a settlement agreement.

(f) As soon as practicable, and in any event not later than the date on which the first report under subsection (e)(1) is required to be submitted, the Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States shall create and maintain online a searchable database containing, with respect to each award of fees and other expenses under this section made on or after the date of enactment of the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, the following information:

(1) The case name and number of the adversary adjudication, if available, hyperlinked to the case, if available.

(2) The name of the agency involved in the adversary adjudication.

(3) A description of the claims in the adversary adjudication.

(4) The name of each party to whom the award was made as such party is identified in the order or other court document making the award.

(5) The amount of the award.

(6) The basis for the finding that the position of the agency concerned was not substantially justified.

(g) The online searchable database described in subsection (f) may not reveal any information the disclosure of which is prohibited by law or a court order.

(h) The head of each agency shall provide to the Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States in a timely manner all information requested by the Chairman to comply with the requirements of subsections (e), (f), and (g).

(i) No award may be made under this section for costs, fees, or other expenses which may be awarded under section 7430 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(Added Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §203(a)(1), (c), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2325, 2327; revived and amended Pub. L. 99–80, §§1, 6, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 183, 186; Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6103(c), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100–647, title VI, §6239(b), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3746; Pub. L. 103–141, §4(b), Nov. 16, 1993, 107 Stat. 1489; Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §231, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(1), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841; Pub. L. 116–9, title IV, §4201(a)(1), Mar. 12, 2019, 133 Stat. 762.)

The Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iv), is Pub. L. 103–141, Nov. 16, 1993, 107 Stat. 1488, which is classified principally to chapter 21B (§2000bb et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000bb of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the John D. Dingell, Jr. Conservation, Management, and Recreation Act, referred to in subsecs. (e)(1) and (f), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 116–9, which was approved Mar. 12, 2019.

Section 7430 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (i), is classified to section 7430 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2019**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 116–9, §4201(a)(1)(A), struck out ", United States Code" after "title 28".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–9, §4201(a)(1)(C), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: "The Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States, after consultation with the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration, shall report annually to the Congress on the amount of fees and other expenses awarded during the preceding fiscal year pursuant to this section. The report shall describe the number, nature, and amount of the awards, the claims involved in the controversy, and any other relevant information which may aid the Congress in evaluating the scope and impact of such awards. Each agency shall provide the Chairman with such information as is necessary for the Chairman to comply with the requirements of this subsection."

Subsecs. (f) to (i). Pub. L. 116–9, §4201(a)(1)(B), (C), added subsecs. (f) to (h) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (i).

**2011**—Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 7103 of title 41" for "section 6 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 605)" and "section 7105 of title 41" for "section 8 of that Act (41 U.S.C. 607)".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 104–121, §231(a), added par. (4).

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 104–121, §231(b)(1), substituted "$125" for "$75".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–121, §231(b)(2), inserted before semicolon at end "or for purposes of subsection (a)(4), a small entity as defined in section 601".

Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 104–121, §231(b)(3)–(5), added subpar. (F).

**1993**—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 103–141 added cl. (iv).

**1988**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–647 added subsec. (f).

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 99–509 added cl. (iii).

**1985**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(a)(1), (2), struck out "as a party to the proceeding" after "the position of the agency", and inserted "Whether or not the position of the agency was substantially justified shall be determined on the basis of the administrative record, as a whole, which is made in the adversary adjudication for which fees and other expenses are sought."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(b), inserted "When the United States appeals the underlying merits of an adversary adjudication, no decision on an application for fees and other expenses in connection with that adversary adjudication shall be made under this section until a final and unreviewable decision is rendered by the court on the appeal or until the underlying merits of the case have been finally determined pursuant to the appeal."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(a)(3), inserted "The decision of the agency on the application for fees and other expenses shall be the final administrative decision under this section."

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(c)(1), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: " 'party' means a party, as defined in section 551(3) of this title, which is an individual, partnership, corporation, association, or public or private organization other than an agency, but excludes (i) any individual whose net worth exceeded $1,000,000 at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated, and any sole owner of an unincorporated business, or any partnership, corporation, association, or organization whose net worth exceeded $5,000,000 at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated, except that an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3)) exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of the Code and a cooperative association as defined in section 15(a) of the Agricultural Marketing Act (12 U.S.C. 1141j(a)), may be a party regardless of the net worth of such organization or cooperative association, and (ii) any sole owner of an unincorporated business, or any partnership, corporation, association, or organization, having more than 500 employees at the time the adversary adjudication was initiated;".

Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(c)(2), designated existing provisions of subpar. (C) as cl. (i) thereof by inserting "(i)" before "an adjudication under", added cl. (ii), and struck out "and" after the semicolon at the end.

Subsec. (b)(1)(D), (E). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(c)(3), substituted "; and" for the period at end of subpar. (D), and added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(d), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "A party dissatisfied with the fee determination made under subsection (a) may petition for leave to appeal to the court of the United States having jurisdiction to review the merits of the underlying decision of the agency adversary adjudication. If the court denies the petition for leave to appeal, no appeal may be taken from the denial. If the court grants the petition, it may modify the determination only if it finds that the failure to make an award, or the calculation of the amount of the award, was an abuse of discretion."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–80, §1(e), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows:

"(1) Fees and other expenses awarded under this section may be paid by any agency over which the party prevails from any funds made available to the agency, by appropriation or otherwise, for such purpose. If not paid by any agency, the fees and other expenses shall be paid in the same manner as the payment of final judgments is made pursuant to section 2414 of title 28, United States Code.

"(2) There is authorized to be appropriated to each agency for each of the fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984, such sums as may be necessary to pay fees and other expenses awarded under this section in such fiscal years."

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–481, §203(c), which provided for the repeal of this section effective Oct. 1, 1984, was itself repealed and this section was revived by section 6 of Pub. L. 99–80, set out as a note below.

Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §233, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 864, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 331 and 332 [probably means sections 231 and 232, amending this section and section 2412 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] shall apply to civil actions and adversary adjudications commenced on or after the date of the enactment of this subtitle [Mar. 29, 1996]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 applicable to proceedings commencing after Nov. 10, 1988, see section 6239(d) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 7430 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–509 effective Oct. 21, 1986, and applicable to any claim or statement made, presented or submitted on or after such date, see section 6104 of Pub. L. 99–509, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3801 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Pub. L. 99–80, §7, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §208, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2330, as amended by Pub. L. 99–80, §5, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186, provided that: "This title and the amendments made by this title [see Short Title note below] shall take effect of [on] October 1, 1981, and shall apply to any adversary adjudication, as defined in section 504(b)(1)(C) of title 5, United States Code, and any civil action or adversary adjudication described in section 2412 of title 28, United States Code, which is pending on, or commenced on or after, such date. Awards may be made for fees and other expenses incurred before October 1, 1981, in any such adversary adjudication or civil action."

Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §203(c), Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2327, which provided that effective Oct. 1, 1984, this section is repealed, except that the provisions of this section shall continue to apply through final disposition of any adversary adjudication initiated before the date of repeal, was itself repealed by Pub. L. 99–80, §6(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186.

Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §201, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2325, provided that: "This title [enacting this section, amending section 634 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 2412 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, set out in Title 28 Appendix, and section 1988 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 2412 of Title 28] may be cited as the 'Equal Access to Justice Act'."

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (e) of this section relating to annual report to Congress on the amount of fees and other expenses, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 153 of House Document No. 103–7.

For termination of Administrative Conference of United States, see provision of title IV of Pub. L. 104–52, set out as a note preceding section 591 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–377, title V, §502, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1342, provided that: "None of the funds in this Act or subsequent Energy and Water Development Appropriations Acts shall be used to pay the expenses of, or otherwise compensate, parties intervening in regulatory or adjudicatory proceedings funded in such Acts."

Pub. L. 99–80, §6, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) Section 203(c) of the Equal Access to Justice Act [which repealed this section] is hereby repealed.

"(2) Section 204(c) of the Equal Access to Justice Act [which repealed section 2412(d) of title 28] is hereby repealed."

Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §202, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2325, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds that certain individuals, partnerships, corporations, and labor and other organizations may be deterred from seeking review of, or defending against, unreasonable governmental action because of the expense involved in securing the vindication of their rights in civil actions and in administrative proceedings.

"(b) The Congress further finds that because of the greater resources and expertise of the United States the standard for an award of fees against the United States should be different from the standard governing an award against a private litigant, in certain situations.

"(c) It is the purpose of this title [see Short Title note above]—

"(1) to diminish the deterrent effect of seeking review of, or defending against, governmental action by providing in specified situations an award of attorney fees, expert witness fees, and other costs against the United States; and

"(2) to insure the applicability in actions by or against the United States of the common law and statutory exceptions to the 'American rule' respecting the award of attorney fees."

Pub. L. 96–481, title II, §207, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2330, which provided that the payment of judgments, fees and other expenses in the same manner as the payment of final judgments as provided in this Act [probably should be "this title", see Short Title note above] would be effective only to the extent and in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–80, §4, Aug. 5, 1985, 99 Stat. 186.

The provisions of this subchapter and chapter 7 of this title were originally enacted by act June 11, 1946, ch. 324, 60 Stat. 237, popularly known as the "Administrative Procedure Act". That Act was repealed as part of the general revision of this title by Pub. L. 89–554 and its provisions incorporated into this subchapter and chapter 7 hereof.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means each authority of the Government of the United States, whether or not it is within or subject to review by another agency, but does not include—

(A) the Congress;

(B) the courts of the United States;

(C) the governments of the territories or possessions of the United States;

(D) the government of the District of Columbia;

or except as to the requirements of section 552 of this title—

(E) agencies composed of representatives of the parties or of representatives of organizations of the parties to the disputes determined by them;

(F) courts martial and military commissions;

(G) military authority exercised in the field in time of war or in occupied territory; or

(H) functions conferred by sections 1738, 1739, 1743, and 1744 of title 12; subchapter II of chapter 471 of title 49; or sections 1884, 1891–1902, and former section 1641(b)(2), of title 50, appendix; 1

(2) "person" includes an individual, partnership, corporation, association, or public or private organization other than an agency;

(3) "party" includes a person or agency named or admitted as a party, or properly seeking and entitled as of right to be admitted as a party, in an agency proceeding, and a person or agency admitted by an agency as a party for limited purposes;

(4) "rule" means the whole or a part of an agency statement of general or particular applicability and future effect designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or describing the organization, procedure, or practice requirements of an agency and includes the approval or prescription for the future of rates, wages, corporate or financial structures or reorganizations thereof, prices, facilities, appliances, services or allowances therefor or of valuations, costs, or accounting, or practices bearing on any of the foregoing;

(5) "rule making" means agency process for formulating, amending, or repealing a rule;

(6) "order" means the whole or a part of a final disposition, whether affirmative, negative, injunctive, or declaratory in form, of an agency in a matter other than rule making but including licensing;

(7) "adjudication" means agency process for the formulation of an order;

(8) "license" includes the whole or a part of an agency permit, certificate, approval, registration, charter, membership, statutory exemption or other form of permission;

(9) "licensing" includes agency process respecting the grant, renewal, denial, revocation, suspension, annulment, withdrawal, limitation, amendment, modification, or conditioning of a license;

(10) "sanction" includes the whole or a part of an agency—

(A) prohibition, requirement, limitation, or other condition affecting the freedom of a person;

(B) withholding of relief;

(C) imposition of penalty or fine;

(D) destruction, taking, seizure, or withholding of property;

(E) assessment of damages, reimbursement, restitution, compensation, costs, charges, or fees;

(F) requirement, revocation, or suspension of a license; or

(G) taking other compulsory or restrictive action;

(11) "relief" includes the whole or a part of an agency—

(A) grant of money, assistance, license, authority, exemption, exception, privilege, or remedy;

(B) recognition of a claim, right, immunity, privilege, exemption, or exception; or

(C) taking of other action on the application or petition of, and beneficial to, a person;

(12) "agency proceeding" means an agency process as defined by paragraphs (5), (7), and (9) of this section;

(13) "agency action" includes the whole or a part of an agency rule, order, license, sanction, relief, or the equivalent or denial thereof, or failure to act; and

(14) "ex parte communication" means an oral or written communication not on the public record with respect to which reasonable prior notice to all parties is not given, but it shall not include requests for status reports on any matter or proceeding covered by this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 94–409, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(a), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1) | 5 U.S.C. 1001(a). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §2(a), 60 Stat. 237. |

Aug. 8, 1946, ch. 870, §302, 60 Stat. 918. | ||

Aug. 10, 1946, ch. 951, §601, 60 Stat. 993. | ||

Mar. 31, 1947, ch. 30, §6(a), 61 Stat. 37. | ||

June 30, 1947, ch. 163, §210, 61 Stat. 201. | ||

Mar. 30, 1948, ch. 161, §301, 62 Stat. 99. | ||

(2)–(13) | 5 U.S.C. 1001 (less (a)). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §2 (less (a)), 60 Stat. 237. |


In paragraph (1), the sentence "Nothing in this Act shall be construed to repeal delegations of authority as provided by law," is omitted as surplusage since there is nothing in the Act which could reasonably be so construed.

In paragraph (1)(G), the words "or naval" are omitted as included in "military".

In paragraph (1)(H), the words "functions which by law expire on the termination of present hostilities, within any fixed period thereafter, or before July 1, 1947" are omitted as executed. Reference to the "Selective Training and Service Act of 1940" is omitted as that Act expired Mar. 31, 1947. Reference to the "Sugar Control Extension Act of 1947" is omitted as that Act expired on Mar. 31, 1948. References to the "Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended" and the "Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946" have been consolidated as they are related. The reference to former section 1641(b)(2) of title 50, appendix, is retained notwithstanding its repeal by §111(a)(1) of the Act of Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87–256, 75 Stat. 538, since §111(c) of the Act provides that a reference in other Acts to a provision of law repealed by §111(a) shall be considered to be a reference to the appropriate provisions of Pub. L. 87–256.

In paragraph (2), the words "of any character" are omitted as surplusage.

In paragraph (3), the words "and a person or agency admitted by an agency as a party for limited purposes" are substituted for "but nothing herein shall be construed to prevent an agency from admitting any person or agency as a party for limited purposes".

In paragraph (9), a comma is supplied between the words "limitation" and "amendment" to correct an editorial error of omission.

In paragraph (10)(C), the words "of any form" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Sections 1884 and 1891–1902 of title 50, appendix, referred to in par. (1)(H), were a part of the various Housing and Rent Acts which were classified to section 1881 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and had been repealed or omitted from the Code as executed prior to the elimination of the Appendix to Title 50. See Elimination of Title 50, Appendix note preceding section 1 of Title 50. Section 1641 of title 50, appendix, referred to in par. (1)(H), was repealed by Pub. L. 87–256, §111(a)(1), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538. See Historical and Revision Note above.

Section 551 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2242 of Title 7, Agriculture.

**2011**—Par. (1)(H). Pub. L. 111–350 struck out "chapter 2 of title 41;" after "title 12;".

**1994**—Par. (1)(H). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "subchapter II of chapter 471 of title 49; or sections" for "or sections 1622,".

**1976**—Par. (14). Pub. L. 94–409 added par. (14).

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–409 effective 180 days after Sept. 13, 1976, see section 6 of Pub. L. 94–409, set out as an Effective Date note under section 552b of this title.

Pub. L. 118–5, div. B, title III, June 3, 2023, 137 Stat. 31, provided that:

"This title may be cited as the 'Administrative Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2023'.

"In this title—

"(1) the term 'administrative action' means a 'rule' as defined in section 804(3) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'agency' means any authority of the United States that is an 'agency' under section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in section 3502(5) of such title;

"(3) the term 'covered discretionary administrative action' means a discretionary administrative action that would affect direct spending;

"(4) the term 'direct spending' has the meaning given that term in section 250(c) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900(c));

"(5) the term 'Director' means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

"(6) the term 'discretionary administrative action'—

"(A) means any administrative action that is not required by law; and

"(B) includes an administrative action required by law for which an agency has discretion in the manner in which to implement the administrative action; and

"(7) the term 'increase direct spending' means that the amount of direct spending would increase relative to—

"(A) the most recently submitted projection of the amount of direct spending presented in baseline estimates as defined in section 257 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 [2 U.S.C. 907], as amended, under—

"(i) the budget of the President submitted under section 1105 of title 31, United States Code; or

"(ii) the supplemental summary of the budget submitted under section 1106 of title 31, United States Code;

"(B) with respect to a discretionary administrative action that is incorporated into the applicable projection described in subparagraph (A) and for which a proposal has not been submitted under section 263(a)(2)(A), a projection of the amount of direct spending if no administrative action were taken; or

"(C) with respect to a discretionary administrative action described in paragraph (6)(B), a projection of the amount of direct spending under the least costly implementation option reasonably identifiable by the agency that meets the requirements under the statute.

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(b)

"(1) submit to the Director a written opinion by the general counsel of the agency, or the equivalent employee of the agency, explaining that legal conclusion;

"(2) submit to the Director a projection of the amount of direct spending under the least costly implementation option reasonably identifiable by the agency that meets the requirements under the statute; and

"(3) consult with the Director regarding implementation of the administrative action.

"(c)

"Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [June 3, 2023], the Director shall issue instructions regarding the implementation of this title, including how covered discretionary administrative actions that increase direct spending and nontax receipts will be evaluated.

"(a)

"(1) is necessary for the delivery of essential services; or

"(2) is necessary for effective program delivery.

"(b)

"This title shall not apply to administrative actions with direct spending cost of less than—

"(1) $1,000,000,000 over the 10-year period beginning with the current year; or

"(2) $100,000,000 in any given year during such 10-year period.

"No determination, finding, action, or omission under this title shall be subject to judicial review.

"This title shall expire on December 31, 2024.

"Within 180 days of the date of enactment of this Act [June 3, 2023], the Comptroller General shall issue a report on the implementation of this title.

[Amended section 801 of this title.]"

Pub. L. 106–544, §7, Dec. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 2719, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) a description of the sources of administrative subpoena power and the scope of such subpoena power within executive branch agencies;

"(2) a description of applicable subpoena enforcement mechanisms;

"(3) a description of any notification provisions and any other provisions relating to safeguarding privacy interests;

"(4) a description of the standards governing the issuance of administrative subpoenas; and

"(5) recommendations from the Attorney General regarding necessary steps to ensure that administrative subpoena power is used and enforced consistently and fairly by executive branch agencies.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

Ex. Ord. No. 13892, Oct. 9, 2019, 84 F.R. 55239, which related to civil administrative enforcement and adjudication, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13992, §2, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 13979, Jan. 18, 2021, 86 F.R. 6813, which required senior appointee participation in agency rulemaking, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14018, §1, Feb. 24, 2021, 86 F.R. 11855.

Ex. Ord. No. 13992, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered that:

*Policy*. It is the policy of my Administration to use available tools to confront the urgent challenges facing the Nation, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic, economic recovery, racial justice, and climate change. To tackle these challenges effectively, executive departments and agencies (agencies) must be equipped with the flexibility to use robust regulatory action to address national priorities. This order revokes harmful policies and directives that threaten to frustrate the Federal Government's ability to confront these problems, and empowers agencies to use appropriate regulatory tools to achieve these goals.

*Revocation of Orders*. Executive Order 13771 of January 30, 2017 (Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs) [former 5 U.S.C. 601 note], Executive Order 13777 of February 24, 2017 (Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda) [former 5 U.S.C. 601 note], Executive Order 13875 of June 14, 2019 (Evaluating and Improving the Utility of Federal Advisory Committees) [former 5 U.S.C. App. note], Executive Order 13891 of October 9, 2019 (Promoting the Rule of Law Through Improved Agency Guidance Documents) [former 5 U.S.C. 601 note], Executive Order 13892 of October 9, 2019 (Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency and Fairness in Civil Administrative Enforcement and Adjudication) [formerly set out above], and Executive Order 13893 of October 10, 2019 (Increasing Government Accountability for Administrative Actions by Reinvigorating Administrative PAYGO) [former 5 U.S.C. 601 note], are hereby revoked.

*Implementation*. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the heads of agencies shall promptly take steps to rescind any orders, rules, regulations, guidelines, or policies, or portions thereof, implementing or enforcing the Executive Orders identified in section 2 of this order, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, including the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. 551 *et seq*. If in any case such rescission cannot be finalized immediately, the Director and the heads of agencies shall promptly take steps to provide all available exemptions authorized by any such orders, rules, regulations, guidelines, or policies, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law. In addition, any personnel positions, committees, task forces, or other entities established pursuant to the Executive Orders identified in section 2 of this order, including the regulatory reform officer positions and regulatory reform task forces established by sections 2 and 3 of Executive Order 13777 [former 5 U.S.C. 601 note], shall be abolished, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented in a manner consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) Each agency shall make available to the public information as follows:

(1) Each agency shall separately state and currently publish in the Federal Register for the guidance of the public—

(A) descriptions of its central and field organization and the established places at which, the employees (and in the case of a uniformed service, the members) from whom, and the methods whereby, the public may obtain information, make submittals or requests, or obtain decisions;

(B) statements of the general course and method by which its functions are channeled and determined, including the nature and requirements of all formal and informal procedures available;

(C) rules of procedure, descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained, and instructions as to the scope and contents of all papers, reports, or examinations;

(D) substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretations of general applicability formulated and adopted by the agency; and

(E) each amendment, revision, or repeal of the foregoing.

Except to the extent that a person has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof, a person may not in any manner be required to resort to, or be adversely affected by, a matter required to be published in the Federal Register and not so published. For the purpose of this paragraph, matter reasonably available to the class of persons affected thereby is deemed published in the Federal Register when incorporated by reference therein with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register.

(2) Each agency, in accordance with published rules, shall make available for public inspection in an electronic format—

(A) final opinions, including concurring and dissenting opinions, as well as orders, made in the adjudication of cases;

(B) those statements of policy and interpretations which have been adopted by the agency and are not published in the Federal Register;

(C) administrative staff manuals and instructions to staff that affect a member of the public;

(D) copies of all records, regardless of form or format—

(i) that have been released to any person under paragraph (3); and

(ii)(I) that because of the nature of their subject matter, the agency determines have become or are likely to become the subject of subsequent requests for substantially the same records; or

(II) that have been requested 3 or more times; and

(E) a general index of the records referred to under subparagraph (D);

unless the materials are promptly published and copies offered for sale. For records created on or after November 1, 1996, within one year after such date, each agency shall make such records available, including by computer telecommunications or, if computer telecommunications means have not been established by the agency, by other electronic means. To the extent required to prevent a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, an agency may delete identifying details when it makes available or publishes an opinion, statement of policy, interpretation, staff manual, instruction, or copies of records referred to in subparagraph (D). However, in each case the justification for the deletion shall be explained fully in writing, and the extent of such deletion shall be indicated on the portion of the record which is made available or published, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in subsection (b) under which the deletion is made. If technically feasible, the extent of the deletion shall be indicated at the place in the record where the deletion was made. Each agency shall also maintain and make available for public inspection in an electronic format current indexes providing identifying information for the public as to any matter issued, adopted, or promulgated after July 4, 1967, and required by this paragraph to be made available or published. Each agency shall promptly publish, quarterly or more frequently, and distribute (by sale or otherwise) copies of each index or supplements thereto unless it determines by order published in the Federal Register that the publication would be unnecessary and impracticable, in which case the agency shall nonetheless provide copies of such index on request at a cost not to exceed the direct cost of duplication. Each agency shall make the index referred to in subparagraph (E) available by computer telecommunications by December 31, 1999. A final order, opinion, statement of policy, interpretation, or staff manual or instruction that affects a member of the public may be relied on, used, or cited as precedent by an agency against a party other than an agency only if—

(i) it has been indexed and either made available or published as provided by this paragraph; or

(ii) the party has actual and timely notice of the terms thereof.

(3)(A) Except with respect to the records made available under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, and except as provided in subparagraph (E), each agency, upon any request for records which (i) reasonably describes such records and (ii) is made in accordance with published rules stating the time, place, fees (if any), and procedures to be followed, shall make the records promptly available to any person.

(B) In making any record available to a person under this paragraph, an agency shall provide the record in any form or format requested by the person if the record is readily reproducible by the agency in that form or format. Each agency shall make reasonable efforts to maintain its records in forms or formats that are reproducible for purposes of this section.

(C) In responding under this paragraph to a request for records, an agency shall make reasonable efforts to search for the records in electronic form or format, except when such efforts would significantly interfere with the operation of the agency's automated information system.

(D) For purposes of this paragraph, the term "search" means to review, manually or by automated means, agency records for the purpose of locating those records which are responsive to a request.

(E) An agency, or part of an agency, that is an element of the intelligence community (as that term is defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4))) 1 shall not make any record available under this paragraph to—

(i) any government entity, other than a State, territory, commonwealth, or district of the United States, or any subdivision thereof; or

(ii) a representative of a government entity described in clause (i).

(4)(A)(i) In order to carry out the provisions of this section, each agency shall promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, specifying the schedule of fees applicable to the processing of requests under this section and establishing procedures and guidelines for determining when such fees should be waived or reduced. Such schedule shall conform to the guidelines which shall be promulgated, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and which shall provide for a uniform schedule of fees for all agencies.

(ii) Such agency regulations shall provide that—

(I) fees shall be limited to reasonable standard charges for document search, duplication, and review, when records are requested for commercial use;

(II) fees shall be limited to reasonable standard charges for document duplication when records are not sought for commercial use and the request is made by an educational or noncommercial scientific institution, whose purpose is scholarly or scientific research; or a representative of the news media; and

(III) for any request not described in (I) or (II), fees shall be limited to reasonable standard charges for document search and duplication.

In this clause, the term "a representative of the news media" means any person or entity that gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public, uses its editorial skills to turn the raw materials into a distinct work, and distributes that work to an audience. In this clause, the term "news" means information that is about current events or that would be of current interest to the public. Examples of news-media entities are television or radio stations broadcasting to the public at large and publishers of periodicals (but only if such entities qualify as disseminators of "news") who make their products available for purchase by or subscription by or free distribution to the general public. These examples are not all-inclusive. Moreover, as methods of news delivery evolve (for example, the adoption of the electronic dissemination of newspapers through telecommunications services), such alternative media shall be considered to be news-media entities. A freelance journalist shall be regarded as working for a news-media entity if the journalist can demonstrate a solid basis for expecting publication through that entity, whether or not the journalist is actually employed by the entity. A publication contract would present a solid basis for such an expectation; the Government may also consider the past publication record of the requester in making such a determination.

(iii) Documents shall be furnished without any charge or at a charge reduced below the fees established under clause (ii) if disclosure of the information is in the public interest because it is likely to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government and is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester.

(iv) Fee schedules shall provide for the recovery of only the direct costs of search, duplication, or review. Review costs shall include only the direct costs incurred during the initial examination of a document for the purposes of determining whether the documents must be disclosed under this section and for the purposes of withholding any portions exempt from disclosure under this section. Review costs may not include any costs incurred in resolving issues of law or policy that may be raised in the course of processing a request under this section. No fee may be charged by any agency under this section—

(I) if the costs of routine collection and processing of the fee are likely to equal or exceed the amount of the fee; or

(II) for any request described in clause (ii) (II) or (III) of this subparagraph for the first two hours of search time or for the first one hundred pages of duplication.

(v) No agency may require advance payment of any fee unless the requester has previously failed to pay fees in a timely fashion, or the agency has determined that the fee will exceed $250.

(vi) Nothing in this subparagraph shall supersede fees chargeable under a statute specifically providing for setting the level of fees for particular types of records.

(vii) In any action by a requester regarding the waiver of fees under this section, the court shall determine the matter de novo: *Provided*, That the court's review of the matter shall be limited to the record before the agency.

(viii)(I) Except as provided in subclause (II), an agency shall not assess any search fees (or in the case of a requester described under clause (ii)(II) of this subparagraph, duplication fees) under this subparagraph if the agency has failed to comply with any time limit under paragraph (6).

(II)(aa) If an agency has determined that unusual circumstances apply (as the term is defined in paragraph (6)(B)) and the agency provided a timely written notice to the requester in accordance with paragraph (6)(B), a failure described in subclause (I) is excused for an additional 10 days. If the agency fails to comply with the extended time limit, the agency may not assess any search fees (or in the case of a requester described under clause (ii)(II) of this subparagraph, duplication fees).

(bb) If an agency has determined that unusual circumstances apply and more than 5,000 pages are necessary to respond to the request, an agency may charge search fees (or in the case of a requester described under clause (ii)(II) of this subparagraph, duplication fees) if the agency has provided a timely written notice to the requester in accordance with paragraph (6)(B) and the agency has discussed with the requester via written mail, electronic mail, or telephone (or made not less than 3 good-faith attempts to do so) how the requester could effectively limit the scope of the request in accordance with paragraph (6)(B)(ii).

(cc) If a court has determined that exceptional circumstances exist (as that term is defined in paragraph (6)(C)), a failure described in subclause (I) shall be excused for the length of time provided by the court order.

(B) On complaint, the district court of the United States in the district in which the complainant resides, or has his principal place of business, or in which the agency records are situated, or in the District of Columbia, has jurisdiction to enjoin the agency from withholding agency records and to order the production of any agency records improperly withheld from the complainant. In such a case the court shall determine the matter de novo, and may examine the contents of such agency records in camera to determine whether such records or any part thereof shall be withheld under any of the exemptions set forth in subsection (b) of this section, and the burden is on the agency to sustain its action. In addition to any other matters to which a court accords substantial weight, a court shall accord substantial weight to an affidavit of an agency concerning the agency's determination as to technical feasibility under paragraph (2)(C) and subsection (b) and reproducibility under paragraph (3)(B).

(C) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the defendant shall serve an answer or otherwise plead to any complaint made under this subsection within thirty days after service upon the defendant of the pleading in which such complaint is made, unless the court otherwise directs for good cause shown.

[(D) Repealed. Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, §402(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3357.]

(E)(i) The court may assess against the United States reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in any case under this section in which the complainant has substantially prevailed.

(ii) For purposes of this subparagraph, a complainant has substantially prevailed if the complainant has obtained relief through either—

(I) a judicial order, or an enforceable written agreement or consent decree; or

(II) a voluntary or unilateral change in position by the agency, if the complainant's claim is not insubstantial.

(F)(i) Whenever the court orders the production of any agency records improperly withheld from the complainant and assesses against the United States reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs, and the court additionally issues a written finding that the circumstances surrounding the withholding raise questions whether agency personnel acted arbitrarily or capriciously with respect to the withholding, the Special Counsel shall promptly initiate a proceeding to determine whether disciplinary action is warranted against the officer or employee who was primarily responsible for the withholding. The Special Counsel, after investigation and consideration of the evidence submitted, shall submit his findings and recommendations to the administrative authority of the agency concerned and shall send copies of the findings and recommendations to the officer or employee or his representative. The administrative authority shall take the corrective action that the Special Counsel recommends.

(ii) The Attorney General shall—

(I) notify the Special Counsel of each civil action described under the first sentence of clause (i); and

(II) annually submit a report to Congress on the number of such civil actions in the preceding year.

(iii) The Special Counsel shall annually submit a report to Congress on the actions taken by the Special Counsel under clause (i).

(G) In the event of noncompliance with the order of the court, the district court may punish for contempt the responsible employee, and in the case of a uniformed service, the responsible member.

(5) Each agency having more than one member shall maintain and make available for public inspection a record of the final votes of each member in every agency proceeding.

(6)(A) Each agency, upon any request for records made under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection, shall—

(i) determine within 20 days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after the receipt of any such request whether to comply with such request and shall immediately notify the person making such request of—

(I) such determination and the reasons therefor;

(II) the right of such person to seek assistance from the FOIA Public Liaison of the agency; and

(III) in the case of an adverse determination—

(aa) the right of such person to appeal to the head of the agency, within a period determined by the head of the agency that is not less than 90 days after the date of such adverse determination; and

(bb) the right of such person to seek dispute resolution services from the FOIA Public Liaison of the agency or the Office of Government Information Services; and

(ii) make a determination with respect to any appeal within twenty days (excepting Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after the receipt of such appeal. If on appeal the denial of the request for records is in whole or in part upheld, the agency shall notify the person making such request of the provisions for judicial review of that determination under paragraph (4) of this subsection.

The 20-day period under clause (i) shall commence on the date on which the request is first received by the appropriate component of the agency, but in any event not later than ten days after the request is first received by any component of the agency that is designated in the agency's regulations under this section to receive requests under this section. The 20-day period shall not be tolled by the agency except—

(I) that the agency may make one request to the requester for information and toll the 20-day period while it is awaiting such information that it has reasonably requested from the requester under this section; or

(II) if necessary to clarify with the requester issues regarding fee assessment. In either case, the agency's receipt of the requester's response to the agency's request for information or clarification ends the tolling period.

(B)(i) In unusual circumstances as specified in this subparagraph, the time limits prescribed in either clause (i) or clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) may be extended by written notice to the person making such request setting forth the unusual circumstances for such extension and the date on which a determination is expected to be dispatched. No such notice shall specify a date that would result in an extension for more than ten working days, except as provided in clause (ii) of this subparagraph.

(ii) With respect to a request for which a written notice under clause (i) extends the time limits prescribed under clause (i) of subparagraph (A), the agency shall notify the person making the request if the request cannot be processed within the time limit specified in that clause and shall provide the person an opportunity to limit the scope of the request so that it may be processed within that time limit or an opportunity to arrange with the agency an alternative time frame for processing the request or a modified request. To aid the requester, each agency shall make available its FOIA Public Liaison, who shall assist in the resolution of any disputes between the requester and the agency, and notify the requester of the right of the requester to seek dispute resolution services from the Office of Government Information Services. Refusal by the person to reasonably modify the request or arrange such an alternative time frame shall be considered as a factor in determining whether exceptional circumstances exist for purposes of subparagraph (C).

(iii) As used in this subparagraph, "unusual circumstances" means, but only to the extent reasonably necessary to the proper processing of the particular requests—

(I) the need to search for and collect the requested records from field facilities or other establishments that are separate from the office processing the request;

(II) the need to search for, collect, and appropriately examine a voluminous amount of separate and distinct records which are demanded in a single request; or

(III) the need for consultation, which shall be conducted with all practicable speed, with another agency having a substantial interest in the determination of the request or among two or more components of the agency having substantial subject-matter interest therein.

(iv) Each agency may promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for the aggregation of certain requests by the same requestor, or by a group of requestors acting in concert, if the agency reasonably believes that such requests actually constitute a single request, which would otherwise satisfy the unusual circumstances specified in this subparagraph, and the requests involve clearly related matters. Multiple requests involving unrelated matters shall not be aggregated.

(C)(i) Any person making a request to any agency for records under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection shall be deemed to have exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to such request if the agency fails to comply with the applicable time limit provisions of this paragraph. If the Government can show exceptional circumstances exist and that the agency is exercising due diligence in responding to the request, the court may retain jurisdiction and allow the agency additional time to complete its review of the records. Upon any determination by an agency to comply with a request for records, the records shall be made promptly available to such person making such request. Any notification of denial of any request for records under this subsection shall set forth the names and titles or positions of each person responsible for the denial of such request.

(ii) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term "exceptional circumstances" does not include a delay that results from a predictable agency workload of requests under this section, unless the agency demonstrates reasonable progress in reducing its backlog of pending requests.

(iii) Refusal by a person to reasonably modify the scope of a request or arrange an alternative time frame for processing a request (or a modified request) under clause (ii) after being given an opportunity to do so by the agency to whom the person made the request shall be considered as a factor in determining whether exceptional circumstances exist for purposes of this subparagraph.

(D)(i) Each agency may promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for multitrack processing of requests for records based on the amount of work or time (or both) involved in processing requests.

(ii) Regulations under this subparagraph may provide a person making a request that does not qualify for the fastest multitrack processing an opportunity to limit the scope of the request in order to qualify for faster processing.

(iii) This subparagraph shall not be considered to affect the requirement under subparagraph (C) to exercise due diligence.

(E)(i) Each agency shall promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, providing for expedited processing of requests for records—

(I) in cases in which the person requesting the records demonstrates a compelling need; and

(II) in other cases determined by the agency.

(ii) Notwithstanding clause (i), regulations under this subparagraph must ensure—

(I) that a determination of whether to provide expedited processing shall be made, and notice of the determination shall be provided to the person making the request, within 10 days after the date of the request; and

(II) expeditious consideration of administrative appeals of such determinations of whether to provide expedited processing.

(iii) An agency shall process as soon as practicable any request for records to which the agency has granted expedited processing under this subparagraph. Agency action to deny or affirm denial of a request for expedited processing pursuant to this subparagraph, and failure by an agency to respond in a timely manner to such a request shall be subject to judicial review under paragraph (4), except that the judicial review shall be based on the record before the agency at the time of the determination.

(iv) A district court of the United States shall not have jurisdiction to review an agency denial of expedited processing of a request for records after the agency has provided a complete response to the request.

(v) For purposes of this subparagraph, the term "compelling need" means—

(I) that a failure to obtain requested records on an expedited basis under this paragraph could reasonably be expected to pose an imminent threat to the life or physical safety of an individual; or

(II) with respect to a request made by a person primarily engaged in disseminating information, urgency to inform the public concerning actual or alleged Federal Government activity.

(vi) A demonstration of a compelling need by a person making a request for expedited processing shall be made by a statement certified by such person to be true and correct to the best of such person's knowledge and belief.

(F) In denying a request for records, in whole or in part, an agency shall make a reasonable effort to estimate the volume of any requested matter the provision of which is denied, and shall provide any such estimate to the person making the request, unless providing such estimate would harm an interest protected by the exemption in subsection (b) pursuant to which the denial is made.

(7) Each agency shall—

(A) establish a system to assign an individualized tracking number for each request received that will take longer than ten days to process and provide to each person making a request the tracking number assigned to the request; and

(B) establish a telephone line or Internet service that provides information about the status of a request to the person making the request using the assigned tracking number, including—

(i) the date on which the agency originally received the request; and

(ii) an estimated date on which the agency will complete action on the request.

(8)(A) An agency shall—

(i) withhold information under this section only if—

(I) the agency reasonably foresees that disclosure would harm an interest protected by an exemption described in subsection (b); or

(II) disclosure is prohibited by law; and

(ii)(I) consider whether partial disclosure of information is possible whenever the agency determines that a full disclosure of a requested record is not possible; and

(II) take reasonable steps necessary to segregate and release nonexempt information; and

(B) Nothing in this paragraph requires disclosure of information that is otherwise prohibited from disclosure by law, or otherwise exempted from disclosure under subsection (b)(3).

(b) This section does not apply to matters that are—

(1)(A) specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and (B) are in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order;

(2) related solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency;

(3) specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other than section 552b of this title), if that statute—

(A)(i) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue; or

(ii) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld; and

(B) if enacted after the date of enactment of the OPEN FOIA Act of 2009, specifically cites to this paragraph.

(4) trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential;

(5) inter-agency or intra-agency memorandums or letters that would not be available by law to a party other than an agency in litigation with the agency, provided that the deliberative process privilege shall not apply to records created 25 years or more before the date on which the records were requested;

(6) personnel and medical files and similar files the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

(7) records or information compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such law enforcement records or information (A) could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings, (B) would deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication, (C) could reasonably be expected to constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, (D) could reasonably be expected to disclose the identity of a confidential source, including a State, local, or foreign agency or authority or any private institution which furnished information on a confidential basis, and, in the case of a record or information compiled by criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, information furnished by a confidential source, (E) would disclose techniques and procedures for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions, or would disclose guidelines for law enforcement investigations or prosecutions if such disclosure could reasonably be expected to risk circumvention of the law, or (F) could reasonably be expected to endanger the life or physical safety of any individual;

(8) contained in or related to examination, operating, or condition reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the use of an agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial institutions; or

(9) geological and geophysical information and data, including maps, concerning wells.

Any reasonably segregable portion of a record shall be provided to any person requesting such record after deletion of the portions which are exempt under this subsection. The amount of information deleted, and the exemption under which the deletion is made, shall be indicated on the released portion of the record, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in this subsection under which the deletion is made. If technically feasible, the amount of the information deleted, and the exemption under which the deletion is made, shall be indicated at the place in the record where such deletion is made.

(c)(1) Whenever a request is made which involves access to records described in subsection (b)(7)(A) and—

(A) the investigation or proceeding involves a possible violation of criminal law; and

(B) there is reason to believe that (i) the subject of the investigation or proceeding is not aware of its pendency, and (ii) disclosure of the existence of the records could reasonably be expected to interfere with enforcement proceedings,

the agency may, during only such time as that circumstance continues, treat the records as not subject to the requirements of this section.

(2) Whenever informant records maintained by a criminal law enforcement agency under an informant's name or personal identifier are requested by a third party according to the informant's name or personal identifier, the agency may treat the records as not subject to the requirements of this section unless the informant's status as an informant has been officially confirmed.

(3) Whenever a request is made which involves access to records maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation pertaining to foreign intelligence or counterintelligence, or international terrorism, and the existence of the records is classified information as provided in subsection (b)(1), the Bureau may, as long as the existence of the records remains classified information, treat the records as not subject to the requirements of this section.

(d) This section does not authorize withholding of information or limit the availability of records to the public, except as specifically stated in this section. This section is not authority to withhold information from Congress.

(e)(1) On or before February 1 of each year, each agency shall submit to the Attorney General of the United States and to the Director of the Office of Government Information Services a report which shall cover the preceding fiscal year and which shall include—

(A) the number of determinations made by the agency not to comply with requests for records made to such agency under subsection (a) and the reasons for each such determination;

(B)(i) the number of appeals made by persons under subsection (a)(6), the result of such appeals, and the reason for the action upon each appeal that results in a denial of information; and

(ii) a complete list of all statutes that the agency relies upon to authorize the agency to withhold information under subsection (b)(3), the number of occasions on which each statute was relied upon, a description of whether a court has upheld the decision of the agency to withhold information under each such statute, and a concise description of the scope of any information withheld;

(C) the number of requests for records pending before the agency as of September 30 of the preceding year, and the median and average number of days that such requests had been pending before the agency as of that date;

(D) the number of requests for records received by the agency and the number of requests which the agency processed;

(E) the median number of days taken by the agency to process different types of requests, based on the date on which the requests were received by the agency;

(F) the average number of days for the agency to respond to a request beginning on the date on which the request was received by the agency, the median number of days for the agency to respond to such requests, and the range in number of days for the agency to respond to such requests;

(G) based on the number of business days that have elapsed since each request was originally received by the agency—

(i) the number of requests for records to which the agency has responded with a determination within a period up to and including 20 days, and in 20-day increments up to and including 200 days;

(ii) the number of requests for records to which the agency has responded with a determination within a period greater than 200 days and less than 301 days;

(iii) the number of requests for records to which the agency has responded with a determination within a period greater than 300 days and less than 401 days; and

(iv) the number of requests for records to which the agency has responded with a determination within a period greater than 400 days;

(H) the average number of days for the agency to provide the granted information beginning on the date on which the request was originally filed, the median number of days for the agency to provide the granted information, and the range in number of days for the agency to provide the granted information;

(I) the median and average number of days for the agency to respond to administrative appeals based on the date on which the appeals originally were received by the agency, the highest number of business days taken by the agency to respond to an administrative appeal, and the lowest number of business days taken by the agency to respond to an administrative appeal;

(J) data on the 10 active requests with the earliest filing dates pending at each agency, including the amount of time that has elapsed since each request was originally received by the agency;

(K) data on the 10 active administrative appeals with the earliest filing dates pending before the agency as of September 30 of the preceding year, including the number of business days that have elapsed since the requests were originally received by the agency;

(L) the number of expedited review requests that are granted and denied, the average and median number of days for adjudicating expedited review requests, and the number adjudicated within the required 10 days;

(M) the number of fee waiver requests that are granted and denied, and the average and median number of days for adjudicating fee waiver determinations;

(N) the total amount of fees collected by the agency for processing requests;

(O) the number of full-time staff of the agency devoted to processing requests for records under this section, and the total amount expended by the agency for processing such requests;

(P) the number of times the agency denied a request for records under subsection (c); and

(Q) the number of records that were made available for public inspection in an electronic format under subsection (a)(2).

(2) Information in each report submitted under paragraph (1) shall be expressed in terms of each principal component of the agency and for the agency overall.

(3) Each agency shall make each such report available for public inspection in an electronic format. In addition, each agency shall make the raw statistical data used in each report available in a timely manner for public inspection in an electronic format, which shall be made available—

(A) without charge, license, or registration requirement;

(B) in an aggregated, searchable format; and

(C) in a format that may be downloaded in bulk.

(4) The Attorney General of the United States shall make each report which has been made available by electronic means available at a single electronic access point. The Attorney General of the United States shall notify the Chairman and ranking minority member of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives and the Chairman and ranking minority member of the Committees on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Judiciary of the Senate, no later than March 1 of the year in which each such report is issued, that such reports are available by electronic means.

(5) The Attorney General of the United States, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, shall develop reporting and performance guidelines in connection with reports required by this subsection by October 1, 1997, and may establish additional requirements for such reports as the Attorney General determines may be useful.

(6)(A) The Attorney General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the President a report on or before March 1 of each calendar year, which shall include for the prior calendar year—

(i) a listing of the number of cases arising under this section;

(ii) a listing of—

(I) each subsection, and any exemption, if applicable, involved in each case arising under this section;

(II) the disposition of each case arising under this section; and

(III) the cost, fees, and penalties assessed under subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) of subsection (a)(4); and

(iii) a description of the efforts undertaken by the Department of Justice to encourage agency compliance with this section.

(B) The Attorney General of the United States shall make—

(i) each report submitted under subparagraph (A) available for public inspection in an electronic format; and

(ii) the raw statistical data used in each report submitted under subparagraph (A) available for public inspection in an electronic format, which shall be made available—

(I) without charge, license, or registration requirement;

(II) in an aggregated, searchable format; and

(III) in a format that may be downloaded in bulk.

(f) For purposes of this section, the term—

(1) "agency" as defined in section 551(1) of this title includes any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency; and

(2) "record" and any other term used in this section in reference to information includes—

(A) any information that would be an agency record subject to the requirements of this section when maintained by an agency in any format, including an electronic format; and

(B) any information described under subparagraph (A) that is maintained for an agency by an entity under Government contract, for the purposes of records management.

(g) The head of each agency shall prepare and make available for public inspection in an electronic format, reference material or a guide for requesting records or information from the agency, subject to the exemptions in subsection (b), including—

(1) an index of all major information systems of the agency;

(2) a description of major information and record locator systems maintained by the agency; and

(3) a handbook for obtaining various types and categories of public information from the agency pursuant to chapter 35 of title 44, and under this section.

(h)(1) There is established the Office of Government Information Services within the National Archives and Records Administration. The head of the Office shall be the Director of the Office of Government Information Services.

(2) The Office of Government Information Services shall—

(A) review policies and procedures of administrative agencies under this section;

(B) review compliance with this section by administrative agencies; and

(C) identify procedures and methods for improving compliance under this section.

(3) The Office of Government Information Services shall offer mediation services to resolve disputes between persons making requests under this section and administrative agencies as a nonexclusive alternative to litigation and may issue advisory opinions at the discretion of the Office or upon request of any party to a dispute.

(4)(A) Not less frequently than annually, the Director of the Office of Government Information Services shall submit to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate, and the President—

(i) a report on the findings of the information reviewed and identified under paragraph (2);

(ii) a summary of the activities of the Office of Government Information Services under paragraph (3), including—

(I) any advisory opinions issued; and

(II) the number of times each agency engaged in dispute resolution with the assistance of the Office of Government Information Services or the FOIA Public Liaison; and

(iii) legislative and regulatory recommendations, if any, to improve the administration of this section.

(B) The Director of the Office of Government Information Services shall make each report submitted under subparagraph (A) available for public inspection in an electronic format.

(C) The Director of the Office of Government Information Services shall not be required to obtain the prior approval, comment, or review of any officer or agency of the United States, including the Department of Justice, the Archivist of the United States, or the Office of Management and Budget before submitting to Congress, or any committee or subcommittee thereof, any reports, recommendations, testimony, or comments, if such submissions include a statement indicating that the views expressed therein are those of the Director and do not necessarily represent the views of the President.

(5) The Director of the Office of Government Information Services may directly submit additional information to Congress and the President as the Director determines to be appropriate.

(6) Not less frequently than annually, the Office of Government Information Services shall conduct a meeting that is open to the public on the review and reports by the Office and shall allow interested persons to appear and present oral or written statements at the meeting.

(i) The Government Accountability Office shall conduct audits of administrative agencies on the implementation of this section and issue reports detailing the results of such audits.

(j)(1) Each agency shall designate a Chief FOIA Officer who shall be a senior official of such agency (at the Assistant Secretary or equivalent level).

(2) The Chief FOIA Officer of each agency shall, subject to the authority of the head of the agency—

(A) have agency-wide responsibility for efficient and appropriate compliance with this section;

(B) monitor implementation of this section throughout the agency and keep the head of the agency, the chief legal officer of the agency, and the Attorney General appropriately informed of the agency's performance in implementing this section;

(C) recommend to the head of the agency such adjustments to agency practices, policies, personnel, and funding as may be necessary to improve its implementation of this section;

(D) review and report to the Attorney General, through the head of the agency, at such times and in such formats as the Attorney General may direct, on the agency's performance in implementing this section;

(E) facilitate public understanding of the purposes of the statutory exemptions of this section by including concise descriptions of the exemptions in both the agency's handbook issued under subsection (g), and the agency's annual report on this section, and by providing an overview, where appropriate, of certain general categories of agency records to which those exemptions apply;

(F) offer training to agency staff regarding their responsibilities under this section;

(G) serve as the primary agency liaison with the Office of Government Information Services and the Office of Information Policy; and

(H) designate 1 or more FOIA Public Liaisons.

(3) The Chief FOIA Officer of each agency shall review, not less frequently than annually, all aspects of the administration of this section by the agency to ensure compliance with the requirements of this section, including—

(A) agency regulations;

(B) disclosure of records required under paragraphs (2) and (8) of subsection (a);

(C) assessment of fees and determination of eligibility for fee waivers;

(D) the timely processing of requests for information under this section;

(E) the use of exemptions under subsection (b); and

(F) dispute resolution services with the assistance of the Office of Government Information Services or the FOIA Public Liaison.

(k)(1) There is established in the executive branch the Chief FOIA Officers Council (referred to in this subsection as the "Council").

(2) The Council shall be comprised of the following members:

(A) The Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget.

(B) The Director of the Office of Information Policy at the Department of Justice.

(C) The Director of the Office of Government Information Services.

(D) The Chief FOIA Officer of each agency.

(E) Any other officer or employee of the United States as designated by the Co-Chairs.

(3) The Director of the Office of Information Policy at the Department of Justice and the Director of the Office of Government Information Services shall be the Co-Chairs of the Council.

(4) The Administrator of General Services shall provide administrative and other support for the Council.

(5)(A) The duties of the Council shall include the following:

(i) Develop recommendations for increasing compliance and efficiency under this section.

(ii) Disseminate information about agency experiences, ideas, best practices, and innovative approaches related to this section.

(iii) Identify, develop, and coordinate initiatives to increase transparency and compliance with this section.

(iv) Promote the development and use of common performance measures for agency compliance with this section.

(B) In performing the duties described in subparagraph (A), the Council shall consult on a regular basis with members of the public who make requests under this section.

(6)(A) The Council shall meet regularly and such meetings shall be open to the public unless the Council determines to close the meeting for reasons of national security or to discuss information exempt under subsection (b).

(B) Not less frequently than annually, the Council shall hold a meeting that shall be open to the public and permit interested persons to appear and present oral and written statements to the Council.

(C) Not later than 10 business days before a meeting of the Council, notice of such meeting shall be published in the Federal Register.

(D) Except as provided in subsection (b), the records, reports, transcripts, minutes, appendices, working papers, drafts, studies, agenda, or other documents that were made available to or prepared for or by the Council shall be made publicly available.

(E) Detailed minutes of each meeting of the Council shall be kept and shall contain a record of the persons present, a complete and accurate description of matters discussed and conclusions reached, and copies of all reports received, issued, or approved by the Council. The minutes shall be redacted as necessary and made publicly available.

(l) FOIA Public Liaisons shall report to the agency Chief FOIA Officer and shall serve as supervisory officials to whom a requester under this section can raise concerns about the service the requester has received from the FOIA Requester Center, following an initial response from the FOIA Requester Center Staff. FOIA Public Liaisons shall be responsible for assisting in reducing delays, increasing transparency and understanding of the status of requests, and assisting in the resolution of disputes.

(m)(1) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Attorney General, shall ensure the operation of a consolidated online request portal that allows a member of the public to submit a request for records under subsection (a) to any agency from a single website. The portal may include any additional tools the Director of the Office of Management and Budget finds will improve the implementation of this section.

(2) This subsection shall not be construed to alter the power of any other agency to create or maintain an independent online portal for the submission of a request for records under this section. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall establish standards for interoperability between the portal required under paragraph (1) and other request processing software used by agencies subject to this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 90–23, §1, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 54; Pub. L. 93–502, §§1–3, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1561–1564; Pub. L. 94–409, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(10), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 98–620, title IV, §402(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3357; Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §§1802, 1803, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–48, 3207–49; Pub. L. 104–231, §§3–11, Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3049–3054; Pub. L. 107–306, title III, §312, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2390; Pub. L. 110–175, §§3, 4(a), 5, 6(a)(1), (b)(1), 7(a), 8–10(a), 12, Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2525–2530; Pub. L. 111–83, title V, §564(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 114–185, §2, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 538.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1002. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §3, 60 Stat. 238. |


In subsection (b)(3), the words "formulated and" are omitted as surplusage. In the last sentence of subsection (b), the words "in any manner" are omitted as surplusage since the prohibition is all inclusive.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 1 [of Pub. L. 90–23] amends section 552 of title 5, United States Code, to reflect Public Law 89–487.

In subsection (a)(1)(A), the words "employees (and in the case of a uniformed service, the member)" are substituted for "officer" to retain the coverage of Public Law 89–487 and to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 2101, 2104, and 2105.

In the last sentence of subsection (a)(2), the words "A final order * * * may be relied on * * * only if" are substituted for "No final order * * * may be relied upon * * * unless"; and the words "a party other than an agency" and "the party" are substituted for "a private party" and "the private party", respectively, on authority of the definition of "private party" in 5 App. U.S.C. 1002(g).

In subsection (a)(3), the words "the responsible employee, and in the case of a uniformed service, the responsible member" are substituted for "the responsible officers" to retain the coverage of Public Law 89–487 and to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 2101, 2104, and 2105.

In subsection (a)(4), the words "shall maintain and make available for public inspection a record" are substituted for "shall keep a record * * * and that record shall be available for public inspection".

In subsection (b)(5) and (7), the words "a party other than an agency" are substituted for "a private party" on authority of the definition of "private party" in 5 App. U.S.C. 1002(g).

In subsection (c), the words "This section does not authorize" and "This section is not authority" are substituted for "Nothing in this section authorizes" and "nor shall this section be authority", respectively.

5 App. U.S.C. 1002(g), defining "private party" to mean a party other than an agency, is omitted since the words "party other than an agency" are substituted for the words "private party" wherever they appear in revised 5 U.S.C. 552.

5 App. U.S.C. 1002(h), prescribing the effective date, is omitted as unnecessary. That effective date is prescribed by section 4 of this bill.

The National Security Act of 1947, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(E), is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 15 (§401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in chapter 44 (§3001 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 3 of the Act is now classified to section 3003 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The date of enactment of the OPEN FOIA Act of 2009, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–83, which was approved Oct. 28, 2009.

Section 552 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2243 of Title 7, Agriculture.

**2016**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(A)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted "for public inspection in an electronic format" for "for public inspection and copying".

Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(A)(iii), in concluding provisions, substituted "public inspection in an electronic format current" for "public inspection and copying current".

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(A)(ii), added subpar. (D) and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: "copies of all records, regardless of form or format, which have been released to any person under paragraph (3) and which, because of the nature of their subject matter, the agency determines have become or are likely to become the subject of subsequent requests for substantially the same records; and".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(B), added cl. (viii) and struck out former cl. (viii) which read as follows: "An agency shall not assess search fees (or in the case of a requester described under clause (ii)(II), duplication fees) under this subparagraph if the agency fails to comply with any time limit under paragraph (6), if no unusual or exceptional circumstances (as those terms are defined for purposes of paragraphs (6)(B) and (C), respectively) apply to the processing of the request."

Subsec. (a)(6)(A)(i). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(C)(i), substituted "making such request of—" for "making such request of such determination and the reasons therefor, and of the right of such person to appeal to the head of the agency any adverse determination; and" and added subcls. (I) to (III).

Subsec. (a)(6)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(C)(ii), substituted "the agency, and notify the requester of the right of the requester to seek dispute resolution services from the Office of Government Information Services." for "the agency."

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(1)(D), added par. (8).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(2), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "inter-agency or intra-agency memorandums or letters which would not be available by law to a party other than an agency in litigation with the agency;".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(3)(A)(i), in introductory provisions, inserted "and to the Director of the Office of Government Information Services" after "United States".

Subsec. (e)(1)(P), (Q). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(3)(A)(ii)–(iv), added subpars. (P) and (Q).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(3)(B), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "Each agency shall make each such report available to the public including by computer telecommunications, or if computer telecommunications means have not been established by the agency, by other electronic means. In addition, each agency shall make the raw statistical data used in its reports available electronically to the public upon request."

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(3)(C), substituted "Oversight and Government Reform" for "Government Reform and Oversight" and "March" for "April" and inserted "Homeland Security and" before "Governmental Affairs".

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(3)(D), added par. (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "The Attorney General of the United States shall submit an annual report on or before April 1 of each calendar year which shall include for the prior calendar year a listing of the number of cases arising under this section, the exemption involved in each case, the disposition of such case, and the cost, fees, and penalties assessed under subparagraphs (E), (F), and (G) of subsection (a)(4). Such report shall also include a description of the efforts undertaken by the Department of Justice to encourage agency compliance with this section."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(4), in introductory provisions, substituted "available for public inspection in an electronic format" for "publicly available upon request".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(5)(A), inserted at end "The head of the Office shall be the Director of the Office of Government Information Services."

Subsec. (h)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(5)(B), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "recommend policy changes to Congress and the President to improve the administration of this section."

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(5)(C), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "The Office of Government Information Services shall offer mediation services to resolve disputes between persons making requests under this section and administrative agencies as a non-exclusive alternative to litigation and, at the discretion of the Office, may issue advisory opinions if mediation has not resolved the dispute."

Subsec. (h)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(5)(D), added pars. (4) to (6).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(6), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: "Each agency shall designate a Chief FOIA Officer who shall be a senior official of such agency (at the Assistant Secretary or equivalent level)."

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(6), added subsec. (k) and struck out former subsec. (k) which related to authority and responsibilities of the Chief FOIA Officer.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 114–185, §2(7), added subsec. (m).

**2009**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–83 added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other than section 552b of this title), provided that such statute (A) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or (B) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld;".

**2007**—Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 110–175, §3, inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (a)(4)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 110–175, §6(b)(1)(A), added cl. (viii).

Subsec. (a)(4)(E). Pub. L. 110–175, §4(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (a)(4)(F). Pub. L. 110–175, §5, designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii).

Subsec. (a)(6)(A). Pub. L. 110–175, §6(a)(1), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (a)(6)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–175, §6(b)(1)(B), inserted after the first sentence "To aid the requester, each agency shall make available its FOIA Public Liaison, who shall assist in the resolution of any disputes between the requester and the agency."

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 110–175, §7(a), added par. (7).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–175, §12, in concluding provisions, inserted ", and the exemption under which the deletion is made," after "The amount of information deleted" in second sentence and after "the amount of the information deleted" in third sentence.

Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(a)(1), inserted "the number of occasions on which each statute was relied upon," after "subsection (b)(3),".

Subsec. (e)(1)(C). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(a)(2), inserted "and average" after "median".

Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(a)(3), inserted before semicolon ", based on the date on which the requests were received by the agency".

Subsec. (e)(1)(F) to (O). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(a)(4), (5), added subpars. (F) to (M) and redesignated former subpars. (F) and (G) as (N) and (O), respectively.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(b)(2), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(b)(1), (c), redesignated par. (2) as (3) and inserted at end "In addition, each agency shall make the raw statistical data used in its reports available electronically to the public upon request." Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (e)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 110–175, §8(b)(1), redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (4) to (6), respectively.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 110–175, §9, added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: " 'record' and any other term used in this section in reference to information includes any information that would be an agency record subject to the requirements of this section when maintained by an agency in any format, including an electronic format."

Subsecs. (h) to (l). Pub. L. 110–175, §10(a), added subsecs. (h) to (l).

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 107–306, §312(1), inserted "and except as provided in subparagraph (E)," after "of this subsection,".

Subsec. (a)(3)(E). Pub. L. 107–306, §312(2), added subpar. (E).

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–231, §4(4), (5), in first sentence struck out "and" at end of subpar. (B) and inserted subpars. (D) and (E).

Pub. L. 104–231, §4(7), inserted after first sentence "For records created on or after November 1, 1996, within one year after such date, each agency shall make such records available, including by computer telecommunications or, if computer telecommunications means have not been established by the agency, by other electronic means."

Pub. L. 104–231, §4(1), in second sentence substituted "staff manual, instruction, or copies of records referred to in subparagraph (D)" for "or staff manual or instruction".

Pub. L. 104–231, §4(2), inserted before period at end of third sentence ", and the extent of such deletion shall be indicated on the portion of the record which is made available or published, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in subsection (b) under which the deletion is made".

Pub. L. 104–231, §4(3), inserted after third sentence "If technically feasible, the extent of the deletion shall be indicated at the place in the record where the deletion was made."

Pub. L. 104–231, §4(6), which directed the insertion of the following new sentence after the fifth sentence "Each agency shall make the index referred to in subparagraph (E) available by computer telecommunications by December 31, 1999.", was executed by making the insertion after the sixth sentence, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the addition of a new sentence by section 4(3) of Pub. L. 104–231.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–231, §5, inserted subpar. (A) designation after "(3)", redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, and added subpars. (B) to (D).

Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 104–231, §6, inserted at end "In addition to any other matters to which a court accords substantial weight, a court shall accord substantial weight to an affidavit of an agency concerning the agency's determination as to technical feasibility under paragraph (2)(C) and subsection (b) and reproducibility under paragraph (3)(B)."

Subsec. (a)(6)(A)(i). Pub. L. 104–231, §8(b), substituted "20 days" for "ten days".

Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 104–231, §7(b), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "In unusual circumstances as specified in this subparagraph, the time limits prescribed in either clause (i) or clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) may be extended by written notice to the person making such request setting forth the reasons for such extension and the date on which a determination is expected to be dispatched. No such notice shall specify a date that would result in an extension for more than ten working days. As used in this subparagraph, 'unusual circumstances' means, but only to the extent reasonably necessary to the proper processing of the particular request—

"(i) the need to search for and collect the requested records from field facilities or other establishments that are separate from the office processing the request;

"(ii) the need to search for, collect, and appropriately examine a voluminous amount of separate and distinct records which are demanded in a single request; or

"(iii) the need for consultation, which shall be conducted with all practicable speed, with another agency having a substantial interest in the determination of the request or among two or more components of the agency having substantial subject-matter interest therein."

Subsec. (a)(6)(C). Pub. L. 104–231, §7(c), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cls. (ii) and (iii).

Subsec. (a)(6)(D). Pub. L. 104–231, §7(a), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (a)(6)(E), (F). Pub. L. 104–231, §8(a), (c), added subpars. (E) and (F).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–231, §9, inserted at end of closing provisions "The amount of information deleted shall be indicated on the released portion of the record, unless including that indication would harm an interest protected by the exemption in this subsection under which the deletion is made. If technically feasible, the amount of the information deleted shall be indicated at the place in the record where such deletion is made."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–231, §10, amended subsec. (e) generally, revising and restating provisions relating to reports to Congress.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–231, §3, amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "For purposes of this section, the term 'agency' as defined in section 551(1) of this title includes any executive department, military department, Government corporation, Government controlled corporation, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government (including the Executive Office of the President), or any independent regulatory agency."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–231, §11, added subsec. (g).

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99–570, §1803, amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "In order to carry out the provisions of this section, each agency shall promulgate regulations, pursuant to notice and receipt of public comment, specifying a uniform schedule of fees applicable to all constituent units of such agency. Such fees shall be limited to reasonable standard charges for document search and duplication and provide for recovery of only the direct costs of such search and duplication. Documents shall be furnished without charge or at a reduced charge where the agency determines that waiver or reduction of the fee is in the public interest because furnishing the information can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public."

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 99–570, §1802(a), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "investigatory records compiled for law enforcement purposes, but only to the extent that the production of such records would (A) interfere with enforcement proceedings, (B) deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication, (C) constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, (D) disclose the identity of a confidential source and, in the case of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation, or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, confidential information furnished only by the confidential source, (E) disclose investigative techniques and procedures, or (F) endanger the life or physical safety of law enforcement personnel;".

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 99–570, §1802(b), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f), respectively.

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(4)(D). Pub. L. 98–620 repealed subpar. (D) which provided for precedence on the docket and expeditious disposition of district court proceedings authorized by subsec. (a).

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(4)(F). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted references to the Special Counsel for references to the Civil Service Commission wherever appearing and reference to his findings for reference to its findings.

**1976**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 94–409 inserted provision excluding section 552b of this title from applicability of exemption from disclosure and provision setting forth conditions for statute specifically exempting disclosure.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93–502, §1(a), substituted provisions relating to maintenance and availability of current indexes, for provisions relating to maintenance and availability of a current index, and inserted provisions relating to publication and distribution of copies of indexes or supplements thereto.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–502, §1(b)(1), substituted provisions requiring requests to reasonably describe records for provisions requiring requests, for identifiable records, and struck out provisions setting forth procedures to enjoin agencies from withholding the requested records and ordering their production.

Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 93–502, §1(b)(2), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 93–502, §1(c), added par. (6).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–502, §2(a), designated existing provisions as cl. (A), substituted "authorized under criteria established by an" for "required by", and added cl. (B).

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 93–502, §2(b), substituted provisions relating to exemption for investigatory records compiled for law enforcement purposes, for provisions relating to exemption for investigatory files compiled for law enforcement purposes.

Subsec. (b), foll. par. (9). Pub. L. 93–502, §2(c), inserted provision relating to availability of segregable portion of records.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 93–502, §3, added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–23 substituted introductory statement requiring every agency to make available to the public certain information for former introductory provision excepting from disclosure (1) any function of the United States requiring secrecy in the public interest or (2) any matter relating to internal management of an agency, covered in subsec. (b)(1) and (2) of this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–23 incorporated provisions of: former subsec. (b)(1) in (A), inserting requirement of publication of names of officers as sources of information and provision for public to obtain decisions, and striking out publication requirement for delegations by the agency of final authority; former subsec. (b)(2), introductory part, in (B); former subsec. (b)(2), concluding part, in (C), inserting publication requirement for rules of procedure and descriptions of forms available or the places at which forms may be obtained; former subsec. (b)(3), introductory part, in (D), inserting requirement of general applicability of substantive rules and interpretations, added clause (E), substituted exemption of any person from failure to resort to any matter or from being adversely affected by any matter required to be published in the Federal Register but not so published for former subsec. (b)(3), concluding part, excepting from publication rules addressed to and served upon named persons in accordance with laws and final sentence reading "A person may not be required to resort to organization or procedure not so published" and inserted provision deeming matter, which is reasonably available, as published in the Federal Register when such matter is incorporated by reference in the Federal Register with the approval of its Director.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–23 incorporated provisions of former subsec. (c), provided for public copying of records, struck out requirement of agency publication of final opinions or orders and authority for secrecy and withholding of opinions and orders required for good cause to be held confidential and not cited as precedents, latter provision now superseded by subsec. (b) of this section, designated existing subsec. (c) as clause (A), including provision for availability of concurring and dissenting opinions, inserted provisions for availability of policy statements and interpretations in clause (B) and staff manuals and instructions in clause (C), deletion of personal identifications from records to protect personal privacy with written justification therefor, and provision for indexing and prohibition of use of records not indexed against any private party without actual and timely notice of the terms thereof.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 90–23 incorporated provisions of former subsec. (d) and substituted provisions requiring identifiable agency records to be made available to any person upon request and compliance with rules as to time, place, and procedure for inspection, and payment of fees and provisions for Federal district court proceedings de novo for enforcement by contempt of noncompliance with court's orders with the burden on the agency and docket precedence for such proceedings for former provisions requiring matters of official record to be made available to persons properly and directly concerned except information held confidential for good cause shown, the latter provision superseded by subsec. (b) of this section.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 90–23 added par. (4).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–23 added subsec. (b) which superseded provisions excepting from disclosure any function of the United States requiring secrecy in the public interest or any matter relating to internal management of an agency, formerly contained in former subsec. (a), final opinions or orders required for good cause to be held confidential and not cited as precedents, formerly contained in subsec. (c), and information held confidential for good cause found, contained in former subsec. (d) of this section.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–23 added subsec. (c).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 114–185, §6, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 544, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and section 3102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 101 of this title], and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 30, 2016] and shall apply to any request for records under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, made after the date of enactment of this Act."

Pub. L. 110–175, §6(a)(2), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2526, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007]."

Pub. L. 110–175, §6(b)(2), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2526, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007] and apply to requests for information under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, filed on or after that effective date."

Pub. L. 110–175, §7(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2527, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007] and apply to requests for information under section 552 of title 5, United States Code, filed on or after that effective date."

Pub. L. 110–175, §10(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2530, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2007]."

Pub. L. 104–231, §12, Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3054, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1804, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–50, provided that:

"(a) The amendments made by section 1802 [amending this section] shall be effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986], and shall apply with respect to any requests for records, whether or not the request was made prior to such date, and shall apply to any civil action pending on such date.

"(b)(1) The amendments made by section 1803 [amending this section] shall be effective 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986], except that regulations to implement such amendments shall be promulgated by such 180th day.

"(2) The amendments made by section 1803 [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any requests for records, whether or not the request was made prior to such date, and shall apply to any civil action pending on such date, except that review charges applicable to records requested for commercial use shall not be applied by an agency to requests made before the effective date specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection or before the agency has finally issued its regulations."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–620 not applicable to cases pending on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 403 of Pub. L. 98–620, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1657 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–409 effective 180 days after Sept. 13, 1976, see section 6 of Pub. L. 94–409, set out as an Effective Date note under section 552b of this title.

Pub. L. 93–502, §4, Nov. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 1564, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the ninetieth day beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1974]."

Pub. L. 90–23, §4, June 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 56, provided that: "This Act [amending this section] shall be effective July 4, 1967, or on the date of enactment [June 5, 1967], whichever is later."

Pub. L. 104–231, §1, Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3048, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996'."

Pub. L. 99–570, title I, §1801, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–48, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle N (§§1801–1804) of title I of Pub. L. 99–570, amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Freedom of Information Reform Act of 1986'."

This section is popularly known as the "Freedom of Information Act".

Pub. L. 114–185, §3, June 30, 2016, 130 Stat. 544, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title V, §550, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1379, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 111–83, title V, §565, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2184, provided that:

"(a)

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of the law to the contrary, no protected document, as defined in subsection (c), shall be subject to disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United States Code[,] or any proceeding under that section.

"(c)

"(1)

"(A) for which the Secretary of Defense has issued a certification, as described in subsection (d), stating that disclosure of that record would endanger citizens of the United States, members of the United States Armed Forces, or employees of the United States Government deployed outside the United States; and

"(B) that is a photograph that—

"(i) was taken during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, through January 22, 2009; and

"(ii) relates to the treatment of individuals engaged, captured, or detained after September 11, 2001, by the Armed Forces of the United States in operations outside of the United States.

"(2)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) a renewal of a certification at any time; and

"(B) more than 1 renewal of a certification.

"(4)

"(e)

"(f)

Pub. L. 110–175, §2, Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2524, provided that: "Congress finds that—

"(1) the Freedom of Information Act [probably means Pub. L. 89–487 which amended section 1002 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, see Historical and Revision notes above] was signed into law on July 4, 1966, because the American people believe that—

"(A) our constitutional democracy, our system of self-government, and our commitment to popular sovereignty depends upon the consent of the governed;

"(B) such consent is not meaningful unless it is informed consent; and

"(C) as Justice Black noted in his concurring opinion in Barr v. Matteo (360 U.S. 564 (1959)), 'The effective functioning of a free government like ours depends largely on the force of an informed public opinion. This calls for the widest possible understanding of the quality of government service rendered by all elective or appointed public officials or employees.';

"(2) the American people firmly believe that our system of government must itself be governed by a presumption of openness;

"(3) the Freedom of Information Act establishes a 'strong presumption in favor of disclosure' as noted by the United States Supreme Court in United States Department of State v. Ray (502 U.S. 164 (1991)), a presumption that applies to all agencies governed by that Act;

"(4) 'disclosure, not secrecy, is the dominant objective of the Act,' as noted by the United States Supreme Court in Department of Air Force v. Rose (425 U.S. 352 (1976));

"(5) in practice, the Freedom of Information Act has not always lived up to the ideals of that Act; and

"(6) Congress should regularly review section 552 of title 5, United States Code (commonly referred to as the Freedom of Information Act), in order to determine whether further changes and improvements are necessary to ensure that the Government remains open and accessible to the American people and is always based not upon the 'need to know' but upon the fundamental 'right to know'."

Pub. L. 110–175, §4(b), Dec. 31, 2007, 121 Stat. 2525, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 1304 of title 31, United States Code, no amounts may be obligated or expended from the Claims and Judgment Fund of the United States Treasury to pay the costs resulting from fees assessed under section 552(a)(4)(E) of title 5, United States Code. Any such amounts shall be paid only from funds annually appropriated for any authorized purpose for the Federal agency against which a claim or judgment has been rendered."

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title IX, §914, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2029, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) means any data that—

"(A) are collected by land remote sensing; and

"(B) are prohibited from sale to customers other than the United States Government and United States Government-approved customers for reasons of national security pursuant to the terms of an operating license issued pursuant to the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 ([former] 15 U.S.C. 5601 et seq.) [now 51 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.]; and

"(2) includes any imagery and other product that is derived from such data and which is prohibited from sale to customers other than the United States Government and United States Government-approved customers for reasons of national security pursuant to the terms of an operating license described in paragraph (1)(B).

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §644, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 473, provided that: "No funds appropriated under this Act or any other Act with respect to any fiscal year shall be available to take any action based upon any provision of 5 U.S.C. 552 with respect to records collected or maintained pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 846(b), 923(g)(3) or 923(g)(7), or provided by Federal, State, local, or foreign law enforcement agencies in connection with arson or explosives incidents or the tracing of a firearm, except that such records may continue to be disclosed to the extent and in the manner that records so collected, maintained, or obtained have been disclosed under 5 U.S.C. 552 prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 20, 2003]."

Pub. L. 106–567, title VIII, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2864, as amended by Pub. L. 108–199, div. H, §163, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 109–5, §1, Mar. 25, 2005, 119 Stat. 19, provided that:

"This title may be cited as the 'Japanese Imperial Government Disclosure Act of 2000'.

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) the Japanese Imperial Government;

"(B) any government in any area occupied by the military forces of the Japanese Imperial Government;

"(C) any government established with the assistance or cooperation of the Japanese Imperial Government; or

"(D) any government which was an ally of the Japanese Imperial Government.

"(4)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1) locate, identify, inventory, recommend for declassification, and make available to the public at the National Archives and Records Administration, all classified Japanese Imperial Government records of the United States;

"(2) coordinate with agencies and take such actions as necessary to expedite the release of such records to the public; and

"(3) submit a report to Congress, including the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on the Judiciary and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, describing all such records, the disposition of such records, and the activities of the Interagency Group and agencies under this section.

"(d)

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

"(2) reveal the identity of a confidential human source, or reveal information about an intelligence source or method when the unauthorized disclosure of that source or method would damage the national security interests of the United States;

"(3) reveal information that would assist in the development or use of weapons of mass destruction;

"(4) reveal information that would impair United States cryptologic systems or activities;

"(5) reveal information that would impair the application of state-of-the-art technology within a United States weapon system;

"(6) reveal United States military war plans that remain in effect;

"(7) reveal information that would impair relations between the United States and a foreign government, or undermine ongoing diplomatic activities of the United States;

"(8) reveal information that would impair the current ability of United States Government officials to protect the President, Vice President, and other officials for whom protection services are authorized in the interest of national security;

"(9) reveal information that would impair current national security emergency preparedness plans; or

"(10) violate a treaty or other international agreement.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(d)

"(1) related to or supporting any active or inactive investigation, inquiry, or prosecution by the Office of Special Investigations of the Department of Justice; or

"(2) solely in the possession, custody, or control of the Office of Special Investigations.

"For purposes of expedited processing under section 552(a)(6)(E) of title 5, United States Code, any person who was persecuted in the manner described in section 802(a)(3) and who requests a Japanese Imperial Government record shall be deemed to have a compelling need for such record.

"The provisions of this title shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000]."

Pub. L. 105–246, Oct. 8, 1998, 112 Stat. 1859, as amended by Pub. L. 106–567, §802(b)(2), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2865, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act'.

"(a)

"(1) 'agency' has the meaning given such term under section 551 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) 'Interagency Group' means the Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group [redesignated Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group, see section 802(b)(1) of Pub. L. 106–567, set out above] established under subsection (b);

"(3) 'Nazi war criminal records' has the meaning given such term under section 3 of this Act; and

"(4) 'record' means a Nazi war criminal record.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(c)

"(1) locate, identify, inventory, recommend for declassification, and make available to the public at the National Archives and Records Administration, all classified Nazi war criminal records of the United States;

"(2) coordinate with agencies and take such actions as necessary to expedite the release of such records to the public; and

"(3) submit a report to Congress, including the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives, describing all such records, the disposition of such records, and the activities of the Interagency Group and agencies under this section.

"(d)

"(a)

"(1) pertain to any person with respect to whom the United States Government, in its sole discretion, has grounds to believe ordered, incited, assisted, or otherwise participated in the persecution of any person because of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion, during the period beginning on March 23, 1933, and ending on May 8, 1945, under the direction of, or in association with—

"(A) the Nazi government of Germany;

"(B) any government in any area occupied by the military forces of the Nazi government of Germany;

"(C) any government established with the assistance or cooperation of the Nazi government of Germany; or

"(D) any government which was an ally of the Nazi government of Germany; or

"(2) pertain to any transaction as to which the United States Government, in its sole discretion, has grounds to believe—

"(A) involved assets taken from persecuted persons during the period beginning on March 23, 1933, and ending on May 8, 1945, by, under the direction of, on behalf of, or under authority granted by the Nazi government of Germany or any nation then allied with that government; and

"(B) such transaction was completed without the assent of the owners of those assets or their heirs or assigns or other legitimate representatives.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

"(B) reveal the identity of a confidential human source, or reveal information about the application of an intelligence source or method, or reveal the identity of a human intelligence source when the unauthorized disclosure of that source would clearly and demonstrably damage the national security interests of the United States;

"(C) reveal information that would assist in the development or use of weapons of mass destruction;

"(D) reveal information that would impair United States cryptologic systems or activities;

"(E) reveal information that would impair the application of state-of-the-art technology within a United States weapon system;

"(F) reveal actual United States military war plans that remain in effect;

"(G) reveal information that would seriously and demonstrably impair relations between the United States and a foreign government, or seriously and demonstrably undermine ongoing diplomatic activities of the United States;

"(H) reveal information that would clearly and demonstrably impair the current ability of United States Government officials to protect the President, Vice President, and other officials for whom protection services, in the interest of national security, are authorized;

"(I) reveal information that would seriously and demonstrably impair current national security emergency preparedness plans; or

"(J) violate a treaty or international agreement.

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(4)

"(A) related to or supporting any active or inactive investigation, inquiry, or prosecution by the Office of Special Investigations of the Department of Justice; or

"(B) solely in the possession, custody, or control of that office.

"(c)

"(a)

"(b)

"This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 1998]."

Pub. L. 104–231, §2, Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3048, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the purpose of section 552 of title 5, United States Code, popularly known as the Freedom of Information Act, is to require agencies of the Federal Government to make certain agency information available for public inspection and copying and to establish and enable enforcement of the right of any person to obtain access to the records of such agencies, subject to statutory exemptions, for any public or private purpose;

"(2) since the enactment of the Freedom of Information Act in 1966, and the amendments enacted in 1974 and 1986, the Freedom of Information Act has been a valuable means through which any person can learn how the Federal Government operates;

"(3) the Freedom of Information Act has led to the disclosure of waste, fraud, abuse, and wrongdoing in the Federal Government;

"(4) the Freedom of Information Act has led to the identification of unsafe consumer products, harmful drugs, and serious health hazards;

"(5) Government agencies increasingly use computers to conduct agency business and to store publicly valuable agency records and information; and

"(6) Government agencies should use new technology to enhance public access to agency records and information.

"(b)

"(1) foster democracy by ensuring public access to agency records and information;

"(2) improve public access to agency records and information;

"(3) ensure agency compliance with statutory time limits; and

"(4) maximize the usefulness of agency records and information collected, maintained, used, retained, and disseminated by the Federal Government."

Pub. L. 103–236, title V, §533, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 480, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) if the country has not disclosed the data to the public; and

"(2) if the country has not, acting through the Open Skies Consultative Commission or any other diplomatic channel, authorized the United States to disclose the data to the public.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) the term 'Freedom of Information Act' means the provisions of section 552 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'Open Skies Consultative Commission' means the commission established pursuant to Article X of the Treaty on Open Skies; and

"(3) the term 'Treaty on Open Skies' means the Treaty on Open Skies, signed at Helsinki on March 24, 1992."

For provisions relating to a response to a request for information under this section when the fact of its existence or nonexistence is itself classified or when it was originally classified by another agency, see Ex. Ord. No. 13526, §3.6, Dec. 29, 2009, 75 F.R. 718, set out as a note under section 3161 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Ex. Ord. No. 12174, Nov. 30, 1979, 44 F.R. 69609, which related to minimizing Federal paperwork, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12291, Feb. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 13193, formerly set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12600, June 23, 1987, 52 F.R. 23781, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and in order to provide predisclosure notification procedures under the Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552] concerning confidential commercial information, and to make existing agency notification provisions more uniform, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) "Confidential commercial information" means records provided to the government by a submitter that arguably contain material exempt from release under Exemption 4 of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552(b)(4), because disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm.

(b) "Submitter" means any person or entity who provides confidential commercial information to the government. The term "submitter" includes, but is not limited to, corporations, state governments, and foreign governments.

(i) the records are less than 10 years old and the information has been designated by the submitter as confidential commercial information; or

(ii) the department or agency has reason to believe that disclosure of the information could reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm.

(b) For confidential commercial information submitted on or after January 1, 1988, the head of each Executive department or agency shall, to the extent permitted by law, establish procedures to permit submitters of confidential commercial information to designate, at the time the information is submitted to the Federal government or a reasonable time thereafter, any information the disclosure of which the submitter claims could reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm. Such agency procedures may provide for the expiration, after a specified period of time or changes in circumstances, of designations of competitive harm made by submitters. Additionally, such procedures may permit the agency to designate specific classes of information that will be treated by the agency as if the information had been so designated by the submitter. The head of each Executive department or agency shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the submitter notice in accordance with section 1 of this Order whenever the department or agency determines that it may be required to disclose records:

(i) designated pursuant to this subsection; or

(ii) the disclosure of which the department or agency has reason to believe could reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm.

(a) The agency determines that the information should not be disclosed;

(b) The information has been published or has been officially made available to the public;

(c) Disclosure of the information is required by law (other than 5 U.S.C. 552);

(d) The disclosure is required by an agency rule that (1) was adopted pursuant to notice and public comment, (2) specifies narrow classes of records submitted to the agency that are to be released under the Freedom of Information Act [5 U.S.C. 552], and (3) provides in exceptional circumstances for notice when the submitter provides written justification, at the time the information is submitted or a reasonable time thereafter, that disclosure of the information could reasonably be expected to cause substantial competitive harm;

(e) The information requested is not designated by the submitter as exempt from disclosure in accordance with agency regulations promulgated pursuant to section 7, when the submitter had an opportunity to do so at the time of submission of the information or a reasonable time thereafter, unless the agency has substantial reason to believe that disclosure of the information would result in competitive harm; or

(f) The designation made by the submitter in accordance with agency regulations promulgated pursuant to section 7 appears obviously frivolous; except that, in such case, the agency must provide the submitter with written notice of any final administrative disclosure determination within a reasonable number of days prior to the specified disclosure date.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 13110, Jan. 11, 1999, 64 F.R. 2419, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act (Public Law 105–246) (the "Act") [5 U.S.C. 552 note], it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of Working Group*. There is hereby established the Nazi War Criminal Records Interagency Working Group [now Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group] (Working Group). The function of the Group shall be to locate, inventory, recommend for declassification, and make available to the public at the National Archives and Records Administration all classified Nazi war criminal records of the United States, subject to certain designated exceptions as provided in the Act. The Working Group shall coordinate with agencies and take such actions as necessary to expedite the release of such records to the public.

*Schedule*. The Working Group should complete its work to the greatest extent possible and report to the Congress within 1 year.

*Membership*. (a) The Working Group shall be composed of the following members:

(1) Archivist of the United States (who shall serve as Chair of the Working Group);

(2) Secretary of Defense;

(3) Attorney General;

(4) Director of Central Intelligence;

(5) Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(6) Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum;

(7) Historian of the Department of State; and

(8) Three other persons appointed by the President.

(b) The Senior Director for Records and Access Management of the National Security Council will serve as the liaison to and attend the meetings of the Working Group. Members of the Working Group who are full-time Federal officials may serve on the Working Group through designees.

*Administration*. (a) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, the National Archives and Records Administration shall provide the Working Group with funding, administrative services, facilities, staff, and other support services necessary for the performance of the functions of the Working Group.

(b) The Working Group shall terminate 3 years from the date of this Executive order.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13392, Dec. 14, 2005, 70 F.R. 75373, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and to ensure appropriate agency disclosure of information, and consistent with the goals of section 552 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy.*

(a) The effective functioning of our constitutional democracy depends upon the participation in public life of a citizenry that is well informed. For nearly four decades, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) [5 U.S.C. 552] has provided an important means through which the public can obtain information regarding the activities of Federal agencies. Under the FOIA, the public can obtain records from any Federal agency, subject to the exemptions enacted by the Congress to protect information that must be held in confidence for the Government to function effectively or for other purposes.

(b) FOIA requesters are seeking a service from the Federal Government and should be treated as such. Accordingly, in responding to a FOIA request, agencies shall respond courteously and appropriately. Moreover, agencies shall provide FOIA requesters, and the public in general, with citizen-centered ways to learn about the FOIA process, about agency records that are publicly available (e.g., on the agency's website), and about the status of a person's FOIA request and appropriate information about the agency's response.

(c) Agency FOIA operations shall be both results-oriented and produce results. Accordingly, agencies shall process requests under the FOIA in an efficient and appropriate manner and achieve tangible, measurable improvements in FOIA processing. When an agency's FOIA program does not produce such results, it should be reformed, consistent with available resources appropriated by the Congress and applicable law, to increase efficiency and better reflect the policy goals and objectives of this order.

(d) A citizen-centered and results-oriented approach will improve service and performance, thereby strengthening compliance with the FOIA, and will help avoid disputes and related litigation.

*Agency Chief FOIA Officers.*

(a) *Designation*. The head of each agency shall designate within 30 days of the date of this order a senior official of such agency (at the Assistant Secretary or equivalent level), to serve as the Chief FOIA Officer of that agency. The head of the agency shall promptly notify the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB Director) and the Attorney General of such designation and of any changes thereafter in such designation.

(b) *General Duties*. The Chief FOIA Officer of each agency shall, subject to the authority of the head of the agency:

(i) have agency-wide responsibility for efficient and appropriate compliance with the FOIA;

(ii) monitor FOIA implementation throughout the agency, including through the use of meetings with the public to the extent deemed appropriate by the agency's Chief FOIA Officer, and keep the head of the agency, the chief legal officer of the agency, and the Attorney General appropriately informed of the agency's performance in implementing the FOIA, including the extent to which the agency meets the milestones in the agency's plan under section 3(b) of this order and training and reporting standards established consistent with applicable law and this order;

(iii) recommend to the head of the agency such adjustments to agency practices, policies, personnel, and funding as may be necessary to carry out the policy set forth in section 1 of this order;

(iv) review and report, through the head of the agency, at such times and in such formats as the Attorney General may direct, on the agency's performance in implementing the FOIA; and

(v) facilitate public understanding of the purposes of the FOIA's statutory exemptions by including concise descriptions of the exemptions in both the agency's FOIA handbook issued under section 552(g) of title 5, United States Code, and the agency's annual FOIA report, and by providing an overview, where appropriate, of certain general categories of agency records to which those exemptions apply.

(c) *FOIA Requester Service Center and FOIA Public Liaisons*. In order to ensure appropriate communication with FOIA requesters:

(i) Each agency shall establish one or more FOIA Requester Service Centers (Center), as appropriate, which shall serve as the first place that a FOIA requester can contact to seek information concerning the status of the person's FOIA request and appropriate information about the agency's FOIA response. The Center shall include appropriate staff to receive and respond to inquiries from FOIA requesters;

(ii) The agency Chief FOIA Officer shall designate one or more agency officials, as appropriate, as FOIA Public Liaisons, who may serve in the Center or who may serve in a separate office. FOIA Public Liaisons shall serve as supervisory officials to whom a FOIA requester can raise concerns about the service the FOIA requester has received from the Center, following an initial response from the Center staff. FOIA Public Liaisons shall seek to ensure a service-oriented response to FOIA requests and FOIA-related inquiries. For example, the FOIA Public Liaison shall assist, as appropriate, in reducing delays, increasing transparency and understanding of the status of requests, and resolving disputes. FOIA Public Liaisons shall report to the agency Chief FOIA Officer on their activities and shall perform their duties consistent with applicable law and agency regulations;

(iii) In addition to the services to FOIA requesters provided by the Center and FOIA Public Liaisons, the agency Chief FOIA Officer shall also consider what other FOIA-related assistance to the public should appropriately be provided by the agency;

(iv) In establishing the Centers and designating FOIA Public Liaisons, the agency shall use, as appropriate, existing agency staff and resources. A Center shall have appropriate staff to receive and respond to inquiries from FOIA requesters;

(v) As determined by the agency Chief FOIA Officer, in consultation with the FOIA Public Liaisons, each agency shall post appropriate information about its Center or Centers on the agency's website, including contact information for its FOIA Public Liaisons. In the case of an agency without a website, the agency shall publish the information on the Firstgov.gov website or, in the case of any agency with neither a website nor the capability to post on the Firstgov.gov website, in the Federal Register; and

(vi) The agency Chief FOIA Officer shall ensure that the agency has in place a method (or methods), including through the use of the Center, to receive and respond promptly and appropriately to inquiries from FOIA requesters about the status of their requests. The Chief FOIA Officer shall also consider, in consultation with the FOIA Public Liaisons, as appropriate, whether the agency's implementation of other means (such as tracking numbers for requests, or an agency telephone or Internet hotline) would be appropriate for responding to status inquiries.

*Review, Plan, and Report.*

(a) *Review*. Each agency's Chief FOIA Officer shall conduct a review of the agency's FOIA operations to determine whether agency practices are consistent with the policies set forth in section 1 of this order. In conducting this review, the Chief FOIA Officer shall:

(i) evaluate, with reference to numerical and statistical benchmarks where appropriate, the agency's administration of the FOIA, including the agency's expenditure of resources on FOIA compliance and the extent to which, if any, requests for records have not been responded to within the statutory time limit (backlog);

(ii) review the processes and practices by which the agency assists and informs the public regarding the FOIA process;

(iii) examine the agency's:

(A) use of information technology in responding to FOIA requests, including without limitation the tracking of FOIA requests and communication with requesters;

(B) practices with respect to requests for expedited processing; and

(C) implementation of multi-track processing if used by such agency;

(iv) review the agency's policies and practices relating to the availability of public information through websites and other means, including the use of websites to make available the records described in section 552(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code; and

(v) identify ways to eliminate or reduce its FOIA backlog, consistent with available resources and taking into consideration the volume and complexity of the FOIA requests pending with the agency.

(b) *Plan.*

(i) Each agency's Chief FOIA Officer shall develop, in consultation as appropriate with the staff of the agency (including the FOIA Public Liaisons), the Attorney General, and the OMB Director, an agency-specific plan to ensure that the agency's administration of the FOIA is in accordance with applicable law and the policies set forth in section 1 of this order. The plan, which shall be submitted to the head of the agency for approval, shall address the agency's implementation of the FOIA during fiscal years 2006 and 2007.

(ii) The plan shall include specific activities that the agency will implement to eliminate or reduce the agency's FOIA backlog, including (as applicable) changes that will make the processing of FOIA requests more streamlined and effective, as well as increased reliance on the dissemination of records that can be made available to the public through a website or other means that do not require the public to make a request for the records under the FOIA.

(iii) The plan shall also include activities to increase public awareness of FOIA processing, including as appropriate, expanded use of the agency's Center and its FOIA Public Liaisons.

(iv) The plan shall also include, taking appropriate account of the resources available to the agency and the mission of the agency, concrete milestones, with specific timetables and outcomes to be achieved, by which the head of the agency, after consultation with the OMB Director, shall measure and evaluate the agency's success in the implementation of the plan.

(c) *Agency Reports to the Attorney General and OMB Director.*

(i) The head of each agency shall submit a report, no later than 6 months from the date of this order, to the Attorney General and the OMB Director that summarizes the results of the review under section 3(a) of this order and encloses a copy of the agency's plan under section 3(b) of this order. The agency shall publish a copy of the agency's report on the agency's website or, in the case of an agency without a website, on the Firstgov.gov website, or, in the case of any agency with neither a website nor the capability to publish on the Firstgov.gov website, in the Federal Register.

(ii) The head of each agency shall include in the agency's annual FOIA reports for fiscal years 2006 and 2007 a report on the agency's development and implementation of its plan under section 3(b) of this order and on the agency's performance in meeting the milestones set forth in that plan, consistent with any related guidelines the Attorney General may issue under section 552(e) of title 5, United States Code.

(iii) If the agency does not meet a milestone in its plan, the head of the agency shall:

(A) identify this deficiency in the annual FOIA report to the Attorney General;

(B) explain in the annual report the reasons for the agency's failure to meet the milestone;

(C) outline in the annual report the steps that the agency has already taken, and will be taking, to address the deficiency; and

(D) report this deficiency to the President's Management Council.

*Attorney General.*

(a) *Report*. The Attorney General, using the reports submitted by the agencies under subsection 3(c)(i) of this order and the information submitted by agencies in their annual FOIA reports for fiscal year 2005, shall submit to the President, no later than 10 months from the date of this order, a report on agency FOIA implementation. The Attorney General shall consult the OMB Director in the preparation of the report and shall include in the report appropriate recommendations on administrative or other agency actions for continued agency dissemination and release of public information. The Attorney General shall thereafter submit two further annual reports, by June 1, 2007, and June 1, 2008, that provide the President with an update on the agencies' implementation of the FOIA and of their plans under section 3(b) of this order.

(b) *Guidance*. The Attorney General shall issue such instructions and guidance to the heads of departments and agencies as may be appropriate to implement sections 3(b) and 3(c) of this order.

*OMB Director*. The OMB Director may issue such instructions to the heads of agencies as are necessary to implement this order, other than sections 3(b) and 3(c) of this order.

*Definitions*. As used in this order:

(a) the term "agency" has the same meaning as the term "agency" under section 552(f)(1) of title 5, United States Code; and

(b) the term "record" has the same meaning as the term "record" under section 552(f)(2) of title 5, United States Code.

*General Provisions.*

(a) The agency reviews under section 3(a) of this order and agency plans under section 3(b) of this order shall be conducted and developed in accordance with applicable law and applicable guidance issued by the President, the Attorney General, and the OMB Director, including the laws and guidance regarding information technology and the dissemination of information.

(b) This order:

(i) shall be implemented in a manner consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations;

(ii) shall not be construed to impair or otherwise affect the functions of the OMB Director relating to budget, legislative, or administrative proposals; and

(iii) is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its departments, agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13642, May 9, 2013, 78 F.R. 28111, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*General Principles*. Openness in government strengthens our democracy, promotes the delivery of efficient and effective services to the public, and contributes to economic growth. As one vital benefit of open government, making information resources easy to find, accessible, and usable can fuel entrepreneurship, innovation, and scientific discovery that improves Americans' lives and contributes significantly to job creation.

Decades ago, the U.S. Government made both weather data and the Global Positioning System freely available. Since that time, American entrepreneurs and innovators have utilized these resources to create navigation systems, weather newscasts and warning systems, location-based applications, precision farming tools, and much more, improving Americans' lives in countless ways and leading to economic growth and job creation. In recent years, thousands of Government data resources across fields such as health and medicine, education, energy, public safety, global development, and finance have been posted in machine-readable form for free public use on Data.gov. Entrepreneurs and innovators have continued to develop a vast range of useful new products and businesses using these public information resources, creating good jobs in the process.

To promote continued job growth, Government efficiency, and the social good that can be gained from opening Government data to the public, the default state of new and modernized Government information resources shall be open and machine readable. Government information shall be managed as an asset throughout its life cycle to promote interoperability and openness, and, wherever possible and legally permissible, to ensure that data are released to the public in ways that make the data easy to find, accessible, and usable. In making this the new default state, executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall ensure that they safeguard individual privacy, confidentiality, and national security.

*Open Data Policy*. (a) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), in consultation with the Chief Information Officer (CIO), Chief Technology Officer (CTO), and Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), shall issue an Open Data Policy to advance the management of Government information as an asset, consistent with my memorandum of January 21, 2009 (Transparency and Open Government), OMB Memorandum M–10–06 (Open Government Directive), OMB and National Archives and Records Administration Memorandum M–12–18 (Managing Government Records Directive), the Office of Science and Technology Policy Memorandum of February 22, 2013 (Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research), and the CIO's strategy entitled "Digital Government: Building a 21st Century Platform to Better Serve the American People." The Open Data Policy shall be updated as needed.

(b) Agencies shall implement the requirements of the Open Data Policy and shall adhere to the deadlines for specific actions specified therein. When implementing the Open Data Policy, agencies shall incorporate a full analysis of privacy, confidentiality, and security risks into each stage of the information lifecycle to identify information that should not be released. These review processes should be overseen by the senior agency official for privacy. It is vital that agencies not release information if doing so would violate any law or policy, or jeopardize privacy, confidentiality, or national security.

*Implementation of the Open Data Policy*. To facilitate effective Government-wide implementation of the Open Data Policy, I direct the following:

(a) Within 30 days of the issuance of the Open Data Policy, the CIO and CTO shall publish an open online repository of tools and best practices to assist agencies in integrating the Open Data Policy into their operations in furtherance of their missions. The CIO and CTO shall regularly update this online repository as needed to ensure it remains a resource to facilitate the adoption of open data practices.

(b) Within 90 days of the issuance of the Open Data Policy, the Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, Controller of the Office of Federal Financial Management, CIO, and Administrator of OIRA shall work with the Chief Acquisition Officers Council, Chief Financial Officers Council, Chief Information Officers Council, and Federal Records Council to identify and initiate implementation of measures to support the integration of the Open Data Policy requirements into Federal acquisition and grant-making processes. Such efforts may include developing sample requirements language, grant and contract language, and workforce tools for agency acquisition, grant, and information management and technology professionals.

(c) Within 90 days of the date of this order, the Chief Performance Officer (CPO) shall work with the President's Management Council to establish a Cross-Agency Priority (CAP) Goal to track implementation of the Open Data Policy. The CPO shall work with agencies to set incremental performance goals, ensuring they have metrics and milestones in place to monitor advancement toward the CAP Goal. Progress on these goals shall be analyzed and reviewed by agency leadership, pursuant to the GPRA Modernization Act of 2010 (Public Law 111–352).

(d) Within 180 days of the date of this order, agencies shall report progress on the implementation of the CAP Goal to the CPO. Thereafter, agencies shall report progress quarterly, and as appropriate.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) Nothing in this order shall compel or authorize the disclosure of privileged information, law enforcement information, national security information, personal information, or information the disclosure of which is prohibited by law.

(e) Independent agencies are requested to adhere to this order.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 21, 2009, 74 F.R. 4683, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

A democracy requires accountability, and accountability requires transparency. As Justice Louis Brandeis wrote, "sunlight is said to be the best of disinfectants." In our democracy, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), which encourages accountability through transparency, is the most prominent expression of a profound national commitment to ensuring an open Government. At the heart of that commitment is the idea that accountability is in the interest of the Government and the citizenry alike.

The Freedom of Information Act should be administered with a clear presumption: In the face of doubt, openness prevails. The Government should not keep information confidential merely because public officials might be embarrassed by disclosure, because errors and failures might be revealed, or because of speculative or abstract fears. Nondisclosure should never be based on an effort to protect the personal interests of Government officials at the expense of those they are supposed to serve. In responding to requests under the FOIA, executive branch agencies (agencies) should act promptly and in a spirit of cooperation, recognizing that such agencies are servants of the public.

All agencies should adopt a presumption in favor of disclosure, in order to renew their commitment to the principles embodied in FOIA, and to usher in a new era of open Government. The presumption of disclosure should be applied to all decisions involving FOIA.

The presumption of disclosure also means that agencies should take affirmative steps to make information public. They should not wait for specific requests from the public. All agencies should use modern technology to inform citizens about what is known and done by their Government. Disclosure should be timely.

I direct the Attorney General to issue new guidelines governing the FOIA to the heads of executive departments and agencies, reaffirming the commitment to accountability and transparency, and to publish such guidelines in the Federal Register. In doing so, the Attorney General should review FOIA reports produced by the agencies under Executive Order 13392 of December 14, 2005. I also direct the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to update guidance to the agencies to increase and improve information dissemination to the public, including through the use of new technologies, and to publish such guidance in the Federal Register.

This memorandum does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) the term "agency" means agency as defined in section 552(e) 1 of this title;

(2) the term "individual" means a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence;

(3) the term "maintain" includes maintain, collect, use, or disseminate;

(4) the term "record" means any item, collection, or grouping of information about an individual that is maintained by an agency, including, but not limited to, his education, financial transactions, medical history, and criminal or employment history and that contains his name, or the identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual, such as a finger or voice print or a photograph;

(5) the term "system of records" means a group of any records under the control of any agency from which information is retrieved by the name of the individual or by some identifying number, symbol, or other identifying particular assigned to the individual;

(6) the term "statistical record" means a record in a system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any determination about an identifiable individual, except as provided by section 8 of title 13;

(7) the term "routine use" means, with respect to the disclosure of a record, the use of such record for a purpose which is compatible with the purpose for which it was collected;

(8) the term "matching program"—

(A) means any computerized comparison of—

(i) two or more automated systems of records or a system of records with non-Federal records for the purpose of—

(I) establishing or verifying the eligibility of, or continuing compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements by, applicants for, recipients or beneficiaries of, participants in, or providers of services with respect to, cash or in-kind assistance or payments under Federal benefit programs, or

(II) recouping payments or delinquent debts under such Federal benefit programs, or

(ii) two or more automated Federal personnel or payroll systems of records or a system of Federal personnel or payroll records with non-Federal records,

(B) but does not include—

(i) matches performed to produce aggregate statistical data without any personal identifiers;

(ii) matches performed to support any research or statistical project, the specific data of which may not be used to make decisions concerning the rights, benefits, or privileges of specific individuals;

(iii) matches performed, by an agency (or component thereof) which performs as its principal function any activity pertaining to the enforcement of criminal laws, subsequent to the initiation of a specific criminal or civil law enforcement investigation of a named person or persons for the purpose of gathering evidence against such person or persons;

(iv) matches of tax information (I) pursuant to section 6103(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, (II) for purposes of tax administration as defined in section 6103(b)(4) of such Code, (III) for the purpose of intercepting a tax refund due an individual under authority granted by section 404(e), 464, or 1137 of the Social Security Act; or (IV) for the purpose of intercepting a tax refund due an individual under any other tax refund intercept program authorized by statute which has been determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to contain verification, notice, and hearing requirements that are substantially similar to the procedures in section 1137 of the Social Security Act;

(v) matches—

(I) using records predominantly relating to Federal personnel, that are performed for routine administrative purposes (subject to guidance provided by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to subsection (v)); or

(II) conducted by an agency using only records from systems of records maintained by that agency;

if the purpose of the match is not to take any adverse financial, personnel, disciplinary, or other adverse action against Federal personnel;

(vi) matches performed for foreign counterintelligence purposes or to produce background checks for security clearances of Federal personnel or Federal contractor personnel;

(vii) matches performed incident to a levy described in section 6103(k)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986;

(viii) matches performed pursuant to section 202(x)(3) or 1611(e)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 402(x)(3), 1382(e)(1));

(ix) matches performed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services with respect to potential fraud, waste, and abuse, including matches of a system of records with non-Federal records; or

(x) matches performed pursuant to section 3(d)(4) of the Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014; 1

(9) the term "recipient agency" means any agency, or contractor thereof, receiving records contained in a system of records from a source agency for use in a matching program;

(10) the term "non-Federal agency" means any State or local government, or agency thereof, which receives records contained in a system of records from a source agency for use in a matching program;

(11) the term "source agency" means any agency which discloses records contained in a system of records to be used in a matching program, or any State or local government, or agency thereof, which discloses records to be used in a matching program;

(12) the term "Federal benefit program" means any program administered or funded by the Federal Government, or by any agent or State on behalf of the Federal Government, providing cash or in-kind assistance in the form of payments, grants, loans, or loan guarantees to individuals; and

(13) the term "Federal personnel" means officers and employees of the Government of the United States, members of the uniformed services (including members of the Reserve Components), individuals entitled to receive immediate or deferred retirement benefits under any retirement program of the Government of the United States (including survivor benefits).

(b)

(1) to those officers and employees of the agency which maintains the record who have a need for the record in the performance of their duties;

(2) required under section 552 of this title;

(3) for a routine use as defined in subsection (a)(7) of this section and described under subsection (e)(4)(D) of this section;

(4) to the Bureau of the Census for purposes of planning or carrying out a census or survey or related activity pursuant to the provisions of title 13;

(5) to a recipient who has provided the agency with advance adequate written assurance that the record will be used solely as a statistical research or reporting record, and the record is to be transferred in a form that is not individually identifiable;

(6) to the National Archives and Records Administration as a record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its continued preservation by the United States Government, or for evaluation by the Archivist of the United States or the designee of the Archivist to determine whether the record has such value;

(7) to another agency or to an instrumentality of any governmental jurisdiction within or under the control of the United States for a civil or criminal law enforcement activity if the activity is authorized by law, and if the head of the agency or instrumentality has made a written request to the agency which maintains the record specifying the particular portion desired and the law enforcement activity for which the record is sought;

(8) to a person pursuant to a showing of compelling circumstances affecting the health or safety of an individual if upon such disclosure notification is transmitted to the last known address of such individual;

(9) to either House of Congress, or, to the extent of matter within its jurisdiction, any committee or subcommittee thereof, any joint committee of Congress or subcommittee of any such joint committee;

(10) to the Comptroller General, or any of his authorized representatives, in the course of the performance of the duties of the Government Accountability Office;

(11) pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction; or

(12) to a consumer reporting agency in accordance with section 3711(e) of title 31.

(c)

(1) except for disclosures made under subsections (b)(1) or (b)(2) of this section, keep an accurate accounting of—

(A) the date, nature, and purpose of each disclosure of a record to any person or to another agency made under subsection (b) of this section; and

(B) the name and address of the person or agency to whom the disclosure is made;

(2) retain the accounting made under paragraph (1) of this subsection for at least five years or the life of the record, whichever is longer, after the disclosure for which the accounting is made;

(3) except for disclosures made under subsection (b)(7) of this section, make the accounting made under paragraph (1) of this subsection available to the individual named in the record at his request; and

(4) inform any person or other agency about any correction or notation of dispute made by the agency in accordance with subsection (d) of this section of any record that has been disclosed to the person or agency if an accounting of the disclosure was made.

(d)

(1) upon request by any individual to gain access to his record or to any information pertaining to him which is contained in the system, permit him and upon his request, a person of his own choosing to accompany him, to review the record and have a copy made of all or any portion thereof in a form comprehensible to him, except that the agency may require the individual to furnish a written statement authorizing discussion of that individual's record in the accompanying person's presence;

(2) permit the individual to request amendment of a record pertaining to him and—

(A) not later than 10 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after the date of receipt of such request, acknowledge in writing such receipt; and

(B) promptly, either—

(i) make any correction of any portion thereof which the individual believes is not accurate, relevant, timely, or complete; or

(ii) inform the individual of its refusal to amend the record in accordance with his request, the reason for the refusal, the procedures established by the agency for the individual to request a review of that refusal by the head of the agency or an officer designated by the head of the agency, and the name and business address of that official;

(3) permit the individual who disagrees with the refusal of the agency to amend his record to request a review of such refusal, and not later than 30 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) from the date on which the individual requests such review, complete such review and make a final determination unless, for good cause shown, the head of the agency extends such 30-day period; and if, after his review, the reviewing official also refuses to amend the record in accordance with the request, permit the individual to file with the agency a concise statement setting forth the reasons for his disagreement with the refusal of the agency, and notify the individual of the provisions for judicial review of the reviewing official's determination under subsection (g)(1)(A) of this section;

(4) in any disclosure, containing information about which the individual has filed a statement of disagreement, occurring after the filing of the statement under paragraph (3) of this subsection, clearly note any portion of the record which is disputed and provide copies of the statement and, if the agency deems it appropriate, copies of a concise statement of the reasons of the agency for not making the amendments requested, to persons or other agencies to whom the disputed record has been disclosed; and

(5) nothing in this section shall allow an individual access to any information compiled in reasonable anticipation of a civil action or proceeding.

(e)

(1) maintain in its records only such information about an individual as is relevant and necessary to accomplish a purpose of the agency required to be accomplished by statute or by executive order of the President;

(2) collect information to the greatest extent practicable directly from the subject individual when the information may result in adverse determinations about an individual's rights, benefits, and privileges under Federal programs;

(3) inform each individual whom it asks to supply information, on the form which it uses to collect the information or on a separate form that can be retained by the individual—

(A) the authority (whether granted by statute, or by executive order of the President) which authorizes the solicitation of the information and whether disclosure of such information is mandatory or voluntary;

(B) the principal purpose or purposes for which the information is intended to be used;

(C) the routine uses which may be made of the information, as published pursuant to paragraph (4)(D) of this subsection; and

(D) the effects on him, if any, of not providing all or any part of the requested information;

(4) subject to the provisions of paragraph (11) of this subsection, publish in the Federal Register upon establishment or revision a notice of the existence and character of the system of records, which notice shall include—

(A) the name and location of the system;

(B) the categories of individuals on whom records are maintained in the system;

(C) the categories of records maintained in the system;

(D) each routine use of the records contained in the system, including the categories of users and the purpose of such use;

(E) the policies and practices of the agency regarding storage, retrievability, access controls, retention, and disposal of the records;

(F) the title and business address of the agency official who is responsible for the system of records;

(G) the agency procedures whereby an individual can be notified at his request if the system of records contains a record pertaining to him;

(H) the agency procedures whereby an individual can be notified at his request how he can gain access to any record pertaining to him contained in the system of records, and how he can contest its content; and

(I) the categories of sources of records in the system;

(5) maintain all records which are used by the agency in making any determination about any individual with such accuracy, relevance, timeliness, and completeness as is reasonably necessary to assure fairness to the individual in the determination;

(6) prior to disseminating any record about an individual to any person other than an agency, unless the dissemination is made pursuant to subsection (b)(2) of this section, make reasonable efforts to assure that such records are accurate, complete, timely, and relevant for agency purposes;

(7) maintain no record describing how any individual exercises rights guaranteed by the First Amendment unless expressly authorized by statute or by the individual about whom the record is maintained or unless pertinent to and within the scope of an authorized law enforcement activity;

(8) make reasonable efforts to serve notice on an individual when any record on such individual is made available to any person under compulsory legal process when such process becomes a matter of public record;

(9) establish rules of conduct for persons involved in the design, development, operation, or maintenance of any system of records, or in maintaining any record, and instruct each such person with respect to such rules and the requirements of this section, including any other rules and procedures adopted pursuant to this section and the penalties for noncompliance;

(10) establish appropriate administrative, technical, and physical safeguards to insure the security and confidentiality of records and to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to their security or integrity which could result in substantial harm, embarrassment, inconvenience, or unfairness to any individual on whom information is maintained;

(11) at least 30 days prior to publication of information under paragraph (4)(D) of this subsection, publish in the Federal Register notice of any new use or intended use of the information in the system, and provide an opportunity for interested persons to submit written data, views, or arguments to the agency; and

(12) if such agency is a recipient agency or a source agency in a matching program with a non-Federal agency, with respect to any establishment or revision of a matching program, at least 30 days prior to conducting such program, publish in the Federal Register notice of such establishment or revision.

(f)

(1) establish procedures whereby an individual can be notified in response to his request if any system of records named by the individual contains a record pertaining to him;

(2) define reasonable times, places, and requirements for identifying an individual who requests his record or information pertaining to him before the agency shall make the record or information available to the individual;

(3) establish procedures for the disclosure to an individual upon his request of his record or information pertaining to him, including special procedure, if deemed necessary, for the disclosure to an individual of medical records, including psychological records, pertaining to him;

(4) establish procedures for reviewing a request from an individual concerning the amendment of any record or information pertaining to the individual, for making a determination on the request, for an appeal within the agency of an initial adverse agency determination, and for whatever additional means may be necessary for each individual to be able to exercise fully his rights under this section; and

(5) establish fees to be charged, if any, to any individual for making copies of his record, excluding the cost of any search for and review of the record.

The Office of the Federal Register shall biennially compile and publish the rules promulgated under this subsection and agency notices published under subsection (e)(4) of this section in a form available to the public at low cost.

(g)(1)

(A) makes a determination under subsection (d)(3) of this section not to amend an individual's record in accordance with his request, or fails to make such review in conformity with that subsection;

(B) refuses to comply with an individual request under subsection (d)(1) of this section;

(C) fails to maintain any record concerning any individual with such accuracy, relevance, timeliness, and completeness as is necessary to assure fairness in any determination relating to the qualifications, character, rights, or opportunities of, or benefits to the individual that may be made on the basis of such record, and consequently a determination is made which is adverse to the individual; or

(D) fails to comply with any other provision of this section, or any rule promulgated thereunder, in such a way as to have an adverse effect on an individual,

the individual may bring a civil action against the agency, and the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction in the matters under the provisions of this subsection.

(2)(A) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection (g)(1)(A) of this section, the court may order the agency to amend the individual's record in accordance with his request or in such other way as the court may direct. In such a case the court shall determine the matter de novo.

(B) The court may assess against the United States reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in any case under this paragraph in which the complainant has substantially prevailed.

(3)(A) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection (g)(1)(B) of this section, the court may enjoin the agency from withholding the records and order the production to the complainant of any agency records improperly withheld from him. In such a case the court shall determine the matter de novo, and may examine the contents of any agency records in camera to determine whether the records or any portion thereof may be withheld under any of the exemptions set forth in subsection (k) of this section, and the burden is on the agency to sustain its action.

(B) The court may assess against the United States reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred in any case under this paragraph in which the complainant has substantially prevailed.

(4) In any suit brought under the provisions of subsection (g)(1)(C) or (D) of this section in which the court determines that the agency acted in a manner which was intentional or willful, the United States shall be liable to the individual in an amount equal to the sum of—

(A) actual damages sustained by the individual as a result of the refusal or failure, but in no case shall a person entitled to recovery receive less than the sum of $1,000; and

(B) the costs of the action together with reasonable attorney fees as determined by the court.

(5) An action to enforce any liability created under this section may be brought in the district court of the United States in the district in which the complainant resides, or has his principal place of business, or in which the agency records are situated, or in the District of Columbia, without regard to the amount in controversy, within two years from the date on which the cause of action arises, except that where an agency has materially and willfully misrepresented any information required under this section to be disclosed to an individual and the information so misrepresented is material to establishment of the liability of the agency to the individual under this section, the action may be brought at any time within two years after discovery by the individual of the misrepresentation. Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize any civil action by reason of any injury sustained as the result of a disclosure of a record prior to September 27, 1975.

(h)

(i)(1)

(2) Any officer or employee of any agency who willfully maintains a system of records without meeting the notice requirements of subsection (e)(4) of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than $5,000.

(3) Any person who knowingly and willfully requests or obtains any record concerning an individual from an agency under false pretenses shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined not more than $5,000.

(j)

(1) maintained by the Central Intelligence Agency; or

(2) maintained by an agency or component thereof which performs as its principal function any activity pertaining to the enforcement of criminal laws, including police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime or to apprehend criminals, and the activities of prosecutors, courts, correctional, probation, pardon, or parole authorities, and which consists of (A) information compiled for the purpose of identifying individual criminal offenders and alleged offenders and consisting only of identifying data and notations of arrests, the nature and disposition of criminal charges, sentencing, confinement, release, and parole and probation status; (B) information compiled for the purpose of a criminal investigation, including reports of informants and investigators, and associated with an identifiable individual; or (C) reports identifiable to an individual compiled at any stage of the process of enforcement of the criminal laws from arrest or indictment through release from supervision.

At the time rules are adopted under this subsection, the agency shall include in the statement required under section 553(c) of this title, the reasons why the system of records is to be exempted from a provision of this section.

(k)

(1) subject to the provisions of section 552(b)(1) of this title;

(2) investigatory material compiled for law enforcement purposes, other than material within the scope of subsection (j)(2) of this section: *Provided, however*, That if any individual is denied any right, privilege, or benefit that he would otherwise be entitled by Federal law, or for which he would otherwise be eligible, as a result of the maintenance of such material, such material shall be provided to such individual, except to the extent that the disclosure of such material would reveal the identity of a source who furnished information to the Government under an express promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to the effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence;

(3) maintained in connection with providing protective services to the President of the United States or other individuals pursuant to section 3056 of title 18;

(4) required by statute to be maintained and used solely as statistical records;

(5) investigatory material compiled solely for the purpose of determining suitability, eligibility, or qualifications for Federal civilian employment, military service, Federal contracts, or access to classified information, but only to the extent that the disclosure of such material would reveal the identity of a source who furnished information to the Government under an express promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to the effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence;

(6) testing or examination material used solely to determine individual qualifications for appointment or promotion in the Federal service the disclosure of which would compromise the objectivity or fairness of the testing or examination process; or

(7) evaluation material used to determine potential for promotion in the armed services, but only to the extent that the disclosure of such material would reveal the identity of a source who furnished information to the Government under an express promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence, or, prior to the effective date of this section, under an implied promise that the identity of the source would be held in confidence.

At the time rules are adopted under this subsection, the agency shall include in the statement required under section 553(c) of this title, the reasons why the system of records is to be exempted from a provision of this section.

(l)(1)

(2) Each agency record pertaining to an identifiable individual which was transferred to the National Archives of the United States as a record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its continued preservation by the United States Government, prior to the effective date of this section, shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered to be maintained by the National Archives and shall not be subject to the provisions of this section, except that a statement generally describing such records (modeled after the requirements relating to records subject to subsections (e)(4)(A) through (G) of this section) shall be published in the Federal Register.

(3) Each agency record pertaining to an identifiable individual which is transferred to the National Archives of the United States as a record which has sufficient historical or other value to warrant its continued preservation by the United States Government, on or after the effective date of this section, shall, for the purposes of this section, be considered to be maintained by the National Archives and shall be exempt from the requirements of this section except subsections (e)(4)(A) through (G) and (e)(9) of this section.

(m)(1)

(2) A consumer reporting agency to which a record is disclosed under section 3711(e) of title 31 shall not be considered a contractor for the purposes of this section.

(n)

(o)

(A) the purpose and legal authority for conducting the program;

(B) the justification for the program and the anticipated results, including a specific estimate of any savings;

(C) a description of the records that will be matched, including each data element that will be used, the approximate number of records that will be matched, and the projected starting and completion dates of the matching program;

(D) procedures for providing individualized notice at the time of application, and notice periodically thereafter as directed by the Data Integrity Board of such agency (subject to guidance provided by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to subsection (v)), to—

(i) applicants for and recipients of financial assistance or payments under Federal benefit programs, and

(ii) applicants for and holders of positions as Federal personnel,

that any information provided by such applicants, recipients, holders, and individuals may be subject to verification through matching programs;

(E) procedures for verifying information produced in such matching program as required by subsection (p);

(F) procedures for the retention and timely destruction of identifiable records created by a recipient agency or non-Federal agency in such matching program;

(G) procedures for ensuring the administrative, technical, and physical security of the records matched and the results of such programs;

(H) prohibitions on duplication and redisclosure of records provided by the source agency within or outside the recipient agency or the non-Federal agency, except where required by law or essential to the conduct of the matching program;

(I) procedures governing the use by a recipient agency or non-Federal agency of records provided in a matching program by a source agency, including procedures governing return of the records to the source agency or destruction of records used in such program;

(J) information on assessments that have been made on the accuracy of the records that will be used in such matching program; and

(K) that the Comptroller General may have access to all records of a recipient agency or a non-Federal agency that the Comptroller General deems necessary in order to monitor or verify compliance with the agreement.

(2)(A) A copy of each agreement entered into pursuant to paragraph (1) shall—

(i) be transmitted to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives; and

(ii) be available upon request to the public.

(B) No such agreement shall be effective until 30 days after the date on which such a copy is transmitted pursuant to subparagraph (A)(i).

(C) Such an agreement shall remain in effect only for such period, not to exceed 18 months, as the Data Integrity Board of the agency determines is appropriate in light of the purposes, and length of time necessary for the conduct, of the matching program.

(D) Within 3 months prior to the expiration of such an agreement pursuant to subparagraph (C), the Data Integrity Board of the agency may, without additional review, renew the matching agreement for a current, ongoing matching program for not more than one additional year if—

(i) such program will be conducted without any change; and

(ii) each party to the agreement certifies to the Board in writing that the program has been conducted in compliance with the agreement.

(p)

(A)(i) the agency has independently verified the information; or

(ii) the Data Integrity Board of the agency, or in the case of a non-Federal agency the Data Integrity Board of the source agency, determines in accordance with guidance issued by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget that—

(I) the information is limited to identification and amount of benefits paid by the source agency under a Federal benefit program; and

(II) there is a high degree of confidence that the information provided to the recipient agency is accurate;

(B) the individual receives a notice from the agency containing a statement of its findings and informing the individual of the opportunity to contest such findings; and

(C)(i) the expiration of any time period established for the program by statute or regulation for the individual to respond to that notice; or

(ii) in the case of a program for which no such period is established, the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date on which notice under subparagraph (B) is mailed or otherwise provided to the individual.

(2) Independent verification referred to in paragraph (1) requires investigation and confirmation of specific information relating to an individual that is used as a basis for an adverse action against the individual, including where applicable investigation and confirmation of—

(A) the amount of any asset or income involved;

(B) whether such individual actually has or had access to such asset or income for such individual's own use; and

(C) the period or periods when the individual actually had such asset or income.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an agency may take any appropriate action otherwise prohibited by such paragraph if the agency determines that the public health or public safety may be adversely affected or significantly threatened during any notice period required by such paragraph.

(q)

(2) No source agency may renew a matching agreement unless—

(A) the recipient agency or non-Federal agency has certified that it has complied with the provisions of that agreement; and

(B) the source agency has no reason to believe that the certification is inaccurate.

(r)

(s)

(1) describing the actions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to section 6 of the Privacy Act of 1974 during the preceding 2 years;

(2) describing the exercise of individual rights of access and amendment under this section during such years;

(3) identifying changes in or additions to systems of records;

(4) containing such other information concerning administration of this section as may be necessary or useful to the Congress in reviewing the effectiveness of this section in carrying out the purposes of the Privacy Act of 1974.

(t)(1)

(2) No agency shall rely on any exemption in this section to withhold from an individual any record which is otherwise accessible to such individual under the provisions of section 552 of this title.

(u)

(2) Each Data Integrity Board shall consist of senior officials designated by the head of the agency, and shall include any senior official designated by the head of the agency as responsible for implementation of this section, and the inspector general of the agency, if any. The inspector general shall not serve as chairman of the Data Integrity Board.

(3) Each Data Integrity Board—

(A) shall review, approve, and maintain all written agreements for receipt or disclosure of agency records for matching programs to ensure compliance with subsection (o), and all relevant statutes, regulations, and guidelines;

(B) shall review all matching programs in which the agency has participated during the year, either as a source agency or recipient agency, determine compliance with applicable laws, regulations, guidelines, and agency agreements, and assess the costs and benefits of such programs;

(C) shall review all recurring matching programs in which the agency has participated during the year, either as a source agency or recipient agency, for continued justification for such disclosures;

(D) shall compile an annual report, which shall be submitted to the head of the agency and the Office of Management and Budget and made available to the public on request, describing the matching activities of the agency, including—

(i) matching programs in which the agency has participated as a source agency or recipient agency;

(ii) matching agreements proposed under subsection (o) that were disapproved by the Board;

(iii) any changes in membership or structure of the Board in the preceding year;

(iv) the reasons for any waiver of the requirement in paragraph (4) of this section for completion and submission of a cost-benefit analysis prior to the approval of a matching program;

(v) any violations of matching agreements that have been alleged or identified and any corrective action taken; and

(vi) any other information required by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to be included in such report;

(E) shall serve as a clearinghouse for receiving and providing information on the accuracy, completeness, and reliability of records used in matching programs;

(F) shall provide interpretation and guidance to agency components and personnel on the requirements of this section for matching programs;

(G) shall review agency recordkeeping and disposal policies and practices for matching programs to assure compliance with this section; and

(H) may review and report on any agency matching activities that are not matching programs.

(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), a Data Integrity Board shall not approve any written agreement for a matching program unless the agency has completed and submitted to such Board a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed program and such analysis demonstrates that the program is likely to be cost effective.2

(B) The Board may waive the requirements of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph if it determines in writing, in accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, that a cost-benefit analysis is not required.

(C) A cost-benefit analysis shall not be required under subparagraph (A) prior to the initial approval of a written agreement for a matching program that is specifically required by statute. Any subsequent written agreement for such a program shall not be approved by the Data Integrity Board unless the agency has submitted a cost-benefit analysis of the program as conducted under the preceding approval of such agreement.

(5)(A) If a matching agreement is disapproved by a Data Integrity Board, any party to such agreement may appeal the disapproval to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. Timely notice of the filing of such an appeal shall be provided by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives.

(B) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget may approve a matching agreement notwithstanding the disapproval of a Data Integrity Board if the Director determines that—

(i) the matching program will be consistent with all applicable legal, regulatory, and policy requirements;

(ii) there is adequate evidence that the matching agreement will be cost-effective; and

(iii) the matching program is in the public interest.

(C) The decision of the Director to approve a matching agreement shall not take effect until 30 days after it is reported to committees described in subparagraph (A).

(D) If the Data Integrity Board and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget disapprove a matching program proposed by the inspector general of an agency, the inspector general may report the disapproval to the head of the agency and to the Congress.

(6) In the reports required by paragraph (3)(D), agency matching activities that are not matching programs may be reported on an aggregate basis, if and to the extent necessary to protect ongoing law enforcement or counterintelligence investigations.

(v)

(1) develop and, after notice and opportunity for public comment, prescribe guidelines and regulations for the use of agencies in implementing the provisions of this section; and

(2) provide continuing assistance to and oversight of the implementation of this section by agencies.

(w)

(Added Pub. L. 93–579, §3, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1897; amended Pub. L. 94–183, §2(2), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 97–365, §2, Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1749; Pub. L. 97–375, title II, §201(a), (b), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1821; Pub. L. 97–452, §2(a)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 98–477, §2(c), Oct. 15, 1984, 98 Stat. 2211; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(g), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2292; Pub. L. 100–503, §§2–6(a), 7, 8, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2507–2514; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7201(b)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–334; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13581(c), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 104–193, title I, §110(w), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 104–226, §1(b)(3), Oct. 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 3033; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §115(g)(2)(B), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3835; Pub. L. 105–34, title X, §1026(b)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 925; Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1301(d), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Pub. L. 106–170, title IV, §402(a)(2), Dec. 17, 1999, 113 Stat. 1908; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 111–148, title VI, §6402(b)(2), Mar. 23, 2010, 124 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1082, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2080; Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, title I, §102(d), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4062.)

Section 552(e) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was redesignated section 552(f) of this title by section 1802(b) of Pub. L. 99–570.

Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(8)(B)(iv), (vii), is classified to section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Sections 404, 464, and 1137 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(8)(B)(iv), are classified to sections 604, 664, and 1320b–7, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (a)(8)(B)(x), probably means Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4056, known as the Stephen Beck, Jr., Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014 or the Stephen Beck, Jr., ABLE Act of 2014. The Act does not contain a section 3.

For effective date of this section, referred to in subsecs. (k)(2), (5), (7), (l)(2), (3), and (m), see Effective Date note below.

Section 6 of the Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (s)(1), is section 6 of Pub. L. 93–579, which was set out below and was repealed by section 6(c) of Pub. L. 100–503.

For classification of the Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (s)(4), see Short Title note below.

The Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, referred to in subsec. (w), is title X of Pub. L. 111–203, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1955, which enacted subchapter V (§5481 et seq.) of chapter 53 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and enacted and amended numerous other sections and notes in the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5301 of Title 12 and Tables.

Section 552a of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2244 of Title 7, Agriculture.

**2014**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(x). Pub. L. 113–295 added cl. (x).

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(ix). Pub. L. 111–148 added cl. (ix).

Subsec. (w). Pub. L. 111–203 added subsec. (w).

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(viii). Pub. L. 106–170 added cl. (viii).

**1998**—Subsec. (u)(6), (7). Pub. L. 105–362 redesignated par. (7) as (6), substituted "paragraph (3)(D)" for "paragraphs (3)(D) and (6)", and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall, annually during the first 3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection and biennially thereafter, consolidate in a report to the Congress the information contained in the reports from the various Data Integrity Boards under paragraph (3)(D). Such report shall include detailed information about costs and benefits of matching programs that are conducted during the period covered by such consolidated report, and shall identify each waiver granted by a Data Integrity Board of the requirement for completion and submission of a cost-benefit analysis and the reasons for granting the waiver."

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 105–34 added cl. (vii).

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(iv)(III). Pub. L. 104–193 substituted "section 404(e), 464," for "section 464".

Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(v) to (vii). Pub. L. 104–226 inserted "or" at end of cl. (v), struck out "or" at end of cl. (vi), and struck out cl. (vii) which read as follows: "matches performed pursuant to section 6103(l)(12) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and section 1144 of the Social Security Act;".

Subsecs. (b)(12), (m)(2). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "3711(e)" for "3711(f)".

**1993**—Subsec. (a)(8)(B)(vii). Pub. L. 103–66 added cl. (vii).

**1990**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 101–508 amended subsec. (p) generally, restating former pars. (1) and (3) as par. (1), adding provisions relating to Data Integrity Boards, and restating former pars. (2) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(8) to (13). Pub. L. 100–503, §5, added pars. (8) to (13).

Subsec. (e)(12). Pub. L. 100–503, §3(a), added par. (12).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–503, §7, substituted "biennially" for "annually" in last sentence.

Subsecs. (o) to (q). Pub. L. 100–503, §2(2), added subsecs. (o) to (q). Former subsecs. (o) to (q) redesignated (r) to (t), respectively.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 100–503, §3(b), inserted "and matching programs" in heading and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Each agency shall provide adequate advance notice to Congress and the Office of Management and Budget of any proposal to establish or alter any system of records in order to permit an evaluation of the probable or potential effect of such proposal on the privacy and other personal or property rights of individuals or the disclosure of information relating to such individuals, and its effect on the preservation of the constitutional principles of federalism and separation of powers."

Pub. L. 100–503, §2(1), redesignated former subsec. (o) as (r).

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 100–503, §8, substituted "Biennial" for "Annual" in heading, "biennially submit" for "annually submit" in introductory provisions, "preceding 2 years" for "preceding year" in par. (1), and "such years" for "such year" in par. (2).

Pub. L. 100–503, §2(1), redesignated former subsec. (p) as (s).

Subsec. (t). Pub. L. 100–503, §2(1), redesignated former subsec. (q) as (t).

Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 100–503, §4, added subsec. (u).

Subsec. (v). Pub. L. 100–503, §6(a), added subsec. (v).

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(g)(1), substituted "National Archives and Records Administration" for "National Archives of the United States", and "Archivist of the United States or the designee of the Archivist" for "Administrator of General Services or his designee".

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 98–497, §107(g)(2), substituted "Archivist of the United States" for "Administrator of General Services" in two places.

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 98–477 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 97–452 substituted "section 3711(f) of title 31" for "section 3(d) of the Federal Claims Collection Act of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 952(d))".

Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 97–452 substituted "section 3711(f) of title 31" for "section 3(d) of the Federal Claims Collection Act of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 952(d))".

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 97–365, §2(a), added par. (12).

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 97–375, §201(a), substituted "upon establishment or revision" for "at least annually" after "Federal Register".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 97–365, §2(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 97–375, §201(b), substituted provisions requiring annual submission of a report by the President to the Speaker of the House and President pro tempore of the Senate relating to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, individual rights of access, changes or additions to systems of records, and other necessary or useful information, for provisions which had directed the President to submit to the Speaker of the House and the President of the Senate, by June 30 of each calendar year, a consolidated report, separately listing for each Federal agency the number of records contained in any system of records which were exempted from the application of this section under the provisions of subsections (j) and (k) of this section during the preceding calendar year, and the reasons for the exemptions, and such other information as indicate efforts to administer fully this section.

**1975**—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "to September 27, 1975" for "to the effective date of this section".

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Government Operations of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 113–295, div. B, title I, §102(f)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 4062, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 529A of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and amending this section, section 5517 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and sections 26, 877A, 4965, 4973, and 6693 of Title 26] shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014."

Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1082, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2080, provided that the amendment made by section 1082 is effective on July 21, 2010.

Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1100H, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2113, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle [subtitle H (§§1081–1100H) of title X of Pub. L. 111–203, see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this subtitle, this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle, other than sections 1081 [amending section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452, formerly set out in the Appendix to this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8G of Pub. L. 95–452] and 1082 [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section], shall become effective on the designated transfer date."

[The term "designated transfer date" is defined in section 5481(9) of Title 12, Banks and Banking, as the date established under section 5582 of Title 12, which is July 21, 2011.]

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–170 applicable to individuals whose period of confinement in an institution commences on or after the first day of the fourth month beginning after December 1999, see section 402(a)(4) of Pub. L. 106–170, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to levies issued after Aug. 5, 1997, see section 1026(c) of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–193 effective July 1, 1997, with transition rules relating to State options to accelerate such date, rules relating to claims, actions, and proceedings commenced before such date, rules relating to closing out of accounts for terminated or substantially modified programs and continuance in office of Assistant Secretary for Family Support, and provisions relating to termination of entitlement under AFDC program, see section 116 of Pub. L. 104–193, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Jan. 1, 1994, see section 13581(d) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 1395y of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 100–503, §10, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2514, as amended by Pub. L. 101–56, §2, July 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 149, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) such matching program is identified by an agency as being in operation before June 1, 1989; and

"(2) such identification is—

"(A) submitted by the agency to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives, and the Office of Management and Budget before August 1, 1989, in a report which contains a schedule showing the dates on which the agency expects to have such matching program in compliance with the amendments made by this Act, and

"(B) published by the Office of Management and Budget in the Federal Register, before September 15, 1989."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 93–579, §8, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1910, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] shall be effective on and after the date of enactment [Dec. 31, 1974], except that the amendments made by sections 3 and 4 [enacting this section and amending analysis preceding section 500 of this title] shall become effective 270 days following the day on which this Act is enacted."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–334, provided that: "This section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes below] may be cited as the 'Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Amendments of 1990'."

Pub. L. 101–56, §1, July 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 149, provided that: "This Act [amending section 10 of Pub. L. 100–503, set out as a note above] may be cited as the 'Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act Amendments of 1989'."

Pub. L. 100–503, §1, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2507, provided that: "This Act [amending this section, enacting provisions set out as notes above and below, and repealing provisions set out as a note below] may be cited as the 'Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988'."

Pub. L. 93–579, §1, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1896, provided: "That this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Privacy Act of 1974'."

This section is popularly known as the "Privacy Act" and the "Privacy Act of 1974".

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (s) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 31 of House Document No. 103–7.

Functions of Director of Office of Management and Budget under this section delegated to Administrator for Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs by section 3 of Pub. L. 96–511, Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2825, set out as a note under section 3503 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 116–50, §3, Aug. 22, 2019, 133 Stat. 1073, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) Requires each agency to accept electronic identity proofing and authentication processes for the purposes of allowing an individual to provide prior written consent for the disclosure of the individual's records under section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code, or for individual access to records under section 552a(d) of such title.

"(2) Creates a template for electronic consent and access forms and requires each agency to post the template on the agency website and to accept the forms from any individual properly identity proofed and authenticated in accordance with paragraph (1) for the purpose of authorizing disclosure of the individual's records under section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code, or for individual access to records under section 552a(d) of such title.

"(3) Requires each agency to accept the electronic consent and access forms described in paragraph (2) from any individual properly identity proofed and authenticated in accordance with paragraph (1) for the purpose of authorizing disclosure of the individual's records to another entity, including a congressional office, in accordance with section 552a(b) of title 5, United States Code, or for individual access to records under section 552a(d) [of such title].

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 114–126, Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 282, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Judicial Redress Act of 2015'.

"(a)

"(1) section 552a(g)(1)(D) of title 5, United States Code, but only with respect to disclosures intentionally or willfully made in violation of section 552a(b) of such title; and

"(2) subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 552a(g)(1) of title 5, United States Code, but such an action may only be brought against a designated Federal agency or component.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A)(i) the country or regional economic integration organization, or member country of such organization, has entered into an agreement with the United States that provides for appropriate privacy protections for information shared for the purpose of preventing, investigating, detecting, or prosecuting criminal offenses; or

"(ii) the Attorney General has determined that the country or regional economic integration organization, or member country of such organization, has effectively shared information with the United States for the purpose of preventing, investigating, detecting, or prosecuting criminal offenses and has appropriate privacy protections for such shared information;

"(B) the country or regional economic integration organization, or member country of such organization, permits the transfer of personal data for commercial purposes between the territory of that country or regional economic organization and the territory of the United States, through an agreement with the United States or otherwise; and

"(C) the Attorney General has certified that the policies regarding the transfer of personal data for commercial purposes and related actions of the country or regional economic integration organization, or member country of such organization, do not materially impede the national security interests of the United States.

"(2)

"(A) is not complying with the agreement described under paragraph (1)(A)(i);

"(B) no longer meets the requirements for designation under paragraph (1)(A)(ii);

"(C) fails to meet the requirements under paragraph (1)(B);

"(D) no longer meets the requirements for certification under paragraph (1)(C); or

"(E) impedes the transfer of information (for purposes of reporting or preventing unlawful activity) to the United States by a private entity or person.

"(e)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the Attorney General determines that information exchanged by such agency with a covered country is within the scope of an agreement referred to in subsection (d)(1)(A); or

"(B) with respect to a country or regional economic integration organization, or member country of such organization, that has been designated as a 'covered country' under subsection (d)(1)(B), the Attorney General determines that designating such agency or component thereof is in the law enforcement interests of the United States.

"(f)

"(g)

"(h)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(A) by a public authority of, or private entity within, a country or regional economic organization, or member country of such organization, which at the time the record is transferred is a covered country; and

"(B) to a designated Federal agency or component for purposes of preventing, investigating, detecting, or prosecuting criminal offenses.

"(5)

"(6)

"(i)

"(j)

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7201(b)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–334, provided that: "Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall publish guidance under subsection (p)(1)(A)(ii) of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7201(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–335, provided that: "Section 552a(p)(1)(A)(ii)(II) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 2 [probably means section 7201(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508], shall not apply to a program referred to in paragraph (1), (2), or (4) of section 1137(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320b–7), until the earlier of—

"(1) the date on which the Data Integrity Board of the Federal agency which administers that program determines that there is not a high degree of confidence that information provided by that agency under Federal matching programs is accurate; or

"(2) 30 days after the date of publication of guidance under section 2(b) [probably means section 7201(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note above]."

Pub. L. 101–366, title II, §206(d), Aug. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 442, provided that:

"(1) In the case of computer matching programs between the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense in the administration of education benefits programs under chapters 30 and 32 of title 38 and chapter 106 of title 10, United States Code, the amendments made to section 552a of title 5, United States Code, by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 [Pub. L. 100–503] (other than the amendments made by section 10(b) of that Act) [see Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note above] shall take effect on October 1, 1990.

"(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'matching program' has the same meaning provided in section 552a(a)(8) of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 100–503, §6(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2513, required the Director, pursuant to section 552a(v) of this title, to develop guidelines and regulations for the use of agencies in implementing amendments made by Pub. L. 100–503 not later than 8 months after Oct. 18, 1988.

Pub. L. 100–503, §9, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2514, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and repealing provisions set out as a note below] shall be construed to authorize—

"(1) the establishment or maintenance by any agency of a national data bank that combines, merges, or links information on individuals maintained in systems of records by other Federal agencies;

"(2) the direct linking of computerized systems of records maintained by Federal agencies;

"(3) the computer matching of records not otherwise authorized by law; or

"(4) the disclosure of records for computer matching except to a Federal, State, or local agency."

Pub. L. 93–579, §2, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1896, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds that—

"(1) the privacy of an individual is directly affected by the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of personal information by Federal agencies;

"(2) the increasing use of computers and sophisticated information technology, while essential to the efficient operations of the Government, has greatly magnified the harm to individual privacy that can occur from any collection, maintenance, use, or dissemination of personal information;

"(3) the opportunities for an individual to secure employment, insurance, and credit, and his right to due process, and other legal protections are endangered by the misuse of certain information systems;

"(4) the right to privacy is a personal and fundamental right protected by the Constitution of the United States; and

"(5) in order to protect the privacy of individuals identified in information systems maintained by Federal agencies, it is necessary and proper for the Congress to regulate the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of information by such agencies.

"(b) The purpose of this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] is to provide certain safeguards for an individual against an invasion of personal privacy by requiring Federal agencies, except as otherwise provided by law, to—

"(1) permit an individual to determine what records pertaining to him are collected, maintained, used, or disseminated by such agencies;

"(2) permit an individual to prevent records pertaining to him obtained by such agencies for a particular purpose from being used or made available for another purpose without his consent;

"(3) permit an individual to gain access to information pertaining to him in Federal agency records, to have a copy made of all or any portion thereof, and to correct or amend such records;

"(4) collect, maintain, use, or disseminate any record of identifiable personal information in a manner that assures that such action is for a necessary and lawful purpose, that the information is current and accurate for its intended use, and that adequate safeguards are provided to prevent misuse of such information;

"(5) permit exemptions from the requirements with respect to records provided in this Act only in those cases where there is an important public policy need for such exemption as has been determined by specific statutory authority; and

"(6) be subject to civil suit for any damages which occur as a result of willful or intentional action which violates any individual's rights under this Act."

Pub. L. 93–579, §5, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1905, as amended by Pub. L. 95–38, June 1, 1977, 91 Stat. 179, which established the Privacy Protection Study Commission and provided that the Commission study data banks, automated data processing programs and information systems of governmental, regional and private organizations to determine standards and procedures in force for protection of personal information, that the Commission report to the President and Congress the extent to which requirements and principles of section 552a of title 5 should be applied to the information practices of those organizations, and that it make other legislative recommendations to protect the privacy of individuals while meeting the legitimate informational needs of government and society, ceased to exist on September 30, 1977, pursuant to section 5(g) of Pub. L. 93–579.

Pub. L. 93–579, §6, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1909, which provided that the Office of Management and Budget shall develop guidelines and regulations for use of agencies in implementing provisions of this section and provide continuing assistance to and oversight of the implementation of the provisions of such section by agencies, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–503, §6(c), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2513.

Pub. L. 93–579, §7, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1909, provided that:

"(a)(1) It shall be unlawful for any Federal, State or local government agency to deny to any individual any right, benefit, or privilege provided by law because of such individual's refusal to disclose his social security account number.

"(2) the [The] provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply with respect to—

"(A) any disclosure which is required by Federal statute, or

"(B) the disclosure of a social security number to any Federal, State, or local agency maintaining a system of records in existence and operating before January 1, 1975, if such disclosure was required under statute or regulation adopted prior to such date to verify the identity of an individual.

"(b) Any Federal, State, or local government agency which requests an individual to disclose his social security account number shall inform that individual whether that disclosure is mandatory or voluntary, by what statutory or other authority such number is solicited, and what uses will be made of it."

Pub. L. 93–579, §9, Dec. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 1910, as amended by Pub. L. 94–394, Sept. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1198, authorized appropriations for the period beginning July 1, 1975, and ending on September 30, 1977.

Ex. Ord. No. 9397, Nov. 22, 1943, 8 F.R. 16095, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13478, §2, Nov. 18, 2008, 73 F.R. 70239, provided:

WHEREAS certain Federal agencies from time to time require in the administration of their activities a system of numerical identification of accounts of individual persons; and

WHEREAS some seventy million persons have heretofore been assigned account numbers pursuant to the Social Security Act; and

WHEREAS a large percentage of Federal employees have already been assigned account numbers pursuant to the Social Security Act; and

WHEREAS it is desirable in the interest of economy and orderly administration that the Federal Government move towards the use of a single, unduplicated numerical identification system of accounts and avoid the unnecessary establishment of additional systems:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1. Hereafter any Federal department, establishment, or agency may, whenever the head thereof finds it advisable to establish a new system of permanent account numbers pertaining to individual persons, utilize the Social Security Act account numbers assigned pursuant to title 20, section 422.103 of the Code of Federal Regulations and pursuant to paragraph 2 of this order.

2. The Social Security Administration shall provide for the assignment of an account number to each person who is required by any Federal agency to have such a number but who has not previously been assigned such number by the Administration. The Administration may accomplish this purpose by (a) assigning such numbers to individual persons, (b) assigning blocks of numbers to Federal agencies for reassignment to individual persons, or (c) making such other arrangements for the assignment of numbers as it may deem appropriate.

3. The Social Security Administration shall furnish, upon request of any Federal agency utilizing the numerical identification system of accounts provided for in this order, the account number pertaining to any person with whom such agency has an account or the name and other identifying data pertaining to any account number of any such person.

4. The Social Security Administration and each Federal agency shall maintain the confidential character of information relating to individual persons obtained pursuant to the provisions of this order.

5. There shall be transferred to the Social Security Administration, from time to time, such amounts as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine to be required for reimbursement by any Federal agency for the services rendered by the Administration pursuant to the provisions of this order.

6. This order shall be implemented in accordance with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

7. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

8. This order shall be published in the Federal Register.

For provisions relating to a response to a request for information under this section when the fact of its existence or nonexistence is itself classified or when it was originally classified by another agency, see Ex. Ord. No. 13526, §3.6, Dec. 29, 2009, 75 F.R. 718, set out as a note under section 3161 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "cost-effective."

(a) For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "agency" means any agency, as defined in section 552(e) 1 of this title, headed by a collegial body composed of two or more individual members, a majority of whom are appointed to such position by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and any subdivision thereof authorized to act on behalf of the agency;

(2) the term "meeting" means the deliberations of at least the number of individual agency members required to take action on behalf of the agency where such deliberations determine or result in the joint conduct or disposition of official agency business, but does not include deliberations required or permitted by subsection (d) or (e); and

(3) the term "member" means an individual who belongs to a collegial body heading an agency.

(b) Members shall not jointly conduct or dispose of agency business other than in accordance with this section. Except as provided in subsection (c), every portion of every meeting of an agency shall be open to public observation.

(c) Except in a case where the agency finds that the public interest requires otherwise, the second sentence of subsection (b) shall not apply to any portion of an agency meeting, and the requirements of subsections (d) and (e) shall not apply to any information pertaining to such meeting otherwise required by this section to be disclosed to the public, where the agency properly determines that such portion or portions of its meeting or the disclosure of such information is likely to—

(1) disclose matters that are (A) specifically authorized under criteria established by an Executive order to be kept secret in the interests of national defense or foreign policy and (B) in fact properly classified pursuant to such Executive order;

(2) relate solely to the internal personnel rules and practices of an agency;

(3) disclose matters specifically exempted from disclosure by statute (other than section 552 of this title), provided that such statute (A) requires that the matters be withheld from the public in such a manner as to leave no discretion on the issue, or (B) establishes particular criteria for withholding or refers to particular types of matters to be withheld;

(4) disclose trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person and privileged or confidential;

(5) involve accusing any person of a crime, or formally censuring any person;

(6) disclose information of a personal nature where disclosure would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy;

(7) disclose investigatory records compiled for law enforcement purposes, or information which if written would be contained in such records, but only to the extent that the production of such records or information would (A) interfere with enforcement proceedings, (B) deprive a person of a right to a fair trial or an impartial adjudication, (C) constitute an unwarranted invasion of personal privacy, (D) disclose the identity of a confidential source and, in the case of a record compiled by a criminal law enforcement authority in the course of a criminal investigation, or by an agency conducting a lawful national security intelligence investigation, confidential information furnished only by the confidential source, (E) disclose investigative techniques and procedures, or (F) endanger the life or physical safety of law enforcement personnel;

(8) disclose information contained in or related to examination, operating, or condition reports prepared by, on behalf of, or for the use of an agency responsible for the regulation or supervision of financial institutions;

(9) disclose information the premature disclosure of which would—

(A) in the case of an agency which regulates currencies, securities, commodities, or financial institutions, be likely to (i) lead to significant financial speculation in currencies, securities, or commodities, or (ii) significantly endanger the stability of any financial institution; or

(B) in the case of any agency, be likely to significantly frustrate implementation of a proposed agency action,

except that subparagraph (B) shall not apply in any instance where the agency has already disclosed to the public the content or nature of its proposed action, or where the agency is required by law to make such disclosure on its own initiative prior to taking final agency action on such proposal; or

(10) specifically concern the agency's issuance of a subpena, or the agency's participation in a civil action or proceeding, an action in a foreign court or international tribunal, or an arbitration, or the initiation, conduct, or disposition by the agency of a particular case of formal agency adjudication pursuant to the procedures in section 554 of this title or otherwise involving a determination on the record after opportunity for a hearing.

(d)(1) Action under subsection (c) shall be taken only when a majority of the entire membership of the agency (as defined in subsection (a)(1)) votes to take such action. A separate vote of the agency members shall be taken with respect to each agency meeting a portion or portions of which are proposed to be closed to the public pursuant to subsection (c), or with respect to any information which is proposed to be withheld under subsection (c). A single vote may be taken with respect to a series of meetings, a portion or portions of which are proposed to be closed to the public, or with respect to any information concerning such series of meetings, so long as each meeting in such series involves the same particular matters and is scheduled to be held no more than thirty days after the initial meeting in such series. The vote of each agency member participating in such vote shall be recorded and no proxies shall be allowed.

(2) Whenever any person whose interests may be directly affected by a portion of a meeting requests that the agency close such portion to the public for any of the reasons referred to in paragraph (5), (6), or (7) of subsection (c), the agency, upon request of any one of its members, shall vote by recorded vote whether to close such meeting.

(3) Within one day of any vote taken pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2), the agency shall make publicly available a written copy of such vote reflecting the vote of each member on the question. If a portion of a meeting is to be closed to the public, the agency shall, within one day of the vote taken pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, make publicly available a full written explanation of its action closing the portion together with a list of all persons expected to attend the meeting and their affiliation.

(4) Any agency, a majority of whose meetings may properly be closed to the public pursuant to paragraph (4), (8), (9)(A), or (10) of subsection (c), or any combination thereof, may provide by regulation for the closing of such meetings or portions thereof in the event that a majority of the members of the agency votes by recorded vote at the beginning of such meeting, or portion thereof, to close the exempt portion or portions of the meeting, and a copy of such vote, reflecting the vote of each member on the question, is made available to the public. The provisions of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of this subsection and subsection (e) shall not apply to any portion of a meeting to which such regulations apply: *Provided*, That the agency shall, except to the extent that such information is exempt from disclosure under the provisions of subsection (c), provide the public with public announcement of the time, place, and subject matter of the meeting and of each portion thereof at the earliest practicable time.

(e)(1) In the case of each meeting, the agency shall make public announcement, at least one week before the meeting, of the time, place, and subject matter of the meeting, whether it is to be open or closed to the public, and the name and phone number of the official designated by the agency to respond to requests for information about the meeting. Such announcement shall be made unless a majority of the members of the agency determines by a recorded vote that agency business requires that such meeting be called at an earlier date, in which case the agency shall make public announcement of the time, place, and subject matter of such meeting, and whether open or closed to the public, at the earliest practicable time.

(2) The time or place of a meeting may be changed following the public announcement required by paragraph (1) only if the agency publicly announces such change at the earliest practicable time. The subject matter of a meeting, or the determination of the agency to open or close a meeting, or portion of a meeting, to the public, may be changed following the public announcement required by this subsection only if (A) a majority of the entire membership of the agency determines by a recorded vote that agency business so requires and that no earlier announcement of the change was possible, and (B) the agency publicly announces such change and the vote of each member upon such change at the earliest practicable time.

(3) Immediately following each public announcement required by this subsection, notice of the time, place, and subject matter of a meeting, whether the meeting is open or closed, any change in one of the preceding, and the name and phone number of the official designated by the agency to respond to requests for information about the meeting, shall also be submitted for publication in the Federal Register.

(f)(1) For every meeting closed pursuant to paragraphs (1) through (10) of subsection (c), the General Counsel or chief legal officer of the agency shall publicly certify that, in his or her opinion, the meeting may be closed to the public and shall state each relevant exemptive provision. A copy of such certification, together with a statement from the presiding officer of the meeting setting forth the time and place of the meeting, and the persons present, shall be retained by the agency. The agency shall maintain a complete transcript or electronic recording adequate to record fully the proceedings of each meeting, or portion of a meeting, closed to the public, except that in the case of a meeting, or portion of a meeting, closed to the public pursuant to paragraph (8), (9)(A), or (10) of subsection (c), the agency shall maintain either such a transcript or recording, or a set of minutes. Such minutes shall fully and clearly describe all matters discussed and shall provide a full and accurate summary of any actions taken, and the reasons therefor, including a description of each of the views expressed on any item and the record of any rollcall vote (reflecting the vote of each member on the question). All documents considered in connection with any action shall be identified in such minutes.

(2) The agency shall make promptly available to the public, in a place easily accessible to the public, the transcript, electronic recording, or minutes (as required by paragraph (1)) of the discussion of any item on the agenda, or of any item of the testimony of any witness received at the meeting, except for such item or items of such discussion or testimony as the agency determines to contain information which may be withheld under subsection (c). Copies of such transcript, or minutes, or a transcription of such recording disclosing the identity of each speaker, shall be furnished to any person at the actual cost of duplication or transcription. The agency shall maintain a complete verbatim copy of the transcript, a complete copy of the minutes, or a complete electronic recording of each meeting, or portion of a meeting, closed to the public, for a period of at least two years after such meeting, or until one year after the conclusion of any agency proceeding with respect to which the meeting or portion was held, whichever occurs later.

(g) Each agency subject to the requirements of this section shall, within 180 days after the date of enactment of this section, following consultation with the Office of the Chairman of the Administrative Conference of the United States and published notice in the Federal Register of at least thirty days and opportunity for written comment by any person, promulgate regulations to implement the requirements of subsections (b) through (f) of this section. Any person may bring a proceeding in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia to require an agency to promulgate such regulations if such agency has not promulgated such regulations within the time period specified herein. Subject to any limitations of time provided by law, any person may bring a proceeding in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia to set aside agency regulations issued pursuant to this subsection that are not in accord with the requirements of subsections (b) through (f) of this section and to require the promulgation of regulations that are in accord with such subsections.

(h)(1) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to enforce the requirements of subsections (b) through (f) of this section by declaratory judgment, injunctive relief, or other relief as may be appropriate. Such actions may be brought by any person against an agency prior to, or within sixty days after, the meeting out of which the violation of this section arises, except that if public announcement of such meeting is not initially provided by the agency in accordance with the requirements of this section, such action may be instituted pursuant to this section at any time prior to sixty days after any public announcement of such meeting. Such actions may be brought in the district court of the United States for the district in which the agency meeting is held or in which the agency in question has its headquarters, or in the District Court for the District of Columbia. In such actions a defendant shall serve his answer within thirty days after the service of the complaint. The burden is on the defendant to sustain his action. In deciding such cases the court may examine in camera any portion of the transcript, electronic recording, or minutes of a meeting closed to the public, and may take such additional evidence as it deems necessary. The court, having due regard for orderly administration and the public interest, as well as the interests of the parties, may grant such equitable relief as it deems appropriate, including granting an injunction against future violations of this section or ordering the agency to make available to the public such portion of the transcript, recording, or minutes of a meeting as is not authorized to be withheld under subsection (c) of this section.

(2) Any Federal court otherwise authorized by law to review agency action may, at the application of any person properly participating in the proceeding pursuant to other applicable law, inquire into violations by the agency of the requirements of this section and afford such relief as it deems appropriate. Nothing in this section authorizes any Federal court having jurisdiction solely on the basis of paragraph (1) to set aside, enjoin, or invalidate any agency action (other than an action to close a meeting or to withhold information under this section) taken or discussed at any agency meeting out of which the violation of this section arose.

(i) The court may assess against any party reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs reasonably incurred by any other party who substantially prevails in any action brought in accordance with the provisions of subsection (g) or (h) of this section, except that costs may be assessed against the plaintiff only where the court finds that the suit was initiated by the plaintiff primarily for frivolous or dilatory purposes. In the case of assessment of costs against an agency, the costs may be assessed by the court against the United States.

(j) Each agency subject to the requirements of this section shall annually report to the Congress regarding the following:

(1) The changes in the policies and procedures of the agency under this section that have occurred during the preceding 1-year period.

(2) A tabulation of the number of meetings held, the exemptions applied to close meetings, and the days of public notice provided to close meetings.

(3) A brief description of litigation or formal complaints concerning the implementation of this section by the agency.

(4) A brief explanation of any changes in law that have affected the responsibilities of the agency under this section.

(k) Nothing herein expands or limits the present rights of any person under section 552 of this title, except that the exemptions set forth in subsection (c) of this section shall govern in the case of any request made pursuant to section 552 to copy or inspect the transcripts, recordings, or minutes described in subsection (f) of this section. The requirements of chapter 33 of title 44, United States Code, shall not apply to the transcripts, recordings, and minutes described in subsection (f) of this section.

(l) This section does not constitute authority to withhold any information from Congress, and does not authorize the closing of any agency meeting or portion thereof required by any other provision of law to be open.

(m) Nothing in this section authorizes any agency to withhold from any individual any record, including transcripts, recordings, or minutes required by this section, which is otherwise accessible to such individual under section 552a of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 94–409, §3(a), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1241; amended Pub. L. 104–66, title III, §3002, Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 734.)

Section 552(e) of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was redesignated section 552(f) of this title by section 1802(b) of Pub. L. 99–570.

180 days after the date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (g), means 180 days after the date of enactment of Pub. L. 94–409, which was approved Sept. 13, 1976.

**1995**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–66 amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: "Each agency subject to the requirements of this section shall annually report to Congress regarding its compliance with such requirements, including a tabulation of the total number of agency meetings open to the public, the total number of meetings closed to the public, the reasons for closing such meetings, and a description of any litigation brought against the agency under this section, including any costs assessed against the agency in such litigation (whether or not paid by the agency)."

Pub. L. 94–409, §6, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1248, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the provisions of this Act [see Short Title note set out below] shall take effect 180 days after the date of its enactment [Sept. 13, 1976].

"(b) Subsection (g) of section 552b of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 3(a) of this Act, shall take effect upon enactment [Sept. 13, 1976]."

Pub. L. 94–409, §1, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1241, provided: "That this Act [enacting this section, amending sections 551, 552, 556, and 557 of this title, section 10 of Pub. L. 92–463, formerly set out in the Appendix to this title, and section 410 of Title 39, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Government in the Sunshine Act'."

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which the report required by subsec. (j) of this section is listed on page 151), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

For termination of Administrative Conference of United States, see provision of title IV of Pub. L. 104–52, set out as a note preceding section 591 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–409, §2, Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1241, provided that: "It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that the public is entitled to the fullest practicable information regarding the decisionmaking processes of the Federal Government. It is the purpose of this Act [see Short Title note set out above] to provide the public with such information while protecting the rights of individuals and the ability of the Government to carry out its responsibilities."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, except to the extent that there is involved—

(1) a military or foreign affairs function of the United States; or

(2) a matter relating to agency management or personnel or to public property, loans, grants, benefits, or contracts.

(b) General notice of proposed rule making shall be published in the Federal Register, unless persons subject thereto are named and either personally served or otherwise have actual notice thereof in accordance with law. The notice shall include—

(1) a statement of the time, place, and nature of public rule making proceedings;

(2) reference to the legal authority under which the rule is proposed;

(3) either the terms or substance of the proposed rule or a description of the subjects and issues involved; and

(4) the Internet address of a summary of not more than 100 words in length of the proposed rule, in plain language, that shall be posted on the Internet website under section 206(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002 (44 U.S.C. 3501 note) (commonly known as regulations.gov).

Except when notice or hearing is required by statute, this subsection does not apply—

(A) to interpretative rules, general statements of policy, or rules of agency organization, procedure, or practice; or

(B) when the agency for good cause finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons therefor in the rules issued) that notice and public procedure thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest.

(c) After notice required by this section, the agency shall give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making through submission of written data, views, or arguments with or without opportunity for oral presentation. After consideration of the relevant matter presented, the agency shall incorporate in the rules adopted a concise general statement of their basis and purpose. When rules are required by statute to be made on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing, sections 556 and 557 of this title apply instead of this subsection.

(d) The required publication or service of a substantive rule shall be made not less than 30 days before its effective date, except—

(1) a substantive rule which grants or recognizes an exemption or relieves a restriction;

(2) interpretative rules and statements of policy; or

(3) as otherwise provided by the agency for good cause found and published with the rule.

(e) Each agency shall give an interested person the right to petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 118–9, §2, July 25, 2023, 137 Stat. 55.)

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5 U.S.C. 1003. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §4, 60 Stat. 238. |


In subsection (a)(1), the words "or naval" are omitted as included in "military".

In subsection (b), the word "when" is substituted for "in any situation in which".

In subsection (c), the words "for oral presentation" are substituted for "to present the same orally in any manner". The words "sections 556 and 557 of this title apply instead of this subsection" are substituted for "the requirements of sections 1006 and 1007 of this title shall apply in place of the provisions of this subsection".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 206(d) of the E-Government Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is section 206(d) of Pub. L. 107–347, which is set out in a note under section 3501 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Section 553 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2245 of Title 7, Agriculture.

**2023**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 118–9 added par. (4).

Ex. Ord. No. 12044, Mar. 23, 1978, 43 F.R. 12661, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12221, June 27, 1980, 45 F.R. 44249, which related to the improvement of Federal regulations, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12291, Feb. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 13193, formerly set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, in every case of adjudication required by statute to be determined on the record after opportunity for an agency hearing, except to the extent that there is involved—

(1) a matter subject to a subsequent trial of the law and the facts de novo in a court;

(2) the selection or tenure of an employee, except a 1 administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title;

(3) proceedings in which decisions rest solely on inspections, tests, or elections;

(4) the conduct of military or foreign affairs functions;

(5) cases in which an agency is acting as an agent for a court; or

(6) the certification of worker representatives.

(b) Persons entitled to notice of an agency hearing shall be timely informed of—

(1) the time, place, and nature of the hearing;

(2) the legal authority and jurisdiction under which the hearing is to be held; and

(3) the matters of fact and law asserted.

When private persons are the moving parties, other parties to the proceeding shall give prompt notice of issues controverted in fact or law; and in other instances agencies may by rule require responsive pleading. In fixing the time and place for hearings, due regard shall be had for the convenience and necessity of the parties or their representatives.

(c) The agency shall give all interested parties opportunity for—

(1) the submission and consideration of facts, arguments, offers of settlement, or proposals of adjustment when time, the nature of the proceeding, and the public interest permit; and

(2) to the extent that the parties are unable so to determine a controversy by consent, hearing and decision on notice and in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of this title.

(d) The employee who presides at the reception of evidence pursuant to section 556 of this title shall make the recommended decision or initial decision required by section 557 of this title, unless he becomes unavailable to the agency. Except to the extent required for the disposition of ex parte matters as authorized by law, such an employee may not—

(1) consult a person or party on a fact in issue, unless on notice and opportunity for all parties to participate; or

(2) be responsible to or subject to the supervision or direction of an employee or agent engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecuting functions for an agency.

An employee or agent engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecuting functions for an agency in a case may not, in that or a factually related case, participate or advise in the decision, recommended decision, or agency review pursuant to section 557 of this title, except as witness or counsel in public proceedings. This subsection does not apply—

(A) in determining applications for initial licenses;

(B) to proceedings involving the validity or application of rates, facilities, or practices of public utilities or carriers; or

(C) to the agency or a member or members of the body comprising the agency.

(e) The agency, with like effect as in the case of other orders, and in its sound discretion, may issue a declaratory order to terminate a controversy or remove uncertainty.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183.)

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5 U.S.C. 1004. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §5, 60 Stat. 239. |


In subsection (a)(2), the word "employee" is substituted for "officer or employee of the United States" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

In subsection (a)(4), the word "naval" is omitted as included in "military".

In subsection (a)(5), the word "or" is substituted for "and" since the exception is applicable if any one of the factors are involved.

In subsection (a)(6), the word "worker" is substituted for "employee", since the latter is defined in section 2105 as meaning Federal employees.

In subsection (b), the word "When" is substituted for "In instances in which".

In subsection (c)(2), the comma after the word "hearing" is omitted to correct an editorial error.

In subsection (d), the words "The employee" and "such an employee" are substituted in the first two sentences for "The same officers" and "such officers" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The word "officer" is omitted in the third and fourth sentences as included in "employee" as defined in section 2105. The prohibition in the third and fourth sentences is restated in positive form. In paragraph (C) of the last sentence, the words "in any manner" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 554 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2246 of Title 7, Agriculture.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "administrative law judge" for "hearing examiner".

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, except as otherwise provided by this subchapter.

(b) A person compelled to appear in person before an agency or representative thereof is entitled to be accompanied, represented, and advised by counsel or, if permitted by the agency, by other qualified representative. A party is entitled to appear in person or by or with counsel or other duly qualified representative in an agency proceeding. So far as the orderly conduct of public business permits, an interested person may appear before an agency or its responsible employees for the presentation, adjustment, or determination of an issue, request, or controversy in a proceeding, whether interlocutory, summary, or otherwise, or in connection with an agency function. With due regard for the convenience and necessity of the parties or their representatives and within a reasonable time, each agency shall proceed to conclude a matter presented to it. This subsection does not grant or deny a person who is not a lawyer the right to appear for or represent others before an agency or in an agency proceeding.

(c) Process, requirement of a report, inspection, or other investigative act or demand may not be issued, made, or enforced except as authorized by law. A person compelled to submit data or evidence is entitled to retain or, on payment of lawfully prescribed costs, procure a copy or transcript thereof, except that in a nonpublic investigatory proceeding the witness may for good cause be limited to inspection of the official transcript of his testimony.

(d) Agency subpenas authorized by law shall be issued to a party on request and, when required by rules of procedure, on a statement or showing of general relevance and reasonable scope of the evidence sought. On contest, the court shall sustain the subpena or similar process or demand to the extent that it is found to be in accordance with law. In a proceeding for enforcement, the court shall issue an order requiring the appearance of the witness or the production of the evidence or data within a reasonable time under penalty of punishment for contempt in case of contumacious failure to comply.

(e) Prompt notice shall be given of the denial in whole or in part of a written application, petition, or other request of an interested person made in connection with any agency proceeding. Except in affirming a prior denial or when the denial is self-explanatory, the notice shall be accompanied by a brief statement of the grounds for denial.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 385.)

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5 U.S.C. 1005. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §6, 60 Stat. 240. |


In subsection (b), the words "is entitled" are substituted for "shall be accorded the right". The word "officers" is omitted as included in "employees" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The words "With due regard for the convenience and necessity of the parties or their representatives and within a reasonable time" are substituted for "with reasonable dispatch" and "except that due regard shall be had for the convenience and necessity of the parties or their representatives". The prohibition in the last sentence is restated in positive form and the words "This subsection does not" are substituted for "Nothing herein shall be construed either to".

In subsection (c), the words "in any manner or for any purpose" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (e), the word "brief" is substituted for "simple". The words "of the grounds for denial" are substituted for "of procedural or other grounds" for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 555 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2247 of Title 7, Agriculture.

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, to hearings required by section 553 or 554 of this title to be conducted in accordance with this section.

(b) There shall preside at the taking of evidence—

(1) the agency;

(2) one or more members of the body which comprises the agency; or

(3) one or more administrative law judges appointed under section 3105 of this title.

This subchapter does not supersede the conduct of specified classes of proceedings, in whole or in part, by or before boards or other employees specially provided for by or designated under statute. The functions of presiding employees and of employees participating in decisions in accordance with section 557 of this title shall be conducted in an impartial manner. A presiding or participating employee may at any time disqualify himself. On the filing in good faith of a timely and sufficient affidavit of personal bias or other disqualification of a presiding or participating employee, the agency shall determine the matter as a part of the record and decision in the case.

(c) Subject to published rules of the agency and within its powers, employees presiding at hearings may—

(1) administer oaths and affirmations;

(2) issue subpenas authorized by law;

(3) rule on offers of proof and receive relevant evidence;

(4) take depositions or have depositions taken when the ends of justice would be served;

(5) regulate the course of the hearing;

(6) hold conferences for the settlement or simplification of the issues by consent of the parties or by the use of alternative means of dispute resolution as provided in subchapter IV of this chapter;

(7) inform the parties as to the availability of one or more alternative means of dispute resolution, and encourage use of such methods;

(8) require the attendance at any conference held pursuant to paragraph (6) of at least one representative of each party who has authority to negotiate concerning resolution of issues in controversy;

(9) dispose of procedural requests or similar matters;

(10) make or recommend decisions in accordance with section 557 of this title; and

(11) take other action authorized by agency rule consistent with this subchapter.

(d) Except as otherwise provided by statute, the proponent of a rule or order has the burden of proof. Any oral or documentary evidence may be received, but the agency as a matter of policy shall provide for the exclusion of irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious evidence. A sanction may not be imposed or rule or order issued except on consideration of the whole record or those parts thereof cited by a party and supported by and in accordance with the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence. The agency may, to the extent consistent with the interests of justice and the policy of the underlying statutes administered by the agency, consider a violation of section 557(d) of this title sufficient grounds for a decision adverse to a party who has knowingly committed such violation or knowingly caused such violation to occur. A party is entitled to present his case or defense by oral or documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal evidence, and to conduct such cross-examination as may be required for a full and true disclosure of the facts. In rule making or determining claims for money or benefits or applications for initial licenses an agency may, when a party will not be prejudiced thereby, adopt procedures for the submission of all or part of the evidence in written form.

(e) The transcript of testimony and exhibits, together with all papers and requests filed in the proceeding, constitutes the exclusive record for decision in accordance with section 557 of this title and, on payment of lawfully prescribed costs, shall be made available to the parties. When an agency decision rests on official notice of a material fact not appearing in the evidence in the record, a party is entitled, on timely request, to an opportunity to show the contrary.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 386; Pub. L. 94–409, §4(c), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1247; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 101–552, §4(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2737.)

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5 U.S.C. 1006. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §7, 60 Stat. 241. |


In subsection (b), the words "hearing examiners" are substituted for "examiners" in paragraph (3) for clarity. The prohibition in the second sentence is restated in positive form and the words "This subchapter does not" are substituted for "but nothing in this chapter shall be deemed to". The words "employee" and "employees" are substituted for "officer" and "officers" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The sentence "A presiding or participating employee may at any time disqualify himself." is substituted for the words "Any such officer may at any time withdraw if he deems himself disqualified."

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 101–552, §4(a)(1), inserted before semicolon at end "or by the use of alternative means of dispute resolution as provided in subchapter IV of this chapter".

Subsec. (c)(7) to (11). Pub. L. 101–552, §4(a)(2), added pars. (7) and (8) and redesignated former pars. (7) to (9) as (9) to (11), respectively.

**1978**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners".

**1976**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–409 inserted provisions relating to consideration by agency of a violation under section 557(d) of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–409 effective 180 days after Sept. 13, 1976, see section 6 of Pub. L. 94–409, set out as an Effective Date note under section 552b of this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of Agriculture not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of Commerce not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Commerce by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Interior not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of the Interior by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of Justice not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Attorney General by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3173, 64 Stat. 1261, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of Labor not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Labor by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by this subchapter in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Treasury not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of the Treasury by 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 26, §1, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to this title.

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, when a hearing is required to be conducted in accordance with section 556 of this title.

(b) When the agency did not preside at the reception of the evidence, the presiding employee or, in cases not subject to section 554(d) of this title, an employee qualified to preside at hearings pursuant to section 556 of this title, shall initially decide the case unless the agency requires, either in specific cases or by general rule, the entire record to be certified to it for decision. When the presiding employee makes an initial decision, that decision then becomes the decision of the agency without further proceedings unless there is an appeal to, or review on motion of, the agency within time provided by rule. On appeal from or review of the initial decision, the agency has all the powers which it would have in making the initial decision except as it may limit the issues on notice or by rule. When the agency makes the decision without having presided at the reception of the evidence, the presiding employee or an employee qualified to preside at hearings pursuant to section 556 of this title shall first recommend a decision, except that in rule making or determining applications for initial licenses—

(1) instead thereof the agency may issue a tentative decision or one of its responsible employees may recommend a decision; or

(2) this procedure may be omitted in a case in which the agency finds on the record that due and timely execution of its functions imperatively and unavoidably so requires.

(c) Before a recommended, initial, or tentative decision, or a decision on agency review of the decision of subordinate employees, the parties are entitled to a reasonable opportunity to submit for the consideration of the employees participating in the decisions—

(1) proposed findings and conclusions; or

(2) exceptions to the decisions or recommended decisions of subordinate employees or to tentative agency decisions; and

(3) supporting reasons for the exceptions or proposed findings or conclusions.

The record shall show the ruling on each finding, conclusion, or exception presented. All decisions, including initial, recommended, and tentative decisions, are a part of the record and shall include a statement of—

(A) findings and conclusions, and the reasons or basis therefor, on all the material issues of fact, law, or discretion presented on the record; and

(B) the appropriate rule, order, sanction, relief, or denial thereof.

(d)(1) In any agency proceeding which is subject to subsection (a) of this section, except to the extent required for the disposition of ex parte matters as authorized by law—

(A) no interested person outside the agency shall make or knowingly cause to be made to any member of the body comprising the agency, administrative law judge, or other employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be involved in the decisional process of the proceeding, an ex parte communication relevant to the merits of the proceeding;

(B) no member of the body comprising the agency, administrative law judge, or other employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be involved in the decisional process of the proceeding, shall make or knowingly cause to be made to any interested person outside the agency an ex parte communication relevant to the merits of the proceeding;

(C) a member of the body comprising the agency, administrative law judge, or other employee who is or may reasonably be expected to be involved in the decisional process of such proceeding who receives, or who makes or knowingly causes to be made, a communication prohibited by this subsection shall place on the public record of the proceeding:

(i) all such written communications;

(ii) memoranda stating the substance of all such oral communications; and

(iii) all written responses, and memoranda stating the substance of all oral responses, to the materials described in clauses (i) and (ii) of this subparagraph;

(D) upon receipt of a communication knowingly made or knowingly caused to be made by a party in violation of this subsection, the agency, administrative law judge, or other employee presiding at the hearing may, to the extent consistent with the interests of justice and the policy of the underlying statutes, require the party to show cause why his claim or interest in the proceeding should not be dismissed, denied, disregarded, or otherwise adversely affected on account of such violation; and

(E) the prohibitions of this subsection shall apply beginning at such time as the agency may designate, but in no case shall they begin to apply later than the time at which a proceeding is noticed for hearing unless the person responsible for the communication has knowledge that it will be noticed, in which case the prohibitions shall apply beginning at the time of his acquisition of such knowledge.

(2) This subsection does not constitute authority to withhold information from Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 387; Pub. L. 94–409, § 4(a), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1246.)

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5 U.S.C. 1007. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §8, 60 Stat. 242. |


In subsection (b), the word "employee" is substituted for "officer" and "officers" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The word "either" is added after the word "requires" in the first sentence to eliminate the need for parentheses. The words "the presiding employee or an employee qualified to preside at hearings under section 556 of this title" are substituted for "such officers" in the last sentence. The word "initial" is omitted before "decision", the final word in the first sentence and the sixth word of the fourth sentence, to avoid confusion between the "initial decision" of the presiding employee and the "initial decision" of the agency.

In subsection (c), the word "employees" is substituted for "officers" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 557 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2207 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Section 557a of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2208 of Title 7.

**1976**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–409 added subsec. (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–409 effective 180 days after Sept. 13, 1976, see section 6 of Pub. L. 94–409, set out as an Effective Date note under section 552b of this title.

(a) This section applies, according to the provisions thereof, to the exercise of a power or authority.

(b) A sanction may not be imposed or a substantive rule or order issued except within jurisdiction delegated to the agency and as authorized by law.

(c) When application is made for a license required by law, the agency, with due regard for the rights and privileges of all the interested parties or adversely affected persons and within a reasonable time, shall set and complete proceedings required to be conducted in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of this title or other proceedings required by law and shall make its decision. Except in cases of willfulness or those in which public health, interest, or safety requires otherwise, the withdrawal, suspension, revocation, or annulment of a license is lawful only if, before the institution of agency proceedings therefor, the licensee has been given—

(1) notice by the agency in writing of the facts or conduct which may warrant the action; and

(2) opportunity to demonstrate or achieve compliance with all lawful requirements.

When the licensee has made timely and sufficient application for a renewal or a new license in accordance with agency rules, a license with reference to an activity of a continuing nature does not expire until the application has been finally determined by the agency.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 388.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1008. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §9, 60 Stat. 242. |


In subsection (b), the prohibition is restated in positive form.

In subsection (c), the words "within a reasonable time" are substituted for "with reasonable dispatch". The last two sentences are restated for conciseness and clarity and to restate the prohibition in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 558 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2209 of Title 7, Agriculture.

This subchapter, chapter 7, and sections 1305, 3105, 3344, 4301(2)(E), 5372, and 7521 of this title, and the provisions of section 5335(a)(B) of this title that relate to administrative law judges, do not limit or repeal additional requirements imposed by statute or otherwise recognized by law. Except as otherwise required by law, requirements or privileges relating to evidence or procedure apply equally to agencies and persons. Each agency is granted the authority necessary to comply with the requirements of this subchapter through the issuance of rules or otherwise. Subsequent statute may not be held to supersede or modify this subchapter, chapter 7, sections 1305, 3105, 3344, 4301(2)(E), 5372, or 7521 of this title, or the provisions of section 5335(a)(B) of this title that relate to administrative law judges, except to the extent that it does so expressly.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 388; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(1), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(B)(iii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1011. | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §12, 60 Stat. 244. |


In the first and last sentences, the words "This subchapter, chapter 7, and sections 1305, 3105, 3344, 4301(2)(E), 5362, and 7521, and the provisions of section 5335(a)(B) of this title that relate to hearing examiners" are substituted for "this Act" to reflect the codification of the Act in this title. The words "to diminish the constitutional rights of any person or" are omitted as surplusage as there is nothing in the Act that can reasonably be construed to diminish those rights and because a statute may not operate in derogation of the Constitution.

The third sentence of former section 1011 is omitted as covered by technical section 7. The sixth sentence of former section 1011 is omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "5372" for "5362" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners" wherever appearing.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 inserted "of this title" after "7521" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

A prior subchapter III (§571 et seq.) was redesignated subchapter V (§591 et seq.) of this chapter.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(1), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, redesignated subchapter IV of this chapter relating to negotiated rulemaking procedure as this subchapter.

The purpose of this subchapter is to establish a framework for the conduct of negotiated rulemaking, consistent with section 553 of this title, to encourage agencies to use the process when it enhances the informal rulemaking process. Nothing in this subchapter should be construed as an attempt to limit innovation and experimentation with the negotiated rulemaking process or with other innovative rulemaking procedures otherwise authorized by law.

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4970, §581; renumbered §561, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 581 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 101–648, §5, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4976, as amended by Pub. L. 102–354, §5(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 945, which provided that subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5 and the table of sections corresponding to such subchapter, were repealed, effective 6 years after Nov. 29, 1990, except for then pending proceedings, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–320, §11(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3873.

Pub. L. 102–354, §1, Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 565, 568, 569, 571, 577, 580, 581, and 593 of this title, section 10 of Title 9, Arbitration, and section 173 of Title 29, Labor, renumbering sections 571 to 576, 581 to 590, and 581 to 593 as 591 to 596, 561 to 570, and 571 to 583, respectively, of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 571 of this title] may be cited as the 'Administrative Procedure Technical Amendments Act of 1991'."

Pub. L. 101–648, §1, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4969, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990'."

Pub. L. 101–648, §2, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4969, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(4), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305, provided that: "The Congress makes the following findings:

"(1) Government regulation has increased substantially since the enactment of the Administrative Procedure Act [see Short Title note set out preceding section 551 of this title].

"(2) Agencies currently use rulemaking procedures that may discourage the affected parties from meeting and communicating with each other, and may cause parties with different interests to assume conflicting and antagonistic positions and to engage in expensive and time-consuming litigation over agency rules.

"(3) Adversarial rulemaking deprives the affected parties and the public of the benefits of face-to-face negotiations and cooperation in developing and reaching agreement on a rule. It also deprives them of the benefits of shared information, knowledge, expertise, and technical abilities possessed by the affected parties.

"(4) Negotiated rulemaking, in which the parties who will be significantly affected by a rule participate in the development of the rule, can provide significant advantages over adversarial rulemaking.

"(5) Negotiated rulemaking can increase the acceptability and improve the substance of rules, making it less likely that the affected parties will resist enforcement or challenge such rules in court. It may also shorten the amount of time needed to issue final rules.

"(6) Agencies have the authority to establish negotiated rulemaking committees under the laws establishing such agencies and their activities and under chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code. Several agencies have successfully used negotiated rulemaking. The process has not been widely used by other agencies, however, in part because such agencies are unfamiliar with the process or uncertain as to the authority for such rulemaking."

Pub. L. 101–648, §4, Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4976, as amended by Pub. L. 102–354, §5(a)(1), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 945, authorized additional appropriations to Administrative Conference of the United States to carry out Pub. L. 101–648 in fiscal years 1991, 1992, and 1993.

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term—

(1) "agency" has the same meaning as in section 551(1) of this title;

(2) "consensus" means unanimous concurrence among the interests represented on a negotiated rulemaking committee established under this subchapter, unless such committee—

(A) agrees to define such term to mean a general but not unanimous concurrence; or

(B) agrees upon another specified definition;

(3) "convener" means a person who impartially assists an agency in determining whether establishment of a negotiated rulemaking committee is feasible and appropriate in a particular rulemaking;

(4) "facilitator" means a person who impartially aids in the discussions and negotiations among the members of a negotiated rulemaking committee to develop a proposed rule;

(5) "interest" means, with respect to an issue or matter, multiple parties which have a similar point of view or which are likely to be affected in a similar manner;

(6) "negotiated rulemaking" means rulemaking through the use of a negotiated rulemaking committee;

(7) "negotiated rulemaking committee" or "committee" means an advisory committee established by an agency in accordance with this subchapter and chapter 10 of this title to consider and discuss issues for the purpose of reaching a consensus in the development of a proposed rule;

(8) "party" has the same meaning as in section 551(3) of this title;

(9) "person" has the same meaning as in section 551(2) of this title;

(10) "rule" has the same meaning as in section 551(4) of this title; and

(11) "rulemaking" means "rule making" as that term is defined in section 551(5) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4970, §582; renumbered §562, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(5), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305.)

**2022**—Par. (7). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 10 of this title" for "the Federal Advisory Committee Act".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 582 of this title as this section.

(a)

(1) there is a need for a rule;

(2) there are a limited number of identifiable interests that will be significantly affected by the rule;

(3) there is a reasonable likelihood that a committee can be convened with a balanced representation of persons who—

(A) can adequately represent the interests identified under paragraph (2); and

(B) are willing to negotiate in good faith to reach a consensus on the proposed rule;

(4) there is a reasonable likelihood that a committee will reach a consensus on the proposed rule within a fixed period of time;

(5) the negotiated rulemaking procedure will not unreasonably delay the notice of proposed rulemaking and the issuance of the final rule;

(6) the agency has adequate resources and is willing to commit such resources, including technical assistance, to the committee; and

(7) the agency, to the maximum extent possible consistent with the legal obligations of the agency, will use the consensus of the committee with respect to the proposed rule as the basis for the rule proposed by the agency for notice and comment.

(b)

(1)

(A) identifying persons who will be significantly affected by a proposed rule, including residents of rural areas; and

(B) conducting discussions with such persons to identify the issues of concern to such persons, and to ascertain whether the establishment of a negotiated rulemaking committee is feasible and appropriate in the particular rulemaking.

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4970, §583; renumbered §563, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 583 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 104–320, §11(e), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3874, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(6), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall—

"(1) within 180 days of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1996], take appropriate action to expedite the establishment of negotiated rulemaking committees and committees established to resolve disputes under the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act [Pub. L. 101–552, see Short Title note set out under section 571 of this title], including, with respect to negotiated rulemaking committees, eliminating any redundant administrative requirements related to filing a committee charter under section 1008 of title 5, United States Code, and providing public notice of such committee under section 564 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(2) within one year of the date of the enactment of this Act, submit recommendations to Congress for any necessary legislative changes."

(a)

(1) an announcement that the agency intends to establish a negotiated rulemaking committee to negotiate and develop a proposed rule;

(2) a description of the subject and scope of the rule to be developed, and the issues to be considered;

(3) a list of the interests which are likely to be significantly affected by the rule;

(4) a list of the persons proposed to represent such interests and the person or persons proposed to represent the agency;

(5) a proposed agenda and schedule for completing the work of the committee, including a target date for publication by the agency of a proposed rule for notice and comment;

(6) a description of administrative support for the committee to be provided by the agency, including technical assistance;

(7) a solicitation for comments on the proposal to establish the committee, and the proposed membership of the negotiated rulemaking committee; and

(8) an explanation of how a person may apply or nominate another person for membership on the committee, as provided under subsection (b).

(b) 1

(1) the name of the applicant or nominee and a description of the interests such person shall represent;

(2) evidence that the applicant or nominee is authorized to represent parties related to the interests the person proposes to represent;

(3) a written commitment that the applicant or nominee shall actively participate in good faith in the development of the rule under consideration; and

(4) the reasons that the persons specified in the notice under subsection (a)(4) do not adequately represent the interests of the person submitting the application or nomination.

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4971, §584; renumbered §564, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 584 of this title as this section.

1 So in original. Probably should be "on".

(a)

(1)

(2) 1 rulemaking committee to represent such interests with respect to the proposed rule.

(b)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4972, §585; renumbered §565 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), (3), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(7), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305.)

**2022**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 10 of this title" for "the Federal Advisory Committee Act".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), renumbered section 585 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(3), substituted "section 564" for "section 584".

1 So in original. Probably should be "negotiated".

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1) chair the meetings of the committee in an impartial manner;

(2) impartially assist the members of the committee in conducting discussions and negotiations; and

(3) manage the keeping of minutes and records as required under section 1009(b) and (c) of this title, except that any personal notes and materials of the facilitator or of the members of a committee shall not be subject to section 552 of this title.

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4973, §586; renumbered §566, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(8), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305.)

**2022**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(8)(A), substituted "section 1009(e) of this title," for "section 10(e) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act,".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(8)(B), substituted "section 1009(b) and (c) of this title," for "section 10(b) and (c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act,".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(8)(C), substituted "section 1009(b) and (c) of this title." for "section 10(b) and (c) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 586 of this title as this section.

A negotiated rulemaking committee shall terminate upon promulgation of the final rule under consideration, unless the committee's charter contains an earlier termination date or the agency, after consulting the committee, or the committee itself specifies an earlier termination date.

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4974, §587; renumbered §567, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 587 of this title as this section.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(c)

(1) such member certifies a lack of adequate financial resources to participate in the committee; and

(2) the agency determines that such member's participation in the committee is necessary to assure an adequate representation of the member's interest.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4974, §588; renumbered §568 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), (4), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(9), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4306.)

**2022**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "section 1006(d) of this title," for "section 7(d) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act," in introductory provisions.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), renumbered section 588 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(4), substituted "section 569" for "section 589".

(a) The President shall designate an agency or designate or establish an interagency committee to facilitate and encourage agency use of negotiated rulemaking. An agency that is considering, planning, or conducting a negotiated rulemaking may consult with such agency or committee for information and assistance.

(b) To carry out the purposes of this subchapter, an agency planning or conducting a negotiated rulemaking may accept, hold, administer, and utilize gifts, devises, and bequests of property, both real and personal if that agency's acceptance and use of such gifts, devises, or bequests do not create a conflict of interest. Gifts and bequests of money and proceeds from sales of other property received as gifts, devises, or bequests shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be disbursed upon the order of the head of such agency. Property accepted pursuant to this section, and the proceeds thereof, shall be used as nearly as possible in accordance with the terms of the gifts, devises, or bequests.

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4975, §589; renumbered §569 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), (5), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 104–320, §11(b)(1), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3873.)

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–320 in section catchline substituted "Encouraging negotiated rulemaking" for "Role of the Administrative Conference of the United States and other entities", and in text added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (g) which related to: in subsec. (a), consultation by agencies; in subsec. (b), roster of potential conveners and facilitators; in subsec. (c), procedures to obtain conveners and facilitators; in subsec. (d), compilation of data on negotiated rulemaking and report to Congress; in subsec. (e), training in negotiated rulemaking; in subsec. (f), payment of expenses of agencies; and in subsec. (g), use of funds of the conference.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), renumbered section 589 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(5)(A), substituted "section 566" for "section 586".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(5)(B), substituted "section 568(c)" for "section 588(c)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(5)(C), substituted "section 595(c)(12)" for "section 575(c)(12)".

Any agency action relating to establishing, assisting, or terminating a negotiated rulemaking committee under this subchapter shall not be subject to judicial review. Nothing in this section shall bar judicial review of a rule if such judicial review is otherwise provided by law. A rule which is the product of negotiated rulemaking and is subject to judicial review shall not be accorded any greater deference by a court than a rule which is the product of other rulemaking procedures.

(Added Pub. L. 101–648, §3(a), Nov. 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 4976, §590; renumbered §570, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(a)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 590 of this title as this section.

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–320, §11(d)(1), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3873.)

Another subchapter IV (§581 et seq.) relating to negotiated rulemaking procedure was redesignated subchapter III (§561 et seq.) of this chapter.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(1), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, transferred this subchapter so as to appear immediately after subchapter III of this chapter.

For the purposes of this subchapter, the term—

(1) "agency" has the same meaning as in section 551(1) of this title;

(2) "administrative program" includes a Federal function which involves protection of the public interest and the determination of rights, privileges, and obligations of private persons through rule making, adjudication, licensing, or investigation, as those terms are used in subchapter II of this chapter;

(3) "alternative means of dispute resolution" means any procedure that is used to resolve issues in controversy, including, but not limited to, conciliation, facilitation, mediation, factfinding, minitrials, arbitration, and use of ombuds, or any combination thereof;

(4) "award" means any decision by an arbitrator resolving the issues in controversy;

(5) "dispute resolution communication" means any oral or written communication prepared for the purposes of a dispute resolution proceeding, including any memoranda, notes or work product of the neutral, parties or nonparty participant; except that a written agreement to enter into a dispute resolution proceeding, or final written agreement or arbitral award reached as a result of a dispute resolution proceeding, is not a dispute resolution communication;

(6) "dispute resolution proceeding" means any process in which an alternative means of dispute resolution is used to resolve an issue in controversy in which a neutral is appointed and specified parties participate;

(7) "in confidence" means, with respect to information, that the information is provided—

(A) with the expressed intent of the source that it not be disclosed; or

(B) under circumstances that would create the reasonable expectation on behalf of the source that the information will not be disclosed;

(8) "issue in controversy" means an issue which is material to a decision concerning an administrative program of an agency, and with which there is disagreement—

(A) between an agency and persons who would be substantially affected by the decision; or

(B) between persons who would be substantially affected by the decision;

(9) "neutral" means an individual who, with respect to an issue in controversy, functions specifically to aid the parties in resolving the controversy;

(10) "party" means—

(A) for a proceeding with named parties, the same as in section 551(3) of this title; and

(B) for a proceeding without named parties, a person who will be significantly affected by the decision in the proceeding and who participates in the proceeding;

(11) "person" has the same meaning as in section 551(2) of this title; and

(12) "roster" means a list of persons qualified to provide services as neutrals.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2738, §581; renumbered §571 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §§3(b)(2), 5(b)(1), (2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, 946; Pub. L. 104–320, §2, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3870.)

Section 571 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2256 of Title 7, Agriculture.

A prior section 571 was renumbered section 591 of this title.

**1996**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–320, §2(1), struck out ", in lieu of an adjudication as defined in section 551(7) of this title," after "any procedure that is used", struck out "settlement negotiations," after "but not limited to," and substituted "arbitration, and use of ombuds" for "and arbitration".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 104–320, §2(2), substituted "decision;" for "decision," at end of subpar. (B), and struck out closing provisions which read as follows: "except that such term shall not include any matter specified under section 2302 or 7121(c) of this title;".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), renumbered section 581 of this title as this section.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–354, §5(b)(1), inserted comma after "including".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 102–354, §5(b)(2), amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: " 'issue in controversy' means an issue which is material to a decision concerning an administrative program of an agency, and with which there is disagreement between the agency and persons who would be substantially affected by the decision but shall not extend to matters specified under the provisions of sections 2302 and 7121(c) of title 5;".

Pub. L. 101–552, §11, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2747, as amended by Pub. L. 104–106, div. D, title XLIII, §4321(i)(5), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 676, which provided that the authority of agencies to use dispute resolution proceedings under this Act [see Short Title note below] was to terminate on Oct. 1, 1995, except with respect to pending proceedings, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–320, §9, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3872.

Pub. L. 104–320, §1, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3870, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 570a and 584 of this title, amending this section, sections 569, 573 to 575, 580, 581, and 583 of this title, section 2304 of Title 10, Armed Forces, section 1491 of Title 28, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, section 173 of Title 29, Labor, section 3556 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 253 and 605 of Title 41, Public Contracts, repealing section 582 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 563 of this title, section 1491 of Title 28, and section 3556 of Title 31, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 561 of this title] may be cited as the 'Administrative Dispute Resolution Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 101–552, §1, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2736, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter, amending section 556 of this title, section 10 of Title 9, Arbitration, section 2672 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, section 173 of Title 29, Labor, section 3711 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 605 and 607 of Title 41, Public Contracts, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Administrative Dispute Resolution Act'."

Pub. L. 101–552, §2, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2736, provided that: "The Congress finds that—

"(1) administrative procedure, as embodied in chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, and other statutes, is intended to offer a prompt, expert, and inexpensive means of resolving disputes as an alternative to litigation in the Federal courts;

"(2) administrative proceedings have become increasingly formal, costly, and lengthy resulting in unnecessary expenditures of time and in a decreased likelihood of achieving consensual resolution of disputes;

"(3) alternative means of dispute resolution have been used in the private sector for many years and, in appropriate circumstances, have yielded decisions that are faster, less expensive, and less contentious;

"(4) such alternative means can lead to more creative, efficient, and sensible outcomes;

"(5) such alternative means may be used advantageously in a wide variety of administrative programs;

"(6) explicit authorization of the use of well-tested dispute resolution techniques will eliminate ambiguity of agency authority under existing law;

"(7) Federal agencies may not only receive the benefit of techniques that were developed in the private sector, but may also take the lead in the further development and refinement of such techniques; and

"(8) the availability of a wide range of dispute resolution procedures, and an increased understanding of the most effective use of such procedures, will enhance the operation of the Government and better serve the public."

Pub. L. 101–552, §3, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2736, as amended by Pub. L. 104–320, §4(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) consult with the agency designated by, or the interagency committee designated or established by, the President under section 573 of title 5, United States Code, to facilitate and encourage agency use of alternative dispute resolution under subchapter IV of chapter 5 of such title; and

"(2) examine alternative means of resolving disputes in connection with—

"(A) formal and informal adjudications;

"(B) rulemakings;

"(C) enforcement actions;

"(D) issuing and revoking licenses or permits;

"(E) contract administration;

"(F) litigation brought by or against the agency; and

"(G) other agency actions.

"(b)

"(1) the provisions of this Act [see Short Title note above] and the amendments made by this Act; and

"(2) the agency policy developed under subsection (a).

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) Each agency shall review each of its standard agreements for contracts, grants, and other assistance and shall determine whether to amend any such standard agreements to authorize and encourage the use of alternative means of dispute resolution.

"(2)(A) Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 1990], the Federal Acquisition Regulation shall be amended, as necessary, to carry out this Act [see Short Title note above] and the amendments made by this Act.

"(B) For purposes of this section, the term 'Federal Acquisition Regulation' means the single system of Government-wide procurement regulation referred to in section 6(a) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act ([former] 41 U.S.C. 405(a)) [now 41 U.S.C. 1121(a) to (c)(1)]."

Pub. L. 101–552, §9, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2747, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the extent to which individuals are represented or assisted by attorneys or by persons who are not attorneys; and

"(2) whether the subject areas of the applicable proceedings or the procedures are so complex or specialized that only attorneys may adequately provide such representation or assistance.

"(b)

"(1) such claim or dispute concerns an administrative program identified under subsection (a);

"(2) such agency determines that the proceeding or procedure does not necessitate representation or assistance by an attorney under subsection (a)(2); and

"(3) such person meets any requirement of the agency to provide representation or assistance in such a claim or dispute.

"(c)

"(1) ensure that any rules pertaining to disqualification of attorneys from practicing before the agency shall also apply, as appropriate, to other persons who provide representation or assistance; and

"(2) establish effective agency procedures for enforcing such rules of practice and for receiving complaints from affected persons."

Pub. L. 101–552, §10, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2747, as amended by Pub. L. 102–354, §5(b)(6), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 946, provided that: "As used in this Act [see Short Title note above], the terms 'agency', 'administrative program', and 'alternative means of dispute resolution' have the meanings given such terms in section 571 of title 5, United States Code (enacted as section 581 of title 5, United States Code, by section 4(b) of this Act, and redesignated as section 571 of such title by section 3(b) of the Administrative Procedure Technical Amendments Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–354])."

(a) An agency may use a dispute resolution proceeding for the resolution of an issue in controversy that relates to an administrative program, if the parties agree to such proceeding.

(b) An agency shall consider not using a dispute resolution proceeding if—

(1) a definitive or authoritative resolution of the matter is required for precedential value, and such a proceeding is not likely to be accepted generally as an authoritative precedent;

(2) the matter involves or may bear upon significant questions of Government policy that require additional procedures before a final resolution may be made, and such a proceeding would not likely serve to develop a recommended policy for the agency;

(3) maintaining established policies is of special importance, so that variations among individual decisions are not increased and such a proceeding would not likely reach consistent results among individual decisions;

(4) the matter significantly affects persons or organizations who are not parties to the proceeding;

(5) a full public record of the proceeding is important, and a dispute resolution proceeding cannot provide such a record; and

(6) the agency must maintain continuing jurisdiction over the matter with authority to alter the disposition of the matter in the light of changed circumstances, and a dispute resolution proceeding would interfere with the agency's fulfilling that requirement.

(c) Alternative means of dispute resolution authorized under this subchapter are voluntary procedures which supplement rather than limit other available agency dispute resolution techniques.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2739, §582; renumbered §572, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

Section 572 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2257 of Title 7, Agriculture.

A prior section 572 was renumbered section 592 of this title.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 582 of this title as this section.

(a) A neutral may be a permanent or temporary officer or employee of the Federal Government or any other individual who is acceptable to the parties to a dispute resolution proceeding. A neutral shall have no official, financial, or personal conflict of interest with respect to the issues in controversy, unless such interest is fully disclosed in writing to all parties and all parties agree that the neutral may serve.

(b) A neutral who serves as a conciliator, facilitator, or mediator serves at the will of the parties.

(c) The President shall designate an agency or designate or establish an interagency committee to facilitate and encourage agency use of dispute resolution under this subchapter. Such agency or interagency committee, in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies and professional organizations experienced in matters concerning dispute resolution, shall—

(1) encourage and facilitate agency use of alternative means of dispute resolution; and

(2) develop procedures that permit agencies to obtain the services of neutrals on an expedited basis.

(d) An agency may use the services of one or more employees of other agencies to serve as neutrals in dispute resolution proceedings. The agencies may enter into an interagency agreement that provides for the reimbursement by the user agency or the parties of the full or partial cost of the services of such an employee.

(e) Any agency may enter into a contract with any person for services as a neutral, or for training in connection with alternative means of dispute resolution. The parties in a dispute resolution proceeding shall agree on compensation for the neutral that is fair and reasonable to the Government.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2739, §583; renumbered §573, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 104–320, §7(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3872.)

Section 573 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2258 of Title 7, Agriculture.

A prior section 573 was renumbered section 593 of this title.

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–320, §7(b)(1), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to power of Administrative Conference of the United States to establish and utilize standards for neutrals and to enter into contracts for services of neutrals.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–320, §7(b)(2), struck out "on a roster established under subsection (c)(2) or a roster maintained by other public or private organizations, or individual" after "contract with any person".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 583 of this title as this section.

(a) Except as provided in subsections (d) and (e), a neutral in a dispute resolution proceeding shall not voluntarily disclose or through discovery or compulsory process be required to disclose any dispute resolution communication or any communication provided in confidence to the neutral, unless—

(1) all parties to the dispute resolution proceeding and the neutral consent in writing, and, if the dispute resolution communication was provided by a nonparty participant, that participant also consents in writing;

(2) the dispute resolution communication has already been made public;

(3) the dispute resolution communication is required by statute to be made public, but a neutral should make such communication public only if no other person is reasonably available to disclose the communication; or

(4) a court determines that such testimony or disclosure is necessary to—

(A) prevent a manifest injustice;

(B) help establish a violation of law; or

(C) prevent harm to the public health or safety,

of sufficient magnitude in the particular case to outweigh the integrity of dispute resolution proceedings in general by reducing the confidence of parties in future cases that their communications will remain confidential.

(b) A party to a dispute resolution proceeding shall not voluntarily disclose or through discovery or compulsory process be required to disclose any dispute resolution communication, unless—

(1) the communication was prepared by the party seeking disclosure;

(2) all parties to the dispute resolution proceeding consent in writing;

(3) the dispute resolution communication has already been made public;

(4) the dispute resolution communication is required by statute to be made public;

(5) a court determines that such testimony or disclosure is necessary to—

(A) prevent a manifest injustice;

(B) help establish a violation of law; or

(C) prevent harm to the public health and safety,

of sufficient magnitude in the particular case to outweigh the integrity of dispute resolution proceedings in general by reducing the confidence of parties in future cases that their communications will remain confidential;

(6) the dispute resolution communication is relevant to determining the existence or meaning of an agreement or award that resulted from the dispute resolution proceeding or to the enforcement of such an agreement or award; or

(7) except for dispute resolution communications generated by the neutral, the dispute resolution communication was provided to or was available to all parties to the dispute resolution proceeding.

(c) Any dispute resolution communication that is disclosed in violation of subsection (a) or (b), shall not be admissible in any proceeding relating to the issues in controversy with respect to which the communication was made.

(d)(1) The parties may agree to alternative confidential procedures for disclosures by a neutral. Upon such agreement the parties shall inform the neutral before the commencement of the dispute resolution proceeding of any modifications to the provisions of subsection (a) that will govern the confidentiality of the dispute resolution proceeding. If the parties do not so inform the neutral, subsection (a) shall apply.

(2) To qualify for the exemption established under subsection (j), an alternative confidential procedure under this subsection may not provide for less disclosure than the confidential procedures otherwise provided under this section.

(e) If a demand for disclosure, by way of discovery request or other legal process, is made upon a neutral regarding a dispute resolution communication, the neutral shall make reasonable efforts to notify the parties and any affected nonparty participants of the demand. Any party or affected nonparty participant who receives such notice and within 15 calendar days does not offer to defend a refusal of the neutral to disclose the requested information shall have waived any objection to such disclosure.

(f) Nothing in this section shall prevent the discovery or admissibility of any evidence that is otherwise discoverable, merely because the evidence was presented in the course of a dispute resolution proceeding.

(g) Subsections (a) and (b) shall have no effect on the information and data that are necessary to document an agreement reached or order issued pursuant to a dispute resolution proceeding.

(h) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not prevent the gathering of information for research or educational purposes, in cooperation with other agencies, governmental entities, or dispute resolution programs, so long as the parties and the specific issues in controversy are not identifiable.

(i) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not prevent use of a dispute resolution communication to resolve a dispute between the neutral in a dispute resolution proceeding and a party to or participant in such proceeding, so long as such dispute resolution communication is disclosed only to the extent necessary to resolve such dispute.

(j) A dispute resolution communication which is between a neutral and a party and which may not be disclosed under this section shall also be exempt from disclosure under section 552(b)(3).

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2740, §584; renumbered §574, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 104–320, §3, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3870.)

Section 574 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2255 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Section 574a of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2226 of Title 7.

A prior section 574 was renumbered section 594 of this title.

**1996**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104–320, §3(a), in introductory provisions struck out "any information concerning" after "be required to disclose".

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–320, §3(b), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "the dispute resolution communication was provided to or was available to all parties to the dispute resolution proceeding".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–320, §3(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–320, §3(d), amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: "This section shall not be considered a statute specifically exempting disclosure under section 552(b)(3) of this title."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 584 of this title as this section.

(a)(1) Arbitration may be used as an alternative means of dispute resolution whenever all parties consent. Consent may be obtained either before or after an issue in controversy has arisen. A party may agree to—

(A) submit only certain issues in controversy to arbitration; or

(B) arbitration on the condition that the award must be within a range of possible outcomes.

(2) The arbitration agreement that sets forth the subject matter submitted to the arbitrator shall be in writing. Each such arbitration agreement shall specify a maximum award that may be issued by the arbitrator and may specify other conditions limiting the range of possible outcomes.

(3) An agency may not require any person to consent to arbitration as a condition of entering into a contract or obtaining a benefit.

(b) An officer or employee of an agency shall not offer to use arbitration for the resolution of issues in controversy unless such officer or employee—

(1) would otherwise have authority to enter into a settlement concerning the matter; or

(2) is otherwise specifically authorized by the agency to consent to the use of arbitration.

(c) Prior to using binding arbitration under this subchapter, the head of an agency, in consultation with the Attorney General and after taking into account the factors in section 572(b), shall issue guidance on the appropriate use of binding arbitration and when an officer or employee of the agency has authority to settle an issue in controversy through binding arbitration.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2742, §585; renumbered §575, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 104–320, §8(c), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3872.)

Section 575 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2259 of Title 7, Agriculture.

A prior section 575 was renumbered section 595 of this title.

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(c)(1), (2), substituted "The" for "Any" and inserted at end "Each such arbitration agreement shall specify a maximum award that may be issued by the arbitrator and may specify other conditions limiting the range of possible outcomes."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(c)(3), in introductory provisions substituted "shall not offer to use arbitration for the resolution of issues in controversy unless" for "may offer to use arbitration for the resolution of issues in controversy, if", and in par. (1) substituted "would otherwise have authority" for "has authority".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(c)(4), added subsec. (c).

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 585 of this title as this section.

An agreement to arbitrate a matter to which this subchapter applies is enforceable pursuant to section 4 of title 9, and no action brought to enforce such an agreement shall be dismissed nor shall relief therein be denied on the grounds that it is against the United States or that the United States is an indispensable party.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2742, §586; renumbered §576, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

Section 576 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 2260 of Title 7, Agriculture, and subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10418(a)(3), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 507.

A prior section 576 was renumbered section 596 of this title.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 586 of this title as this section.

(a) The parties to an arbitration proceeding shall be entitled to participate in the selection of the arbitrator.

(b) The arbitrator shall be a neutral who meets the criteria of section 573 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2742, §587; renumbered §577 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), (3), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, 945.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), renumbered section 587 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(3), substituted "section 573" for "section 583".

An arbitrator to whom a dispute is referred under this subchapter may—

(1) regulate the course of and conduct arbitral hearings;

(2) administer oaths and affirmations;

(3) compel the attendance of witnesses and production of evidence at the hearing under the provisions of section 7 of title 9 only to the extent the agency involved is otherwise authorized by law to do so; and

(4) make awards.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2742, §588; renumbered §578, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 588 of this title as this section.

(a) The arbitrator shall set a time and place for the hearing on the dispute and shall notify the parties not less than 5 days before the hearing.

(b) Any party wishing a record of the hearing shall—

(1) be responsible for the preparation of such record;

(2) notify the other parties and the arbitrator of the preparation of such record;

(3) furnish copies to all identified parties and the arbitrator; and

(4) pay all costs for such record, unless the parties agree otherwise or the arbitrator determines that the costs should be apportioned.

(c)(1) The parties to the arbitration are entitled to be heard, to present evidence material to the controversy, and to cross-examine witnesses appearing at the hearing.

(2) The arbitrator may, with the consent of the parties, conduct all or part of the hearing by telephone, television, computer, or other electronic means, if each party has an opportunity to participate.

(3) The hearing shall be conducted expeditiously and in an informal manner.

(4) The arbitrator may receive any oral or documentary evidence, except that irrelevant, immaterial, unduly repetitious, or privileged evidence may be excluded by the arbitrator.

(5) The arbitrator shall interpret and apply relevant statutory and regulatory requirements, legal precedents, and policy directives.

(d) No interested person shall make or knowingly cause to be made to the arbitrator an unauthorized ex parte communication relevant to the merits of the proceeding, unless the parties agree otherwise. If a communication is made in violation of this subsection, the arbitrator shall ensure that a memorandum of the communication is prepared and made a part of the record, and that an opportunity for rebuttal is allowed. Upon receipt of a communication made in violation of this subsection, the arbitrator may, to the extent consistent with the interests of justice and the policies underlying this subchapter, require the offending party to show cause why the claim of such party should not be resolved against such party as a result of the improper conduct.

(e) The arbitrator shall make the award within 30 days after the close of the hearing, or the date of the filing of any briefs authorized by the arbitrator, whichever date is later, unless—

(1) the parties agree to some other time limit; or

(2) the agency provides by rule for some other time limit.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2742, §589; renumbered §579, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 589 of this title as this section.

(a)(1) Unless the agency provides otherwise by rule, the award in an arbitration proceeding under this subchapter shall include a brief, informal discussion of the factual and legal basis for the award, but formal findings of fact or conclusions of law shall not be required.

(2) The prevailing parties shall file the award with all relevant agencies, along with proof of service on all parties.

(b) The award in an arbitration proceeding shall become final 30 days after it is served on all parties. Any agency that is a party to the proceeding may extend this 30-day period for an additional 30-day period by serving a notice of such extension on all other parties before the end of the first 30-day period.

(c) A final award is binding on the parties to the arbitration proceeding, and may be enforced pursuant to sections 9 through 13 of title 9. No action brought to enforce such an award shall be dismissed nor shall relief therein be denied on the grounds that it is against the United States or that the United States is an indispensable party.

(d) An award entered under this subchapter in an arbitration proceeding may not serve as an estoppel in any other proceeding for any issue that was resolved in the proceeding. Such an award also may not be used as precedent or otherwise be considered in any factually unrelated proceeding, whether conducted under this subchapter, by an agency, or in a court, or in any other arbitration proceeding.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2743, §590; renumbered §580 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §§3(b)(2), 5(b)(3), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, 946; Pub. L. 104–320, §8(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3872.)

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(a), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The head of any agency that is a party to an arbitration proceeding conducted under this subchapter is authorized to terminate the arbitration proceeding or vacate any award issued pursuant to the proceeding before the award becomes final by serving on all other parties a written notice to that effect, in which case the award shall be null and void. Notice shall be provided to all parties to the arbitration proceeding of any request by a party, nonparty participant or other person that the agency head terminate the arbitration proceeding or vacate the award. An employee or agent engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecuting functions for an agency may not, in that or a factually related case, advise in a decision under this subsection to terminate an arbitration proceeding or to vacate an arbitral award, except as witness or counsel in public proceedings."

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 104–320, §8(a)(1), struck out subsecs. (f) and (g) which read as follows:

"(f) An arbitral award that is vacated under subsection (c) shall not be admissible in any proceeding relating to the issues in controversy with respect to which the award was made.

"(g) If an agency head vacates an award under subsection (c), a party to the arbitration (other than the United States) may within 30 days of such action petition the agency head for an award of fees and other expenses (as defined in section 504(b)(1)(A) of this title) incurred in connection with the arbitration proceeding. The agency head shall award the petitioning party those fees and expenses that would not have been incurred in the absence of such arbitration proceeding, unless the agency head or his or her designee finds that special circumstances make such an award unjust. The procedures for reviewing applications for awards shall, where appropriate, be consistent with those set forth in subsection (a)(2) and (3) of section 504 of this title. Such fees and expenses shall be paid from the funds of the agency that vacated the award."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), renumbered section 590 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–354, §5(b)(3), substituted "fees and other expenses" for "attorney fees and expenses".

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person adversely affected or aggrieved by an award made in an arbitration proceeding conducted under this subchapter may bring an action for review of such award only pursuant to the provisions of sections 9 through 13 of title 9.

(b) A decision by an agency to use or not to use a dispute resolution proceeding under this subchapter shall be committed to the discretion of the agency and shall not be subject to judicial review, except that arbitration shall be subject to judicial review under section 10(b) 2 of title 9.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2744, §591; renumbered §581 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), (4), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, 945; Pub. L. 104–320, §8(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3872.)

Section 10(b) of title 9, referred to in subsec. (b), was redesignated section 10(c) of title 9 by Pub. L. 107–169, §1(4), May 7, 2002, 116 Stat. 132.

A prior section 581 was renumbered section 571 of this title.

Another prior section 581 was renumbered section 561 of this title.

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–320, which directed that section 581(d) of this title be amended by striking "(1)" after "(b)" and by striking par. (2), was executed to subsec. (b) of this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "A decision by the head of an agency under section 580 to terminate an arbitration proceeding or vacate an arbitral award shall be committed to the discretion of the agency and shall not be subject to judicial review."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), renumbered section 591 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(4), substituted "section 580" for "section 590".

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

2 See References in Text note below.

Section, added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2744, §592; renumbered §582, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, related to compilation of data on use of alternative means of dispute resolution in conducting agency proceedings.

For the purposes of this subchapter, an agency may use (with or without reimbursement) the services and facilities of other Federal agencies, State, local, and tribal governments, public and private organizations and agencies, and individuals, with the consent of such agencies, organizations, and individuals. An agency may accept voluntary and uncompensated services for purposes of this subchapter without regard to the provisions of section 1342 of title 31.

(Added Pub. L. 101–552, §4(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2745, §593; renumbered §583, Pub. L. 102–354, §3(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 104–320, §5, Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3871.)

Prior sections 583 to 590 were renumbered sections 573 to 580 of this title, respectively.

Other prior sections 583 to 590 were renumbered sections 563 to 570 of this title, respectively.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–320 inserted "State, local, and tribal governments," after "other Federal agencies,".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 593 of this title as this section.

There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 104–320, §10(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3873.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §2(1), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944, redesignated subchapter III of this chapter as this subchapter.

Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 480, authorized $600,000 for the prompt and orderly termination of the Administrative Conference of the United States by Feb. 1, 1996.

The purposes of this subchapter are—

(1) to provide suitable arrangements through which Federal agencies, assisted by outside experts, may cooperatively study mutual problems, exchange information, and develop recommendations for action by proper authorities to the end that private rights may be fully protected and regulatory activities and other Federal responsibilities may be carried out expeditiously in the public interest;

(2) to promote more effective public participation and efficiency in the rulemaking process;

(3) to reduce unnecessary litigation in the regulatory process;

(4) to improve the use of science in the regulatory process; and

(5) to improve the effectiveness of laws applicable to the regulatory process.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 388, §571; renumbered §591, Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 108–401, §2(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2255.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1045(e). | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §2(e), 78 Stat. 615. |


The words "this subchapter" are substituted for "this Act" to reflect the codification of the Administrative Conference Act in this subchapter.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A prior section 591 was renumbered section 581 of this title.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–401 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide suitable arrangements through which Federal agencies, assisted by outside experts, may cooperatively study mutual problems, exchange information, and develop recommendations for action by proper authorities to the end that private rights may be fully protected and regulatory activities and other Federal responsibilities may be carried out expeditiously in the public interest."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 571 of this title as this section.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "administrative program" includes a Federal function which involves protection of the public interest and the determination of rights, privileges, and obligations of private persons through rule making, adjudication, licensing, or investigation, as those terms are used in subchapter II of this chapter, except that it does not include a military or foreign affairs function of the United States;

(2) "administrative agency" means an authority as defined by section 551(1) of this title; and

(3) "administrative procedure" means procedure used in carrying out an administrative program and is to be broadly construed to include any aspect of agency organization, procedure, or management which may affect the equitable consideration of public and private interests, the fairness of agency decisions, the speed of agency action, and the relationship of operating methods to later judicial review, but does not include the scope of agency responsibility as established by law or matters of substantive policy committed by law to agency discretion.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 388, §572; renumbered §592, Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1045a. | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §3, 78 Stat. 615. |


In paragraph (1), the words "subchapter II of this chapter" are substituted for "the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1001–1011)" to reflect the codification of the Act in this title. The word "naval" is omitted as included in "military".

In paragraph (2), the words "section 551(1) of this title" are substituted for "section 2(a) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 1001(a))".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A prior section 592 was renumbered section 582 of this title and was subsequently repealed.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 572 of this title as this section.

(a) The Administrative Conference of the United States consists of not more than 101 nor less than 75 members appointed as set forth in subsection (b) of this section.

(b) The Conference is composed of—

(1) a full-time Chairman appointed for a 5-year term by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Chairman is entitled to pay at the highest rate established by statute for the chairman of an independent regulatory board or commission, and may continue to serve until his successor is appointed and has qualified;

(2) the chairman of each independent regulatory board or commission or an individual designated by the board or commission;

(3) the head of each Executive department or other administrative agency which is designated by the President, or an individual designated by the head of the department or agency;

(4) when authorized by the Council referred to in section 595(b) of this title, one or more appointees from a board, commission, department, or agency referred to in this subsection, designated by the head thereof with, in the case of a board or commission, the approval of the board or commission;

(5) individuals appointed by the President to membership on the Council who are not otherwise members of the Conference; and

(6) not more than 40 other members appointed by the Chairman, with the approval of the Council, for terms of 2 years, except that the number of members appointed by the Chairman may at no time be less than one-third nor more than two-fifths of the total number of members. The Chairman shall select the members in a manner which will provide broad representation of the views of private citizens and utilize diverse experience. The members shall be members of the practicing bar, scholars in the field of administrative law or government, or others specially informed by knowledge and experience with respect to Federal administrative procedure.

(c) Members of the Conference, except the Chairman, are not entitled to pay for service. Members appointed from outside the Federal Government are entitled to travel expenses, including per diem instead of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of this title for individuals serving without pay.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 389, §573; Pub. L. 99–470, §1, Oct. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 1198; renumbered §593 and amended Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), (3), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

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5 U.S.C. 1045b. | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §4, 78 Stat. 616. |


In subsection (a), the words "There is hereby established" are omitted as executed. The words "hereinafter referred to as the 'Conference' " are omitted as unnecessary as the title "Administrative Conference of the United States" is fully set out the first time it is used in each section of this chapter.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "referred to in section 575(b) of this title" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (c), the words "by section 5703 of this title" are substituted for "by law (5 U.S.C. 73b–2)" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A prior section 593 was renumbered section 583 of this title.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), renumbered section 573 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–354, §2(3), substituted "section 595(b)" for "section 575(b)".

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–470, §1(a)(1), substituted "101" for "91".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 99–470, §1(a)(2), substituted "40" for "36".

For termination of Administrative Conference of United States, see note set out preceding section 591 of this title.

The Administrative Conference of the United States, established as a permanent body by the Administrative Conference Act, Pub. L. 88–499, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 615, was preceded by two temporary Conferences. The first was called by President Eisenhower in 1953 and adopted a final report which was transmitted to the President who acknowledged receipt of it on March 3, 1955. The second was established by President Kennedy by Executive Order No. 10934, Apr. 14, 1961, 26 F.R. 3233, which, by its terms, called for a final report to the President by December 31, 1962. The final report recommended a continuing Conference consisting of both government personnel and outside experts.

To carry out the purposes of this subchapter, the Administrative Conference of the United States may—

(1) study the efficiency, adequacy, and fairness of the administrative procedure used by administrative agencies in carrying out administrative programs, and make recommendations to administrative agencies, collectively or individually, and to the President, Congress, or the Judicial Conference of the United States, in connection therewith, as it considers appropriate;

(2) arrange for interchange among administrative agencies of information potentially useful in improving administrative procedure;

(3) collect information and statistics from administrative agencies and publish such reports as it considers useful for evaluating and improving administrative procedure;

(4) enter into arrangements with any administrative agency or major organizational unit within an administrative agency pursuant to which the Conference performs any of the functions described in this section; and

(5) provide assistance in response to requests relating to the improvement of administrative procedure in foreign countries, subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the Agency for International Development, or the Director of the United States Information Agency, as appropriate, except that—

(A) such assistance shall be limited to the analysis of issues relating to administrative procedure, the provision of training of foreign officials in administrative procedure, and the design or improvement of administrative procedure, where the expertise of members of the Conference is indicated; and

(B) such assistance may only be undertaken on a fully reimbursable basis, including all direct and indirect administrative costs.

Payment for services provided by the Conference pursuant to paragraph (4) shall be credited to the operating account for the Conference and shall remain available until expended.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 390, §574; Pub. L. 101–422, §2, Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 910; renumbered §594, Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 102–403, Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1968; Pub. L. 108–401, §2(b)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2255.)

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5 U.S.C. 1045c. | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §5, 78 Stat. 616. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–401 substituted "purposes" for "purpose" in introductory provisions.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 574 of this title as this section.

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–403 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "enter into arrangements with any administrative agency or major organizational unit within an administrative agency pursuant to which the Conference performs any of the functions described in paragraphs (1), (2), and (3)."

Par. (5). Pub. L. 102–403 which directed addition of par. (5) at end of section, was executed by adding par. (5) after par. (4) and before concluding provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–422 added par. (4) and concluding provisions.

For termination of Administrative Conference of United States, see note set out preceding section 591 of this title.

United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State, see sections 6531 and 6532 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a) The membership of the Administrative Conference of the United States meeting in plenary session constitutes the Assembly of the Conference. The Assembly has ultimate authority over all activities of the Conference. Specifically, it has the power to—

(1) adopt such recommendations as it considers appropriate for improving administrative procedure. A member who disagrees with a recommendation adopted by the Assembly is entitled to enter a dissenting opinion and an alternate proposal in the record of the Conference proceedings, and the opinion and proposal so entered shall accompany the Conference recommendation in a publication or distribution thereof; and

(2) adopt bylaws and regulations not inconsistent with this subchapter for carrying out the functions of the Conference, including the creation of such committees as it considers necessary for the conduct of studies and the development of recommendations for consideration by the Assembly.

(b) The Conference includes a Council composed of the Chairman of the Conference, who is Chairman of the Council, and 10 other members appointed by the President, of whom not more than one-half shall be employees of Federal regulatory agencies or Executive departments. The President may designate a member of the Council as Vice Chairman. During the absence or incapacity of the Chairman, or when that office is vacant, the Vice Chairman shall serve as Chairman. The term of each member, except the Chairman, is 3 years. When the term of a member ends, he may continue to serve until a successor is appointed. However, the service of any member ends when a change in his employment status would make him ineligible for Council membership under the conditions of his original appointment. The Council has the power to—

(1) determine the time and place of plenary sessions of the Conference and the agenda for the sessions. The Council shall call at least one plenary session each year;

(2) propose bylaws and regulations, including rules of procedure and committee organization, for adoption by the Assembly;

(3) make recommendations to the Conference or its committees on a subject germane to the purpose of the Conference;

(4) receive and consider reports and recommendations of committees of the Conference and send them to members of the Conference with the views and recommendations of the Council;

(5) designate a member of the Council to preside at meetings of the Council in the absence or incapacity of the Chairman and Vice Chairman;

(6) designate such additional officers of the Conference as it considers desirable;

(7) approve or revise the budgetary proposals of the Chairman; and

(8) exercise such other powers as may be delegated to it by the Assembly.

(c) The Chairman is the chief executive of the Conference. In that capacity he has the power to—

(1) make inquiries into matters he considers important for Conference consideration, including matters proposed by individuals inside or outside the Federal Government;

(2) be the official spokesman for the Conference in relations with the several branches and agencies of the Federal Government and with interested organizations and individuals outside the Government, including responsibility for encouraging Federal agencies to carry out the recommendations of the Conference;

(3) request agency heads to provide information needed by the Conference, which information shall be supplied to the extent permitted by law;

(4) recommend to the Council appropriate subjects for action by the Conference;

(5) appoint, with the approval of the Council, members of committees authorized by the bylaws and regulations of the Conference;

(6) prepare, for approval of the Council, estimates of the budgetary requirements of the Conference;

(7) appoint and fix the pay of employees, define their duties and responsibilities, and direct and supervise their activities;

(8) rent office space in the District of Columbia;

(9) provide necessary services for the Assembly, the Council, and the committees of the Conference;

(10) organize and direct studies ordered by the Assembly or the Council, to contract for the performance of such studies with any public or private persons, firm, association, corporation, or institution under title III of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended (41 U.S.C. 251–260), and to use from time to time, as appropriate, experts and consultants who may be employed in accordance with section 3109 of this title at rates not in excess of the maximum rate of pay for grade GS–15 as provided in section 5332 of this title;

(11) utilize, with their consent, the services and facilities of Federal agencies and of State and private agencies and instrumentalities with or without reimbursement;

(12) accept, hold, administer, and utilize gifts, devises, and bequests of property, both real and personal, for the purpose of aiding and facilitating the work of the Conference. Gifts and bequests of money and proceeds from sales of other property received as gifts, devises, or bequests shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be disbursed upon the order of the Chairman. Property accepted pursuant to this section, and the proceeds thereof, shall be used as nearly as possible in accordance with the terms of the gifts, devises, or bequests. For purposes of Federal income, estate, or gift taxes, property accepted under this section shall be considered as a gift, devise, or bequest to the United States;

(13) accept voluntary and uncompensated services, notwithstanding the provisions of section 1342 of title 31;

(14) on request of the head of an agency, furnish assistance and advice on matters of administrative procedure;

(15) exercise such additional authority as the Council or Assembly delegates to him; and

(16) request any administrative agency to notify the Chairman of its intent to enter into any contract with any person outside the agency to study the efficiency, adequacy, or fairness of an agency proceeding (as defined in section 551(12) of this title).

The Chairman shall preside at meetings of the Council and at each plenary session of the Conference, to which he shall make a full report concerning the affairs of the Conference since the last preceding plenary session. The Chairman, on behalf of the Conference, shall transmit to the President and Congress an annual report and such interim reports as he considers desirable.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 390, §575; Pub. L. 92–526, §1, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1048; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(1), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1062; Pub. L. 101–422, §3, Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 910; renumbered §595, Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944.)

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5 U.S.C. 1045d. | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §6, 78 Stat. 617. |


In subsection (b), the words "except that the Council members initially appointed shall serve for one, two, or three years, as designated by the President" are omitted as executed, existing rights being preserved by technical section 8.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "the sessions" are substituted for "such meetings" for clarity as elsewhere the word "sessions" refers to sessions of the Conference and "meetings" refers to meetings of the Council.

In subsection (c)(7), the words "subject to the civil service and classification laws" are omitted as unnecessary inasmuch as appointments in the executive branch are made subject to the civil service laws and pay is fixed under classification laws unless specifically excepted. The words "and fix the pay of" are added for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, referred to in subsec. (c)(10), is act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, 63 Stat. 377. Title III of the Act was classified generally to subchapter IV (§251 et seq.) of chapter 4 of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was substantially repealed and restated in division C (§3101 et seq.) of subtitle I of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1949 Act note set out under section 101 of Title 41 and Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 575 of this title as this section.

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(16). Pub. L. 101–422 added par. (16).

**1982**—Subsec. (c)(13). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b))".

**1972**—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 92–526, §1(a), inserted provisions authorizing contracts for the performance of such studies with any public or private persons, etc., under title III of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, and substituted provisions authorizing the payment of experts and consultants in accordance with rates not in excess of the maximum rate of pay for grade GS–15 as provided in section 5332 of this title, for provisions authorizing the payment of such individuals at rates not in excess of $100 a day.

Subsec. (c)(11) to (15). Pub. L. 92–526, §1(b), added pars. (11) to (13) and redesignated former pars. (11) and (12) as (14) and (15), respectively.

For termination of Administrative Conference of United States, see note set out preceding section 591 of this title.

There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter not more than $3,200,000 for fiscal year 2009, $3,200,000 for fiscal year 2010, and $3,200,000 for fiscal year 2011. Of any amounts appropriated under this section, not more than $2,500 may be made available in each fiscal year for official representation and entertainment expenses for foreign dignitaries.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 391, §576; Pub. L. 91–164, Dec. 24, 1969, 83 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 92–526, §2, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1048; Pub. L. 95–293, §1(a), June 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 317; Pub. L. 97–330, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1618; Pub. L. 99–470, §2(a), Oct. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 1198; Pub. L. 101–422, §1, Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 910; renumbered §596, Pub. L. 102–354, §2(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 944; Pub. L. 108–401, §3, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 110–290, §2, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2914.)

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5 U.S.C. 1045e. | Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–499, §7, 78 Stat. 618. |


The word "hereby" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–290 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter not more than $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2005, $3,100,000 for fiscal year 2006, and $3,200,000 for fiscal year 2007. Of any amounts appropriated under this section, not more than $2,500 may be made available in each fiscal year for official representation and entertainment expenses for foreign dignitaries."

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–401 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this subchapter not more than $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1990, $2,100,000 for fiscal year 1991, $2,200,000 for fiscal year 1992, $2,300,000 for fiscal year 1993, and $2,400,000 for fiscal year 1994. Of any amounts appropriated under this section, not more than $1,500 may be made available in each fiscal year for official representation and entertainment expenses for foreign dignitaries."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–354 renumbered section 576 of this title as this section.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–422 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this subchapter not more than $1,600,000 for fiscal year 1986 and not more than $2,000,000 for each fiscal year thereafter up to and including fiscal year 1990. Of any amounts appropriated under this section, not more than $1,000 may be made available in each fiscal year for official reception and entertainment expenses for foreign dignitaries."

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–470 substituted "Authorization of appropriations" for "Appropriations" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this subchapter sums not to exceed $2,300,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, and not to exceed $2,300,000 for each fiscal year thereafter up to and including the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986."

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–330 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations of not to exceed $2,300,000 for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1982, and not to exceed $2,300,000 for each fiscal year thereafter up to and including fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1986, for provisions that had authorized appropriations of not to exceed $1,700,000 for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1979, $2,000,000 for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1980, $2,300,000 for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981, and $2,300,000 for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1982.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–293 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1979, Sept. 30, 1980, Sept. 30, 1981, and Sept. 30, 1982, of $1,700,000, $2,000,000, $2,300,000, and $2,300,000, respectively, for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, June 30, 1975, June 30, 1976, June 30, 1977, and June 30, 1978, of $760,000, $805,000, $850,000, $900,000, and $950,000, respectively, and provisions authorizing for each fiscal year thereafter such sums as may be necessary.

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–526 substituted provisions authorizing to be appropriated necessary sums not in excess of $760,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $805,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, $850,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $900,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, and $950,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1978, and each fiscal year thereafter, for provisions authorizing to be appropriated necessary sums, not in excess of $450,000 per annum.

**1969**—Pub. L. 91–164 substituted "$450,000 per annum" for "$250,000".

Pub. L. 95–293, §1(b), June 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 317, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1977."


For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "agency" means an agency as defined in section 551(1) of this title;

(2) the term "rule" means any rule for which the agency publishes a general notice of proposed rulemaking pursuant to section 553(b) of this title, or any other law, including any rule of general applicability governing Federal grants to State and local governments for which the agency provides an opportunity for notice and public comment, except that the term "rule" does not include a rule of particular applicability relating to rates, wages, corporate or financial structures or reorganizations thereof, prices, facilities, appliances, services, or allowances therefor or to valuations, costs or accounting, or practices relating to such rates, wages, structures, prices, appliances, services, or allowances;

(3) the term "small business" has the same meaning as the term "small business concern" under section 3 of the Small Business Act, unless an agency, after consultation with the Office of Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and after opportunity for public comment, establishes one or more definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal Register;

(4) the term "small organization" means any not-for-profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not dominant in its field, unless an agency establishes, after opportunity for public comment, one or more definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of the agency and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal Register;

(5) the term "small governmental jurisdiction" means governments of cities, counties, towns, townships, villages, school districts, or special districts, with a population of less than fifty thousand, unless an agency establishes, after opportunity for public comment, one or more definitions of such term which are appropriate to the activities of the agency and which are based on such factors as location in rural or sparsely populated areas or limited revenues due to the population of such jurisdiction, and publishes such definition(s) in the Federal Register;

(6) the term "small entity" shall have the same meaning as the terms "small business", "small organization" and "small governmental jurisdiction" defined in paragraphs (3), (4) and (5) of this section; and

(7) the term "collection of information"—

(A) means the obtaining, causing to be obtained, soliciting, or requiring the disclosure to third parties or the public, of facts or opinions by or for an agency, regardless of form or format, calling for either—

(i) answers to identical questions posed to, or identical reporting or recordkeeping requirements imposed on, 10 or more persons, other than agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States; or

(ii) answers to questions posed to agencies, instrumentalities, or employees of the United States which are to be used for general statistical purposes; and

(B) shall not include a collection of information described under section 3518(c)(1) of title 44, United States Code.

(8)

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1165; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §241(a)(2), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 864.)

Section 3 of the Small Business Act, referred to in par. (3), is classified to section 632 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

**1996**—Pars. (7), (8). Pub. L. 104–121 added pars. (7) and (8).

Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §245, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 868, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle D (§§241–245) of title II of Pub. L. 104–121, amending this section and sections 603 to 605, 609, 611, and 612 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 609 of this title] shall become effective on the expiration of 90 days after the date of enactment of this subtitle [Mar. 29, 1996], except that such amendments shall not apply to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to the date of enactment."

Pub. L. 96–354, §4, Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1170, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [enacting this chapter] shall take effect January 1, 1981, except that the requirements of sections 603 and 604 of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 3 of this Act) shall apply only to rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking is issued on or after January 1, 1981."

Pub. L. 104–121, §1, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 847, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 801 to 808 of this title, section 657 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and sections 1320b–15 and 1383e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending this section and sections 504, 603 to 605, 609, 611, and 612 of this title, sections 665e and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 648 of Title 15, section 2412 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, section 3101 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 401, 402, 403, 405, 422, 423, 425, 902, 903, 1382, 1382c, 1383, and 1383c of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 504, 609, and 801 of this title and sections 401, 402, 403, 405, 902, 1305, 1320b–15, and 1382 of Title 42, amending provisions set out as a note under section 631 of Title 15, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 425 of Title 42] may be cited as the 'Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 96–354, §1, Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1164, provided: "That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Regulatory Flexibility Act'."

Pub. L. 107–198, §4, June 28, 2002, 116 Stat. 732, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the chairpersons and ranking minority members of—

"(i) the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] and the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of the Senate; and

"(ii) the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] and the Committee on Small Business of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Small Business and Agriculture Regulatory Enforcement Ombudsman designated under section 30(b) of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 657(b)).

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) The number of enforcement actions in which a civil penalty is assessed.

"(B) The number of enforcement actions in which a civil penalty is assessed against a small entity.

"(C) The number of enforcement actions described under subparagraphs (A) and (B) in which the civil penalty is reduced or waived.

"(D) The total monetary amount of the reductions or waivers referred to under subparagraph (C).

"(4)

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §654], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–528, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) require agencies to assess the impact of proposed agency actions on family well-being; and

"(2) improve the management of executive branch agencies.

"(b)

"(1) the term 'agency' has the meaning given the term 'Executive agency' by section 105 of title 5, United States Code, except such term does not include the Government Accountability Office; and

"(2) the term 'family' means—

"(A) a group of individuals related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal custody who live together as a single household; and

"(B) any individual who is not a member of such group, but who is related by blood, marriage, or adoption to a member of such group, and over half of whose support in a calendar year is received from such group.

"(c)

"(1) the action strengthens or erodes the stability or safety of the family and, particularly, the marital commitment;

"(2) the action strengthens or erodes the authority and rights of parents in the education, nurture, and supervision of their children;

"(3) the action helps the family perform its functions, or substitutes governmental activity for the function;

"(4) the action increases or decreases disposable income or poverty of families and children;

"(5) the proposed benefits of the action justify the financial impact on the family;

"(6) the action may be carried out by State or local government or by the family; and

"(7) the action establishes an implicit or explicit policy concerning the relationship between the behavior and personal responsibility of youth, and the norms of society.

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) submit a written certification to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and to Congress that such policy or regulation has been assessed in accordance with this section; and

"(B) provide an adequate rationale for implementation of each policy or regulation that may negatively affect family well-being.

"(2)

"(A) ensure that policies and regulations proposed by agencies are implemented consistent with this section; and

"(B) compile, index, and submit annually to the Congress the written certifications received pursuant to paragraph (1)(A).

"(3)

"(A) assess proposed policies and regulations in accordance with this section;

"(B) provide evaluations of policies and regulations that may affect family well-being to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget; and

"(C) advise the President on policy and regulatory actions that may be taken to strengthen the institutions of marriage and family in the United States.

"(e)

"(f)

Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §§201–224, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 857–862, as amended by Pub. L. 110–28, title VIII, §8302, May 25, 2007, 121 Stat. 204, provided that:

"This title [enacting sections 801 to 808 of this title and section 657 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, amending this section, sections 504, 603 to 605, 609, 611, and 612 of this title, section 648 of Title 15, and section 2412 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 504, 609, and 801 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 631 of Title 15] may be cited as the 'Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996'.

"Congress finds that—

"(1) a vibrant and growing small business sector is critical to creating jobs in a dynamic economy;

"(2) small businesses bear a disproportionate share of regulatory costs and burdens;

"(3) fundamental changes that are needed in the regulatory and enforcement culture of Federal agencies to make agencies more responsive to small business can be made without compromising the statutory missions of the agencies;

"(4) three of the top recommendations of the 1995 White House Conference on Small Business involve reforms to the way government regulations are developed and enforced, and reductions in government paperwork requirements;

"(5) the requirements of chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code, have too often been ignored by government agencies, resulting in greater regulatory burdens on small entities than necessitated by statute; and

"(6) small entities should be given the opportunity to seek judicial review of agency actions required by chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code.

"The purposes of this title are—

"(1) to implement certain recommendations of the 1995 White House Conference on Small Business regarding the development and enforcement of Federal regulations;

"(2) to provide for judicial review of chapter 6 of title 5, United States Code;

"(3) to encourage the effective participation of small businesses in the Federal regulatory process;

"(4) to simplify the language of Federal regulations affecting small businesses;

"(5) to develop more accessible sources of information on regulatory and reporting requirements for small businesses;

"(6) to create a more cooperative regulatory environment among agencies and small businesses that is less punitive and more solution-oriented; and

"(7) to make Federal regulators more accountable for their enforcement actions by providing small entities with a meaningful opportunity for redress of excessive enforcement activities.

"For purposes of this subtitle—

"(1) the terms 'rule' and 'small entity' have the same meanings as in section 601 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'agency' has the same meaning as in section 551 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(3) the term 'small entity compliance guide' means a document designated and entitled as such by an agency.

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the posting of the guide in an easily identified location on the website of the agency; and

"(B) distribution of the guide to known industry contacts, such as small entities, associations, or industry leaders affected by the rule.

"(3)

"(A) on the same date as the date of publication of the final rule (or as soon as possible after that date); and

"(B) not later than the date on which the requirements of that rule become effective.

"(4)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) shall include a description of actions needed to meet the requirements of a rule, to enable a small entity to know when such requirements are met; and

"(ii) if determined appropriate by the agency, may include a description of possible procedures, such as conducting tests, that may assist a small entity in meeting such requirements, except that, compliance with any procedures described pursuant to this section does not establish compliance with the rule, or establish a presumption or inference of such compliance.

"(C)

"(i) shall be suggestions to assist small entities; and

"(ii) shall not be additional requirements, or diminish requirements, relating to the rule.

"(5)

"(6)

"(b)

"(c)

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(a) [Amended section 648 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.]

"(b) Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note, above] in any way affects or limits the ability of other technical assistance or extension programs to perform or continue to perform services related to compliance assistance.

"Agencies may, to the extent resources are available and where appropriate, in cooperation with the States, develop guides that fully integrate requirements of both Federal and State regulations where regulations within an agency's area of interest at the Federal and State levels impact small entities. Where regulations vary among the States, separate guides may be created for separate States in cooperation with State agencies.

"This subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect on the expiration of 90 days after the date of enactment of this subtitle [Mar. 29, 1996].

"For purposes of this subtitle—

"(1) the terms 'rule' and 'small entity' have the same meanings as in section 601 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'agency' has the same meaning as in section 551 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(3) the term 'small entity compliance guide' means a document designated as such by an agency.

"[Enacted section 657 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.]

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) requiring the small entity to correct the violation within a reasonable correction period;

"(2) limiting the applicability to violations discovered through participation by the small entity in a compliance assistance or audit program operated or supported by the agency or a State;

"(3) excluding small entities that have been subject to multiple enforcement actions by the agency;

"(4) excluding violations involving willful or criminal conduct;

"(5) excluding violations that pose serious health, safety or environmental threats; and

"(6) requiring a good faith effort to comply with the law.

"(c)

"This subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect on the expiration of 90 days after the date of enactment of this subtitle [Mar. 29, 1996]."

Pub. L. 101–574, title III, §309, Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2831, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the number of loans made by financial institutions to small businesses located in rural areas, a change in the level of security interests required for such loans, and the cost of such loans to rural small businesses for creation and expansion;

"(2) airline service in cities and towns with populations of 100,000 or less, including airline fare, the number of flights available, number of seats available, scheduling of flights, continuity of service, number of markets being served by large and small airlines, availability of nonstop service, availability of direct service, number of economic cancellations, number of flight delays, the types of airplanes used, and time delays;

"(3) the availability and costs of bus, rail and trucking transportation for businesses located in rural areas;

"(4) the availability and costs of state-of-the-art telecommunications services to small businesses located in rural areas, including voice telephone service, private (not multiparty) telephone service, reliable facsimile document and data transmission, competitive long distance carriers, cellular (mobile) telephone service, multifrequency tone signaling services such as touchtone services, custom-calling services (including three-way calling, call forwarding, and call waiting), voicemail services, and 911 emergency services with automatic number identification;

"(5) the availability and costs to rural schools, hospitals, and other public facilities, of sending and receiving audio and visual signals in cases where such ability will enhance the quality of services provided to rural residents and businesses; and

"(6) the availability and costs of services enumerated in paragraphs (1) through (5) in urban areas compared to rural areas.

"(b)

Pub. L. 96–354, §2, Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1164, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds and declares that—

"(1) when adopting regulations to protect the health, safety and economic welfare of the Nation, Federal agencies should seek to achieve statutory goals as effectively and efficiently as possible without imposing unnecessary burdens on the public;

"(2) laws and regulations designed for application to large scale entities have been applied uniformly to small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions even though the problems that gave rise to government action may not have been caused by those smaller entities;

"(3) uniform Federal regulatory and reporting requirements have in numerous instances imposed unnecessary and disproportionately burdensome demands including legal, accounting and consulting costs upon small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions with limited resources;

"(4) the failure to recognize differences in the scale and resources of regulated entities has in numerous instances adversely affected competition in the marketplace, discouraged innovation and restricted improvements in productivity;

"(5) unnecessary regulations create entry barriers in many industries and discourage potential entrepreneurs from introducing beneficial products and processes;

"(6) the practice of treating all regulated businesses, organizations, and governmental jurisdictions as equivalent may lead to inefficient use of regulatory agency resources, enforcement problems, and, in some cases, to actions inconsistent with the legislative intent of health, safety, environmental and economic welfare legislation;

"(7) alternative regulatory approaches which do not conflict with the stated objectives of applicable statutes may be available which minimize the significant economic impact of rules on small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions;

"(8) the process by which Federal regulations are developed and adopted should be reformed to require agencies to solicit the ideas and comments of small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions to examine the impact of proposed and existing rules on such entities, and to review the continued need for existing rules.

"(b) It is the purpose of this Act [enacting this chapter] to establish as a principle of regulatory issuance that agencies shall endeavor, consistent with the objectives of the rule and of applicable statutes, to fit regulatory and informational requirements to the scale of the businesses, organizations, and governmental jurisdictions subject to regulation. To achieve this principle, agencies are required to solicit and consider flexible regulatory proposals and to explain the rationale for their actions to assure that such proposals are given serious consideration."

Ex. Ord. No. 12291, Feb. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 13193, which established requirements for agencies to follow in promulgating regulations, reviewing existing regulations, and developing legislative proposals concerning regulation, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12866, §11, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51735, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12498, Jan. 4, 1985, 50 F.R. 1036, which established a regulatory planning process by which to develop and publish a regulatory program for each year, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12866, §11, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51735, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12606, Sept. 2, 1987, 52 F.R. 34188, which provided criteria for executive departments and agencies to follow in making policies and regulations to ensure consideration of effect of those policies and regulations on autonomy and rights of the family, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13045, §7, Apr. 21, 1997, 62 F.R. 19888, set out as a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 12612, Oct. 26, 1987, 52 F.R. 41685, which set out fundamental federalism principles and policymaking criteria for executive departments and agencies to follow in formulating and implementing policies and limited the instances when executive departments and agencies could construe a Federal statute to preempt State law, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13132, §10(b), Aug. 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 43259, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12630, Mar. 15, 1988, 53 F.R. 8859, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, and in order to ensure that government actions are undertaken on a well-reasoned basis with due regard for fiscal accountability, for the financial impact of the obligations imposed on the Federal government by the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment, and for the Constitution, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Purpose*. (a) The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution provides that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Government historically has used the formal exercise of the power of eminent domain, which provides orderly processes for paying just compensation, to acquire private property for public use. Recent Supreme Court decisions, however, in reaffirming the fundamental protection of private property rights provided by the Fifth Amendment and in assessing the nature of governmental actions that have an impact on constitutionally protected property rights, have also reaffirmed that governmental actions that do not formally invoke the condemnation power, including regulations, may result in a taking for which just compensation is required.

(b) Responsible fiscal management and fundamental principles of good government require that government decision-makers evaluate carefully the effect of their administrative, regulatory, and legislative actions on constitutionally protected property rights. Executive departments and agencies should review their actions carefully to prevent unnecessary takings and should account in decision-making for those takings that are necessitated by statutory mandate.

(c) The purpose of this Order is to assist Federal departments and agencies in undertaking such reviews and in proposing, planning, and implementing actions with due regard for the constitutional protections provided by the Fifth Amendment and to reduce the risk of undue or inadvertent burdens on the public fisc resulting from lawful governmental action. In furtherance of the purpose of this Order, the Attorney General shall, consistent with the principles stated herein and in consultation with the Executive departments and agencies, promulgate Guidelines for the Evaluation of Risk and Avoidance of Unanticipated Takings to which each Executive department or agency shall refer in making the evaluations required by this Order or in otherwise taking any action that is the subject of this Order. The Guidelines shall be promulgated no later than May 1, 1988, and shall be disseminated to all units of each Executive department and agency no later than July 1, 1988. The Attorney General shall, as necessary, update these guidelines to reflect fundamental changes in takings law occurring as a result of Supreme Court decisions.

*Definitions*. For the purpose of this Order: (a) "Policies that have takings implications" refers to Federal regulations, proposed Federal regulations, proposed Federal legislation, comments on proposed Federal legislation, or other Federal policy statements that, if implemented or enacted, could effect a taking, such as rules and regulations that propose or implement licensing, permitting, or other condition requirements or limitations on private property use, or that require dedications or exactions from owners of private property. "Policies that have takings implications" does not include:

(1) Actions abolishing regulations, discontinuing governmental programs, or modifying regulations in a manner that lessens interference with the use of private property;

(2) Actions taken with respect to properties held in trust by the United States or in preparation for or during treaty negotiations with foreign nations;

(3) Law enforcement actions involving seizure, for violations of law, of property for forfeiture or as evidence in criminal proceedings;

(4) Studies or similar efforts or planning activities;

(5) Communications between Federal agencies or departments and State or local land-use planning agencies regarding planned or proposed State or local actions regulating private property regardless of whether such communications are initiated by a Federal agency or department or are undertaken in response to an invitation by the State or local authority;

(6) The placement of military facilities or military activities involving the use of Federal property alone; or

(7) Any military or foreign affairs functions (including procurement functions thereunder) but not including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works program.

(b) Private property refers to all property protected by the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

(c) "Actions" refers to proposed Federal regulations, proposed Federal legislation, comments on proposed Federal legislation, applications of Federal regulations to specific property, or Federal governmental actions physically invading or occupying private property, or other policy statements or actions related to Federal regulation or direct physical invasion or occupancy, but does not include:

(1) Actions in which the power of eminent domain is formally exercised;

(2) Actions taken with respect to properties held in trust by the United States or in preparation for or during treaty negotiations with foreign nations;

(3) Law enforcement actions involving seizure, for violations of law, of property for forfeiture or as evidence in criminal proceedings;

(4) Studies or similar efforts or planning activities;

(5) Communications between Federal agencies or departments and State or local land-use planning agencies regarding planned or proposed State or local actions regulating private property regardless of whether such communications are initiated by a Federal agency or department or are undertaken in response to an invitation by the State or local authority;

(6) The placement of military facilities or military activities involving the use of Federal property alone; or

(7) Any military or foreign affairs functions (including procurement functions thereunder), but not including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers civil works program.

*General Principles*. In formulating or implementing policies that have takings implications, each Executive department and agency shall be guided by the following general principles:

(a) Governmental officials should be sensitive to, anticipate, and account for, the obligations imposed by the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment in planning and carrying out governmental actions so that they do not result in the imposition of unanticipated or undue additional burdens on the public fisc.

(b) Actions undertaken by governmental officials that result in a physical invasion or occupancy of private property, and regulations imposed on private property that substantially affect its value or use, may constitute a taking of property. Further, governmental action may amount to a taking even though the action results in less than a complete deprivation of all use or value, or of all separate and distinct interests in the same private property and even if the action constituting a taking is temporary in nature.

(c) Government officials whose actions are taken specifically for purposes of protecting public health and safety are ordinarily given broader latitude by courts before their actions are considered to be takings. However, the mere assertion of a public health and safety purpose is insufficient to avoid a taking. Actions to which this Order applies asserted to be for the protection of public health and safety, therefore, should be undertaken only in response to real and substantial threats to public health and safety, be designed to advance significantly the health and safety purpose, and be no greater than is necessary to achieve the health and safety purpose.

(d) While normal governmental processes do not ordinarily effect takings, undue delays in decision-making during which private property use if interfered with carry a risk of being held to be takings. Additionally, a delay in processing may increase significantly the size of compensation due if a taking is later found to have occurred.

(e) The Just Compensation Clause is self-actuating, requiring that compensation be paid whenever governmental action results in a taking of private property regardless of whether the underlying authority for the action contemplated a taking or authorized the payment of compensation. Accordingly, governmental actions that may have a significant impact on the use or value of private property should be scrutinized to avoid undue or unplanned burdens on the public fisc.

*Department and Agency Action*. In addition to the fundamental principles set forth in Section 3, Executive departments and agencies shall adhere, to the extent permitted by law, to the following criteria when implementing policies that have takings implications:

(a) When an Executive department or agency requires a private party to obtain a permit in order to undertake a specific use of, or action with respect to, private property, any conditions imposed on the granting of a permit shall:

(1) Serve the same purpose that would have been served by a prohibition of the use or action; and

(2) Substantially advance that purpose.

(b) When a proposed action would place a restriction on a use of private property, the restriction imposed on the use shall not be disproportionate to the extent to which the use contributes to the overall problem that the restriction is imposed to redress.

(c) When a proposed action involves a permitting process or any other decision-making process that will interfere with, or otherwise prohibit, the use of private property pending the completion of the process, the duration of the process shall be kept to the minimum necessary.

(d) Before undertaking any proposed action regulating private property use for the protection of public health or safety, the Executive department or agency involved shall, in internal deliberative documents and any submissions to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget that are required:

(1) Identify clearly, with as much specificity as possible, the public health or safety risk created by the private property use that is the subject of the proposed action;

(2) Establish that such proposed action substantially advances the purpose of protecting public health and safety against the specifically identified risk;

(3) Establish to the extent possible that the restrictions imposed on the private property are not disproportionate to the extent to which the use contributes to the overall risk; and

(4) Estimate, to the extent possible, the potential cost to the government in the event that a court later determines that the action constituted a taking.

In instances in which there is an immediate threat to health and safety that constitutes an emergency requiring immediate response, this analysis may be done upon completion of the emergency action.

*Executive Department and Agency Implementation*. (a) The head of each Executive department and agency shall designate an official to be responsible for ensuring compliance with this Order with respect to the actions of the department or agency.

(b) Executive departments and agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, identify the takings implications of proposed regulatory actions and address the merits of those actions in light of the identified takings implications, if any, in all required submissions made to the Office of Management and Budget. Significant takings implications should also be identified and discussed in notices of proposed rule-making and messages transmitting legislative proposals to the Congress stating the departments' and agencies' conclusions on the takings issues.

(c) Executive departments and agencies shall identify each existing Federal rule and regulation against which a takings award has been made or against which a takings claim is pending including the amount of each claim or award. A "takings" award has been made or a "takings" claim pending if the award was made, or the pending claim brought, pursuant to the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment. An itemized compilation of all such awards made in Fiscal Years 1985, 1986, and 1987 and all such pending claims shall be submitted to the Director, Office of Management and Budget, on or before May 16, 1988.

(d) Each Executive department and agency shall submit annually to the Director, Office of Management and Budget, and to the Attorney General an itemized compilation of all awards of just compensation entered against the United States for takings, including awards of interest as well as monies paid pursuant to the provisions of the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. 4601.

(e)(1) The Director, Office of Management and Budget, and the Attorney General shall each, to the extent permitted by law, take action to ensure that the policies of the Executive departments and agencies are consistent with the principles, criteria, and requirements stated in Sections 1 through 5 of this Order, and the Office of Management and Budget shall take action to ensure that all takings awards levied against agencies are properly accounted for in agency budget submissions.

(2) In addition to the guidelines required by Section 1 of this Order, the Attorney General shall, in consultation with each Executive department and agency to which this Order applies, promulgate such supplemental guidelines as may be appropriate to the specific obligations of that department or agency.

*Judicial Review*. This Order is intended only to improve the internal management of the Executive branch and is not intended to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 12861, Sept. 11, 1993, 58 F.R. 48255, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and section 1111 of title 31, United States Code, and to cut 50 percent of the executive branch's internal regulations in order to streamline and improve customer service to the American people, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Regulatory Reductions*. Each executive department and agency shall undertake to eliminate not less than 50 percent of its civilian internal management regulations that are not required by law within 3 years of the effective date of this order. An agency internal management regulation, for the purposes of this order, means an agency directive or regulation that pertains to its organization, management, or personnel matters. Reductions in agency internal management regulations shall be concentrated in areas that will result in the greatest improvement in productivity, streamlining of operations, and improvement in customer service.

*Coverage*. This order applies to all executive branch departments and agencies.

*Implementation*. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue instructions regarding the implementation of this order, including exemptions necessary for the delivery of essential services and compliance with applicable law.

*Independent Agencies*. All independent regulatory commissions and agencies are requested to comply with the provisions of this order.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 12866, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51735, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13258, Feb. 26, 2002, 67 F.R. 9385; Ex. Ord. No. 13422, Jan. 18, 2007, 72 F.R. 2763; Ex. Ord. No. 13497, §1, Jan. 30, 2009, 74 F.R. 6113; Ex. Ord. No. 14094, §1(b), Apr. 6, 2023, 88 F.R. 21879, provided:

The American people deserve a regulatory system that works for them, not against them: a regulatory system that protects and improves their health, safety, environment, and well-being and improves the performance of the economy without imposing unacceptable or unreasonable costs on society; regulatory policies that recognize that the private sector and private markets are the best engine for economic growth; regulatory approaches that respect the role of State, local, and tribal governments; and regulations that are effective, consistent, sensible, and understandable. We do not have such a regulatory system today.

With this Executive order, the Federal Government begins a program to reform and make more efficient the regulatory process. The objectives of this Executive order are to enhance planning and coordination with respect to both new and existing regulations; to reaffirm the primacy of Federal agencies in the regulatory decision-making process; to restore the integrity and legitimacy of regulatory review and oversight; and to make the process more accessible and open to the public. In pursuing these objectives, the regulatory process shall be conducted so as to meet applicable statutory requirements and with due regard to the discretion that has been entrusted to the Federal agencies.

Accordingly, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Statement of Regulatory Philosophy and Principles*.

(a) *The Regulatory Philosophy*. Federal agencies should promulgate only such regulations as are required by law, are necessary to interpret the law, or are made necessary by compelling public need, such as material failures of private markets to protect or improve the health and safety of the public, the environment, or the well-being of the American people. In deciding whether and how to regulate, agencies should assess all costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives, including the alternative of not regulating. Costs and benefits shall be understood to include both quantifiable measures (to the fullest extent that these can be usefully estimated) and qualitative measures of costs and benefits that are difficult to quantify, but nevertheless essential to consider. Further, in choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, agencies should select those approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity), unless a statute requires another regulatory approach.

(b) *The Principles of Regulation*. To ensure that the agencies' regulatory programs are consistent with the philosophy set forth above, agencies should adhere to the following principles, to the extent permitted by law and where applicable:

(1) Each agency shall identify the problem that it intends to address (including, where applicable, the failures of private markets or public institutions that warrant new agency action) as well as assess the significance of that problem.

(2) Each agency shall examine whether existing regulations (or other law) have created, or contributed to, the problem that a new regulation is intended to correct and whether those regulations (or other law) should be modified to achieve the intended goal of regulation more effectively.

(3) Each agency shall identify and assess available alternatives to direct regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage the desired behavior, such as user fees or marketable permits, or providing information upon which choices can be made by the public.

(4) In setting regulatory priorities, each agency shall consider, to the extent reasonable, the degree and nature of the risks posed by various substances or activities within its jurisdiction.

(5) When an agency determines that a regulation is the best available method of achieving the regulatory objective, it shall design its regulations in the most cost-effective manner to achieve the regulatory objective. In doing so, each agency shall consider incentives for innovation, consistency, predictability, the costs of enforcement and compliance (to the government, regulated entities, and the public), flexibility, distributive impacts, and equity.

(6) Each agency shall assess both the costs and the benefits of the intended regulation and, recognizing that some costs and benefits are difficult to quantify, propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs.

(7) Each agency shall base its decisions on the best reasonably obtainable scientific, technical, economic, and other information concerning the need for, and consequences of, the intended regulation.

(8) Each agency shall identify and assess alternative forms of regulation and shall, to the extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than specifying the behavior or manner of compliance that regulated entities must adopt.

(9) Wherever feasible, agencies shall seek views of appropriate State, local, and tribal officials before imposing regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect those governmental entities. Each agency shall assess the effects of Federal regulations on State, local, and tribal governments, including specifically the availability of resources to carry out those mandates, and seek to minimize those burdens that uniquely or significantly affect such governmental entities, consistent with achieving regulatory objectives. In addition, as appropriate, agencies shall seek to harmonize Federal regulatory actions with related State, local, and tribal regulatory and other governmental functions.

(10) Each agency shall avoid regulations that are inconsistent, incompatible, or duplicative with its other regulations or those of other Federal agencies.

(11) Each agency shall tailor its regulations to impose the least burden on society, including individuals, businesses of differing sizes, and other entities (including small communities and governmental entities), consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives, taking into account, among other things, and to the extent practicable, the costs of cumulative regulations.

(12) Each agency shall draft its regulations to be simple and easy to understand, with the goal of minimizing the potential for uncertainty and litigation arising from such uncertainty.

*Organization*. An efficient regulatory planning and review process is vital to ensure that the Federal Government's regulatory system best serves the American people.

(a) *The Agencies*. Because Federal agencies are the repositories of significant substantive expertise and experience, they are responsible for developing regulations and assuring that the regulations are consistent with applicable law, the President's priorities, and the principles set forth in this Executive order.

(b) *The Office of Management and Budget*. Coordinated review of agency rulemaking is necessary to ensure that regulations are consistent with applicable law, the President's priorities, and the principles set forth in this Executive order, and that decisions made by one agency do not conflict with the policies or actions taken or planned by another agency. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall carry out that review function. Within OMB, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is the repository of expertise concerning regulatory issues, including methodologies and procedures that affect more than one agency, this Executive order, and the President's regulatory policies. To the extent permitted by law, OMB shall provide guidance to agencies and assist the President, the Vice President, and other regulatory policy advisors to the President in regulatory planning and shall be the entity that reviews individual regulations, as provided by this Executive order.

(c) *The Vice President*. The Vice President is the principal advisor to the President on, and shall coordinate the development and presentation of recommendations concerning, regulatory policy, planning, and review, as set forth in this Executive order. In fulfilling their responsibilities under this Executive order, the President and the Vice President shall be assisted by the regulatory policy advisors within the Executive Office of the President and by such agency officials and personnel as the President and the Vice President may, from time to time, consult.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this Executive order: (a) "Advisors" refers to such regulatory policy advisors to the President as the President and Vice President may from time to time consult, including, among others: (1) the Director of OMB; (2) the Chair (or another member) of the Council of Economic Advisers; (3) the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy; (4) the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy; (5) the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs; (6) the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology; (7) the Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs; (8) the Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary; (9) the Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff to the Vice President; (10) the Assistant to the President and Counsel to the President; (11) the Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Office on Environmental Policy; and (12) the Administrator of OIRA, who also shall coordinate communications relating to this Executive order among the agencies, OMB, the other Advisors, and the Office of the Vice President.

(b) "Agency," unless otherwise indicated, means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(10).

(c) "Director" means the Director of OMB.

(d) "Regulation" or "rule" means an agency statement of general applicability and future effect, which the agency intends to have the force and effect of law, that is designed to implement, interpret, or prescribe law or policy or to describe the procedure or practice requirements of an agency. It does not, however, include:

(1) Regulations or rules issued in accordance with the formal rulemaking provisions of 5 U.S.C. 556, 557;

(2) Regulations or rules that pertain to a military or foreign affairs function of the United States, other than procurement regulations and regulations involving the import or export of non-defense articles and services;

(3) Regulations or rules that are limited to agency organization, management, or personnel matters; or

(4) Any other category of regulations exempted by the Administrator of OIRA.

(e) "Regulatory action" means any substantive action by an agency (normally published in the Federal Register) that promulgates or is expected to lead to the promulgation of a final rule or regulation, including notices of inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, and notices of proposed rulemaking.

(f) "Significant regulatory action" means any regulatory action that is likely to result in a rule that may:

(1) have an annual effect on the economy of $200 million or more (adjusted every 3 years by the Administrator of OIRA for changes in gross domestic product); or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, territorial, or tribal governments or communities;

(2) create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action taken or planned by another agency;

(3) materially alter the budgetary impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or

(4) raise legal or policy issues for which centralized review would meaningfully further the President's priorities or the principles set forth in this Executive order, as specifically authorized in a timely manner by the Administrator of OIRA in each case.

*Planning Mechanism*. In order to have an effective regulatory program, to provide for coordination of regulations, to maximize consultation and the resolution of potential conflicts at an early stage, to involve the public and its State, local, and tribal officials in regulatory planning, and to ensure that new or revised regulations promote the President's priorities and the principles set forth in this Executive order, these procedures shall be followed, to the extent permitted by law: (a) *Agencies' Policy Meeting*. Early in each year's planning cycle, the Vice President shall convene a meeting of the Advisors and the heads of agencies to seek a common understanding of priorities and to coordinate regulatory efforts to be accomplished in the upcoming year.

(b) *Unified Regulatory Agenda*. For purposes of this subsection, the term "agency" or "agencies" shall also include those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(10). Each agency shall prepare an agenda of all regulations under development or review, at a time and in a manner specified by the Administrator of OIRA. The description of each regulatory action shall contain, at a minimum, a regulation identifier number, a brief summary of the action, the legal authority for the action, any legal deadline for the action, and the name and telephone number of a knowledgeable agency official. Agencies may incorporate the information required under 5 U.S.C. 602 and [former] 41 U.S.C. 402 into these agendas.

(c) *The Regulatory Plan*. For purposes of this subsection, the term "agency" or "agencies" shall also include those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(10). (1) As part of the Unified Regulatory Agenda, beginning in 1994, each agency shall prepare a Regulatory Plan (Plan) of the most important significant regulatory actions that the agency reasonably expects to issue in proposed or final form in that fiscal year or thereafter. The Plan shall be approved personally by the agency head and shall contain at a minimum:

(A) A statement of the agency's regulatory objectives and priorities and how they relate to the President's priorities;

(B) A summary of each planned significant regulatory action including, to the extent possible, alternatives to be considered and preliminary estimates of the anticipated costs and benefits;

(C) A summary of the legal basis for each such action, including whether any aspect of the action is required by statute or court order;

(D) A statement of the need for each such action and, if applicable, how the action will reduce risks to public health, safety, or the environment, as well as how the magnitude of the risk addressed by the action relates to other risks within the jurisdiction of the agency;

(E) The agency's schedule for action, including a statement of any applicable statutory or judicial deadlines; and

(F) The name, address, and telephone number of a person the public may contact for additional information about the planned regulatory action.

(2) Each agency shall forward its Plan to OIRA by June 1st of each year.

(3) Within 10 calendar days after OIRA has received an agency's Plan, OIRA shall circulate it to other affected agencies, the Advisors, and the Vice President.

(4) An agency head who believes that a planned regulatory action of another agency may conflict with its own policy or action taken or planned shall promptly notify, in writing, the Administrator of OIRA, who shall forward that communication to the issuing agency, the Advisors, and the Vice President.

(5) If the Administrator of OIRA believes that a planned regulatory action of an agency may be inconsistent with the President's priorities or the principles set forth in this Executive order or may be in conflict with any policy or action taken or planned by another agency, the Administrator of OIRA shall promptly notify, in writing, the affected agencies, the Advisors, and the Vice President.

(6) The Vice President, with the Advisors' assistance, may consult with the heads of agencies with respect to their Plans and, in appropriate instances, request further consideration or inter-agency coordination.

(7) The Plans developed by the issuing agency shall be published annually in the October publication of the Unified Regulatory Agenda. This publication shall be made available to the Congress; State, local, and tribal governments; and the public. Any views on any aspect of any agency Plan, including whether any planned regulatory action might conflict with any other planned or existing regulation, impose any unintended consequences on the public, or confer any unclaimed benefits on the public, should be directed to the issuing agency, with a copy to OIRA.

(d) *Regulatory Working Group*. Within 30 days of the date of this Executive order, the Administrator of OIRA shall convene a Regulatory Working Group ("Working Group"), which shall consist of representatives of the heads of each agency that the Administrator determines to have significant domestic regulatory responsibility, the Advisors, and the Vice President. The Administrator of OIRA shall chair the Working Group and shall periodically advise the Vice President on the activities of the Working Group. The Working Group shall serve as a forum to assist agencies in identifying and analyzing important regulatory issues (including, among others (1) the development of innovative regulatory techniques, (2) the methods, efficacy, and utility of comparative risk assessment in regulatory decision-making, and (3) the development of short forms and other streamlined regulatory approaches for small businesses and other entities). The Working Group shall meet at least quarterly and may meet as a whole or in subgroups of agencies with an interest in particular issues or subject areas. To inform its discussions, the Working Group may commission analytical studies and reports by OIRA, the Administrative Conference of the United States, or any other agency.

(e) *Conferences*. The Administrator of OIRA shall meet quarterly with representatives of State, local, and tribal governments to identify both existing and proposed regulations that may uniquely or significantly affect those governmental entities. The Administrator of OIRA shall also convene, from time to time, conferences with representatives of businesses, nongovernmental organizations, and the public to discuss regulatory issues of common concern.

*Existing Regulations*. In order to reduce the regulatory burden on the American people, their families, their communities, their State, local, and tribal governments, and their industries; to determine whether regulations promulgated by the executive branch of the Federal Government have become unjustified or unnecessary as a result of changed circumstances; to confirm that regulations are both compatible with each other and not duplicative or inappropriately burdensome in the aggregate; to ensure that all regulations are consistent with the President's priorities and the principles set forth in this Executive order, within applicable law; and to otherwise improve the effectiveness of existing regulations: (a) Within 90 days of the date of this Executive order, each agency shall submit to OIRA a program, consistent with its resources and regulatory priorities, under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations to determine whether any such regulations should be modified or eliminated so as to make the agency's regulatory program more effective in achieving the regulatory objectives, less burdensome, or in greater alignment with the President's priorities and the principles set forth in this Executive order. Any significant regulations selected for review shall be included in the agency's annual Plan. The agency shall also identify any legislative mandates that require the agency to promulgate or continue to impose regulations that the agency believes are unnecessary or outdated by reason of changed circumstances.

(b) The Administrator of OIRA shall work with the Regulatory Working Group and other interested entities to pursue the objectives of this section. State, local, and tribal governments are specifically encouraged to assist in the identification of regulations that impose significant or unique burdens on those governmental entities and that appear to have outlived their justification or be otherwise inconsistent with the public interest.

(c) The Vice President, in consultation with the Advisors, may identify for review by the appropriate agency or agencies other existing regulations of an agency or groups of regulations of more than one agency that affect a particular group, industry, or sector of the economy, or may identify legislative mandates that may be appropriate for reconsideration by the Congress.

*Centralized Review of Regulations*. The guidelines set forth below shall apply to all regulatory actions, for both new and existing regulations, by agencies other than those agencies specifically exempted by the Administrator of OIRA:

(a) *Agency Responsibilities*. (1) Each agency shall (consistent with its own rules, regulations, or procedures) provide the public with meaningful participation in the regulatory process. In particular, before issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking, each agency should, where appropriate, seek the involvement of those who are intended to benefit from and those expected to be burdened by any regulation (including, specifically, State, local, and tribal officials). In addition, each agency should afford the public a meaningful opportunity to comment on any proposed regulation, which in most cases should include a comment period of not less than 60 days. Each agency also is directed to explore and, where appropriate, use consensual mechanisms for developing regulations, including negotiated rulemaking.

(2) Within 60 days of the date of this Executive order, each agency head shall designate a Regulatory Policy Officer who shall report to the agency head. The Regulatory Policy Officer shall be involved at each stage of the regulatory process to foster the development of effective, innovative, and least burdensome regulations and to further the principles set forth in this Executive order.

(3) In addition to adhering to its own rules and procedures and to the requirements of the Administrative Procedure Act [see Short Title note preceding section 551 of this title], the Regulatory Flexibility Act [5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.], the Paperwork Reduction Act [44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.], and other applicable law, each agency shall develop its regulatory actions in a timely fashion and adhere to the following procedures with respect to a regulatory action:

(A) Each agency shall provide OIRA, at such times and in the manner specified by the Administrator of OIRA, with a list of its planned regulatory actions, indicating those which the agency believes are significant regulatory actions within the meaning of this Executive order. Absent a material change in the development of the planned regulatory action, those not designated as significant will not be subject to review under this section unless, within 10 working days of receipt of the list, the Administrator of OIRA notifies the agency that OIRA has determined that a planned regulation is a significant regulatory action within the meaning of this Executive order. The Administrator of OIRA may waive review of any planned regulatory action designated by the agency as significant, in which case the agency need not further comply with subsection (a)(3)(B) or subsection (a)(3)(C) of this section.

(B) For each matter identified as, or determined by the Administrator of OIRA to be, a significant regulatory action, the issuing agency shall provide to OIRA:

(i) The text of the draft regulatory action, together with a reasonably detailed description of the need for the regulatory action and an explanation of how the regulatory action will meet that need; and

(ii) An assessment of the potential costs and benefits of the regulatory action, including an explanation of the manner in which the regulatory action is consistent with a statutory mandate and, to the extent permitted by law, promotes the President's priorities and avoids undue interference with State, local, and tribal governments in the exercise of their governmental functions.

(C) For those matters identified as, or determined by the Administrator of OIRA to be, a significant regulatory action within the scope of section 3(f)(1), the agency shall also provide to OIRA the following additional information developed as part of the agency's decision-making process (unless prohibited by law):

(i) An assessment, including the underlying analysis, of benefits anticipated from the regulatory action (such as, but not limited to, the promotion of the efficient functioning of the economy and private markets, the enhancement of health and safety, the protection of the natural environment, and the elimination or reduction of discrimination or bias) together with, to the extent feasible, a quantification of those benefits;

(ii) An assessment, including the underlying analysis, of costs anticipated from the regulatory action (such as, but not limited to, the direct cost both to the government in administering the regulation and to businesses and others in complying with the regulation, and any adverse effects on the efficient functioning of the economy, private markets (including productivity, employment, and competitiveness), health, safety, and the natural environment), together with, to the extent feasible, a quantification of those costs; and

(iii) An assessment, including the underlying analysis, of costs and benefits of potentially effective and reasonably feasible alternatives to the planned regulation, identified by the agencies or the public (including improving the current regulation and reasonably viable nonregulatory actions), and an explanation why the planned regulatory action is preferable to the identified potential alternatives.

(D) In emergency situations or when an agency is obligated by law to act more quickly than normal review procedures allow, the agency shall notify OIRA as soon as possible and, to the extent practicable, comply with subsections (a)(3)(B) and (C) of this section. For those regulatory actions that are governed by a statutory or court-imposed deadline, the agency shall, to the extent practicable, schedule rulemaking proceedings so as to permit sufficient time for OIRA to conduct its review, as set forth below in subsection (b)(2) through (4) of this section.

(E) After the regulatory action has been published in the Federal Register or otherwise issued to the public, the agency shall:

(i) Make available to the public the information set forth in subsections (a)(3)(B) and (C);

(ii) Identify for the public, in a complete, clear, and simple manner, the substantive changes between the draft submitted to OIRA for review and the action subsequently announced; and

(iii) Identify for the public those changes in the regulatory action that were made at the suggestion or recommendation of OIRA.

(F) All information provided to the public by the agency shall be in plain, understandable language.

(b) *OIRA Responsibilities*. The Administrator of OIRA shall provide meaningful guidance and oversight so that each agency's regulatory actions are consistent with applicable law, the President's priorities, and the principles set forth in this Executive order and do not conflict with the policies or actions of another agency. OIRA shall, to the extent permitted by law, adhere to the following guidelines:

(1) OIRA may review only actions identified by the agency or by OIRA as significant regulatory actions under subsection (a)(3)(A) of this section.

(2) OIRA shall waive review or notify the agency in writing of the results of its review within the following time periods:

(A) For any notices of inquiry, advance notices of proposed rulemaking, or other preliminary regulatory actions prior to a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, within 10 working days after the date of submission of the draft action to OIRA;

(B) For all other regulatory actions, within 90 calendar days after the date of submission of the information set forth in subsections (a)(3)(B) and (C) of this section, unless OIRA has previously reviewed this information and, since that review, there has been no material change in the facts and circumstances upon which the regulatory action is based, in which case, OIRA shall complete its review within 45 days; and

(C) The review process may be extended (1) once by no more than 30 calendar days upon the written approval of the Director and (2) at the request of the agency head.

(3) For each regulatory action that the Administrator of OIRA returns to an agency for further consideration of some or all of its provisions, the Administrator of OIRA shall provide the issuing agency a written explanation for such return, setting forth the pertinent provision of this Executive order on which OIRA is relying. If the agency head disagrees with some or all of the bases for the return, the agency head shall so inform the Administrator of OIRA in writing.

(4) Except as otherwise provided by law or required by a Court, in order to ensure greater openness, accessibility, and accountability in the regulatory review process, OIRA shall be governed by the following disclosure requirements:

(A) Only the Administrator of OIRA (or a particular designee) shall receive oral communications initiated by persons not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government regarding the substance of a regulatory action under OIRA review;

(B) All substantive communications between OIRA personnel and persons not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government regarding a regulatory action under review shall be governed by the following guidelines: (i) A representative from the issuing agency shall be invited to any meeting between OIRA personnel and such person(s);

(ii) OIRA shall forward to the issuing agency, within 10 working days of receipt of the communication(s), all written communications, regardless of format, between OIRA personnel and any person who is not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government, and the dates and names of individuals involved in all substantive oral communications (including meetings to which an agency representative was invited, but did not attend, and telephone conversations between OIRA personnel and any such persons); and

(iii) OIRA shall publicly disclose relevant information about such communication(s), as set forth below in subsection (b)(4)(C) of this section.

(C) OIRA shall maintain a publicly available log that shall contain, at a minimum, the following information pertinent to regulatory actions under review:

(i) The status of all regulatory actions, including if (and if so, when and by whom) Vice Presidential and Presidential consideration was requested;

(ii) A notation of all written communications forwarded to an issuing agency under subsection (b)(4)(B)(ii) of this section; and

(iii) The dates and names of individuals involved in all substantive oral communications, including meetings and telephone conversations, between OIRA personnel and any person not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government, and the subject matter discussed during such communications.

(D) After the regulatory action has been published in the Federal Register or otherwise issued to the public, or after the agency has announced its decision not to publish or issue the regulatory action, OIRA shall make available to the public all documents exchanged between OIRA and the agency during the review by OIRA under this section.

(5) All information provided to the public by OIRA shall be in plain, understandable language.

*Resolution of Conflicts*. To the extent permitted by law, disagreements or conflicts between or among agency heads or between OMB and any agency that cannot be resolved by the Administrator of OIRA shall be resolved by the President, or by the Vice President acting at the request of the President, with the relevant agency head (and, as appropriate, other interested government officials). Vice Presidential and Presidential consideration of such disagreements may be initiated only by the Director, by the head of the issuing agency, or by the head of an agency that has a significant interest in the regulatory action at issue. Such review will not be undertaken at the request of other persons, entities, or their agents.

Resolution of such conflicts shall be informed by recommendations developed by the Vice President, after consultation with the Advisors (and other executive branch officials or personnel whose responsibilities to the President include the subject matter at issue). The development of these recommendations shall be concluded within 60 days after review has been requested.

During the Vice Presidential and Presidential review period, communications with any person not employed by the Federal Government relating to the substance of the regulatory action under review and directed to the Advisors or their staffs or to the staff of the Vice President shall be in writing and shall be forwarded by the recipient to the affected agency(ies) for inclusion in the public docket(s). When the communication is not in writing, such Advisors or staff members shall inform the outside party that the matter is under review and that any comments should be submitted in writing.

At the end of this review process, the President, or the Vice President acting at the request of the President, shall notify the affected agency and the Administrator of OIRA of the President's decision with respect to the matter.

*Publication*. Except to the extent required by law, an agency shall not publish in the Federal Register or otherwise issue to the public any regulatory action that is subject to review under section 6 of this Executive order until (1) the Administrator of OIRA notifies the agency that OIRA has waived its review of the action or has completed its review without any requests for further consideration, or (2) the applicable time period in section 6(b)(2) expires without OIRA having notified the agency that it is returning the regulatory action for further consideration under section 6(b)(3), whichever occurs first. If the terms of the preceding sentence have not been satisfied and an agency wants to publish or otherwise issue a regulatory action, the head of that agency may request Presidential consideration through the Vice President, as provided under section 7 of this order. Upon receipt of this request, the Vice President shall notify OIRA and the Advisors. The guidelines and time period set forth in section 7 shall apply to the publication of regulatory actions for which Presidential consideration has been sought.

*Agency Authority*. Nothing in this order shall be construed as displacing the agencies' authority or responsibilities, as authorized by law.

*Judicial Review*. Nothing in this Executive order shall affect any otherwise available judicial review of agency action. This Executive order is intended only to improve the internal management of the Federal Government and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

*Revocations*. Executive Orders Nos. 12291 and 12498; all amendments to those Executive orders; all guidelines issued under those orders; and any exemptions from those orders heretofore granted for any category of rule are revoked.

[Section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13497, which revoked Ex. Ords. 13258 and 13422, was executed by undoing the amendments by those Ex. Ords. to Ex. Ord. 12866, set out above.]

Ex. Ord. No. 12875, Oct. 26, 1993, 58 F.R. 58093, which provided for the reduction of unfunded mandates on State, local, or tribal governments and increased flexibility for State and local waivers of statutory or regulatory requirements, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13132, §10(b), Aug. 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 43259, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 13083, May 14, 1998, 63 F.R. 27651, which listed fundamental federalism principles and federalism policymaking criteria to guide agencies in formulating and implementing policies and required agencies to have a process to permit State and local governments to provide input into the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications and to streamline the State and local government waiver process, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13132, §10(b), Aug. 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 43259, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 13095, Aug. 5, 1998, 63 F.R. 42565, which suspended Ex. Ord. No. 13083, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13132, §10(b), Aug. 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 43259, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 13107, Dec. 10, 1998, 63 F.R. 68991, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and bearing in mind the obligations of the United States pursuant to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD), and other relevant treaties concerned with the protection and promotion of human rights to which the United States is now or may become a party in the future, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Implementation of Human Rights Obligations*. (a) It shall be the policy and practice of the Government of the United States, being committed to the protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms, fully to respect and implement its obligations under the international human rights treaties to which it is a party, including the ICCPR, the CAT, and the CERD.

(b) It shall also be the policy and practice of the Government of the United States to promote respect for international human rights, both in our relationships with all other countries and by working with and strengthening the various international mechanisms for the promotion of human rights, including, *inter alia*, those of the United Nations, the International Labor Organization, and the Organization of American States.

*Responsibility of Executive Departments and Agencies*. (a) All executive departments and agencies (as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101–105, including boards and commissions, and hereinafter referred to collectively as "agency" or "agencies") shall maintain a current awareness of United States international human rights obligations that are relevant to their functions and shall perform such functions so as to respect and implement those obligations fully. The head of each agency shall designate a single contact officer who will be responsible for overall coordination of the implementation of this order. Under this order, all such agencies shall retain their established institutional roles in the implementation, interpretation, and enforcement of Federal law and policy.

(b) The heads of agencies shall have lead responsibility, in coordination with other appropriate agencies, for questions concerning implementation of human rights obligations that fall within their respective operating and program responsibilities and authorities or, to the extent that matters do not fall within the operating and program responsibilities and authorities of any agency, that most closely relate to their general areas of concern.

*Human Rights Inquiries and Complaints*. Each agency shall take lead responsibility, in coordination with other appropriate agencies, for responding to inquiries, requests for information, and complaints about violations of human rights obligations that fall within its areas of responsibility or, if the matter does not fall within its areas of responsibility, referring it to the appropriate agency for response.

*Interagency Working Group on Human Rights Treaties*. (a) There is hereby established an Interagency Working Group on Human Rights Treaties for the purpose of providing guidance, oversight, and coordination with respect to questions concerning the adherence to and implementation of human rights obligations and related matters.

(b) The designee of the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs shall chair the Interagency Working Group, which shall consist of appropriate policy and legal representatives at the Assistant Secretary level from the Department of State, the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor, the Department of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and other agencies as the chair deems appropriate. The principal members may designate alternates to attend meetings in their stead.

(c) The principal functions of the Interagency Working Group shall include:

(i) coordinating the interagency review of any significant issues concerning the implementation of this order and analysis and recommendations in connection with pursuing the ratification of human rights treaties, as such questions may from time to time arise;

(ii) coordinating the preparation of reports that are to be submitted by the United States in fulfillment of treaty obligations;

(iii) coordinating the responses of the United States Government to complaints against it concerning alleged human rights violations submitted to the United Nations, the Organization of American States, and other international organizations;

(iv) developing effective mechanisms to ensure that legislation proposed by the Administration is reviewed for conformity with international human rights obligations and that these obligations are taken into account in reviewing legislation under consideration by the Congress as well;

(v) developing recommended proposals and mechanisms for improving the monitoring of the actions by the various States, Commonwealths, and territories of the United States and, where appropriate, of Native Americans and Federally recognized Indian tribes, including the review of State, Commonwealth, and territorial laws for their conformity with relevant treaties, the provision of relevant information for reports and other monitoring purposes, and the promotion of effective remedial mechanisms;

(vi) developing plans for public outreach and education concerning the provisions of the ICCPR, CAT, CERD, and other relevant treaties, and human rights-related provisions of domestic law;

(vii) coordinating and directing an annual review of United States reservations, declarations, and understandings to human rights treaties, and matters as to which there have been nontrivial complaints or allegations of inconsistency with or breach of international human rights obligations, in order to determine whether there should be consideration of any modification of relevant reservations, declarations, and understandings to human rights treaties, or United States practices or laws. The results and recommendations of this review shall be reviewed by the head of each participating agency;

(viii) making such other recommendations as it shall deem appropriate to the President, through the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, concerning United States adherence to or implementation of human rights treaties and related matters; and

(ix) coordinating such other significant tasks in connection with human rights treaties or international human rights institutions, including the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Special Rapporteurs and complaints procedures established by the United Nations Human Rights Commission.

(d) The work of the Interagency Working Group shall not supplant the work of other interagency entities, including the President's Committee on the International Labor Organization, that address international human rights issues.

*Cooperation Among Executive Departments and Agencies*. All agencies shall cooperate in carrying out the provisions of this order. The Interagency Working Group shall facilitate such cooperative measures.

*Judicial Review, Scope, and Administration*. (a) Nothing in this order shall create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

(b) This order does not supersede Federal statutes and does not impose any justiciable obligations on the executive branch.

(c) The term "treaty obligations" shall mean treaty obligations as approved by the Senate pursuant to Article II, section 2, clause 2 of the United States Constitution.

(d) To the maximum extent practicable and subject to the availability of appropriations, agencies shall carry out the provisions of this order.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13132, Aug. 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 43255, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to guarantee the division of governmental responsibilities between the national government and the States that was intended by the Framers of the Constitution, to ensure that the principles of federalism established by the Framers guide the executive departments and agencies in the formulation and implementation of policies, and to further the policies of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act [of 1995, Pub. L. 104–4, see Tables for classification], it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) "Policies that have federalism implications" refers to regulations, legislative comments or proposed legislation, and other policy statements or actions that have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

(b) "State" or "States" refer to the States of the United States of America, individually or collectively, and, where relevant, to State governments, including units of local government and other political subdivisions established by the States.

(c) "Agency" means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(d) "State and local officials" means elected officials of State and local governments or their representative national organizations.

*Fundamental Federalism Principles*. In formulating and implementing policies that have federalism implications, agencies shall be guided by the following fundamental federalism principles:

(a) Federalism is rooted in the belief that issues that are not national in scope or significance are most appropriately addressed by the level of government closest to the people.

(b) The people of the States created the national government and delegated to it enumerated governmental powers. All other sovereign powers, save those expressly prohibited the States by the Constitution, are reserved to the States or to the people.

(c) The constitutional relationship among sovereign governments, State and national, is inherent in the very structure of the Constitution and is formalized in and protected by the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution.

(d) The people of the States are free, subject only to restrictions in the Constitution itself or in constitutionally authorized Acts of Congress, to define the moral, political, and legal character of their lives.

(e) The Framers recognized that the States possess unique authorities, qualities, and abilities to meet the needs of the people and should function as laboratories of democracy.

(f) The nature of our constitutional system encourages a healthy diversity in the public policies adopted by the people of the several States according to their own conditions, needs, and desires. In the search for enlightened public policy, individual States and communities are free to experiment with a variety of approaches to public issues. One-size-fits-all approaches to public policy problems can inhibit the creation of effective solutions to those problems.

(g) Acts of the national government—whether legislative, executive, or judicial in nature—that exceed the enumerated powers of that government under the Constitution violate the principle of federalism established by the Framers.

(h) Policies of the national government should recognize the responsibility of—and should encourage opportunities for—individuals, families, neighborhoods, local governments, and private associations to achieve their personal, social, and economic objectives through cooperative effort.

(i) The national government should be deferential to the States when taking action that affects the policymaking discretion of the States and should act only with the greatest caution where State or local governments have identified uncertainties regarding the constitutional or statutory authority of the national government.

*Federalism Policymaking Criteria*. In addition to adhering to the fundamental federalism principles set forth in section 2, agencies shall adhere, to the extent permitted by law, to the following criteria when formulating and implementing policies that have federalism implications:

(a) There shall be strict adherence to constitutional principles. Agencies shall closely examine the constitutional and statutory authority supporting any action that would limit the policymaking discretion of the States and shall carefully assess the necessity for such action. To the extent practicable, State and local officials shall be consulted before any such action is implemented. Executive Order 12372 of July 14, 1982 ("Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs") [31 U.S.C. 6506 note] remains in effect for the programs and activities to which it is applicable.

(b) National action limiting the policymaking discretion of the States shall be taken only where there is constitutional and statutory authority for the action and the national activity is appropriate in light of the presence of a problem of national significance. Where there are significant uncertainties as to whether national action is authorized or appropriate, agencies shall consult with appropriate State and local officials to determine whether Federal objectives can be attained by other means.

(c) With respect to Federal statutes and regulations administered by the States, the national government shall grant the States the maximum administrative discretion possible. Intrusive Federal oversight of State administration is neither necessary nor desirable.

(d) When undertaking to formulate and implement policies that have federalism implications, agencies shall:

(1) encourage States to develop their own policies to achieve program objectives and to work with appropriate officials in other States;

(2) where possible, defer to the States to establish standards;

(3) in determining whether to establish uniform national standards, consult with appropriate State and local officials as to the need for national standards and any alternatives that would limit the scope of national standards or otherwise preserve State prerogatives and authority; and

(4) where national standards are required by Federal statutes, consult with appropriate State and local officials in developing those standards.

*Special Requirements for Preemption*. Agencies, in taking action that preempts State law, shall act in strict accordance with governing law.

(a) Agencies shall construe, in regulations and otherwise, a Federal statute to preempt State law only where the statute contains an express preemption provision or there is some other clear evidence that the Congress intended preemption of State law, or where the exercise of State authority conflicts with the exercise of Federal authority under the Federal statute.

(b) Where a Federal statute does not preempt State law (as addressed in subsection (a) of this section), agencies shall construe any authorization in the statute for the issuance of regulations as authorizing preemption of State law by rulemaking only when the exercise of State authority directly conflicts with the exercise of Federal authority under the Federal statute or there is clear evidence to conclude that the Congress intended the agency to have the authority to preempt State law.

(c) Any regulatory preemption of State law shall be restricted to the minimum level necessary to achieve the objectives of the statute pursuant to which the regulations are promulgated.

(d) When an agency foresees the possibility of a conflict between State law and Federally protected interests within its area of regulatory responsibility, the agency shall consult, to the extent practicable, with appropriate State and local officials in an effort to avoid such a conflict.

(e) When an agency proposes to act through adjudication or rulemaking to preempt State law, the agency shall provide all affected State and local officials notice and an opportunity for appropriate participation in the proceedings.

*Special Requirements for Legislative Proposals*. Agencies shall not submit to the Congress legislation that would:

(a) directly regulate the States in ways that would either interfere with functions essential to the States' separate and independent existence or be inconsistent with the fundamental federalism principles in section 2;

(b) attach to Federal grants conditions that are not reasonably related to the purpose of the grant; or

(c) preempt State law, unless preemption is consistent with the fundamental federalism principles set forth in section 2, and unless a clearly legitimate national purpose, consistent with the federalism policymaking criteria set forth in section 3, cannot otherwise be met.

*Consultation.*

(a) Each agency shall have an accountable process to ensure meaningful and timely input by State and local officials in the development of regulatory policies that have federalism implications. Within 90 days after the effective date of this order, the head of each agency shall designate an official with principal responsibility for the agency's implementation of this order and that designated official shall submit to the Office of Management and Budget a description of the agency's consultation process.

(b) To the extent practicable and permitted by law, no agency shall promulgate any regulation that has federalism implications, that imposes substantial direct compliance costs on State and local governments, and that is not required by statute, unless:

(1) funds necessary to pay the direct costs incurred by the State and local governments in complying with the regulation are provided by the Federal Government; or

(2) the agency, prior to the formal promulgation of the regulation,

(A) consulted with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed regulation;

(B) in a separately identified portion of the preamble to the regulation as it is to be issued in the Federal Register, provides to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget a federalism summary impact statement, which consists of a description of the extent of the agency's prior consultation with State and local officials, a summary of the nature of their concerns and the agency's position supporting the need to issue the regulation, and a statement of the extent to which the concerns of State and local officials have been met; and

(C) makes available to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget any written communications submitted to the agency by State and local officials.

(c) To the extent practicable and permitted by law, no agency shall promulgate any regulation that has federalism implications and that preempts State law, unless the agency, prior to the formal promulgation of the regulation,

(1) consulted with State and local officials early in the process of developing the proposed regulation;

(2) in a separately identified portion of the preamble to the regulation as it is to be issued in the Federal Register, provides to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget a federalism summary impact statement, which consists of a description of the extent of the agency's prior consultation with State and local officials, a summary of the nature of their concerns and the agency's position supporting the need to issue the regulation, and a statement of the extent to which the concerns of State and local officials have been met; and

(3) makes available to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget any written communications submitted to the agency by State and local officials.

*Increasing Flexibility for State and Local Waivers.*

(a) Agencies shall review the processes under which State and local governments apply for waivers of statutory and regulatory requirements and take appropriate steps to streamline those processes.

(b) Each agency shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law, consider any application by a State for a waiver of statutory or regulatory requirements in connection with any program administered by that agency with a general view toward increasing opportunities for utilizing flexible policy approaches at the State or local level in cases in which the proposed waiver is consistent with applicable Federal policy objectives and is otherwise appropriate.

(c) Each agency shall, to the extent practicable and permitted by law, render a decision upon a complete application for a waiver within 120 days of receipt of such application by the agency. If the application for a waiver is not granted, the agency shall provide the applicant with timely written notice of the decision and the reasons therefor.

(d) This section applies only to statutory or regulatory requirements that are discretionary and subject to waiver by the agency.

*Accountability.*

(a) In transmitting any draft final regulation that has federalism implications to the Office of Management and Budget pursuant to Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 [set out above], each agency shall include a certification from the official designated to ensure compliance with this order stating that the requirements of this order have been met in a meaningful and timely manner.

(b) In transmitting proposed legislation that has federalism implications to the Office of Management and Budget, each agency shall include a certification from the official designated to ensure compliance with this order that all relevant requirements of this order have been met.

(c) Within 180 days after the effective date of this order, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and the Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs shall confer with State and local officials to ensure that this order is being properly and effectively implemented.

*Independent Agencies*. Independent regulatory agencies are encouraged to comply with the provisions of this order.

*General Provisions.*

(a) This order shall supplement but not supersede the requirements contained in Executive Order 12372 ("Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs") [31 U.S.C. 6506 note], Executive Order 12866 ("Regulatory Planning and Review") [set out above], Executive Order 12988 ("Civil Justice Reform" [28 U.S.C. 519 note]), and OMB Circular A–19.

(b) Executive Order 12612 ("Federalism"), Executive Order 12875 ("Enhancing the Intergovernmental Partnership"), Executive Order 13083 ("Federalism"), and Executive Order 13095 ("Suspension of Executive Order 13083") are revoked.

(c) This order shall be effective 90 days after the date of this order.

*Judicial Review*. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch, and is not intended to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13198, Jan. 29, 2001, 66 F.R. 8497, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13831, §2(a), May 3, 2018, 83 F.R. 20715; Ex. Ord. No. 14015, §5(a), Feb. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 10008, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to help the Federal Government coordinate a national effort to expand opportunities for faith-based and other community organizations and to strengthen their capacity to better meet social needs in America's communities, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of Executive Department Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. (a) The Attorney General, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development shall each establish within their respective departments a Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (Center).

(b) Each executive department Center shall be supervised by a Director, appointed by the department head in consultation with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships).

(c) Each department shall provide its Center with appropriate staff, administrative support, and other resources to meet its responsibilities under this order.

(d) Each department's Center shall begin operations no later than 45 days from the date of this order.

*Purpose of Executive Department Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. The purpose of the executive department Centers will be to coordinate department efforts to eliminate regulatory, contracting, and other programmatic obstacles to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the provision of social services.

*Responsibilities of Executive Department Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. Each Center shall, to the extent permitted by law: (a) conduct, in coordination with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, a department-wide audit to identify all existing barriers to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social services by the department, including but not limited to regulations, rules, orders, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities that either facially discriminate against or otherwise discourage or disadvantage the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal programs;

(b) coordinate a comprehensive departmental effort to incorporate faith-based and other community organizations in department programs and initiatives to the greatest extent possible;

(c) propose initiatives to remove barriers identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order, including but not limited to reform of regulations, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities;

(d) propose the development of innovative pilot and demonstration programs to increase the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal as well as State and local initiatives; and

(e) develop and coordinate department outreach efforts to disseminate information more effectively to faith-based and other community organizations with respect to programming changes, contracting opportunities, and other department initiatives, including but not limited to Web and Internet resources.

*Additional Responsibilities of the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Labor Centers*. In addition to those responsibilities described in section 3 of this order, the Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Labor Centers shall, to the extent permitted by law: (a) conduct a comprehensive review of policies and practices affecting existing funding streams governed by so-called "Charitable Choice" legislation to assess the department's compliance with the requirements of Charitable Choice; and (b) promote and ensure compliance with existing Charitable Choice legislation by the department, as well as its partners in State and local government, and their contractors.

*Reporting Requirements*. (a) Report. Not later than 180 days after the date of this order and annually thereafter, each of the five executive department Centers described in section 1 of this order shall prepare and submit a report to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.

(b) Contents. The report shall include a description of the department's efforts in carrying out its responsibilities under this order, including but not limited to:

(1) a comprehensive analysis of the barriers to the full participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social services identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order and the proposed strategies to eliminate those barriers; and

(2) a summary of the technical assistance and other information that will be available to faith-based and other community organizations regarding the program activities of the department and the preparation of applications or proposals for grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and procurement.

(c) Performance Indicators. The first report, filed 180 days after the date of this order, shall include annual performance indicators and measurable objectives for department action. Each report filed thereafter shall measure the department's performance against the objectives set forth in the initial report.

*Responsibilities of All Executive Departments and Agencies*. All executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall: (a) designate an agency employee to serve as the liaison and point of contact with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships; and

(b) cooperate with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships and provide such information, support, and assistance to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships as it may request, to the extent permitted by law.

*Administration and Judicial Review*. (a) The agencies' actions directed by this Executive Order shall be carried out subject to the availability of appropriations and to the extent permitted by law.

(b) This order does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13272, Aug. 13, 2002, 67 F.R. 53461, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*General Requirements*. Each agency shall establish procedures and policies to promote compliance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. 601 *et seq*.) (the "Act"). Agencies shall thoroughly review draft rules to assess and take appropriate account of the potential impact on small businesses, small governmental jurisdictions, and small organizations, as provided by the Act. The Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration (Advocacy) shall remain available to advise agencies in performing that review consistent with the provisions of the Act.

*Responsibilities of Advocacy*. Consistent with the requirements of the Act, other applicable law, and Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993, as amended [set out above], Advocacy:

(a) shall notify agency heads from time to time of the requirements of the Act, including by issuing notifications with respect to the basic requirements of the Act within 90 days of the date of this order;

(b) shall provide training to agencies on compliance with the Act; and

(c) may provide comment on draft rules to the agency that has proposed or intends to propose the rules and to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget (OIRA).

*Responsibilities of Federal Agencies*. Consistent with the requirements of the Act and applicable law, agencies shall:

(a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, issue written procedures and policies, consistent with the Act, to ensure that the potential impacts of agencies' draft rules on small businesses, small governmental jurisdictions, and small organizations are properly considered during the rulemaking process. Agency heads shall submit, no later than 90 days from the date of this order, their written procedures and policies to Advocacy for comment. Prior to issuing final procedures and policies, agencies shall consider any such comments received within 60 days from the date of the submission of the agencies' procedures and policies to Advocacy. Except to the extent otherwise specifically provided by statute or Executive Order, agencies shall make the final procedures and policies available to the public through the Internet or other easily accessible means;

(b) Notify Advocacy of any draft rules that may have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Act. Such notifications shall be made (i) when the agency submits a draft rule to OIRA under Executive Order 12866 [set out above] if that order requires such submission, or (ii) if no submission to OIRA is so required, at a reasonable time prior to publication of the rule by the agency; and

(c) Give every appropriate consideration to any comments provided by Advocacy regarding a draft rule. Consistent with applicable law and appropriate protection of executive deliberations and legal privileges, an agency shall include, in any explanation or discussion accompanying publication in the Federal Register of a final rule, the agency's response to any written comments submitted by Advocacy on the proposed rule that preceded the final rule; provided, however, that such inclusion is not required if the head of the agency certifies that the public interest is not served thereby. Agencies and Advocacy may, to the extent permitted by law, engage in an exchange of data and research, as appropriate, to foster the purposes of the Act.

*Definitions*. Terms defined in section 601 of title 5, United States Code, including the term "agency," shall have the same meaning in this order.

*Preservation of Authority*. Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or affect the authority of the Administrator of the Small Business Administration to supervise the Small Business Administration as provided in the first sentence of section 2(b)(1) of Public Law 85–09536 [Pub. L. 85–536] (15 U.S.C. 633(b)(1)).

*Reporting*. For the purpose of promoting compliance with this order, Advocacy shall submit a report not less than annually to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget on the extent of compliance with this order by agencies.

*Confidentiality*. Consistent with existing law, Advocacy may publicly disclose information that it receives from the agencies in the course of carrying out this order only to the extent that such information already has been lawfully and publicly disclosed by OIRA or the relevant rulemaking agency.

*Judicial Review*. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the Federal Government. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity, against the United States, its departments, agencies, or other entities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13279, Dec. 12, 2002, 67 F.R. 77141, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13403, §2, May 12, 2006, 71 F.R. 28543; Ex. Ord. No. 13559, Nov. 17, 2010, 75 F.R. 71319; Ex. Ord. No. 13831, §2, May 3, 2018, 83 F.R. 20715; Ex. Ord. No. 14015, §5(a), Feb. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 10008, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 121(a) of title 40, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and in order to guide Federal agencies in formulating and developing policies with implications for faith-based organizations and other other [sic] neighborhood organizations, to ensure equal protection of the laws for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations, to further the national effort to expand opportunities for, and strengthen the capacity of, faith-based and other other [sic] neighborhood organizations so that they may better meet social needs in America's communities, and to ensure the economical and efficient administration and completion of Government contracts, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) "Federal financial assistance" means assistance that non-Federal entities receive or administer in the form of grants, contracts, loans, loan guarantees, property, cooperative agreements, food commodities, direct appropriations, or other assistance, but does not include a tax credit, deduction, or exemption.

(b) "Social service program" means a program that is administered by the Federal Government, or by a State or local government using Federal financial assistance, and that provides services directed at reducing poverty, improving opportunities for low-income children, revitalizing low-income communities, empowering low-income families and low-income individuals to become self-sufficient, or otherwise helping people in need. Such programs include, but are not limited to, the following:

(i) child care services, protective services for children and adults, services for children and adults in foster care, adoption services, services related to the management and maintenance of the home, day care services for adults, and services to meet the special needs of children, older individuals, and individuals with disabilities (including physical, mental, or emotional disabilities);

(ii) transportation services;

(iii) job training and related services, and employment services;

(iv) information, referral, and counseling services;

(v) the preparation and delivery of meals and services related to soup kitchens or food banks;

(vi) health support services;

(vii) literacy and mentoring programs;

(viii) services for the prevention and treatment of juvenile delinquency and substance abuse, services for the prevention of crime and the provision of assistance to the victims and the families of criminal offenders, and services related to intervention in, and prevention of, domestic violence; and

(ix) services related to the provision of assistance for housing under Federal law.

(c) "Policies that have implications for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations" refers to all policies, programs, and regulations, including official guidance and internal agency procedures, that have significant effects on faith-based organizations participating in or seeking to participate in social service programs supported with Federal financial assistance.

(d) "Agency" means a department or agency in the executive branch.

(e) "Specified agency heads" means:

(i) the Attorney General;

(ii) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(iii) the Secretary of Commerce;

(iv) the Secretary of Labor;

(v) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

(vi) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;

(vii) the Secretary of Education;

(viii) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs;

(ix) the Secretary of Homeland Security;

(x) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(xi) the Administrator of the Small Business Administration;

(xii) the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development; and

(xiii) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service.

*Fundamental Principles*. In formulating and implementing policies that have implications for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations, agencies that administer social service programs or that support (including through prime awards or sub-awards) social service programs with Federal financial assistance shall, to the extent permitted by law, be guided by the following fundamental principles:

(a) Federal financial assistance for social service programs should be distributed in the most effective and efficient manner possible.

(b) The Nation's social service capacity will benefit if all eligible organizations, including faith-based and other neighborhood organizations, are able to compete on an equal footing for Federal financial assistance used to support social service programs.

(c) No organization should be discriminated against on the basis of religion or religious belief in the administration or distribution of Federal financial assistance under social service programs.

(d) All organizations that receive Federal financial assistance under social service programs should be prohibited from discriminating against beneficiaries or prospective beneficiaries of the social service programs on the basis of religion or religious belief. Accordingly, organizations, in providing services supported in whole or in part with Federal financial assistance, and in their outreach activities related to such services, should not be allowed to discriminate against current or prospective program beneficiaries on the basis of religion, a religious belief, a refusal to hold a religious belief, or a refusal to attend or participate in a religious practice.

(e) The Federal Government must implement Federal programs in accordance with the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, as well as other applicable law, and must monitor and enforce standards regarding the relationship between religion and government in ways that avoid excessive entanglement between religious bodies and governmental entities.

(f) Organizations that engage in explicitly religious activities (including activities that involve overt religious content such as worship, religious instruction, or proselytization) must perform such activities and offer such services outside of programs that are supported with direct Federal financial assistance (including through prime awards or sub-awards), separately in time or location from any such programs or services supported with direct Federal financial assistance, and participation in any such explicitly religious activities must be voluntary for the beneficiaries of the social service program supported with such Federal financial assistance.

(g) Faith-based organizations should be eligible to compete for Federal financial assistance used to support social service programs and to participate fully in the social service programs supported with Federal financial assistance without impairing their independence, autonomy, expression outside the programs in question, or religious character. Accordingly, a faith-based organization that applies for, or participates in, a social service program supported with Federal financial assistance may retain its independence and may continue to carry out its mission, including the definition, development, practice, and expression of its religious beliefs, provided that it does not use direct Federal financial assistance that it receives (including through a prime award or sub-award) to support or engage in any explicitly religious activities (including activities that involve overt religious content such as worship, religious instruction, or proselytization), or in any other manner prohibited by law. Among other things, faith-based organizations that receive Federal financial assistance may use their facilities to provide social services supported with Federal financial assistance, without removing or altering religious art, icons, scriptures, or other symbols from these facilities. In addition, a faith-based organization that applies for, or participates in, a social service program supported with Federal financial assistance may retain religious terms in its name, select its board members on a religious basis, and include religious references in its organization's mission statements and other chartering or governing documents.

(h) To promote transparency and accountability, agencies that provide Federal financial assistance for social service programs shall post online, in an easily accessible manner, regulations, guidance documents, and policies that reflect or elaborate upon the fundamental principles described in this section. Agencies shall also post online a list of entities that receive Federal financial assistance for provision of social service programs, consistent with law and pursuant to guidance set forth in paragraph (c) of section 3 of this order.

(i) Decisions about awards of Federal financial assistance must be free from political interference or even the appearance of such interference and must be made on the basis of merit, not on the basis of the religious affiliation of a recipient organization or lack thereof.

*Ensuring Uniform Implementation Across the Federal Government*. In order to promote uniformity in agencies' policies that have implications for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations and in related guidance, and to ensure that those policies and guidance are consistent with the fundamental principles set forth in section 2 of this order, there is established an Interagency Working Group on Faith-Based and Other Neighborhood Partnerships (Working Group).

(a) *Mission and Function of the Working Group*. The Working Group shall meet periodically to review and evaluate existing agency regulations, guidance documents, and policies that have implications for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations. Where appropriate, specified agency heads shall, to the extent permitted by law, amend all such existing policies of their respective agencies to ensure that they are consistent with the fundamental principles set forth in section 2 of this order.

(b) *Uniform Agency Implementation*. Within 120 days of the date of this order, the Working Group shall submit a report to the President on amendments, changes, or additions that are necessary to ensure that regulations and guidance documents associated with the distribution of Federal financial assistance for social service programs are consistent with the fundamental principles set forth in section 2 of this order. The Working Group's report should include, but not be limited to, a model set of regulations and guidance documents for agencies to adopt in the following areas:

(i) prohibited uses of direct Federal financial assistance and separation requirements; (ii) protections for religious identity; (iii) the distinction between "direct" and "indirect" Federal financial assistance; (iv) protections for beneficiaries of social service programs; (v) transparency requirements, consistent with and in furtherance of existing open government initiatives; (vi) obligations of nongovernmental and governmental intermediaries; (vii) instructions for peer reviewers and those who recruit peer reviewers; and (viii) training on these matters for government employees and for Federal, State, and local governmental and nongovernmental organizations that receive Federal financial assistance under social service programs. In developing this report and in reviewing agency regulations and guidance for consistency with section 2 of this order, the Working Group shall consult the March 2010 report and recommendations prepared by the President's Advisory Council on Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships on the topic of reforming the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.

(c) *Guidance*. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), following receipt of a copy of the report of the Working Group, and in coordination with the Department of Justice, shall issue guidance to agencies on the implementation of this order, including in particular subsections 2(h)–(j).

(d) *Membership of the Working Group*. The Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships and a senior official from the OMB designated by the Director of the OMB shall serve as the Co-Chairs of the Working Group. The Co-Chairs shall convene regular meetings of the Working Group, determine its agenda, and direct its work. In addition to the Co-Chairs, the Working Group shall consist of a senior official with knowledge of policies that have implications for faith-based and other neighborhood organizations from the following agencies and offices:

(i) the Department of State;

(ii) the Department of Justice;

(iii) the Department of the Interior;

(iv) the Department of Agriculture;

(v) the Department of Commerce;

(vi) the Department of Labor;

(vii) the Department of Health and Human Services;

(viii) the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(ix) the Department of Education;

(x) the Department of Veterans Affairs;

(xi) the Department of Homeland Security;

(xii) the Environmental Protection Agency;

(xiii) the Small Business Administration;

(xiv) the United States Agency for International Development;

(xv) the Corporation for National and Community Service; and

(xvi) other agencies and offices as the President, from time to time, may designate.

(e) *Administration of the Initiative*. The Department of Health and Human Services shall provide funding and administrative support for the Working Group to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations.

*Amendment of Executive Order 11246.*

Pursuant to section 121(a) of title 40, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and in order to further the strong Federal interest in ensuring that the cost and progress of Federal procurement contracts are not adversely affected by an artificial restriction of the labor pool caused by the unwarranted exclusion of faith-based organizations from such contracts, section 204 of Executive Order 11246 of September 24, 1965, as amended, [42 U.S.C. 2000e note] is hereby further amended to read as follows:

"SEC. 204 (a) The Secretary of Labor may, when the Secretary deems that special circumstances in the national interest so require, exempt a contracting agency from the requirement of including any or all of the provisions of Section 202 of this Order in any specific contract, subcontract, or purchase order.

(b) The Secretary of Labor may, by rule or regulation, exempt certain classes of contracts, subcontracts, or purchase orders (1) whenever work is to be or has been performed outside the United States and no recruitment of workers within the limits of the United States is involved; (2) for standard commercial supplies or raw materials; (3) involving less than specified amounts of money or specified numbers of workers; or (4) to the extent that they involve subcontracts below a specified tier.

(c) Section 202 of this Order shall not apply to a Government contractor or subcontractor that is a religious corporation, association, educational institution, or society, with respect to the employment of individuals of a particular religion to perform work connected with the carrying on by such corporation, association, educational institution, or society of its activities. Such contractors and subcontractors are not exempted or excused from complying with the other requirements contained in this Order.

(d) The Secretary of Labor may also provide, by rule, regulation, or order, for the exemption of facilities of a contractor that are in all respects separate and distinct from activities of the contractor related to the performance of the contract: provided, that such an exemption will not interfere with or impede the effectuation of the purposes of this Order: and provided further, that in the absence of such an exemption all facilities shall be covered by the provisions of this Order."

*General Provisions.*

(a) This order supplements but does not supersede the requirements contained in Executive Orders 13198 [set out above] and 13199 [3 U.S.C. note prec. 101] of January 29, 2001.

(b) The agencies shall coordinate with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships concerning the implementation of this order.

(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to require an agency to take any action that would impair the conduct of foreign affairs or the national security.

*Responsibilities of Executive Departments and Agencies*. All executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall:

(a) designate an agency employee to serve as the liaison and point of contact with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships; and

(b) cooperate with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships and provide such information, support, and assistance to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships as it may request, to the extent permitted by law.

*Judicial Review.*

This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch, and it is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies, or entities, its officers, employees or agents, or any person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13280, Dec. 12, 2002, 67 F.R. 77145, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13831, §2(a), May 3, 2018, 83 F.R. 20715; Ex. Ord. No. 14015, §5(a), Feb. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 10008, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to help the Federal Government coordinate a national effort to expand opportunities for faith-based and other community organizations and to strengthen their capacity to better meet social needs in America's communities, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships at the Department of Agriculture and the Agency for International Development*. (a) The Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development shall each establish within their respective agencies a Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (Center).

(b) Each of these Centers shall be supervised by a Director, appointed by the agency head in consultation with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships).

(c) Each agency shall provide its Center with appropriate staff, administrative support, and other resources to meet its responsibilities under this order.

(d) Each Center shall begin operations no later than 45 days from the date of this order.

*Purpose of Executive Branch Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. The purpose of the agency Centers will be to coordinate agency efforts to eliminate regulatory, contracting, and other programmatic obstacles to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the provision of social services.

*Responsibilities of the Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. Each Center shall, to the extent permitted by law:

(a) conduct, in coordination with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, an agency-wide audit to identify all existing barriers to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social services by the agency, including but not limited to regulations, rules, orders, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities that either facially discriminate against or otherwise discourage or disadvantage the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal programs;

(b) coordinate a comprehensive agency effort to incorporate faith-based and other community organizations in agency programs and initiatives to the greatest extent possible;

(c) propose initiatives to remove barriers identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order, including but not limited to reform of regulations, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities;

(d) propose the development of innovative pilot and demonstration programs to increase the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal as well as State and local initiatives; and

(e) develop and coordinate agency outreach efforts to disseminate information more effectively to faith-based and other community organizations with respect to programming changes, contracting opportunities, and other agency initiatives, including but not limited to Web and Internet resources.

*Reporting Requirements.*

(a) *Report*. Not later than 180 days from the date of this order and annually thereafter, each of the two Centers described in section 1 of this order shall prepare and submit a report to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.

(b) *Contents*. The report shall include a description of the agency's efforts in carrying out its responsibilities under this order, including but not limited to:

(i) a comprehensive analysis of the barriers to the full participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social services identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order and the proposed strategies to eliminate those barriers; and

(ii) a summary of the technical assistance and other information that will be available to faith-based and other community organizations regarding the program activities of the agency and the preparation of applications or proposals for grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and procurement.

(c) *Performance Indicators*. The first report, filed 180 days after the date of this order, shall include annual performance indicators and measurable objectives for agency action. Each report filed thereafter shall measure the agency's performance against the objectives set forth in the initial report.

*Responsibilities of the Secretary of Agriculture and the Administrator of the Agency for International Development*. The Secretary and the Administrator shall:

(a) designate an employee within their respective agencies to serve as the liaison and point of contact with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships; and

(b) cooperate with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships and provide such information, support, and assistance to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships as it may request, to the extent permitted by law.

*Administration and Judicial Review*. (a) The agency actions directed by this executive order shall be carried out subject to the availability of appropriations and to the extent permitted by law.

(b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or equity by a party against the United States, its agencies, or entities, its officers, employees or agents, or any other person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13342, June 1, 2004, 69 F.R. 31509, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13831, §2(a), May 3, 2018, 83 F.R. 20715; Ex. Ord. No. 14015, §5(a), Feb. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 10008, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to help the Federal Government coordinate a national effort to expand opportunities for faith-based and other community organizations and to strengthen their capacity to better meet America's social and community needs, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships at the Departments of Commerce and Veterans Affairs and the Small Business Administration.*

(a) The Secretaries of Commerce and Veterans Affairs and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration shall each establish within their respective agencies a Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (Center).

(b) Each of these Centers shall be supervised by a Director, appointed by the agency head in consultation with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships).

(c) Each agency shall provide its Center with appropriate staff, administrative support, and other resources to meet its responsibilities under this order.

(d) Each Center shall begin operations no later than 45 days from the date of this order.

*Purpose of Executive Branch Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. The purpose of the agency Centers will be to coordinate agency efforts to eliminate regulatory, contracting, and other programmatic obstacles to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the provision of social and community services.

*Responsibilities of the Centers for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. Each Center shall, to the extent permitted by law:

(a) conduct, in coordination with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, an agency-wide audit to identify all existing barriers to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social and community services by the agency, including but not limited to regulations, rules, orders, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities that either facially discriminate against or otherwise discourage or disadvantage the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal programs;

(b) coordinate a comprehensive agency effort to incorporate faith-based and other community organizations in agency programs and initiatives to the greatest extent possible;

(c) propose initiatives to remove barriers identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order, including but not limited to reform of regulations, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities;

(d) propose the development of innovative pilot and demonstration programs to increase the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal as well as State and local initiatives; and

(e) develop and coordinate agency outreach efforts to disseminate information more effectively to faith-based and other community organizations with respect to programming changes, contracting opportunities, and other agency initiatives, including but not limited to Web and Internet resources.

*Reporting Requirements*. (a) *Report*. Not later than 180 days from the date of this order and annually thereafter, each of the three Centers described in section 1 of this order shall prepare and submit a report to the President through the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships.

(b) *Contents*. The report shall include a description of the agency's efforts in carrying out its responsibilities under this order, including but not limited to:

(i) a comprehensive analysis of the barriers to the full participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social and community services identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order and the proposed strategies to eliminate those barriers; and

(ii) a summary of the technical assistance and other information that will be available to faith-based and other community organizations regarding the program activities of the agency and the preparation of applications or proposals for grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and procurement.

(c) *Performance Indicators*. The first report, filed pursuant to section 4(a) of this order, shall include annual performance indicators and measurable objectives for agency action. Each report filed thereafter shall measure the agency's performance against the objectives set forth in the initial report.

*Responsibilities of the Secretaries of Commerce and Veterans Affairs and the Administrator of the Small Business Administration*. The Secretaries and the Administrator shall:

(a) designate an employee within their respective agencies to serve as the liaison and point of contact with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships; and

(b) cooperate with the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships and provide such information, support, and assistance to the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships as it may request, to the extent permitted by law.

*Administration and Judicial Review*. (a) The agency actions directed by this executive order shall be carried out subject to the availability of appropriations and to the extent permitted by law.

(b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its departments, agencies, instrumentalities or entities, its officers, employees or agents, or any other person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13397, Mar. 7, 2006, 71 F.R. 12275, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13831, §2(a), May 3, 2018, 83 F.R. 20715; Ex. Ord. No. 14015, §5, Feb. 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 10008, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to help the Federal Government coordinate a national effort to expand opportunities for faith-based and other community organizations and to strengthen their capacity to better meet America's social and community needs, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of a Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships at the Department of Homeland Security.*

(a) The Secretary of Homeland Security (Secretary) shall establish within the Department of Homeland Security (Department) a Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (Center).

(b) The Center shall be supervised by a Director appointed by [the] Secretary. The Secretary shall consult with the Executive Director of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships (Executive Director) prior to making such appointment.

(c) The Department shall provide the Center with appropriate staff, administrative support, and other resources to meet its responsibilities under this order.

(d) The Center shall begin operations no later than 45 days from the date of this order.

*Purpose of Center*. The purpose of the Center shall be to coordinate agency efforts to eliminate regulatory, contracting, and other programmatic obstacles to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the provision of social and community services.

*Responsibilities of the Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships*. In carrying out the purpose set forth in section 2 of this order, the Center shall:

(a) conduct, in coordination with the Executive Director, a department-wide audit to identify all existing barriers to the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social and community services by the Department, including but not limited to regulations, rules, orders, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities that unlawfully discriminate against, or otherwise discourage or disadvantage the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal programs;

(b) coordinate a comprehensive departmental effort to incorporate faith-based and other community organizations in Department programs and initiatives to the greatest extent possible;

(c) propose initiatives to remove barriers identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order, including but not limited to reform of regulations, procurement, and other internal policies and practices, and outreach activities;

(d) propose the development of innovative pilot and demonstration programs to increase the participation of faith-based and other community organizations in Federal as well as State and local initiatives; and

(e) develop and coordinate Departmental outreach efforts to disseminate information more effectively to faith-based and other community organizations with respect to programming changes, contracting opportunities, and other agency initiatives, including but not limited to Web and Internet resources.

*Reporting Requirements.*

(a) *Report*. Not later than 180 days from the date of this order and annually thereafter, the Center shall prepare and submit a report to the Executive Director.

(b) *Contents*. The report shall include a description of the Department's efforts in carrying out its responsibilities under this order, including but not limited to:

(i) a comprehensive analysis of the barriers to the full participation of faith-based and other community organizations in the delivery of social and community services identified pursuant to section 3(a) of this order and the proposed strategies to eliminate those barriers; and

(ii) a summary of the technical assistance and other information that will be available to faith-based and other community organizations regarding the program activities of the agency and the preparation of applications or proposals for grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, and procurement.

(c) *Performance Indicators*. The first report shall include annual performance indicators and measurable objectives for Departmental action. Each report filed thereafter shall measure the Department's performance against the objectives set forth in the initial report.

*Responsibilities of the Secretary*. The Secretary shall:

(a) designate an employee within the department to serve as the liaison and point of contact with the Executive Director; and

(b) cooperate with the Executive Director and provide such information, support, and assistance to the Executive Director as requested to implement this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) This order shall be implemented subject to the availability of appropriations and to the extent permitted by law.

(b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by a party against the United States, its agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13406, June 23, 2006, 71 F.R. 36973, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and to strengthen the rights of the American people against the taking of their private property, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It is the policy of the United States to protect the rights of Americans to their private property, including by limiting the taking of private property by the Federal Government to situations in which the taking is for public use, with just compensation, and for the purpose of benefiting the general public and not merely for the purpose of advancing the economic interest of private parties to be given ownership or use of the property taken.

*Implementation*. (a) The Attorney General shall:

(i) issue instructions to the heads of departments and agencies to implement the policy set forth in section 1 of this order; and

(ii) monitor takings by departments and agencies for compliance with the policy set forth in section 1 of this order.

(b) Heads of departments and agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law:

(i) comply with instructions issued under subsection (a)(i); and

(ii) provide to the Attorney General such information as the Attorney General determines necessary to carry out subsection (a)(ii).

*Specific Exclusions*. Nothing in this order shall be construed to prohibit a taking of private property by the Federal Government, that otherwise complies with applicable law, for the purpose of:

(a) public ownership or exclusive use of the property by the public, such as for a public medical facility, roadway, park, forest, governmental office building, or military reservation;

(b) projects designated for public, common carrier, public transportation, or public utility use, including those for which a fee is assessed, that serve the general public and are subject to regulation by a governmental entity;

(c) conveying the property to a nongovernmental entity, such as a telecommunications or transportation common carrier, that makes the property available for use by the general public as of right;

(d) preventing or mitigating a harmful use of land that constitutes a threat to public health, safety, or the environment;

(e) acquiring abandoned property;

(f) quieting title to real property;

(g) acquiring ownership or use by a public utility;

(h) facilitating the disposal or exchange of Federal property; or

(i) meeting military, law enforcement, public safety, public transportation, or public health emergencies.

*General Provisions*. (a) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented in a manner consistent with Executive Order 12630 of March 15, 1988.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity against the United States, its departments, agencies, entities, officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13497, Jan. 30, 2009, 74 F.R. 6113, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered that:

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13563, Jan. 18, 2011, 76 F.R. 3821, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to improve regulation and regulatory review, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*General Principles of Regulation*. (a) Our regulatory system must protect public health, welfare, safety, and our environment while promoting economic growth, innovation, competitiveness, and job creation. It must be based on the best available science. It must allow for public participation and an open exchange of ideas. It must promote predictability and reduce uncertainty. It must identify and use the best, most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. It must take into account benefits and costs, both quantitative and qualitative. It must ensure that regulations are accessible, consistent, written in plain language, and easy to understand. It must measure, and seek to improve, the actual results of regulatory requirements.

(b) This order is supplemental to and reaffirms the principles, structures, and definitions governing contemporary regulatory review that were established in Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993. As stated in that Executive Order and to the extent permitted by law, each agency must, among other things: (1) propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination that its benefits justify its costs (recognizing that some benefits and costs are difficult to quantify); (2) tailor its regulations to impose the least burden on society, consistent with obtaining regulatory objectives, taking into account, among other things, and to the extent practicable, the costs of cumulative regulations; (3) select, in choosing among alternative regulatory approaches, those approaches that maximize net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety, and other advantages; distributive impacts; and equity); (4) to the extent feasible, specify performance objectives, rather than specifying the behavior or manner of compliance that regulated entities must adopt; and (5) identify and assess available alternatives to direct regulation, including providing economic incentives to encourage the desired behavior, such as user fees or marketable permits, or providing information upon which choices can be made by the public.

(c) In applying these principles, each agency is directed to use the best available techniques to quantify anticipated present and future benefits and costs as accurately as possible. Where appropriate and permitted by law, each agency may consider (and discuss qualitatively) values that are difficult or impossible to quantify, including equity, human dignity, fairness, and distributive impacts.

*Public Participation*. (a) Regulations shall be adopted through a process that involves public participation. To that end, regulations shall be based, to the extent feasible and consistent with law, on the open exchange of information and perspectives among State, local, and tribal officials, experts in relevant disciplines, affected stakeholders in the private sector, and the public as a whole.

(b) To promote that open exchange, each agency, consistent with Executive Order 12866 and other applicable legal requirements, shall endeavor to provide the public with an opportunity to participate in the regulatory process. To the extent feasible and permitted by law, each agency shall afford the public a meaningful opportunity to comment through the Internet on any proposed regulation, with a comment period that should generally be at least 60 days. To the extent feasible and permitted by law, each agency shall also provide, for both proposed and final rules, timely online access to the rulemaking docket on regulations.gov, including relevant scientific and technical findings, in an open format that can be easily searched and downloaded. For proposed rules, such access shall include, to the extent feasible and permitted by law, an opportunity for public comment on all pertinent parts of the rulemaking docket, including relevant scientific and technical findings.

(c) Before issuing a notice of proposed rulemaking, each agency, where feasible and appropriate, shall seek the views of those who are likely to be affected, including those who are likely to benefit from and those who are potentially subject to such rulemaking.

*Integration and Innovation*. Some sectors and industries face a significant number of regulatory requirements, some of which may be redundant, inconsistent, or overlapping. Greater coordination across agencies could reduce these requirements, thus reducing costs and simplifying and harmonizing rules. In developing regulatory actions and identifying appropriate approaches, each agency shall attempt to promote such coordination, simplification, and harmonization. Each agency shall also seek to identify, as appropriate, means to achieve regulatory goals that are designed to promote innovation.

*Flexible Approaches*. Where relevant, feasible, and consistent with regulatory objectives, and to the extent permitted by law, each agency shall identify and consider regulatory approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the public. These approaches include warnings, appropriate default rules, and disclosure requirements as well as provision of information to the public in a form that is clear and intelligible.

*Science*. Consistent with the President's Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies, "Scientific Integrity" (March 9, 2009), and its implementing guidance, each agency shall ensure the objectivity of any scientific and technological information and processes used to support the agency's regulatory actions.

*Retrospective Analyses of Existing Rules*. (a) To facilitate the periodic review of existing significant regulations, agencies shall consider how best to promote retrospective analysis of rules that may be outmoded, ineffective, insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, streamline, expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been learned. Such retrospective analyses, including supporting data, should be released online whenever possible.

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, each agency shall develop and submit to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs a preliminary plan, consistent with law and its resources and regulatory priorities, under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations to determine whether any such regulations should be modified, streamlined, expanded, or repealed so as to make the agency's regulatory program more effective or less burdensome in achieving the regulatory objectives.

*General Provisions*. (a) For purposes of this order, "agency" shall have the meaning set forth in section 3(b) of Executive Order 12866.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13579, July 11, 2011, 76 F.R. 41587, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to improve regulation and regulatory review, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. (a) Wise regulatory decisions depend on public participation and on careful analysis of the likely consequences of regulation. Such decisions are informed and improved by allowing interested members of the public to have a meaningful opportunity to participate in rulemaking. To the extent permitted by law, such decisions should be made only after consideration of their costs and benefits (both quantitative and qualitative).

(b) Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011, "Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review," directed to executive agencies, was meant to produce a regulatory system that protects "public health, welfare, safety, and our environment while promoting economic growth, innovation, competitiveness, and job creation." Independent regulatory agencies, no less than executive agencies, should promote that goal.

(c) Executive Order 13563 set out general requirements directed to executive agencies concerning public participation, integration and innovation, flexible approaches, and science. To the extent permitted by law, independent regulatory agencies should comply with these provisions as well.

*Retrospective Analyses of Existing Rules*. (a) To facilitate the periodic review of existing significant regulations, independent regulatory agencies should consider how best to promote retrospective analysis of rules that may be outmoded, ineffective, insufficient, or excessively burdensome, and to modify, streamline, expand, or repeal them in accordance with what has been learned. Such retrospective analyses, including supporting data and evaluations, should be released online whenever possible.

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, each independent regulatory agency should develop and release to the public a plan, consistent with law and reflecting its resources and regulatory priorities and processes, under which the agency will periodically review its existing significant regulations to determine whether any such regulations should be modified, streamlined, expanded, or repealed so as to make the agency's regulatory program more effective or less burdensome in achieving the regulatory objectives.

*General Provisions*. (a) For purposes of this order, "executive agency" shall have the meaning set forth for the term "agency" in section 3(b) of Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993, and "independent regulatory agency" shall have the meaning set forth in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13604, Mar. 22, 2012, 77 F.R. 18887, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to significantly reduce the aggregate time required to make decisions in the permitting and review of infrastructure projects by the Federal Government, while improving environmental and community outcomes, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. (a) To maintain our Nation's competitive edge and ensure an economy built to last, the United States must have fast, reliable, resilient, and environmentally sound means of moving people, goods, energy, and information. In a global economy, we will compete for the world's investments based in significant part on the quality of our infrastructure. Investing in the Nation's infrastructure provides immediate and long-term economic benefits for local communities and the Nation as a whole.

The quality of our Nation's infrastructure depends in critical part on Federal permitting and review processes, including planning, approval, and consultation processes. These processes inform decision-makers and affected communities about the potential benefits and impacts of proposed infrastructure projects, and ensure that projects are designed, built, and maintained in a manner that is consistent with protecting our public health, welfare, safety, national security, and environment. Reviews and approvals of infrastructure projects can be delayed due to many factors beyond the control of the Federal Government, such as poor project design, incomplete applications, uncertain funding, or multiple reviews and approvals by State, local, tribal, or other jurisdictions. Given these factors, it is critical that executive departments and agencies (agencies) take all steps within their authority, consistent with available resources, to execute Federal permitting and review processes with maximum efficiency and effectiveness, ensuring the health, safety, and security of communities and the environment while supporting vital economic growth.

To achieve that objective, our Federal permitting and review processes must provide a transparent, consistent, and predictable path for both project sponsors and affected communities. They must ensure that agencies set and adhere to timelines and schedules for completion of reviews, set clear permitting performance goals, and track progress against those goals. They must encourage early collaboration among agencies, project sponsors, and affected stakeholders in order to incorporate and address their interests and minimize delays. They must provide for transparency and accountability by utilizing cost-effective information technology to collect and disseminate information about individual projects and agency performance, so that the priorities and concerns of all our citizens are considered. They must rely upon early and active consultation with State, local, and tribal governments to avoid conflicts or duplication of effort, resolve concerns, and allow for concurrent rather than sequential reviews. They must recognize the critical role project sponsors play in assuring the timely and cost-effective review of projects by providing complete information and analysis and by supporting, as appropriate, the costs associated with review. And, they must enable agencies to share priorities, work collaboratively and concurrently to advance reviews and permitting decisions, and facilitate the resolution of disputes at all levels of agency organization.

Each of these elements must be incorporated into routine agency practice to provide demonstrable improvements in the performance of Federal infrastructure permitting and review processes, including lower costs, more timely decisions, and a healthier and cleaner environment. Also, these elements must be integrated into project planning processes so that projects are designed appropriately to avoid, to the extent practicable, adverse impacts on public health, security, historic properties and other cultural resources, and the environment, and to minimize or mitigate impacts that may occur. Permitting and review process improvements that have proven effective must be expanded and institutionalized.

(b) In advancing this policy, this order expands upon efforts undertaken pursuant to Executive Order 13580 of July 12, 2011 (Interagency Working Group on Coordination of Domestic Energy Development and Permitting in Alaska), Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review), and my memorandum of August 31, 2011 (Speeding Infrastructure Development Through More Efficient and Effective Permitting and Environmental Review), as well as other ongoing efforts.

*Steering Committee on Federal Infrastructure Permitting and Review Process Improvement*. There is established a Steering Committee on Federal Infrastructure Permitting and Review Process Improvement (Steering Committee), to be chaired by the Chief Performance Officer (CPO), in consultation with the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

(a) *Infrastructure Projects Covered by this Order*. The Steering Committee shall facilitate improvements in Federal permitting and review processes for infrastructure projects in sectors including surface transportation, aviation, ports and waterways, water resource projects, renewable energy generation, electricity transmission, broadband, pipelines, and other such sectors as determined by the Steering Committee.

(b) *Membership*. Each of the following agencies (Member Agencies) shall be represented on the Steering Committee by a Deputy Secretary or equivalent officer of the United States:

(i) the Department of Defense;

(ii) the Department of the Interior;

(iii) the Department of Agriculture;

(iv) the Department of Commerce;

(v) the Department of Transportation;

(vi) the Department of Energy;

(vii) the Department of Homeland Security;

(viii) the Environmental Protection Agency;

(ix) the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation;

(x) the Department of the Army; and

(xi) such other agencies or offices as the CPO may invite to participate.

(c) *Projects of National or Regional Significance*. In furtherance of the policies of this order, the Member Agencies shall coordinate and consult with each other to select, submit to the CPO by April 30, 2012, and periodically update thereafter, a list of infrastructure projects of national or regional significance that will have their status tracked on the online Federal Infrastructure Projects Dashboard (Dashboard) created pursuant to my memorandum of August 31, 2011.

(d) *Responsibilities of the Steering Committee*. The Steering Committee shall:

(i) develop a Federal Permitting and Review Performance Plan (Federal Plan), as described in section 3(a) of this order;

(ii) implement the Federal Plan and coordinate resolution of disputes among Member Agencies relating to implementation of the Federal Plan; and

(iii) coordinate and consult with other agencies, offices, and interagency working groups as necessary, including the President's Management Council and Performance Improvement Councils, and, with regard to use and expansion of the Dashboard, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and Chief Technology Officer to implement this order.

(e) *Duties of the CPO*. The CPO shall:

(i) in consultation with the Chair of CEQ and Member Agencies, issue guidance on the implementation of this order;

(ii) in consultation with Member Agencies, develop and track performance metrics for evaluating implementation of the Federal Plan and Agency Plans; and

(iii) by January 31, 2013, and annually thereafter, after input from interested agencies, evaluate and report to the President on the implementation of the Federal Plan and Agency Plans, and publish the report on the Dashboard.

(f) *No Involvement in Particular Permits or Projects*. Neither the Steering Committee, nor the CPO, may direct or coordinate agency decisions with respect to any particular permit or project.

*Plans for Measurable Performance Improvement*. (a) By May 31, 2012, the Steering Committee shall, following coordination with Member Agencies and other interested agencies, develop and publish on the Dashboard a Federal Plan to significantly reduce the aggregate time required to make Federal permitting and review decisions on infrastructure projects while improving outcomes for communities and the environment. The Federal Plan shall include, but not be limited to, the following actions to implement the policies outlined in section 1 of this order, and shall reflect the agreement of any Member Agency with respect to requirements in the Federal Plan affecting such agency:

(i) institutionalizing best practices for: enhancing Federal, State, local, and tribal government coordination on permitting and review processes (such as conducting reviews concurrently rather than sequentially to the extent practicable); avoiding duplicative reviews; and engaging with stakeholders early in the permitting process;

(ii) developing mechanisms to better communicate priorities and resolve disputes among agencies at the national and regional levels;

(iii) institutionalizing use of the Dashboard, working with the CIO to enhance the Dashboard, and utilizing other cost-effective information technology systems to share environmental and project-related information with the public, project sponsors, and permit reviewers; and

(iv) identifying timeframes and Member Agency responsibilities for the implementation of each proposed action.

(b) Each Member Agency shall:

(i) by June 30, 2012, submit to the CPO an Agency Plan identifying those permitting and review processes the Member Agency views as most critical to significantly reducing the aggregate time required to make permitting and review decisions on infrastructure projects while improving outcomes for communities and the environment, and describing specific and measurable actions the agency will take to improve these processes, including:

(1) performance metrics, including timelines or schedules for review;

(2) technological improvements, such as institutionalized use of the Dashboard and other information technology systems;

(3) other practices, such as pre-application procedures, early collaboration with other agencies, project sponsors, and affected stakeholders, and coordination with State, local, and tribal governments; and

(4) steps the Member Agency will take to implement the Federal Plan.

(ii) by July 31, 2012, following coordination with other Member Agencies and interested agencies, publish its Agency Plan on the Dashboard; and

(iii) by December 31, 2012, and every 6 months thereafter, report progress to the CPO on implementing its Agency Plan, as well as specific opportunities for additional improvements to its permitting and review procedures.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with Executive Order 13175 of November 6, 2000 (Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments) and my memorandum of November 5, 2009 (Tribal Consultation).

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13609, May 1, 2012, 77 F.R. 26413, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to promote international regulatory cooperation, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review), states that our regulatory system must protect public health, welfare, safety, and our environment while promoting economic growth, innovation, competitiveness, and job creation. In an increasingly global economy, international regulatory cooperation, consistent with domestic law and prerogatives and U.S. trade policy, can be an important means of promoting the goals of Executive Order 13563.

The regulatory approaches taken by foreign governments may differ from those taken by U.S. regulatory agencies to address similar issues. In some cases, the differences between the regulatory approaches of U.S. agencies and those of their foreign counterparts might not be necessary and might impair the ability of American businesses to export and compete internationally. In meeting shared challenges involving health, safety, labor, security, environmental, and other issues, international regulatory cooperation can identify approaches that are at least as protective as those that are or would be adopted in the absence of such cooperation. International regulatory cooperation can also reduce, eliminate, or prevent unnecessary differences in regulatory requirements.

*Coordination of International Regulatory Cooperation*. (a) The Regulatory Working Group (Working Group) established by Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 (Regulatory Planning and Review), which was reaffirmed by Executive Order 13563, shall, as appropriate:

(i) serve as a forum to discuss, coordinate, and develop a common understanding among agencies of U.S. Government positions and priorities with respect to:

(A) international regulatory cooperation activities that are reasonably anticipated to lead to significant regulatory actions;

(B) efforts across the Federal Government to support significant, cross-cutting international regulatory cooperation activities, such as the work of regulatory cooperation councils; and

(C) the promotion of good regulatory practices internationally, as well as the promotion of U.S. regulatory approaches, as appropriate; and

(ii) examine, among other things:

(A) appropriate strategies for engaging in the development of regulatory approaches through international regulatory cooperation, particularly in emerging technology areas, when consistent with section 1 of this order;

(B) best practices for international regulatory cooperation with respect to regulatory development, and, where appropriate, information exchange and other regulatory tools; and

(C) factors that agencies should take into account when determining whether and how to consider other regulatory approaches under section 3(d) of this order.

(b) As Chair of the Working Group, the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall convene the Working Group as necessary to discuss international regulatory cooperation issues as described above, and the Working Group shall include a representative from the Office of the United States Trade Representative and, as appropriate, representatives from other agencies and offices.

(c) The activities of the Working Group, consistent with law, shall not duplicate the efforts of existing interagency bodies and coordination mechanisms. The Working Group shall consult with existing interagency bodies when appropriate.

(d) To inform its discussions, and pursuant to section 4 of Executive Order 12866, the Working Group may commission analytical reports and studies by OIRA, the Administrative Conference of the United States, or any other relevant agency, and the Administrator of OIRA may solicit input, from time to time, from representatives of business, nongovernmental organizations, and the public.

(e) The Working Group shall develop and issue guidelines on the applicability and implementation of sections 2 through 4 of this order.

(f) For purposes of this order, the Working Group shall operate by consensus.

*Responsibilities of Federal Agencies*. To the extent permitted by law, and consistent with the principles and requirements of Executive Order 13563 and Executive Order 12866, each agency shall:

(a) if required to submit a Regulatory Plan pursuant to Executive Order 12866, include in that plan a summary of its international regulatory cooperation activities that are reasonably anticipated to lead to significant regulations, with an explanation of how these activities advance the purposes of Executive Order 13563 and this order;

(b) ensure that significant regulations that the agency identifies as having significant international impacts are designated as such in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions, on RegInfo.gov, and on Regulations.gov;

(c) in selecting which regulations to include in its retrospective review plan, as required by Executive Order 13563, consider:

(i) reforms to existing significant regulations that address unnecessary differences in regulatory requirements between the United States and its major trading partners, consistent with section 1 of this order, when stakeholders provide adequate information to the agency establishing that the differences are unnecessary; and

(ii) such reforms in other circumstances as the agency deems appropriate; and

(d) for significant regulations that the agency identifies as having significant international impacts, consider, to the extent feasible, appropriate, and consistent with law, any regulatory approaches by a foreign government that the United States has agreed to consider under a regulatory cooperation council work plan.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) "Agency" means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(b) "International impact" is a direct effect that a proposed or final regulation is expected to have on international trade and investment, or that otherwise may be of significant interest to the trading partners of the United States.

(c) "International regulatory cooperation" refers to a bilateral, regional, or multilateral process, other than processes that are covered by section 6(a)(ii), (iii), and (v) of this order, in which national governments engage in various forms of collaboration and communication with respect to regulations, in particular a process that is reasonably anticipated to lead to the development of significant regulations.

(d) "Regulation" shall have the same meaning as "regulation" or "rule" in section 3(d) of Executive Order 12866.

(e) "Significant regulation" is a proposed or final regulation that constitutes a significant regulatory action.

(f) "Significant regulatory action" shall have the same meaning as in section 3(f) of Executive Order 12866.

*Independent Agencies*. Independent regulatory agencies are encouraged to comply with the provisions of this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof;

(ii) the coordination and development of international trade policy and negotiations pursuant to section 411 of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2451 [2541]) and section 141 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2171);

(iii) international trade activities undertaken pursuant to section 3 of the Act of February 14, 1903 (15 U.S.C. 1512), subtitle C of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988, as amended (15 U.S.C. 4721 et seq.), and Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1979 (19 U.S.C. 2171 note);

(iv) the authorization process for the negotiation and conclusion of international agreements pursuant to 1 U.S.C. 112b(c) [see now 1 U.S.C. 112b(g)] and its implementing regulations (22 C.F.R. 181.4) and implementing procedures (11 FAM 720);

(v) activities in connection with subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 31 of the United States Code, title 26 of the United States Code, or Public Law 111–203 and other laws relating to financial regulation; or (vi) [sic] the functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13610, May 10, 2012, 77 F.R. 28469, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to modernize our regulatory system and to reduce unjustified regulatory burdens and costs, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Regulations play an indispensable role in protecting public health, welfare, safety, and our environment, but they can also impose significant burdens and costs. During challenging economic times, we should be especially careful not to impose unjustified regulatory requirements. For this reason, it is particularly important for agencies to conduct retrospective analyses of existing rules to examine whether they remain justified and whether they should be modified or streamlined in light of changed circumstances, including the rise of new technologies.

Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review), states that our regulatory system "must measure, and seek to improve, the actual results of regulatory requirements." To promote this goal, that Executive Order requires agencies not merely to conduct a single exercise, but to engage in "periodic review of existing significant regulations." Pursuant to section 6(b) of that Executive Order, agencies are required to develop retrospective review plans to review existing significant regulations in order to "determine whether any such regulations should be modified, streamlined, expanded, or repealed." The purpose of this requirement is to "make the agency's regulatory program more effective or less burdensome in achieving the regulatory objectives."

In response to Executive Order 13563, agencies have developed and made available for public comment retrospective review plans that identify over five hundred initiatives. A small fraction of those initiatives, already finalized or formally proposed to the public, are anticipated to eliminate billions of dollars in regulatory costs and tens of millions of hours in annual paperwork burdens. Significantly larger savings are anticipated as the plans are implemented and as action is taken on additional initiatives.

As a matter of longstanding practice and to satisfy statutory obligations, many agencies engaged in periodic review of existing regulations prior to the issuance of Executive Order 13563. But further steps should be taken, consistent with law, agency resources, and regulatory priorities, to promote public participation in retrospective review, to modernize our regulatory system, and to institutionalize regular assessment of significant regulations.

*Public Participation in Retrospective Review*. Members of the public, including those directly and indirectly affected by regulations, as well as State, local, and tribal governments, have important information about the actual effects of existing regulations. For this reason, and consistent with Executive Order 13563, agencies shall invite, on a regular basis (to be determined by the agency head in consultation with the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA)), public suggestions about regulations in need of retrospective review and about appropriate modifications to such regulations. To promote an open exchange of information, retrospective analyses of regulations, including supporting data, shall be released to the public online wherever practicable.

*Setting Priorities*. In implementing and improving their retrospective review plans, and in considering retrospective review suggestions from the public, agencies shall give priority, consistent with law, to those initiatives that will produce significant quantifiable monetary savings or significant quantifiable reductions in paperwork burdens while protecting public health, welfare, safety, and our environment. To the extent practicable and permitted by law, agencies shall also give special consideration to initiatives that would reduce unjustified regulatory burdens or simplify or harmonize regulatory requirements imposed on small businesses. Consistent with Executive Order 13563 and Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 (Regulatory Planning and Review), agencies shall give consideration to the cumulative effects of their own regulations, including cumulative burdens, and shall to the extent practicable and consistent with law give priority to reforms that would make significant progress in reducing those burdens while protecting public health, welfare, safety, and our environment.

*Accountability*. Agencies shall regularly report on the status of their retrospective review efforts to OIRA. Agency reports should describe progress, anticipated accomplishments, and proposed timelines for relevant actions, with an emphasis on the priorities described in section 3 of this order. Agencies shall submit draft reports to OIRA on September 10, 2012, and on the second Monday of January and July for each year thereafter, unless directed otherwise through subsequent guidance from OIRA. Agencies shall make final reports available to the public within a reasonable period (not to exceed three weeks from the date of submission of draft reports to OIRA).

*General Provisions*. (a) For purposes of this order, "agency" means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13707, Sept. 15, 2015, 80 F.R. 56365, provided:

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that behavioral science insights—research findings from fields such as behavioral economics and psychology about how people make decisions and act on them—can be used to design government policies to better serve the American people.

Where Federal policies have been designed to reflect behavioral science insights, they have substantially improved outcomes for the individuals, families, communities, and businesses those policies serve. For example, automatic enrollment and automatic escalation in retirement savings plans have made it easier to save for the future, and have helped Americans accumulate billions of dollars in additional retirement savings. Similarly, streamlining the application process for Federal financial aid has made college more financially accessible for millions of students.

To more fully realize the benefits of behavioral insights and deliver better results at a lower cost for the American people, the Federal Government should design its policies and programs to reflect our best understanding of how people engage with, participate in, use, and respond to those policies and programs. By improving the effectiveness and efficiency of Government, behavioral science insights can support a range of national priorities, including helping workers to find better jobs; enabling Americans to lead longer, healthier lives; improving access to educational opportunities and support for success in school; and accelerating the transition to a low-carbon economy.

NOW, THEREFORE, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, I hereby direct the following:

*Behavioral Science Insights Policy Directive*.

(a) Executive departments and agencies (agencies) are encouraged to:

(i) identify policies, programs, and operations where applying behavioral science insights may yield substantial improvements in public welfare, program outcomes, and program cost effectiveness;

(ii) develop strategies for applying behavioral science insights to programs and, where possible, rigorously test and evaluate the impact of these insights;

(iii) recruit behavioral science experts to join the Federal Government as necessary to achieve the goals of this directive; and

(iv) strengthen agency relationships with the research community to better use empirical findings from the behavioral sciences.

(b) In implementing the policy directives in section (a), agencies shall:

(i) identify opportunities to help qualifying individuals, families, communities, and businesses access public programs and benefits by, as appropriate, streamlining processes that may otherwise limit or delay participation—for example, removing administrative hurdles, shortening wait times, and simplifying forms;

(ii) improve how information is presented to consumers, borrowers, program beneficiaries, and other individuals, whether as directly conveyed by the agency, or in setting standards for the presentation of information, by considering how the content, format, timing, and medium by which information is conveyed affects comprehension and action by individuals, as appropriate;

(iii) identify programs that offer choices and carefully consider how the presentation and structure of those choices, including the order, number, and arrangement of options, can most effectively promote public welfare, as appropriate, giving particular consideration to the selection and setting of default options; and

(iv) review elements of their policies and programs that are designed to encourage or make it easier for Americans to take specific actions, such as saving for retirement or completing education programs. In doing so, agencies shall consider how the timing, frequency, presentation, and labeling of benefits, taxes, subsidies, and other incentives can more effectively and efficiently promote those actions, as appropriate. Particular attention should be paid to opportunities to use nonfinancial incentives.

(c) For policies with a regulatory component, agencies are encouraged to combine this behavioral science insights policy directive with their ongoing review of existing significant regulations to identify and reduce regulatory burdens, as appropriate and consistent with Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review), and Executive Order 13610 of May 10, 2012 (Identifying and Reducing Regulatory Burdens).

*Implementation of the Behavioral Science Insights Policy Directive*. (a) The Social and Behavioral Sciences Team (SBST), under the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) and chaired by the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, shall provide agencies with advice and policy guidance to help them execute the policy objectives outlined in section 1 of this order, as appropriate.

(b) The NSTC shall release a yearly report summarizing agency implementation of section 1 of this order each year until 2019. Member agencies of the SBST are expected to contribute to this report.

(c) To help execute the policy directive set forth in section 1 of this order, the Chair of the SBST shall, within 45 days of the date of this order and thereafter as necessary, issue guidance to assist agencies in implementing this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) Independent agencies are strongly encouraged to comply with the requirements of this order.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13725, Apr. 15, 2016, 81 F.R. 23417, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to protect American consumers and workers and encourage competition in the U.S. economy, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Maintaining, encouraging, and supporting a fair, efficient, and competitive marketplace is a cornerstone of the American economy. Consumers and workers need both competitive markets and information to make informed choices.

Certain business practices such as unlawful collusion, illegal bid rigging, price fixing, and wage setting, as well as anticompetitive exclusionary conduct and mergers stifle competition and erode the foundation of America's economic vitality. The immediate results of such conduct—higher prices and poorer service for customers, less innovation, fewer new businesses being launched, and reduced opportunities for workers—can impact Americans in every walk of life.

Competitive markets also help advance national priorities, such as the delivery of affordable health care, energy independence, and improved access to fast and affordable broadband. Competitive markets also promote economic growth, which creates opportunity for American workers and encourages entrepreneurs to start innovative companies that create jobs.

The Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) have a proven record of detecting and stopping anticompetitive conduct and challenging mergers and acquisitions that threaten to consolidate markets and reduce competition.

Promoting competitive markets and ensuring that consumers and workers have access to the information needed to make informed choices must be a shared priority across the Federal Government. Executive departments and agencies can contribute to these goals through, among other things, pro-competitive rulemaking and regulations, and by eliminating regulations that create barriers to or limit competition. Such Government-wide action is essential to ensuring that consumers, workers, startups, small businesses, and farms reap the full benefits of competitive markets.

*Agency Responsibilities*. (a) Executive departments and agencies with authorities that could be used to enhance competition (agencies) shall, where consistent with other laws, use those authorities to promote competition, arm consumers and workers with the information they need to make informed choices, and eliminate regulations that restrict competition without corresponding benefits to the American public.

(b) Agencies shall identify specific actions that they can take in their areas of responsibility to build upon efforts to detect abuses such as price fixing, anticompetitive behavior in labor and other input markets, exclusionary conduct, and blocking access to critical resources that are needed for competitive entry. Behaviors that appear to violate our antitrust laws should be referred to antitrust enforcers at DOJ and the FTC. Such a referral shall not preclude further action by the referring agency against that behavior under that agency's relevant statutory authority.

(c) Agencies shall also identify specific actions that they can take in their areas of responsibility to address undue burdens on competition. As permitted by law, agencies shall consult with other interested parties to identify ways that the agency can promote competition through pro-competitive rulemaking and regulations, by providing consumers and workers with information they need to make informed choices, and by eliminating regulations that restrict competition without corresponding benefits to the American public.

(d) Not later than 30 days from the date of this order, agencies shall submit to the Director of the National Economic Council an initial list of (1) actions each agency can potentially take to promote more competitive markets; (2) any specific practices, such as blocking access to critical resources, that potentially restrict meaningful consumer or worker choice or unduly stifle new market entrants, along with any actions the agency can potentially take to address those practices; and (3) any relevant authorities and tools potentially available to enhance competition or make information more widely available for consumers and workers.

(e) Not later than 60 days from the date of this order, agencies shall report to the President, through the Director of the National Economic Council, recommendations on agency-specific actions that eliminate barriers to competition, promote greater competition, and improve consumer access to information needed to make informed purchasing decisions. Such recommendations shall include a list of priority actions, including rulemakings, as well as timelines for completing those actions.

(f) Subsequently, agencies shall report semi-annually to the President, through the Director of the National Economic Council, on additional actions that they plan to undertake to promote greater competition.

(g) Sections 2(d), 2(e), and 2(f) of this order do not require reporting of information related to law enforcement policy and activities.

*General Provisions*. (a) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Independent agencies are strongly encouraged to comply with the requirements of this order.

(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13748, Nov. 16, 2016, 81 F.R. 83619, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Place is a strong determinant of opportunity and well-being. Research shows that the neighborhood in which a child grows up impacts his or her odds of going to college, enjoying good health, and obtaining a lifetime of economic opportunities. Even after 73 consecutive months of total job growth since 2009, communities of persistent poverty remain and for far too many, the odds are stacked against opportunity and achieving the American dream. In addition, between now and 2050, growing our economy, expected population growth, climate change, and demographic shifts will require major new investments in physical, social, and technological infrastructure.

Specific challenges in communities—including crime, access to care, opportunities to pursue quality education, lack of housing options, unemployment, and deteriorating infrastructure—can be met by leveraging Federal assistance and resources. While the Federal Government provides rural, suburban, urban, and tribal communities with significant investments in aid annually, coordinating these investments, as appropriate, across agencies based on locally led visions can more effectively reach communities of greatest need to maximize impact. In recent years, the Federal Government has deepened its engagement with communities, recognizing the critical role of these partnerships in enabling Americans to live healthier and more prosperous lives. Since 2015, the Community Solutions Task Force, comprising executive departments, offices, and agencies (agencies) across the Federal Government, has served as the primary interagency coordinator of agency work to engage with communities to deliver improved outcomes. This order builds on recent work to facilitate inter-agency and community-level collaboration to meet the unique needs of communities in a way that reflects these communities' local assets, economies, geography, size, history, strengths, talent networks, and visions for the future.

*Principles*. Our effort to modernize the Federal Government's work with communities is rooted in the following principles:

(a) A community-driven, locally led vision and long-term plan for clear outcomes should guide individual projects.

(b) The Federal Government should coordinate its efforts at the Federal, regional, State, local, tribal, and community level, and with cross-sector partners, to offer a more seamless process for communities to access needed support and ensure equitable investments.

(c) The Federal Government should help communities identify, develop, and share local solutions, rely on data to determine what does and does not work, and harness technology and modern collaboration and engagement methods to help share these solutions and help communities meet their local goals.

*Community Solutions Council*.

(a) *Establishment*. There is hereby established a Council for Community Solutions (Council), led by two Co-Chairs. One Co-Chair will be an Assistant to the President or the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, as designated by the President. The second Co-Chair will be rotated every 4 years and designated by the President from among the heads of the Departments of Justice, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, and Education, and the Environmental Protection Agency (Agency Co-Chair).

(b) *Membership*. The Council shall consist of the following members:

(i) the Secretary of State;

(ii) the Secretary of the Treasury;

(iii) the Secretary of Defense;

(iv) the Attorney General;

(v) the Secretary of the Interior;

(vi) the Secretary of Agriculture;

(vii) the Secretary of Commerce;

(viii) the Secretary of Labor;

(ix) the Secretary of Health and Human Services;

(x) the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development;

(xi) the Secretary of Transportation;

(xii) the Secretary of Energy;

(xiii) the Secretary of Education;

(xiv) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs;

(xv) the Secretary of Homeland Security;

(xvi) the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency;

(xvii) the Administrator of General Services;

(xviii) the Administrator of the Small Business Administration;

(xix) the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service;

(xx) the Chairperson of the National Endowment for the Arts;

(xxi) the Director of the Institute for Museum and Library Services;

(xxii) the Federal Co-Chair of the Delta Regional Authority;

(xxiii) the Federal Co-Chair of the Appalachian Regional Commission;

(xxiv) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(xxv) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget;

(xxvi) the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers;

(xxvii) the Assistant to the President for Intergovernmental Affairs and Public Engagement;

(xxviii) the Assistant to the President and Cabinet Secretary;

(xxix) the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and Director of the National Economic Council;

(xxx) the Chair of the Council on Environmental Quality;

(xxxi) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy;

(xxxii) the Assistant to the President and Chief Technology Officer;

(xxxiii) the Administrator of the United States Digital Service; and

(xxxiv) other officials, as the Co-Chairs may designate or invite to participate.

(c) *Administration*.

(i) The President will designate one of the Co-Chairs to appoint or designate, as appropriate, an Executive Director, who shall coordinate the Council's activities. The department, agency, or component within the Executive Office of the President in which the Executive Director is appointed or designated, as appropriate, (funding entity) shall provide funding and administrative support for the Council to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations as may be necessary for the performance of its functions.

(ii) To the extent permitted by law, including the Economy Act, and within existing appropriations, participating agencies may detail staff to the funding entity to support the Council's coordination and implementation efforts.

(iii) The Co-Chairs shall convene regular meetings of the Council, determine its agenda, and direct its work. At the direction of the Co-Chairs, the Council may establish subgroups consisting exclusively of Council members or their designees, as appropriate.

(iv) A member of the Council may designate a senior-level official who is part of the member's department, agency, or office to perform the Council functions of the member.

*Mission and Priorities of the Council*. (a) The Council shall foster collaboration across agencies, policy councils, and offices to coordinate actions, identify working solutions to share broadly, and develop and implement policy recommendations that put the community-driven, locally led vision at the center of policymaking. The Council shall:

(i) Work across agencies to coordinate investments in initiatives and practices that align the work of the Federal Government to have the greatest impact on the lives of individuals and communities.

(ii) Use evidence-based practices in policymaking, including identifying existing solutions, scaling up practices that are working, and designing solutions with regular input of the individuals and communities to be served.

(iii) Invest in recruiting, training, and retaining talent to further the effective delivery of services to individuals and communities and empower them with best-practice community engagement options, open government transparency methods, equitable policy approaches, technical assistance and capacity building tools, and data-driven practice.

(b) Consistent with the principles set forth in this order and in accordance with applicable law, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, the Council should conduct outreach to representatives of nonprofit organizations, civil rights organizations, businesses, labor and professional organizations, start-up and entrepreneurial communities, State, local, and tribal government agencies, school districts, youth, elected officials, seniors, faith and other community-based organizations, philanthropies, technologists, other institutions of local importance, and other interested or affected persons with relevant expertise in the expansion and improvement of efforts to build local capacity, ensure equity, and address economic, social, environmental, and other issues in communities or regions.

*Executive Orders 13560 and 13602, and Building Upon Other Efforts*. This order supersedes Executive Order 13560 of December 14, 2010 (White House Council for Community Solutions), and Executive Order 13602 of March 15, 2012 (Establishing a White House Council on Strong Cities, Strong Communities), which are hereby revoked.

This Council builds on existing efforts involving Federal working groups, task forces, memoranda of agreement, and initiatives, including the Community Solutions Task Force, the Federal Working Groups dedicated to supporting the needs and priorities of local leadership in Detroit, Baltimore, and Pine Ridge; the Interagency Working Group on Environmental Justice; the Partnership for Sustainable Communities; Local Foods, Local Places; Performance Partnership Pilots for Disconnected Youth; Empowerment Zones; StrikeForce; Partnerships for Opportunity and Workforce and Economic Revitalization; the Neighborhood Revitalization Initiative; Climate Action Champions; Better Communities Alliance; Investing in Manufacturing Communities Partnership; Promise Zones; and the 2016 Memorandum of Agreement on Interagency Technical Assistance. The Council shall also coordinate with existing Chief Officer Councils across the government with oversight responsibility for human capital, performance improvement, and financial assistance.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof, or the status of that department or agency within the Federal Government; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13771, Jan. 30, 2017, 82 F.R. 9339, which required an executive department or agency that publicly proposes for notice and comment or otherwise promulgates a new regulation to identify at least two existing regulations to be repealed for fiscal year 2017, and for subsequent fiscal years required annual regulatory cost submissions to the Office of Management and Budget, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13992, §2, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, set out in a note under section 551 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13777, Feb. 24, 2017, 82 F.R. 12285, which established Regulatory Reform Task Forces to identify certain regulations to repeal, replace, or modify, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13992, §2, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, set out in a note under section 551 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13828, Apr. 10, 2018, 83 F.R. 15941, which required certain agencies to review their regulations and guidance documents relating to public assistance programs, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14018, §1, Feb. 24, 2021, 86 F.R. 11855.

Ex. Ord. No. 13891, Oct. 9, 2019, 84 F.R. 55235, which related to agency non-binding guidance documents, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13992, §2, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, set out in a note under section 551 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13893, Oct. 10, 2019, 84 F.R. 55487, which related to reducing mandatory spending incurred by discretionary administrative actions, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13992, §2, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7049, set out in a note under section 551 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13924, May 19, 2020, 85 F.R. 31353, which related to regulatory relief to support recovery from the economic consequences of COVID–19, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14018, §1, Feb. 24, 2021, 86 F.R. 11855.

Ex. Ord. No. 13927, June 4, 2020, 85 F.R. 35165, which related to accelerating the nation's economic recovery from the COVID–19 emergency by expediting infrastructure investments and other activities, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13990, §7(a), Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7041, set out in a note under section 4321 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 13966, Dec. 14, 2020, 85 F.R. 81777, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 305 of title 5, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy and Principles*. As expressed in Executive Order 13777 of February 24, 2017 (Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda) [formerly set out above], it is the policy of the United States to alleviate unnecessary regulatory burdens placed on the American people. Overly burdensome occupational licensing requirements can impede job creation and slow economic growth, which undermines our Nation's prosperity and the economic well-being of the American people. Such regulations can prevent American workers and job seekers from earning a living, maximizing their personal and economic potential, and achieving the American Dream. The purpose of this order is to reduce the burden of occupational regulations in order to promote the free practice of commerce, lower consumer costs, and increase economic and geographic mobility, including for military spouses.

My Administration is committed to continuing this important work by partnering with State, local, territorial, and tribal leaders throughout the country to eliminate harmful occupational regulations, which are frequently designed to protect politically connected interest groups. To this end, in October 2019, my Administration announced the establishment of the Governors' Initiative on Regulatory Innovation, which works with State, local, and tribal leaders to advance occupational licensing reforms, better align State and Federal regulations, and eliminate unnecessary regulations that drive up consumer costs.

Occupational regulations can protect practitioners from competition rather than protect the public from malpractice. Unfortunately, the number of occupational regulations has substantially increased over the last few decades. Since the 1950s, the percentage of jobs requiring a government-mandated occupational license has increased from less than 5 percent to between 25 and 30 percent. By requiring workers to acquire new licenses when they move to a new jurisdiction, occupational regulations reduce worker mobility, disproportionately harm low-income Americans, and are particularly burdensome to military spouses who must relocate to support the service members committed to keeping our country safe. Additionally, blanket prohibitions that prevent individuals with criminal records from obtaining occupational licenses may exacerbate disparities in employment opportunity and increase the likelihood of recidivism, particularly as regulatory barriers to enter lower- and middle-income occupations are associated with higher recidivism rates. Licensing requirements unnecessary to protect consumers from significant and demonstrable harm also frequently impose expensive educational requirements on potential job seekers, even for occupations with limited future earnings potential. According to recent research, licensing requirements have cost our country an estimated 2.85 million jobs and over $200 billion annually in increased consumer costs.

Therefore, it is the policy of the United States Government to support occupational regulation reform throughout the Nation, building on occupational licensing reforms enacted most recently in Arizona, Florida, Iowa, Missouri, and South Dakota, guided by six principles:

*Principle 1*. All recognized occupational licensure boards should be subject to active supervision of [sic] a designated governmental agency or office.

*Principle 2*. All occupational licensure boards recognized by a State, territorial, or tribal government that oversee personal qualifications related to the practice of an occupation should adopt and maintain the criteria and methods of occupational regulation that are least restrictive to competition sufficient to protect consumers from significant and demonstrable harm to their health and safety. The policies and procedures of such boards should be designed to protect consumer and worker safety and to encourage competition.

*Principle 3*. State, territorial, and tribal governments should review existing occupational regulations, including associated scope-of-practice provisions, to ensure that their requirements are the least restrictive to competition sufficient to protect consumers from significant and demonstrable harm. State, territorial, and tribal governments should also regularly review and analyze all occupational regulations, including associated personal qualifications required to obtain an occupational license, to ensure the adoption of the least restrictive requirements necessary to protect consumers from significant and demonstrable harm.

*Principle 4*. Individuals with criminal records should be encouraged to submit to the appropriate licensure board a preliminary application for an occupational license for a determination as to whether the criminal record would preclude their attainment of the appropriate occupational license.

*Principle 5*. A State, territorial, or tribal government should issue an occupational license to a person in the discipline applied for and at the same level of practice if the individual satisfies four requirements:

(a) the individual holds an occupational license for that discipline from another jurisdiction in the United States and is in good standing;

(b) the individual verifies having met, as applicable, the minimum examination, education, work, or clinical-supervision requirements imposed by the State, territory, or tribe;

(c) the individual:

(i) has not had the license previously revoked or suspended;

(ii) has not been disciplined related to the license by any other regulating entity; and

(iii) is not subject to any pending complaint, allegation, or investigation related to the license; and

(d) the individual pays all applicable fees required to obtain the new license.

*Principle 6*. Accommodations should be made for any applicant for an occupational license who is the spouse of an active duty member of the uniformed services and who is relocating with the member due to the member's official permanent change of station orders.

*Review of and Report on Authorities, Regulations, Guidance, and Policies*. The head of each executive department and agency (agency) shall, within 90 days of the date of this order [Dec. 14, 2020] and every 2 years thereafter:

(a) review the agency's authorities, regulations, guidance, and polices to identify changes necessary to ensure alignment with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order; and

(b) submit a report to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (Director of OMB), the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, and the Assistant to the President and Director of Intergovernmental Affairs (Director of IGA) identifying all necessary changes identified pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

*Identification and Report of Opportunities to Encourage Occupational Regulation Reform*. (a) Within 90 days of the date of this order, and every 2 years thereafter, the head of each agency shall submit a report to the Director of OMB, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, and the Director of IGA identifying a list of recommended actions available to any and all agencies to recognize and reward State, territorial, and tribal governments that have in place policies and procedures regarding occupational regulation that are consistent with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order; and

(b) Within 120 days of the date of this order, and every 2 years thereafter, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the Director of OMB, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, the Director of IGA, and the heads of other agencies and offices as appropriate, shall submit a report to the President identifying:

(i) recommended changes to Federal law, regulations, guidance, and other policies to ensure alignment with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order;

(ii) recommended actions to be taken by agencies to recognize and reward State, territorial, and tribal governments that have in place policies and procedures regarding occupational regulation that are consistent with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order; and

(iii) a list of criteria that may be used to evaluate whether a State, territorial, or tribal government has in place policies and procedures that are consistent with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order.

*Implementation of Recommendations to Recognize and Reward State, Territorial, and Tribal Regulatory Reform*. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, and every 2 years thereafter, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the heads of other agencies as appropriate, shall seek and report on information from State, territorial, and tribal governments regarding whether they have in place policies and procedures consistent with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order and shall make the report publicly available, including on agencies' websites. The information sought shall be consistent with the criteria identified as required by section 3(b)(iii) of this order.

(b) Consistent with applicable law, and to the extent that the President approves any of the actions recommended pursuant to section 3(b)(ii) of this order, agencies shall implement such actions for the purpose of recognizing and rewarding a State, territorial, or tribal government that has in place policies and procedures regarding occupational regulation that are consistent with the principles set forth in section 1 of this order.

*Definitions*. For the purposes of this order:

(a) "Active supervision" means:

(i) reviewing proposed occupational licensure board rules, policies, or other regulatory actions that may restrict market competition prior to issuance;

(ii) ensuring that any entity seeking to impose occupational licensing criteria adopts the criteria that are least restrictive to competition sufficient to protect consumers from significant and demonstrable harm to their health or safety; and

(iii) analyzing, where information is readily available, the effects of proposed rules, policies, and other regulatory actions on employment opportunities, consumer costs, market competition, and administrative costs.

(b) "Agency" has the meaning given that term in section 3502(1) of title 44, United States Code, except that the term does not include the agencies described in section 3502(5) of title 44, United States Code, other than the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.

(c) "Occupational license" means a license, registration, or certification without which an individual lacks the legal permission of a State, local, territorial, or tribal government to perform certain defined services for compensation.

(d) "Occupational regulation" includes:

(i) licensing or government certification, by which a government body requires personal qualifications in order to be permitted to practice an occupation; and

(ii) registration, bonding, or inspections, by which a government body does not require personal qualifications in order to be permitted to practice an occupation.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.

Ex. Ord. No. 13980, Jan. 18, 2021, 86 F.R. 6817, which related to regulations that may subject a violator to criminal penalties, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14029, §1, May 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 27025.

Ex. Ord. No. 13985, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7009, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:

*Policy*. Equal opportunity is the bedrock of American democracy, and our diversity is one of our country's greatest strengths. But for too many, the American Dream remains out of reach. Entrenched disparities in our laws and public policies, and in our public and private institutions, have often denied that equal opportunity to individuals and communities. Our country faces converging economic, health, and climate crises that have exposed and exacerbated inequities, while a historic movement for justice has highlighted the unbearable human costs of systemic racism. Our Nation deserves an ambitious whole-of-government equity agenda that matches the scale of the opportunities and challenges that we face.

It is therefore the policy of my Administration that the Federal Government should pursue a comprehensive approach to advancing equity for all, including people of color and others who have been historically underserved, marginalized, and adversely affected by persistent poverty and inequality. Affirmatively advancing equity, civil rights, racial justice, and equal opportunity is the responsibility of the whole of our Government. Because advancing equity requires a systematic approach to embedding fairness in decision-making processes, executive departments and agencies (agencies) must recognize and work to redress inequities in their policies and programs that serve as barriers to equal opportunity.

By advancing equity across the Federal Government, we can create opportunities for the improvement of communities that have been historically underserved, which benefits everyone. For example, an analysis shows that closing racial gaps in wages, housing credit, lending opportunities, and access to higher education would amount to an additional $5 trillion in gross domestic product in the American economy over the next 5 years. The Federal Government's goal in advancing equity is to provide everyone with the opportunity to reach their full potential. Consistent with these aims, each agency must assess whether, and to what extent, its programs and policies perpetuate systemic barriers to opportunities and benefits for people of color and other underserved groups. Such assessments will better equip agencies to develop policies and programs that deliver resources and benefits equitably to all.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order: (a) The term "equity" means the consistent and systematic fair, just, and impartial treatment of all individuals, including individuals who belong to underserved communities that have been denied such treatment, such as Black, Latino, and Indigenous and Native American persons, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and other persons of color; members of religious minorities; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) persons; persons with disabilities; persons who live in rural areas; and persons otherwise adversely affected by persistent poverty or inequality.

(b) The term "underserved communities" refers to populations sharing a particular characteristic, as well as geographic communities, that have been systematically denied a full opportunity to participate in aspects of economic, social, and civic life, as exemplified by the list in the preceding definition of "equity."

*Role of the Domestic Policy Council*. The role of the White House Domestic Policy Council (DPC) is to coordinate the formulation and implementation of my Administration's domestic policy objectives. Consistent with this role, the DPC will coordinate efforts to embed equity principles, policies, and approaches across the Federal Government. This will include efforts to remove systemic barriers to and provide equal access to opportunities and benefits, identify communities the Federal Government has underserved, and develop policies designed to advance equity for those communities. The DPC-led interagency process will ensure that these efforts are made in coordination with the directors of the National Security Council and the National Economic Council.

*Identifying Methods to Assess Equity*. (a) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall, in partnership with the heads of agencies, study methods for assessing whether agency policies and actions create or exacerbate barriers to full and equal participation by all eligible individuals. The study should aim to identify the best methods, consistent with applicable law, to assist agencies in assessing equity with respect to race, ethnicity, religion, income, geography, gender identity, sexual orientation, and disability.

(b) As part of this study, the Director of OMB shall consider whether to recommend that agencies employ pilot programs to test model assessment tools and assist agencies in doing so.

(c) Within 6 months of the date of this order [Jan. 20, 2021], the Director of OMB shall deliver a report to the President describing the best practices identified by the study and, as appropriate, recommending approaches to expand use of those methods across the Federal Government.

*Conducting an Equity Assessment in Federal Agencies*. The head of each agency, or designee, shall, in consultation with the Director of OMB, select certain of the agency's programs and policies for a review that will assess whether underserved communities and their members face systemic barriers in accessing benefits and opportunities available pursuant to those policies and programs. The head of each agency, or designee, shall conduct such review and within 200 days of the date of this order provide a report to the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy (APDP) reflecting findings on the following:

(a) Potential barriers that underserved communities and individuals may face to enrollment in and access to benefits and services in Federal programs;

(b) Potential barriers that underserved communities and individuals may face in taking advantage of agency procurement and contracting opportunities;

(c) Whether new policies, regulations, or guidance documents may be necessary to advance equity in agency actions and programs; and

(d) The operational status and level of institutional resources available to offices or divisions within the agency that are responsible for advancing civil rights or whose mandates specifically include serving underrepresented or disadvantaged communities.

*Allocating Federal Resources to Advance Fairness and Opportunity*. The Federal Government should, consistent with applicable law, allocate resources to address the historic failure to invest sufficiently, justly, and equally in underserved communities, as well as individuals from those communities. To this end:

(a) The Director of OMB shall identify opportunities to promote equity in the budget that the President submits to the Congress.

(b) The Director of OMB shall, in coordination with the heads of agencies, study strategies, consistent with applicable law, for allocating Federal resources in a manner that increases investment in underserved communities, as well as individuals from those communities. The Director of OMB shall report the findings of this study to the President.

*Promoting Equitable Delivery of Government Benefits and Equitable Opportunities*. Government programs are designed to serve all eligible individuals. And Government contracting and procurement opportunities should be available on an equal basis to all eligible providers of goods and services. To meet these objectives and to enhance compliance with existing civil rights laws:

(a) Within 1 year of the date of this order, the head of each agency shall consult with the APDP and the Director of OMB to produce a plan for addressing:

(i) any barriers to full and equal participation in programs identified pursuant to section 5(a) of this order; and

(ii) any barriers to full and equal participation in agency procurement and contracting opportunities identified pursuant to section 5(b) of this order.

(b) The Administrator of the U.S. Digital Service, the United States Chief Technology Officer, the Chief Information Officer of the United States, and the heads of other agencies, or their designees, shall take necessary actions, consistent with applicable law, to support agencies in developing such plans.

*Engagement with Members of Underserved Communities*. In carrying out this order, agencies shall consult with members of communities that have been historically underrepresented in the Federal Government and underserved by, or subject to discrimination in, Federal policies and programs. The head of each agency shall evaluate opportunities, consistent with applicable law, to increase coordination, communication, and engagement with community-based organizations and civil rights organizations.

*Establishing an Equitable Data Working Group*. Many Federal datasets are not disaggregated by race, ethnicity, gender, disability, income, veteran status, or other key demographic variables. This lack of data has cascading effects and impedes efforts to measure and advance equity. A first step to promoting equity in Government action is to gather the data necessary to inform that effort.

(a) *Establishment*. There is hereby established an Interagency Working Group on Equitable Data (Data Working Group).

(b) *Membership.*

(i) The Chief Statistician of the United States and the United States Chief Technology Officer shall serve as Co-Chairs of the Data Working Group and coordinate its work. The Data Working Group shall include representatives of agencies as determined by the Co-Chairs to be necessary to complete the work of the Data Working Group, but at a minimum shall include the following officials, or their designees:

(A) the Director of OMB;

(B) the Secretary of Commerce, through the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau;

(C) the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers;

(D) the Chief Information Officer of the United States;

(E) the Secretary of the Treasury, through the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy;

(F) the Chief Data Scientist of the United States; and

(G) the Administrator of the U.S. Digital Service.

(ii) The DPC shall work closely with the Co-Chairs of the Data Working Group and assist in the Data Working Group's interagency coordination functions.

(iii) The Data Working Group shall consult with agencies to facilitate the sharing of information and best practices, consistent with applicable law.

(c) *Functions*. The Data Working Group shall:

(i) through consultation with agencies, study and provide recommendations to the APDP identifying inadequacies in existing Federal data collection programs, policies, and infrastructure across agencies, and strategies for addressing any deficiencies identified; and

(ii) support agencies in implementing actions, consistent with applicable law and privacy interests, that expand and refine the data available to the Federal Government to measure equity and capture the diversity of the American people.

(d) OMB shall provide administrative support for the Data Working Group, consistent with applicable law.

*Revocation*. (a) Executive Order 13950 of September 22, 2020 (Combating Race and Sex Stereotyping) [former 5 U.S.C. 4103 note], is hereby revoked.

(b) The heads of agencies covered by Executive Order 13950 shall review and identify proposed and existing agency actions related to or arising from Executive Order 13950. The head of each agency shall, within 60 days of the date of this order, consider suspending, revising, or rescinding any such actions, including all agency actions to terminate or restrict contracts or grants pursuant to Executive Order 13950, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law.

(c) Executive Order 13958 of November 2, 2020 (Establishing the President's Advisory 1776 Commission) [former 20 U.S.C. 3411 note], is hereby revoked.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) Independent agencies are strongly encouraged to comply with the provisions of this order.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Ex. Ord. No. 14075, June 15, 2022, 87 F.R. 37189, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Our Nation has made great strides in fulfilling the fundamental promises of freedom and equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) Americans, owing to the leadership of generations of LGBTQI+ individuals. In spite of this historic progress, LGBTQI+ individuals and families still face systemic discrimination and barriers to full participation in our Nation's economic and civic life. These disparities and barriers can be the greatest for transgender people and LGBTQI+ people of color. Today, unrelenting political and legislative attacks at the State level—on LGBTQI+ children and families in particular—threaten the civil rights gains of the last half century and put LGBTQI+ people at risk. These attacks defy our American values of liberty and dignity, corrode our democracy, and threaten basic personal safety. They echo the criminalization that LGBTQI+ people continue to face in some 70 countries around the world. The Federal Government must defend the rights and safety of LGBTQI+ individuals.

It is therefore the policy of my Administration to combat unlawful discrimination and eliminate disparities that harm LGBTQI+ individuals and their families, defend their rights and safety, and pursue a comprehensive approach to delivering the full promise of equality for LGBTQI+ individuals, consistent with Executive Order 13988 of January 20, 2021 (Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note].

The Federal Government must take action to address the significant disparities that LGBTQI+ youth face in the foster care system, the misuse of State and local child welfare agencies to target LGBTQI+ youth and families, and the mental health needs of LGBTQI+ youth. My Administration must safeguard LGBTQI+ youth from dangerous practices like so-called "conversion therapy"—efforts to suppress or change an individual's sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression—a discredited practice that research indicates can cause significant harm, including higher rates of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors by LGBTQI+ youth. The Federal Government must strengthen the supports for LGBTQI+ students in our Nation's schools and other education and training programs. It must also address the discrimination and barriers that LGBTQI+ individuals and families face by expanding access to comprehensive health care, including reproductive health; protecting the rights of LGBTQI+ older adults; and preventing and addressing LGBTQI+ homelessness and housing instability. Through these actions, the Federal Government will help ensure that every person—regardless of who they are or whom they love—has the opportunity to live freely and with dignity.

*Addressing Harmful and Discriminatory Legislative Attacks on LGBTQI+ Children, Youth, and Families*. (a) The Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, use the Department of HHS's authorities to protect LGBTQI+ individuals' access to medically necessary care from harmful State and local laws and practices, and shall promote the adoption of promising policies and practices to support health equity, including in the area of mental health care, for LGBTQI+ youth and adults. Within 200 days of the date of this order [June 15, 2022], the Secretary of HHS shall develop and release sample policies for States to safeguard and expand access to health care for LGBTQI+ individuals and their families, including mental health services.

(b) The Secretary of Education shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, use the Department of Education's authorities to support LGBTQI+ students, their families, educators, and other school personnel targeted by harmful State and local laws and practices, and shall promote the adoption of promising policies and practices to support the safety, well-being, and rights of LGBTQI+ students. Within 200 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Education shall develop and release sample policies for supporting LGBTQI+ students' well-being and academic success in schools and educational institutions.

*Addressing Exposure to So-Called Conversion Therapy*. (a) The Secretary of HHS shall establish an initiative to reduce the risk of youth exposure to so-called conversion therapy. As part of that initiative, the Secretary of HHS shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(i) consider whether to issue guidance clarifying for HHS programs and services agencies that so-called conversion therapy does not meet criteria for use in federally funded health and human services programs;

(ii) increase public awareness of the harms and risks associated with so-called conversion therapy for LGBTQI+ youth and their families;

(iii) increase the availability of technical assistance and training to health care and social service providers on evidence-informed promising practices for supporting the health, including mental health, of LGBTQI+ youth, and on the dangers of so-called conversion therapy; and

(iv) seek funding opportunities for providers of evidence-based trauma-informed services to better support survivors of so-called conversion therapy.

(b) The Federal Trade Commission is encouraged to consider whether so-called conversion therapy constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or practice, and to issue such consumer warnings or notices as may be appropriate.

(c) To address so-called conversion therapy around the world, within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of State, in collaboration with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of HHS, and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, shall develop an action plan to promote an end to its use around the world. In developing the action plan, the Secretary of State shall consider the use of United States foreign assistance programs and the United States voice and vote in multilateral development banks and international development institutions of which the United States is a shareholder or donor to take appropriate steps to prevent the use of so-called conversion therapy, as well as to help ensure that United States foreign assistance programs do not use foreign assistance funds for so-called conversion therapy. To further critical data collection, the Secretary of State shall instruct all United States Embassies and Missions worldwide to submit additional information on the practice and incidence of so-called conversion therapy as part of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices.

*Promoting Family Counseling and Support of LGBTQI+ Youth as a Public Health Priority of the United States*. (a) "Family counseling and support programs" are defined for the purposes of this order as voluntary programs in which families and service providers may elect to participate that seek to prevent or reduce behaviors associated with family rejection of LGBTQI+ youth by providing developmentally appropriate support, counseling, or information to parents, families, caregivers, child welfare and school personnel, or health care professionals on how to support an LGBTQI+ youth's safety and well-being.

(b) The Secretary of HHS shall seek to expand the availability of family counseling and support programs in federally funded health, human services, and child welfare programs by:

(i) considering whether to issue guidance regarding the extent to which Federal funding under Title IV–B [42 U.S.C. 620 et seq.] and IV–E [42 U.S.C. 670 et seq.] of the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. Ch. 7, may be used to provide family counseling and support programs;

(ii) considering funding opportunities for programs that implement family counseling and support models;

(iii) considering opportunities through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health to increase Federal research into the impacts of family rejection and family support on the mental health and long-term well-being of LGBTQI+ individuals; and

(iv) ensuring that HHS data, investments, resources, and partnerships related to the CDC Adverse Childhood Experiences program address the disparities faced by LGBTQI+ children and youth.

*Addressing Discrimination and Barriers Faced by LGBTQI+ Children, Youth, Parents, Caretakers, and Families in the Child Welfare System and Juvenile Justice Systems*. (a) The Secretary of HHS shall consider how to use the Department's authorities to strengthen non-discrimination protections on the basis of sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics, in its programs and services, consistent with Executive Order 13988 and applicable legal requirements.

(b) The Secretary of HHS shall direct the Assistant Secretary for Family Support to establish an initiative to partner with State child welfare agencies to help address and eliminate disparities in the child welfare system experienced by LGBTQI+ children, parents, and caregivers, including: the over-representation of LGBTQI+ youth in the child welfare system, including over-representation in congregate placements; disproportionately high rates of abuse, and placements in unsupportive or hostile environments faced by LGBTQI+ youth in foster care; disproportionately high rates of homelessness faced by LGBTQI+ youth who exit foster care; and discrimination faced by LGBTQI+ parents, kin, and foster and adoptive families. The initiative, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, shall also take actions to:

(i) seek funding opportunities for programs and services that improve outcomes for LGBTQI+ children in the child welfare system;

(ii) provide increased training and technical assistance to State child welfare agencies and child welfare personnel on promising practices to support LGBTQI+ youth in foster care and LGBTQI+ parents and caregivers;

(iii) develop sample policies for supporting LGBTQI+ children, parents, and caregivers in the child welfare system;

(iv) promote equity and inclusion for LGBTQI+ foster and adoptive parents in their interactions with the child welfare system;

(v) evaluate the rate of child removals from LGBTQI+ families of origin, in particular families that include LGBTQI+ women of color, and develop proposals to address any disproportionate rates of child removals faced by such families;

(vi) assess and improve the responsible collection and use of data on sexual orientation and gender identity in the child welfare system to measure and address inequities faced by LGBTQI+ children, parents, and caregivers, while safeguarding the privacy, safety, and civil rights of LGBTQI+ youth; and

(vii) advance policies that help to prevent the placement of LGBTQI+ youth in foster and congregate care environments that will be hostile to their gender identity or sexual orientation.

(c) The Attorney General shall establish a clearinghouse within the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention to provide effective training, technical assistance, and other resources for jurisdictions seeking to better serve LGBTQI+ youth using a continuum-of-care framework. The clearinghouse shall include juvenile justice and delinquency prevention programs addressing the needs, including mental health needs, of LGBTQI+ youth.

*Reviewing Eligibility Standards for Federal Benefits and Programs*. (a) Within 180 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of HHS shall conduct a study on the impact that current Federal statutory and regulatory eligibility standards have on the ability of LGBTQI+ and other households as determined by the Secretary to access Federal benefits and programs for families, and shall produce a public report with findings and recommendations that could increase LGBTQI+ and such other households' participation in and eligibility for Federal benefits and programs for families.

(b) Within 100 days of the release of the recommendations required by subsection (a) of this section, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) shall coordinate with executive departments and agencies (agencies) that administer programs that establish eligibility standards for participation by families to complete a review of agencies' current eligibility standards for families. Such agencies shall seek opportunities, consistent with applicable law, to adopt more inclusive eligibility standards in line with the recommendations in the report produced pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

*Safeguarding Access to Health Care and Other Health Supports for LGBTQI+ Individuals*. The Secretary of HHS shall establish an initiative to address the health disparities facing LGBTQI+ youth and adults, take steps to prevent LGBTQI+ suicide, and address the barriers and exclusionary policies that LGBTQI+ individuals and families face in accessing quality, affordable, comprehensive health care, including mental health care, reproductive health care, and HIV prevention and treatment. As part of that initiative, the Secretary of HHS shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(a) seek funding opportunities related to health, including mental health, for LGBTQI+ individuals, especially youth, including resources for the Nation's suicide prevention and crisis support services to support LGBTQI+ individuals;

(b) promote expanded access to comprehensive health care for LGBTQI+ individuals, including by working with States on expanding access to gender-affirming care;

(c) issue guidance through the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, within 100 days of the date of this order, on providing evidence-informed mental health care and substance use treatment and support services for LGBTQI+ youth; and

(d) develop and issue a report, within 1 year of the date of this order, and after consultation with medical experts, medical associations, and individuals with lived expertise, on promising practices for advancing health equity for intersex individuals.

*Supporting LGBTQI+ Students in our Nation's Schools and Educational Institutions*. The Secretary of Education shall establish a Working Group on LGBTQI+ Students and Families, which shall lead an initiative to address discrimination against LGBTQI+ students and strengthen supports for LGBTQI+ students and families. Through that Working Group, the Secretary of Education shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(a) review, revise, develop, and promote guidance, technical assistance, training, promising practices, and sample policies for States, school districts, and other educational institutions to promote safe and inclusive learning environments in which all LGBTQI+ students thrive and to address bullying of LGBTQI+ students;

(b) identify promising practices for helping to ensure that school-based health services and supports, especially mental health services, are accessible to and supportive of LGBTQI+ students;

(c) seek funding opportunities for grantees and programs that will improve educational and health outcomes, especially mental health outcomes, for LGBTQI+ students and other underserved students; and

(d) seek to strengthen supportive services for LGBTQI+ students and families experiencing homelessness, including those provided by the National Center for Homeless Education.

*Preventing and Ending LGBTQI+ Homelessness and Housing Instability*. (a) The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) shall establish a Working Group on LGBTQI+ Homelessness and Housing Equity, which shall lead an initiative that aims to prevent and address homelessness and housing instability among LGBTQI+ individuals, including youth, and households. As part of that initiative, the Secretary of HUD shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(i) identify and address barriers to housing faced by LGBTQI+ individuals, including youth, and families that place them at high risk of housing instability and homelessness;

(ii) provide guidance and technical assistance to HUD contractors, grantees, and programs on effectively and respectfully serving LGBTQI+ individuals, including youth, and families;

(iii) develop and provide guidance, sample policies, technical assistance, and training to Continuums of Care, established pursuant to HUD's Continuum of Care Program; homeless service providers; and housing providers to improve services and outcomes for LGBTQI+ individuals, including youth, and families who are experiencing or are at risk of homelessness, and to ensure compliance with the Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. 3601 *et seq*., and HUD's 2012 and 2016 Equal Access Rules; and

(iv) seek funding opportunities, including through the Youth Homelessness Demonstration Program, for culturally appropriate services that address barriers to housing for LGBTQI+ individuals, including youth, and families, and the high rates of LGBTQI+ youth homelessness.

(b) The Secretary of HHS, through the Assistant Secretary for Family Support, shall, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law:

(i) use agency guidance, training, and technical assistance to implement non-discrimination protections on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in programs established pursuant to the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (Public Law 110–378) [title III of Pub. L. 93–415, 34 U.S.C. 11201 et seq.], and ensure that such programs address LGBTQI+ youth homelessness; and

(ii) coordinate with youth advisory boards funded through the Runaway and Homeless Youth Training and Technical Assistance Center and the National Runaway Safeline to seek input from LGBTQI+ youth who have experienced homelessness on improving federally funded services and programs.

*Strengthening Supports for LGBTQI+ Older Adults*. The Secretary of HHS shall address discrimination, social isolation, and health disparities faced by LGBTQI+ older adults, including by:

(a) developing and publishing guidance on non-discrimination protections on the basis of sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics, and other rights of LGBTQI+ older adults in long-term care settings;

(b) developing and publishing a document parallel to the guidance required by subsection (a) of this section in plain language, titled "Bill of Rights for LGBTQI+ Older Adults," to support LGBTQI+ older adults and providers in understanding the rights of LGBTQI+ older adults in long-term care settings;

(c) considering whether to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking to clarify that LGBTQI+ individuals are included in the definition of "greatest social need" for purposes of targeting outreach, service provision, and funding under the Older Americans Act [of 1965], 42 U.S.C. 3001 *et seq*.; and

(d) considering ways to improve and increase appropriate data collection on sexual orientation and gender identity in surveys on older adults, including by providing technical assistance to States on the collection of such data.

*Promoting Inclusive and Responsible Federal Data Collection Practices*. (a) Advancing equity and full inclusion for LGBTQI+ individuals requires that the Federal Government use evidence and data to measure and address the disparities that LGBTQI+ individuals, families, and households face, while safeguarding privacy, security, and civil rights.

(b) To advance the responsible and effective collection and use of data on sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics (SOGI data), the Co-Chairs of the Interagency Working Group on Equitable Data established in Executive Order 13985 of January 20, 2021 (Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government) [set out above], shall, within 30 days of the date of this order [June 15, 2022], establish a subcommittee on SOGI data to coordinate with agencies on strengthening the Federal Government's collection of SOGI data to advance equity for LGBTQI+ individuals. Within 120 days of the date of this order, the subcommittee shall, in coordination with the Director of OMB, develop and release a Federal Evidence Agenda on LGBTQI+ Equity, which shall:

(i) describe disparities faced by LGBTQI+ individuals that could be better understood through Federal statistics and data collection;

(ii) identify, in coordination with agency Statistical Officials, Chief Science Officers, Chief Data Officers, and Evaluation Officers, Federal data collections where improved SOGI data collection may be important for advancing the Federal Government's ability to measure disparities facing LGBTQI+ individuals; and

(iii) identify practices for all agencies engaging in SOGI data collection to follow in order to safeguard privacy, security, and civil rights, including with regard to appropriate and robust practices of consent for the collection of this data and restrictions on its use or transfer.

(c) Within 200 days of the date of this order, the head of each agency that conducts relevant programs or statistical surveys related to the Federal Evidence Agenda on LGBTQI+ Equity shall submit to the Co-Chairs of the Interagency Working Group on Equitable Data a SOGI Data Action Plan, which shall detail how the agency plans to use SOGI data to advance equity for LGBTQI+ individuals and shall identify how the agency plans to implement the recommendations in the Federal Evidence Agenda on LGBTQI+ Equity.

(d) To support implementation of agency SOGI Data Action Plans, the head of each agency shall include in the agency's annual budget submission to the Director of OMB a request for any necessary funding increases to support improved SOGI data practices.

(e) Within 180 days of the date of this order, to support agencies in appropriately collecting and using SOGI data, the Director of OMB, through the Chief Statistician of the United States, shall publish a report with recommendations for agencies on the best practices for the collection of SOGI data on Federal statistical surveys, including strategies to preserve data privacy and safety.

(f) On an annual basis, the Director of OMB, through the Chief Statistician of the United States, shall evaluate the efficacy of SOGI data practices across agencies, and shall consider whether to update reports, guidance, or directives based upon the latest evidence and research as needed.

*Reporting*. Within 1 year of the date of this order:

(a) The Attorney General shall submit a report to the President through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy (APDP) detailing progress in implementing section 5 of this order;

(b) The Secretary of HHS shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing sections 2 through 7 and 9 through 11 of this order;

(c) The Secretary of Education shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing sections 2, 8, and 11 of this order;

(d) The Secretary of HUD shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing sections 9 and 11 of this order;

(e) The Secretary of State shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing section 3 of this order;

(f) The Director of OMB shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing sections 6 and 11 of this order; and

(g) The Director of OMB, through the Chief Statistician of the United States, shall submit a report to the President through the APDP detailing progress in implementing section 11 of this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Ex. Ord. No. 14091, Feb. 16, 2023, 88 F.R. 10825, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. On my first day in office, I signed Executive Order 13985 of January 20, 2021 (Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government) [set out above], which charged the Federal Government with advancing equity for all, including communities that have long been underserved, and addressing systemic racism in our Nation's policies and programs. By advancing equity, the Federal Government can support and empower all Americans, including the many communities in America that have been underserved, discriminated against, and adversely affected by persistent poverty and inequality. We can also deliver resources and benefits equitably to the people of the United States and rebuild trust in Government.

Over the past 2 years, through landmark legislation—including the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117–2); the bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (Public Law 117–58) (Bipartisan Infrastructure Law); division A of Public Law 117–167, known as the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors (CHIPS) Act of 2022; Public Law 117–169, commonly referred to as the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022; and the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (Public Law 117–159) [see Tables for classifications]—as well as executive action, my Administration has vigorously championed racial equity and has advanced equal opportunity for underserved communities. Executive departments and agencies (agencies) have engaged in historic work assessing how their policies and programs perpetuate barriers for underserved communities and developing strategies for removing those barriers. They have made important progress incorporating an evidence-based approach to equitable policymaking and implementation, and they have crafted new action plans to advance equity. In short, my Administration has embedded a focus on equity into the fabric of Federal policymaking and service delivery. Our work to transform the way the Federal Government serves the American people has been complemented by Executive Order 14035 of June 25, 2021 (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note], which continues to help ensure that my Administration—the most diverse in our Nation's history—reflects the growing diversity of the communities we serve.

My Administration's commitment to equity has produced better decision-making and more equitable outcomes. We have delivered the most equitable economic recovery in memory, and, driven by the expanded Child Tax Credit, we cut child poverty to its lowest rate on record in 2021, including record low Black, Latino, Native American, and rural child poverty. Under my Administration, the economy has created nearly 11 million jobs, and we have brought down unemployment nationwide—in particular for Black and Latino workers, for whom unemployment rates are near 50-year lows. My Administration has provided emergency rental assistance to help millions of families stay in their homes, and we have prohibited Federal contractors from paying people with disabilities subminimum wages. We are rebuilding roads and bridges, replacing the Nation's lead pipes to provide clean drinking water for all, delivering access to affordable high-speed internet to Americans in both rural and urban communities, investing in public transit, and reconnecting communities previously cut off from economic opportunity by highways, rail lines, or disinvestment. My Administration has provided funding to improve accessibility for passengers with disabilities on rail systems and in airports, expanded health coverage for millions of Americans, and expanded home- and community-based services so more people with disabilities and older adults can live independently. We have secured billions of dollars in direct new investments for Tribal Nations and Native American communities and have directed an increase in the share of Federal Government contract spending awarded to small disadvantaged businesses. My Administration has taken action to strengthen public safety, advance criminal justice reform, correct our country's failed approach to marijuana, protect civil rights, and stand up against rising extremism and hate-fueled violence that threaten the fabric of our democracy. We have taken historic steps to advance full equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) Americans, including by ending the ban on transgender service members in our military; prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics across Federal programs; and signing into law the Respect for Marriage Act (Public Law 117–228) [enacting section 1738C of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and provisions set out as notes under section 7 of Title 1, General Provisions, and repealing former section 1738C of Title 28] to preserve protections for the rights of same-sex and interracial couples. My Administration is also implementing the first-ever National Strategy on Gender Equity and Equality to ensure that all people, regardless of gender, have the opportunity to realize their full potential.

These transformative achievements have advanced the work of building a more equitable Nation. Yet, members of underserved communities—many of whom have endured generations of discrimination and disinvestment—still confront significant barriers to realizing the full promise of our great Nation, and the Federal Government has a responsibility to remove these barriers. It is imperative to reject the narrow, cramped view of American opportunity as a zero-sum game. When any person or community is denied freedom, dignity, and prosperity, our entire Nation is held back. But when we lift each other up, we are all lifted up. Therefore, my Administration must take additional action across the Federal Government—in collaboration with civil society, the private sector, and State and local government—to continue the work begun with Executive Order 13985 to combat discrimination and advance equal opportunity, including by redressing unfair disparities and removing barriers to Government programs and services. Achieving racial equity and support for underserved communities is not a one-time project. It must be a multi-generational commitment, and it must remain the responsibility of agencies across the Federal Government. It therefore continues to be the policy of my Administration to advance an ambitious, whole-of-government approach to racial equity and support for underserved communities and to continuously embed equity into all aspects of Federal decision-making.

This order builds upon my previous equity-related Executive Orders by extending and strengthening equity-advancing requirements for agencies, and it positions agencies to deliver better outcomes for the American people. In doing so, the Federal Government shall continue to pursue ambitious goals to build a strong, fair, and inclusive workforce and economy; invest in communities where Federal policies have historically impeded equal opportunity—both rural and urban—in ways that mitigate economic displacement, expand access to capital, preserve housing and neighborhood affordability, root out discrimination in the housing market, and build community wealth; advance equity in health, including mental and behavioral health and well-being; deliver an equitable response to the COVID–19 pandemic; deliver environmental justice and implement the Justice40 Initiative; build prosperity in rural communities; ensure equitable procurement practices, including through small disadvantaged businesses contracting and the Buy Indian Act (25 U.S.C. 47); pursue educational equity so that our Nation's schools put every student on a path to success; improve our Nation's criminal justice system to end unjust disparities, strengthen public safety, and ensure equal justice under law; promote equity in science and root out bias in the design and use of new technologies, such as artificial intelligence; protect the right to vote and realize the promise of our Nation's civil rights laws; and promote equity and human rights around the world through our foreign policy and foreign assistance. By redoubling our efforts, the Federal Government can help bridge the gap between the world we see and the future we seek.

*Establishing Equity-Focused Leadership Across the Federal Government*. (a) *Establishment of Agency Equity Teams*. The Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration, the Commissioner of Social Security, the Administrator of General Services, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Director of the National Science Foundation, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (agency heads) shall, within 30 days of the date of this order [Feb. 16, 2023], ensure that they have in place an Agency Equity Team within their respective agencies to coordinate the implementation of equity initiatives and ensure that their respective agencies are delivering equitable outcomes for the American people.

(i) Each Agency Equity Team shall be led by a designated senior official (senior designee) charged with implementing my Administration's equity initiatives, and shall include senior officials from the office of the agency head and the agency's program, policy, civil rights, regulatory, science, technology, service delivery, financial assistance and grants, data, budget, procurement, public engagement, legal, and evaluation offices, as well as the agency's Chief Diversity Officer, to the extent applicable. Agency Equity Teams shall include a combination of competitive service employees, as defined by 5 U.S.C. 2102(a), and appointees, as defined in Executive Order 13989 of January 20, 2021 (Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel) [5 U.S.C. 7301 note], and, to the extent practicable, shall build upon and coordinate with the agency's existing structures and processes, including with the agency's environmental justice officer designated pursuant to Executive Order 14008 of January 27, 2021 (Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad) [42 U.S.C. 4321 note], and with the senior agency official designated to coordinate with the Gender Policy Council pursuant to Executive Order 14020 of March 8, 2021 (Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note].

(ii) The senior designee at each agency shall be responsible for delivering equitable outcomes, to the extent consistent with applicable law, and shall report to the agency head.

(iii) Each Agency Equity Team shall support continued equity training and equity leadership development for staff across all levels of the agency's workforce.

(iv) Each agency's senior designee shall coordinate with the agency head, agency budget officials, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to ensure that the Agency Equity Team has sufficient resources, including staffing and data collection capacity, to advance the agency's equity goals. Agency heads shall ensure that their respective Agency Equity Teams serve in an advisory and coordination role on priority agency actions.

(b) *Establishment of the White House Steering Committee on Equity*. There is hereby established a White House Steering Committee on Equity (Steering Committee), which shall be chaired by the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. The Steering Committee shall include senior officials representing policy councils and offices within the Executive Office of the President, as appropriate. The Steering Committee shall:

(i) coordinate Government-wide efforts to advance equity;

(ii) coordinate an annual process to consult with agency heads on their respective agencies' Equity Action Plans, established in section 3(a) of this order;

(iii) coordinate with the leadership of the White House Initiatives created by Executive Order 14031 of May 28, 2021 (Advancing Equity, Justice, and Opportunity for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders) [42 U.S.C. 3501 note]; Executive Order 14041 of September 3, 2021 (White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity Through Historically Black Colleges and Universities) [20 U.S.C. 1060 note]; Executive Order 14045 of September 13, 2021 (White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics) [20 U.S.C. 3411 note]; Executive Order 14049 of October 11, 2021 (White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities) [20 U.S.C. 7401 note]; and Executive Order 14050 of October 19, 2021 (White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans) [20 U.S.C. 3411 note];

(iv) coordinate with the White House Environmental Justice Interagency Council to ensure that equity and environmental justice efforts are consistent and mutually reinforcing;

(v) coordinate with the White House Gender Policy Council to align efforts to advance gender equity with broader equity efforts; and

(vi) monitor agencies' activities and promote accountability to ensure that agencies undertake ambitious and measurable steps to deliver equitable outcomes for the American people.

*Delivering Equitable Outcomes Through Government Policies, Programs, and Activities*. Each agency head shall support ongoing implementation of a comprehensive equity strategy that uses the agency's policy, budgetary, programmatic, service-delivery, procurement, data-collection processes, grantmaking, public engagement, research and evaluation, and regulatory functions to enable the agency's mission and service delivery to yield equitable outcomes for all Americans, including underserved communities.

(a) In September 2023, and on an annual basis thereafter, concurrent with the agencies' submission to OMB for the President's Budget, agency heads shall submit an Equity Action Plan to the Steering Committee. The Equity Action Plan shall include actions to advance equity, including under Executive Order 13985, Executive Order 13988 of January 20, 2021 (Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note], Executive Order 14008, and Executive Order 14020.

(b) Each Equity Action Plan, which shall be made public, shall include:

(i) an update on the progress made by the agency on the actions, performance measures, and milestones highlighted in the preceding year's Equity Action Plan, as well as the agency's performance on the annual Environmental Justice Scorecard established pursuant to section 223 of Executive Order 14008, as applicable;

(ii) potential barriers that underserved communities may face in accessing and benefitting from the agency's policies, programs, and activities, including procurement, contracting, and grant opportunities;

(iii) strategies, including new or revised policies and programs, to address the barriers described in subsection (b)(ii) of this section and to ensure equitable access and opportunity for underserved communities; and

(iv) a description of how the agency intends to meaningfully engage with underserved communities, including through accessible, culturally and linguistically appropriate outreach, and the incorporation of the perspectives of those with lived experiences into agency policies, programs, and activities.

(c) Starting with formulation of the Fiscal Year 2025 Budget and for each subsequent year, the Director of OMB shall consider how the President's Budget can support the Equity Action Plans described in subsection (a) of this section in order to reinforce agency efforts to meaningfully engage with and invest in underserved communities and advance equitable outcomes.

(d) To ensure effective implementation of Equity Action Plans, and to strengthen the Federal Government's equitable delivery of resources and benefits to all, agency heads shall:

(i) prioritize and incorporate strategies to advance equity—including by pursuing evidence-based approaches, reducing administrative burdens, increasing access to technical assistance, and implementing equitable data practices, consistent with applicable law, into their respective:

(A) agency strategic plans developed pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 306(a);

(B) agency performance plans developed pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1115 and 1116;

(C) portions of performance plans relating to human and capital resource requirements to achieve performance goals pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1115(b)(5)(A);

(D) agency priority goals developed pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1120;

(E) evaluation and evidence-building activities pursuant to the Foundations for Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–435) [see Tables for classification] and section 5 of the Presidential Memorandum of January 27, 2021 (Restoring Trust in Government Through Scientific Integrity and Evidence-Based Policymaking) [42 U.S.C. 6601 note];

(F) customer experience capacity assessments and action plans pursuant to section 280 of OMB Circular A–11 and Executive Order 14058 of December 13, 2021 (Transforming Federal Customer Experience and Service Delivery to Rebuild Trust in Government) [31 U.S.C. 501 note];

(G) selection of items for their respective regulatory agendas and plans pursuant to sections 4(b) and (c) of Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 (Regulatory Planning and Review) [set out above], as amended;

(H) individual performance plans for senior executives consistent with 5 U.S.C. 4312, and for other senior employees consistent with 5 U.S.C. 4302; and

(I) as permitted by law, activities, acquisitions, and strategies that the Director of OMB determines to be appropriate to further the implementation of this order;

(ii) identify opportunities, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, to incorporate into new regulations and to modify their respective agencies' regulations, internal- and public-facing guidance, and other policies to include advancing equity as part of their respective agencies' missions; and

(iii) promote coordination within and among their respective agencies concerning the elements of their respective Equity Action Plans and the recommendations of the Interagency Working Group on Equitable Data established in Executive Order 13985.

*Embedding Equity into Government-wide Processes*.

(a) The Director of OMB shall consider opportunities to review and update internal processes, directives, and Government-wide guidance (such as OMB Circulars and Memoranda) to support equitable decision-making, promote equitable deployment of financial and technical assistance, and assist agencies in advancing equity, as appropriate and wherever possible.

(b) When designing, developing, acquiring, and using artificial intelligence and automated systems in the Federal Government, agencies shall do so, consistent with applicable law, in a manner that advances equity.

*Delivering Equitable Outcomes in Partnership with Underserved Communities*. Underserved communities often face significant barriers and legacy exclusions in engaging with agencies and providing input on Federal policies and programs that affect them. Agencies must increase engagement with underserved communities by identifying and applying innovative approaches to improve the quality, frequency, and accessibility of engagement. Agencies shall, consistent with applicable law:

(a) conduct proactive engagement, as appropriate, with members of underserved communities—for example, through culturally and linguistically appropriate listening sessions, outreach events, or requests for information—during development and implementation of agencies' respective annual Equity Action Plans, annual budget submissions, grants and funding opportunities, and other actions, including those outlined in section 3(d) of this order;

(b) collaborate with OMB, as appropriate, to identify and develop tools and methods for engagement with underserved communities, including those related to agency budget development and rulemaking;

(c) create more flexibilities, incentives, and guidelines for recipients of Federal funding and permits to proactively engage with underserved communities as projects are designed and implemented;

(d) identify funding opportunities for community- and faith-based organizations working in and with underserved communities to improve access to benefits and services for members of underserved communities; and

(e) identify and address barriers for individuals with disabilities, as well as older adults, to participate in the engagement process, including barriers to the accessibility of physical spaces, virtual platforms, presentations, systems, training, and documents.

*Creating Economic Opportunity in Rural America and Advancing Urban Equitable Development*. (a) Agencies shall undertake efforts, to the extent consistent with applicable law, to help rural communities identify and access Federal resources in order to create equitable economic opportunity and advance projects that build community wealth, including by providing or supporting technical assistance; incentivizing the creation of good, high-paying union jobs in rural areas; conducting outreach to and soliciting input from rural community leaders; and contributing new resources and support to interagency programs such as the Rural Partners Network.

(b) Agencies shall undertake efforts, to the extent consistent with applicable law, to strengthen urban equitable development policies and practices, such as advancing community wealth building projects; preventing physical and economic displacement as the result of Federal investments; facilitating equitable flows of private capital, including to underserved communities; and incorporating outcome-based metrics focused on urban equitable development in the design and deployment of Federal programs and policies. To support these efforts, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy shall issue a policy memorandum on actions agencies can take to advance urban equitable development.

(c) Executive Order 13946 of August 24, 2020 (Targeting Opportunity Zones and Other Distressed Communities for Federal Site Locations) [85 F.R. 52879], including the amendments it made to Executive Order 12072 of August 16, 1978 (Federal Space Management) [40 U.S.C. 121 note], and to Executive Order 13006 of May 21, 1996 (Locating Federal Facilities on Historic Properties in Our Nation's Central Cities) [40 U.S.C. 3306 note], is revoked. Executive Orders 12072 and 13006 are reinstated as they were prior to issuance of Executive Order 13946. Executive Order 13853 of December 12, 2018 (Establishing the White House Opportunity and Revitalization Council) [42 U.S.C. 5301 note], is also revoked. All agencies shall, consistent with applicable law, including the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 et seq.), consider taking prompt action to revoke any rules, regulations, guidelines, or policies implementing these Presidential actions that are inconsistent with the provisions of this order. Further, agencies shall ensure that planning for new Federal facilities or new leases includes consideration of neighborhoods and locations that are near existing employment centers and are accessible to a broad range of the region's workforce and population by public transit (where it exists), consistent with Executive Order 12072. Agencies shall identify displacement risks associated with Federal facility siting and development and shall engage with any community that may be affected, along with appropriate regional and local officials, to mitigate those displacement risks.

*Advancing Equitable Procurement*. (a) The Government-wide goal for Federal procurement dollars awarded to small business concerns owned and controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals (SDBs) shall be 15 percent in Fiscal Year 2025. In furtherance of this goal, OMB shall set a Government-wide SDB goal for Fiscal Year 2024. The Small Business Administration shall, on an annual basis, work with each agency to establish an agency-specific goal that, in aggregate, supports the Government-wide goal. Further, agencies shall undertake efforts to increase contracting opportunities for all other small business concerns as described in the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. ch. 14A) [§631 et seq.].

(b) Agencies shall expand procurement opportunities for SDBs through Federal financial assistance, consistent with applicable law, under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, and other Federal financial assistance programs.

*Affirmatively Advancing Civil Rights*. Agencies shall comprehensively use their respective civil rights authorities and offices to prevent and address discrimination and advance equity for all, including to increase the effects of civil rights enforcement and to increase public awareness of civil rights principles, consistent with applicable law. Agencies shall consider opportunities to:

(a) further elevate their respective civil rights offices, including by directing that their most senior civil rights officer report to the agency head;

(b) ensure that their respective civil rights offices are consulted on decisions regarding the design, development, acquisition, and use of artificial intelligence and automated systems;

(c) increase coordination, communication, and engagement with community-based organizations and civil rights organizations;

(d) increase the capacity, including staffing capacity, of their respective civil rights offices, in coordination with OMB;

(e) improve accessibility for people with disabilities and improve language access services to ensure that all communities can engage with agencies' respective civil rights offices, including by fully implementing Executive Order 13166 of August 11, 2000 (Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency) [42 U.S.C. 2000d–1 note]; and

(f) prevent and remedy discrimination, including by protecting the public from algorithmic discrimination.

*Further Advancing Equitable Data Practices*. The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Equitable Data shall, to the extent consistent with applicable law, coordinate the implementation of relevant recommendations of the Interagency Working Group on Equitable Data established in Executive Order 13985. The Director of OSTP shall provide a report on the Subcommittee's progress to the Steering Committee every January and July.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) The term "equity" means the consistent and systematic treatment of all individuals in a fair, just, and impartial manner, including individuals who belong to communities that often have been denied such treatment, such as Black, Latino, Indigenous and Native American, Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander persons and other persons of color; members of religious minorities; women and girls; LGBTQI+ persons; persons with disabilities; persons who live in rural areas; persons who live in United States Territories; persons otherwise adversely affected by persistent poverty or inequality; and individuals who belong to multiple such communities.

(b) The term "underserved communities" refers to those populations as well as geographic communities that have been systematically denied the opportunity to participate fully in aspects of economic, social, and civic life, as defined in Executive Orders 13985 and 14020.

(c) The term "equitable development" refers to a positive development approach that employs processes, policies, and programs that aim to meet the needs of all communities and community members, with a particular focus on underserved communities and populations.

(d) The term "community wealth building" refers to an approach to economic development that strengthens the capacities of underserved communities by ensuring institutions and local economies have ownership models with greater community participation and control. This results in upgrading skills, growing entrepreneurs, increasing incomes, expanding net asset ownership, and fostering social well-being.

(e) The term "equitable data" refers to data that allow for rigorous assessment of the extent to which Government programs and policies yield consistently fair, just, and impartial treatment of all individuals.

(f) The term "algorithmic discrimination" refers to instances when automated systems contribute to unjustified different treatment or impacts disfavoring people based on their actual or perceived race, color, ethnicity, sex (including based on pregnancy, childbirth, and related conditions; gender identity; intersex status; and sexual orientation), religion, age, national origin, limited English proficiency, disability, veteran status, genetic information, or any other classification protected by law.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) Agencies not covered by section 2(a) of this order, including independent agencies, are strongly encouraged to comply with the provisions of this order.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Ex. Ord. No. 14094, Apr. 6, 2023, 88 F.R. 21879, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to modernize the regulatory process to advance policies that promote the public interest and address national priorities, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Improving the Effectiveness of the Regulatory Review Process*. (a) This order supplements and reaffirms the principles, structures, and definitions governing contemporary regulatory review established in Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993 (Regulatory Planning and Review) [set out above], and Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) [set out above]. Any provisions of those orders not amended in this order shall remain in effect. This order also further implements the Presidential Memorandum of January 20, 2021 (Modernizing Regulatory Review) [86 F.R. 7223].

(b) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12866, set out above]

*Affirmative Promotion of Inclusive Regulatory Policy and Public Participation*. (a) To the extent practicable and consistent with applicable law, regulatory actions should be informed by input from interested or affected communities; State, local, territorial, and Tribal officials and agencies; interested or affected parties in the private sector and other regulated entities; those with expertise in relevant disciplines; and the public as a whole. Opportunities for public participation shall be designed to promote equitable and meaningful participation by a range of interested or affected parties, including underserved communities.

(b) To inform the regulatory planning process, executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall, to the extent practicable and consistent with applicable law:

(i) clarify opportunities for interested persons to petition for the issuance, amendment, or repeal of a rule under 5 U.S.C. 553(e);

(ii) endeavor to respond to such petitions efficiently, in light of agency judgments of available resources and priorities; and

(iii) maintain, subject to available resources, a log of such petitions received, and share with the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), upon request, information on the status of recently resolved and pending petitions.

(c) To inform the development of regulatory agendas and plans, agencies shall endeavor, as practicable and appropriate, to proactively engage interested or affected parties, including members of underserved communities; consumers; workers and labor organizations; program beneficiaries; businesses and regulated entities; those with expertise in relevant disciplines; and other parties that may be interested or affected. These efforts shall incorporate, to the extent consistent with applicable law, best practices for information accessibility and engagement with interested or affected parties, including, as practicable and appropriate, community-based outreach; outreach to organizations that work with interested or affected parties; use of agency field offices; use of alternative platforms and media for engaging the public; and expansion of public capacity for engaging in the rulemaking process.

(d) The Administrator of OIRA, in consultation with relevant agencies, as appropriate, shall consider guidance or tools to modernize the notice-and-comment process, including through technological changes. These reforms may include guidance or tools to address mass comments, computer-generated comments (such as those generated through artificial intelligence), and falsely attributed comments.

(e) Section 6(b)(4) of Executive Order 12866 establishes a process for persons not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government to request meetings with OIRA officials regarding the substance of regulatory actions under OIRA review. Public trust in the regulatory process depends on protecting regulatory development from the risk or appearance of disparate and undue influence, including in the OIRA review process. In order to reduce this risk or appearance, the Administrator of OIRA shall, to the extent practicable and consistent with applicable law:

(i) Provide information to facilitate the initiation of meeting requests regarding regulatory actions under OIRA review from potential participants not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government who have not historically requested such meetings, including those from underserved communities; and

(ii) Implement reforms to improve procedures and policies with respect to OIRA's consideration of meeting requests initiated by persons not employed by the executive branch of the Federal Government regarding the substance of regulatory actions under OIRA review to further the efficiency and effectiveness of such meetings. These reforms may include:

(A) efforts to ensure access for meeting requesters who have not historically requested such meetings;

(B) discouraging meeting requests that are duplicative of earlier meetings with OIRA regarding the same regulatory action by the same meeting requesters;

(C) consolidation of meetings by requester, subject matter, or any other consistently applied factors deemed appropriate to improve efficiency and effectiveness; and

(D) disclosure of data in an open, machine-readable, and accessible format that includes the dates and names of individuals involved in all substantive meetings and the subject matter discussed during such meetings, as required by section 6(b)(4)(C)(iii) of Executive Order 12866, so as to better facilitate transparency and analysis.

*Improving Regulatory Analysis*. (a) Regulatory analysis should facilitate agency efforts to develop regulations that serve the public interest, advance statutory objectives, and are consistent with Executive Order 12866, Executive Order 13563, and the Presidential Memorandum of January 20, 2021 (Modernizing Regulatory Review). Regulatory analysis, as practicable and appropriate, shall recognize distributive impacts and equity, to the extent permitted by law.

(b) Within 1 year of the date of this order [Apr. 6, 2023], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, through the Administrator of OIRA and in consultation with the Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers and representatives of relevant agencies, shall issue revisions to the Office of Management and Budget's Circular A–4 of September 17, 2003 (Regulatory Analysis), in order to implement the policy set forth in subsection (a) of this section.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 20621, provided:

Memorandum for

The Secretary of State

The Secretary of the Treasury

The Secretary of Defense

The Attorney General

The Secretary of the Interior

The Secretary of Agriculture

The Secretary of Commerce

The Secretary of Labor

The Secretary of Health and Human Services

The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

The Secretary of Transportation

The Secretary of Energy

The Secretary of Education

The Secretary of Veterans Affairs

The Administrator, Environmental Protection Agency

The Administrator, Small Business Administration

The Secretary of the Army

The Secretary of the Navy

The Secretary of the Air Force

The Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency

The Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The Director, National Science Foundation

The Acting Archivist of the United States

The Administrator of General Services

The Chair, Railroad Retirement Board

The Chairperson, Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board

The Executive Director, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation

On March 16, I announced that the Administration would implement new policies to give compliance officials more flexibility in dealing with small business and to cut back on paperwork. These Governmentwide policies, as well as the specific agency actions I announced, are part of this Administration's continuing commitment to sensible regulatory reform. With your help and cooperation, we hope to move the Government toward a more flexible, effective, and user friendly approach to regulation.

A. *Actions*: This memorandum directs the designated department and agency heads to implement the policies set forth below.

1. *Authority to Waive Penalties*. (a) To the extent permitted by law, each agency shall use its discretion to modify the penalties for small businesses in the following situations. Agencies shall exercise their enforcement discretion to waive the imposition of all or a portion of a penalty when the violation is corrected within a time period appropriate to the violation in question. For those violations that may take longer to correct than the period set by the agency, the agency shall use its enforcement discretion to waive up to 100 percent of the financial penalties if the amounts waived are used to bring the entity into compliance. The provisions in paragraph 1(a) of this memorandum shall apply only where there has been a good faith effort to comply with applicable regulations and the violation does not involve criminal wrongdoing or significant threat to health, safety, or the environment.

(b) Each agency shall, by June 15, 1995, submit a plan to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget ("Director") describing the actions it will take to implement the policies in paragraph 1(a) of this memorandum. The plan shall provide that the agency will implement the policies described in paragraph 1(a) of this memorandum on or before July 14, 1995. Plans should include information on how notification will be given to frontline workers and small businesses.

2. *Cutting Frequency of Reports*. (a) Each agency shall reduce by one-half the frequency of the regularly scheduled reports that the public is required, by rule or by policy, to provide to the Government (from quarterly to semiannually, from semiannually to annually, etc.), unless the department or agency head determines that such action is not legally permissible; would not adequately protect health, safety, or the environment; would be inconsistent with achieving regulatory flexibility or reducing regulatory burdens; or would impede the effective administration of the agency's program. The duty to make such determinations shall be nondelegable.

(b) Each agency shall, by June 15, 1995, submit a plan to the Director describing the actions it will take to implement the policies in paragraph 2(a), including a copy of any determination that certain reports are excluded.

B. *Application and Scope*: 1. The Director may issue further guidance as necessary to carry out the purposes of this memorandum.

2. This memorandum does not apply to matters related to law enforcement, national security, or foreign affairs, the importation or exportation of prohibited or restricted items, Government taxes, duties, fees, revenues, or receipts; nor does it apply to agencies (or components thereof) whose principal purpose is the collection, analysis, and dissemination of statistical information.

3. This memorandum is not intended, and should not be construed, to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or its employees.

4. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

[References to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to be considered to refer and apply to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security.]

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 1, 1998, 63 F.R. 31885, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

The Vice President and I have made reinventing the Federal Government a top priority of my Administration. We are determined to make the Government more responsive, accessible, and understandable in its communications with the public.

The Federal Government's writing must be in plain language. By using plain language, we send a clear message about what the Government is doing, what it requires, and what services it offers. Plain language saves the Government and the private sector time, effort, and money.

Plain language requirements vary from one document to another, depending on the intended audience. Plain language documents have logical organization, easy-to-read design features, and use:

• common, everyday words, except for necessary technical terms;

• "you" and other pronouns;

• the active voice; and

• short sentences.

To ensure the use of plain language, I direct you to do the following:

• By October 1, 1998, use plain language in all new documents, other than regulations, that explain how to obtain a benefit or service or how to comply with a requirement you administer or enforce. For example, these documents may include letters, forms, notices, and instructions. By January 1, 2002, all such documents created prior to October 1, 1998, must also be in plain language.

• By January 1, 1999, use plain language in all proposed and final rulemaking documents published in the Federal Register, unless you proposed the rule before that date. You should consider rewriting existing regulations in plain language when you have the opportunity and resources to do so.

The National Partnership for Reinventing Government will issue guidance to help you comply with these directives and to explain more fully the elements of plain language. You should also use customer feedback and common sense to guide your plain language efforts.

I ask the independent agencies to comply with these directives.

This memorandum does not confer any right or benefit enforceable by law against the United States or its representatives. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget will publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 20, 2009, 74 F.R. 24693, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

From our Nation's founding, the American constitutional order has been a Federal system, ensuring a strong role for both the national Government and the States. The Federal Government's role in promoting the general welfare and guarding individual liberties is critical, but State law and national law often operate concurrently to provide independent safeguards for the public. Throughout our history, State and local governments have frequently protected health, safety, and the environment more aggressively than has the national Government.

An understanding of the important role of State governments in our Federal system is reflected in longstanding practices by executive departments and agencies, which have shown respect for the traditional prerogatives of the States. In recent years, however, notwithstanding Executive Order 13132 of August 4, 1999 (Federalism), executive departments and agencies have sometimes announced that their regulations preempt State law, including State common law, without explicit preemption by the Congress or an otherwise sufficient basis under applicable legal principles.

The purpose of this memorandum is to state the general policy of my Administration that preemption of State law by executive departments and agencies should be undertaken only with full consideration of the legitimate prerogatives of the States and with a sufficient legal basis for preemption. Executive departments and agencies should be mindful that in our Federal system, the citizens of the several States have distinctive circumstances and values, and that in many instances it is appropriate for them to apply to themselves rules and principles that reflect these circumstances and values. As Justice Brandeis explained more than 70 years ago, "[i]t is one of the happy incidents of the federal system that a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and try novel social and economic experiments without risk to the rest of the country."

To ensure that executive departments and agencies include statements of preemption in regulations only when such statements have a sufficient legal basis:

1. Heads of departments and agencies should not include in regulatory preambles statements that the department or agency intends to preempt State law through the regulation except where preemption provisions are also included in the codified regulation.

2. Heads of departments and agencies should not include preemption provisions in codified regulations except where such provisions would be justified under legal principles governing preemption, including the principles outlined in Executive Order 13132.

3. Heads of departments and agencies should review regulations issued within the past 10 years that contain statements in regulatory preambles or codified provisions intended by the department or agency to preempt State law, in order to decide whether such statements or provisions are justified under applicable legal principles governing preemption. Where the head of a department or agency determines that a regulatory statement of preemption or codified regulatory provision cannot be so justified, the head of that department or agency should initiate appropriate action, which may include amendment of the relevant regulation.

Executive departments and agencies shall carry out the provisions of this memorandum to the extent permitted by law and consistent with their statutory authorities. Heads of departments and agencies should consult as necessary with the Attorney General and the Office of Management and Budget's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs to determine how the requirements of this memorandum apply to particular situations.

This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 18, 2011, 76 F.R. 3825, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

My Administration is committed to enhancing effectiveness and efficiency in Government. Pursuant to the Memorandum on Transparency and Open Government, issued on January 21, 2009, executive departments and agencies (agencies) have been working steadily to promote accountability, encourage collaboration, and provide information to Americans about their Government's activities.

To that end, much progress has been made toward strengthening our democracy and improving how Government operates. In the regulatory area, several agencies, such as the Department of Labor and the Environmental Protection Agency, have begun to post online (at ogesdw.dol.gov and www.epa-echo.gov), and to make readily accessible to the public, information concerning their regulatory compliance and enforcement activities, such as information with respect to administrative inspections, examinations, reviews, warnings, citations, and revocations (but excluding law enforcement or otherwise sensitive information about ongoing enforcement actions).

Greater disclosure of regulatory compliance information fosters fair and consistent enforcement of important regulatory obligations. Such disclosure is a critical step in encouraging the public to hold the Government and regulated entities accountable. Sound regulatory enforcement promotes the welfare of Americans in many ways, by increasing public safety, improving working conditions, and protecting the air we breathe and the water we drink. Consistent regulatory enforcement also levels the playing field among regulated entities, ensuring that those that fail to comply with the law do not have an unfair advantage over their law-abiding competitors. Greater agency disclosure of compliance and enforcement data will provide Americans with information they need to make informed decisions. Such disclosure can lead the Government to hold itself more accountable, encouraging agencies to identify and address enforcement gaps.

Accordingly, I direct the following:

*First*, agencies with broad regulatory compliance and administrative enforcement responsibilities, within 120 days of this memorandum, to the extent feasible and permitted by law, shall develop plans to make public information concerning their regulatory compliance and enforcement activities accessible, downloadable, and searchable online. In so doing, agencies should prioritize making accessible information that is most useful to the general public and should consider the use of new technologies to allow the public to have access to real-time data. The independent agencies are encouraged to comply with this directive.

*Second*, the Federal Chief Information Officer and the Chief Technology Officer shall work with appropriate counterparts in each agency to make such data available online in searchable form, including on centralized platforms such as data.gov, in a manner that facilitates easy access, encourages cross-agency comparisons, and engages the public in new and creative ways of using the information.

*Third*, the Federal Chief Information Officer and the Chief Technology Officer, in coordination with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and their counterparts in each agency, shall work to explore how best to generate and share enforcement and compliance information across the Government, consistent with law. Such data sharing can assist with agencies' risk-based approaches to enforcement: A lack of compliance in one area by a regulated entity may indicate a need for examination and closer attention by another agency. Efforts to share data across agencies, where appropriate and permitted by law, may help to promote flexible and coordinated enforcement regimes.

This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

The Director of OMB is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 18, 2011, 76 F.R. 3827, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Small businesses play an essential role in the American economy; they help to fuel productivity, economic growth, and job creation. More than half of all Americans working in the private sector either are employed by a small business or own one. During a recent 15-year period, small businesses created more than 60 percent of all new jobs in the Nation.

Although small businesses and new companies provide the foundations for economic growth and job creation, they have faced severe challenges as a result of the recession. One consequence has been the loss of significant numbers of jobs.

The Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), 5 U.S.C. 601–612, establishes a deep national commitment to achieving statutory goals without imposing unnecessary burdens on the public. The RFA emphasizes the importance of recognizing "differences in the scale and resources of regulated entities" and of considering "alternative regulatory approaches . . . which minimize the significant economic impact of rules on small businesses, small organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions." 5 U.S.C. 601 note.

To promote its central goals, the RFA imposes a series of requirements designed to ensure that agencies produce regulatory flexibility analyses that give careful consideration to the effects of their regulations on small businesses and explore significant alternatives in order to minimize any significant economic impact on small businesses. Among other things, the RFA requires that when an agency proposing a rule with such impact is required to provide notice of the proposed rule, it must also produce an initial regulatory flexibility analysis that includes discussion of significant alternatives. Significant alternatives include the use of performance rather than design standards; simplification of compliance and reporting requirements for small businesses; establishment of different timetables that take into account the resources of small businesses; and exemption from coverage for small businesses.

Consistent with the goal of open government, the RFA also encourages public participation in and transparency about the rulemaking process. Among other things, the statute requires agencies proposing rules with a significant economic impact on small businesses to provide an opportunity for public comment on any required initial regulatory flexibility analysis, and generally requires agencies promulgating final rules with such significant economic impact to respond, in a final regulatory flexibility analysis, to comments filed by the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration.

My Administration is firmly committed to eliminating excessive and unjustified burdens on small businesses, and to ensuring that regulations are designed with careful consideration of their effects, including their cumulative effects, on small businesses. Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993, as amended, states, "Each agency shall tailor its regulations to impose the least burden on society, including individuals, businesses of differing sizes, and other entities (including small communities and governmental entities), consistent with obtaining the regulatory objectives, taking into account, among other things, and to the extent practicable, the costs of cumulative regulations."

In the current economic environment, it is especially important for agencies to design regulations in a cost-effective manner consistent with the goals of promoting economic growth, innovation, competitiveness, and job creation.

Accordingly, I hereby direct executive departments and agencies and request independent agencies, when initiating rulemaking that will have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, to give serious consideration to whether and how it is appropriate, consistent with law and regulatory objectives, to reduce regulatory burdens on small businesses, through increased flexibility. As the RFA recognizes, such flexibility may take many forms, including:

• extended compliance dates that take into account the resources available to small entities;

• performance standards rather than design standards;

• simplification of reporting and compliance requirements (as, for example, through streamlined forms and electronic filing options);

• different requirements for large and small firms; and

• partial or total exemptions.

I further direct that whenever an executive agency chooses, for reasons other than legal limitations, not to provide such flexibility in a proposed or final rule that is likely to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, it should explicitly justify its decision not to do so in the explanation that accompanies that proposed or final rule.

Adherence to these requirements is designed to ensure that regulatory actions do not place unjustified economic burdens on small business owners and other small entities. If regulations are preceded by careful analysis, and subjected to public comment, they are less likely to be based on intuition and guesswork and more likely to be justified in light of a clear understanding of the likely consequences of alternative courses of action. With that understanding, agencies will be in a better position to protect the public while avoiding excessive costs and paperwork.

This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person. Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 17, 2013, 78 F.R. 30733, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Reliable, safe, and resilient infrastructure is the backbone of an economy built to last. Investing in our Nation's infrastructure serves as an engine for job creation and economic growth, while bringing immediate and long-term economic benefits to communities across the country. The quality of our infrastructure is critical to maintaining our Nation's competitive edge in a global economy and to securing our path to energy independence. In taking steps to improve our infrastructure, we must remember that the protection and continued enjoyment of our Nation's environmental, historical, and cultural resources remain an equally important driver of economic opportunity, resiliency, and quality of life.

Through the implementation of Executive Order 13604 of March 22, 2012 (Improving Performance of Federal Permitting and Review of Infrastructure Projects), executive departments and agencies (agencies) have achieved better outcomes for communities and the environment and realized substantial time savings in review and permitting by prioritizing the deployment of resources to specific sectors and projects, and by implementing best-management practices.

These best-management practices include: integrating project reviews among agencies with permitting responsibilities; ensuring early coordination with other Federal agencies, as well as with State, local, and tribal governments; strategically engaging with, and conducting outreach to, stakeholders; employing project-planning processes and individual project designs that consider local and regional ecological planning goals; utilizing landscape- and watershed-level mitigation practices; promoting the sharing of scientific and environmental data in open-data formats to minimize redundancy, facilitate informed project planning, and identify data gaps early in the review and permitting process; promoting performance-based permitting and regulatory approaches; expanding the use of general permits where appropriate; improving transparency and accountability through the electronic tracking of review and permitting schedules; and applying best environmental and cultural practices as set forth in existing statutes and policies.

Based on the process and policy improvements that are already being implemented across the Federal Government, we can continue to modernize the Federal Government's review and permitting of infrastructure projects and reduce aggregate timelines for major infrastructure projects by half, while also improving outcomes for communities and the environment by institutionalizing these best-management practices, and by making additional improvements to enhance efficiencies in the application of regulations and processes involving multiple agencies—including expanding the use of web-based techniques for sharing project-related information, facilitating targeted and relevant environmental reviews, and providing meaningful opportunities for public input through stakeholder engagement.

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and to advance the goal of cutting aggregate timelines for major infrastructure projects in half, while also improving outcomes for communities and the environment, I hereby direct the following:

*Modernization of Review and Permitting Regulations, Policies, and Procedures*. (a) The Steering Committee on Federal Infrastructure Permitting and Review Process Improvement (Steering Committee), established by Executive Order 13604, shall work with the Chief Performance Officer (CPO), in coordination with the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), to modernize Federal infrastructure review and permitting regulations, policies, and procedures to significantly reduce the aggregate time required by the Federal Government to make decisions in the review and permitting of infrastructure projects, while improving environmental and community outcomes.

This modernization shall build upon and incorporate reforms identified by agencies pursuant to Executive Order 13604 and Executive Order 13563 of January 18, 2011 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review).

(b) Through an interagency process, coordinated by the CPO and working closely with CEQ and OIRA, the Steering Committee shall conduct the following modernization efforts:

(i) Within 60 days of the date of this memorandum, the Steering Committee shall identify and prioritize opportunities to modernize key regulations, policies, and procedures—both agency-specific and those involving multiple agencies—to reduce the aggregate project review and permitting time, while improving environmental and community outcomes.

(ii) Within 120 days of the date of this memorandum, the Steering Committee shall prepare a plan for a comprehensive modernization of Federal review and permitting for infrastructure projects based on the analysis required by subsection (b)(i) of this section that outlines specific steps for re-engineering both the intra- and inter-agency review and approval processes based on experience implementing Executive Order 13604. The plan shall identify proposed actions and associated timelines to:

(1) institutionalize or expand best practices or process improvements that agencies are already implementing to improve the efficiency of reviews, while improving outcomes for communities and the environment;

(2) revise key review and permitting regulations, policies, and procedures (both agency-specific and Government-wide);

(3) identify high-performance attributes of infrastructure projects that demonstrate how the projects seek to advance existing statutory and policy objectives and how they lead to improved outcomes for communities and the environment, thereby facilitating a faster and more efficient review and permitting process;

(4) create process efficiencies, including additional use of concurrent and integrated reviews;

(5) identify opportunities to use existing share-in-cost authorities and other non-appropriated funding sources to support early coordination and project review;

(6) effectively engage the public and interested stakeholders;

(7) expand coordination with State, local, and tribal governments;

(8) strategically expand the use of information technology (IT) tools and identify priority areas for IT investment to replace paperwork processes, enhance effective project siting decisions, enhance interagency collaboration, and improve the monitoring of project impacts and mitigation commitments; and

(9) identify improvements to mitigation policies to provide project developers with added predictability, facilitate landscape-scale mitigation based on conservation plans and regional environmental assessments, facilitate interagency mitigation plans where appropriate, ensure accountability and the long-term effectiveness of mitigation activities, and utilize innovative mechanisms where appropriate.

The modernization plan prepared pursuant to this section shall take into account funding and resource constraints and shall prioritize implementation accordingly.

(c) Infrastructure sectors covered by the modernization effort include: surface transportation, such as roadways, bridges, railroads, and transit; aviation; ports and related infrastructure, including navigational channels; water resources projects; renewable energy generation; conventional energy production in high-demand areas; electricity transmission; broadband; pipelines; storm water infrastructure; and other sectors as determined by the Steering Committee.

(d) The following agencies or offices and their relevant sub-divisions shall engage in the modernization effort:

(i) the Department of Defense;

(ii) the Department of the Interior;

(iii) the Department of Agriculture;

(iv) the Department of Commerce;

(v) the Department of Transportation;

(vi) the Department of Energy;

(vii) the Department of Homeland Security;

(viii) the Environmental Protection Agency;

(ix) the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation;

(x) the Department of the Army;

(xi) the Council on Environmental Quality; and

(xii) such other agencies or offices as the CPO may invite to participate.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals, or the regulatory review process.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with Executive Order 12898 of February 11, 1994 (Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations), Executive Order 13175 of November 6, 2000 (Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments), and my memorandum of November 5, 2009 (Tribal Consultation).

(d) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(e) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 16, 2015, 80 F.R. 3455, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

The United States is significantly underinvesting in both the maintenance of existing public infrastructure and the development of new infrastructure projects. While there is no replacement for adequate public funding, innovative financing options and increased collaboration between the private and public sectors can help to increase overall investment in infrastructure.

However, a major challenge for innovative infrastructure projects, whether using emerging technologies or alternative financing, is the lack of funding for the phases of infrastructure project development that precede actual construction. Infrastructure projects require upfront costs, commonly known as "predevelopment" costs, for activities such as project and system planning, economic impact analyses, preliminary engineering assessments, and environmental review. Although only accounting for a small percentage of total costs, predevelopment activities have considerable influence on which projects will move forward, where and how they will be built, who will fund them, and who will benefit from them. Yet, in light of factors like fiscal constraints, the extent of overall needs, and risk aversion, State, local, and tribal governments tend to focus scarce resources on constructing and developing conventional projects and addressing their most critical infrastructure needs, thereby underinvesting in predevelopment.

Greater attention to the predevelopment phase could yield a range of benefits—for example, providing the opportunity to develop longer-term, more innovative, and more complex infrastructure projects and facilitating assessment of a range of financing approaches, including public-private partnerships. Additional investment in predevelopment costs also may enable State, local, and tribal governments to utilize innovations in infrastructure design and emerging technologies, reduce long-term costs to infrastructure project users, and provide other benefits, such as improved environmental performance and enhanced resilience to climate change.

The Federal Government can meaningfully expand opportunities for public-private collaboration, encourage more transformational projects, and improve project outcomes by encouraging Federal investment in robust predevelopment activities and providing other forms of support, such as technical assistance, to communities during the predevelopment phase.

Therefore, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I hereby direct the following:

*Policy*. It shall be the policy of the Federal Government for all executive departments and agencies (agencies) that provide grants, technical assistance, and other forms of support for nonfederal domestic infrastructure assets, or regulate the development of these infrastructure assets, to actively support nonfederal predevelopment activities with all available tools, including grants, technical assistance, and regulatory changes, to the extent permitted by law and consistent with agency mission. Agencies shall seek to make predevelopment funding and support available, as permitted by law and consistent with agency mission and where it is in the public interest and does not supplant existing public investment, to encourage opportunities for private sector investment. Agencies shall pay particular attention to predevelopment activities in sectors where State, local, and tribal governments have traditionally played a significant role, such as surface transportation, drinking water, sewage and storm water management systems, landside ports, and social infrastructure like schools and community facilities.

*Definitions*. For the purposes of this memorandum:

(a) "Predevelopment activities" means activities that provide decisionmakers with the opportunity to identify and assess potential infrastructure projects and modifications to existing infrastructure projects, and to advance those projects from the conceptual phase to actual construction. Predevelopment activities include:

(i) project planning, feasibility studies, economic assessments and cost-benefit analyses, and public benefit studies and value-for-money analyses;

(ii) design and engineering;

(iii) financial planning (including the identification of funding and financing options);

(iv) permitting, environmental review, and regulatory processes;

(v) assessment of the impacts of potential projects on the area, including the effect on communities, the environment, the workforce, and wages and benefits, as well as assessment of infrastructure vulnerability and resilience to climate change and other risks; and

(vi) public outreach and community engagement.

(b) "Predevelopment funding" means funding for predevelopment activities and associated costs, such as flexible staff, external advisors, convening potential investment partners, and associated legal costs directly related to predevelopment activities.

*Federal Action to Support Predevelopment Activities*. Agencies shall take the following actions to support predevelopment activities:

(a) the Department of Commerce, through the Economic Development Administration's Public Works grants and Economic Adjustment Assistance grants, and consistent with the programs' mission and goals, shall take steps to increase assistance for the predevelopment phase of infrastructure projects;

(b) the Department of Transportation shall develop guidance to clarify where predevelopment activities are eligible for funding through its programs. To further encourage early collaboration in the project development process, the Department of Transportation shall also clarify options for providing early feedback into environmental review processes;

(c) the Department of Homeland Security shall clarify for grantees where predevelopment funding is available through the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program;

(d) the Department of Housing and Urban Development shall clarify for grantees how the Community Development Block Grant program and other Federal funding sources can be used for predevelopment activities;

(e) the Department of Agriculture shall develop guidance to clarify where predevelopment activities are eligible for funding through its programs, including grants for water and waste projects pursuant to 7 CFR 1780.1 et seq., the Special Evaluation Assistance for Rural Communities and Households Program, the Community Facilities Grant program, and the Watershed and Flood Prevention Operations Program. To encourage innovative predevelopment work, the Department of Agriculture shall also train Water and Environmental Programs field staff on predevelopment best practices and prioritize predevelopment in the Department of Agriculture's project development process; and

(f) the other members of the Working Group established in section 3 of my memorandum of July 17, 2014 (Expanding Public-Private Collaboration on Infrastructure Development and Financing), shall take such steps as appropriate to clarify program eligibilities related to predevelopment activities for nonfederal domestic infrastructure assets.

*Implementation, Public Education, and Best Practices*. The Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, and Homeland Security, and the Environmental Protection Agency shall develop plans for implementing the requirements of this memorandum, providing technical assistance to nonfederal actors engaged in predevelopment activities, and educating grantees and the public on the benefits of predevelopment and the Federal resources available for these activities. These agencies shall also work together to develop a guide for nonfederal actors undertaking nonfederal predevelopment activities that includes best practices on how to evaluate and compare traditional and alternative financing strategies. No later than 60 days after the date of this memorandum, these agencies shall provide these plans and the best practice guide to the Director of the National Economic Council. Subsequently, these agencies shall provide regular updates to the Director of the National Economic Council on their progress in increasing support for predevelopment activities.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(c) The Secretary of Transportation is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

(a) During the months of October and April of each year, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a regulatory flexibility agenda which shall contain—

(1) a brief description of the subject area of any rule which the agency expects to propose or promulgate which is likely to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities;

(2) a summary of the nature of any such rule under consideration for each subject area listed in the agenda pursuant to paragraph (1), the objectives and legal basis for the issuance of the rule, and an approximate schedule for completing action on any rule for which the agency has issued a general notice of proposed rulemaking,1 and

(3) the name and telephone number of an agency official knowledgeable concerning the items listed in paragraph (1).

(b) Each regulatory flexibility agenda shall be transmitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment, if any.

(c) Each agency shall endeavor to provide notice of each regulatory flexibility agenda to small entities or their representatives through direct notification or publication of the agenda in publications likely to be obtained by such small entities and shall invite comments upon each subject area on the agenda.

(d) Nothing in this section precludes an agency from considering or acting on any matter not included in a regulatory flexibility agenda, or requires an agency to consider or act on any matter listed in such agenda.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1166.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.

(a) Whenever an agency is required by section 553 of this title, or any other law, to publish general notice of proposed rulemaking for any proposed rule, or publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking for an interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United States, the agency shall prepare and make available for public comment an initial regulatory flexibility analysis. Such analysis shall describe the impact of the proposed rule on small entities. The initial regulatory flexibility analysis or a summary shall be published in the Federal Register at the time of the publication of general notice of proposed rulemaking for the rule. The agency shall transmit a copy of the initial regulatory flexibility analysis to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration. In the case of an interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United States, this chapter applies to interpretative rules published in the Federal Register for codification in the Code of Federal Regulations, but only to the extent that such interpretative rules impose on small entities a collection of information requirement.

(b) Each initial regulatory flexibility analysis required under this section shall contain—

(1) a description of the reasons why action by the agency is being considered;

(2) a succinct statement of the objectives of, and legal basis for, the proposed rule;

(3) a description of and, where feasible, an estimate of the number of small entities to which the proposed rule will apply;

(4) a description of the projected reporting, recordkeeping and other compliance requirements of the proposed rule, including an estimate of the classes of small entities which will be subject to the requirement and the type of professional skills necessary for preparation of the report or record;

(5) an identification, to the extent practicable, of all relevant Federal rules which may duplicate, overlap or conflict with the proposed rule.

(c) Each initial regulatory flexibility analysis shall also contain a description of any significant alternatives to the proposed rule which accomplish the stated objectives of applicable statutes and which minimize any significant economic impact of the proposed rule on small entities. Consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes, the analysis shall discuss significant alternatives such as—

(1) the establishment of differing compliance or reporting requirements or timetables that take into account the resources available to small entities;

(2) the clarification, consolidation, or simplification of compliance and reporting requirements under the rule for such small entities;

(3) the use of performance rather than design standards; and

(4) an exemption from coverage of the rule, or any part thereof, for such small entities.

(d)(1) For a covered agency, as defined in section 609(d)(2), each initial regulatory flexibility analysis shall include a description of—

(A) any projected increase in the cost of credit for small entities;

(B) any significant alternatives to the proposed rule which accomplish the stated objectives of applicable statutes and which minimize any increase in the cost of credit for small entities; and

(C) advice and recommendations of representatives of small entities relating to issues described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) and subsection (b).

(2) A covered agency, as defined in section 609(d)(2), shall, for purposes of complying with paragraph (1)(C)—

(A) identify representatives of small entities in consultation with the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration; and

(B) collect advice and recommendations from the representatives identified under subparagraph (A) relating to issues described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) and subsection (b).

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1166; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §241(a)(1), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 864; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1100G(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2112.)

**2010**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–203 added subsec. (d).

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–121, §241(a)(1)(B), inserted at end "In the case of an interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United States, this chapter applies to interpretative rules published in the Federal Register for codification in the Code of Federal Regulations, but only to the extent that such interpretative rules impose on small entities a collection of information requirement."

Pub. L. 104–121, §241(a)(1)(A), which directed the insertion of ", or publishes a notice of proposed rulemaking for an interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United States" after "proposed rule" was executed by making the insertion where those words appeared in first sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, except that the requirements of this section applicable only to rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was issued on or after Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a) When an agency promulgates a final rule under section 553 of this title, after being required by that section or any other law to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking, or promulgates a final interpretative rule involving the internal revenue laws of the United States as described in section 603(a), the agency shall prepare a final regulatory flexibility analysis. Each final regulatory flexibility analysis shall contain—

(1) a statement of the need for, and objectives of, the rule;

(2) a statement of the significant issues raised by the public comments in response to the initial regulatory flexibility analysis, a statement of the assessment of the agency of such issues, and a statement of any changes made in the proposed rule as a result of such comments;

(3) the response of the agency to any comments filed by the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration in response to the proposed rule, and a detailed statement of any change made to the proposed rule in the final rule as a result of the comments;

(4) a description of and an estimate of the number of small entities to which the rule will apply or an explanation of why no such estimate is available;

(5) a description of the projected reporting, recordkeeping and other compliance requirements of the rule, including an estimate of the classes of small entities which will be subject to the requirement and the type of professional skills necessary for preparation of the report or record;

(6) 1 a description of the steps the agency has taken to minimize the significant economic impact on small entities consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes, including a statement of the factual, policy, and legal reasons for selecting the alternative adopted in the final rule and why each one of the other significant alternatives to the rule considered by the agency which affect the impact on small entities was rejected; and

(6) 1 for a covered agency, as defined in section 609(d)(2), a description of the steps the agency has taken to minimize any additional cost of credit for small entities.

(b) The agency shall make copies of the final regulatory flexibility analysis available to members of the public and shall publish in the Federal Register such analysis or a summary thereof.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1167; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §241(b), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 864; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1100G(c), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2113; Pub. L. 111–240, title I, §1601, Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2551.)

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(1), struck out "succinct" before "statement".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(2), substituted "statement" for "summary" before "of the significant issues" and "of the assessment".

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(3), (4), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(3), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5), relating to description of steps taken to minimize the significant economic impact on small entities, redesignated (6).

Pub. L. 111–203, §1100G(c)(1), which directed amendment of par. (4) by striking "and" at the end, was executed to par. (5) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (4) as (5) by Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(3). See above.

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(3), redesignated par. (5), relating to description of steps taken to minimize the significant economic impact on small entities, as (6).

Pub. L. 111–203, §1100G(c)(3), added par. (6) relating to description of steps taken to minimize any additional cost of credit for small entities.

Pub. L. 111–203, §1100G(c)(2), which directed amendment of par. (5) by substituting "; and" for period at end, was executed to par. (6), relating to description of steps taken to minimize the significant economic impact on small entities, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening redesignation of par. (5) as (6) by Pub. L. 111–240, §1601(3). See above.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–121, §241(b)(1), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "When an agency promulgates a final rule under section 553 of this title, after being required by that section or any other law to publish a general notice of proposed rulemaking, the agency shall prepare a final regulatory flexibility analysis. Each final regulatory flexibility analysis shall contain—

"(1) a succinct statement of the need for, and the objectives of, the rule;

"(2) a summary of the issues raised by the public comments in response to the initial regulatory flexibility analysis, a summary of the assessment of the agency of such issues, and a statement of any changes made in the proposed rule as a result of such comments; and

"(3) a description of each of the significant alternatives to the rule consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes and designed to minimize any significant economic impact of the rule on small entities which was considered by the agency, and a statement of the reasons why each one of such alternatives was rejected."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–121, §241(b)(2), substituted "such analysis or a summary thereof." for "at the time of publication of the final rule under section 553 of this title a statement describing how the public may obtain such copies."

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, except that the requirements of this section applicable only to rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was issued on or after Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

1 So in original. Two pars. (6) have been enacted.

(a) Any Federal agency may perform the analyses required by sections 602, 603, and 604 of this title in conjunction with or as a part of any other agenda or analysis required by any other law if such other analysis satisfies the provisions of such sections.

(b) Sections 603 and 604 of this title shall not apply to any proposed or final rule if the head of the agency certifies that the rule will not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. If the head of the agency makes a certification under the preceding sentence, the agency shall publish such certification in the Federal Register at the time of publication of general notice of proposed rulemaking for the rule or at the time of publication of the final rule, along with a statement providing the factual basis for such certification. The agency shall provide such certification and statement to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration.

(c) In order to avoid duplicative action, an agency may consider a series of closely related rules as one rule for the purposes of sections 602, 603, 604 and 610 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1167; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §243(a), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 866.)

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–121 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "Sections 603 and 604 of this title shall not apply to any proposed or final rule if the head of the agency certifies that the rule will not, if promulgated, have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. If the head of the agency makes a certification under the preceding sentence, the agency shall publish such certification in the Federal Register, at the time of publication of general notice of proposed rulemaking for the rule or at the time of publication of the final rule, along with a succinct statement explaining the reasons for such certification, and provide such certification and statement to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

The requirements of sections 603 and 604 of this title do not alter in any manner standards otherwise applicable by law to agency action.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1168.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

In complying with the provisions of sections 603 and 604 of this title, an agency may provide either a quantifiable or numerical description of the effects of a proposed rule or alternatives to the proposed rule, or more general descriptive statements if quantification is not practicable or reliable.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1168.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a) An agency head may waive or delay the completion of some or all of the requirements of section 603 of this title by publishing in the Federal Register, not later than the date of publication of the final rule, a written finding, with reasons therefor, that the final rule is being promulgated in response to an emergency that makes compliance or timely compliance with the provisions of section 603 of this title impracticable.

(b) Except as provided in section 605(b), an agency head may not waive the requirements of section 604 of this title. An agency head may delay the completion of the requirements of section 604 of this title for a period of not more than one hundred and eighty days after the date of publication in the Federal Register of a final rule by publishing in the Federal Register, not later than such date of publication, a written finding, with reasons therefor, that the final rule is being promulgated in response to an emergency that makes timely compliance with the provisions of section 604 of this title impracticable. If the agency has not prepared a final regulatory analysis pursuant to section 604 of this title within one hundred and eighty days from the date of publication of the final rule, such rule shall lapse and have no effect. Such rule shall not be repromulgated until a final regulatory flexibility analysis has been completed by the agency.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1168.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a) When any rule is promulgated which will have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, the head of the agency promulgating the rule or the official of the agency with statutory responsibility for the promulgation of the rule shall assure that small entities have been given an opportunity to participate in the rulemaking for the rule through the reasonable use of techniques such as—

(1) the inclusion in an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking, if issued, of a statement that the proposed rule may have a significant economic effect on a substantial number of small entities;

(2) the publication of general notice of proposed rulemaking in publications likely to be obtained by small entities;

(3) the direct notification of interested small entities;

(4) the conduct of open conferences or public hearings concerning the rule for small entities including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks; and

(5) the adoption or modification of agency procedural rules to reduce the cost or complexity of participation in the rulemaking by small entities.

(b) Prior to publication of an initial regulatory flexibility analysis which a covered agency is required to conduct by this chapter—

(1) a covered agency shall notify the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration and provide the Chief Counsel with information on the potential impacts of the proposed rule on small entities and the type of small entities that might be affected;

(2) not later than 15 days after the date of receipt of the materials described in paragraph (1), the Chief Counsel shall identify individuals representative of affected small entities for the purpose of obtaining advice and recommendations from those individuals about the potential impacts of the proposed rule;

(3) the agency shall convene a review panel for such rule consisting wholly of full time Federal employees of the office within the agency responsible for carrying out the proposed rule, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within the Office of Management and Budget, and the Chief Counsel;

(4) the panel shall review any material the agency has prepared in connection with this chapter, including any draft proposed rule, collect advice and recommendations of each individual small entity representative identified by the agency after consultation with the Chief Counsel, on issues related to subsections 603(b), paragraphs (3), (4) and (5) and 603(c);

(5) not later than 60 days after the date a covered agency convenes a review panel pursuant to paragraph (3), the review panel shall report on the comments of the small entity representatives and its findings as to issues related to subsections 603(b), paragraphs (3), (4) and (5) and 603(c), provided that such report shall be made public as part of the rulemaking record; and

(6) where appropriate, the agency shall modify the proposed rule, the initial regulatory flexibility analysis or the decision on whether an initial regulatory flexibility analysis is required.

(c) An agency may in its discretion apply subsection (b) to rules that the agency intends to certify under subsection 605(b), but the agency believes may have a greater than de minimis impact on a substantial number of small entities.

(d) For purposes of this section, the term "covered agency" means—

(1) the Environmental Protection Agency;

(2) the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau of the Federal Reserve System; and

(3) the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the Department of Labor.

(e) The Chief Counsel for Advocacy, in consultation with the individuals identified in subsection (b)(2), and with the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs within the Office of Management and Budget, may waive the requirements of subsections (b)(3), (b)(4), and (b)(5) by including in the rulemaking record a written finding, with reasons therefor, that those requirements would not advance the effective participation of small entities in the rulemaking process. For purposes of this subsection, the factors to be considered in making such a finding are as follows:

(1) In developing a proposed rule, the extent to which the covered agency consulted with individuals representative of affected small entities with respect to the potential impacts of the rule and took such concerns into consideration.

(2) Special circumstances requiring prompt issuance of the rule.

(3) Whether the requirements of subsection (b) would provide the individuals identified in subsection (b)(2) with a competitive advantage relative to other small entities.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1168; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §244(a), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 867; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, §1100G(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 2112.)

**2010**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "means—" for "means the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration of the Department of Labor." and added pars. (1) to (3).

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–121, §244(a)(2), (3), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted "including soliciting and receiving comments over computer networks" after "entities" in par. (4).

Pub. L. 104–121, §244(a)(1), which directed insertion of "the reasonable use of" before "techniques," in introductory provisions, was executed by making the insertion in text which did not contain a comma after the word "techniques" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 104–121, §244(a)(4), added subsecs. (b) to (e).

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the designated transfer date, see section 1100H of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 552a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §244(b), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 868, provided that: "Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 29, 1996], the head of each covered agency that has conducted a final regulatory flexibility analysis shall designate a small business advocacy chairperson using existing personnel to the extent possible, to be responsible for implementing this section and to act as permanent chair of the agency's review panels established pursuant to this section."

(a) Within one hundred and eighty days after the effective date of this chapter, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a plan for the periodic review of the rules issued by the agency which have or will have a significant economic impact upon a substantial number of small entities. Such plan may be amended by the agency at any time by publishing the revision in the Federal Register. The purpose of the review shall be to determine whether such rules should be continued without change, or should be amended or rescinded, consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes, to minimize any significant economic impact of the rules upon a substantial number of such small entities. The plan shall provide for the review of all such agency rules existing on the effective date of this chapter within ten years of that date and for the review of such rules adopted after the effective date of this chapter within ten years of the publication of such rules as the final rule. If the head of the agency determines that completion of the review of existing rules is not feasible by the established date, he shall so certify in a statement published in the Federal Register and may extend the completion date by one year at a time for a total of not more than five years.

(b) In reviewing rules to minimize any significant economic impact of the rule on a substantial number of small entities in a manner consistent with the stated objectives of applicable statutes, the agency shall consider the following factors—

(1) the continued need for the rule;

(2) the nature of complaints or comments received concerning the rule from the public;

(3) the complexity of the rule;

(4) the extent to which the rule overlaps, duplicates or conflicts with other Federal rules, and, to the extent feasible, with State and local governmental rules; and

(5) the length of time since the rule has been evaluated or the degree to which technology, economic conditions, or other factors have changed in the area affected by the rule.

(c) Each year, each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a list of the rules which have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, which are to be reviewed pursuant to this section during the succeeding twelve months. The list shall include a brief description of each rule and the need for and legal basis of such rule and shall invite public comment upon the rule.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1169.)

The effective date of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), is Jan. 1, 1981. See Effective Date note set out under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a)(1) For any rule subject to this chapter, a small entity that is adversely affected or aggrieved by final agency action is entitled to judicial review of agency compliance with the requirements of sections 601, 604, 605(b), 608(b), and 610 in accordance with chapter 7. Agency compliance with sections 607 and 609(a) shall be judicially reviewable in connection with judicial review of section 604.

(2) Each court having jurisdiction to review such rule for compliance with section 553, or under any other provision of law, shall have jurisdiction to review any claims of noncompliance with sections 601, 604, 605(b), 608(b), and 610 in accordance with chapter 7. Agency compliance with sections 607 and 609(a) shall be judicially reviewable in connection with judicial review of section 604.

(3)(A) A small entity may seek such review during the period beginning on the date of final agency action and ending one year later, except that where a provision of law requires that an action challenging a final agency action be commenced before the expiration of one year, such lesser period shall apply to an action for judicial review under this section.

(B) In the case where an agency delays the issuance of a final regulatory flexibility analysis pursuant to section 608(b) of this chapter, an action for judicial review under this section shall be filed not later than—

(i) one year after the date the analysis is made available to the public, or

(ii) where a provision of law requires that an action challenging a final agency regulation be commenced before the expiration of the 1-year period, the number of days specified in such provision of law that is after the date the analysis is made available to the public.

(4) In granting any relief in an action under this section, the court shall order the agency to take corrective action consistent with this chapter and chapter 7, including, but not limited to—

(A) remanding the rule to the agency, and

(B) deferring the enforcement of the rule against small entities unless the court finds that continued enforcement of the rule is in the public interest.

(5) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of any court to stay the effective date of any rule or provision thereof under any other provision of law or to grant any other relief in addition to the requirements of this section.

(b) In an action for the judicial review of a rule, the regulatory flexibility analysis for such rule, including an analysis prepared or corrected pursuant to paragraph (a)(4), shall constitute part of the entire record of agency action in connection with such review.

(c) Compliance or noncompliance by an agency with the provisions of this chapter shall be subject to judicial review only in accordance with this section.

(d) Nothing in this section bars judicial review of any other impact statement or similar analysis required by any other law if judicial review of such statement or analysis is otherwise permitted by law.

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1169; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §242, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 865.)

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–121 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), any determination by an agency concerning the applicability of any of the provisions of this chapter to any action of the agency shall not be subject to judicial review.

"(b) Any regulatory flexibility analysis prepared under sections 603 and 604 of this title and the compliance or noncompliance of the agency with the provisions of this chapter shall not be subject to judicial review. When an action for judicial review of a rule is instituted, any regulatory flexibility analysis for such rule shall constitute part of the whole record of agency action in connection with the review.

"(c) Nothing in this section bars judicial review of any other impact statement or similar analysis required by any other law if judicial review of such statement or analysis is otherwise provided by law."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

(a) The Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration shall monitor agency compliance with this chapter and shall report at least annually thereon to the President and to the Committees on the Judiciary and Small Business of the Senate and House of Representatives.

(b) The Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration is authorized to appear as amicus curiae in any action brought in a court of the United States to review a rule. In any such action, the Chief Counsel is authorized to present his or her views with respect to compliance with this chapter, the adequacy of the rulemaking record with respect to small entities and the effect of the rule on small entities.

(c) A court of the United States shall grant the application of the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business Administration to appear in any such action for the purposes described in subsection (b).

(Added Pub. L. 96–354, §3(a), Sept. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 1170; amended Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §243(b), Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 866.)

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–121, §243(b)(1), which directed substitution of "the Committees on the Judiciary and Small Business of the Senate and House of Representatives" for "the committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Select Committee on Small Business of the Senate, and the Committee on Small Business of the House of Representatives", was executed by making the substitution for "the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Select Committee on Small Business of the Senate, and the Committee on Small Business of the House of Representatives" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–121, §243(b)(2), substituted "his or her views with respect to compliance with this chapter, the adequacy of the rulemaking record with respect to small entities and the" for "his views with respect to the".

Committee on Small Business of Senate changed to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of Senate. See Senate Resolution No. 123, One Hundred Seventh Congress, June 29, 2001.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–121 effective on expiration of 90 days after Mar. 29, 1996, but inapplicable to interpretative rules for which a notice of proposed rulemaking was published prior to Mar. 29, 1996, see section 245 of Pub. L. 104–121, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1981, see section 4 of Pub. L. 96–354, set out as a note under section 601 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (a) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 191 of House Document No. 103–7.


The provisions of sections 551 to 559 of this title and this chapter were originally enacted by act June 11, 1946, ch. 324, 60 Stat. 237, popularly known as the "Administrative Procedure Act". That Act was repealed as part of the general revision of this title by Pub. L. 89–554 and its provisions incorporated into sections 551 to 559 of this title and this chapter.

(a) This chapter applies, according to the provisions thereof, except to the extent that—

(1) statutes preclude judicial review; or

(2) agency action is committed to agency discretion by law.

(b) For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means each authority of the Government of the United States, whether or not it is within or subject to review by another agency, but does not include—

(A) the Congress;

(B) the courts of the United States;

(C) the governments of the territories or possessions of the United States;

(D) the government of the District of Columbia;

(E) agencies composed of representatives of the parties or of representatives of organizations of the parties to the disputes determined by them;

(F) courts martial and military commissions;

(G) military authority exercised in the field in time of war or in occupied territory; or

(H) functions conferred by sections 1738, 1739, 1743, and 1744 of title 12; subchapter II of chapter 471 of title 49; or sections 1884, 1891–1902, and former section 1641(b)(2), of title 50, appendix; 1 and

(2) "person", "rule", "order", "license", "sanction", "relief", and "agency action" have the meanings given them by section 551 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(a), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1373; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(3), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1009 (introductory clause). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10 (introductory clause), 60 Stat. 243. |


In subsection (a), the words "This chapter applies, according to the provisions thereof," are added to avoid the necessity of repeating the introductory clause of former section 1009 in sections 702–706.

Subsection (b) is added on authority of section 2 of the Act of June 11, 1946, ch. 324, 60 Stat. 237, as amended, which is carried into section 551 of this title.

In subsection (b)(1)(G), the words "or naval" are omitted as included in "military".

In subsection (b)(1)(H), the words "functions which by law expire on the termination of present hostilities, within any fixed period thereafter, or before July 1, 1947" are omitted as executed. Reference to the "Selective Training and Service Act of 1940" is omitted as that Act expired on Mar. 31, 1947. Reference to the "Sugar Control Extension Act of 1947" is omitted as that Act expired on Mar. 31, 1948. References to the "Housing and Rent Act of 1947, as amended" and the "Veterans' Emergency Housing Act of 1946" have been consolidated as they are related. The reference to former section 1641(b)(2) of title 50, appendix, is retained notwithstanding its repeal by §111(a)(1) of the Act of Sept. 21, 1961, Pub. L. 87–256, 75 Stat. 538, since §111(c) of the Act provides that a reference in other Acts to a provision of law repealed by §111(a) shall be considered to be a reference to the appropriate provisions of Pub. L. 87–256.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Sections 1884 and 1891–1902 of title 50, appendix, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(H), were a part of the various Housing and Rent Acts which were classified to section 1881 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, and had been repealed or omitted from the Code as executed prior to the elimination of the Appendix to Title 50. See Elimination of Title 50, Appendix note preceding section 1 of Title 50. Section 1641 of title 50, appendix, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(H), was repealed by Pub. L. 87–256, §111(a)(1), Sept. 21, 1961, 75 Stat. 538.

**2011**—Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 111–350 struck out "chapter 2 of title 41;" after "title 12;".

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(1)(H). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "subchapter II of chapter 471 of title 49; or sections" for "or sections 1622,".

1 See References in Text note below.

A person suffering legal wrong because of agency action, or adversely affected or aggrieved by agency action within the meaning of a relevant statute, is entitled to judicial review thereof. An action in a court of the United States seeking relief other than money damages and stating a claim that an agency or an officer or employee thereof acted or failed to act in an official capacity or under color of legal authority shall not be dismissed nor relief therein be denied on the ground that it is against the United States or that the United States is an indispensable party. The United States may be named as a defendant in any such action, and a judgment or decree may be entered against the United States: *Provided,* That any mandatory or injunctive decree shall specify the Federal officer or officers (by name or by title), and their successors in office, personally responsible for compliance. Nothing herein (1) affects other limitations on judicial review or the power or duty of the court to dismiss any action or deny relief on any other appropriate legal or equitable ground; or (2) confers authority to grant relief if any other statute that grants consent to suit expressly or impliedly forbids the relief which is sought.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 94–574, §1, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2721.)

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5 U.S.C. 1009(a). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(a), 60 Stat. 243. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–574 removed the defense of sovereign immunity as a bar to judicial review of Federal administrative action otherwise subject to judicial review.

The form of proceeding for judicial review is the special statutory review proceeding relevant to the subject matter in a court specified by statute or, in the absence or inadequacy thereof, any applicable form of legal action, including actions for declaratory judgments or writs of prohibitory or mandatory injunction or habeas corpus, in a court of competent jurisdiction. If no special statutory review proceeding is applicable, the action for judicial review may be brought against the United States, the agency by its official title, or the appropriate officer. Except to the extent that prior, adequate, and exclusive opportunity for judicial review is provided by law, agency action is subject to judicial review in civil or criminal proceedings for judicial enforcement.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 392; Pub. L. 94–574, §1, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2721.)

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5 U.S.C. 1009(b). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(b), 60 Stat. 243. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–574 provided that if no special statutory review proceeding is applicable, the action for judicial review may be brought against the United States, the agency by its official title, or the appropriate officer as defendant.

Agency action made reviewable by statute and final agency action for which there is no other adequate remedy in a court are subject to judicial review. A preliminary, procedural, or intermediate agency action or ruling not directly reviewable is subject to review on the review of the final agency action. Except as otherwise expressly required by statute, agency action otherwise final is final for the purposes of this section whether or not there has been presented or determined an application for a declaratory order, for any form of reconsideration, or, unless the agency otherwise requires by rule and provides that the action meanwhile is inoperative, for an appeal to superior agency authority.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 392.)

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5 U.S.C. 1009(c). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(c), 60 Stat. 243. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of this report.

When an agency finds that justice so requires, it may postpone the effective date of action taken by it, pending judicial review. On such conditions as may be required and to the extent necessary to prevent irreparable injury, the reviewing court, including the court to which a case may be taken on appeal from or on application for certiorari or other writ to a reviewing court, may issue all necessary and appropriate process to postpone the effective date of an agency action or to preserve status or rights pending conclusion of the review proceedings.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 393.)

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5 U.S.C. 1009(d). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(d), 60 Stat. 243. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of this report.

To the extent necessary to decision and when presented, the reviewing court shall decide all relevant questions of law, interpret constitutional and statutory provisions, and determine the meaning or applicability of the terms of an agency action. The reviewing court shall—

(1) compel agency action unlawfully withheld or unreasonably delayed; and

(2) hold unlawful and set aside agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be—

(A) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;

(B) contrary to constitutional right, power, privilege, or immunity;

(C) in excess of statutory jurisdiction, authority, or limitations, or short of statutory right;

(D) without observance of procedure required by law;

(E) unsupported by substantial evidence in a case subject to sections 556 and 557 of this title or otherwise reviewed on the record of an agency hearing provided by statute; or

(F) unwarranted by the facts to the extent that the facts are subject to trial de novo by the reviewing court.

In making the foregoing determinations, the court shall review the whole record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 393.)

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5 U.S.C. 1009(e). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §10(e), 60 Stat. 243. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of this report.

Pub. L. 85–791, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 941, which authorized abbreviation of record on review or enforcement of orders of administrative agencies and review on the original papers, provided, in section 35 thereof, that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] shall not be construed to repeal or modify any provision of the Administrative Procedure Act [see Short Title note set out preceding section 551 of this title]."


(a)(1)(A) Before a rule can take effect, the Federal agency promulgating such rule shall submit to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General a report containing—

(i) a copy of the rule;

(ii) a concise general statement relating to the rule, including whether it is a major rule; and

(iii) the proposed effective date of the rule.

(B) On the date of the submission of the report under subparagraph (A), the Federal agency promulgating the rule shall submit to the Comptroller General and make available to each House of Congress—

(i) a complete copy of the cost-benefit analysis of the rule, if any;

(ii) the agency's actions relevant to sections 603, 604, 605, 607, and 609;

(iii) the agency's actions relevant to sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995; and

(iv) any other relevant information or requirements under any other Act and any relevant Executive orders.

(C) Upon receipt of a report submitted under subparagraph (A), each House shall provide copies of the report to the chairman and ranking member of each standing committee with jurisdiction under the rules of the House of Representatives or the Senate to report a bill to amend the provision of law under which the rule is issued.

(2)(A) The Comptroller General shall provide a report on each major rule to the committees of jurisdiction in each House of the Congress by the end of 15 calendar days after the submission or publication date as provided in section 802(b)(2). The report of the Comptroller General shall include an assessment of the agency's compliance with procedural steps required by paragraph (1)(B), and shall in addition include an assessment of the agency's compliance with such requirements of the Administrative Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2023 as may be applicable.

(B) Federal agencies shall cooperate with the Comptroller General by providing information relevant to the Comptroller General's report under subparagraph (A).

(3) A major rule relating to a report submitted under paragraph (1) shall take effect on the latest of—

(A) the later of the date occurring 60 days after the date on which—

(i) the Congress receives the report submitted under paragraph (1); or

(ii) the rule is published in the Federal Register, if so published;

(B) if the Congress passes a joint resolution of disapproval described in section 802 relating to the rule, and the President signs a veto of such resolution, the earlier date—

(i) on which either House of Congress votes and fails to override the veto of the President; or

(ii) occurring 30 session days after the date on which the Congress received the veto and objections of the President; or

(C) the date the rule would have otherwise taken effect, if not for this section (unless a joint resolution of disapproval under section 802 is enacted).

(4) Except for a major rule, a rule shall take effect as otherwise provided by law after submission to Congress under paragraph (1).

(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (3), the effective date of a rule shall not be delayed by operation of this chapter beyond the date on which either House of Congress votes to reject a joint resolution of disapproval under section 802.

(b)(1) A rule shall not take effect (or continue), if the Congress enacts a joint resolution of disapproval, described under section 802, of the rule.

(2) A rule that does not take effect (or does not continue) under paragraph (1) may not be reissued in substantially the same form, and a new rule that is substantially the same as such a rule may not be issued, unless the reissued or new rule is specifically authorized by a law enacted after the date of the joint resolution disapproving the original rule.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section (except subject to paragraph (3)), a rule that would not take effect by reason of subsection (a)(3) may take effect, if the President makes a determination under paragraph (2) and submits written notice of such determination to the Congress.

(2) Paragraph (1) applies to a determination made by the President by Executive order that the rule should take effect because such rule is—

(A) necessary because of an imminent threat to health or safety or other emergency;

(B) necessary for the enforcement of criminal laws;

(C) necessary for national security; or

(D) issued pursuant to any statute implementing an international trade agreement.

(3) An exercise by the President of the authority under this subsection shall have no effect on the procedures under section 802 or the effect of a joint resolution of disapproval under this section.

(d)(1) In addition to the opportunity for review otherwise provided under this chapter, in the case of any rule for which a report was submitted in accordance with subsection (a)(1)(A) during the period beginning on the date occurring—

(A) in the case of the Senate, 60 session days, or

(B) in the case of the House of Representatives, 60 legislative days,

before the date the Congress adjourns a session of Congress through the date on which the same or succeeding Congress first convenes its next session, section 802 shall apply to such rule in the succeeding session of Congress.

(2)(A) In applying section 802 for purposes of such additional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be treated as though—

(i) such rule were published in the Federal Register (as a rule that shall take effect) on—

(I) in the case of the Senate, the 15th session day, or

(II) in the case of the House of Representatives, the 15th legislative day,

after the succeeding session of Congress first convenes; and

(ii) a report on such rule were submitted to Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.

(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to affect the requirement under subsection (a)(1) that a report shall be submitted to Congress before a rule can take effect.

(3) A rule described under paragraph (1) shall take effect as otherwise provided by law (including other subsections of this section).

(e)(1) For purposes of this subsection, section 802 shall also apply to any major rule promulgated between March 1, 1996, and the date of the enactment of this chapter.

(2) In applying section 802 for purposes of Congressional review, a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be treated as though—

(A) such rule were published in the Federal Register on the date of enactment of this chapter; and

(B) a report on such rule were submitted to Congress under subsection (a)(1) on such date.

(3) The effectiveness of a rule described under paragraph (1) shall be as otherwise provided by law, unless the rule is made of no force or effect under section 802.

(f) Any rule that takes effect and later is made of no force or effect by enactment of a joint resolution under section 802 shall be treated as though such rule had never taken effect.

(g) If the Congress does not enact a joint resolution of disapproval under section 802 respecting a rule, no court or agency may infer any intent of the Congress from any action or inaction of the Congress with regard to such rule, related statute, or joint resolution of disapproval.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 868; amended Pub. L. 118–5, div. B, title III, §270, June 3, 2023, 137 Stat. 33.)

For expiration of amendment by Pub. L. 118–5, see Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note below.

Sections 202, 203, 204, and 205 of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)(iii), are classified to sections 1532, 1533, 1534, and 1535, respectively, of Title 2, The Congress.

The Administrative Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2023, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is title III of div. B of Pub. L. 118–5, June 3, 2023, 137 Stat. 31, which is set out as a note under section 551 of this title.

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), (2), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 104–121, which was approved Mar. 29, 1996.

**2023**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 118–5, §§268, 270, temporarily inserted ", and shall in addition include an assessment of the agency's compliance with such requirements of the Administrative Pay-As-You-Go Act of 2023 as may be applicable" after "compliance with procedural steps required by paragraph (1)(B)". See Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 118–5 expires on Dec. 31, 2024, see section 268 of Pub. L. 118–5, set out in a Statutory Administrative Pay-As-You-Go note under section 551 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §252, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 874, provided that: "The amendment made by section 351 [probably means section 251, enacting this chapter] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 29, 1996]."

This chapter is popularly known as the "Congressional Review Act".

Pub. L. 106–312, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1248, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Truth in Regulating Act of 2000'.

"The purposes of this Act are to—

"(1) increase the transparency of important regulatory decisions;

"(2) promote effective congressional oversight to ensure that agency rules fulfill statutory requirements in an efficient, effective, and fair manner; and

"(3) increase the accountability of Congress and the agencies to the people they serve.

"In this Act, the term—

"(1) 'agency' has the meaning given such term under section 551(1) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) 'economically significant rule' means any proposed or final rule, including an interim or direct final rule, that may have an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more or adversely affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities; and

"(3) 'independent evaluation' means a substantive evaluation of the agency's data, methodology, and assumptions used in developing the economically significant rule, including—

"(A) an explanation of how any strengths or weaknesses in those data, methodology, and assumptions support or detract from conclusions reached by the agency; and

"(B) the implications, if any, of those strengths or weaknesses for the rulemaking.

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) an evaluation of the agency's analysis of the potential benefits of the rule, including any beneficial effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to receive the benefits;

"(B) an evaluation of the agency's analysis of the potential costs of the rule, including any adverse effects that cannot be quantified in monetary terms and the identification of the persons or entities likely to bear the costs;

"(C) an evaluation of the agency's analysis of alternative approaches set forth in the notice of proposed rulemaking and in the rulemaking record, as well as of any regulatory impact analysis, federalism assessment, or other analysis or assessment prepared by the agency or required for the economically significant rule; and

"(D) a summary of the results of the evaluation of the Comptroller General and the implications of those results.

"(4)

"(b)

"There are authorized to be appropriated to the Government Accountability Office to carry out this Act $5,200,000 for each of fiscal years 2000 through 2002.

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

(a) For purposes of this section, the term "joint resolution" means only a joint resolution introduced in the period beginning on the date on which the report referred to in section 801(a)(1)(A) is received by Congress and ending 60 days thereafter (excluding days either House of Congress is adjourned for more than 3 days during a session of Congress), the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: "That Congress disapproves the rule submitted by the ____ relating to ____, and such rule shall have no force or effect." (The blank spaces being appropriately filled in).

(b)(1) A joint resolution described in subsection (a) shall be referred to the committees in each House of Congress with jurisdiction.

(2) For purposes of this section, the term "submission or publication date" means the later of the date on which—

(A) the Congress receives the report submitted under section 801(a)(1); or

(B) the rule is published in the Federal Register, if so published.

(c) In the Senate, if the committee to which is referred a joint resolution described in subsection (a) has not reported such joint resolution (or an identical joint resolution) at the end of 20 calendar days after the submission or publication date defined under subsection (b)(2), such committee may be discharged from further consideration of such joint resolution upon a petition supported in writing by 30 Members of the Senate, and such joint resolution shall be placed on the calendar.

(d)(1) In the Senate, when the committee to which a joint resolution is referred has reported, or when a committee is discharged (under subsection (c)) from further consideration of a joint resolution described in subsection (a), it is at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) for a motion to proceed to the consideration of the joint resolution, and all points of order against the joint resolution (and against consideration of the joint resolution) are waived. The motion is not subject to amendment, or to a motion to postpone, or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the joint resolution is agreed to, the joint resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the Senate until disposed of.

(2) In the Senate, debate on the joint resolution, and on all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than 10 hours, which shall be divided equally between those favoring and those opposing the joint resolution. A motion further to limit debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the joint resolution is not in order.

(3) In the Senate, immediately following the conclusion of the debate on a joint resolution described in subsection (a), and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the Senate, the vote on final passage of the joint resolution shall occur.

(4) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate to the procedure relating to a joint resolution described in subsection (a) shall be decided without debate.

(e) In the Senate the procedure specified in subsection (c) or (d) shall not apply to the consideration of a joint resolution respecting a rule—

(1) after the expiration of the 60 session days beginning with the applicable submission or publication date, or

(2) if the report under section 801(a)(1)(A) was submitted during the period referred to in section 801(d)(1), after the expiration of the 60 session days beginning on the 15th session day after the succeeding session of Congress first convenes.

(f) If, before the passage by one House of a joint resolution of that House described in subsection (a), that House receives from the other House a joint resolution described in subsection (a), then the following procedures shall apply:

(1) The joint resolution of the other House shall not be referred to a committee.

(2) With respect to a joint resolution described in subsection (a) of the House receiving the joint resolution—

(A) the procedure in that House shall be the same as if no joint resolution had been received from the other House; but

(B) the vote on final passage shall be on the joint resolution of the other House.

(g) This section is enacted by Congress—

(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively, and as such it is deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the case of a joint resolution described in subsection (a), and it supersedes other rules only to the extent that it is inconsistent with such rules; and

(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 871.)

(a) In the case of any deadline for, relating to, or involving any rule which does not take effect (or the effectiveness of which is terminated) because of enactment of a joint resolution under section 802, that deadline is extended until the date 1 year after the date of enactment of the joint resolution. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to affect a deadline merely by reason of the postponement of a rule's effective date under section 801(a).

(b) The term "deadline" means any date certain for fulfilling any obligation or exercising any authority established by or under any Federal statute or regulation, or by or under any court order implementing any Federal statute or regulation.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

For purposes of this chapter—

(1) The term "Federal agency" means any agency as that term is defined in section 551(1).

(2) The term "major rule" means any rule that the Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs of the Office of Management and Budget finds has resulted in or is likely to result in—

(A) an annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more;

(B) a major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or

(C) significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises in domestic and export markets.

The term does not include any rule promulgated under the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and the amendments made by that Act.

(3) The term "rule" has the meaning given such term in section 551, except that such term does not include—

(A) any rule of particular applicability, including a rule that approves or prescribes for the future rates, wages, prices, services, or allowances therefor, corporate or financial structures, reorganizations, mergers, or acquisitions thereof, or accounting practices or disclosures bearing on any of the foregoing;

(B) any rule relating to agency management or personnel; or

(C) any rule of agency organization, procedure, or practice that does not substantially affect the rights or obligations of non-agency parties.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

The Telecommunications Act of 1996, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 104–104, Feb. 8, 1996, 110 Stat. 56. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1996 Amendment note set out under section 609 of Title 47, Telecommunications, and Tables.

No determination, finding, action, or omission under this chapter shall be subject to judicial review.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

(a) This chapter shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of law.

(b) If any provision of this chapter or the application of any provision of this chapter to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances, and the remainder of this chapter, shall not be affected thereby.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 873.)

Nothing in this chapter shall apply to rules that concern monetary policy proposed or implemented by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the Federal Open Market Committee.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 874.)

Notwithstanding section 801—

(1) any rule that establishes, modifies, opens, closes, or conducts a regulatory program for a commercial, recreational, or subsistence activity related to hunting, fishing, or camping, or

(2) any rule which an agency for good cause finds (and incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons therefor in the rule issued) that notice and public procedure thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest,

shall take effect at such time as the Federal agency promulgating the rule determines.

(Added Pub. L. 104–121, title II, §251, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 874.)



**1984**—Pub. L. 98–614, §3(e)(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3193, substituted "passage" for "disapproval" in item 912.

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29, reenacted chapter heading and items 901 to 903, 905 to 909, and 911 without change, substituted "plan" for "plans" in item 904 and "Introduction and reference of resolution" for "Reference of resolution to committee" in item 910, inserted "; vote on final disapproval" in item 912, and omitted item 913 "Decisions without debate on motion to postpone or proceed".

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

(a) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States—

(1) to promote the better execution of the laws, the more effective management of the executive branch and of its agencies and functions, and the expeditious administration of the public business;

(2) to reduce expenditures and promote economy to the fullest extent consistent with the efficient operation of the Government;

(3) to increase the efficiency of the operations of the Government to the fullest extent practicable;

(4) to group, coordinate, and consolidate agencies and functions of the Government, as nearly as may be, according to major purposes;

(5) to reduce the number of agencies by consolidating those having similar functions under a single head, and to abolish such agencies or functions thereof as may not be necessary for the efficient conduct of the Government; and

(6) to eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort.

(b) Congress declares that the public interest demands the carrying out of the purposes of subsection (a) of this section and that the purposes may be accomplished in great measure by proceeding under this chapter, and can be accomplished more speedily thereby than by the enactment of specific legislation.

(c) It is the intent of Congress that the President should provide appropriate means for broad citizen advice and participation in restructuring and reorganizing the executive branch.

(d) The President shall from time to time examine the organization of all agencies and shall determine what changes in such organization are necessary to carry out any policy set forth in subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 92–179, §1, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 133z. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §2, 63 Stat. 203. |


In subsection (a), the words "from time to time examine" are substituted for "examine and from time to time reexamine" since the initial examination has been executed. The words "of the Government" following "agencies" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "agency" in section 902. In subsection (a)(1), the words "of the Government" following "executive branch" are omitted as unnecessary and to conform to the style of this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 901(c) of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 60e–2(a) of Title 2, The Congress.

**1977**—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 95–17 reenacted subsecs. (a) and (b) without change, added subsec. (c), and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–179, §1(a), substituted "The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States" for "The President shall from time to time examine the organization of all agencies and shall determine what changes therein are necessary to accomplish the following purposes" preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–179, §1(b), added subsec. (c) consisting of provisions formerly set out preceding par. (1) of subsec. (a).

Pub. L. 98–614, §1, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192, provided: "That this Act [amending sections 903 to 906 and 908 to 912 of this title] may be cited as the 'Reorganization Act Amendments of 1984'."

Pub. L. 95–17, §1, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29, provided: "That this Act [amending this chapter] may be cited as the 'Reorganization Act of 1977'."

Pub. L. 100–527, §17, Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2645, directed President, within 30 days after Mar. 15, 1989, to make a determination as to whether the national interest would be served by establishment of a National Commission on Executive Organization to review structural organization of executive branch of Federal Government, and stated that if President failed to transmit to Congress notification of his intent to establish such Commission section would cease to be effective 30 days after Mar. 15, 1989. [President did not transmit such notification to Congress and thus section ceased to be effective 30 days after Mar. 15, 1989.]

Ex. Ord. No. 6166, June 10, 1933, provided:

The function of determination of policies and methods of procurement, warehousing, and distribution of property, facilities, structures, improvements, machinery, equipment, stores, and supplies exercised by an agency is transferred to a Procurement Division in the Treasury Department, at the head of which shall be a Director of Procurement.

The Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department is transferred to the Procurement Division, except that the buildings of the Treasury Department shall be administered by the Treasury Department and the administration of post-office buildings is transferred to the Post Office Department. The General Supply Committee of the Treasury Department is abolished.

In respect of any kind of procurement, warehousing, or distribution for any agency the Procurement Division may, with the approval of the President, (a) undertake the performance of such procurement, warehousing, or distribution itself, or (b) permit such agency to perform such procurement, warehousing, or distribution, or (c) entrust such performance to some other agency, or (d) avail itself in part of any of these recourses, according as it may deem desirable in the interest of economy and efficiency. When the Procurement Division has prescribed the manner of procurement, warehousing, or distribution of any thing, no agency shall thereafter procure, warehouse, or distribute such thing in any manner other than so prescribed.

The execution of work now performed by the Corps of Engineers of the Army shall remain with said corps, subject to the responsibilities herein vested in the Procurement Division.

The Procurement Division shall also have control of all property, facilities, structures, machinery, equipment, stores, and supplies not necessary to the work of any agency; may have custody thereof or entrust custody to any other agency; and shall furnish the same to agencies as need therefor may arise.

The Fuel Yards of the Bureau of Mines of the Department of Commerce are transferred to the Procurement Office. (As amended by Ex. Ord. No. 6623 of Mar. 1, 1934.)

Ex. Ord. No. 6623, Mar. 1, 1934, revoked a final paragraph of section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, which provided for the abolition of the Federal Employment Stabilization Board and the transfer of its functions to the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works. Said Ex. Ord. No. 6623 also provided in part as follows:

"It is further ordered that the said Federal Employment Stabilization Board be, and it is hereby, abolished.

"There is hereby established in the Department of Commerce an office to be known as the 'Federal Employment Stabilization Office,' and there are hereby transferred to such office the functions of the Federal Employment Stabilization Board, together with its Director and other personnel, and records, supplies, equipment, and property of every kind.

"The unexpended balances of appropriations and/or allotments of appropriations of the Federal Employment Stabilization Board are hereby transferred to the Federal Employment Stabilization Office, Department of Commerce."

The effective date of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §1, as provided for in section 22, post, was extended to Dec. 31, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6224, of July 27, 1933, and the effective date of the last paragraph, subsequently revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 6623, was deferred by Ex. Ord. No. 6624 of Mar. 1, 1934, until such revocation could become effective.

[Subsequent to the effective date of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §1, certain functions affected thereby were again transferred as follows: The Public Buildings Branch of the Procurement Division was transferred to Public Buildings Administration within the Federal Works Administration by 1939 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §§301, 303, 4 Fed. Reg. 2729; 53 Stat. 1426, 1427; the Federal Employment Stabilization Office, created by Ex. Ord. No. 6166, §1, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 6624, was abolished by 1939 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §4, 4 Fed. Reg. 2727, 53 Stat. 1423, and its functions transferred to the Executive Office of the President.]

Section 602(b) of act June 30, 1949, ch. 288, title VI, 63 Stat. 401, eff. July 1, 1949, as renumbered from title V, section 502(b) of said act June 30, 1949 by act Sept. 5, 1950, ch. 849, §§6(a), (b), 7(e), 64 Stat. 583, provided that: "The provisions of the first, third, and fifth paragraphs of section 1 of Executive Order Numbered 6166 of June 10, 1933 [this Ex. Ord.], are hereby superseded, insofar as they relate to any function now administered by the Bureau of Federal Supply except functions with respect to standard contract forms."

All functions of administration of public buildings, reservations, national parks, national monuments, and national cemeteries are consolidated in the National Park Service in the Department of the Interior, at the head of which shall be a Director of the National Park Service; except that where deemed desirable there may be excluded from this provision any public building or reservation which is chiefly employed as a facility in the work of a particular agency. This transfer and consolidation of functions shall include, among others, those of the former National Park Service of the Department of the Interior and the following National Cemeteries and Parks of the War Department which are located within the continental limits of the United States:

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Georgia and Tennessee.

Fort Donelson National Military Park, Tennessee.

Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battle Fields Memorial, Virginia.

Gettysburg National Military Park, Pennsylvania.

Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, North Carolina.

Kings Mountain National Military Park, South Carolina.

Moores Creek National Military Park, North Carolina.

Petersburg National Military Park, Virginia.

Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee.

Stones River National Military Park, Tennessee.

Vicksburg National Military Park, Mississippi.

Abraham Lincoln National Park, Kentucky.

Fort McHenry National Park, Maryland.

Antietam Battlefield, Maryland.

Appomattox, Virginia.

Brices Cross Roads, Mississippi.

Chalmette Monument and Grounds, Louisiana.

Cowpens, South Carolina.

Fort Necessity, Wharton County, Pennsylvania.

Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia.

Monocacy, Maryland.

Tupelo, Mississippi.

White Plains, New York.

Big Hole Battlefield, Beaverhead County, Montana.

Cabrillo Monument, Fort Rosecrans, California.

Castle Pinckney, Charleston, South Carolina.

Father Millet Cross, Fort Niagara, New York.

Fort Marion, St. Augustine, Florida.

Fort Matanzas, Florida.

Fort Pulaski, Georgia.

Meriwether Lewis, Hardin County, Tennessee.

Mound City Group, Chillicothe, Ohio.

Statue of Liberty, Fort Wood, New York.

Camp Blount Tablets, Lincoln County, Tennessee.

Kill Devil Hill Monument, Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

New Echota Marker, Georgia.

Lee Mansion, Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.

Custer Battlefield, National Cemetery in the State of Montana.

Battleground, District of Columbia.

Antietam (Sharpsburg), Maryland.

Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Fort Donelson (Dover), Tennessee.

Shiloh (Pittsburg Landing), Tennessee.

Stones River (Murfreesboro), Tennessee.

Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Poplar Grove (Petersburg), Virginia.

Yorktown, Virginia.

National cemeteries located in insular possessions under the jurisdiction of the War Department shall be administered by the Bureau of Insular Affairs of the War Department.

The functions of the following agencies are transferred to the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior, and the agencies are abolished:

Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission

Public Buildings Commission

Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital

National Memorial Commission

Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway Commission

Expenditures by the Federal Government for the purposes of the Commission of Fine Arts, the George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission, and the Rushmore National Commission shall be administered by the Department of the Interior. (As amended by Ex. Ord. No. 6228 of July 28, 1933; Ex. Ord. No. 6614 of Feb. 26, 1934; Ex. Ord. No. 8428 of June 3, 1940, 5 F.R. 2132; and act Mar. 2, 1934. ch. 39, §1, 48 Stat. 389.)

The enumeration of the National Cemeteries and Parks of the War Department which were transferred to the Department of the Interior was added by Ex. Ord. No. 6228, §1, of July 28, 1933, and Ex. Ord. No. 8428 of June 3, 1940.

A provision of this section transferring the administration of national cemeteries located in foreign countries to the State Department was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 6614 of Feb. 26, 1934.

See section 22 of this Ex. Ord. The transfer of national cemeteries located in the insular possessions to the Bureau of Insular Affairs, as provided in this section, was postponed until further order by Ex. Ord. No. 6228, §3, of July 28, 1933.

All functions now exercised by the Bureau of Prohibition of the Department of Justice with respect to the granting of permits under the national prohibition laws are transferred to the Division of Internal Revenue in the Treasury Department.

All functions now exercised by the Bureau of Prohibition with respect to investigations and all the functions now performed by the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice are transferred to and consolidated in a Division of Investigation in the Department of Justice, at the head of which shall be a Director of Investigation.

All other functions now performed by the Bureau of Prohibition are transferred to such divisions in the Department of Justice as in the judgment of the Attorney General may be desirable.

[Section, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 6728, May 29, 1934; 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, §1(a)(1), eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231; and 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, §§3, 4, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1234, which provided that the function of disbursement of moneys of the United States exercised by any agency [except United States marshals; the Post Office Department; the Postmaster General; the Board of Trustees of the Postal Savings System; and those disbursement functions of the War Department, Navy Department (including the Marine Corps), and the Panama Canal, not pertaining to departmental salaries in the District of Columbia] were transferred to the [Fiscal Service of the] Treasury Department and, together with the Office of Disbursing Clerk of that department, was consolidated in a Division of Disbursement, at the head of which was a Chief Disbursing Officer, that the Division of Disbursement of the Treasury Department was authorized to establish local offices, or to delegate the exercise of its functions locally to officers or employees of other agencies, according as the interests of efficiency and economy might require, that the Division of Disbursement would disburse moneys only upon the certification of persons by law duly authorized to incur obligations upon behalf of the United States and that the function of accountability for improper certification would be transferred to such persons, and no disbursing officer would be held accountable therefor, was repealed and reenacted as section 3321 of Title 31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 877, the first section of which enacted Title 31.]

The bracketed provisions in the first sentence of section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166 reflect the changes effected by 1940 Reorg. Plan No. IV, §§3, 4, eff. June 30, 1940, 5 F.R. 2421, 54 Stat. 1234, 1235, Ex. Ord. No. 6728, and 1940 Reorg. Plan No. III, §1(a)(1), 5 F.R. 2107, 54 Stat. 1231, respectively.

The effective date of section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, originally fixed by section 22 of this Ex. Ord., was subsequently postponed as follows: to Dec. 31, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6224 of July 27, 1933; to June 30, 1934 (insofar as not already effected prior to Dec. 31, 1933), by Ex. Ord. No. 6540 of Dec. 28, 1933; to Dec. 31, 1934 (insofar as not already effected prior to June 30, 1934), by Ex. Ord. No. 6727 of May 29, 1934; to June 30, 1935, by Ex. Ord. No. 6927 of Dec. 31, 1934; to Dec. 31, 1935 (insofar as not already effected prior to June 30, 1934), by Ex. Ord. No. 7077 of June 15, 1935; to June 30, 1936 (insofar as not already effected prior to Dec. 31, 1935), by Ex. Ord. No. 7261 of Dec. 31, 1935. Each of these orders contained a provision that the changes therein delayed might be made sooner effective by order of the Secretary of the Treasury approved by the President.

The functions of prosecuting in the courts of the United States claims and demands by, and offenses against, the Government of the United States and of defending claims and demands against the Government, and of supervising the work of United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in connection therewith, now exercised by any agency or officer, are transferred to the Department of Justice.

As to any case referred to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense in the courts, the function of decision whether and in what manner to prosecute, or to defend, or to compromise, or to appeal, or to abandon prosecution or defense, now exercised by any agency or officer, is transferred to the Department of Justice.

For the exercise of such of his functions as are not transferred to the Department of Justice by the foregoing two paragraphs, the Solicitor of the Treasury is transferred from the Department of Justice to the Treasury Department.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the function of any agency or officer with respect to cases at any stage prior to reference to the Department of Justice for prosecution or defense.

With regard to legal work performed by the Veterans' Administration in connection with suits against the United States arising under section 19 of the World War Veterans Act, 1924, the effective date of this section was postponed to Sept. 10, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6222 of July 27, 1933.

The effective date of the first paragraph of this section, insofar as it affected the functions of the General Counsel for the Bureau of Internal Revenue, was postponed until Oct. 10, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6244 of Aug. 8, 1933.

The United States Court for China, the District Court of the United States for the Panama Canal Zone, and the District Court of the Virgin Islands of the United States are transferred to the Department of Justice.

Ex. Ord. No. 6243, Aug. 5, 1933, provided that "the effective date of the transfer to the Department of Justice of the District Court of the United States for the Panama Canal Zone is hereby postponed to October 4, 1933."

The Solicitor for the Department of Commerce is transferred from the Department of Justice to the Department of Commerce.

The Solicitor for the Department of Labor is transferred from the Department of Justice to the Department of Labor.

The Bureaus of Internal Revenue and or Industrial Alcohol of the Treasury Department are consolidated in a Division of Internal Revenue, at the head of which shall be a Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

The effective date of section 8 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, originally fixed by section 22 of the same order, post, was subsequently postponed as follows: to Dec. 31, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6224 of July 27, 1933; to June 30, 1934, by Ex. Ord. No. 6540 of Dec. 28, 1933. Said orders, however, contained a provision whereby the changes thereby delayed might be sooner effected by order of the Secretary of the Treasury approved by the President.

The Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Aeronautics shall be an Assistant Secretary of Commerce and shall perform such functions as the Secretary of Commerce may designate.

The function of preparation of the Official Register is transferred from the Bureau of the Census to the Civil Service Commission.

The function of the Bureau of the Census of the Department of Commerce of compiling statistics of cities under 100,000 population is abolished for the period ending June 30, 1935.

The functions of the United States Shipping Board including those over and in respect to the United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation are transferred to the Department of Commerce, and the United States Shipping Board is abolished.

The National Screw Thread Commission is abolished, and its records, property, facilities, equipment, and supplies are transferred to the Department of Commerce.

The Bureaus of Immigration and of Naturalization of the Department of Labor are consolidated as an Immigration and Naturalization Service of the Department of Labor, at the head of which shall be a Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization.

The functions of the Federal Board for Vocational Education are transferred to the Department of the Interior, and the Board shall act in an advisory capacity without compensation.

The functions of making, waiving, and modifying apportionments of appropriations are transferred to the Director of the Bureau of the Budget.

The Federal Coordinating Service is abolished.

The effective date of this section originally fixed by section 22 of this Ex. Ord., was subsequently deferred to Oct. 10, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6239 of Aug. 2, 1933.

Section 18 of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, which provided for the partial abolition of cooperative vocational education payments for agricultural experiment stations; cooperative agricultural extension work; and endowment and maintenance of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanical arts, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 6536 of Feb. 6, 1934.

Each agency, all the functions of which are transferred to or consolidated with another agency, is abolished.

The records pertaining to an abolished agency or a function disposed of, disposition of which is not elsewhere herein provided for, shall be transferred to the successor. If there be no successor agency, and such abolished agency be within a department, said records shall be disposed of as the head of such department may direct.

The property, facilities, equipment, and supplies employed in the work of an abolished agency or the exercise of a function disposed of, disposition of which is not elsewhere herein provided for, shall, to the extent required, be transferred to the successor agency. Other such property, facilities, equipment, and supplies shall be transferred to the Procurement Division.

All personnel employed in connection with the work of an abolished agency or function disposed of shall be separated from the service of the United States, except that the head of any successor agency, subject to my approval, may, within a period of four months after transfer or consolidation, reappoint any of such personnel required for the work of the successor agency without reexamination or loss of civil-service status.

The effective date of the last paragraph of this section, originally fixed by section 22, post, was deferred as to employees separated from service under sections 2 and 15, ante, until Sept. 30, 1933, by Ex. Ord. No. 6227 of July 27, 1933. As to employees separated under section 12, ante, a similar deferment to Sept. 30, 1933, was made by Ex. Ord. No. 6245 of Aug. 9, 1933.

Such portions of the unexpended balances of appropriations for any abolished agency or function disposed of shall be transferred to the successor agency as the Director of the Budget shall deem necessary.

Unexpended balances of appropriations for an abolished agency or function disposed of, not so transferred by the Director of the Budget, shall, in accordance with law, be impounded and returned to the Treasury.

As used in this order—

"Agency" means any commission, independent establishment, board, bureau, division, service, or office in the executive branch of the Government.

"Abolished agency" means any agency which is abolished, transferred, or consolidated.

"Successor agency" means any agency to which is transferred some other agency or function, or which results from the consolidation of other agencies or functions.

"Function disposed of" means any function eliminated or transferred.

In accordance with law, this order shall become effective 61 days from its date: *Provided,* That in case it shall appear to the President that the interests of economy require that any transfer, consolidation, or elimination be delayed beyond the date this order becomes effective, he may, in his discretion, fix a later date therefor, and he may for like cause further defer such date from time to time. (Promulgated June 10, 1933.)

[Postponements of effective date of certain transfers, etc., see notes under the various sections of this Executive Order effecting those transfers, etc.]

Executive Order No. 7261, promulgated December 31, 1935, provided that "except as hereinafter provided, the transfers, consolidations, and eliminations contemplated by section 4 of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933, as amended, which are not effected prior to December 31, 1935, pursuant to Executive Order No. 6224 of July 27, 1933, Executive Order No. 6540 of December 28, 1933, Executive Order No. 6727 of May 29, 1934, Executive Order No. 6927 of December 21, 1934, and Executive Order No. 7077 of June 15, 1935, together with the operation of all other provisions of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933, as amended, in so far as they relate to said section 4, be further delayed until June 30, 1936: Provided, that any transfer, consolidation, or elimination, in whole or in part, under said section 4, including any other provisions of the said order of June 10, 1933, in so far as they relate to section 4 thereof, may be made operative and effective between December 31, 1935, and June 30, 1936, by order of the Secretary of the Treasury, approved by the President."

Executive Order No. 7980, promulgated September 29, 1938, provided: "That the transfers, consolidations, and eliminations contemplated by section 4 of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933, as amended, together with the operation of all other provisions of Executive Order No. 6166 of June 10, 1933, as amended, so far as they relate to the said section 4, be further delayed until December 31, 1938, with respect to the function of disbursement now exercised by United States Marshals under the Department of Justice."

Functions relating to disbursement by United States marshals which would otherwise have become functions of Treasury Department on July 1, 1940, by virtue of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, as amended, were transferred to and vested in Department of Justice to be exercised by United States marshals under supervision of Attorney General in accordance with existing statutes pertaining to such functions, by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, §3, eff. June 30, 1940. See, also, sections 13–15 of said plan for provisions relating to transfer of functions of department heads, records, property, personnel, and funds.

Functions relating to disbursement of postal revenues and all other funds under jurisdiction of Post Office Department, Postmaster General, and Board of Trustees of Postal Savings System which would otherwise have become functions of Treasury Department on July 1, 1940, by virtue of Ex. Ord. No. 6166, as amended, set out in note under this section, were transferred to and vested in (a) said Board of Trustees as to postal savings disbursements, and (b) Post Office Department as to all other disbursements involved, such functions to be exercised by postmasters and other authorized disbursing agents of Post Office Department and of Postal Savings System in accordance with existing statutes pertaining to such functions, by Reorg. Plan No. IV of 1940, §4, eff. June 30, 1940. See, also, sections 13–15 of said plan for provisions relating to transfer of functions of department heads, records, property, personnel, and funds.

Public Buildings Branch of Procurement Division and its functions and personnel were transferred to Public Buildings Administration, and functions of Secretary of Agriculture and Director of Procurement Division relating to administration thereof and to selection of sites for public buildings were transferred to Federal Works Administrator by Reorg. Plan No. I of 1939, §§301, 303, effective July 1, 1939. See also sections 307–310 of said plan for provisions relating to transfer of records, property, funds, and personnel.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency or part thereof; and

(B) an office or officer in the executive branch;

but does not include the Government Accountability Office or the Comptroller General of the United States;

(2) "reorganization" means a transfer, consolidation, coordination, authorization, or abolition, referred to in section 903 of this title; and

(3) "officer" is not limited by section 2104 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(98), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 30; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–5. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §7, 63 Stat. 205. |

(2) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–6. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §8, 63 Stat. 206. |


In paragraph (1)(A), the words "an Executive agency or part thereof" are coextensive with and substituted for "any executive department, commission, council, independent establishment, Government corporation, board, bureau, division, service, . . . authority, administration, or other establishment, in the executive branch of the Government" and to conform to the definition in section 105.

In paragraph (1)(B), the words "an office or officer in the civil service or uniformed services in or under an Executive agency" are substituted for "office, officer, . . . in the executive branch of the Government" to conform to the definitions in sections 105, 2101, and 2104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends section 902 of title 5, United States Code, so as to preserve the application of the source statute for section 902 (sec. 7 of the Reorganization Act of 1949). In the codification of title 5 by Public Law 89–554, that application was inadvertently restricted due to the operation of section 2104 of title 5, providing a title-wide definition of "officer." Briefly, that section defines "officer" as a civil appointive officer of the Federal Government. In the Reorganization Act of 1949, the word "officer" was not defined, and has been construed to include not only civil appointive officers, but uniformed officers, the President, and officers of the government of the District of Columbia. Thus, this section amends section 902 of title 5 by inserting a paragraph providing that the title-wide definition of officer is inapplicable to chapter 9 of title 5. Also, paragraph (1)(B) of section 902 is amended so that the wording thereof is identical to that formerly appearing in section 7 of the Reorganization Act of 1949.

Section 902(a) of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, was transferred to section 60e–2(b) of Title 2, The Congress.

**2004**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in concluding provisions.

**1977**—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 95–17 struck out subpar. (C) which defined "agency" as any and all parts of the government of the District of Columbia other than the courts thereof.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

(a) Whenever the President, after investigation, finds that changes in the organization of agencies are necessary to carry out any policy set forth in section 901(a) of this title, he shall prepare a reorganization plan specifying the reorganizations he finds are necessary. Any plan may provide for—

(1) the transfer of the whole or a part of an agency, or of the whole or a part of the functions thereof, to the jurisdiction and control of another agency;

(2) the abolition of all or a part of the functions of an agency, except that no enforcement function or statutory program shall be abolished by the plan;

(3) the consolidation or coordination of the whole or a part of an agency, or of the whole or a part of the functions thereof, with the whole or a part of another agency or the functions thereof;

(4) the consolidation or coordination of part of an agency or the functions thereof with another part of the same agency or the functions thereof;

(5) the authorization of an officer to delegate any of his functions; or

(6) the abolition of the whole or a part of an agency which agency or part does not have, or on the taking effect of the reorganization plan will not have, any functions.

The President shall transmit the plan (bearing an identification number) to the Congress together with a declaration that, with respect to each reorganization included in the plan, he has found that the reorganization is necessary to carry out any policy set forth in section 901(a) of this title.

(b) The President shall have a reorganization plan delivered to both Houses on the same day and to each House while it is in session, except that no more than three plans may be pending before the Congress at one time. In his message transmitting a reorganization plan, the President shall specify with respect to each abolition of a function included in the plan the statutory authority for the exercise of the function. The message shall also estimate any reduction or increase in expenditures (itemized so far as practicable), and describe any improvements in management, delivery of Federal services, execution of the laws, and increases in efficiency of Government operations, which it is expected will be realized as a result of the reorganizations included in the plan. In addition, the President's message shall include an implementation section which shall (1) describe in detail (A) the actions necessary or planned to complete the reorganization, (B) the anticipated nature and substance of any orders, directives, and other administrative and operational actions which are expected to be required for completing or implementing the reorganization, and (C) any preliminary actions which have been taken in the implementation process, and (2) contain a projected timetable for completion of the implementation process. The President shall also submit such further background or other information as the Congress may require for its consideration of the plan.

(c) Any time during the period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date on which the plan is transmitted to it, but before any resolution described in section 909 has been ordered reported in either House, the President may make amendments or modifications to the plan, consistent with sections 903–905 of this title, which modifications or revisions shall thereafter be treated as a part of the reorganization plan originally transmitted and shall not affect in any way the time limits otherwise provided for in this chapter. The President may withdraw the plan any time prior to the conclusion of 90 calendar days of continuous session of Congress following the date on which the plan is submitted to Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(99), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 92–179, §2, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 30; Pub. L. 98–614, §§3(b)(1), (2), 4, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192, 3193.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–1. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §3, 63 Stat. 203. |


In subsection (a)(5), the words "officer in the civil service or uniformed services" are substituted for "officer" to conform to the definitions in sections 2101 and 2104.

In subsection (b), the words "The President shall have a reorganization plan delivered" as substituted for "The delivery . . . shall be".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 1(99) amends section 903(a)(5) of title 5, United States Code, to conform to the wording formerly appearing in the source statute (sec. 3(5) of the Reorganization Act of 1949). In this regard, the explanation appearing in section 1(98) of this bill is equally applicable to this section.

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–614, §4, inserted "In addition, the President's message shall include an implementation section which shall (1) describe in detail (A) the actions necessary or planned to complete the reorganization, (B) the anticipated nature and substance of any orders, directives, and other administrative and operational actions which are expected to be required for completing or implementing the reorganization, and (C) any preliminary actions which have been taken in the implementation process, and (2) contain a projected timetable for completion of the implementation process. The President shall also submit such further background or other information as the Congress may require for its consideration of the plan."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(b)(1), (2), substituted "60 calendar days" for "thirty calendar days", and "90 calendar days" for "sixty calendar days".

**1977**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–17 inserted provision that no enforcement function or statutory program shall be abolished by the plan.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted provisions limiting to three the number of plans that may be pending before Congress at any one time for provisions limiting to one the number of plans that may be transmitted to Congress within any period of thirty consecutive days and provisions requiring that the President estimate any increase in expenditures and describe any improvements in management, delivery of Federal services, execution of laws, and increases in efficiency of Government operations expected as a result of the reorganizations included in the plan.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–17 added subsec. (c).

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–179, §2(a), restructured provisions covering requirements of findings of fact and certification by placing in a position preceding par. (1) provisions formerly set out following par. (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–179, §2(b), inserted provisions limiting to one plan within any period of thirty consecutive days the allowable number of plans submitted.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

A reorganization plan transmitted by the President under section 903 of this title—

(1) may, subject to section 905, change, in such cases as the President considers necessary, the name of an agency affected by a reorganization and the title of its head, and shall designate the name of an agency resulting from a reorganization and the title of its head;

(2) may provide for the appointment and pay of the head and one or more officers of any agency (including an agency resulting from a consolidation or other type of reorganization) if the President finds, and in his message transmitting the plan declares, that by reason of a reorganization made by the plan the provisions are necessary;

(3) shall provide for the transfer or other disposition of the records, property, and personnel affected by a reorganization;

(4) shall provide for the transfer of such unexpended balances of appropriations, and of other funds, available for use in connection with a function or agency affected by a reorganization, as the President considers necessary by reason of the reorganization for use in connection with the functions affected by the reorganization, or for the use of the agency which shall have the functions after the reorganization plan is effective; and

(5) shall provide for terminating the affairs of an agency abolished.

A reorganization plan transmitted by the President containing provisions authorized by paragraph (2) of this section may provide that the head of an agency be an individual or a commission or board with more than one member. In the case of an appointment of the head of such an agency, the term of office may not be fixed at more than four years, the pay may not be at a rate in excess of that found by the President to be applicable to comparable officers in the executive branch, and if the appointment is not to a position in the competitive service, it shall be by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Any reorganization plan transmitted by the President containing provisions required by paragraph (4) of this section shall provide for the transfer of unexpended balances only if such balances are used for the purposes for which the appropriation was originally made.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 395; Pub. L. 92–179, §3, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 98–614, §5(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3194.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–2. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §4, 63 Stat. 204. |


In paragraph (1), the words "may change" are substituted for "shall change" in view of the discretionary grant of authority reflected by the words "in such cases as the President considers necessary".

In paragraph (2), the words "competitive service" are substituted for "classified civil service" to conform to the definition in section 2102.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–614 inserted ", subject to section 905,".

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 struck out in provisions following par. (5) exception that, in the case of an officer of the government of the District of Columbia, the appointment of the head of an agency may be by the Commissioner or other body of that government designated in the plan.

**1971**—Pub. L. 92–179 revised the form of the provisions covering the elements which a reorganization plan contains by moving provisions formerly set out in par. (2) to a position following par. (5).

(a) A reorganization plan may not provide for, and a reorganization under this chapter may not have the effect of—

(1) creating a new executive department or renaming an existing executive department, abolishing or transferring an executive department or independent regulatory agency, or all the functions thereof, or consolidating two or more executive departments or two or more independent regulatory agencies, or all the functions thereof;

(2) continuing an agency beyond the period authorized by law for its existence or beyond the time when it would have terminated if the reorganization had not been made;

(3) continuing a function beyond the period authorized by law for its exercise or beyond the time when it would have terminated if the reorganization had not been made;

(4) authorizing an agency to exercise a function which is not expressly authorized by law at the time the plan is transmitted to Congress;

(5) creating a new agency which is not a component or part of an existing executive department or independent agency;

(6) increasing the term of an office beyond that provided by law for the office; or

(7) dealing with more than one logically consistent subject matter.

(b) A provision contained in a reorganization plan may take effect only if the plan is transmitted to Congress (in accordance with section 903(b)) on or before December 31, 1984.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 91–5, Mar. 27, 1969, 83 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 92–179, §4, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 576; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 31; Pub. L. 96–230, Apr. 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 98–614, §§2(a), 5(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192, 3193.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–3(a). | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §5(a), 63 Stat. 205. July 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–351, §2, 78 Stat. 240. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–3(b). | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §5(b), 63 Stat. 205. |

Feb. 11, 1953, ch. 3, 67 Stat. 4. | ||

Mar. 25, 1955, ch. 16, 69 Stat. 14. | ||

Sept. 4, 1957, Pub. L. 85–286, §1, 71 Stat. 611. | ||

Apr. 7, 1961, Pub. L. 87–18, 75 Stat. 41. | ||

July 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–351, §1, 78 Stat. 240. | ||

June 18, 1965, Pub. L. 89–43, 79 Stat. 135. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–614, §5(a)(1), inserted "or renaming an existing executive department".

Subsec. (a)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 98–614, §5(a)(2), added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) and (6) as (6) and (7), respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–614, §2(a), substituted "(in accordance with section 903(b)) on or before December 31, 1984" for "within four years of the date of enactment of the Reorganization Act of 1977".

**1980**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–230 substituted "four years" for "three years".

**1977**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "an executive department or independent regulatory agency," for "an Executive department" and "or more executive departments or two or more independent regulatory agencies," for "or more Executive departments".

Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 95–17 redesignated par. (7) as (6). Former par. (6), which related to limitation on reorganization plans that have effect of transferring to or consolidating with another agency the government of the District of Columbia or all the functions thereof which are subject to this chapter, or abolishing that government or all those functions, was struck out.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "within three years of the date of enactment of the Reorganization Act of 1977" for "before April 1, 1973".

**1971**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 92–179, §4(a), added par. (7).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–179, §4(b), substituted "April 1, 1973" for "April 1, 1971".

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–5 substituted "April 1, 1971" for "December 31, 1968".

Pub. L. 104–50, title III, §335, Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 458, provided in part that, notwithstanding section 905(b) of this section, the President could prepare and transmit to Congress not later than the date for transmittal of the Budget Request for Fiscal Year 1997, a reorganization plan, pursuant to chapter 9 of this title, for the Department of Transportation surface transportation activities and the relationship of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation to the Department.

(a) Except as provided under subsection (c) of this section, a reorganization plan shall be effective upon approval by the President of a resolution (as defined in section 909) with respect to such plan, if such resolution is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate, within the first period of 90 calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date on which the plan is transmitted to Congress. Failure of either House to act upon such resolution by the end of such period shall be the same as disapproval of the resolution.

(b) For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) continuity of session is broken only by an adjournment of Congress sine die; and

(2) the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three days to a day certain are excluded in the computation of any period of time in which Congress is in continuous session.

(c) Under provisions contained in a reorganization plan, any provision thereof may be effective at a time later than the date on which the plan otherwise is effective.

(d) A reorganization plan which is effective shall be printed (1) in the Statutes at Large in the same volume as the public laws and (2) in the Federal Register.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 98–614, §3(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–4. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §6, 63 Stat. 205. Sept. 4, 1957, Pub. L. 85–286, §2, 71 Stat. 611. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–9. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §11, 63 Stat. 206. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(a)(1), struck out "otherwise" before "provided under subsection (c)", substituted "shall be" for "is" before "effective", and substituted "upon approval by the President of a resolution (as defined in section 909) with respect to such plan, if such resolution is passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate, within the first period of 90 calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date on which the plan is transmitted to Congress. Failure of either House to act upon such resolution by the end of such period shall be the same as disapproval of the resolution" for "at the end of the first period of sixty calendar days of continuous session of Congress after the date on which the plan is transmitted to it unless, between the date of transmittal and the end of the sixty-day period, either House passes a resolution stating in substance that the House does not favor the reorganization plan."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(a)(2), struck out before period at end "or, if both Houses of Congress have defeated a resolution of disapproval, may be effective at a time earlier than the expiration of the sixty-day period required by subsection (a)".

**1977**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "sixty" for "60" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted in provisions preceding par. (1) "this chapter" for "subsection (a) of this section" and in par. (2) "any period of time in which Congress is in continuous session" for "the 60-day period".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–17 inserted provision that if both Houses of Congress have defeated a resolution of disapproval, the provision of a reorganization plan may be effective at a time earlier than the expiration of the sixty-day period required by subsec. (a).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–17 reenacted subsec. (d) without change.

Pub. L. 98–532, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2705, provided that:

"

"

(a) A statute enacted, and a regulation or other action made, prescribed, issued, granted, or performed in respect of or by an agency or function affected by a reorganization under this chapter, before the effective date of the reorganization, has, except to the extent rescinded, modified, superseded, or made inapplicable by or under authority of law or by the abolition of a function, the same effect as if the reorganization had not been made. However, if the statute, regulation, or other action has vested the functions in the agency from which it is removed under the reorganization plan, the function, insofar as it is to be exercised after the plan becomes effective, shall be deemed as vested in the agency under which the function is placed by the plan.

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a) of this section, "regulation or other action" means a regulation, rule, order, policy, determination, directive, authorization, permit, privilege, requirement, designation, or other action.

(c) A suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or against the head of an agency or other officer of the United States, in his official capacity or in relation to the discharge of his official duties, does not abate by reason of the taking effect of a reorganization plan under this chapter. On motion or supplemental petition filed at any time within twelve months after the reorganization plan takes effect, showing a necessity for a survival of the suit, action, or other proceeding to obtain a settlement of the questions involved, the court may allow the suit, action, or other proceeding to be maintained by or against the successor of the head or officer under the reorganization effected by the plan or, if there is no successor, against such agency or officer as the President designates.

(d) The appropriations or portions of appropriations unexpended by reason of the operation of the chapter may not be used for any purpose, but shall revert to the Treasury.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 32.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–7. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §9, 63 Stat. 206. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 133z–8. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §10, 63 Stat. 206. |


In subsections (a) and (c), the words "the provisions of" in the phrase "under this chapter" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (c), the words "the suit, action, or other proceeding" are substituted for "the same".

In subsection (d), the words "shall revert" are substituted for "shall be . . . returned", and the words "impounded and" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1977**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–17 reenacted subsecs. (a) and (b) without change.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "twelve months" for "12 months".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–17 reenacted subsec. (d) without change.

Sections 909 through 912 of this title are enacted by Congress—

(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively, and as such they are deemed a part of the rules of each House, respectively, but applicable only with respect to the procedure to be followed in that House in the case of resolutions with respect to any reorganization plans transmitted to Congress (in accordance with section 903(b) of this chapter 1) on or before December 31, 1984; and they supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and

(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change the rules (so far as relating to the procedure of that House) at any time, in the same manner and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98–614, §2(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–10. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §201, 63 Stat. 206. |


The words "Sections 909–913 of this title" are substituted for "The following sections of this title" to reflect the codification of sections 202–206 of Title II of the Act of June 20, 1949.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–614 substituted "with respect to any reorganization plans transmitted to Congress (in accordance with section 903(b) of this chapter) on or before December 31, 1984" for "described in section 909 of this title".

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "Sections 909 through 912 of this title" for "Sections 909–913 of this title" in provisions preceding par. (1).

1 So in original. Probably should be "title".

For the purpose of sections 908 through 912 of this title, "resolution" means only a joint resolution of the Congress, the matter after the resolving clause of which is as follows: "That the Congress approves the reorganization plan numbered transmitted to the Congress by the President on , 19 .", and includes such modifications and revisions as are submitted by the President under section 903(c) of this chapter. The blank spaces therein are to be filled appropriately. The term does not include a resolution which specifies more than one reorganization plan.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98–614, §3(c), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–11. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §202, 63 Stat. 207. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 903(c) of this chapter, referred to in text, means section 903(c) of this title.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–614 substituted "a joint resolution of the Congress" for "a resolution of either House of Congress", and "the Congress approves" for "the does not favor".

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "sections 908 through 912 of this title" for "sections 908–913 of this title" and provision that the blank spaces are to be appropriately filled for provision that the first blank space is to be filled with the name of the resolving House and the other blank spaces are to be appropriately filled and inserted provision that "resolution" includes such modifications and revisions as are submitted by the President under section 903(c) of this chapter.

(a) No later than the first day of session following the day on which a reorganization plan is transmitted to the House of Representatives and the Senate under section 903, a resolution, as defined in section 909, shall be introduced (by request) in the House by the chairman of the Government Operations Committee of the House, or by a Member or Members of the House designated by such chairman; and shall be introduced (by request) in the Senate by the chairman of the Governmental Affairs Committee of the Senate, or by a Member or Members of the Senate designated by such chairman.

(b) A resolution with respect to a reorganization plan shall be referred to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the House (and all resolutions with respect to the same plan shall be referred to the same committee) by the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the case may be. The committee shall make its recommendations to the House of Representatives or the Senate, respectively, within 75 calendar days of continuous session of Congress following the date of such resolution's introduction.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 98–614, §3(b)(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–12. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §203, 63 Stat. 207. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–614 substituted "75 calendar days" for "45 calendar days".

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 substituted "Introduction and reference of resolution" for "Reference of resolution to committee" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (b), substituted "the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Government Operations of the House" for "a committee" and inserted requirement that the Committee shall make its recommendation to the House or Senate within 45 calendar days of continuous session of Congress following the date of a resolution's introduction, and added subsec. (a).

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Government Operations of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

If the committee to which is referred a resolution introduced pursuant to subsection (a) of section 910 (or, in the absence of such a resolution, the first resolution introduced with respect to the same reorganization plan) has not reported such resolution or identical resolution at the end of 75 calendar days of continuous session of Congress after its introduction, such committee shall be deemed to be discharged from further consideration of such resolution and such resolution shall be placed on the appropriate calendar of the House involved.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 92–179, §5, Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 576; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 98–614, §3(b)(4), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3192.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–13. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §204, 63 Stat. 207. |


In subsection (a), the words "at the end of 10 calendar days . . . it is" are substituted for "before the expiration of ten calendar days . . . it shall then (but not before) be".

In subsection (b), the words "A motion to discharge" are substituted for "Such motion".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–614 substituted "75 calendar days" for "45 calendar days".

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 substituted provisions deeming the committee discharged from further consideration of a resolution where that committee has not reported the resolution within 45 days of continuous session of Congress after the resolution's introduction for provisions permitting a motion to discharge a committee where the committee considering a resolution has not reported the resolution within 20 calendar days after the resolution's introduction, provisions permitting a motion to discharge to be made only by an individual favoring the resolution and limiting debate to 1 hour, and provisions prohibiting a renewal of a motion to discharge where the original motion was agreed to or disagreed to or the making of another motion with respect to a resolution from the same reorganization plan.

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–179 substituted "20 calendar days" for "10 calendar days".

(a) When the committee has reported, or has been deemed to be discharged (under section 911) from further consideration of, a resolution with respect to a reorganization plan, it is at any time thereafter in order (even though a previous motion to the same effect has been disagreed to) for any Member of the respective House to move to proceed to the consideration of the resolution. The motion is highly privileged and is not debatable. The motion shall not be subject to amendment, or to a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the motion is agreed to or disagreed to shall not be in order. If a motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution is agreed to, the resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the respective House until disposed of.

(b) Debate on the resolution, and on all debatable motions and appeals in connection therewith, shall be limited to not more than ten hours, which shall be divided equally between individuals favoring and individuals opposing the resolution. A motion further to limit debate is in order and not debatable. An amendment to, or a motion to postpone, or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business, or a motion to recommit the resolution is not in order. A motion to reconsider the vote by which the resolution is passed or rejected shall not be in order.

(c) Immediately following the conclusion of the debate on the resolution with respect to a reorganization plan, and a single quorum call at the conclusion of the debate if requested in accordance with the rules of the appropriate House, the vote on final passage of the resolution shall occur.

(d) Appeals from the decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives, as the case may be, to the procedure relating to a resolution with respect to a reorganization plan shall be decided without debate.

(e) If, prior to the passage by one House of a resolution of that House, that House receives a resolution with respect to the same reorganization plan from the other House, then—

(1) the procedure in that House shall be the same as if no resolution had been received from the other House; but

(2) the vote on final passage shall be on the resolution of the other House.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 98–614, §3(d), (e)(1), (2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3193.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 133z–14. | June 20, 1949, ch. 226, §205, 63 Stat. 207. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–614, §3(e)(2), substituted "passage" for "disapproval" in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(d)(1), substituted "passed or rejected" for "agreed to or disagreed to".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(d)(2), substituted "final passage" for "final approval".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–614, §3(e)(1), added subsec. (e).

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–17 inserted "; vote on final disapproval" after "debate" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–17 inserted provisions that a motion to discharge a committee is not subject to a motion to postpone or to a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business and that if a motion to proceed to the consideration of the resolution is agreed to, the resolution shall remain the unfinished business of the respective House until disposed of.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–17 inserted provisions that a motion to postpone or a motion to proceed to the consideration of other business is not in order.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–17 added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–17 added subsec. (d) which provisions were formerly set out in section 913(b) of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 398, providing for decision without debate with respect to motions to postpone, motions to proceed to the consideration of other business, and appeals from decisions of the Chair relating to the application of the rules of the Senate or the House of Representatives, was omitted in the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 95–17, §2, Apr. 6, 1977, 91 Stat. 29. See section 912 of this title.


In this chapter:

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) established by statute or reorganization plan;

(ii) established or utilized by the President; or

(iii) established or utilized by one or more agencies.

(B)

(i) a committee that is composed wholly of full-time, or permanent part-time, officers or employees of the Federal Government; and

(ii) a committee that is created by the National Academy of Sciences or the National Academy of Public Administration.

(3)

(4)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4197.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1001 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §3) | Pub. L. 92–463, §3, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 105–153, §2(a), Dec. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 2689. |


[Although not mentioned in the explanation contained in H. Rept. 117–193, in par. (1), " 'Administrator' means the Administrator of General Services" substituted for " 'Director' means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget" because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).]

Pub. L. 105–153, §1, Dec. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 2689, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 1997'."

Pub. L. 92–463, §1, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Advisory Committee Act'."

(a)

(b)

(1) the need for many existing advisory committees has not been adequately reviewed;

(2) new advisory committees should be established only when they are determined to be essential and their number should be kept to the minimum necessary;

(3) advisory committees should be terminated when they are no longer carrying out the purposes for which they were established;

(4) standards and uniform procedures should govern the establishment, operation, administration, and duration of advisory committees;

(5) Congress and the public should be kept informed with respect to the number, purpose, membership, activities, and cost of advisory committees; and

(6) the function of advisory committees should be advisory only, and all matters under their consideration should be determined, in accordance with law, by the official, agency, or officer involved.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4198.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1002 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §2) | Pub. L. 92–463, §2, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770. |


Ex. Ord. No. 11007, Feb. 27, 1962, 27 F.R. 1875, which related to regulations for formation and use of advisory committees, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11671, June 5, 1972, 37 F.R. 11307.

Ex. Ord. No. 11671, June 5, 1972, 37 F.R. 11307, which related to committee management, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11686, Oct. 7, 1972, 37 F.R. 21421.

Ex. Ord. No. 11686, Oct. 7, 1972, 37 F.R. 21421, which related to committee management, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11769, Feb. 21, 1974, 39 F.R. 7125.

Ex. Ord. No. 11769, Feb. 21, 1974, 39 F.R. 7125, which related to committee management, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12024, Dec. 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 61445, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12024, Dec. 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 61445, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, Section 202 of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 581c) [31 U.S.C. 1531], and Section 7 of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (42 F.R. 56101 (October 21, 1977)) [set out in the Appendix to this title], and as President of the United States of America, in accord with the transfer of advisory committee functions from the Office of Management and Budget to the General Services Administration provided by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Jimmy Carter.

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 18, 2010, 75 F.R. 35955, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

My Administration is committed to reducing the undue influence of special interests that for too long has shaped the national agenda and drowned out the voices of ordinary Americans. Special interests exert this disproportionate influence, in part, by relying on lobbyists who have special access that is not available to all citizens. Although lobbyists can sometimes play a constructive role by communicating information to the government, their service in privileged positions within the executive branch can perpetuate the culture of special-interest access that I am committed to changing.

On the day after my inauguration, I signed Executive Order 13490, which places strict limits on the ability of lobbyists to serve in Government positions related to their prior lobbying activities. Last September, we took another step to close the revolving door through which lobbyists enter and exit Government positions when we announced that my Administration aspires to keep Federal agencies' advisory boards free of federally registered lobbyists. Many departments and agencies are making this aspiration a reality by no longer placing federally registered lobbyists on advisory boards—a practice that I am now establishing as the official policy of my Administration.

Accordingly, I hereby direct the heads of executive departments and agencies not to make any new appointments or reappointments of federally registered lobbyists to advisory committees and other boards and commissions. Within 90 days of the date of this memorandum, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue proposed guidance designed to implement this policy to the full extent permitted by law. The final guidance shall be issued following public comment on the proposed guidance.

This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

(a)

(b)

(1) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(2) the Federal Reserve System; or

(3) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, if the Director of National Intelligence determines that for reasons of national security the advisory committee cannot comply with the requirements of this chapter.

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4198.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1003 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §4) | Pub. L. 92–463, §4, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 771; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §410(a), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2724. |


(a)

(b)

(1) contain a clearly defined purpose for the advisory committee;

(2) require the membership of the advisory committee to be fairly balanced in terms of the points of view represented and the functions to be performed by the advisory committee;

(3) contain appropriate provisions to assure that the advice and recommendations of the advisory committee will not be inappropriately influenced by the appointing authority or by any special interest, but will instead be the result of the advisory committee's independent judgment;

(4) contain provisions dealing with authorization of appropriations, the date for submission of reports (if any), the duration of the advisory committee, and the publication of reports and other materials, to the extent that the standing committee determines the provisions of section 1009 of this chapter to be inadequate; and

(5) contain provisions which will assure that the advisory committee will have adequate staff (either supplied by an agency or employed by it), will be provided adequate quarters, and will have funds available to meet its other necessary expenses.

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4198.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1004 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §5) | Pub. L. 92–463, §5, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 771. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4199.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1005 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §6(a), (b)) | Pub. L. 92–463, §6(a), (b), Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 772. |


(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) whether the committee is carrying out its purpose;

(B) whether, consistent with the provisions of applicable statutes, the responsibilities assigned to the committee should be revised;

(C) whether the committee should be merged with other advisory committees; or

(D) whether the committee should be abolished.

(2)

(3)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A) a member of an advisory committee or of the staff of an advisory committee shall not receive compensation at a rate in excess of the maximum rate payable under section 5376 of this title;

(B) members of advisory committees, while engaged in the performance of their duties away from their homes or regular places of business, may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of this title for persons employed intermittently in the Government service; and

(C) members of advisory committees may be provided services pursuant to section 3102 of this title while in performance of their advisory committee duties if the members—

(i) are blind or deaf or otherwise qualify as individuals with disabilities (within the meaning of section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791)); and

(ii) do not otherwise qualify for assistance under section 3102 of this title by reason of being an employee of an agency (within the meaning of section 3102(a)(1) of this title).

(2)

(A) is a full-time employee of the United States without regard to service with an advisory committee; or

(B) was a full-time employee of the United States immediately before service with an advisory committee.

(e)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4199.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1006 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §7) | Pub. L. 92–463, §7, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 96–523, §2, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040. |


In this section, the words "Administrator" and "General Services Administration" are substituted for "Director" and "Office of Management and Budget", respectively, because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).

In subsection (b)(1), the words "Each year, the Administrator shall conduct a comprehensive review" are substituted for "The Administrator shall, immediately after the enactment of this Act [October 6, 1972], institute a comprehensive review" and "Thereafter, the Administrator shall carry out a similar review annually" to eliminate obsolete language.

In subsection (d)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "Director of the Office of Personnel Management" are substituted for "Civil Service Commission" because of section 102 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.).

In subsection (d)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the words "The guidelines shall provide" are substituted for "The regulations shall provide" for consistency with the 1st sentence of subsection (d)(1), which provides that the Administrator shall establish "guidelines", not regulations.

In subsection (d)(1)(A), the words "maximum rate payable under section 5376 of this title" are substituted for "rate specified for GS–18 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code" for clarity and because of section 101(c) of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (enacted by section 529 of Public Law 101–509 (5 U.S.C. 5376 note)).

In subsection (d)(1)(C)(i), the words "individuals with disabilities" are substituted for "handicapped individuals" for consistency with section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791).

In subsection (d)(1)(C)(i), the citation to "(29 U.S.C. 791)" is substituted for "(29 U.S.C. 794)" to correct an error in the law.

(a)

(b)

(1) exercise control and supervision over the establishment, procedures, and accomplishments of advisory committees established by the agency;

(2) assemble and maintain the reports, records, and other papers of any advisory committee established by the agency during the advisory committee's existence; and

(3) carry out, on behalf of the agency, the provisions of section 552 of this title with respect to such reports, records, and other papers.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4201.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1007 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §8) | Pub. L. 92–463, §8, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 773. |


In subsection (a), the word "Administrator" is substituted for "Director" (meaning the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).

(a)

(1) specifically authorized by statute or by the President; or

(2) determined as a matter of formal record, by the head of the agency involved after consultation with the Administrator, with timely notice published in the Federal Register, to be in the public interest in connection with the performance of duties imposed on that agency by law.

(b)

(c)

(1)

(A) with the Administrator in the case of Presidential advisory committees; or

(B) with—

(i) the head of the agency to whom the advisory committee reports; and

(ii) the standing committees of the Senate and House of Representatives having legislative jurisdiction over the agency to which the advisory committee reports.

(2)

(A) the committee's official designation;

(B) the committee's objectives and the scope of its activity;

(C) the period of time necessary for the committee to carry out its purposes;

(D) the agency or official to whom the committee reports;

(E) the agency responsible for providing the necessary support for the committee;

(F) a description of the duties for which the committee is responsible, and, if the duties are not solely advisory, a specification of the authority for the duties;

(G) the estimated annual operating costs for the committee in dollars and person-years;

(H) the estimated number and frequency of committee meetings;

(I) the committee's termination date, if less than 2 years from the date of the committee's establishment; and

(J) the date the charter is filed.

(3)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4201.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1008 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §9) | Pub. L. 92–463, §9, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 773. |


In subsection (a)(2) and subsection (c)(1)(A), the word "Administrator" is substituted for "Director" (meaning the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4202.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1009 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §10) | Pub. L. 92–463, §10, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 94–409, §5(c), Sept. 13, 1976, 90 Stat. 1247. |


In subsection (a), in paragraphs (2) and (3), the word "Administrator" is substituted for "Director" (meaning the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4203.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1010 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §11) | Pub. L. 92–463, §11, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 775. |


In subsection (b), the words "Except where prohibited by contractual agreements entered into prior to the effective date of this Act [i.e., 90 days after October 6, 1972]" are omitted as obsolete.

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4203.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1011 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §12) | Pub. L. 92–463, §12, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 775. |


Subject to section 552 of this title, the Administrator shall provide for the filing with the Library of Congress of at least 8 copies of each report made by each advisory committee and, where appropriate, background papers prepared by consultants. The Librarian of Congress shall establish a depository for the reports and papers and make them available for public inspection and use.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4204.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1012 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §13) | Pub. L. 92–463, §13, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 775. |


In this section, the word "Administrator" is substituted for "Director" (meaning the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) because of section 5F of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1977 (5 U.S.C. App.).

(a)

(1)

(A) in the case of an advisory committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such advisory committee is renewed by the President or that officer by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period; or

(B) in the case of an advisory committee established by an Act of Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law.

(2)

(A) in the case of an advisory committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government 1 such advisory committee is renewed by the President or such officer by appropriate action prior to the end of such period; or

(B) in the case of an advisory committee established by an Act of Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4204.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1013 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §14) | Pub. L. 92–463, §14, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776. |


In subsection (a)(1) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the date "January 5, 1973" is substituted for "the effective date of this Act", and in subsection (a)(2) (matter before subparagraph (A)), the date "January 5, 1973" is substituted for "such effective date", for clarity. In accordance with section 16 (formerly section 15) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Public Law 92–463, 86 Stat. 776), which provides "this Act shall become effective upon the expiration of ninety days following the date of enactment", the effective date of the Act is January 5, 1973.

Ex. Ord. No. 14109, Sept. 29, 2023, 88 F.R. 68447, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and consistent with chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Advisory Committee Act), it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) Committee for the Preservation of the White House; Executive Order 11145, as amended [3 U.S.C. 110 note] (Department of the Interior).

(b) President's Commission on White House Fellowships; Executive Order 11183, as amended (Office of Personnel Management).

(c) President's Committee on the National Medal of Science; Executive Order 11287, as amended [42 U.S.C. 1881 note] (National Science Foundation).

(d) Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health; Executive Order 11612, as amended [see Ex. Ord. No. 12196, 5 U.S.C. 7902 note] (Department of Labor).

(e) President's Export Council; Executive Order 12131, as amended [50 U.S.C. 4601 note] (Department of Commerce).

(f) President's Committee on the International Labor Organization; Executive Order 12216, as amended [22 U.S.C. 271 note] (Department of Labor).

(g) President's National Security Telecommunications Advisory Committee; Executive Order 12382, as amended [47 U.S.C. 901 note] (Department of Homeland Security).

(h) National Industrial Security Program Policy Advisory Committee; Executive Order 12829, as amended [50 U.S.C. 3161 note] (National Archives and Records Administration).

(i) Trade and Environment Policy Advisory Committee; Executive Order 12905 [19 U.S.C. 2155 note] (Office of the United States Trade Representative).

(j) Governmental Advisory Committee to the United States Representative to the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Executive Order 12915 [19 U.S.C. 3472 note] (Environmental Protection Agency).

(k) National Advisory Committee to the United States Representative to the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation; Executive Order 12915 [19 U.S.C. 3472 note] (Environmental Protection Agency).

(l) Good Neighbor Environmental Board; Executive Order 12916, as amended [19 U.S.C. 3473 note] (Environmental Protection Agency).

(m) Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS; Executive Order 12963, as amended [42 U.S.C. 300cc–1 note] (Department of Health and Human Services).

(n) President's Committee for People with Intellectual Disabilities; Executive Order 12994, as amended [42 U.S.C. 15001 note] (Department of Health and Human Services).

(o) Invasive Species Advisory Committee; Executive Order 13112, as amended [42 U.S.C. 4321 note] (Department of the Interior).

(p) Advisory Board on Radiation and Worker Health; Executive Order 13179 [42 U.S.C. 7384 note] (Department of Health and Human Services).

(q) National Infrastructure Advisory Council; Executive Order 13231, as amended [6 U.S.C. 121 note] (Department of Homeland Security).

(r) President's Council on Sports, Fitness, and Nutrition; Executive Order 13265, as amended [42 U.S.C. 300u note] (Department of Health and Human Services).

(s) Interagency Task Force on Veterans Small Business Development; Executive Order 13540 [15 U.S.C. 657b note] (Small Business Administration).

(t) State, Local, Tribal, and Private Sector (SLTPS) Policy Advisory Committee; Executive Order 13549 [50 U.S.C. 3161 note] (National Archives and Records Administration).

(u) President's Advisory Council on Doing Business in Africa; Executive Order 13675, as amended [15 U.S.C. 4727 note] (Department of Commerce).

(v) President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology; Executive Order 14007, as amended [42 U.S.C. 6601 note] (Department of Energy).

(w) White House Environmental Justice Advisory Council; Executive Order 14008 [42 U.S.C. 4321 note] (Environmental Protection Agency).

(x) President's Advisory Commission on Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders; Executive Order 14031 [42 U.S.C. 3501 note] (Department of Health and Human Services).

(y) President's Board of Advisors on Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Executive Order 14041 [20 U.S.C. 1060 note] (Department of Education).

(z) Presidential Advisory Commission on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics; Executive Order 14045 [20 U.S.C. 3411 note] (Department of Education).

(aa) Presidential Advisory Commission on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans; Executive Order 14050 [20 U.S.C. 3411 note] (Department of Education).

(bb) President's Committee on the Arts and the Humanities; Executive Order 14084 [20 U.S.C. 9102 note] (Institute of Museum and Library Services).

(cc) President's Advisory Council on African Diaspora Engagement in the United States; Executive Order 14089 [22 U.S.C. 2656 note] (Department of State).

(dd) Commerce Spectrum Management Advisory Committee; initially established pursuant to Presidential Memorandum on Improving Spectrum Management for the 21st Century (November 29, 2004) (Department of Commerce).

(ee) Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 6920 of September 18, 1996, as amended [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(ff) San Juan Islands National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 8947 of March 25, 2013 [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(gg) Bears Ears National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 9558 of December 28, 2016, as amended [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(hh) Gold Butte National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 9559 of December 28, 2016 [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(ii) Avi Kwa Ame National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 10533 of March 21, 2023 [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(jj) Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni-Ancestral Footprints of the Grand Canyon National Monument Advisory Committee; Proclamation 10606 of August 8, 2023 [listed in a table under 54 U.S.C. 320301] (Department of the Interior).

(kk) National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Advisory Board; Space Policy Directive 7, "The United States Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Policy" (January 15, 2021) (National Aeronautics and Space Administration).

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Provisions providing for the continuance of certain Federal advisory committees were contained in the following:

Ex. Ord. No. 14048, Sept. 30, 2021, 86 F.R. 55465, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 14109, §3, Sept. 29, 2023, 88 F.R. 68449.

Ex. Ord. No. 13889, Sept. 27, 2019, 84 F.R. 52743, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13935, §4(a), July 9, 2020, 85 F.R. 42685, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 14048, §3, Sept. 30, 2021, 86 F.R. 55466.

Ex. Ord. No. 13811, Sept. 29, 2017, 82 F.R. 46363, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13889, §3, Sept. 27, 2019, 84 F.R. 52745.

Ex. Ord. No. 13708, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60271, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13811, §3, Sept. 29, 2017, 82 F.R. 46365.

Ex. Ord. No. 13652, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61817, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13708, §3, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60273.

Ex. Ord. No. 13591, Nov. 23, 2011, 76 F.R. 74623, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13652, §3, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61818.

Ex. Ord. No. 13585, Sept. 30, 2011, 76 F.R. 62281, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13592, §5(c), Dec. 2, 2011, 76 F.R. 76607, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13652, §3, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61818.

Ex. Ord. No. 13511, Sept. 29, 2009, 74 F.R. 50909, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13585, §3, Sept. 30, 2011, 76 F.R. 62281.

Ex. Ord. No. 13446, Sept. 28, 2007, 72 F.R. 56175, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13511, §3, Sept. 29, 2009, 74 F.R. 50910.

Ex. Ord. No. 13385, Sept. 29, 2005, 70 F.R. 57989, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13446, §4, Sept. 28, 2007, 72 F.R. 56176.

Ex. Ord. No. 13316, Sept. 17, 2003, 68 F.R. 55255, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13385, §4, Sept. 29, 2005, 70 F.R. 57990.

Ex. Ord. No. 13225, Sept. 28, 2001, 66 F.R. 50291, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13316, §4, Sept. 17, 2003, 68 F.R. 55256.

Ex. Ord. No. 13138, Sept. 30, 1999, 64 F.R. 53879, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13226, §4(c), Sept. 30, 2001, 66 F.R. 50524, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13225, §4, Sept. 28, 2001, 66 F.R. 50292.

Ex. Ord. No. 13062, Sept. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 51755, partially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13138, §4, Sept. 30, 1999, 64 F.R. 53880.

Ex. Ord. No. 12974, Sept. 29, 1995, 60 F.R. 51875, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13062, Sept. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 51755.

Ex. Ord. No. 12869, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51751, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12882, §4(c), Nov. 23, 1993, 58 F.R. 62493, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12974, Sept. 29, 1995, 60 F.R. 51875.

Ex. Ord. No. 12774, Sept. 27, 1991, 56 F.R. 49835, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12869, §5, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51751.

Ex. Ord. No. 12692, Sept. 29, 1989, 54 F.R. 40627, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12704, Feb. 26, 1990, 55 F.R. 6969, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12774, §4, Sept. 27, 1991, 56 F.R. 49835.

Ex. Ord. No. 12610, Sept. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 36901, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12692, Sept. 29, 1989, 54 F.R. 40627.

Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12610, Sept. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 36901.

Ex. Ord. No. 12489, Sept. 28, 1984, 49 F.R. 38927, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319.

Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319.

Ex. Ord. No. 12258, Dec. 31, 1980, 46 F.R. 1251, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12271, Jan. 15, 1981, 46 F.R. 4677; Ex. Ord. No. 12299, Mar. 17, 1981, 46 F.R. 17751; Ex. Ord. No. 12305, May 5, 1981, 46 F.R. 25421; Ex. Ord. No. 12336, Dec. 21, 1981, 46 F.R. 62239, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379.

Ex. Ord. No. 12110, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1069, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12258, Dec. 31, 1980, 46 F.R. 1251.

Ex. Ord. No. 11948, Dec. 20, 1976, 41 F.R. 55705, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12007, Aug. 22, 1977, 42 F.R. 42839; Ex. Ord. No. 12029, Dec. 14, 1977, 42 F.R. 63631, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12110, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1069.

Ex. Ord. No. 11827, Jan. 4, 1975, 40 F.R. 1217, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11915, May 10, 1976, 41 F.R. 19195, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11948, Dec. 20, 1976, 41 F.R. 55705.

Ex. Ord. No. 12838, Feb. 10, 1993, 58 F.R. 8207, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act ("FACA"), as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], it is hereby ordered as follows:

William J. Clinton.

Provisions providing for the termination of certain Federal advisory committees are contained in the following:

Ex. Ord. No. 12379, Aug. 17, 1982, 47 F.R. 36099.

Ex. Ord. No. 12305, May 5, 1981, 46 F.R. 25421.

Ex. Ord. No. 12029, Dec. 14, 1977, 42 F.R. 63631.

Ex. Ord. No. 12007, Aug. 22, 1977, 42 F.R. 42839.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a)

(1) the committee was not subject to any actual management or control by an agency or an officer of the Federal Government;

(2) in the case of a committee created after December 17, 1997, the membership of the committee was appointed in accordance with the requirements described in subsection (b)(1); and

(3) in developing the advice or recommendation, the academy complied with—

(A) subsection (b)(2) through (6), in the case of any advice or recommendation provided by the National Academy of Sciences; or

(B) subsection (b)(2) and (5), in the case of any advice or recommendation provided by the National Academy of Public Administration.

(b)

(1)

(A) no individual appointed to serve on the committee has a conflict of interest that is relevant to the functions to be performed, unless such conflict is promptly and publicly disclosed and the Academy determines that the conflict is unavoidable;

(B) the committee membership is fairly balanced as determined by the Academy to be appropriate for the functions to be performed; and

(C) the final report of the Academy will be the result of the Academy's independent judgment.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(a), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4205.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1014 | 5 U.S.C. App. (FACA §15) | Pub. L. 92–463, §15, as added Pub. L. 105–153, §2(b), Dec. 17, 1997, 111 Stat. 2689. |


In subsection (a)(2), the date "December 17, 1997" is substituted for "the date of the enactment of the Federal Advisory Committee Act Amendments of 1997" for clarity.


**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1302(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2288, added item for chapter 14.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(1), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346, substituted "Employee" for "Individual" in item for chapter 12.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12, §3(b)(1), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 31, substituted ", Office of Special Counsel, and Individual Right of Action" for "and Special Counsel" in item for chapter 12.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(c)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121, substituted "CIVIL SERVICE FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES" for "THE UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION" in heading for Part II.

Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(c)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121, substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Organization" in item for chapter 11.

Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(d), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, added item for chapter 12.


**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1119, substituted in chapter heading "OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT" for "ORGANIZATION", in item 1101 "Office of Personnel Management" for "Appointment of Commissioners", in item 1102 "Director; Deputy Director; Associate Directors" for "Term of office; filling vacancies; removal", in item 1103 "Functions of the Director" for "Chairman; Vice Chairman; Executive Director", in item 1104 "Delegation of authority for personnel management" for "Functions of Chairman", and in item 1105 "Administrative procedure" for "Boards of examiners".

The Office of Personnel Management is an independent establishment in the executive branch. The Office shall have an official seal, which shall be judicially noticed, and shall have its principal office in the District of Columbia, and may have field offices in other appropriate locations.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1119.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 632 (1st par.). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §1 (1st par.), 22 Stat. 403. |


The words "official place under the United States" are changed to "another office or position in the Government" of the "United States" to conform to the present legislative use of "office" and "position".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Appointment of Commissioners" in section catchline, and in text provisions relating to the establishment, etc., of the Office of Personnel Management for provisions relating to the appointment of members to the United States Civil Service Commission.

Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §907, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1227, provided that: "Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act, the provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978]."

Pub. L. 102–378, §1(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Technical and Miscellaneous Civil Service Amendments Act of 1992'."

Pub. L. 98–224, §1, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 47, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 1304, 3323, 4108, 4109, 7104, and 7122 of this title] may be cited as the 'Civil Service Miscellaneous Amendments Act of 1983'."

Pub. L. 95–454, §1, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1111, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Civil Service Reform Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §902, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1223, provided that:

"(a) Except as otherwise provided in this Act [see Tables for classification], all executive orders, rules, and regulations affecting the Federal service shall continue in effect, according to their terms, until modified, terminated, superseded, or repealed by the President, the Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or the Federal Labor Relations Authority with respect to matters within their respective jurisdictions.

"(b) No provision of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall affect any administrative proceedings pending at the time such provision takes effect. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings and appeals shall be taken therefrom as if this Act had not been enacted.

"(c) No suit, action, or other proceeding lawfully commenced by or against the Director of the Office of Personnel Management or the members of the Merit Systems Protection Board, or officers or employees thereof, in their official capacity or in relation to the discharge of their official duties, as in effect immediately before the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note above], shall abate by reason of the enactment of this Act [see Tables for classification]. Determinations with respect to any such suit, action, or other proceeding shall be made as if this Act had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 108–458, title VIII, §8403(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3870, as amended by Pub. L. 111–283, §2(c)(2), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3048, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

(B)

"(3)

"(A) all positions which are appointed by the President, including the title and description of the duties of each position;

"(B) the name of each person holding a position described under subparagraph (A);

"(C) any vacancy in the positions described under subparagraph (A), and the period of time any such position has been vacant;

"(D) the date on which an appointment made after the applicable Presidential election for any position described under subparagraph (A) is necessary to ensure effective operation of the Government; and

"(E) any other information that the Office of Personnel Management determines is useful in making appointments."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IX, §906, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1561, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may accept a transfer of functions under paragraph (1).

"(3) Any transfer of a function under this subsection is a transfer of function within the meaning of section 3503 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(2) The conditions referred to in paragraph (1) are the following:

"(A) That the Office of Personnel Management is fully capable of carrying out high-priority investigations required by the Secretary of Defense within a timeframe set by the Secretary of Defense.

"(B) That the Office of Personnel Management has undertaken necessary and satisfactory steps to ensure that investigations performed on Department of Defense contract personnel will be conducted in an expeditious manner sufficient to ensure that those contract personnel are available to the Department of Defense within a timeframe set by the Secretary of Defense.

"(C) That the Department of Defense will retain capabilities in the form of Federal employees to monitor and investigate Department of Defense and contractor personnel as necessary to perform counterintelligence functions and polygraph activities of the Department.

"(D) That the authority to adjudicate background investigations will remain with the Department of Defense and that the transfer of Defense Security Service personnel to the Office of Personnel Management will improve the speed and efficiency of the adjudication process.

"(E) That the Department of Defense will retain within the Defense Security Service sufficient personnel and capabilities to improve Department of Defense industrial security programs and practices.

"(c)

"(A) the Defense Security Service employees who perform those functions immediately before the transfer of functions; and

"(B) the Defense Security Service employees who, as of such time, are first level supervisors of employees transferred under subparagraph (A).

"(2) The Secretary may also transfer to the Office of Personnel Management any Defense Security Service employees (including higher level supervisors) who provide support services for the performance of the functions transferred under subsection (a) or for the personnel (including supervisors) transferred under paragraph (1) if the Director—

"(A) determines that the transfer of such additional employees and the positions of such employees to the Office of Personnel Management is necessary in the interest of effective performance of the transferred functions; and

"(B) accepts the transfer of the additional employees.

"(3) In the case of an employee transferred to the Office of Personnel Management under paragraph (1) or (2), whether a full-time or part-time employee—

"(A) subsections (b) and (c) of section 5362 of title 5, United States Code, relating to grade retention, shall apply to the employee, except that—

"(i) the grade retention period shall be the one-year period beginning on the date of the transfer; and

"(ii) paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of such subsection (c) shall not apply to the employee; and

"(B) the employee may not be separated, other than pursuant to chapter 75 of title 5, United States Code, during such one-year period.

"(d)

"(2) A function performed by Defense Security Service [now Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency] employees as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003] may not be converted to contractor performance by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management until—

"(A) the Director reviews the function in accordance with the requirements of paragraph (1) and makes a written determination that the function is not inherently governmental and is not otherwise inappropriate for contractor performance; and

"(B) the Director conducts a public-private competition regarding the performance of that function in accordance with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget Circular A–76."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1127, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1640, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(2) At the end of each of the first 3 calendar years in which an agency or other employing entity offers a flexible spending account option under this section, such agency or entity shall submit a report to the Office of Management and Budget showing the amount of its employment tax savings in such year which are attributable to such option, net of administrative fees paid under subsection (b)."

Pub. L. 102–393, title V, §532, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1763, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning October 1, 1992, and thereafter, no funds made available to the Office of Personnel Management may be used to prepare, promulgate, or implement any rules or regulations relating to the Combined Federal Campaign unless such rules or regulations include a Combined Federal Campaign brochure list and general designation option solely for international agencies, which list (listed by Federation in the case of affiliated agencies) and option shall include only those international agencies that elect in their annual application to be included under such list and option rather than under the national agencies list and option: *Provided*, That such limitation on the use of funds shall not apply to any activities related to the 1992 Combined Federal Campaign."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §535, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1470, directed Office of Personnel Management to review and report to Congress, not later than 24 months after Nov. 5, 1990, on the productivity of the Federal workforce, such report to include recommendations with regard to (1) how productivity within the Federal workforce can be increased, the delivery of Government services improved, and the payroll costs of Government controlled through improved organization, training, advanced technology, and modern management practices, (2) the size, structure, and composition of the Federal workforce, (3) criteria for use by departments and agencies to determine the level of personnel necessary to accomplish their functions and goals, and (4) changes in Federal law, regulations, and administrative practices to promote economy, productivity, effectiveness, and managerial accountability within the Federal workforce.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §618], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–423, provided that:

"(a) None of the funds appropriated by this Act, or any other Act in this or any fiscal year hereafter, may be used in preparing, promulgating, or implementing any regulations relating to the Combined Federal Campaign if such regulations are not in conformance with subsection (b).

"(b)(1)(A) Any requirements for eligibility to receive contributions through the Combined Federal Campaign shall not, to the extent that such requirements relate to litigation, public-policy advocacy, or attempting to influence legislation, be any more restrictive than any requirements established with respect to those subject matters under section 501(c)(3) or 501(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 501(c)(3), (h)].

"(B) Any requirements for eligibility to receive contributions through the Combined Federal Campaign shall, to the extent that such requirements relate to any subject matter other than one referred to in subparagraph (A), remain the same as the criteria in the 1984 regulations, except as otherwise provided in this section.

"(C) Notwithstanding any requirement referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B), for purposes of any Combined Federal Campaign—

"(i) any voluntary agency or federated group which was a named plaintiff as of September 1, 1987, in a case brought in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, and designated as Civil Action No. 83–0928 or 86–1367, and

"(ii) The Federal Employee Education and Assistance Fund,

shall be considered to have national eligibility.

"(D) Public accountability standards shall remain similar to the standards which were by regulation established with respect to the 1984–1987 Combined Federal Campaigns, except that the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which a voluntary agency or federated group which does not exceed a certain size (as established under such regulations) may submit a copy of an appropriate Federal tax return, rather than complying with any independent auditing requirements which would otherwise apply.

"(2)(A) A voluntary agency or federated group shall, for purposes of any Combined Federal Campaign in any year, be considered to have national eligibility if such agency or group—

"(i) complies with all requirements for eligibility to receive contributions through the Combined Federal Campaign, without regard to any requirements relating to 'local presence'; and

"(ii) demonstrates that it provided services, benefits, or assistance, or otherwise conducted program activities, in—

"(I) 15 or more different States over the 3-year period immediately preceding the start of the year involved; or

"(II) several foreign countries or several parts of a foreign country.

For purposes of this subparagraph, an agency or federated group shall be considered to have conducted program activities in the required number of States, countries, or parts of a country, over the period of years involved, if such agency or group conducted program activities in such number of States, countries, or parts either in any single year during such period or in the aggregate over the course of such period, provided that no State, country, or part of a country is counted more than once.

"(B) Notwithstanding any other provisions, eligibility requirements relating to International Services Agencies shall remain at least as inclusive as existing requirements. Any voluntary agency or federated group which attains national eligibility under subparagraph (A), and any voluntary agency which is a member of the International Services Agencies, shall be considered to have satisfied any requirements relating to 'local presence'.

"(3)(A) If a federated group is eligible to receive donations in a Combined Federal Campaign, whether on a national level (pursuant to certification by the Office) or a local level (pursuant to certification by the local Federal coordinating committee), each voluntary agency which is a member of such group may, upon certification by the federated group, be considered eligible to participate on such national or local level, as the case may be.

"(B) Notwithstanding any provision of subparagraph (A)—

"(i) the Office may require a voluntary agency to provide information to support any certification submitted by a federated group with respect to such agency under subparagraph (A); and

"(ii) if a determination is made, in writing after notice and opportunity to submit written comments, that the information submitted by the voluntary agency does not satisfy the applicable eligibility requirements, such agency may be barred from participating in the Combined Federal Campaign on a national or local level, as the case may be, for a period not to exceed 1 campaign year.

"(4) The Office shall exercise oversight responsibility to ensure that—

"(A) regulations are uniformly and equitably implemented in all local combined Federal campaigns;

"(B) federated groups participating in a local combined Federal campaign are allowed to compete fairly for the role of principal combined fund organization;

"(C) federated groups participating in a local combined Federal campaign are afforded—

"(i) adequate opportunity to consult with the PCFO for the area involved before any plans are made final relating to the design or conduct of such campaign (including plans pertaining to any materials to be printed as part of the campaign);

"(ii) adequate opportunity to participate in campaign events and other related activities; and

"(iii) timely access to all reports, budgets, audits, and other records in the possession of, or under the control of, the PCFO for the areas involved; and

"(D) a federated group or voluntary agency found by the Office, by a written decision issued after notice and opportunity to submit written comments, to have violated the regulations may be barred from serving as a PCFO for not to exceed 1 campaign year.

"(5) The Office shall prescribe regulations to ensure that PCFOs do not make inappropriate delegations of decisionmaking authority.

"(6)(A) The Office shall, in consultation with federated groups, establish a formula under which any undesignated contributions received in a local combined Federal campaign shall be allocated in any year.

"(B) Under the formula for the 1990 Combined Federal Campaign, all undesignated contributions received in a local campaign shall be allocated as follows:

"(i) 82 percent shall be allocated to the United Way.

"(ii) 7 percent shall be allocated to the International Services Agencies.

"(iii) 7 percent shall be allocated to the National Voluntary Health Agencies.

"(iv) 4 percent shall, after fair and careful consideration of all eligible federated groups and agencies, be allocated by the local Federal coordinating committee among any or all of the following:

"(I) National federated groups (other than any identified in clauses (i), (ii), or (iii)), except that a national federated group shall not be eligible under this subclause unless there are at least 15 members of such group participating in the local campaign, unless the members of such group collectively receive at least 4 percent of the designated contributions in the local campaign, and unless such group was granted national eligibility status for the 1987, 1988, 1989, or 1990 Combined Federal Campaign.

"(II) Local federated groups.

"(III) Any local, non-affiliated voluntary agency which receives at least 4 percent of the designated contributions in the local campaign.

"(C) The formula set forth in subparagraph (B)—

"(i) shall be phased in over the course of the 1988 and 1989 Combined Federal Campaigns;

"(ii) shall be fully implemented with respect to the 1990 Combined Federal Campaigns [sic]; and

"(iii) shall, with respect to any Combined Federal Campaign thereafter, be adjusted based on the experience gained in the Combined Federal Campaigns referred to in clauses (i) and (ii).

"(D) Nothing in this paragraph shall apply with respect to any campaign conducted in a foreign country.

"(E) All appropriate steps shall be taken to encourage donors to make designated contributions.

"(7) The option for a donor to write in the name of a voluntary agency or federated group not listed in the campaign brochure to receive that individual's contribution in a local campaign shall be eliminated.

"(8) The name of any individual making a designated contribution in a campaign shall, upon request of the recipient voluntary agency or federated group, be released to such agency or group, unless the contributor indicates that his or her name is not to be released. Under no circumstance may the names of contributors be sold or otherwise released by such agency or group.

"(9)(A) The name of each participating voluntary agency and federated group, together with a brief description of their respective programs, shall be published in any information leaflet distributed to employees in a local combined Federal campaign. Agencies shall be arranged by federated group, with combined Federal campaign organization code numbers corresponding to each such agency and group.

"(B) The requirement under subparagraph (A) relating to the inclusion of program descriptions may, at the discretion of a local Federal coordinating committee, be waived for a local campaign in any year if, in the immediately preceding campaign year, contributions received through the local campaign totalled less than $100,000.

"(10) Employee coercion is not to be tolerated in the Combined Federal Campaign, and protections against employee coercion shall be strengthened and clarified.

"(11) The Office—

"(A) may not, after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987], grant national eligibility status to any federated group unless such group has at least 15 member voluntary agencies, each of which meets the requirements for national eligibility under paragraph (2)(A); and

"(B) may withdraw federation status from any federated group for a period of not to exceed 1 campaign year if it is determined, on the record after opportunity for a hearing, that the federated group has not complied with the regulatory requirements.

"(12) The Office may bar from participation in the Combined Federal Campaign, for a period not to exceed 1 campaign year, any voluntary agency which the Office determines, in writing, and after notice and opportunity to submit written comments, did not comply with a reasonable request by the Office to furnish it with information relating to such agency's campaign accounting and auditing practices.

"(c) For purposes of this section, a voluntary agency or federated group having 'national eligibility' is one which is eligible to participate in each local domestic combined Federal campaign."

Pub. L. 95–454, §3, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1112, provided that: "It is the policy of the United States that—

"(1) in order to provide the people of the United States with a competent, honest, and productive Federal work force reflective of the Nation's diversity, and to improve the quality of public service, Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with merit system principles and free from prohibited personnel practices;

"(2) the merit system principles which shall govern in the competitive service and in the executive branch of the Federal Government should be expressly stated to furnish guidance to Federal agencies in carrying out their responsibilities in administering the public business, and prohibited personnel practices should be statutorily defined to enable Federal employees to avoid conduct which undermines the merit system principles and the integrity of the merit system;

"(3) Federal employees should receive appropriate protection through increasing the authority and powers of the Merit Systems Protection Board in processing hearings and appeals affecting Federal employees;

"(4) the authority and power of the Special Counsel should be increased so that the Special Counsel may investigate allegations involving prohibited personnel practices and reprisals against Federal employees for the lawful disclosure of certain information and may file complaints against agency officials and employees who engage in such conduct;

"(5) the function of filling positions and other personnel functions in the competitive service and in the executive branch should be delegated in appropriate cases to the agencies to expedite processing appointments and other personnel actions, with the control and oversight of this delegation being maintained by the Office of Personnel Management to protect against prohibited personnel practices and the use of unsound management practices by the agencies;

"(6) a Senior Executive Service should be established to provide the flexibility needed by agencies to recruit and retain the highly competent and qualified executives needed to provide more effective management of agencies and their functions, and the more expeditious administration of the public business;

"(7) in appropriate instances, pay increases should be based on quality of performance rather than length of service;

"(8) research programs and demonstration projects should be authorized to permit Federal agencies to experiment, subject to congressional oversight, with new and different personnel management concepts in controlled situations to achieve more efficient management of the Government's human resources and greater productivity in the delivery of service to the public;

"(9) the training program of the Government should include retraining of employees for positions in other agencies to avoid separations during reductions in force and the loss to the Government of the knowledge and experience that these employees possess; and

"(10) the right of Federal employees to organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations in decisions which affect them, with full regard for the public interest and the effective conduct of public business, should be specifically recognized in statute."

Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §904, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, provided that:

"Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Act [see Tables for classification], no provision of this Act shall be construed to—

"(1) limit, curtail, abolish, or terminate any function of, or authority available to, the President which the President had immediately before the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note above]; or

"(2) limit, curtail, or terminate the President's authority to delegate, redelegate, or terminate any delegation of functions."

Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §905, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, provided that: "Any provision in either Reorganization Plan Numbered 1 [set out in the Appendix to this title] or 2 [set out below] of 1978 inconsistent with any provision in this Act [see Tables for classification] is hereby superseded."

Prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives in Congress assembled, May 23, 1978,1 pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 9 of Title 5 of the United States Code.

There is hereby established as an independent establishment in the Executive Branch, the Office of Personnel Management (the "Office"). The head of the Office shall be the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (the "Director"), who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter provided for level II of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5313]. The position referred to in 5 U.S.C. 5109(b) is hereby abolished.

Except as otherwise specified in this Plan, all functions vested by statute in the United States Civil Service Commission, or the Chairman of said Commission, or the Boards of Examiners established by 5 U.S.C. 1105 are hereby transferred to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

(a) There shall be within the Office a Deputy Director who shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and who shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter provided for level III of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5314]. The Deputy Director shall perform such functions as the Director may from time to time prescribe and shall act as Director during the absence or disability of the Director or in the event of a vacancy in the Office of the Director.

(b) There shall be within the Office not more than five Associate Directors, who shall be appointed by the Director in the excepted service, shall have such titles as the Director shall from time to time determine, and shall receive compensation at the rate now or hereafter provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315].

The functions of the Director shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

(a) Aiding the President, as the President may request, in preparing such rules as the President prescribes, for the administration of civilian employment now within the jurisdiction of the United States Civil Service Commission;

(b) Advising the President, as the President may request, on any matters pertaining to civilian employment now within the jurisdiction of the United States Civil Service Commission;

(c) Executing, administering and enforcing the Civil Service rules and regulations of the President and the Office and the statutes governing the same, and other activities of the Office including retirement and classification activities except to the extent such functions remain vested in the Merit Systems Protection Board pursuant to Section 202 of this Plan, or are transferred to the Special Counsel pursuant to Section 204 of this Plan. The Director shall provide the public, where appropriate, a reasonable opportunity to comment and submit written views on the implementation and interpretation of such rules and regulations;

(d) Conducting or otherwise providing for studies and research for the purpose of assuring improvements in personnel management, and recommending to the President actions to promote an efficient Civil Service and a systematic application of the merit system principles, including measures relating to the selection, promotion, transfer, performance, pay, conditions of service, tenure, and separations of employees; and

(e) Performing the training responsibilities now performed by the United States Civil Service Commission as set forth in 5 U.S.C. Chapter 41.

The Director may delegate, from time to time, to the head of any agency employing persons in the competitive service, the performance of all or any part of those functions transferred under this Plan to the Director which relate to employees, or applicants for employment, of such agency.

(a) The United States Civil Service Commission is hereby redesignated the Merit Systems Protection Board. The Commissioners of the United States Civil Service Commission are hereby redesignated as members of the Merit Systems Protection Board (the "Board").

(b) The Chairman of the Board shall be its chief executive and administrative officer. The position of Executive Director, established by 5 U.S.C. 1103(d), is hereby abolished.

(a) There shall remain with the Board the hearing, adjudication, and appeals functions of the United States Civil Service Commission specified in 5 U.S.C. 1104(b)(4) (except hearings, adjudications and appeals with respect to examination ratings), and also found in the following statutes:

(i) 5 U.S.C. 1504–1507, 7325, 5335, 7521, 7701 and 8347(d);

(ii) 38 U.S.C. 2023

(b) There shall remain with the Board the functions vested in the United States Civil Service Commission, or its Chairman, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 1104(a)(5) and (b)(4) to enforce decisions rendered pursuant to the authorities described in Subsection (a) of this Section.

(c) Any member of the Board may request from the Director, in connection with a matter then pending before the Board for adjudication, an advisory opinion concerning interpretation of rules, regulations, or other policy directives promulgated by the Office of Personnel Management.

(d) Whenever the interpretation or application of a rule, regulation, or policy directive of the Office of Personnel Management is at issue in any hearing, adjudication, or appeal before the Board, the Board shall promptly notify the Director, and the Director shall have the right to intervene in such proceedings.

(e) The Board shall designate individuals to chair performance rating boards established pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 4305.

(f) The Chairman of the Board shall designate representatives to chair boards of review established pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3383(b).

(g) The Board may from time to time conduct special studies relating to the Civil Service, and to other merit systems in the Executive Branch and report to the President and the Congress whether the public interest in a workforce free of personnel practices prohibited by law or regulations is being adequately protected. In carrying out this function the Board shall make such inquiries as may be necessary, and, to the extent permitted by law, shall have access to personnel records or information collected by the Office of Personnel Management and may require additional reports from other agencies as needed. The Board shall make such recommendations to the President and the Congress as it deems appropriate.

(h) The Board may delegate the performance of any of its administrative functions to any officer or employee of the Board.

(i) The Board shall have the authority to prescribe such regulations as may be necessary for the performance of its functions. The Board shall not issue advisory opinions. The Board may issue rules and regulations, consistent with statutory requirements, defining its review procedures, including the time limits within which an appeal must be filed and the rights and responsibilities of the parties to an appeal. All regulations of the Board shall be published in the

The Board shall accept appeals from agency actions effected prior to the effective date of this Plan. On the effective date of Part II of this Plan, proceedings then before the Federal Employee Appeals Authority shall continue before the Board; proceedings then before the Appeals Review Board and proceedings then before the United States Civil Service Commission on appeal from decisions of the Appeals Review Board shall continue before the Board; other employee appeals before boards or other bodies pursuant to law or regulation shall continue to be processed pursuant to those laws or regulations. Nothing in this section shall affect the right of a Federal employee to judicial review under applicable law.

(a) There shall be a Special Counsel to the Board appointed for a term of four years by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall be compensated as now or hereafter provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315].

(b) There are hereby transferred to the Special Counsel all functions with respect to investigations relating to violations of 5 U.S.C. Chapter 15; 5 U.S.C. Subchapter III of Chapter 73 (Political Activities); and 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(4)(F) (public information).

(c) The Special Counsel may investigate, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 1303, allegations of personnel practices which are prohibited by law or regulation.

(d) When in the judgment of the Special Counsel, such personnel practices exist, he shall report his findings and recommendations to the Chairman of the Merit Systems Protection Board, the agency affected, and to the Office of Personnel Management, and may report such findings to the President.

(e) When in the judgment of the Special Counsel, the results of an investigation would warrant the taking of disciplinary action against an employee who is within the jurisdiction of the Board, the Special Counsel shall prepare charges against such employee and present them with supporting documentation to the Board. Evidence supporting the need for disciplinary action against a Presidential appointee shall be submitted by the Special Counsel to the President.

(f) The Special Counsel may appoint personnel necessary to assist in the performance of his functions.

(g) The Special Counsel shall have the authority to prescribe rules and regulations relating to the receipt and investigation of matters under his jurisdiction. Such regulations shall be published in the

(h) The Special Counsel shall not issue advisory opinions.

(a) There is hereby established, as an independent establishment in the Executive Branch, the Federal Labor Relations Authority (the "Authority"). The Authority shall be composed of three members, one of whom shall be Chairman, not more than two of whom may be adherents of the same political party, and none of whom may hold another office or position in the Government of the United States except where provided by law or by the President.

(b) Members of the Authority shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The President shall designate one member to serve as Chairman of the Authority, who shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter provided for level III of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5314]. The other members shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter provided for level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315].

(c) The initial members of the Authority shall be appointed as follows: one member for a term of two years; one member for a term of three years; and the Chairman for a term of four years. Thereafter, each member shall be appointed for a term of four years. An individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member replaced.

(d) The Authority shall make an annual report on its activities to the President for transmittal to Congress.

There shall be a General Counsel of the Authority, who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate for a term of four years, and who shall be compensated at the rate now or hereafter provided for level V of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5316]. The General Counsel shall perform such duties as the Authority shall from time to time prescribe, including but not limited to the duty of determining and presenting facts required by the Authority in order to decide unfair labor practice complaints.

The Federal Service Impasses Panel, established under Executive Order 11491, as amended [set out under 5 U.S.C. 7101], (the "Panel") shall continue, and shall be a distinct organizational entity within the Authority.

Subject to the provisions of Section 306, the following functions are hereby transferred:

(a) To the Authority—

(1) The functions of the Federal Labor Relations Council pursuant to Executive Order 11491, as amended [set out under 5 U.S.C. 7101];

(2) The functions of the Civil Service Commission under Sections 4(a) and 6(e) of Executive Order 11491, as amended;

(3) The functions of the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations, under Executive Order 11491, as amended, except for those functions related to alleged violations of the standards of conduct for labor organizations pursuant to Section 6(a)(4) of said Executive Order; and,

(b) to the Panel—the functions and authorities of the Federal Service Impasses Panel, pursuant to Executive Order 11491, as amended.

The decisions of the Authority on any matter within its jurisdiction shall be final and not subject to judicial review.

Unless and until modified, revised, or revoked, all policies, regulations, and procedures established, and decisions issued, under Executive Order 11491, as amended [set out under 5 U.S.C. 7101], shall remain in full force and effect. There is hereby expressly reserved to the President the power to modify the functions transferred to the Federal Labor Relations Authority and the Federal Service Impasses Panel pursuant to Section 304 of this Plan.

All matters which relate to the functions transferred by Section 304 of this Plan, and which are pending on the effective date of the establishment of the Authority before the Federal Labor Relations Council, the Vice Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, or the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations shall continue before the Authority under such rules and procedures as the Authority shall prescribe. All such matters pending on the effective date of the establishment of the Authority before the Panel, shall continue before the Panel under such rules and procedures as the Panel shall prescribe.

So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with the functions transferred under this Plan, as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the appropriate agency, or component at such time or times as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide, except that no such unexpended balances transferred shall be used for purposes other than those for which the appropriation was originally made. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall provide for terminating the affairs of any agencies abolished herein and for such further measures and dispositions as such Director deems necessary to effectuate the purposes of this Reorganization Plan.

(a) The President may authorize any persons who, immediately prior to the effective date of this Plan, held positions in the Executive Branch of the Government, to act as Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Special Counsel, the Chairman and other members of the Federal Labor Relations Authority, the Chairman and other members of the Federal Service Impasses Panel, or the General Counsel of the Authority, until those offices are for the first time filled pursuant to the provisions of this Reorganization Plan or by recess appointment, as the case may be.

(b) The President may authorize any such person to receive the compensation attached to the Office in respect of which that person so serves, in lieu of other compensation from the United States.

The provisions of this Reorganization Plan shall become effective at such time or times, on or before January 1, 1979, as the President shall specify, but not sooner than the earliest time allowable under Section 906 of Title 5, United States Code.

[Pursuant to Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, this Reorg. Plan is generally effective Jan. 1, 1979.]

To the Congress of the United States:

On March 2nd I sent to Congress a Civil Service Reform proposal to enable the Federal government to improve its service to the American people.

Today I am submitting another part of my comprehensive proposal to reform the Federal personnel management system through Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978. The plan will reorganize the Civil Service Commission and thereby create new institutions to increase the effectiveness of management and strengthen the protection of employee rights.

The Civil Service Commission has acquired inherently conflicting responsibilities: to help manage the Federal Government and to protect the rights of Federal employees. It has done neither job well. The Plan would separate the two functions.

The positive personnel management tasks of the government—such as training, productivity programs, examinations, and pay and benefits administration—would be the responsibility of an Office of Personnel Management. Its Director, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, would be responsible for administering Federal personnel matters except for Presidential appointments. The Director would be the government's principal representative in Federal labor relations matters.

The adjudication and prosecution responsibilities of the Civil Service Commission will be performed by the Merit Systems Protection Board. The Board will be headed by a bipartisan panel of three members appointed to six-year, staggered terms. This Board would be the first independent and institutionally impartial Federal agency solely for the protection of Federal employees.

The Plan will create, within the Board, a Special Counsel to investigate and prosecute political abuses and merit system violations. Under the civil service reform legislation now being considered by the Congress, the Counsel would have power to investigate and prevent reprisals against employees who report illegal acts—the so-called "whistleblowers." The Council would be appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

An Executive Order now vests existing labor-management relations in a part-time Federal Labor-Relations Council, comprised of three top government managers; other important functions are assigned to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations. This arrangement is defective because the Council members are part-time, they come exclusively from the ranks of management and their jurisdiction is fragmented.

The Plan I submit today would consolidate the central policymaking functions in labor-management relations now divided between the Council and the Assistant Secretary into one Federal Labor Relations Authority. The Authority would be composed of three full-time members appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Its General Counsel, also appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate, would present unfair labor practice complaints. The Plan also provides for the continuance of the Federal Service Impasses Panel within the Authority to resolve negotiating impasses between Federal employee unions and agencies.

The cost of replacing the Civil Service Commission can be paid by our present resources. The reorganization itself would neither increase nor decrease the costs of personnel management throughout the government. But taken together with the substantive reforms I have proposed, this Plan will greatly improve the government's ability to manage programs, speed the delivery of Federal services to the public, and aid in executing other reorganizations I will propose to the Congress, by improving Federal personnel management.

Each of the provisions of this proposed reorganization would accomplish one or more of the purposes set forth in 5 U.S.C. 901(a). No functions are abolished by the Plan, but the offices referred to in 5 U.S.C. 5109(b) and 5 U.S.C. 1103(d) are abolished. The portions of the Plan providing for the appointment and pay for the head and one or more officers of the Office of Personnel Management, the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Federal Labor Relations Authority and the Federal Service Impasses Panel, are necessary to carry out the reorganization. The rates of compensation are comparable to those for similar positions within the Executive Branch.

I am confident that this Plan and the companion civil service reform legislation will both lead to more effective protection of Federal employees' legitimate rights and a more rewarding workplace. At the same time the American people will benefit from a better managed, more productive and more efficient Federal Government.

Jimmy Carter.

Ex. Ord. No. 10729, Sept. 16, 1957, 22 F.R. 7449, which established the position of the Special Assistant to the President for Personnel Management, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11205, Mar. 15, 1965, 30 F.R. 3513.

Ex. Ord. No. 11205, Mar. 15, 1965, 30 F.R. 3513, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, the position of Special Assistant to the President for Personnel Management, established by Executive Order No. 10729 of September 16, 1957, is abolished, and that Order is hereby revoked.

Lyndon B. Johnson.

Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12126, Mar. 29, 1979, 44 F.R. 18923; Ex. Ord. No. 12128, Apr. 4, 1979, 44 F.R. 20625, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, and by Section 403 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (43 FR 36037) [set out above], it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. *Establishment of Office of Personnel Management*. The establishment of the Office of Personnel Management and of the positions of Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Directors of that Office, as provided in Sections 101 and 103 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978, shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–102. *Transfer of Functions*. Section 102 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978, transferring functions to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–201. *Redesignation of Civil Service Commission*. The redesignation of the Civil Service Commission as the Merit Systems Protection Board and of the Commissioners as Members of the Board as provided in Section 201 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–202. *Functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board*. The functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board as provided in Section 202 and the savings provisions of Section 203 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–301. *Establishment of the Office of Special Counsel*. The establishment of the Office of Special Counsel to the Merit Systems Protection Board as provided in Section 204(a) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–302. *Functions of the Special Counsel*. The transfer of functions provided for in Section 204(b) and the performance of functions set forth in Section 204(c)–(g) of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–401. *The Establishment of the Federal Labor Relations Authority and the Office of General Counsel*. The establishment of the Federal Labor Relations Authority as provided in Section 301 and of the Office of General Counsel of the Authority as provided in Section 302 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–402. *The Federal Service Impasses Panel*. The continuation of the Federal Service Impasses Panel established under Executive Order No. 11491, as amended [set out as a note under section 7101 of this title], as a distinct organizational entity within the Federal Labor Relations Authority as provided in Section 303 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978, shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–403. *Functions of the Federal Labor Relations Authority, the General Counsel, and the Federal Service Impasses Panel*. The transfer of functions provided for in Section 304 of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

1–501. *General Effective Date*. All other provisions of Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

2–101. *Office of Personnel Management*. Each of the Executive orders, as amended, listed in this Section under subsections (a) and (b), as applicable, and any other order which relates to functions or areas of responsibility delegated to the Office of Personnel Management, is amended and revised by substituting the words "Office of Personnel Management" for the words "Civil Service Commission" or "United States Civil Service Commission"; by substituting the word "Office" for the word "Commission" wherever the word "Commission" is used as a reference to United States Civil Service Commission; and by substituting the words "Director, Office of Personnel Management" for the words "Chairman, Civil Service Commission", "Chairman, United States Civil Service Commission", "Commissioners" or "Commissioner" wherever they appear.

(a) Executive orders relating to the Civil Service Rules, ethics and other matters of Presidential interest.

8743

10577, as amended, except for Rules IV and V, as amended in this order,

10641

10717

10927

11183

11222

11315

11451

11570

11639

11648

11721

11935

12004

12014

12043

(b) Other Executive orders relating to Federal Personnel Management, and membership on Councils, Boards, and Committees.

8744

9230

9712

9830

9932

9961

10000

10242

10422

10450

10459

10530

10549

10550

10552

10556

10647

10763

10774, except for Section 3(e)

10804

10826

10880

10903

10973

10982

11103

11171

11203

11219

11228

11264

11348

11355

11422

11434

11438

11490

11521

11552

11561

11579

11589

11603

11609

11639

11744

11817

11890

11895

11899

11938

11955

12008

12015

12027

12049

12067

12070

12089

12105

2–102. *Merit Systems Protection Board*. The provisions of Section 3(e) of Executive Order No. 10774 [set out as a note under section 2025 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse], and Executive Order No. 11787 [formerly set out as a note under section 7701 of this title], are hereby amended and revised by substituting the words "Merit Systems Protection Board" for the words "Civil Service Commission" or "Commission" when used as a reference to the Civil Service Commission wherever such words appear.

2–103. [Amended Civil Service Rules under section 101 of Ex. Ord. No. 10577, formerly set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.]

2–104. *Effectiveness of Rule Changes*. The amendments to rules shall be effective on January 1, 1979, to the extent provided by law on that date.

2–201. *Revocation of Executive Orders and Delegation of Functions to the Director*. Executive Orders numbered 10540 and 10561 [set out as notes under sections 6301 and 1302, respectively, of this title] are revoked and the authority vested in the President by Section 202(c)(1)(C) of the Annual Sick Leave Act of 1951, as amended [section 6301(2)(XI) of this title], and the authority of the President, pursuant to the Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883, to designate official personnel folders in government agencies as records of the Office of Personnel Management and to prescribe regulations relating to the establishment, maintenance and transfers of official personnel folders, are delegated to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. Any rules, regulations, directives, instructions or other actions taken pursuant to the authority delegated to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall remain in effect until amended, modified, or revoked pursuant to the delegations made by this Order.

2–202. *Savings Provision*. All personnel actions and decisions affecting employees or applicants for employment made on or before January 11, 1979 shall continue to be governed by the applicable Executive order, and the rules and regulations implementing that Order, to the same extent as if that Executive order had not been revoked effective January 11, 1979 unless amended, modified or revoked pursuant to this Order.

2–301. [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 11491, set out as a note under section 7101 of this title.]

2–401. *Study and Report Provisions. *The Director of the Office of Personnel Management is directed to conduct a study of Executive orders listed in Section 2–101(a) and (b) and to coordinate the study with such other agencies as may be named in or affected by these orders. The Director of Personnel Management and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget are directed to submit a report on or before July 1, 1981 to the President concerning the performance of functions specified in these Executive orders and any other Executive orders affecting the functions or responsibilities of the Office of Personnel Management. The report shall contain specific detailed recommendations for the continuation, modification, revision or revocation of each Executive order.

2–402. *Continuing Effect of this Order. *Except as required by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–454] as its provisions become effective, in accord with Section 7135 of Title 5, United States Code, as amended, and in accord with Section 902(a) of that Act [set out as a Savings Provisions note above], the provisions of this Order shall continue in effect, according to its terms, until modified, terminated or suspended.

2–403. *Transfers and Determinations.*

(a) The records, property, personnel and positions, and unexpended balances of appropriations or funds related to Civil Service Commission functions reassigned by this Order that are available, or to be made available, and necessary to finance or discharge the reassigned functions are transferred to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Federal Labor Relations Authority, or the Federal Service Impasses Panel, as appropriate.

(b) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall make such determinations, issue such Orders and take all actions necessary or appropriate to effectuate the transfers or reassignments provided by this Order, including the transfer of funds, records, property and personnel.

2–404. *Effective Date*. Except as otherwise specifically provided in this Order, this Order shall be effective on January 1, 1979.

Jimmy Carter.

Ex. Ord. No. 12157, Sept. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 54035, which related to the President's Management Improvement Council, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12258, Dec. 31, 1980, 46 F.R. 1251, formerly set out as a note under section 14 of the Appendix to this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12353, Mar. 23, 1982, 47 F.R. 12785, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12404, §1, Feb. 10, 1983, 48 F.R. 6685; Ex. Ord. No. 13743, §1, Oct. 13, 2016, 81 F.R. 71571, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution of the United States of America, and in order to support and facilitate fund-raising on behalf of voluntary health and welfare organizations through on-the-job solicitations of Federal employees and members of the uniformed services, and to ensure that the recipient organizations are responsible in the uses of the monies so raised, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall make arrangements for voluntary health and welfare organizations to solicit contributions from Federal employees and members of the uniformed services at their places of employment or duty. Federal employees and members of the uniformed services can also be solicited to make pledges of volunteer time. These arrangements shall take the form of an annual Combined Federal Campaign in which eligible voluntary health and welfare organizations are authorized to take part.

(b) The Director shall consider permitting annuitants to make contributions to the Combined Federal Campaign through allotments or assignments of amounts from their Federal annuities. The Director may prescribe rules and regulations to govern the solicitation of such contributions and make arrangements to inform annuitants of their ability to make contributions in this manner.

(b) In establishing those criteria, the Director shall be guided by the following principles and policies:

(1) The objectives of the Combined Federal Campaign are to lessen the burdens of government in meeting needs of human health and welfare; to provide a convenient channel through which Federal public servants may contribute to these efforts; to minimize or eliminate disruption of the Federal workplace and costs to Federal taxpayers that such fund-raising may entail; and to avoid the reality and appearance of the use of Federal resources in aid of fund-raising for political activity or advocacy of public policy, lobbying, or philanthropy of any kind that does not directly serve needs of human health and welfare.

(2) To meet these objectives, eligibility for participation in the Combined Federal Campaign shall be limited to voluntary, charitable, health and welfare organizations that provide or support direct health and welfare services to individuals or their families. Such direct health and welfare services must be available to Federal employees in the local campaign solicitation area, unless they are rendered to needy persons overseas. Such services must directly benefit human beings, whether children, youth, adults, the aged, the ill and infirm, or the mentally or physically handicapped. Such services must consist of care, research or education in the fields of human health or social adjustment and rehabilitation; relief of victims of natural disasters and other emergencies; or assistance to those who are impoverished and therefore in need of food, shelter, clothing, education, and basic human welfare services.

(3) Organizations that seek to influence the outcomes of elections or the determination of public policy through political activity or advocacy, lobbying, or litigation on behalf of parties other than themselves shall not be deemed charitable health and welfare organizations and shall not be eligible to participate in the Combined Federal Campaign.

(4) International organizations that provide health and welfare services overseas, and that meet the eligibility criteria except for the local services criterion, shall be eligible to participate in each local solicitation area of the Combined Federal Campaign.

(5) Local voluntary, charitable, health and welfare organizations that are not affiliated with a national organization or federation but that satisfy the eligibility criteria set forth in this order and by the Director shall be permitted to participate in the Combined Federal Campaign.

(a) outreach coordinators to conduct campaign promotion in a local Combined Federal Campaign; and

(b) central campaign administrators to administer application and pledging systems and to collect and disburse pledged funds.

Such authorizations shall, if made, ensure at a minimum that outreach coordinators and central campaign administrators operate subject to the direction and control of the Director and such local Federal coordinating entities as may be established; and manage the Combined Federal Campaign fairly and equitably. The Director may consult with and consider advice from interested parties and organizations, and shall publish reports on the management and results of the Combined Federal Campaign.

[Section 2(d) of Ex. Ord. No. 13743 provided that all rules, regulations, and directives continued or issued under Ex. Ord. No. 12353, set out above, would continue in effect until revoked or modified under the provisions of Ex. Ord. No. 13743.]

[Section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 12404 provided that all rules, regulations, and directives continued or issued under Ex. Ord. No. 12353, set out above, would continue in full force and effect until revoked or modified under the provisions of Ex. Ord. No. 12404.]

(a) There is at the head of the Office of Personnel Management a Director of the Office of Personnel Management appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The term of office of any individual appointed as Director shall be 4 years.

(b) There is in the Office a Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Deputy Director shall perform such functions as the Director may from time to time prescribe and shall act as Director during the absence or disability of the Director or when the office of Director is vacant.

(c) No individual shall, while serving as Director or Deputy Director, serve in any other office or position in the Government of the United States except as otherwise provided by law or at the direction of the President. The Director and Deputy Director shall not recommend any individual for appointment to any position (other than Deputy Director of the Office) which requires the advice and consent of the Senate.

(d) There may be within the Office of Personnel Management not more than 5 Associate Directors, as determined from time to time by the Director. Each Associate Director shall be appointed by the Director.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1119.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 632 (2d–4th pars.). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §1 (2d, 3d pars.), 22 Stat. 403. July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §201(a), 70 Stat. 742. |


In subsection (a), the second sentence is substituted for original language concerning designation of Commissioners to serve six, four, and two years, respectively, as that provision is executed.

The section is reorganized to place the statutes relating to vacancies together, and redundancies are eliminated. Provisions relating to pay and travel expenses of Commissioners are omitted as superseded by the Act of Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(c)(18), (d)(66), 78 Stat. 417, 419, and Act of June 9, 1949, ch. 185, 63 Stat. 166, respectively, which are carried into this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Director; Deputy Director; Associate Directors" for "Term of office; filling vacancies; removal" in section catchline, and in text provisions relating to the Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Directors of the Office of Personnel Management for provisions relating to the term of office, vacancies, and removal of members of the United States Civil Service Commission.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The following functions are vested in the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and shall be performed by the Director, or subject to section 1104 of this title, by such employees of the Office as the Director designates:

(1) securing accuracy, uniformity, and justice in the functions of the Office;

(2) appointing individuals to be employed by the Office;

(3) directing and supervising employees of the Office, distributing business among employees and organizational units of the Office, and directing the internal management of the Office;

(4) directing the preparation of requests for appropriations for the Office and the use and expenditure of funds by the Office;

(5) executing, administering, and enforcing—

(A) the civil service rules and regulations of the President and the Office and the laws governing the civil service; and

(B) the other activities of the Office including retirement and classification activities;

except with respect to functions for which the Merit Systems Protection Board or the Special Counsel is primarily responsible;

(6) reviewing the operations under chapter 87 of this title;

(7) aiding the President, as the President may request, in preparing such civil service rules as the President prescribes, and otherwise advising the President on actions which may be taken to promote an efficient civil service and a systematic application of the merit system principles, including recommending policies relating to the selection, promotion, transfer, performance, pay, conditions of service, tenure, and separation of employees;

(8) conducting, or otherwise providing for the conduct of, studies and research under chapter 47 of this title into methods of assuring improvements in personnel management; and

(9) incurring official reception and representation expenses of the Office subject to any limitation prescribed in any law.

(b)(1) The Director shall publish in the Federal Register general notice of any rule or regulation which is proposed by the Office and the application of which does not apply solely to the Office or its employees. Any such notice shall include the matter required under section 553(b)(1), (2), and (3) of this title.

(2) The Director shall take steps to ensure that—

(A) any proposed rule or regulation to which paragraph (1) of this subsection applies is posted in offices of Federal agencies maintaining copies of the Federal personnel regulations; and

(B) to the extent the Director determines appropriate and practical, exclusive representatives of employees affected by such proposed rule or regulation and interested members of the public are notified of such proposed rule or regulation.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection shall not apply to any proposed rule or regulation which is temporary in nature and which is necessary to be implemented expeditiously as a result of an emergency.

(4) Paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection and section 1105 of this title shall not apply to the establishment of any schedules or rates of basic pay or allowances under subpart D of part III of this title. The preceding sentence does not apply to the establishment of the procedures, methodology, or criteria used to establish such schedules, rates, or allowances.

(c)(1) The Office of Personnel Management shall design a set of systems, including appropriate metrics, for assessing the management of human capital by Federal agencies.

(2) The systems referred to under paragraph (1) shall be defined in regulations of the Office of Personnel Management and include standards for—

(A)(i) aligning human capital strategies of agencies with the missions, goals, and organizational objectives of those agencies; and

(ii) integrating those strategies into the budget and strategic plans of those agencies;

(B) closing skill gaps in mission critical occupations;

(C) ensuring continuity of effective leadership through implementation of recruitment, development, and succession plans;

(D) sustaining a culture that cultivates and develops a high performing workforce;

(E) developing and implementing a knowledge management strategy supported by appropriate investment in training and technology; and

(F) holding managers and human resources officers accountable for efficient and effective human resources management in support of agency missions in accordance with merit system principles.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §§301, 302, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1304, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2289.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

[Uncodified]. | 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §§1, 2(a) (35th through 46th words), 3, eff. Aug. 20, 1949, 63 Stat. 1067, 1069. | |

5 U.S.C. 632 (5th par.). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §201(b), 70 Stat. 742. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2002**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–296 added subsec. (c).

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 99–251, §301, added par. (9).

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 99–251, §302, added par. (4).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Functions of the Director" for "Chairman; Vice Chairman; Executive Director" in section catchline, and in text provisions relating to the functions of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management for provisions relating to the Chairman, Vice Chairman, and Executive Director of the United States Civil Service Commission.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1305, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2289, provided that: "This subtitle [subtitle A (§§1301–1305) of title XIII of Pub. L. 107–296, enacting chapter 14 of this title, amending this section, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 1401 of this title] shall take effect 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2002]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Subject to subsection (b)(3) of this section—

(1) the President may delegate, in whole or in part, authority for personnel management functions, including authority for competitive examinations, to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and

(2) the Director may delegate, in whole or in part, any function vested in or delegated to the Director, including authority for competitive examinations (except competitive examinations for administrative law judges appointed under section 3105 of this title, the cost of which examinations shall be reimbursed by payments from the agencies employing such judges to the revolving fund established under section 1304(e)), to the heads of agencies in the executive branch and other agencies employing persons in the competitive service.

(b)(1) The Office shall establish standards which shall apply to the activities of the Office or any other agency under authority delegated under subsection (a) of this section.

(2) The Office shall establish and maintain an oversight program to ensure that activities under any authority delegated under subsection (a) of this section are in accordance with the merit system principles and the standards established under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) Nothing in subsection (a) of this section shall be construed as affecting the responsibility of the Director to prescribe regulations and to ensure compliance with the civil service laws, rules, and regulations.

(4) At the request of the head of an agency to whom a function has been delegated under subsection (a)(2), the Office may provide assistance to the agency in performing such function. Such assistance shall, to the extent determined appropriate by the Director of the Office, be performed on a reimbursable basis through the revolving fund established under section 1304(e).

(c) If the Office makes a written finding, on the basis of information obtained under the program established under subsection (b)(2) of this section or otherwise, that any action taken by an agency pursuant to authority delegated under subsection (a)(2) of this section is contrary to any law, rule, or regulation, or is contrary to any standard established under subsection (b)(1) of this section, the agency involved shall take any corrective action the Office may require.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(2), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 195; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §1, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 489.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

[Uncodified]. | 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §2(a) (less 35th through 46th words), (b), eff. Aug. 20, 1949, 63 Stat. 1067. | |

5 U.S.C. 3013(a) (1st sentence, less 10th through 24th words). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §14(a) (1st sentence, less 10th through 24th words), 73 Stat. 716. |


In the first sentence, the word "officers" is omitted as included in "employees".

Subsection (a)(1) is added on authority of the words "to secure accuracy, uniformity, and justice in all their proceedings" in the first sentence of former section 635, which is carried into section 1105. The function in this paragraph was transferred from the chief examiner to the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission by 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §2(a)(2).

In subsection (a)(4), the words "requests for appropriations" are substituted for "budget estimates" on authority of the Act of Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §102(f), 64 Stat. 833; 31 U.S.C. 22.

In subsection (b)(2), the word "prescription" is substituted for "promulgation" and the words "now vested in the Commission" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b)(4), the words "as is now authorized to be taken by the Commission" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b)(5), the words "civil service" are substituted for "Federal service".

In subsection (b)(7), the words "submission of requests for appropriations" are substituted for "revision and submission . . . of budget estimates" on authority of the Act of Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §102(f), 64 Stat. 833; 31 U.S.C. 22.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

1104(a)(6) | 5:8713(a). | [None.] |

[Uncodified]. | 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 4, §§11(a), (e) (as applicable to (a)), 12 (as applicable to §11(a)), 13 (as applicable to §11(a)), eff. July 27, 1965, 79 Stat. 1322. |


The paragraph added by this section is based on 5 U.S.C. 8713(a), and is restated to reflect the effect of sections 11–13 of 1965 Reorganization Plan No. 4, effective July 27, 1965.

**1995**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–52, §1(1)(B), struck out closing provisions which read as follows: "except that the Director may not delegate authority for competitive examinations with respect to positions that have requirements which are common to agencies in the Federal Government, other than in exceptional cases in which the interests of economy and efficiency require such delegation and in which such delegation will not weaken the application of the merit system principles."

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–52, §1(1)(A), inserted ", the cost of which examinations shall be reimbursed by payments from the agencies employing such judges to the revolving fund established under section 1304(e)" after "title" and substituted period for semicolon at end.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104–52, §1(2), added par. (4).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Delegation of authority for personnel management" for "Functions of Chairman" in section catchline, and in text provisions relating to the delegation of authority for personnel management for provisions relating to functions of the Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Subject to section 1103(b) of this title, in the exercise of the functions assigned under this chapter, the Director shall be subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d) of section 553 of this title, notwithstanding subsection (a) of such section 553.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 400; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 635 (less last 24 words of 6th sentence, and less 7th sentence). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §3 (less last 24 words of 6th sentence, and less 7th sentence), 22 Stat. 404. | |

[Uncodified]. | 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §4, eff. Aug. 19, 1949, 63 Stat. 1069. |


In subsection (a), the words "the District of Columbia" are substituted for "Washington". The words "at least three individuals in the service of the United States" are substituted for a "a suitable number of persons, not less than three, in the official service of the United States". So much of the first three sentences of former section 635 as related to the offices of the Chief Examiner and the Secretary are omitted because the offices were abolished by 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §4. So much of the first sentence as imposed a duty on the Chief Examiner, under the Commission's direction, to act with the examining boards to secure accuracy, uniformity, and justice in all their proceedings is restated in section 1104(a)(1). The fourth sentence of former section 635, authorizing the Commission to employ a stenographer and a messenger, is omitted as obsolete. The remainder is rewritten for clarity. The text of 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §4, is omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the words "Chairman, United States Civil Service Commission" are substituted for "chief examiner" on authority of 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §2(a)(2). The words "at all times" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Administrative procedure" for "Boards of examiners" in section catchline, and in text provisions relating to administrative procedure applicable to administration of this chapter for provisions relating to boards of examiners for the United States Civil Service Commission.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.





**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12, §3(b)(2), (3), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 31, substituted ", OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL, AND EMPLOYEE RIGHT OF ACTION" for "AND SPECIAL COUNSEL" in chapter heading, and amended chapter analysis generally, inserting subchapter I heading, and in item 1204 substituting "Powers and functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board" for "Special Counsel; appointment and removal", in item 1205 substituting "Transmittal of information to Congress" for "Powers and functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board and Special Counsel", in item 1206 substituting "Annual report" for "Authority and responsibilities of the Special Counsel", omitting items 1207 "Hearings and decisions on complaints filed by the Special Counsel", 1208 "Stays of certain personnel actions", and 1209 "Information", and inserting subchapters II and III headings and items 1211 to 1219, 1221, and 1222.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12, §3(b)(4), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 31, inserted subchapter heading.

The Merit Systems Protection Board is composed of 3 members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, not more than 2 of whom may be adherents of the same political party. The members of the Board shall be individuals who, by demonstrated ability, background, training, or experience are especially qualified to carry out the functions of the Board. No member of the Board may hold another office or position in the Government of the United States, except as otherwise provided by law or at the direction of the President. The Board shall have an official seal which shall be judicially noticed. The Board shall have its principal office in the District of Columbia and may have field offices in other appropriate locations.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(1), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 16.)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "The members" for "The Chairman and members" in second sentence.

Pub. L. 101–12, §11, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35, provided that: "This Act and the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1989 Amendment note below] shall take effect 90 days following the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 10, 1989]."

Subchapter effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–12, §1, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 16, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapters II and III of this chapter and section 3352 of this title, amending this section and sections 1202 to 1206, 1209, 1211, 2302, 2303, 3393, 7502, 7512, 7521, 7542, 7701, and 7703 of this title and section 4139 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, repealing sections 1207 and 1208 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 1211 and 5509 of this title] may be cited as the 'Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989'."

Pub. L. 101–12, §7, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 34, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 101–12, §2, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 16, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) Federal employees who make disclosures described in section 2302(b)(8) of title 5, United States Code, serve the public interest by assisting in the elimination of fraud, waste, abuse, and unnecessary Government expenditures;

"(2) protecting employees who disclose Government illegality, waste, and corruption is a major step toward a more effective civil service; and

"(3) in passing the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–454, see Tables for classification], Congress established the Office of Special Counsel to protect whistleblowers (those individuals who make disclosures described in such section 2302(b)(8)) from reprisal.

"(b)

"(1) mandating that employees should not suffer adverse consequences as a result of prohibited personnel practices; and

"(2) establishing—

"(A) that the primary role of the Office of Special Counsel is to protect employees, especially whistleblowers, from prohibited personnel practices;

"(B) that the Office of Special Counsel shall act in the interests of employees who seek assistance from the Office of Special Counsel; and

"(C) that while disciplining those who commit prohibited personnel practices may be used as a means by which to help accomplish that goal, the protection of individuals who are the subject of prohibited personnel practices remains the paramount consideration."

Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, provided that: "Any term of office of any member of the Merit Systems Protection Board serving on the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of this title] shall continue in effect until the term would expire under section 1102 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect immediately before the effective date of this Act, and upon expiration of the term, appointments to such office shall be made under sections 1201 and 1202 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this section)."

(a) The term of office of each member of the Merit Systems Protection Board is 7 years.

(b) A member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of the member's predecessor serves for the remainder of that term. Any appointment to fill a vacancy is subject to the requirements of section 1201. Any new member serving only a portion of a seven-year term in office may continue to serve until a successor is appointed and has qualified, except that such member may not continue to serve for more than one year after the date on which the term of the member would otherwise expire, unless reappointed.

(c) Any member appointed for a 7-year term may not be reappointed to any following term but may continue to serve beyond the expiration of the term until a successor is appointed and has qualified, except that such member may not continue to serve for more than one year after the date on which the term of the member would otherwise expire under this section.

(d) Any member may be removed by the President only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1122; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §620], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–427; Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(2), (3), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 17.)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(2), substituted a semicolon for the comma after "office" in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(3), substituted "the member's" for "his" in first sentence and struck out "of this title" after "section 1201" in second sentence.

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–202 inserted provision permitting any new member serving portion of seven-year term to continue serving until successor is appointed and has qualified, with exception limiting duration of such service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

(a) The President shall from time to time appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one of the members of the Merit Systems Protection Board as the Chairman of the Board. The Chairman is the chief executive and administrative officer of the Board.

(b) The President shall from time to time designate one of the members of the Board as Vice Chairman of the Board. During the absence or disability of the Chairman, or when the office of Chairman is vacant, the Vice Chairman shall perform the functions vested in the Chairman.

(c) During the absence or disability of both the Chairman and the Vice Chairman, or when the offices of Chairman and Vice Chairman are vacant, the remaining Board member shall perform the functions vested in the Chairman.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1122; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(4), (5), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 17.)

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(4), struck out the comma after "time" in first sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(5), substituted "the Chairman and the Vice Chairman" for "the Chairman and Vice Chairman" after "both".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

(a) The Merit Systems Protection Board shall—

(1) hear, adjudicate, or provide for the hearing or adjudication, of all matters within the jurisdiction of the Board under this title, chapter 43 of title 38, or any other law, rule, or regulation, and, subject to otherwise applicable provisions of law, take final action on any such matter;

(2) order any Federal agency or employee to comply with any order or decision issued by the Board under the authority granted under paragraph (1) of this subsection and enforce compliance with any such order;

(3) conduct, from time to time, special studies relating to the civil service and to other merit systems in the executive branch, and report to the President and to the Congress as to whether the public interest in a civil service free of prohibited personnel practices is being adequately protected; and

(4) review, as provided in subsection (f), rules and regulations of the Office of Personnel Management.

(b)(1) Any member of the Merit Systems Protection Board, any administrative law judge appointed by the Board under section 3105 of this title, and any employee of the Board designated by the Board may administer oaths, examine witnesses, take depositions, and receive evidence.

(2) Any member of the Board, any administrative law judge appointed by the Board under section 3105, and any employee of the Board designated by the Board may, with respect to any individual—

(A) issue subpoenas requiring the attendance and presentation of testimony of any such individual, and the production of documentary or other evidence from any place in the United States, any territory or possession of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia; and

(B) order the taking of depositions from, and responses to written interrogatories by, any such individual.

(3) Witnesses (whether appearing voluntarily or under subpoena) shall be paid the same fee and mileage allowances which are paid subpoenaed witnesses in the courts of the United States.

(c) In the case of contumacy or failure to obey a subpoena issued under subsection (b)(2)(A) or section 1214(b), upon application by the Board, the United States district court for the district in which the person to whom the subpoena is addressed resides or is served may issue an order requiring such person to appear at any designated place to testify or to produce documentary or other evidence. Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof.

(d) A subpoena referred to in subsection (b)(2)(A) may, in the case of any individual outside the territorial jurisdiction of any court of the United States, be served in such manner as the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure prescribe for service of a subpoena in a foreign country. To the extent that the courts of the United States can assert jurisdiction over such individual, the United States District Court for the District of Columbia shall have the same jurisdiction to take any action respecting compliance under this subsection by such individual that such court would have if such individual were personally within the jurisdiction of such court.

(e)(1)(A) In any proceeding under subsection (a)(1), any member of the Board may request from the Director of the Office of Personnel Management an advisory opinion concerning the interpretation of any rule, regulation, or other policy directive promulgated by the Office of Personnel Management.

(B)(i) The Merit Systems Protection Board may, during an investigation by the Office of Special Counsel or during the pendency of any proceeding before the Board, issue any order which may be necessary to protect a witness or other individual from harassment, except that an agency (other than the Office of Special Counsel) may not request any such order with regard to an investigation by the Office of Special Counsel from the Board during such investigation.

(ii) An order issued under this subparagraph may be enforced in the same manner as provided for under paragraph (2) with respect to any order under subsection (a)(2).

(2)(A) In enforcing compliance with any order under subsection (a)(2), the Board may order that any employee charged with complying with such order, other than an employee appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall not be entitled to receive payment for service as an employee during any period that the order has not been complied with. The Board shall certify to the Comptroller General of the United States that such an order has been issued and no payment shall be made out of the Treasury of the United States for any service specified in such order.

(B) The Board shall prescribe regulations under which any employee who is aggrieved by the failure of any other employee to comply with an order of the Board may petition the Board to exercise its authority under subparagraph (A).

(3) In carrying out any study under subsection (a)(3), the Board shall make such inquiries as may be necessary and, unless otherwise prohibited by law, shall have access to personnel records or information collected by the Office of Personnel Management and may require additional reports from other agencies as needed.

(f)(1) At any time after the effective date of any rule or regulation issued by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in carrying out functions under section 1103, the Board shall review any provision of such rule or regulation—

(A) on its own motion;

(B) on the granting by the Board, in its sole discretion, of any petition for such review filed with the Board by any interested person, after consideration of the petition by the Board; or

(C) on the filing of a written complaint by the Special Counsel requesting such review.

(2) In reviewing any provision of any rule or regulation pursuant to this subsection, the Board shall declare such provision—

(A) invalid on its face, if the Board determines that such provision would, if implemented by any agency, on its face, require any employee to violate section 2302(b); or

(B) invalidly implemented by any agency, if the Board determines that such provision, as it has been implemented by the agency through any personnel action taken by the agency or through any policy adopted by the agency in conformity with such provision, has required any employee to violate section 2302(b).

(3) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and the head of any agency implementing any provision of any rule or regulation under review pursuant to this subsection, shall have the right to participate in such review.

(4) The Board shall require any agency—

(A) to cease compliance with any provisions of any rule or regulation which the Board declares under this subsection to be invalid on its face; and

(B) to correct any invalid implementation by the agency of any provision of any rule or regulation which the Board declares under this subsection to have been invalidly implemented by the agency.

(g) The Board may delegate the performance of any of its administrative functions under this title to any employee of the Board.

(h) The Board shall have the authority to prescribe such regulations as may be necessary for the performance of its functions. The Board shall not issue advisory opinions. All regulations of the Board shall be published in the Federal Register.

(i) Except as provided in section 518 of title 28, relating to litigation before the Supreme Court, attorneys designated by the Chairman of the Board may appear for the Board, and represent the Board, in any civil action brought in connection with any function carried out by the Board pursuant to this title or as otherwise authorized by law.

(j) The Chairman of the Board may appoint such personnel as may be necessary to perform the functions of the Board. Any appointment made under this subsection shall comply with the provisions of this title, except that such appointment shall not be subject to the approval or supervision of the Office of Personnel Management or the Executive Office of the President (other than approval required under section 3324 or subchapter VIII of chapter 33).

(k) The Board shall prepare and submit to the President, and, at the same time, to the appropriate committees of Congress, an annual budget of the expenses and other items relating to the Board which shall, as revised, be included as a separate item in the budget required to be transmitted to the Congress under section 1105 of title 31.

(l) The Board shall submit to the President, and, at the same time, to each House of the Congress, any legislative recommendations of the Board relating to any of its functions under this title.

(m)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Board, or an administrative law judge or other employee of the Board designated to hear a case arising under section 1215, may require payment by the agency where the prevailing party was employed or had applied for employment at the time of the events giving rise to the case of reasonable attorney fees incurred by an employee or applicant for employment if the employee or applicant is the prevailing party and the Board, administrative law judge, or other employee (as the case may be) determines that payment by the agency is warranted in the interest of justice, including any case in which a prohibited personnel practice was engaged in by the agency or any case in which the agency's action was clearly without merit.

(2) If an employee or applicant for employment is the prevailing party of a case arising under section 1215 and the decision is based on a finding of discrimination prohibited under section 2302(b)(1) of this title, the payment of attorney fees shall be in accordance with the standards prescribed under section 706(k) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–5(k)).

(n) The Board may accept and use gifts and donations of property and services to carry out the duties of the Board.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1122, §1205; amended Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(2), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; renumbered §1204 and amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 17; Pub. L. 102–568, title V, §506(c)(4), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4341; Pub. L. 103–353, §2(b)(2)(A), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3169; Pub. L. 103–424, §2, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4361; Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, §1203(c)(1), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4690; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §107(a), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1469; Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title V, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 217.)

The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (d), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

A prior section 1204 was renumbered section 1211(b) of this title by Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(6). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(3), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346, struck out section catchline of prior section 1204.

**2014**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 113–76 added subsec. (n).

**2012**—Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 112–199 substituted "agency where the prevailing party was employed or had applied for employment at the time of the events giving rise to the case" for "agency involved".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–446, which directed the amendment of par. (1) by substituting "section 4303" for "section 4323" could not be executed because the phrase "section 4323" does not appear in text subsequent to the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 substituting "chapter 43" for "section 4323". See below.

Pub. L. 103–353 substituted "chapter 43" for "section 4323".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 103–424 added subsec. (m).

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–568 substituted "4323" for "2023".

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7), renumbered section 1205 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(A), struck out "and Special Counsel" after "Board" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(A), (C), substituted "subsection (f)" for "subsection (e) of this section".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(A), struck out "the Special Counsel," after "Board,".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(D), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "Any member of the Board, the Special Counsel, and any administrative law judge appointed by the Board under section 3105 of this title may—

"(A) issue subpenas requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary or other evidence from any place in the United States or any territory or possession thereof, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia; and

"(B) order the taking of depositions and order responses to written interrogatories."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(B), substituted "subpoena" for "subpena" and "subpoenaed" for "subpenaed".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(B), (E), substituted "subpoena" for "subpena" in two places, "(b)(2)(A) or section 1214(b), upon application by the Board" for "(b)(2) of this section", and "for the district" for "for the judicial district".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(A), (G)(i), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), struck out "of this section" after "subsection (a)(1)", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(G)(ii), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), struck out "of this section" after "subsection (a)(2)", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(A), (G)(iii), struck out "of this section" after "subsection (a)(3)" and inserted "of Personnel Management" after "Office".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(H)(i), inserted "of the Office of Personnel Management" after "Director" and struck out "of this title" after "section 1103".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(H)(ii), inserted comma after "subsection" and in subpars. (A) and (B) struck out "of this title" after "section 2302(b)".

Subsec. (f)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(H)(iii), struck out "(A)" before "The Director", struck out subpar. (B) which provided that any review conducted by the Board be limited to determining the validity on its face of the provision under review and whether the provision under review has been validly implemented, and redesignated former subpar. (C) and cls. (i) and (ii) of former subpar. (C) as par. (4) and subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (4).

Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), redesignated former subsecs. (f) to (h) as (g) to (i), respectively. Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), (I), redesignated former subsec. (i) as (j) and substituted "chapter 33" for "chapter 33 of this title". Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(7)(F), redesignated former subsecs. (j) and (k) as (k) and (l), respectively.

**1982**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 1105 of title 31" for "section 201 of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 11)".

Pub. L. 112–199, title II, §202, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1476, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in section 109 [see Effective Date note set out under section 2304 of this title], this Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a Short Title of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title] shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 27, 2012]."

Pub. L. 103–424, §14, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4368, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [amending this section and sections 1211, 1212, 1214, 1218, 1221, 2105, 2302, 4313, 7121, and 8348 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 1212 and 1214 of this title and section 1441a of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5509 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall be effective on and after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1994]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsecs. (a)(3) and (l) of this section (formerly 5 U.S.C. 1205(a)(3) and (k)), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 176 of House Document No. 103–7.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any rule, regulation or policy directive, any member of the Board, or any employee of the Board designated by the Board, may transmit to the Congress on the request of any committee or subcommittee thereof, by report, testimony, or otherwise, information and views on functions, responsibilities, or other matters relating to the Board, without review, clearance, or approval by any other administrative authority.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, §1209(a); renumbered §1205 and amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(9), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 18.)

A prior section 1205 was renumbered section 1204 of this title.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12 renumbered section 1209(a) of this title as this section and inserted section catchline.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

The Board shall submit an annual report to the President and the Congress on its activities, which shall include a description of significant actions taken by the Board to carry out its functions under this title. The report shall also review the significant actions of the Office of Personnel Management, including an analysis of whether the actions of the Office of Personnel Management are in accord with merit system principles and free from prohibited personnel practices.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, §1209(b); renumbered §1206 and amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(10), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 18.)

A prior section 1206, added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1125, which related to authority and responsibilities of Special Counsel, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–12, §§3(a)(8), 11, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 18, effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989. See section 1212 of this title.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12 renumbered section 1209(b) of this title as this section and inserted section catchline.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in first sentence of this section relating to annual reports to Congress (formerly 5 U.S.C. 1209(b)), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 176 of House Document No. 103–7.

Section 1207, added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1130, provided for hearings and decisions on complaints filed by Special Counsel. See section 1215(a)(2) to (5) of this title.

Section 1208, added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1130, related to stays of certain personnel actions. See section 1214(b) of this title.

Repeal of sections effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as an Effective Date of 1989 Amendment note under section 1201 of this title.

Subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section were renumbered as sections 1205 and 1206, respectively, of this title by Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(9), (10). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346, struck out section catchline of prior section 1209.

(a) There is established the Office of Special Counsel, which shall be headed by the Special Counsel. The Office shall have an official seal which shall be judicially noticed. The Office shall have its principal office in the District of Columbia and shall have field offices in other appropriate locations.

(b) The Special Counsel shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of 5 years. The Special Counsel may continue to serve beyond the expiration of the term until a successor is appointed and has qualified, except that the Special Counsel may not continue to serve for more than one year after the date on which the term of the Special Counsel would otherwise expire under this subsection. The Special Counsel shall be an attorney who, by demonstrated ability, background, training, or experience, is especially qualified to carry out the functions of the position. A Special Counsel appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of the Special Counsel's predecessor serves for the remainder of the term. The Special Counsel may be removed by the President only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. The Special Counsel may not hold another office or position in the Government of the United States, except as otherwise provided by law or at the direction of the President.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(11), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 19, §1211(a), and Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1122, §1204; renumbered §1211(b) and amended Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(6), (12), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 17, 19; Pub. L. 103–424, §3(a), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4361.)

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–424 inserted after first sentence "The Special Counsel may continue to serve beyond the expiration of the term until a successor is appointed and has qualified, except that the Special Counsel may not continue to serve for more than one year after the date on which the term of the Special Counsel would otherwise expire under this subsection."

**1989**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(6), (12), renumbered section 1204 of this title as subsec. (b) of this section, substituted "Special Counsel shall be appointed by the President" for "Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board shall be appointed by the President from attorneys", substituted "The Special Counsel shall be an attorney who, by demonstrated ability, background, training, or experience, is especially qualified to carry out the functions of the position. A Special Counsel appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of the Special Counsel's predecessor serves for the remainder of the term." for "A Special Counsel appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of his predecessor serves for the remainder of the term.", and inserted at end "The Special Counsel may not hold another office or position in the Government of the United States, except as otherwise provided by law or at the direction of the President."

Subchapter effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–409, §7(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4312, which provided for review by the Integrity Committee of allegations of wrongdoing against the Special Counsel or the Deputy Special Counsel, was repealed by Pub. L. 114–317, §7(a)(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1605. See section 424(d)(12) of this title.

Pub. L. 101–12, §8(c), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 34, provided that: "The personnel, assets, liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds employed, held, used, arising from, available or to be made available to the Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board are, subject to section 1531 of title 31, United States Code, transferred to the Special Counsel referred to in section 1211 of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 3(a) of this Act), for appropriate allocation."

(a) The Office of Special Counsel shall—

(1) in accordance with section 1214(a) and other applicable provisions of this subchapter, protect employees, former employees, and applicants for employment from prohibited personnel practices;

(2) receive and investigate allegations of prohibited personnel practices, and, where appropriate—

(A) bring petitions for stays, and petitions for corrective action, under section 1214; and

(B) file a complaint or make recommendations for disciplinary action under section 1215;

(3) receive, review, and, where appropriate, forward to the Attorney General or an agency head under section 1213, disclosures of violations of any law, rule, or regulation, or gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety;

(4) review rules and regulations issued by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in carrying out functions under section 1103 and, where the Special Counsel finds that any such rule or regulation would, on its face or as implemented, require the commission of a prohibited personnel practice, file a written complaint with the Board; and

(5) investigate and, where appropriate, bring actions concerning allegations of violations of other laws within the jurisdiction of the Office of Special Counsel (as referred to in section 1216).

(b)(1) The Special Counsel and any employee of the Office of Special Counsel designated by the Special Counsel may administer oaths, examine witnesses, take depositions, and receive evidence.

(2) The Special Counsel may—

(A) issue subpoenas; and

(B) order the taking of depositions and order responses to written interrogatories;

in the same manner as provided under section 1204.

(3)(A) In the case of contumacy or failure to obey a subpoena issued under paragraph (2)(A), the Special Counsel may apply to the Merit Systems Protection Board to enforce the subpoena in court pursuant to section 1204(c).

(B) A subpoena under paragraph (2)(A) may, in the case of any individual outside the territorial jurisdiction of any court of the United States, be served in the manner referred to in subsection (d) of section 1204, and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia may, with respect to any such individual, compel compliance in accordance with such subsection.

(4) Witnesses (whether appearing voluntarily or under subpoena) shall be paid the same fee and mileage allowances which are paid subpoenaed witnesses in the courts of the United States.

(5)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the Special Counsel, in carrying out this subchapter, is authorized to—

(i) have timely access to all records, data, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, or other material available to the applicable agency that relate to an investigation, review, or inquiry conducted under—

(I) section 1213, 1214, 1215, or 1216 of this title; or

(II) section 4324(a) of title 38;

(ii) request from any agency the information or assistance that may be necessary for the Special Counsel to carry out the duties and responsibilities of the Special Counsel under this subchapter; and

(iii) require, during an investigation, review, or inquiry of an agency, the agency to provide to the Special Counsel any record or other information that relates to an investigation, review, or inquiry conducted under—

(I) section 1213, 1214, 1215, or 1216 of this title; or

(II) section 4324(a) of title 38.

(B)(i) The authorization of the Special Counsel under subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to any entity that is an element of the intelligence community, as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003), unless the Special Counsel is investigating, or otherwise carrying out activities relating to the enforcement of, an action under subchapter III of chapter 73.

(ii) An Inspector General may withhold from the Special Counsel material described in subparagraph (A) if the Inspector General determines that the material contains information derived from, or pertaining to, intelligence activities.

(iii) The Attorney General or an Inspector General may withhold from the Special Counsel material described in subparagraph (A) if—

(I)(aa) disclosing the material could reasonably be expected to interfere with a criminal investigation or prosecution that is ongoing as of the date on which the Special Counsel submits a request for the material; or

(bb) the material—

(AA) may not be disclosed pursuant to a court order; or

(BB) has been filed under seal under section 3730 of title 31; and

(II) the Attorney General or the Inspector General, as applicable, submits to the Special Counsel a written report that describes—

(aa) the material being withheld; and

(bb) the reason that the material is being withheld.

(C)(i) A claim of common law privilege by an agency, or an officer or employee of an agency, shall not prevent the Special Counsel from obtaining any material described in subparagraph (A)(i) with respect to the agency.

(ii) The submission of material described in subparagraph (A)(i) by an agency to the Special Counsel may not be deemed to waive any assertion of privilege by the agency against a non-Federal entity or against an individual in any other proceeding.

(iii) With respect to any record or other information made available to the Special Counsel by an agency under subparagraph (A), the Special Counsel may only disclose the record or information for a purpose that is in furtherance of any authority provided to the Special Counsel under this subchapter.

(6) The Special Counsel shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and each committee of Congress with jurisdiction over the applicable agency a report regarding any case of contumacy or failure to comply with a request submitted by the Special Counsel under paragraph (5)(A).

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the Special Counsel may as a matter of right intervene or otherwise participate in any proceeding before the Merit Systems Protection Board, except that the Special Counsel shall comply with the rules of the Board.

(2) The Special Counsel may not intervene in an action brought by an individual under section 1221, or in an appeal brought by an individual under section 7701, without the consent of such individual.

(d)(1) The Special Counsel may appoint the legal, administrative, and support personnel necessary to perform the functions of the Special Counsel.

(2) Any appointment made under this subsection shall be made in accordance with the provisions of this title, except that such appointment shall not be subject to the approval or supervision of the Office of Personnel Management or the Executive Office of the President (other than approval required under section 3324 or subchapter VIII of chapter 33).

(e) The Special Counsel may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to perform the functions of the Special Counsel. Such regulations shall be published in the Federal Register.

(f) The Special Counsel may not issue any advisory opinion concerning any law, rule, or regulation (other than an advisory opinion concerning chapter 15 or subchapter III of chapter 73).

(g)(1) The Special Counsel may not respond to any inquiry or disclose any information from or about any person making an allegation under section 1214(a), except in accordance with the provisions of section 552a of title 5, United States Code, or as required by any other applicable Federal law.

(2) Notwithstanding the exception under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel may not respond to any inquiry concerning an evaluation of the work performance, ability, aptitude, general qualifications, character, loyalty, or suitability for any personnel action of any person described in paragraph (1)—

(A) unless the consent of the individual as to whom the information pertains is obtained in advance; or

(B) except upon request of an agency which requires such information in order to make a determination concerning an individual's having access to the information unauthorized disclosure of which could be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security.

(h)(1) The Special Counsel is authorized to appear as amicus curiae in any action brought in a court of the United States related to section 2302(b)(8) or (9), or as otherwise authorized by law. In any such action, the Special Counsel is authorized to present the views of the Special Counsel with respect to compliance with section 2302(b)(8) or (9) and the impact court decisions would have on the enforcement of such provisions of law.

(2) A court of the United States shall grant the application of the Special Counsel to appear in any such action for the purposes described under subsection (a).

(i) The Special Counsel shall enter into at least 1 agreement with the Inspector General of an agency under which—

(1) the Inspector General shall—

(A) receive, review, and investigate allegations of prohibited personnel practices or wrongdoing filed by employees of the Office of Special Counsel; and

(B) develop a method for an employee of the Office of Special Counsel to communicate directly with the Inspector General; and

(2) the Special Counsel—

(A) may not require an employee of the Office of Special Counsel to seek authorization or approval before directly contacting the Inspector General in accordance with the agreement; and

(B) may reimburse the Inspector General for services provided under the agreement.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 19; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §3(b), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4362; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §113, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1472; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(a), (g), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1615, 1623.)

**2017**—Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(a), added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(g), added subsec. (i).

**2012**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–199 added subsec. (h).

**1994**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 103–424, §3(b)(1) substituted "disclose any information from or about" for "provide information concerning".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 103–424, §3(b)(2), substituted "an evaluation of the work performance, ability, aptitude, general qualifications, character, loyalty, or suitability for any personnel action of any" for "a matter described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 2302(b)(2) in connection with a".

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(m), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) the functions of the Special Counsel under subchapter II of chapter 12 of title 5, United States Code, including regulations that are necessary to carry out sections 1213, 1214, and 1215 of that title; and

"(B) any functions of the Special Counsel that are required because of the amendments made by this section [enacting section 7515 of this title, amending this section and sections 1212 to 1214, 1217 to 1219, 1221, 2302, 4301, 4302, 4313, 4505a, 5755, and 7326 of this title and sections 3657 and 3673 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, repealing section 2307 of this title and former section 7515 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 4302, 5509, 7326, and 7503 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 2302 and 5509 of this title].

"(2)

Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §105, Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1238, as amended by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(l), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) an employee of the agency committed suicide;

"(2) prior to the death of the employee, the employee made any disclosure of information which reasonably evidences—

"(A) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or

"(B) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and

"(3) after a disclosure described in paragraph (2), a personnel action was taken against the employee.

"(b)

"(1) examine whether any personnel action was taken because of any disclosure of information described in subsection (a)(2); and

"(2) take any action the Special Counsel determines appropriate under subchapter II of chapter 12 of title 5, United States Code.

"(c)

[For definitions of "agency", "employee", and "personnel action" as used in section 105 of Pub. L. 115–73, set out above, see section 101 of Pub. L. 115–73, set out below.]

Pub. L. 103–424, §12(a), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4366, provided that: "No later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 29, 1994], the Special Counsel shall issue a policy statement regarding the implementation of the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 [see Short Title of 1989 Amendment note set out under section 1201 of this title]. Such policy statement shall be made available to each person alleging a prohibited personnel practice described under section 2302(b)(8) of title 5, United States Code, and shall include detailed guidelines identifying specific categories of information that may (or may not) be communicated to agency officials for an investigative purpose, or for the purpose of obtaining corrective action under section 1214 of title 5, United States Code, or disciplinary action under section 1215 of such title, the circumstances under which such information is likely to be disclosed, and whether or not the consent of any person is required in advance of any such communication."

Pub. L. 103–424, §13, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4367, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) determine if the individual seeking assistance was fully apprised of their rights;

"(2) determine whether the individual was successful either at the Office of Special Counsel or the Merit Systems Protection Board; and

"(3) determine if the individual, whether successful or not, was satisfied with the treatment received from the Office of Special Counsel.

"(b)

Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §101, Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1235, provided that: "In this title [enacting sections 2307 and 7515 of this title, amending sections 1214, 1221, 2302, 4505a, and 5755 of this title and sections 3657 and 3673 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 2301 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 2302 of this title]—

"(1) the term 'agency'—

"(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), means an entity that is an agency, as defined under section 2302 of title 5, United States Code, without regard to whether one or more portions of title 5 of the United States Code are inapplicable to the entity; and

"(B) does not include any entity that is an element of the intelligence community, as defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4));

"(2) the term 'employee' means an employee (as defined in section 2105 of title 5, United States Code) of an agency; and

"(3) the term 'personnel action' has the meaning given that term under section 2302 of title 5, United States Code."

(a) This section applies with respect to—

(1) any disclosure of information by an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment which the employee, former employee, or applicant reasonably believes evidences—

(A) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or

(B) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety;

if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law and if such information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs; and

(2) any disclosure by an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment to the Special Counsel or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures of information which the employee, former employee, or applicant reasonably believes evidences—

(A) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or

(B) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.

(b) Whenever the Special Counsel receives information of a type described in subsection (a) of this section, the Special Counsel shall review such information and, within 45 days after receiving the information, determine whether there is a substantial likelihood that the information discloses a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or gross mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of authority, or substantial and specific danger to public health and safety.

(c)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), if the Special Counsel makes a positive determination under subsection (b) of this section, the Special Counsel shall promptly transmit the information with respect to which the determination was made to the appropriate agency head and require that the agency head—

(A) conduct an investigation with respect to the information and any related matters transmitted by the Special Counsel to the agency head; and

(B) submit a written report setting forth the findings of the agency head within 60 days after the date on which the information is transmitted to the agency head or within any longer period of time agreed to in writing by the Special Counsel.

(2) The Special Counsel may require an agency head to conduct an investigation and submit a written report under paragraph (1) only if the information was transmitted to the Special Counsel by—

(A) an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment in the agency which the information concerns; or

(B) an employee who obtained the information in connection with the performance of the employee's duties and responsibilities.

(d) Any report required under subsection (c) shall be reviewed and signed by the head of the agency and shall include—

(1) a summary of the information with respect to which the investigation was initiated;

(2) a description of the conduct of the investigation;

(3) a summary of any evidence obtained from the investigation;

(4) a listing of any violation or apparent violation of any law, rule, or regulation; and

(5) a description of any action taken or planned as a result of the investigation, such as—

(A) changes in agency rules, regulations, or practices;

(B) the restoration of any aggrieved employee;

(C) disciplinary action against any employee; and

(D) referral to the Attorney General of any evidence of a criminal violation.

(e)(1) Any report required under subsection (c) or paragraph (5) of this subsection shall be submitted to the Special Counsel, and the Special Counsel shall transmit a copy to the complainant, except as provided under subsection (f) of this section. The complainant may submit comments to the Special Counsel on the agency report within 15 days of having received a copy of the report.

(2) Upon receipt of any report that the head of an agency is required to submit under subsection (c), the Special Counsel shall review the report and determine whether—

(A) the findings of the head of the agency appear reasonable; and

(B) if the Special Counsel requires the head of the agency to submit a supplemental report under paragraph (5), the reports submitted by the head of the agency collectively contain the information required under subsection (d).

(3) The Special Counsel shall transmit any report submitted to the Special Counsel by the head of an agency under subsection (c) or paragraph (5) of this subsection, any comments provided by the complainant pursuant to subsection (e)(1), and any appropriate comments or recommendations by the Special Counsel to the President and the congressional committees with jurisdiction over the agency which the disclosure involves.

(4) Whenever the Special Counsel does not receive the report of the agency within the time prescribed in subsection (c)(2) of this section, the Special Counsel shall transmit a copy of the information which was transmitted to the agency head to the President and the congressional committees with jurisdiction over the agency which the disclosure involves together with a statement noting the failure of the head of the agency to file the required report.

(5) If, after conducting a review of a report under paragraph (2), the Special Counsel concludes that the Special Counsel requires additional information or documentation to determine whether the report submitted by the head of an agency is reasonable and sufficient, the Special Counsel may request that the head of the agency submit a supplemental report—

(A) containing the additional information or documentation identified by the Special Counsel; and

(B) that the head of the agency shall submit to the Special Counsel within a period of time specified by the Special Counsel.

(f) In any case in which evidence of a criminal violation obtained by an agency in an investigation under subsection (c) of this section is referred to the Attorney General—

(1) the report shall not be transmitted to the complainant; and

(2) the agency shall notify the Office of Personnel Management and the Office of Management and Budget of the referral.

(g)(1) If the Special Counsel receives information of a type described in subsection (a) from an individual other than an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (c)(2), the Special Counsel may transmit the information to the head of the agency which the information concerns. The head of such agency shall, within a reasonable time after the information is transmitted, inform the Special Counsel in writing of what action has been or is being taken and when such action shall be completed. The Special Counsel shall inform the individual of the report of the agency head.

(2) If the Special Counsel receives information of a type described in subsection (a) from an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (c)(2), but does not make a positive determination under subsection (b), the Special Counsel may transmit the information to the head of the agency which the information concerns, except that the information may not be transmitted to the head of the agency without the consent of the individual. The head of such agency shall, within a reasonable time after the information is transmitted, inform the Special Counsel in writing of what action has been or is being taken and when such action will be completed. The Special Counsel shall inform the individual of the report of the agency head.

(3) If the Special Counsel does not transmit the information to the head of the agency under paragraph (2), the Special Counsel shall inform the individual of—

(A) the reasons why the disclosure may not be further acted on under this chapter; and

(B) other offices available for receiving disclosures, should the individual wish to pursue the matter further.

(h) The identity of any individual who makes a disclosure described in subsection (a) may not be disclosed by the Special Counsel without such individual's consent unless the Special Counsel determines that the disclosure of the individual's identity is necessary because of an imminent danger to public health or safety or imminent violation of any criminal law.

(i) Except as specifically authorized under this section, the provisions of this section shall not be considered to authorize disclosure of any information by any agency or any person which is—

(1) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law; or

(2) specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs.

(j) With respect to any disclosure of information described in subsection (a) which involves foreign intelligence or counterintelligence information, if the disclosure is specifically prohibited by law or by Executive order, the Special Counsel shall transmit such information to the National Security Advisor, the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 21; amended Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3828; Pub. L. 107–304, §3, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2364; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(c)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1618.)

**2017**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(2)(A), substituted "45 days" for "15 days".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(2)(B)(i), substituted "Any report required under subsection (c) or paragraph (5) of this subsection" for "Any such report".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(2)(B)(ii), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which related to review of any report of the head of an agency required under subsection (c).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(2)(B)(iii), substituted "report submitted to the Special Counsel by the head of an agency under subsection (c) or paragraph (5) of this subsection" for "agency report received pursuant to subsection (c) of this section".

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(2)(B)(iv), added par. (5).

**2002**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 107–304, §3(1), struck out at end "If the Special Counsel does not transmit the information to the head of the agency, the Special Counsel shall return any documents and other matter provided by the individual who made the disclosure."

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 107–304, §3(2), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "If the Special Counsel does not transmit the information to the head of the agency under paragraph (2), the Special Counsel shall—

"(A) return any documents and other matter provided by the individual who made the disclosure; and

"(B) inform the individual of—

"(i) the reasons why the disclosure may not be further acted on under this chapter; and

"(ii) other offices available for receiving disclosures, should the individual wish to pursue the matter further."

**1996**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 104–316, §103(a)(1), substituted "President and" for "President," and struck out ", and the Comptroller General" before period at end.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 104–316, §103(a)(2), substituted "President and" for "President," and struck out ", and the Comptroller General" before "together with a".

(a)(1)(A) The Special Counsel shall receive any allegation of a prohibited personnel practice and shall investigate the allegation to the extent necessary to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken.

(B) Within 15 days after the date of receiving an allegation of a prohibited personnel practice under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel shall provide written notice to the person who made the allegation that—

(i) the allegation has been received by the Special Counsel; and

(ii) shall include the name of a person at the Office of Special Counsel who shall serve as a contact with the person making the allegation.

(C) Unless an investigation is terminated under paragraph (2), the Special Counsel shall—

(i) within 90 days after notice is provided under subparagraph (B), notify the person who made the allegation of the status of the investigation and any action taken by the Office of the Special Counsel since the filing of the allegation;

(ii) notify such person of the status of the investigation and any action taken by the Office of the Special Counsel since the last notice, at least every 60 days after notice is given under clause (i); and

(iii) notify such person of the status of the investigation and any action taken by the Special Counsel at such time as determined appropriate by the Special Counsel.

(D) No later than 10 days before the Special Counsel terminates any investigation of a prohibited personnel practice, the Special Counsel shall provide a written status report to the person who made the allegation of the proposed findings of fact and legal conclusions. The person may submit written comments about the report to the Special Counsel. The Special Counsel shall not be required to provide a subsequent written status report under this subparagraph after the submission of such written comments.

(2)(A) If the Special Counsel terminates any investigation under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel shall prepare and transmit to any person on whose allegation the investigation was initiated a written statement notifying the person of—

(i) the termination of the investigation;

(ii) a summary of relevant facts ascertained by the Special Counsel, including the facts that support, and the facts that do not support, the allegations of such person;

(iii) the reasons for terminating the investigation; and

(iv) a response to any comments submitted under paragraph (1)(D).

(B) A written statement under subparagraph (A) may not be admissible as evidence in any judicial or administrative proceeding, without the consent of the person who received such statement under subparagraph (A).

(3) Except in a case in which an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment has the right to appeal directly to the Merit Systems Protection Board under any law, rule, or regulation, any such employee, former employee, or applicant shall seek corrective action from the Special Counsel before seeking corrective action from the Board. An employee, former employee, or applicant for employment may seek corrective action from the Board under section 1221, if such employee, former employee, or applicant seeks corrective action for a prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) from the Special Counsel and—

(A)(i) the Special Counsel notifies such employee, former employee, or applicant that an investigation concerning such employee, former employee, or applicant has been terminated; and

(ii) no more than 60 days have elapsed since notification was provided to such employee, former employee, or applicant for employment that such investigation was terminated; or

(B) 120 days after seeking corrective action from the Special Counsel, such employee, former employee, or applicant has not been notified by the Special Counsel that the Special Counsel shall seek corrective action on behalf of such employee, former employee, or applicant.

(4) If an employee, former employee, or applicant seeks a corrective action from the Board under section 1221, pursuant to the provisions of paragraph (3)(B), the Special Counsel may continue to seek corrective action personal to such employee, former employee, or applicant only with the consent of such employee, former employee, or applicant.

(5) In addition to any authority granted under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel may, in the absence of an allegation, conduct an investigation for the purpose of determining whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice (or a pattern of prohibited personnel practices) has occurred, exists, or is to be taken.

(6)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, not later than 30 days after the date on which the Special Counsel receives an allegation of a prohibited personnel practice under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel may terminate an investigation of the allegation without further inquiry if the Special Counsel determines that—

(i) the same allegation, based on the same set of facts and circumstances, had previously been—

(I)(aa) made by the individual; and

(bb) investigated by the Special Counsel; or

(II) filed by the individual with the Merit Systems Protection Board;

(ii) the Special Counsel does not have jurisdiction to investigate the allegation; or

(iii) the individual knew or should have known of the alleged prohibited personnel practice on or before the date that is 3 years before the date on which the Special Counsel received the allegation.

(B) Not later than 30 days after the date on which the Special Counsel terminates an investigation under subparagraph (A), the Special Counsel shall provide a written notification to the individual who submitted the allegation of a prohibited personnel practice that states the basis of the Special Counsel for terminating the investigation.

(b)(1)(A)(i) The Special Counsel may request any member of the Merit Systems Protection Board to order a stay of any personnel action for 45 days if the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the personnel action was taken, or is to be taken, as a result of a prohibited personnel practice.

(ii) Any member of the Board requested by the Special Counsel to order a stay under clause (i) shall order such stay unless the member determines that, under the facts and circumstances involved, such a stay would not be appropriate.

(iii) Unless denied under clause (ii), any stay under this subparagraph shall be granted within 3 calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after the date of the request for the stay by the Special Counsel.

(B)(i) The Board may extend the period of any stay granted under subparagraph (A) for any period which the Board considers appropriate.

(ii) If the Board lacks the number of members appointed under section 1201 required to constitute a quorum, any remaining member of the Board may, upon request by the Special Counsel, extend the period of any stay granted under subparagraph (A).

(C) The Board shall allow any agency which is the subject of a stay to comment to the Board on any extension of stay proposed under subparagraph (B).

(D) A stay may be terminated by the Board at any time, except that a stay may not be terminated by the Board—

(i) on its own motion or on the motion of an agency, unless notice and opportunity for oral or written comments are first provided to the Special Counsel and the individual on whose behalf the stay was ordered; or

(ii) on motion of the Special Counsel, unless notice and opportunity for oral or written comments are first provided to the individual on whose behalf the stay was ordered.

(E) If the Board grants a stay under subparagraph (A), the head of the agency employing the employee who is the subject of the action shall give priority to a request for a transfer submitted by the employee.

(2)(A)(i) Except as provided under clause (ii), no later than 240 days after the date of receiving an allegation of a prohibited personnel practice under paragraph (1), the Special Counsel shall make a determination whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken.

(ii) If the Special Counsel is unable to make the required determination within the 240-day period specified under clause (i) and the person submitting the allegation of a prohibited personnel practice agrees to an extension of time, the determination shall be made within such additional period of time as shall be agreed upon between the Special Counsel and the person submitting the allegation.

(B) If, in connection with any investigation, the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken which requires corrective action, the Special Counsel shall report the determination together with any findings or recommendations to the Board, the agency involved and to the Office of Personnel Management, and may report such determination, findings and recommendations to the President. The Special Counsel may include in the report recommendations for corrective action to be taken.

(C) If, after a reasonable period of time, the agency does not act to correct the prohibited personnel practice, the Special Counsel may petition the Board for corrective action.

(D) If the Special Counsel finds, in consultation with the individual subject to the prohibited personnel practice, that the agency has acted to correct the prohibited personnel practice, the Special Counsel shall file such finding with the Board, together with any written comments which the individual may provide.

(E) A determination by the Special Counsel under this paragraph shall not be cited or referred to in any proceeding under this paragraph or any other administrative or judicial proceeding for any purpose, without the consent of the person submitting the allegation of a prohibited personnel practice.

(3) Whenever the Special Counsel petitions the Board for corrective action, the Board shall provide an opportunity for—

(A) oral or written comments by the Special Counsel, the agency involved, and the Office of Personnel Management; and

(B) written comments by any individual who alleges to be the subject of the prohibited personnel practice.

(4)(A) The Board shall order such corrective action as the Board considers appropriate, if the Board determines that the Special Counsel has demonstrated that a prohibited personnel practice, other than one described in section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), has occurred, exists, or is to be taken.

(B)(i) Subject to the provisions of clause (ii), in any case involving an alleged prohibited personnel practice as described under section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), the Board shall order such corrective action as the Board considers appropriate if the Special Counsel has demonstrated that a disclosure or protected activity described under section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) was a contributing factor in the personnel action which was taken or is to be taken against the individual.

(ii) Corrective action under clause (i) may not be ordered if, after a finding that a protected disclosure was a contributing factor, the agency demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that it would have taken the same personnel action in the absence of such disclosure.

(c)(1) Judicial review of any final order or decision of the Board under this section may be obtained by any employee, former employee, or applicant for employment adversely affected by such order or decision.

(2) A petition for review under this subsection shall be filed with such court, and within such time, as provided for under section 7703(b).

(d)(1) If, in connection with any investigation under this subchapter, the Special Counsel determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that a criminal violation has occurred, the Special Counsel shall report the determination to the Attorney General and to the head of the agency involved, and shall submit a copy of the report to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

(2) In any case in which the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken, the Special Counsel shall proceed with any investigation or proceeding unless—

(A) the alleged violation has been reported to the Attorney General; and

(B) the Attorney General is pursuing an investigation, in which case the Special Counsel, after consultation with the Attorney General, has discretion as to whether to proceed.

(e) If, in connection with any investigation under this subchapter, the Special Counsel determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that any violation of any law, rule, or regulation has occurred other than one referred to in subsection (b) or (d), the Special Counsel shall report such violation to the head of the agency involved. The Special Counsel shall require, within 30 days after the receipt of the report by the agency, a certification by the head of the agency which states—

(1) that the head of the agency has personally reviewed the report; and

(2) what action has been or is to be taken, and when the action will be completed.

(f) During any investigation initiated under this subchapter, no disciplinary action shall be taken against any employee for any alleged prohibited activity under investigation or for any related activity without the approval of the Special Counsel.

(g) If the Board orders corrective action under this section, such corrective action may include—

(1) that the individual be placed, as nearly as possible, in the position the individual would have been in had the prohibited personnel practice not occurred; and

(2) reimbursement for attorney's fees, back pay and related benefits, medical costs incurred, travel expenses, any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages, and compensatory damages (including interest, reasonable expert witness fees, and costs).

(h) Any corrective action ordered under this section to correct a prohibited personnel practice may include fees, costs, or damages reasonably incurred due to an agency investigation of the employee, if such investigation was commenced, expanded, or extended in retaliation for the disclosure or protected activity that formed the basis of the corrective action.

(i) The Special Counsel may petition the Board to order corrective action, including fees, costs, or damages reasonably incurred by an employee due to an investigation of the employee by an agency, if the investigation by an agency was commenced, expanded, or extended in retaliation for a disclosure or protected activity described in section 2302(b)(8) or subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) of section 2302(b)(9), without regard to whether a personnel action, as defined in section 2302(a)(2)(A), is taken.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 23; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §§3(c), (d), 8(a), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4362, 4364; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §§101(b)(1)(A), (2)(A), 104(c)(1), 107(b), 114(a), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1465, 1468, 1469, 1472; Pub. L. 115–42, §1, June 27, 2017, 131 Stat. 883; Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §102(a), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1236; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(c)(3)(A), (4), (f), (j), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1619, 1622, 1625.)

**2017**—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(f), added par. (6).

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–42 designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(j), struck out "who was appointed, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate," after "member of the Board".

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(3)(A), added subpar. (E) and struck out former subpar. (E) which read as follows: "If the Merit Systems Protection Board grants a stay under this subsection, the head of the agency employing the employee shall give priority to a request for a transfer submitted by the employee."

Pub. L. 115–73 added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(4), added subsec. (i).

**2012**—Subsecs. (a)(3), (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(A), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "section 2302(b)(8)".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(A), (2)(A), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "section 2302(b)(8)" in two places and inserted "or protected activity" after "disclosure".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 112–199, §114(a), inserted ", after a finding that a protected disclosure was a contributing factor," after "ordered if".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 112–199, §107(b), substituted "any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages, and compensatory damages (including interest, reasonable expert witness fees, and costs)." for "and any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–199, §104(c)(1), added subsec. (h).

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 103–424, §3(c)(1), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 103–424, §3(c)(2), added cl. (iv).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–424, §3(d), added subpars. (A) and (E) and redesignated former subpars. (A) to (C) as (B) to (D), respectively.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–424, §8(a), added subsec. (g).

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–424, §12(b), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4367, provided that: "The Special Counsel shall include in any letter terminating an investigation under section 1214(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, the name and telephone number of an employee of the Special Counsel who is available to respond to reasonable questions from the person regarding the investigation or review conducted by the Special Counsel, the relevant facts ascertained by the Special Counsel, and the law applicable to the person's allegations."

(a)(1) Except as provided in subsection (b), if the Special Counsel determines that disciplinary action should be taken against any employee for having—

(A) committed a prohibited personnel practice,

(B) violated the provisions of any law, rule, or regulation, or engaged in any other conduct within the jurisdiction of the Special Counsel as described in section 1216, or

(C) knowingly and willfully refused or failed to comply with an order of the Merit Systems Protection Board,

the Special Counsel shall prepare a written complaint against the employee containing the Special Counsel's determination, together with a statement of supporting facts, and present the complaint and statement to the employee and the Board, in accordance with this subsection.

(2) Any employee against whom a complaint has been presented to the Merit Systems Protection Board under paragraph (1) is entitled to—

(A) a reasonable time to answer orally and in writing, and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in support of the answer;

(B) be represented by an attorney or other representative;

(C) a hearing before the Board or an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 and designated by the Board;

(D) have a transcript kept of any hearing under subparagraph (C); and

(E) a written decision and reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date, including a copy of any final order imposing disciplinary action.

(3)(A) A final order of the Board may impose—

(i) disciplinary action consisting of removal, reduction in grade, debarment from Federal employment for a period not to exceed 5 years, suspension, or reprimand;

(ii) an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000; or

(iii) any combination of disciplinary actions described under clause (i) and an assessment described under clause (ii).

(B) In any case brought under paragraph (1) in which the Board finds that an employee has committed a prohibited personnel practice under section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), the Board may impose disciplinary action if the Board finds that the activity protected under section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) was a significant motivating factor, even if other factors also motivated the decision, for the employee's decision to take, fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take a personnel action, unless that employee demonstrates, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the employee would have taken, failed to take, or threatened to take or fail to take the same personnel action, in the absence of such protected activity.

(4) There may be no administrative appeal from an order of the Board. An employee subject to a final order imposing disciplinary action under this subsection may obtain judicial review of the order by filing a petition therefor with such court, and within such time, as provided for under section 7703(b).

(5) In the case of any State or local officer or employee under chapter 15, the Board shall consider the case in accordance with the provisions of such chapter.

(b) In the case of an employee in a confidential, policy-making, policy-determining, or policy-advocating position appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate (other than an individual in the Foreign Service of the United States), the complaint and statement referred to in subsection (a)(1), together with any response of the employee, shall be presented to the President for appropriate action in lieu of being presented under subsection (a).

(c)(1) In the case of members of the uniformed services and individuals employed by any person under contract with an agency to provide goods or services, the Special Counsel may transmit recommendations for disciplinary or other appropriate action (including the evidence on which such recommendations are based) to the head of the agency concerned.

(2) In any case in which the Special Counsel transmits recommendations to an agency head under paragraph (1), the agency head shall, within 60 days after receiving such recommendations, transmit a report to the Special Counsel on each recommendation and the action taken, or proposed to be taken, with respect to each such recommendation.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 27; amended Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §106, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1468.)

**2012**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–199 amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "A final order of the Board may impose disciplinary action consisting of removal, reduction in grade, debarment from Federal employment for a period not to exceed 5 years, suspension, reprimand, or an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000."

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

(a) In addition to the authority otherwise provided in this chapter, the Special Counsel shall, except as provided in subsection (b), conduct an investigation of any allegation concerning—

(1) political activity prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73, relating to political activities by Federal employees;

(2) political activity prohibited under chapter 15, relating to political activities by certain State and local officers and employees;

(3) arbitrary or capricious withholding of information prohibited under section 552, except that the Special Counsel shall make no investigation of any withholding of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence information the disclosure of which is specifically prohibited by law or by Executive order;

(4) activities prohibited by any civil service law, rule, or regulation, including any activity relating to political intrusion in personnel decisionmaking; and

(5) involvement by any employee in any prohibited discrimination found by any court or appropriate administrative authority to have occurred in the course of any personnel action.

(b) The Special Counsel shall make no investigation of any allegation of any prohibited activity referred to in subsection (a)(5), if the Special Counsel determines that the allegation may be resolved more appropriately under an administrative appeals procedure.

(c) If the Special Counsel receives an allegation concerning any matter under paragraph (1), (3), (4), or (5) of subsection (a), the Special Counsel may investigate and seek corrective action under section 1214 and disciplinary action under section 1215 in the same way as if a prohibited personnel practice were involved.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 28; amended Pub. L. 103–94, §3, Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1004.)

**1993**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–94 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows:

"(1) If an investigation by the Special Counsel under subsection (a)(1) substantiates an allegation relating to any activity prohibited under section 7324, the Special Counsel may petition the Merit Systems Protection Board for any penalties provided for under section 7325.

"(2) If the Special Counsel receives an allegation concerning any matter under paragraph (3), (4), or (5) of subsection (a), the Special Counsel may investigate and seek corrective action under section 1214 in the same way as if a prohibited personnel practice were involved."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–94 effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, but not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under amended provision, which is to be treated as remaining in force for purpose of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability, and no provision of Pub. L. 103–94 to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 7321 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) the agency that entered into the agreement;

(B) the position and employment location of the employee who submitted the allegation that formed the basis of the agreement, provided the information is not so specific as to be reasonably likely to identify the employee;

(C) the position and employment location of any employee alleged by an employee described in subparagraph (B) to have committed a prohibited personnel practice, as defined in section 2302(a)(1);

(D) a description of the allegation described in subparagraph (B); and

(E) whether the agency that entered into the agreement has agreed to pursue any disciplinary action as a result of the allegation described in subparagraph (B).

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 28; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(h)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1625.)

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

The Special Counsel shall submit to Congress, on an annual basis, a report regarding the activities of the Special Counsel, which shall include, for the year preceding the submission of the report—

(1) the number, types, and disposition of allegations of prohibited personnel practices filed with the Special Counsel and the costs of resolving such allegations;

(2) the number of investigations conducted by the Special Counsel;

(3) the number of stays and disciplinary actions negotiated with agencies by the Special Counsel;

(4) the number of subpoenas issued by the Special Counsel;

(5) the number of instances in which the Special Counsel reopened an investigation after the Special Counsel had made an initial determination with respect to the investigation;

(6) the actions that resulted from reopening investigations, as described in paragraph (5);

(7) the number of instances in which the Special Counsel did not make a determination before the end of the 240-day period described in section 1214(b)(2)(A)(i) regarding whether there were reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice had occurred, existed, or was to be taken;

(8) a description of the recommendations and reports made by the Special Counsel to other agencies under this subchapter and the actions taken by the agencies as a result of the recommendations or reports;

(9) the number of—

(A) actions initiated before the Merit Systems Protection Board, including the number of corrective action petitions and disciplinary action complaints initiated; and

(B) stays and extensions of stays obtained from the Merit Systems Protection Board;

(10) the number of prohibited personnel practice complaints that resulted in a favorable action for the complainant, other than a stay or an extension of a stay, organized by actions in—

(A) complaints dealing with reprisals against whistleblowers; and

(B) all other complaints;

(11) the number of prohibited personnel practice complaints that were resolved by an agreement between an agency and an individual, organized by agency and agency components in—

(A) complaints dealing with reprisals against whistleblowers; and

(B) all other complaints;

(12) the number of corrective actions that the Special Counsel required an agency to take after a finding by the Special Counsel of a prohibited personnel practice, as defined in section 2302(a)(1); and

(13) the results for the Office of Special Counsel of any employee viewpoint survey conducted by the Office of Personnel Management or any other agency.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 29; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §3(e), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4363; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(h)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1623.)

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Special Counsel shall submit an annual report to the Congress on the activities of the Special Counsel, including the number, types, and disposition of allegations of prohibited personnel practices filed with it, investigations conducted by it, cases in which it did not make a determination whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken within the 240-day period specified in section 1214(b)(2)(A)(i), and actions initiated by it before the Merit Systems Protection Board, as well as a description of the recommendations and reports made by it to other agencies pursuant to this subchapter, and the actions taken by the agencies as a result of the reports or recommendations. The report required by this section shall include whatever recommendations for legislation or other action by Congress the Special Counsel may consider appropriate."

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–424 inserted "cases in which it did not make a determination whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken within the 240-day period specified in section 1214(b)(2)(A)(i)," after "investigations conducted by it,".

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 188 of House Document No. 103–7.

(a) The Special Counsel shall maintain and make available to the public—

(1) a list of any noncriminal matters referred to the head of an agency under section 1213(c), together with—

(A) a copy of the information transmitted to the head of the agency under section 1213(c)(1);

(B) any report from the agency under section 1213(c)(1)(B) relating to the matter;

(C) if appropriate, not otherwise prohibited by law, and consented to by the complainant, any comments from the complainant under section 1213(e)(1) relating to the matter; and

(D) the comments or recommendations of the Special Counsel under paragraph (3) or (4) of section 1213(e);

(2) a list of matters referred to heads of agencies under section 1215(c)(2);

(3) a list of matters referred to heads of agencies under subsection (e) of section 1214, together with certifications from heads of agencies under such subsection; and

(4) reports from heads of agencies under section 1213(g)(1).

(b) The Special Counsel shall take steps to ensure that any list or report made available to the public under this section does not contain any information the disclosure of which is prohibited by law or by Executive order requiring that information be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 29; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(h)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1624.)

**2017**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–91 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "a list of noncriminal matters referred to heads of agencies under subsection (c) of section 1213, together with reports from heads of agencies under subsection (c)(1)(B) of such section relating to such matters;".

(a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section and subsection 1214(a)(3), an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment may, with respect to any personnel action taken, or proposed to be taken, against such employee, former employee, or applicant for employment, as a result of a prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), seek corrective action from the Merit Systems Protection Board.

(b) This section may not be construed to prohibit any employee, former employee, or applicant for employment from seeking corrective action from the Merit Systems Protection Board before seeking corrective action from the Special Counsel, if such employee, former employee, or applicant for employment has the right to appeal directly to the Board under any law, rule, or regulation.

(c)(1) Any employee, former employee, or applicant for employment seeking corrective action under subsection (a) may request that the Board order a stay of the personnel action involved.

(2) Any stay requested under paragraph (1) shall be granted within 10 calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after the date the request is made, if the Board determines that such a stay would be appropriate.

(3)(A) The Board shall allow any agency which would be subject to a stay under this subsection to comment to the Board on such stay request.

(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a stay granted under this subsection shall remain in effect for such period as the Board determines to be appropriate.

(C) The Board may modify or dissolve a stay under this subsection at any time, if the Board determines that such a modification or dissolution is appropriate.

(d)(1) At the request of an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment seeking corrective action under subsection (a), the Board shall issue a subpoena for the attendance and testimony of any person or the production of documentary or other evidence from any person if the Board finds that the testimony or production requested is not unduly burdensome and appears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.

(2) A subpoena under this subsection may be issued, and shall be enforced, in the same manner as applies in the case of subpoenas under section 1204.

(e)(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), in any case involving an alleged prohibited personnel practice as described under section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D), the Board shall order such corrective action as the Board considers appropriate if the employee, former employee, or applicant for employment has demonstrated that a disclosure or protected activity described under section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) was a contributing factor in the personnel action which was taken or is to be taken against such employee, former employee, or applicant. The employee may demonstrate that the disclosure or protected activity was a contributing factor in the personnel action through circumstantial evidence, such as evidence that—

(A) the official taking the personnel action knew of the disclosure or protected activity; and

(B) the personnel action occurred within a period of time such that a reasonable person could conclude that the disclosure or protected activity was a contributing factor in the personnel action.

(2) Corrective action under paragraph (1) may not be ordered if, after a finding that a protected disclosure was a contributing factor, the agency demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that it would have taken the same personnel action in the absence of such disclosure.

(f)(1) A final order or decision shall be rendered by the Board as soon as practicable after the commencement of any proceeding under this section.

(2) A decision to terminate an investigation under subchapter II may not be considered in any action or other proceeding under this section.

(3) If, based on evidence presented to it under this section, the Merit Systems Protection Board determines that there is reason to believe that a current employee may have committed a prohibited personnel practice, the Board shall refer the matter to the Special Counsel to investigate and take appropriate action under section 1215.

(g)(1)(A) If the Board orders corrective action under this section, such corrective action may include—

(i) that the individual be placed, as nearly as possible, in the position the individual would have been in had the prohibited personnel practice not occurred; and

(ii) back pay and related benefits, medical costs incurred, travel expenses, any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages, and compensatory damages (including interest, reasonable expert witness fees, and costs).

(B) Corrective action shall include attorney's fees and costs as provided for under paragraphs (2) and (3).

(2) If an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment is the prevailing party before the Merit Systems Protection Board, and the decision is based on a finding of a prohibited personnel practice, the agency involved shall be liable to the employee, former employee, or applicant for reasonable attorney's fees and any other reasonable costs incurred.

(3) If an employee, former emloyee,1 or applicant for employment is the prevailing party in an appeal from the Merit Systems Protection Board, the agency involved shall be liable to the employee, former employee, or applicant for reasonable attorney's fees and any other reasonable costs incurred, regardless of the basis of the decision.

(4) Any corrective action ordered under this section to correct a prohibited personnel practice may include fees, costs, or damages reasonably incurred due to an agency investigation of the employee, if such investigation was commenced, expanded, or extended in retaliation for the disclosure or protected activity that formed the basis of the corrective action.

(h)(1) An employee, former employee, or applicant for employment adversely affected or aggrieved by a final order or decision of the Board under this section may obtain judicial review of the order or decision.

(2) A petition for review under this subsection shall be filed with such court, and within such time, as provided for under section 7703(b).

(i) Subsections (a) through (h) shall apply in any proceeding brought under section 7513(d) if, or to the extent that, a prohibited personnel practice as defined in section 2302(b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) is alleged.

(j) In determining the appealability of any case involving an allegation made by an individual under the provisions of this chapter, neither the status of an individual under any retirement system established under a Federal statute nor any election made by such individual under any such system may be taken into account.

(k) If the Board grants a stay under subsection (c) and the employee who is the subject of the action is in probationary status, the head of the agency employing the employee shall give priority to a request for a transfer submitted by the employee.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 29; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §§4, 8(b), Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4363, 4365; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §§101(b)(1)(A), (2)(A), 104(c)(2), 107(b), 114(b), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1465, 1468, 1469, 1472; Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §102(b), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1236; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(c)(3)(B), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1619.)

**2017**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 115–91 added subsec. (k) and struck out former subsec. (k) which read as follows: "If the Merit Systems Protection Board grants a stay to an employee in probationary status under subsection (c), the head of the agency employing the employee shall give priority to a request for a transfer submitted by the employee."

Pub. L. 115–73 added subsec. (k).

**2012**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(A), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "section 2302(b)(8)".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(A), (2)(A), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "section 2302(b)(8)" in two places and inserted "or protected activity" after "disclosure" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 112–199, §114(b), inserted ", after a finding that a protected disclosure was a contributing factor," after "ordered if".

Subsec. (g)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 112–199, §107(b), substituted "any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential damages, and compensatory damages (including interest, reasonable expert witness fees, and costs)." for "and any other reasonable and foreseeable consequential changes."

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 112–199, §104(c)(2), added par. (4).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(A), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "section 2302(b)(8)".

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 103–424, §4(a), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "At the request of an employee, former employee, or applicant for employment seeking corrective action under subsection (a), the Board may issue a subpoena for the attendance and testimony of any person or the production of documentary or other evidence from any person if the Board finds that such subpoena is necessary for the development of relevant evidence."

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103–424, §4(b), which directed the amendment of section 1221(e)(1), without specifying the Code title to be amended, by inserting at end "The employee may demonstrate that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the personnel action through circumstantial evidence, such as evidence that—

"(A) the official taking the personnel action knew of the disclosure; and

"(B) the personnel action occurred within a period of time such that a reasonable person could conclude that the disclosure was a contributing factor in the personnel action.", was executed to subsec. (e)(1) of this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 103–424, §4(c), added par. (3).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–424, §8(b), added par. (1) and redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

Subchapter effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as an Effective Date of 1989 Amendment note under section 1201 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "employee,".

Except as provided in section 1221(i), nothing in this chapter or chapter 23 shall be construed to limit any right or remedy available under a provision of statute which is outside of both this chapter and chapter 23.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §3(a)(13), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 31.)


**1998**—Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(b)(2)(A), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293, struck out item 1308 "Annual reports".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–251, §2(c)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183, substituted "Administrative law judges" for "Hearing examiners" in item 1305.

The Office of Personnel Management shall aid the President, as he may request, in preparing the rules he prescribes under this title for the administration of the competitive service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 633(1) (function of Civil Service Commission). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(1) (function of Civil Service Commission), 22 Stat. 403. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is carried into sections 2951, 3302, 3304(a), 3306(a), 3321, 7152, 7153, 7321, and 7322 of this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, subject to the rules prescribed by the President under this title for the administration of the competitive service, shall prescribe regulations for, control, supervise, and preserve the records of, examinations for the competitive service.

(b) The Office shall prescribe and enforce regulations for the administration of the provisions of this title, and Executive orders issued in furtherance thereof, that implement the Congressional policy that preference shall be given to preference eligibles in certification for appointment, and in appointment, reinstatement, reemployment, and retention, in the competitive service in Executive agencies, permanent or temporary, and in the government of the District of Columbia.

(c) The Office shall prescribe regulations for the administration of the provisions of this title that implement the Congressional policy that preference shall be given to preference eligibles in certification for appointment, and in appointment, reinstatement, reemployment, and retention, in the excepted service in Executive agencies, permanent or temporary, and in the government of the District of Columbia.

(d) The Office may prescribe reasonable procedure and regulations for the administration of its functions under chapter 15 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 633(2)7 (last 17 words), (3) (less last 10 words). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §§2(2)7 (last 17 words), (3) (less last 10 words), 22 Stat. 404. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 851 (1st 76 words), 868 (less proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §§2 (1st 76 words), 19, 58 Stat. 387, 391. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 851 (1st 76 words), 860. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §§2 (1st 76 words), 11, 58 Stat. 387, 390. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 118k(d) (1st sentence). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640 §4 "Sec. 12(d) (1st sentence)", 54 Stat. 769. |


Subsection (a) is based on former section 633(3) (less last 10 words). The regulation-making power conferred by that section covers the power conferred by former section 633(2)7 (last 17 words) which is, therefore, omitted. The requirement of notice is preserved in section 3304. The words "through its members or the examiners" are omitted as unnecessary in view of section 1104. The authority of the President to prescribe rules, based on former section 633(1) is carried into sections 2951, 3302, 3304(a), 3306(a), 3321, 7152, 7153, 7321, and 7322 of this title.

In subsections (b)–(d), the word "rules" is omitted as included in "regulations".

The provisions of the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944 (former sections 851–869) to which the regulation-making authority of subsections (b) and (c) apply are carried into sections 2108, 3305(b), 3306(a)(2), 3308–3320, 3351, 3363, 3364, and 7701, subchapter I of chapter 35, and subchapter II of chapter 75 of this title. The first 76 words of former section 851 are added here to preserve the general statement of policy in the light of which the substantive provisions that formerly comprised the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944 are to be interpreted. See *Elder *v. *Brannan, *241 U.S. 277, 286. In subsection (b), the words "in the competitive service in Executive agencies, permanent or temporary, and in the government of the District of Columbia", and in subsection (c) the words "in the excepted service in Executive agencies, permanent or temporary, and in the government of the District of Columbia" are coextensive with and substituted for "in civilian positions in all establishments, agencies, bureaus, administrations, projects, and departments of the Government, permanent or temporary, and in either (a) the classified civil service; (b) the unclassified civil service; (c) any temporary or emergency establishment, agency, bureau, administration, project, and department created by Acts of Congress or Presidential Executive order", in view of the exclusion of positions in the legislative and judicial branches by former section 869.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 10561, Sept. 13, 1954, 19 F.R. 5963, which related to official personnel folders, was revoked by section 2–201 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11397, Feb. 9, 1968, 33 F.R. 2833, formerly set out as a note under this section, which related to transitional appointments of veterans who served during the Vietnam Era, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11521, Mar. 26, 1970, 35 F.R. 5311, set out as a note under section 3302 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management, Merit Systems Protection Board, and Special Counsel may investigate and report on matters concerning—

(1) the enforcement and effect of the rules prescribed by the President under this title for the administration of the competitive service and the regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management under section 1302(a) of this title; and

(2) the action of an examiner, a board of examiners, and other employees concerning the execution of the provisions of this title that relate to the administration of the competitive service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(4), (11), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225.)

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5 U.S.C. 633(4). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(4), 22 Stat. 404. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is carried into sections 2951, 3302, 3304(a), 3306(a), 3321, 7152, 7153, 7321, and 7322 of this title.

In paragraph (2), the words "in respect to the execution of this act" are changed to "concerning the execution of the provisions of this title that relate to the administration of the competitive service" to avoid having to refer in the text to the sections of this title into which the Civil Service Act, the act referred to, is codified. These sections are: 1101, 1102, 1105, 1302(a), 1303, 1307, 1308(a)(1), 2102, 2951, 3302, 3303, 3304(a), (d), 3305(a), 3306, 3318(a), 3319(a), 3321, 7152, 7153, 7321, 7322, and 7352. The words "the provisions of this title that relate to the administration of the competitive service" will include some of the sections derived from the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944 (former sections 851–869). They are based in part on former section 860 (codified in §1302(c)). The authorization in that section to make and enforce regulations for the competitive service would include the authority to investigate and report. The words "and other employees" are substituted for "and its own subordinates, and those in the public service" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definition applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted in opening par. "Office of Personnel Management, Merit Systems Protection Board, and Special Counsel" for "Civil Service Commission" and in par. (1) "Office of Personnel Management" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall conduct the investigations and issue the reports required by the following statutes—

(1) sections 272b, 281b(e), and 290a of title 22;

(2) section 1874(c) of title 42; and

(3) section 1203(e) of title 6, District of Columbia Code.

(b) When an investigation under subsection (a) of this section develops data indicating that the loyalty of the individual being investigated is questionable, the Office shall refer the matter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a full field investigation, a report of which shall be furnished to the Office for its information and appropriate action.

(c) When the President considers it in the national interest, he may have the investigations of a group or class, which are required by subsection (a) of this section, made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation rather than the Office.

(d) The investigation and report required by subsection (a) of this section shall be made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation rather than the Office for those specific positions which the Secretary of State certifies are of a high degree of importance or sensitivity.

(e)(1) A revolving fund is available, to the Office without fiscal year limitation, for financing investigations, training, and such other functions as the Office is authorized or required to perform on a reimbursable basis, including personnel management services performed at the request of individual agencies (which would otherwise be the responsibility of such agencies), or at the request of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities, and for the cost of audits, investigations, and oversight activities, conducted by the Inspector General of the Office, of the fund and the activities financed by the fund. However, the functions which may be financed in any fiscal year by the fund are restricted to those functions which are covered by the budget estimates submitted to the Congress for that fiscal year. To the maximum extent feasible, each individual activity shall be conducted generally on an actual cost basis over a reasonable period of time.

(2) The capital of the fund consists of the aggregate of—

(A) appropriations made to provide capital for the fund, which appropriations are hereby authorized, and

(B) the sum of the fair and reasonable value of such supplies, equipment, and other assets as the Office from time to time transfers to the fund (including the amount of the unexpended balances of appropriations or funds relating to activities the financing of which is transferred to the fund) less the amount of related liabilities, the amount of unpaid obligations, and the value of accrued annual leave of employees, which are attributable to the activities the financing of which is transferred to the fund.

(3) The fund shall be credited with—

(A) advances and reimbursements from available funds of the Office or other agencies, or from other sources, for those services and supplies provided at rates estimated by the Office as adequate to recover expenses of operation (including provision for accrued annual leave of employees and depreciation of equipment); and

(B) receipts from sales or exchanges of property, and payments for loss of or damage to property, accounted for under the fund.

(4) Any unobligated and unexpended balances in the fund which the Office determines to be in excess of amounts needed for activities financed by the fund shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.

(5)(A) The Office shall prepare a business-type budget providing full disclosure of the results of operations for each of the functions performed by the Office and financed by the fund, and such budget shall be transmitted to the Congress and considered, in the manner prescribed by law for wholly owned Government corporations.

(B) Such budget shall include an estimate from the Inspector General of the Office of the amount required to pay the expenses to audit, investigate, and provide other oversight activities with respect to the fund and the activities financed by the fund.

(C) The amount requested by the Inspector General under subparagraph (B) shall not exceed .33 percent of the total budgetary authority requested by the Office under subparagraph (A).

(6) The Comptroller General of the United States shall, as a result of his periodic reviews of the activities financed by the fund, report and make such recommendations as he deems appropriate to the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of the House of Representatives.

(f) An agency may use available appropriations to reimburse the Office or the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the cost of investigations, training, and functions performed for them under this section, or to make advances toward their cost. These advances and reimbursements shall be credited directly to the applicable appropriations of the Office or the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(g) This section does not affect the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to investigate espionage, sabotage, or subversive acts.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 91–189, §1, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 851; Pub. L. 91–648, title V, §510, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1928; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–60, title II, §203(a)(2), Aug. 15, 1979, 93 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 97–412, §1(a), Jan. 3, 1983, 96 Stat. 2047; Pub. L. 98–224, §5(b)(1), Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 103–437, §3(a), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4581; Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2182, Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title IV, §421], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–343; Pub. L. 113–80, §2, Feb. 12, 2014, 128 Stat. 1006.)

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(b)–(d) | 5 U.S.C. 655. | Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, §1 (provisos), 66 Stat. 44. July 31, 1953, ch. 283, §9, 67 Stat. 241. |

(e) | 5 U.S.C. 657. | June 5, 1952, ch. 369, §701 (par. under "Civil Service Commission"), 66 Stat. 107. |

(f) | [Uncodified]. | Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, §4, 66 Stat. 44. |

(g) | 5 U.S.C. 656. | Apr. 5, 1952, ch. 159, §3, 66 Stat. 44. |


Subsection (a) is based on section 1 of the Act of April 5, 1952, as amended, and is added for clarity. In subsection (a), the reference to section 10(b)(5)(B)(i) and (B)(ii) of the Act of August 1, 1946 (60 Stat. 766) is omitted because of the amendment of the Act of April 5, 1952, by the Act of July 31, 1953, ch. 283, 67 Stat. 240, and the reenactment of the provisions of the Act of April 5, 1952, insofar as they relate to the Atomic Energy Commission as section 145 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (68 Stat. 942; 42 U.S.C. 2165). The references to section 1(2) of the Act of May 22, 1947 (61 Stat. 125), section 1 of the joint resolution of May 21, 1947 (61 Stat. 125), and section 110(c) of the Act of April 3, 1948 (62 Stat. 137) are omitted as these Acts were repealed by the Act of Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 937 §542(a) (1), (2), and (4), 68 Stat. 861. Reference to section 510 of the Mutual Security Act of 1951 (65 Stat. 381) is omitted because this section was replaced by section 531 of the Mutual Security Act of 1954 (68 Stat. 859) and the latter was repealed by the Act of Sept. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–195, §642(2), 75 Stat. 460.

In subsection (d), the references to section 10(b)(5)(B)(i) and (ii) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946, section 510 of the Mutual Security Act of 1951, a majority of the members of the Atomic Energy Commission, and the Director of Mutual Security (which was changed to Director of the International Cooperation Administration on authority of section 8 of 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 7, 67 Stat. 641, and Executive Order 10610 of May 9, 1955) are omitted because of the disposition of the two sections as explained with reference to subsection (a).

In subsection (e), the words "There is established" are omitted as executed.

In subsection (g), the reference to statutes other than this section is omitted because nothing in those statutes affect the responsibility in question.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 1874(c) of title 42, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), which related to clearance of National Science Foundation personnel, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–516, §21(b)(1), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3010.

**2014**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 113–80, §2(1), inserted ", and for the cost of audits, investigations, and oversight activities, conducted by the Inspector General of the Office, of the fund and the activities financed by the fund" before period at end of first sentence.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 113–80, §2(2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

**1996**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–208 inserted ", including personnel management services performed at the request of individual agencies (which would otherwise be the responsibility of such agencies), or at the request of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities" before period at end of first sentence.

**1995**—Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out before period at end "at least once every three years".

**1994**—Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of the House" for "Committees on Post Office and Civil Service of the Senate and House".

**1984**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 98–224 struck out cl. (i) designation and struck out cl. (ii) which provided that participation fees imposed by the President's Commission on Executive Exchange for private sector participation in its Executive Exchange Program be collected and credited to the fund, and be available for the costs of education and related travel of exchanged executives, for printing without regard to section 501 of title 44, and, in such amounts as specified in appropriations Acts, for entertainment expenses. See section 4109(d) of this title.

**1983**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 97–412 designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–60 struck out reference to section 1434 of title 22.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (f). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

**1971**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–648 struck out in par. (1) "of $4,000,000" after "revolving fund" and inserted in par. (2)(A) ", which appropriations are hereby authorized".

**1969**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–189, §1(a), increased the scope of reimbursable services for which the fund may be used, restricted reimbursement to services which were included in the budget estimates submitted to Congress for that fiscal year, inserted a list of components which comprise the fund, specifically listed those items that would be credited directly to the capital fund, required that a budget be prepared by the Commission, and directed the Comptroller General as a result of the activities financed to make recommendations to the committees on Post Office and Civil Service of the Senate and House of Representatives at least once every three years.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–189, §1(b), authorized an agency to use available appropriations to reimburse the Commission or the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the cost of training and functions performed.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Pub. L. 97–412, §1(b), Jan. 3, 1983, 96 Stat. 2047, provided that: "The authority granted in subsection (a) [amending this section] shall terminate on December 31, 1983."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–60 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 209 of Pub. L. 96–60, set out as a note under section 1471 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of House of Representatives abolished by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995. References to Committee on Post Office and Civil Service treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, see section 1(b) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

For the purpose of sections 3105, 3344, 4301(2)(D), and 5372 of this title and the provisions of section 5335(a)(B) of this title that relate to administrative law judges, the Office of Personnel Management may, and for the purpose of section 7521 of this title, the Merit Systems Protection Board may investigate, prescribe regulations, appoint advisory committees as necessary, recommend legislation, subpena witnesses and records, and pay witness fees as established for the courts of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(3), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), (b)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(B)(iii), title IX, §906(a)(12), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, 1225; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(4), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346; Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(a), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1010 (5th sentence). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §11 (5th sentence), 60 Stat. 244. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 1305 to correct a typographical error.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–362 struck out "require reports by agencies, issue reports, including an annual report to Congress," after "may investigate,".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "sections 3105" for "section 3105".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted provisions respecting functions pursuant to specified sections of this title of the Office of Personnel Management and the Merit Systems Protection Board for provisions respecting the functions pursuant to specified sections of this title of the Civil Service Commission.

Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "Administrative law judges" for "Hearing examiners" in section catchline and "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners" in text.

Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(B)(iii) of Pub. L. 95–454 substituting "5372" for "5362" effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(12) of Pub. L. 95–454 respecting functions of the Office and the Board effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, excluding committees composed wholly of full-time officers or employees of the Federal Government, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 1013 of this title.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management and authorized representatives of the Director may administer oaths to witnesses in matters pending before the Office.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(13), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 634. | Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §1 (last par. under "Civil Service Commission"), 37 Stat. 372. | |

[Uncodified]. | 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §2(c), eff. Aug. 19, 1949, 63 Stat. 1069. |


The section is rewritten to reflect expansion of authority of the Commission to include its Chairman under section 2(c) of 1949 Reorg. Plan No. 5.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted provisions respecting powers of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in administering oaths in matters before the Office for provisions respecting powers of the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission and each Commissioner in administering oaths in matters before the Commission.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Civil Service Commission shall keep minutes of its proceedings.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 402.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 633(3) (last 10 words). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(3) (last 10 words), 22 Stat. 404. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission transferred to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified) by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, §102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of this title, effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 402; Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §104, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 93–156, Nov. 21, 1973, 87 Stat. 623; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(3), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §121, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2241, required annual reports on operation of subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title and chapters 87 and 89 of this title.


The head of each agency referred to under paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 901(b) of title 31 shall appoint or designate a Chief Human Capital Officer, who shall—

(1) advise and assist the head of the agency and other agency officials in carrying out the agency's responsibilities for selecting, developing, training, and managing a high-quality, productive workforce in accordance with merit system principles;

(2) implement the rules and regulations of the President and the Office of Personnel Management and the laws governing the civil service within the agency; and

(3) carry out such functions as the primary duty of the Chief Human Capital Officer.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1302(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2287.)

Chapter effective 180 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 1305 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 1103 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1303, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2288, as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXVI, §6604, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2441, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, who shall act as chairperson of the Council;

"(2) the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget, who shall act as vice chairperson of the Council; and

"(3) the Chief Human Capital Officers of Executive departments and any other members who are designated by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) A description of the activities of the Council.

"(B) A description of employment barriers that prevent the agencies of its members from hiring qualified applicants, including those for digital talent positions, and recommendations for addressing the barriers that would allow such agencies to more effectively hire qualified applicants.

"(2)

(a) The functions of each Chief Human Capital Officer shall include—

(1) setting the workforce development strategy of the agency;

(2) assessing workforce characteristics and future needs based on the agency's mission and strategic plan;

(3) aligning the agency's human resources policies and programs with organization mission, strategic goals, and performance outcomes;

(4) developing and advocating a culture of continuous learning to attract and retain employees with superior abilities;

(5) identifying best practices and benchmarking studies,1 and

(6) applying methods for measuring intellectual capital and identifying links of that capital to organizational performance and growth.

(b) In addition to the authority otherwise provided by this section, each agency Chief Human Capital Officer—

(1) shall have access to all records, reports, audits, reviews, documents, papers, recommendations, or other material that—

(A) are the property of the agency or are available to the agency; and

(B) relate to programs and operations with respect to which that agency Chief Human Capital Officer has responsibilities under this chapter; and

(2) may request such information or assistance as may be necessary for carrying out the duties and responsibilities provided by this chapter from any Federal, State, or local governmental entity.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1302(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2288.)

1 So in original. The comma probably should be a semicolon.


**1974**—Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, §401(b)(2), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1290, substituted "candidacies" for "political activity" in item 1503.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "State" means a State or territory or possession of the United States;

(2) "State or local agency" means the executive branch of a State, municipality, or other political subdivision of a State, or an agency or department thereof, or the executive branch of the District of Columbia, or an agency or department thereof;

(3) "Federal agency" means an Executive agency or other agency of the United States, but does not include a member bank of the Federal Reserve System; and

(4) "State or local officer or employee" means an individual employed by a State or local agency whose principal employment is in connection with an activity which is financed in whole or in part by loans or grants made by the United States or a Federal agency, but does not include—

(A) an individual who exercises no functions in connection with that activity; or

(B) an individual employed by an educational or research institution, establishment, agency, or system which is supported in whole or in part by—

(i) a State or political subdivision thereof;

(ii) the District of Columbia; or

(iii) a recognized religious, philanthropic, or cultural organization.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, §401(c), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1290; Pub. L. 112–230, §3(a), (b), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1616.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(1) | 5 U.S.C. 118k–2. | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 19", 54 Stat. 772. |

(2), (3) | 5 U.S.C. 118k(f). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(f)", 54 Stat. 770. |

(4) | 5 U.S.C. 118k(a) (1st 41 words), (e). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec 12(a) (1st 41 words), (e)", 54 Stat. 767, 770. |

5 U.S.C. 118k–1 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 118k). | Oct. 24, 1942, ch. 620 "Sec. 21 (as applicable to §12 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1939; added July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4, 54 Stat. 767)", 56 Stat. 986. | |

(5) | 5 U.S.C. 118l (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 118k). |
July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 15 (as applicable to §12 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1939; added July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4, 54 Stat. 767)", 54 Stat. 771. |


In paragraph (4)(B), the words "or by any Territory or Territorial possession of the United States" are omitted in view of the definition of "State" in paragraph (1).

In paragraph (5), the words "July 19, 1940" are substituted for "at the time this section takes effect".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2012**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 112–230, §3(a), inserted ", or the executive branch of the District of Columbia, or an agency or department thereof" before semicolon at end.

Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 112–230, §3(b), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "an individual employed by an educational or research institution, establishment, agency, or system which is supported in whole or in part by a State or political subdivision thereof, or by a recognized religious, philanthropic, or cultural organization."

**1974**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 93–443 struck out par. (5) which defined "an active part in political management or in political campaigns".

Pub. L. 112–230, §5(a), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617, provided that: This Act [see Short Title of 2012 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2012]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 30101 of Title 52, Voting and Elections.

(a) A State or local officer or employee may not—

(1) use his official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering with or affecting the result of an election or a nomination for office;

(2) directly or indirectly coerce, attempt to coerce, command, or advise a State or local officer or employee to pay, lend, or contribute anything of value to a party, committee, organization, agency, or person for political purposes; or

(3) if the salary of the employee is paid completely, directly or indirectly, by loans or grants made by the United States or a Federal agency, be a candidate for elective office.

(b) A State or local officer or employee retains the right to vote as he chooses and to express his opinions on political subjects and candidates.

(c) Subsection (a)(3) of this section does not apply to—

(1) the Governor or Lieutenant Governor of a State or an individual authorized by law to act as Governor;

(2) the mayor of a city;

(3) a duly elected head of an executive department of a State, municipality, or the District of Columbia who is not classified under a State, municipal, or the District of Columbia merit or civil-service system; or

(4) an individual holding elective office.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, §401(a), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1290; Pub. L. 112–230, §§2, 3(c), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1616.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 118k(a) (less 1st 41 words). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(a) (less 1st 41 words)", 54 Stat. 767. |


In subsection (a), the term "State or local officer or employee", defined in section 1501, is substituted for the first 41 words of former section 118k(a). The words "any part of his salary or compensation" are omitted as included in "anything of value".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2012**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–230, §2, amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "be a candidate for elective office."

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 112–230, §3(c), which directed the substitution of ", municipality, or the District of Columbia' " for " 'or municipality" and ", municipal, or the District of Columbia' " for " 'or municipal", was executed by substituting ", municipality, or the District of Columbia" for "or municipality" and ", municipal, or the District of Columbia" for "or municipal", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–443 substituted "be a candidate for elective office" for "take an active part in political management or in political campaigns".

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–230 effective 30 days after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 112–230, set out as a note under section 1501 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 30101 of Title 52, Voting and Elections.

Section 1502(a)(3) of this title does not prohibit any State or local officer or employee from being a candidate in any election if none of the candidates is to be nominated or elected at such election as representing a party any of whose candidates for Presidential elector received votes in the last preceding election at which Presidential electors were selected.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 93–443, title IV, §401(b)(1), Oct. 15, 1974, 88 Stat. 1290.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 118n (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 118k(a)). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 18 (as applicable to §12 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1939; added July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4, 54 Stat. 767)", 54 Stat. 772. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–443 substituted "candidacies" for "political activity" in section catchline and provision permitting nonpartisan candidacies for prior provision permitting political activity in connection with (1) an election and the preceding campaign if none of the candidates was to be nominated or elected at that election as representing a party any of whose candidates for presidential elector received votes in the last preceding election at which presidential electors were selected, or (2) a question which was not specifically identified with a National or State political party and deeming questions relating to constitutional amendments, referendums, approval of municipal ordinances, and others of a similar character as not specifically identified with a National or State political party.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–443 effective Jan. 1, 1975, see section 410(a) of Pub. L. 93–443, set out as a note under section 30101 of Title 52, Voting and Elections.

When a Federal agency charged with the duty of making a loan or grant of funds of the United States for use in an activity by a State or local officer or employee has reason to believe that the officer or employee has violated section 1502 of this title, it shall report the matter to the Special Counsel. On receipt of the report or on receipt of other information which seems to the Special Counsel to warrant an investigation, the Special Counsel shall investigate the report and such other information and present his findings and any charges based on such findings to the Merit Systems Protection Board, which shall—

(1) fix a time and place for a hearing; and

(2) send, by registered or certified mail, to the officer or employee charged with the violation and to the State or local agency employing him a notice setting forth a summary of the alleged violation and giving the time and place of the hearing.

The hearing may not be held earlier than 10 days after the mailing of the notice.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(7), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118k(b) (1st and 2d sentences, and 4th through 17th words of 3d sentence). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640 §4 "Sec. 12(b) (1st and 2d sentences, and 4th through 17th words of 3d sentence)", 54 Stat. 768. June 11, 1960, Pub. L. 86–507, §1(1), 74 Stat. 200. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted provisions respecting the functions of the Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board for provisions respecting the functions of the Civil Service Commission.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Either the State or local officer or employee or the State or local agency employing him, or both, are entitled to appear with counsel at the hearing under section 1504 of this title, and be heard. After this hearing, the Merit Systems Protection Board shall—

(1) determine whether a violation of section 1502 of this title has occurred;

(2) determine whether the violation warrants the removal of the officer or employee from his office or employment; and

(3) notify the officer or employee and the agency of the determination by registered or certified mail.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(6), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 118k(b) (3d sentence, less 4th, through 17th words, and 4th sentence). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(b) (3d sentence, less 4th through 17th words, and 4th sentence)", 54 Stat. 768. June 11, 1960, Pub. L. 86–507, §1(1), 74 Stat. 200. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) When the Merit Systems Protection Board finds—

(1) that a State or local officer or employee has not been removed from his office or employment within 30 days after notice of a determination by the Board that he has violated section 1502 of this title and that the violation warrants removal; or

(2) that the State or local officer or employee has been removed and has been appointed within 18 months after his removal to an office or employment in the same State (or in the case of the District of Columbia, in the District of Columbia) in a State or local agency which does not receive loans or grants from a Federal agency;

the Board shall make and certify to the appropriate Federal agency an order requiring that agency to withhold from its loans or grants to the State or local agency to which notice was given an amount equal to 2 years' pay at the rate the officer or employee was receiving at the time of the violation. When the State or local agency to which appointment within 18 months after removal has been made is one that receives loans or grants from a Federal agency, the Board order shall direct that the withholding be made from that State or local agency.

(b) Notice of the order shall be sent by registered or certified mail to the State or local agency from which the amount is ordered to be withheld. After the order becomes final, the Federal agency to which the order is certified shall withhold the amount in accordance with the terms of the order. Except as provided by section 1508 of this title, a determination or order of the Board becomes final at the end of 30 days after mailing the notice of the determination or order.

(c) The Board may not require an amount to be withheld from a loan or grant pledged by a State or local agency as security for its bonds or notes if the withholding of that amount would jeopardize the payment of the principal or interest on the bonds or notes.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(6), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 112–230, §3(d), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1616.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118k(b) (less 1st 4 sentences). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(b) (less 1st 4 sentences)", 54 Stat. 768. June 11, 1960, Pub. L. 86–507, §1(1), 74 Stat. 200. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2012**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–230 inserted "(or in the case of the District of Columbia, in the District of Columbia)" after "the same State".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Board" for "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Board" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–230 effective 30 days after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 112–230, set out as a note under section 1501 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Merit Systems Protection Board may require by subpena the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence relating to any matter before it as a result of this chapter. Any member of the Board may sign subpenas, and members of the Board and its examiners when authorized by the Board may administer oaths, examine witnesses, and receive evidence. The attendance of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence may be required from any place in the United States at the designated place of hearing. In case of disobedience to a subpena, the Board may invoke the aid of a court of the United States in requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary evidence. In case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpena issued to a person, the United States District Court within whose jurisdiction the inquiry is carried on may issue an order requiring him to appear before the Board, or to produce documentary evidence if so ordered, or to give evidence concerning the matter in question; and any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof.

(b) The Board may order testimony to be taken by deposition at any stage of a proceeding or investigation before it as a result of this chapter. Depositions may be taken before an individual designated by the Board and having the power to administer oaths. Testimony shall be reduced to writing by the individual taking the deposition, or under his direction, and shall be subscribed by the deponent. Any person may be compelled to appear and depose and to produce documentary evidence before the Board as provided by this section.

(c) A person may not be excused from attending and testifying or from producing documentary evidence or in obedience to a subpena on the ground that the testimony or evidence, documentary or otherwise, required of him may tend to incriminate him or subject him to a penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter, or thing concerning which he is compelled to testify, or produce evidence, documentary or otherwise, before the Board in obedience to a subpena issued by it. A person so testifying is not exempt from prosecution and punishment for perjury committed in so testifying.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(6), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118k(d) (less 1st sentence). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(d) (less 1st sentence)", 54 Stat. 769. |


In subsection (a), the word "affirmation" is omitted as included in "oath" on authority of section 1 of title 1, United States Code. The title of the court is changed to conform to title 28.

In subsection (c), the prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" and "Board" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Board" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

A party aggrieved by a determination or order of the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 1504, 1505, or 1506 of this title may, within 30 days after the mailing of notice of the determination or order, institute proceedings for review thereof by filing a petition in the United States District Court for the district in which the State or local officer or employee resides. The institution of the proceedings does not operate as a stay of the determination or order unless—

(1) the court specifically orders a stay; and

(2) the officer or employee is suspended from his office or employment while the proceedings are pending.

A copy of the petition shall immediately be served on the Board, and thereupon the Board shall certify and file in the court a transcript of the record on which the determination or order was made. The court shall review the entire record including questions of fact and questions of law. If application is made to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence, and it is shown to the satisfaction of the court that the additional evidence may materially affect the result of the proceedings and that there were reasonable grounds for failure to adduce this evidence in the hearing before the Board, the court may direct that the additional evidence be taken before the Board in the manner and on the terms and conditions fixed by the court. The Board may modify its findings of fact or its determination or order in view of the additional evidence and shall file with the court the modified findings, determination, or order; and the modified findings of fact, if supported by substantial evidence, are conclusive. The court shall affirm the determination or order, or the modified determination or order, if the court determines that it is in accordance with law. If the court determines that the determination or order, or the modified determination or order, is not in accordance with law, the court shall remand the proceeding to the Board with directions either to make a determination or order determined by the court to be lawful or to take such further proceedings as, in the opinion of the court, the law requires. The judgment and decree of the court are final, subject to review by the appropriate United States Court of Appeals as in other cases, and the judgment and decree of the court of appeals are final, subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States on certiorari or certification as provided by section 1254 of title 28. If a provision of this section is held to be invalid as applied to a party by a determination or order of the Board, the determination or order becomes final and effective as to that party as if the provision had not been enacted.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(6), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118k(c). | July 19, 1940, ch. 640, §4 "Sec. 12(c)", 54 Stat. 768. |


Sections 346 and 347 of title 28 referred to in former section 118k(c) were repealed by the Act of June 25, 1948, ch. 646, §39, 62 Stat. 862, and are now covered by section 1254 of title 28. The titles of the courts are changed to conform to title 28.

In the reference to filing a written petition, "written" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" and "Board" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.












**2021**—Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5312(c), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2365, which directed amendment of the analysis at the beginning of title 5 by inserting item for chapter 103, was executed by making the amendment to this analysis to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1608, added item for chapter 92.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–113, div. M, title III, §306(a)(2), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2916, added items for subpart J and chapter 110.

Pub. L. 114–47, §2(b), Aug. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 487, added item for chapter 96.

**2011**—Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1101(d)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1610, added item for chapter 99 and struck out former item for chapter 99 "Department of Defense National Security Personnel System".

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–292, §2(b)(1), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3170, added item for chapter 65.

Pub. L. 111–282, §4(c)(3), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3044, added item for chapter 102.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(b), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1416, added item for chapter 101.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–496, §4, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4010, added items for chapters 89A and 89B.

Pub. L. 108–201, §3(b), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 477, added item for chapter 98.

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §§1101(a)(2), 1129(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1633, 1645, added items for chapters 54 and 99.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(3), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2930, added item for chapter 37.

Pub. L. 107–296, title VIII, §841(a)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2233, added item for chapter 97.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(A), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2399, added item for chapter 48.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(f)(1)(B)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–282, substituted "and Other Purposes" for "Purposes" in item for chapter 91.

Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(b), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 769, added item for chapter 90.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 719, added items for subpart I and chapter 95.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(2), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, struck out item for chapter 54 "Performance Management and Recognition System".

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 588, added item for chapter 84.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–169, title VIII, §801(b), Dec. 4, 1985, 99 Stat. 1010, added items for subpart H and chapter 91.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3214, substituted "Performance Management and Recognition System" for "Merit Pay and Cash Awards" in item for chapter 54.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(b)(1), title II, §203(b), title V, §503(i), title VI, §601(b), title VII, §703(b), title IX, §906(c)(5), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1118, 1134, 1184, 1188, 1217, 1227, added items for chapters 23, 34, 47, 54, and 72, substituted in item for chapter 43 "Appraisal" for "Rating" and in item for chapter 71 "Labor-Management Relations" for "Policies", and inserted in heading of subpart F "Labor-Management and" before "Employee".

1 Chapter heading amended by Pub. L. 107–296 without corresponding amendment of part analysis.

2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

3 So in original. The period probably should not appear.


**2011**—Pub. L. 112–56, title II, §235(a)(2)(B), Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 723, added item 2108a.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–347, §1(d), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150, substituted "controller; Secretary" for "controller" in item 2109.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §401(e), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154, added item 2101a.

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–297, §1(b), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 141, added item 2109.

For the purpose of this title—

(1) the "civil service" consists of all appointive positions in the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the Government of the United States, except positions in the uniformed services;

(2) "armed forces" means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and Coast Guard; and

(3) "uniformed services" means the armed forces, the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, and the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 408; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(4), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(4), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §927(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3831.)

The section is supplied to establish basis of reference to employees in this title.

This section amends various sections [§§2101, 4102, 4109, 5541, 8101] of title 5, United States Code, to reflect 1965 Reorganization Plan No. 2 (79 Stat. 1318), effective July 13, 1965, which consolidated the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau to form a new agency in the Department of Commerce to be known as the Environmental Science Services Administration.

**2021**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 116–283 inserted "Space Force," after "Marine Corps".

**1979**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "National Oceanic and Atmospheric" for "Environmental Science Services".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–339, §1, Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3182, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 3330a to 3330c of this title, section 1316a of Title 2, The Congress, section 115 of Title 3, The President, and section 1354 of Title 31, Money and Finance, amending sections 2108, 2302, and 3304 of this title and section 4212 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, repealing section 1599c of Title 10, Armed Forces, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2302 of this title and section 601 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 106 of Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the 'Veterans Employment Opportunities Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 103–226, §1, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 111, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3381, 4101, 4103, 4105, 4107, 4108, 4113, 4118, 5597, 8351, 8433 to 8435, 8437, 8440a to 8440d of this title and section 1206 of Title 45, Railroads, repealing sections 4106 and 4114 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3101, 3381, 5597, 8331, and 8351 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 403–4 of Title 50, War and National Defense] may be cited as the 'Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–335, provided that: "This section [amending sections 2105, 3502, 5334, 5335, 5365, 5551, 6308, 6312, 8331, 8347, 8401, 8461, and 8901 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2105 of this title] may be cited as the 'Portability of Benefits for Nonappropriated Fund Employees Act of 1990'."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7301, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–341, provided that: "For purposes of section 202 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Reaffirmation Act of 1987 [probably means section 202 of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987, Pub. L. 100–119, which was formerly classified to section 909 of Title 2, The Congress], this title and the amendments made by this title [amending sections 552a, 2105, 3502, 5334, 5335, 5365, 5551, 6308, 6312, 8331, 8334, 8339, 8342, 8343a, 8347, 8348, 8401, 8420a, 8461, 8901, 8902, 8904, 8906, 8909, and 8910 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 552a, 2105, 8334, 8343a, 8348, 8902, 8904, and 8906 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 8343a and 8906 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 8343a and 8348 of this title] shall be considered an exception under subsection (b) of such section."

The "Senior Executive Service" consists of Senior Executive Service positions (as defined in section 3132(a)(2) of this title).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §401(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) The "competitive service" consists of—

(1) all civil service positions in the executive branch, except—

(A) positions which are specifically excepted from the competitive service by or under statute;

(B) positions to which appointments are made by nomination for confirmation by the Senate, unless the Senate otherwise directs; and

(C) positions in the Senior Executive Service;

(2) civil service positions not in the executive branch which are specifically included in the competitive service by statute; and

(3) positions in the government of the District of Columbia which are specifically included in the competitive service by statute.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section, the "competitive service" includes positions to which appointments are made by nomination for confirmation by the Senate when specifically included therein by statute.

(c) As used in other Acts of Congress, "classified civil service" or "classified service" means the "competitive service".

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 408; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §401(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 638 (less applicability to appointment and promotion). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §7 (less applicability to appointment and promotion), 22 Stat. 406. |


Subsection (a) is restated in the form of a definition.

Subsection (a)(1) is based on former section 638, which placed positions in the executive branch of the Government generally in the competitive service by the requirement that employment be predicated on passing an examination or being exempted from examination, and section 1 of the Act of Nov. 26, 1940, ch. 919, title I, 54 Stat. 1211 (see table III), which authorized the President, subject to certain exceptions, to place in the classified civil service positions in the Executive departments, independent establishments, and other agencies of the Government. In that Act the word "executive" has been construed to modify "departments", "independent establishments"; and "other agency". This construction is supported by the language of the Act of Jan. 16, 1883, and is embodied in Civil Service Rule I. Acting under this statute, the President has placed all but a comparatively few of the positions covered by the Act of Nov. 26, 1940, in the competitive service. The remainder are covered by the exceptions contained in the Civil Service Rules and Regulations. The authority of the President conferred by the Act of Nov. 26, 1940, has been superseded in part by exceptions created by statutes enacted after that date. The effect of these exceptions and the power conferred on the President by former section 633(2)8 (last sentence) to make exceptions to the Civil Service Rules are preserved by the words "positions which are specifically excepted from the competitive service by or under statute".

In subsection (a)(1)(B), the words "or to pass an examination" are omitted as covered by the exclusion from the "competitive service".

Subsection (a)(2) preserves the exception stated in former section 638 modified to recognize the several statutory exceptions to this exception that have been enacted. The language of former section 638 relative to examination is codified in sections 3304(b) and 3361. The reference to veterans' preference is omitted because the statute referred to, R.S. §1754, was superseded by sections 3 and 21 of the Act of June 18, 1929, ch. 28, 46 Stat. 21. Section 3 of the Act of June 18, 1929, was superseded by the Act of June 27, 1944, ch. 287, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which is carried into this title. Rights preserved by section 18 of the Act of June 27, 1944, are further preserved by technical section 8. The exception for laborers and workmen was superseded by the Act of Nov. 26, 1940.

Subsection (b) is added because of the provisions in section 3311 of title 39.

Subsection (c) is supplied for conformity inasmuch as the terms are coextensive by definition.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 95–454 added cl. (C).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this title, the "excepted service" consists of those civil service positions which are not in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service.

(b) As used in other Acts of Congress, "unclassified civil service" or "unclassified service" means the "excepted service".

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 408; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §401(c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154.)

The section is supplied for convenience. The "excepted service" has come to mean all employees not in the competitive service, for whatever reason.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted reference to Senior Executive Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this title, "officer", except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means a justice or judge of the United States and an individual who is—

(1) required by law to be appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—

(A) the President;

(B) a court of the United States;

(C) the head of an Executive agency; or

(D) the Secretary of a military department;

(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and

(3) subject to the supervision of an authority named by paragraph (1) of this section, or the Judicial Conference of the United States, while engaged in the performance of the duties of his office.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by law, an officer of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Regulatory Commission is deemed not an officer for purposes of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 408; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(3), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241.)

The section is supplied for convenience.

**2006**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(3)(A), (B), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and inserted in introductory text "as otherwise provided by this section or" after "except".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(3)(C), added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

(a) For the purpose of this title, "employee", except as otherwise provided by this section or when specifically modified, means an officer and an individual who is—

(1) appointed in the civil service by one of the following acting in an official capacity—

(A) the President;

(B) a Member or Members of Congress, or the Congress;

(C) a member of a uniformed service;

(D) an individual who is an employee under this section;

(E) the head of a Government controlled corporation; or

(F) an adjutant general designated by the Secretary concerned under section 709(c) of title 32;

(2) engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; and

(3) subject to the supervision of an individual named by paragraph (1) of this subsection while engaged in the performance of the duties of his position.

(b) An individual who is employed at the United States Naval Academy in the midshipmen's laundry, the midshipmen's tailor shop, the midshipmen's cobbler and barber shops, and the midshipmen's store, except an individual employed by the Academy dairy (if any), and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date is deemed an employee.

(c) An employee paid from nonappropriated funds of the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Navy Ships Stores Program, Navy exchanges, Marine Corps exchanges, Coast Guard exchanges, and other instrumentalities of the United States under the jurisdiction of the armed forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the armed forces is deemed not an employee for the purpose of—

(1) laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, except—

(A) section 7204;

(B) as otherwise specifically provided in this title;

(C) the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938;

(D) for the purpose of entering into an interchange agreement to provide for the noncompetitive movement of employees between such instrumentalities and the competitive service; or

(E) subchapter V of chapter 63, which shall be applied so as to construe references to benefit programs to refer to applicable programs for employees paid from nonappropriated funds; or

(2) subchapter I of chapter 81, chapter 84 (except to the extent specifically provided therein), and section 7902 of this title.

This subsection does not affect the status of these nonappropriated fund activities as Federal instrumentalities.

(d) A Reserve of the armed forces who is not on active duty or who is on active duty for training is deemed not an employee or an individual holding an office of trust or profit or discharging an official function under or in connection with the United States because of his appointment, oath, or status, or any duties or functions performed or pay or allowances received in that capacity.

(e) Except as otherwise provided by law, an employee of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Regulatory Commission is deemed not an employee for purposes of this title.

(f) For purposes of sections 1212, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1216, 1221, 1222, 2302, and 7701, employees appointed under chapter 73 or 74 of title 38 shall be employees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 409; Pub. L. 90–486, §4, Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 757; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(4), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; Pub. L. 92–392, §2, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(c)(2), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217, 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(5), (6), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 99–638, §2(b)(1), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3536; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–335; Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(b), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 103–424, §7, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4364; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title III, §370(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2499; Pub. L. 105–85, div. B, title XXVIII, §2871(c)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2015; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title VI, §642, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 787.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(b) | [Uncodified]. | Aug. 5, 1939, ch. 448, §2, 53 Stat. 1210. |

[Uncodified]. | Dec. 3, 1945, ch. 510, §2, 59 Stat. 590. | |

[Uncodified]. | Dec. 28, 1945, ch. 593, §2, 59 Stat. 660. | |

[Uncodified]. | Dec. 28, 1945, ch. 594, §2, 59 Stat. 660. | |

[Uncodified]. | July 26, 1946, ch. 675, §2 (last proviso), 60 Stat. 704. | |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 150k. | June 19, 1952, ch. 444, §1, 66 Stat. 138. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 30r(d). | Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §29(d), 70A Stat. 632. |


Subsection (a) is supplied to avoid the necessity of defining "employee" each time it appears in this title. The subsection is based on a definition worked out independently by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of Labor and in use by both for more than a decade.

In subsection (b), the provisions of the source statutes which relate to credit for prior service and diminution of pay are executed, or, insofar as to be executed preserved by technical section 8.

In subsection (d), the words "officer or" are omitted as included within "employee".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§201 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 201 of Title 29 and Tables.

**2013**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–66 substituted "Navy Ships Stores Program" for "Army and Air Force Motion Picture Service, Navy Ship's Stores Ashore" in introductory provisions.

**2006**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**1997**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–85 inserted "(if any)" after "Academy dairy".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–201 inserted "who is" after "An individual" and "and whose employment in such a position began before October 1, 1996, and has been uninterrupted in such a position since that date" after "Academy dairy,".

**1994**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–424 added subsec. (f).

**1993**—Subsec. (c)(1)(E). Pub. L. 103–3 added subpar. (E).

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(b)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "laws (other than subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title, subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title to the extent provided in section 8332(b)(16) of this title, and sections 5550 and 7204 of this title) administered by the Office of Personnel Management; or".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(b)(2), inserted "(except to the extent specifically provided therein)" after "chapter 84".

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–638 inserted "of this title, subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title to the extent provided in section 8332(b)(16) of this title,".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–335 substituted "chapter 81, chapter 84," for "chapter 81".

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(5), substituted "an adjutant" for "the adjutants" and struck out ", United States Code" after "32".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(6), amended subsec. (c)(1) in same manner as amendment by section 703(c)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454. See 1978 Amendment note set out below.

**1978**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "7204" for "7154", and "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission". Amendments by section 703(c)(1) and (c)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 appear to have been inadvertently reversed. Subsec. (c)(1) purported to amend subsec. (c)(1) of this section, and subsec. (c)(2) purported to amend section 3302(2) of this title. However, the amendments specified by Pub. L. 95–454, §703(c)(1) and (2), were impossible to execute literally. Thus, the amendment by Pub. L. 95–454, §703(c)(2) was executed to this section, and the amendment by section 703(c)(1) was executed to section 3302(2) of this title as the probable intent of Congress.

**1972**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 92–392 substituted "laws (other than subchapter IV of chapter 53 and sections 5550 and 7154 of this title)" for "laws".

**1970**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–375 added subsec. (e).

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 90–486 added subpar. (F).

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title III, §370(e), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2499, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 6971 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and repealing section 6970 of Title 10] shall take effect on October 1, 1996."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–3 effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(m), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–339, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 3502, 5334, 5335, 5365, 5551, 6308, 6312, 8331, 8347, 8401, 8461, and 8901 of this title] shall apply with respect to any individual who, on or after January 1, 1987—

"(A) moves without a break in service of more than 3 days from employment in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard that is described in section 2105(c) of title 5, United States Code, to employment in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is not described in such section 2105(c); or

"(B) moves without a break in service from employment in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard that is not described in such section 2105(c) to employment in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is described in such section 2105(c).

"(2) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, as applicable, shall take such actions as may be practicable to ensure that each individual who has moved as described under paragraph (1) on or after January 1, 1987, and before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], receives the benefit of the amendments made by this section as if such amendments had been in effect at the time such individual so moved. Each such individual who wishes to make an election of retirement coverage under the amendments made by subsection (j) or (k) of this section [amending sections 8331, 8347, 8401, and 8461 of this title] shall complete such election within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 effective Jan. 1, 1968, except that no deductions or withholding from salary which result therefrom shall commence before the first day of the first pay period that begins on or after Jan. 1, 1968, see section 11 of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(n), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–340, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §5(a)(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358, provided that:

"(1) For the purpose of this section [amending this section and sections 3502, 5334, 5335, 5365, 5551, 6308, 6312, 8331, 8347, 8401, 8461, and 8901 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 2101 of this title], the term 'nonappropriated fund instrumentality' means a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, described in section 2105(c) of title 5, United States Code.

"(2)(A) If an individual makes an election under section 8347(q)(1) of title 5, United States Code, to remain covered by subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title, any nonappropriated fund instrumentality thereafter employing such individual shall deduct from such individual's pay and contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund such sums as are required for such individual in accordance with section 8351 of such title.

"(B) Notwithstanding subsection (a) or (b) of section 8432 of title 5, United States Code, any individual who, as of the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990], becomes eligible to make an election under section 8347(q)(1) of such title may, within 30 days after such individual makes an election thereunder in accordance with subsection (m)(2) [set out as a note above], make any election described in section 8432(b)(1)(A) of such title.

"(3)(A) If an individual makes an election under section 8461(n)(1) of title 5, United States Code, to remain covered by chapter 84 of such title, any nonappropriated fund instrumentality thereafter employing such individual shall deduct from such individual's pay and shall contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund the funds deducted, together with such other sums as are required for such individual under subchapter III of such chapter.

"(B) Notwithstanding subsection (a) or (b) of section 8432 of title 5, United States Code, any individual who, as of the date of enactment of this Act, becomes eligible to make an election under section 8461(n)(1) of such title may, within 30 days after such individual makes an election thereunder in accordance with subsection (m)(2), make any election described in section 8432(b)(1)(A) of such title.

"(4) If an individual makes an election under section 8347(q)(2) or 8461(n)(2) of title 5, United States Code, to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c) of such title, any Government agency thereafter employing such individual shall, in lieu of any deductions or contributions for which it would otherwise be responsible with respect to such individual under chapter 83 or 84 of such title, make such deductions from pay and such contributions as would be required (under the retirement system for nonappropriated fund employees involved) if it were a nonappropriated fund instrumentality. Any such deductions and contributions shall be remitted to the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, as applicable, for transmission to the appropriate retirement system."

[Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 to section 7202(n) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out above, effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.]

Amendments by Pub. L. 92–392 not to decrease basic pay rate of subsec. (c) employees in service before effective date of the amendments as to such employees, see section 9(a)(2) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5343 of this title.

For the purpose of this title, "Member of Congress" means the Vice President, a member of the Senate or the House of Representatives, a Delegate to the House of Representatives, and the Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 409; Pub. L. 91–405, title II, §204(b), Sept. 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 852; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(7), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity of defining "Member of Congress" each time the term is used in this title.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "to the House of Representatives" for "from the District of Columbia".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–405 included Delegate from District of Columbia.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–405 effective Sept. 22, 1970, see section 206(b) of Pub. L. 91–405, set out as an Effective Date note under section 25a of Title 2, The Congress.

For the purpose of this title, "Congressional employee" means—

(1) an employee of either House of Congress, of a committee of either House, or of a joint committee of the two Houses;

(2) an elected officer of either House who is not a Member of Congress;

(3) the Legislative Counsel of either House and an employee of his office;

(4) a member or employee of the Capitol Police;

(5) an employee of a Member of Congress if the pay of the employee is paid by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives;

[(6) Repealed. Pub. L. 90–83, §1(5)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196.]

(7) the Architect of the Capitol and an employee of the Architect of the Capitol;

(8) an employee of the Botanic Garden; and

(9) an employee of the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 409; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(5), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 91–510, title IV, §442(a), Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1191; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 110–437, title IV, §422(c), Oct. 20, 2008, 122 Stat. 4997; Pub. L. 111–145, §7(a), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 55.)

The section is supplied to avoid the necessity of defining "Congressional employee" each time the term is used in this title.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

2107(6) | 2:126–1. | July 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–90, §101 (proviso on p. 265), 79 Stat. 265. |

2107(8) | 5 App.: 2251(c). | Sept. 26, 1966, Pub. L. 89–604, §1(a), 80 Stat. 846. |


Paragraph (6), relating to Official Reporters of Debates of the Senate and their employees, is eliminated as unnecessary on authority of the act of July 27, 1965 (2 U.S.C. 126–1). Pursuant to that act, the Official Reporters and their employees became employees of the Senate; accordingly, they are now included within the definition of "Congressional employee" under paragraph (1).

In paragraph (8), based on the act of September 26, 1966 (5 App. U.S.C. 2251(c)), the word "officers" is omitted as included in "employees," and the words "United States" preceding the words "Botanic Garden" are omitted as unnecessary.

**2010**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 111–145, inserted "or employee" after "member".

**2008**—Par. (9). Pub. L. 110–437 amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: "an employee of the Capitol Guide Service."

**1996**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1970**—Par. (9). Pub. L. 91—510 added par. (9).

Pub. L. 111–145, §7(d), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 56, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 5515, 5531, 5533, and 5537 of this title] shall take effect as though enacted as part of section 1018 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2003 (2 U.S.C. 1907)."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–437 effective first day of first pay period (applicable to employees transferred under section 2241 of Title 2, The Congress) on or after 30 days after Oct. 20, 2008, see section 422(d) of Pub. L. 110–437, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 2.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–510 effective immediately prior to noon on June. 3, 1971, see section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as a note under section 4301 of Title 2, The Congress.

For the purpose of this title—

(1) "veteran" means an individual who—

(A) served on active duty in the armed forces during a war, in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authorized, or during the period beginning April 28, 1952, and ending July 1, 1955;

(B) served on active duty as defined by section 101(21) of title 38 at any time in the armed forces for a period of more than 180 consecutive days any part of which occurred after January 31, 1955, and before October 15, 1976, not including service under section 12103(d) of title 10 pursuant to an enlistment in the Army National Guard or the Air National Guard or as a Reserve for service in the Army Reserve, Navy Reserve, Air Force Reserve, Marine Corps Reserve, or Coast Guard Reserve;

(C) served on active duty as defined by section 101(21) of title 38 in the armed forces during the period beginning on August 2, 1990, and ending on January 2, 1992; or

(D) served on active duty as defined by section 101(21) of title 38 at any time in the armed forces for a period of more than 180 consecutive days any part of which occurred during the period beginning on September 11, 2001, and ending on the date prescribed by Presidential proclamation or by law as the last date of Operation Iraqi Freedom;

and, except as provided under section 2108a, who has been discharged or released from active duty in the armed forces under honorable conditions;

(2) "disabled veteran" means an individual who has served on active duty in the armed forces, (except as provided under section 2108a) has been separated therefrom under honorable conditions, and has established the present existence of a service-connected disability or is receiving compensation, disability retirement benefits, or pension because of a public statute administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs or a military department;

(3) "preference eligible" means, except as provided in paragraph (4) of this section or section 2108a(c)—

(A) a veteran as defined by paragraph (1)(A) of this section;

(B) a veteran as defined by paragraph (1)(B), (C), or (D) of this section;

(C) a disabled veteran;

(D) the unmarried widow or widower of a veteran as defined by paragraph (1)(A) of this section;

(E) the wife or husband of a service-connected disabled veteran if the veteran has been unable to qualify for any appointment in the civil service or in the government of the District of Columbia;

(F) the parent of an individual who lost his or her life under honorable conditions while serving in the armed forces during a period named by paragraph (1)(A) of this section, if—

(i) the spouse of that parent is totally and permanently disabled; or

(ii) that parent, when preference is claimed, is unmarried or, if married, legally separated from his or her spouse;

(G) the parent of a service-connected permanently and totally disabled veteran, if—

(i) the spouse of that parent is totally and permanently disabled; or

(ii) that parent, when preference is claimed, is unmarried or, if married, legally separated from his or her spouse; and

(H) a veteran who was discharged or released from a period of active duty by reason of a sole survivorship discharge (as that term is defined in section 1174(i) of title 10);

but does not include applicants for, or members of, the Senior Executive Service, the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service, the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service, or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service;

(4) except for the purposes of chapters 43 and 75 of this title, "preference eligible" does not include a retired member of the armed forces unless—

(A) the individual is a disabled veteran; or

(B) the individual retired below the rank of major or its equivalent; and

(5) "retired member of the armed forces" means a member or former member of the armed forces who is entitled, under statute, to retired, retirement, or retainer pay on account of service as a member.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(6), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(2), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 92–187, §1, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 644; Pub. L. 94–502, title VII, §702, Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2405; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(a), title IV, §401(d), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147, 1154; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(8), (9)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 96–191, §8(a), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 97–89, title VIII, §801, Dec. 4, 1981, 95 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(a), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1102(a), (c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1922; Pub. L. 105–339, §4(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3185; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title V, §515(f)(1), title XI, §§1111, 1112(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3236, 3451; Pub. L. 110–317, §8, Aug. 29, 2008, 122 Stat. 3529; Pub. L. 112–56, title II, §235(a)(2)(A), Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 723; Pub. L. 114–62, §2, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 547.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 851 (less 1st 76 words). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §2 (less 1st 76 words), 58 Stat. 387. | |

Jan. 19, 1948, ch. 1, §1, 62 Stat. 3. | ||

July 2, 1948, ch. 816, 62 Stat. 1233. | ||

Aug. 26, 1949, ch. 513, 63 Stat. 666. | ||

Dec. 27, 1950, ch. 1151, §1, 64 Stat. 1117. | ||

July 14, 1952, ch. 728, §1, 66 Stat. 626. |


In paragraph (2), the words "a military department" are substituted for "the War Department or Navy Department" (appearing in section 2 of the Act of June 27, 1944) because of the definition of "military department" in section 102. The Department of War was designated the Department of the Army by the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §205, 61 Stat. 501. "Department of the Air Force" is included on authority of the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §207 (a), (f), 61 Stat. 502.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

2108 | 5 App.: 851. | Mar. 3, 1966, Pub. L. 89–358, §11, 80 Stat. 28. |


**2015**—Par. (3)(F), (G). Pub. L. 114–62 added subpars. (F) and (G) and struck out former subpars. (F) and (G) which included in the definition of "preference eligible" certain mothers of individuals who lost their lives under honorable conditions in the armed forces and certain mothers of service-connected permanently and totally disabled veterans.

**2011**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 112–56, §235(a)(2)(A)(i), in concluding provisions, inserted ", except as provided under section 2108a," before "who has been".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 112–56, §235(a)(2)(A)(ii), inserted "(except as provided under section 2108a)" before "has been separated".

Par. (3). Pub. L. 112–56, §235(a)(2)(A)(iii), in introductory provisions, inserted "or section 2108a(c)" after "paragraph (4) of this section".

**2008**—Par. (3)(H). Pub. L. 110–317 added subpar. (H).

**2006**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–163, §1112(a), in concluding provisions, substituted "discharged or released from active duty in" for "separated from".

Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 109–163, §515(f)(1), substituted "Navy Reserve" for "Naval Reserve".

Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 109–163, §1111(a), added subpar. (D).

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 109–163, §1111(b), substituted "paragraph (1)(B), (C), or (D)" for "paragraph (1)(B) or (C)".

**1998**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–339, in concluding provisions, substituted "or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service;" for "the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, or the General Accounting Office;".

**1997**—Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 105–85, §1102(c), substituted "October 15, 1976," for "the date of enactment of the Veterans' Education and Employment Assistance Act of 1976," and "12103(d) of title 10" for "511(d) of title 10".

Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 105–85, §1102(a)(1), added subpar. (C).

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 105–85, §1102(a)(2), inserted "or (C)" after "paragraph (1)(B)".

**1991**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

**1988**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service in concluding provisions.

**1981**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 97–89 inserted reference to Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service and Senior Cryptologic Executive Service in concluding provisions.

**1980**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–191 inserted reference to General Accounting Office in concluding provisions.

**1979**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(8), inserted provision excepting applicants for, or members of, Senior Executive Service.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(9)(A), struck out provision excepting applicants for, or members of, Senior Executive Service.

**1978**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(a)(1), struck out "and" at end.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(a)(2), (3), inserted ", except as provided in paragraph (4) of this section" after "means", and substituted a semicolon for the period at end.

Pars. (4), (5). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(a)(4), added pars. (4) and (5) relating to retired members of the armed forces.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 95–454, §401(d), inserted "; but does not include applicants for, or members of, the Senior Executive Service" before the period at end.

**1976**—Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 94–502 substituted "any part of which occurred after January 31, 1955, and before the date of enactment of the Veterans' Education and Employment Assistance Act of 1976," for "after January 31, 1955,".

**1971**—Par. (3)(D). Pub. L. 92–187 inserted "or widower" after "unmarried widow".

Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 92–187 inserted "or husband" after "the wife".

**1968**—Par. (3)(D). Pub. L. 90–623 inserted "as defined by paragraph (1)(A) of this section" after "veteran".

Pub. L. 114–62, §3, Oct. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 548, provided that: "The amendment made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 2015]."

Pub. L. 110–317, §10, Aug. 29, 2008, 122 Stat. 3530, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) the father or mother or one or more siblings—

"(A) served in the Armed Forces; and

"(B) was killed, died as a result of wounds, accident, or disease, is in a captured or missing in action status, or is permanently 100 percent disabled or hospitalized on a continuing basis (and is not employed gainfully because of the disability or hospitalization); and

"(2) the death, status, or disability did not result from the intentional misconduct or willful neglect of the parent or sibling and was not incurred during a period of unauthorized absence."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–89 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 806 of Pub. L. 97–89, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1621 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–191 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–191.

Amendment by section 2(a)(8) of Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(9)(B), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381, provided that: "The amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1980".

Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1980.

Amendment by section 401(d) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 effective Sept. 11, 1967, for all purposes, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1112(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3451, provided that: "Nothing in the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] may be construed to affect a determination made before the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006] that an individual is a preference eligible (as defined in section 2108(3) of title 5, United States Code)."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

(a)

(1) 1 an individual shall be treated as a veteran defined under section 2108(1) for purposes of making an appointment in the competitive service, if the individual—

(A) meets the definition of a veteran under section 2108(1), except for the requirement that the individual has been discharged or released from active duty in the armed forces under honorable conditions; and

(B) submits a certification described under paragraph (2) to the Federal officer making the appointment.

(2)

(b)

(1) 1 an individual shall be treated as a disabled veteran defined under section 2108(2) for purposes of making an appointment in the competitive service, if the individual—

(A) meets the definition of a disabled veteran under section 2108(2), except for the requirement that the individual has been separated from active duty in the armed forces under honorable conditions; and

(B) submits a certification described under paragraph (2) to the Federal officer making the appointment.

(2)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 112–56, title II, §235(a)(1), Nov. 21, 2011, 125 Stat. 722.)

1 So in original. Subsec. does not contain a par. (3).

For the purpose of this title—

(1) "air traffic controller" or "controller" means a civilian employee of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Defense who, in an air traffic control facility or flight service station facility—

(A) is actively engaged—

(i) in the separation and control of air traffic; or

(ii) in providing preflight, inflight, or airport advisory service to aircraft operators; or

(B) is the immediate supervisor of any employee described in subparagraph (A); and

(2) "Secretary", when used in connection with "air traffic controller" or "controller", means the Secretary of Transportation with respect to controllers in the Department of Transportation, and the Secretary of Defense with respect to controllers in the Department of Defense.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §1(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 141; amended Pub. L. 96–347, §1(a), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 594.)

**1986**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 99–335 amended par. (1) generally including within term "air traffic controller" or "controller" references to a flight service station facility and to employment providing preflight, inflight, or airport advisory service to aircraft operators and striking out provision that regulations prescribed by the Secretary be used in determining who is an air traffic controller.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–347 substituted "controller; Secretary" for "controller" in section catchline, and in text included employees of the Department of Defense within the meaning of air traffic controller or controller and defined "Secretary" to mean Secretary of Transportation with respect to controllers in the Department of Transportation and Secretary of Defense with respect to controllers in the Department of Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–347, §3, Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1151, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 3307, 3381 to 3385, and 8335 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8335 of this title] shall take effect on the later of—

"(1) October 1, 1980, or

"(2) the ninetieth day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 12, 1980]."

Section effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see, section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as a note under section 3381 of this title.


**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(1)(A), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1616, struck out item 2307 "Information on whistleblower protections".

Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(c), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1240, added item 2307.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–199, §109(b), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1471, added items 2304 to 2306 and struck out former items 2304 "Responsibility of the Government Accountability Office" and 2305 "Coordination with certain other provisions of law".

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in item 2304.

(a) This section shall apply to—

(1) an Executive agency; and

(2) the Government Publishing Office.

(b) Federal personnel management should be implemented consistent with the following merit system principles:

(1) Recruitment should be from qualified individuals from appropriate sources in an endeavor to achieve a work force from all segments of society, and selection and advancement should be determined solely on the basis of relative ability, knowledge, and skills, after fair and open competition which assures that all receive equal opportunity.

(2) All employees and applicants for employment should receive fair and equitable treatment in all aspects of personnel management without regard to political affiliation, race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or handicapping condition, and with proper regard for their privacy and constitutional rights.

(3) Equal pay should be provided for work of equal value, with appropriate consideration of both national and local rates paid by employers in the private sector, and appropriate incentives and recognition should be provided for excellence in performance.

(4) All employees should maintain high standards of integrity, conduct, and concern for the public interest.

(5) The Federal work force should be used efficiently and effectively.

(6) Employees should be retained on the basis of the adequacy of their performance, inadequate performance should be corrected, and employees should be separated who cannot or will not improve their performance to meet required standards.

(7) Employees should be provided effective education and training in cases in which such education and training would result in better organizational and individual performance.

(8) Employees should be—

(A) protected against arbitrary action, personal favoritism, or coercion for partisan political purposes, and

(B) prohibited from using their official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering with or affecting the result of an election or a nomination for election.

(9) Employees should be protected against reprisal for the lawful disclosure of information which the employees reasonably believe evidences—

(A) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or

(B) mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.

(c) In administering the provisions of this chapter—

(1) with respect to any agency (as defined in section 2302(a)(2)(C) of this title), the President shall, pursuant to the authority otherwise available under this title, take any action, including the issuance of rules, regulations, or directives; and

(2) with respect to any entity in the executive branch which is not such an agency or part of such an agency, the head of such entity shall, pursuant to authority otherwise available, take any action, including the issuance of rules, regulations, or directives;

which is consistent with the provisions of this title and which the President or the head, as the case may be, determines is necessary to ensure that personnel management is based on and embodies the merit system principles.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1113; amended Pub. L. 101–474, §5(c), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1099; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which provided that this section is applicable to Administrative Office of United States Courts.

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(2) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Chapter effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §106, Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1238, provided that: "In consultation with the Special Counsel and the Inspector General of the agency (or senior ethics official of the agency for an agency without an Inspector General), the head of each agency shall provide training regarding how to respond to complaints alleging a violation of whistleblower protections (as defined in [former] section 2307 of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 107) available to employees of the agency—

"(1) to employees appointed to supervisory positions in the agency who have not previously served as a supervisor; and

"(2) on an annual basis, to all employees of the agency serving in a supervisory position."

[For definitions of "agency" and "employee" as used in section 106 of Pub. L. 115–73, set out above, see section 101 of Pub. L. 115–73, set out as a note under section 1212 of this title.]

Pub. L. 107–174, May 15, 2002, 116 Stat. 566, as amended by Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §§1132–1134(a)(1), (b), 1135–1137, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3900–3903, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"Congress finds that—

"(1) Federal agencies cannot be run effectively if those agencies practice or tolerate discrimination;

"(2) Congress has heard testimony from individuals, including representatives of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and the American Federation of Government Employees, that point to chronic problems of discrimination and retaliation against Federal employees;

"(3) in August 2000, a jury found that the Environmental Protection Agency had discriminated against a senior social scientist, and awarded that scientist $600,000;

"(4) in October 2000, an Occupational Safety and Health Administration investigation found that the Environmental Protection Agency had retaliated against a senior scientist for disagreeing with that agency on a matter of science and for helping Congress to carry out its oversight responsibilities;

"(5) there have been several recent class action suits based on discrimination brought against Federal agencies, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the United States Marshals Service, the Department of Agriculture, the United States Information Agency, and the Social Security Administration;

"(6) notifying Federal employees of their rights under discrimination and whistleblower laws should increase Federal agency compliance with the law;

"(7) requiring annual reports to Congress on the number and severity of discrimination and whistleblower cases brought against each Federal agency should enable Congress to improve its oversight over compliance by agencies with the law; and

"(8) requiring Federal agencies to pay for any discrimination or whistleblower judgment, award, or settlement should improve agency accountability with respect to discrimination and whistleblower laws.

"It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) Federal agencies should not retaliate for court judgments or settlements relating to discrimination and whistleblower laws by targeting the claimant or other employees with reductions in compensation, benefits, or workforce to pay for such judgments or settlements;

"(2) the mission of the Federal agency and the employment security of employees who are blameless in a whistleblower incident should not be compromised;

"(3) Federal agencies should not use a reduction in force or furloughs as means of funding a reimbursement under this Act;

"(4) accountability in the enforcement of the rights of Federal employees is furthered when Federal agencies agree to take appropriate disciplinary action against Federal employees who are found to have intentionally committed discriminatory (including retaliatory) acts;

"(5)(A) accountability is not furthered if Federal agencies react to the increased accountability under this Act for what, by law, the agency is responsible by taking unfounded disciplinary actions against managers or by violating the procedural rights of managers who have been accused of discrimination; and

"(B) Federal agencies should ensure that managers have adequate training in the management of a diverse workforce and in dispute resolution and other essential communication skills; and

"(6)(A) Federal agencies are expected to reimburse the General Fund of the Treasury within a reasonable time under this Act; and

"(B) a Federal agency, particularly if the amount of reimbursement under this Act is large relative to annual appropriations for that agency, may need to extend reimbursement over several years in order to avoid—

"(i) reductions in force;

"(ii) furloughs;

"(iii) other reductions in compensation or benefits for the workforce of the agency; or

"(iv) an adverse effect on the mission of the agency.

"For purposes of this Act—

"(1) the term 'applicant for Federal employment' means an individual applying for employment in or under a Federal agency;

"(2) the term 'basis of alleged discrimination' shall have the meaning given such term under section 303;

"(3) the term 'Federal agency' means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code), the United States Postal Service, or the Postal Regulatory Commission;

"(4) the term 'Federal employee' means an individual employed in or under a Federal agency;

"(5) the term 'former Federal employee' means an individual formerly employed in or under a Federal agency; and

"(6) the term 'issue of alleged discrimination' shall have the meaning given such term under section 303.

"This Act and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the 1st day of the 1st fiscal year beginning more than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [May 15, 2002].

"(a)

"(1) any provision of law cited in subsection (c); or

"(2) any other provision of law which prohibits any form of discrimination, as identified under rules issued under section 204.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) Section 2302(b) of title 5, United States Code, as applied to discriminatory conduct described in paragraphs (1) and (8), or described in paragraph (9) of such section as applied to discriminatory conduct described in paragraphs (1) and (8), of such section.

"(2) The provisions of law specified in section 2302(d) of title 5, United States Code.

"(a)

"(1) in accordance with otherwise applicable provisions of law; or

"(2) if, or to the extent that, no such notification would otherwise be required, in such time, form, and manner as shall under section 204 be required in order to carry out the requirements of this section.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) on the public internet website of the agency, in a clear and prominent location linked directly from the home page of that website;

"(B) stating that a finding of discrimination (including retaliation) has been made; and

"(C) which shall remain posted for not less than 1 year.

"(2)

"(A) All appeals of a final action by a Federal agency involving a finding of discrimination (including retaliation) prohibited by a provision of law covered by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 201(a) have been exhausted.

"(B) All appeals of a final decision by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission involving a finding of discrimination (including if the finding included a finding of retaliation) prohibited by a provision of law covered by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 201(a) have been exhausted.

"(C) A court of jurisdiction issues a final judgment involving a finding of discrimination (including retaliation) prohibited by a provision of law covered by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 201(a).

"(3)

"(A) identify the date on which the finding was made, the date on which each discriminatory act occurred, and the law violated by each such discriminatory act; and

"(B) advise Federal employees of the rights and protections available under the provisions of law covered by paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 201(a).

"(a)

"(1) the number of cases arising under each of the respective provisions of law covered by paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 201(a) in which discrimination on the part of such agency was alleged;

"(2) the status or disposition of cases described in paragraph (1);

"(3) the amount of money required to be reimbursed by such agency under section 201 in connection with each of such cases, separately identifying the aggregate amount of such reimbursements attributable to the payment of attorneys' fees, if any;

"(4) the number of employees disciplined for discrimination, retaliation, harassment, or any other infraction of any provision of law referred to in paragraph (1);

"(5) the final year-end data posted under section 301(c)(1)(B) for such fiscal year (without regard to section 301(c)(2));

"(6) a detailed description of—

"(A) the policy implemented by that agency relating to appropriate disciplinary actions against a Federal employee who—

"(i) discriminated against any individual in violation of any of the laws cited under section 201(a)(1) or (2); or

"(ii) committed another prohibited personnel practice that was revealed in the investigation of a complaint alleging a violation of any of the laws cited under section 201(a)(1) or (2); and

"(B) with respect to each of such laws, the number of employees who are disciplined in accordance with such policy and the specific nature of the disciplinary action taken;

"(7) an analysis of the information described under paragraphs (1) through (6) (in conjunction with data provided to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in compliance with part 1614 of title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations) including—

"(A) an examination of trends;

"(B) causal analysis;

"(C) practical knowledge gained through experience; and

"(D) any actions planned or taken to improve complaint or civil rights programs of the agency; and

"(8) any adjustment (to the extent the adjustment can be ascertained in the budget of the agency) to comply with the requirements under section 201.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) whether disciplinary action has been proposed against a Federal employee as a result of the violation; and

"(2) the reasons for any disciplinary action proposed under paragraph (1).

"(a)

"(1) rules to carry out this title;

"(2) rules to require that a comprehensive study be conducted in the executive branch to determine the best practices relating to the appropriate disciplinary actions against Federal employees who commit the actions described under clauses (i) and (ii) of section 203(a)(6)(A); and

"(3) based on the results of such study, advisory guidelines incorporating best practices that Federal agencies may follow to take such actions against such employees.

"(b)

"(1) whether such agency has adopted and will fully follow such guidelines;

"(2) if such agency has not adopted such guidelines; the reasons for the failure to adopt such guidelines; and

"(3) if such agency will not fully follow such guidelines, the reasons for the decision not to fully follow such guidelines and an explanation of the extent to which such agency will not follow such guidelines.

"Consistent with Federal law, nothing in this title shall prevent any Federal employee, former Federal employee, or applicant for Federal employment from exercising any right otherwise available under the laws of the United States.

"(a)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) expedite handling of allegations of such violations within Federal agencies and will streamline the complaint-filing process;

"(ii) affect the workload of the Commission;

"(iii) affect established alternative dispute resolution procedures in such agencies; and

"(iv) affect any other matters determined by the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office] to be appropriate for consideration.

"(2)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1)

"(A) a study on the effects of section 201 on the operations of Federal agencies; and

"(B) a study on the effects of section 13 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 612) [now 41 U.S.C. 7108] on the operations of Federal agencies.

"(2)

"(A) a summary of the number of cases in which a payment was made in accordance with section 2414, 2517, 2672, or 2677 of title 28, United States Code, and under section 1304 of title 31, United States Code;

"(B) a summary of the length of time Federal agencies used to complete reimbursements of payments described under subparagraph (A); and

"(C) conclusions that assist in making determinations on how the reimbursements of payments described under subparagraph (A) will affect—

"(i) the operations of Federal agencies;

"(ii) funds appropriated on an annual basis;

"(iii) employee relations and other human capital matters;

"(iv) settlements; and

"(v) any other matter determined by the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office] to be appropriate for consideration.

"(3)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) this Act; and

"(B) the Contracts Dispute [Contract Disputes] Act of 1978 (41 U.S.C. 601 note [see 41 U.S.C. 7101 et seq.]; Public Law 95–563).

"(2)

"Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Elijah E. Cummings Federal Employee Antidiscrimination Act of 2020 [Jan. 1, 2021], each Federal agency shall establish a system to track each complaint of discrimination arising under section 2302(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and adjudicated through the Equal Employment Opportunity process from the filing of a complaint with the Federal agency to resolution of the complaint, including whether a decision has been made regarding disciplinary action as the result of a finding of discrimination.

"If a Federal agency takes an adverse action covered under section 7512 of title 5, United States Code, against a Federal employee for an act of discrimination (including retaliation) prohibited by a provision of law covered by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 201(a), the agency shall, after all appeals relating to that action have been exhausted, include a notation of the adverse action and the reason for the action in the personnel record of the employee.

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) The number of complaints filed with such agency in such fiscal year.

"(2) The number of individuals filing those complaints (including as the agent of a class).

"(3) The number of individuals who filed 2 or more of those complaints.

"(4) The number of complaints (described in paragraph (1)) in which each of the various bases of alleged discrimination is alleged.

"(5) The number of complaints (described in paragraph (1)) in which each of the various issues of alleged discrimination is alleged.

"(6) The average length of time, for each step of the process, it is taking such agency to process complaints (taking into account all complaints pending for any length of time in such fiscal year, whether first filed in such fiscal year or earlier). Average times under this paragraph shall be posted—

"(A) for all such complaints,

"(B) for all such complaints in which a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is not requested, and

"(C) for all such complaints in which a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is requested.

"(7) The total number of final agency actions rendered in such fiscal year involving a finding of discrimination and, of that number—

"(A) the number and percentage that were rendered without a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and

"(B) the number and percentage that were rendered after a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

"(8) Of the total number of final agency actions rendered in such fiscal year involving a finding of discrimination—

"(A) the number and percentage involving a finding of discrimination based on each of the respective bases of alleged discrimination, and

"(B) of the number specified under subparagraph (A) for each of the respective bases of alleged discrimination—

"(i) the number and percentage that were rendered without a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and

"(ii) the number and percentage that were rendered after a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

"(9) Of the total number of final agency actions rendered in such fiscal year involving a finding of discrimination—

"(A) the number and percentage involving a finding of discrimination in connection with each of the respective issues of alleged discrimination,

"(B) of the number specified under subparagraph (A) for each of the respective issues of alleged discrimination—

"(i) the number and percentage that were rendered without a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and

"(ii) the number and percentage that were rendered after a hearing before an administrative judge of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and

"(C) with respect to each finding described in subparagraph (A)—

"(i) the date of the finding,

"(ii) the affected Federal agency,

"(iii) the law violated, and

"(iv) whether a decision has been made regarding disciplinary action as a result of the finding.

"(10)(A) Of the total number of complaints pending in such fiscal year (as described in the parenthetical matter in paragraph (6)), the number that were first filed before the start of the then current fiscal year.

"(B) With respect to those pending complaints that were first filed before the start of the then current fiscal year—

"(i) the number of individuals who filed those complaints, and

"(ii) the number of those complaints which are at the various steps of the complaint process.

"(C) Of the total number of complaints pending in such fiscal year (as described in the parenthetical matter in paragraph (6)), the total number of complaints with respect to which the agency violated the requirements of section 1614.106(e)(2) of title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on July 1, 2000, and amended from time to time) by failing to conduct within 180 days of the filing of such complaints an impartial and appropriate investigation of such complaints.

"(11) Data regarding each class action complaint filed against the agency alleging discrimination (including retaliation), including—

"(A) information regarding the date on which each complaint was filed,

"(B) a general summary of the allegations alleged in the complaint,

"(C) an estimate of the total number of plaintiffs joined in the complaint, if known,

"(D) the current status of the complaint, including whether the class has been certified, and

"(E) the case numbers for the civil actions in which discrimination (including retaliation) has been found.

"(c)

"(1)

"(A) interim year-to-date data, updated quarterly, and

"(B) final year-end data.

"(2)

"(a)

"(1) hearings requested before an administrative judge of the Commission on complaints described in section 301, and

"(2) appeals filed with the Commission from final agency actions on complaints described in section 301.

"(b)

"(c)

"The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall issue any rules necessary to carry out this title.

"Each Federal agency shall—

"(1) be responsible for the fair and impartial processing and resolution of complaints of employment discrimination (including retaliation) prohibited by a provision of law covered by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 201(a); and

"(2) establish a model Equal Employment Opportunity Program that—

"(A) is not under the control, either structurally or practically, of the agency's Office of Human Capital or Office of the General Counsel (or the equivalent);

"(B) is devoid of internal conflicts of interest and ensures fairness and inclusiveness within the agency; and

"(C) ensures the efficient and fair resolution of complaints alleging discrimination (including retaliation).

"Nothing in this title shall prevent a Federal agency or a subcomponent of a Federal agency, or the Department of Justice, from providing advice or counsel to employees of that agency (or subcomponent, as applicable) in the resolution of a complaint.

"The head of each Federal agency's Equal Employment Opportunity Program shall report directly to the head of the agency.

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) notify the applicable Federal agency if the Commission refers a matter to the Office of Special Counsel under paragraph (1); and

"(B) with respect to a fiscal year, include in the Annual Report of the Federal Workforce of the Commission covering that fiscal year—

"(i) the number of referrals made under paragraph (1) during that fiscal year; and

"(ii) a brief summary of each referral described in clause (i).

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) the Office of Special Counsel pursues disciplinary action under subsection (b); and

"(2) the Federal agency imposes some form of disciplinary action against a Federal employee who commits an act of discrimination (including retaliation).

"(d)

[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1134(a)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3901, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1)(C) [amending section 203(a) of Pub. L. 107–174, set out above] shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021]."]

[For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.]

[For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, including the related functions of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the Department of Justice, see section 531(c) of Title 6, Domestic Security, and section 599A(c)(1) of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.]

[Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1134(a)(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3901, provided that: "Notwithstanding the requirements of section 203(a) of the Notification and Federal Employee Antidiscrimination and Retaliation Act of 2002 [Pub. L. 107–174] (5 U.S.C. 2301 note) [set out above], the report required under such section 203(a) may be submitted in an electronic format, as prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 1, 2021] and ending on the effective date in paragraph (2) [1 year after the date of enactment of this Act]."]

[Memorandum of President of the United States, July 8, 2003, 68 F.R. 45155, delegated to Director of Office of Personnel Management authority of President under section 204(a) of Public Law 107–174, set out above.]

(a)(1) For the purpose of this title, "prohibited personnel practice" means any action described in subsection (b).

(2) For the purpose of this section—

(A) "personnel action" means—

(i) an appointment;

(ii) a promotion;

(iii) an action under chapter 75 of this title or other disciplinary or corrective action;

(iv) a detail, transfer, or reassignment;

(v) a reinstatement;

(vi) a restoration;

(vii) a reemployment;

(viii) a performance evaluation under chapter 43 of this title or under title 38;

(ix) a decision concerning pay, benefits, or awards, or concerning education or training if the education or training may reasonably be expected to lead to an appointment, promotion, performance evaluation, or other action described in this subparagraph;

(x) a decision to order psychiatric testing or examination;

(xi) the implementation or enforcement of any nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement; and

(xii) any other significant change in duties, responsibilities, or working conditions;

with respect to an employee in, or applicant for, a covered position in an agency, and in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described in subsection (b)(8), an employee or applicant for employment in a Government corporation as defined in section 9101 of title 31;

(B) "covered position" means, with respect to any personnel action, any position in the competitive service, a career appointee position in the Senior Executive Service, or a position in the excepted service, but does not include any position which is, prior to the personnel action—

(i) excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; or

(ii) excluded from the coverage of this section by the President based on a determination by the President that it is necessary and warranted by conditions of good administration;

(C) "agency" means an Executive agency and the Government Publishing Office, but does not include—

(i) a Government corporation, except in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described under subsection (b)(8) or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D);

(ii)(I) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the National Reconnaissance Office; and

(II) as determined by the President, any executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities, provided that the determination be made prior to a personnel action; or

(iii) the Government Accountability Office; and

(D) "disclosure" means a formal or informal communication or transmission, but does not include a communication concerning policy decisions that lawfully exercise discretionary authority unless the employee or applicant providing the disclosure reasonably believes that the disclosure evidences—

(i) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or

(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.

(b) Any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action, shall not, with respect to such authority—

(1) discriminate for or against any employee or applicant for employment—

(A) on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, as prohibited under section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16);

(B) on the basis of age, as prohibited under sections 12 and 15 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 631, 633a);

(C) on the basis of sex, as prohibited under section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(d));

(D) on the basis of handicapping condition, as prohibited under section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791); or

(E) on the basis of marital status or political affiliation, as prohibited under any law, rule, or regulation;

(2) solicit or consider any recommendation or statement, oral or written, with respect to any individual who requests or is under consideration for any personnel action unless such recommendation or statement is based on the personal knowledge or records of the person furnishing it and consists of—

(A) an evaluation of the work performance, ability, aptitude, or general qualifications of such individual; or

(B) an evaluation of the character, loyalty, or suitability of such individual;

(3) coerce the political activity of any person (including the providing of any political contribution or service), or take any action against any employee or applicant for employment as a reprisal for the refusal of any person to engage in such political activity;

(4) deceive or willfully obstruct any person with respect to such person's right to compete for employment;

(5) influence any person to withdraw from competition for any position for the purpose of improving or injuring the prospects of any other person for employment;

(6) grant any preference or advantage not authorized by law, rule, or regulation to any employee or applicant for employment (including defining the scope or manner of competition or the requirements for any position) for the purpose of improving or injuring the prospects of any particular person for employment;

(7) appoint, employ, promote, advance, or advocate for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement, in or to a civilian position any individual who is a relative (as defined in section 3110(a)(3) of this title) of such employee if such position is in the agency in which such employee is serving as a public official (as defined in section 3110(a)(2) of this title) or over which such employee exercises jurisdiction or control as such an official;

(8) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, a personnel action with respect to any employee or applicant for employment because of—

(A) any disclosure of information by an employee or applicant which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences—

(i) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or

(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety,

if such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law and if such information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs;

(B) any disclosure to the Special Counsel, or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures, of information which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences—

(i) any violation (other than a violation of this section) of any law, rule, or regulation, or

(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; or

(C) any disclosure to Congress (including any committee of Congress) by any employee of an agency or applicant for employment at an agency of information described in subparagraph (B) that is—

(i) not classified; or

(ii) if classified—

(I) has been classified by the head of an agency that is not an element of the intelligence community (as defined by section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003)); and

(II) does not reveal intelligence sources and methods.1

(9) take or fail to take, or threaten to take or fail to take, any personnel action against any employee or applicant for employment because of—

(A) the exercise of any appeal, complaint, or grievance right granted by any law, rule, or regulation—

(i) with regard to remedying a violation of paragraph (8); or

(ii) other than with regard to remedying a violation of paragraph (8);

(B) testifying for or otherwise lawfully assisting any individual in the exercise of any right referred to in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii);

(C) cooperating with or disclosing information to the Inspector General (or any other component responsible for internal investigation or review) of an agency, or the Special Counsel, in accordance with applicable provisions of law; or

(D) refusing to obey an order that would require the individual to violate a law, rule, or regulation;

(10) discriminate for or against any employee or applicant for employment on the basis of conduct which does not adversely affect the performance of the employee or applicant or the performance of others; except that nothing in this paragraph shall prohibit an agency from taking into account in determining suitability or fitness any conviction of the employee or applicant for any crime under the laws of any State, of the District of Columbia, or of the United States;

(11)(A) knowingly take, recommend, or approve any personnel action if the taking of such action would violate a veterans' preference requirement; or

(B) knowingly fail to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action if the failure to take such action would violate a veterans' preference requirement;

(12) take or fail to take any other personnel action if the taking of or failure to take such action violates any law, rule, or regulation implementing, or directly concerning, the merit system principles contained in section 2301 of this title;

(13) implement or enforce any nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement, if such policy, form, or agreement—

(A) does not contain the following statement: "These provisions are consistent with and do not supersede, conflict with, or otherwise alter the employee obligations, rights, or liabilities created by existing statute or Executive order relating to (1) classified information, (2) communications to Congress, (3) the reporting to an Inspector General or the Office of Special Counsel of a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or (4) any other whistleblower protection. The definitions, requirements, obligations, rights, sanctions, and liabilities created by controlling Executive orders and statutory provisions are incorporated into this agreement and are controlling."; or

(B) prohibits or restricts an employee or applicant for employment from disclosing to Congress, the Special Counsel, the Inspector General of an agency, or any other agency component responsible for internal investigation or review any information that relates to any violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety, or any other whistleblower protection; or

(14) access the medical record of another employee or an applicant for employment as a part of, or otherwise in furtherance of, any conduct described in paragraphs (1) through (13).

This subsection shall not be construed to authorize the withholding of information from Congress or the taking of any personnel action against an employee who discloses information to Congress. For purposes of paragraph (8), (i) any presumption relating to the performance of a duty by an employee whose conduct is the subject of a disclosure as defined under subsection (a)(2)(D) may be rebutted by substantial evidence, and (ii) a determination as to whether an employee or applicant reasonably believes that such employee or applicant has disclosed information that evidences any violation of law, rule, regulation, gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety shall be made by determining whether a disinterested observer with knowledge of the essential facts known to and readily ascertainable by the employee or applicant could reasonably conclude that the actions of the Government evidence such violations, mismanagement, waste, abuse, or danger.

(c)(1) In this subsection—

(A) the term "new employee" means an individual—

(i) appointed to a position as an employee on or after the date of enactment of this subsection; and

(ii) who has not previously served as an employee; and

(B) the term "whistleblower protections" means the protections against and remedies for a prohibited personnel practice described in paragraph (8) or subparagraph (A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) of paragraph (9) of subsection (b).

(2) The head of each agency shall be responsible for—

(A) preventing prohibited personnel practices;

(B) complying with and enforcing applicable civil service laws, rules, and regulations and other aspects of personnel management; and

(C) ensuring, in consultation with the Special Counsel and the Inspector General of the agency, that employees of the agency are informed of the rights and remedies available to the employees under this chapter and chapter 12, including—

(i) information with respect to whistleblower protections available to new employees during a probationary period;

(ii) the role of the Office of Special Counsel and the Merit Systems Protection Board with respect to whistleblower protections; and

(iii) the means by which, with respect to information that is otherwise required by law or Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs, an employee may make a lawful disclosure of the information to—

(I) the Special Counsel;

(II) the Inspector General of an agency;

(III) Congress (including any committee of Congress with respect to information that is not classified or, if classified, has been classified by the head of an agency that is not an element of the intelligence community and does not reveal intelligence sources and methods); or

(IV) another employee of the agency who is designated to receive such a disclosure.

(3) The head of each agency shall ensure that the information described in paragraph (2) is provided to each new employee of the agency not later than 180 days after the date on which the new employee is appointed.

(4) The head of each agency shall make available information regarding whistleblower protections applicable to employees of the agency on the public website of the agency and on any online portal that is made available only to employees of the agency, if such portal exists.

(5) Any employee to whom the head of an agency delegates authority for any aspect of personnel management shall, within the limits of the scope of the delegation, be responsible for the activities described in paragraph (2).

(d) This section shall not be construed to extinguish or lessen any effort to achieve equal employment opportunity through affirmative action or any right or remedy available to any employee or applicant for employment in the civil service under—

(1) section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16), prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin;

(2) sections 12 and 15 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 631, 633a), prohibiting discrimination on the basis of age;

(3) under section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(d)), prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex;

(4) section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791), prohibiting discrimination on the basis of handicapping condition; or

(5) the provisions of any law, rule, or regulation prohibiting discrimination on the basis of marital status or political affiliation.

(e)(1) For the purpose of this section, the term "veterans' preference requirement" means any of the following provisions of law:

(A) Sections 2108, 3305(b), 3309, 3310, 3311, 3312, 3313, 3314, 3315, 3316, 3317(b), 3318, 3320, 3351, 3352, 3363, 3501, 3502(b), 3504, and 4303(e) and (with respect to a preference eligible referred to in section 7511(a)(1)(B)) subchapter II of chapter 75 and section 7701.

(B) Sections 943(c)(2) and 1784(c) of title 10.

(C) Section 1308(b) of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act.

(D) Section 301(c) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

(E) Sections 106(f),1 7281(e), and 7802(5) 1 of title 38.

(F) Section 1005(a) of title 39.

(G) Any other provision of law that the Director of the Office of Personnel Management designates in regulations as being a veterans' preference requirement for the purposes of this subsection.

(H) Any regulation prescribed under subsection (b) or (c) of section 1302 and any other regulation that implements a provision of law referred to in any of the preceding subparagraphs.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no authority to order corrective action shall be available in connection with a prohibited personnel practice described in subsection (b)(11). Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to affect any authority under section 1215 (relating to disciplinary action).

(f)(1) A disclosure shall not be excluded from subsection (b)(8) because—

(A) the disclosure was made to a supervisor or to a person who participated in an activity that the employee or applicant reasonably believed to be covered by subsection (b)(8)(A)(i) and (ii);

(B) the disclosure revealed information that had been previously disclosed;

(C) of the employee's or applicant's motive for making the disclosure;

(D) the disclosure was not made in writing;

(E) the disclosure was made while the employee was off duty;

(F) the disclosure was made before the date on which the individual was appointed or applied for appointment to a position; or

(G) of the amount of time which has passed since the occurrence of the events described in the disclosure.

(2) If a disclosure is made during the normal course of duties of an employee, the principal job function of whom is to regularly investigate and disclose wrongdoing (referred to in this paragraph as the "disclosing employee"), the disclosure shall not be excluded from subsection (b)(8) if the disclosing employee demonstrates that an employee who has the authority to take, direct other individuals to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action with respect to the disclosing employee took, failed to take, or threatened to take or fail to take a personnel action with respect to the disclosing employee in reprisal for the disclosure made by the disclosing employee.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1114; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §4, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 32; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(d), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1099; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(5), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346; Pub. L. 103–94, §8(c), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1007; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(c), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 103–424, §5, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4363; Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §315(b)(2), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2416, Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), title XVI, §1615(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687, 2741; Pub. L. 105–339, §6(a), (b), (c)(2), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3187, 3188; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §§101(a), (b)(1)(B), (2)(B), (C), 102–104(b)(1), 105, 112, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1465–1468, 1472; Pub. L. 112–277, title V, §505(a), Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 114–113, div. J, title II, §238, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2700; Pub. L. 115–40, §2, June 14, 2017, 131 Stat. 861; Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §§103, 107(a)(1), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1236, 1238; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(1)(B), (c)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1616, 1618; Pub. L. 116–92, div. E, title LVII, §5721, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1138, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3905.)

Section 1308(b) of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(C), is classified to section 3198(b) of Title 16, Conservation.

Section 301(c) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(D), is classified to section 3941(c) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 106(f) of title 38, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(E), was enacted subsequent to the enactment of subsec. (e) of this section.

Section 7802(5) of title 38, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(E), was redesignated section 7802(e) of title 38 by Pub. L. 108–170, title III, §304(b)(3), Dec. 6, 2003, 117 Stat. 2059.

**2021**—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted "agreement—" for "agreement", designated remainder of existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted "or the Office of Special Counsel" after "Inspector General", and added subpar. (B).

**2019**—Subsec. (b)(8)(C). Pub. L. 116–92, §5721(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 116–92, §5721(2), inserted "(including any committee of Congress with respect to information that is not classified or, if classified, has been classified by the head of an agency that is not an element of the intelligence community and does not reveal intelligence sources and methods)" after "Congress".

**2017**—Subsec. (b)(9)(C). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(1)(A), inserted "(or any other component responsible for internal investigation or review)" after "Inspector General".

Subsec. (b)(9)(D). Pub. L. 115–40 struck out "for" after "(D)" and inserted ", rule, or regulation" after "a law".

Subsec. (b)(14). Pub. L. 115–73, §103, added par. (14).

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(b)(1)(B), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) to (e) as (d) to (f), respectively.

Pub. L. 115–73, §107(a)(1), redesignated subsecs. (d) to (f) as (c) to (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The head of each agency shall be responsible for the prevention of prohibited personnel practices, for the compliance with and enforcement of applicable civil service laws, rules, and regulations, and other aspects of personnel management, and for ensuring (in consultation with the Office of Special Counsel) that agency employees are informed of the rights and remedies available to them under this chapter and chapter 12 of this title, including how to make a lawful disclosure of information that is specifically required by law or Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs to the Special Counsel, the Inspector General of an agency, Congress, or other agency employee designated to receive such disclosures. Any individual to whom the head of an agency delegates authority for personnel management, or for any aspect thereof, shall be similarly responsible within the limits of the delegation."

Subsec. (f)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(1)(B)(i), added subpar. (F) and redesignated former subpar. (F) as (G).

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 115–91, §1097(c)(1)(B)(ii), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "If a disclosure is made during the normal course of duties of an employee, the disclosure shall not be excluded from subsection (b)(8) if any employee who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action with respect to the employee making the disclosure, took, failed to take, or threatened to take or fail to take a personnel action with respect to that employee in reprisal for the disclosure."

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 114–113 inserted "or under title 38" after "chapter 43 of this title".

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 112–277 added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows:

"(I) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, and the National Reconnaissance Office; and

"(II) as determined by the President, any Executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities, provided that the determination be made prior to a personnel action; or".

**2012**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(xi), (xii). Pub. L. 112–199, §104(a), added cl. (xi) and redesignated former cl. (xi) as (xii).

Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(i). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(1)(B), inserted "or section 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D)" after "(b)(8)".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 112–199, §105, added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and, as determined by the President, any Executive agency or unit thereof the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; or".

Subsec. (a)(2)(D). Pub. L. 112–199, §102, added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–199, §103, amended concluding provisions generally. Prior to amendment, concluding provisions read as follows: "This subsection shall not be construed to authorize the withholding of information from the Congress or the taking of any personnel action against an employee who discloses information to the Congress."

Subsec. (b)(8)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(a)(1), substituted "any violation" for "a violation".

Subsec. (b)(8)(B)(i). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(a)(2), substituted "any violation (other than a violation of this section)" for "a violation".

Subsec. (b)(9)(A). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(2)(B)(i), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) read as follows: "the exercise of any appeal, complaint, or grievance right granted by any law, rule, or regulation;".

Subsec. (b)(9)(B). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(2)(B)(ii), inserted "(i) or (ii)" after "subparagraph (A)".

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 112–199, §104(b)(1), added par. (13).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–199, §112, inserted ", including how to make a lawful disclosure of information that is specifically required by law or Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs to the Special Counsel, the Inspector General of an agency, Congress, or other agency employee designated to receive such disclosures" after "chapter 12 of this title".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 112–199, §101(b)(2)(C), added subsec. (f).

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–339, §6(c)(2), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "For purposes of this title, 'prohibited personnel practice' means the following:

"(A) Any action described in subsection (b) of this section.

"(B) Any action or failure to act that is designated as a prohibited personnel action under section 1599c(a) of title 10."

Subsec. (b)(10) to (12). Pub. L. 105–339, §6(a), struck out "or" at end of par. (10), added par. (11), and redesignated former par. (11) as (12).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–339, §6(b), added subsec. (e).

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §1615(b), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "For the purpose of this title, 'prohibited personnel practice' means any action described in subsection (b) of this section."

Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 104–201, §1122(a)(1), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–197 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "solicit or consider any recommendation or statement, oral or written, with respect to any individual who requests or is under consideration for any personnel action except as provided under section 3303(f);".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–424, §5(a)(3), in concluding provisions, inserted before semicolon ", and in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described in subsection (b)(8), an employee or applicant for employment in a Government corporation as defined in section 9101 of title 31".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(x), (xi). Pub. L. 103–424, §5(a)(1), (2), added cls. (x) and (xi) and struck out former cl. (x) which read as follows: "any other significant change in duties or responsibilities which is inconsistent with the employee's salary or grade level;".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–424, §5(b), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: " 'covered position' means any position in the competitive service, a career appointee position in the Senior Executive Service, or a position in the excepted service, but does not include—

"(i) a position which is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; or

"(ii) any position excluded from the coverage of this section by the President based on a determination by the President that it is necessary and warranted by conditions of good administration."

Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(i). Pub. L. 103–424, §5(c), inserted before semicolon ", except in the case of an alleged prohibited personnel practice described under subsection (b)(8)".

Subsec. (a)(2)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 103–359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–424, §5(d), inserted before period at end of first sentence ", and for ensuring (in consultation with the Office of Special Counsel) that agency employees are informed of the rights and remedies available to them under this chapter and chapter 12 of this title".

**1993**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–94 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "solicit or consider any recommendation or statement, oral or written, with respect to any individual who requests or is under consideration for any personnel action unless such recommendation or statement is based on the personal knowledge or records of the person furnishing it and consists of—

"(A) an evaluation of the work performance, ability, aptitude, or general qualifications of such individual; or

"(B) an evaluation of the character, loyalty, or suitability of such individual;".

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(8)(B). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "Special Counsel" for "Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 101–474 struck out ", the Administrative Office of the United States Courts," after "means an Executive agency".

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 101–12, §4(a), in introductory provision inserted ", or threaten to take or fail to take," after "fail to" and substituted "because of" for "as a reprisal for", in subpar. (A) substituted "any disclosure" for "a disclosure", in subpar. (A)(ii) inserted "gross" before "mismanagement", in subpar. (B) substituted "any disclosure" for "a disclosure", and in subpar. (B)(ii) inserted "gross" before "mismanagement".

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 101–12, §4(b), amended par. (9) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (9) read as follows: "take or fail to take any personnel action against any employee or applicant for employment as a reprisal for the exercise of any appeal right granted by any law, rule, or regulation;".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(2)(C) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

Amendment by section 1122(a)(1) of Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §315(c), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2416, provided that: "This section [amending this section and section 3303 of this title] shall take effect 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 16, 1996]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–94 effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, but not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under amended provision, which is to be treated as remaining in force for purpose of sustaining any proper proceeding or action for enforcement of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability, and no provision of Pub. L. 103–94 to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 7321 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–199, title II, §201, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1475, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a Short Title of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title] shall be construed to imply any limitation on any protections afforded by any other provision of law to employees and applicants."

Pub. L. 105–339, §6(d), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3188, provided that: "This section [amending this section and repealing section 1599c of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall be treated as if it had never been enacted for purposes of any personnel action (within the meaning of section 2302 of title 5, United States Code) preceding the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1998]."

Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §104(b)(2), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1467, provided that: "Agencies making use of any nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement shall also post the statement required under section 2302(b)(13) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this Act) on the agency website, accompanied by the specific list of controlling Executive orders and statutory provisions."

Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §104(b)(3), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1467, provided that: "With respect to a nondisclosure policy, form, or agreement that was in effect before the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 2012 Amendment note above], but that does not contain the statement required under section 2302(b)(13) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this Act) for implementation or enforcement—

"(A) it shall not be a prohibited personnel practice to enforce that policy, form, or agreement with regard to a current employee if the agency gives such employee notice of the statement; and

"(B) it shall not be a prohibited personnel practice to enforce that policy, form, or agreement after the effective date of this Act with regard to a former employee if the agency complies with paragraph (2) of this subsection [set out as a note above]."

Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §110, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1471, as amended by Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(a)(2)(C), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(3)(C), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1618, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'agency' has the meaning given under section 2302(a)(2)(C) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'applicant' means an applicant for a covered position;

"(3) the term 'censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information' means any effort to distort, misrepresent, or suppress research, analysis, or technical information;

"(4) the term 'covered position' has the meaning given under section 2302(a)(2)(B) of title 5, United States Code;

"(5) the term 'employee' means an employee in a covered position in an agency; and

"(6) the term 'disclosure' has the meaning given under section 2302(a)(2)(D) of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) shall come within the protections of section 2302(b)(8)(A) of title 5, United States Code, if—

"(i) the employee or applicant reasonably believes that the censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information is or will cause—

"(I) any violation of law, rule, or regulation; or

"(II) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and

"(ii) such disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law or such information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept classified in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs; and

"(B) shall come within the protections of section 2302(b)(8)(B) of title 5, United States Code, if—

"(i) the employee or applicant reasonably believes that the censorship related to research, analysis, or technical information is or will cause—

"(I) any violation of law, rule, or regulation; or

"(II) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; and

"(ii) the disclosure is made to the Special Counsel, or to the Inspector General of an agency or another person designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures, consistent with the protection of sources and methods.

"(2)

"(3)

Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §115, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1472, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) it shall not be a prohibited personnel practice to enforce that policy, form, or agreement with regard to a current employee if the agency gives such employee notice of the statement; and

"(ii) it shall not be a prohibited personnel practice to enforce that policy, form, or agreement after the effective date of this Act with regard to a former employee if the agency complies with paragraph (2).

"(b)

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 17, 2009, 74 F.R. 29393, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Millions of hard-working, dedicated, and patriotic public servants are employed by the Federal Government as part of the civilian workforce, and many of these devoted Americans have same-sex domestic partners. Leading companies in the private sector are free to provide to same-sex domestic partners the same benefits they provide to married people of the opposite sex. Executive departments and agencies, however, may only provide benefits on that basis if they have legal authorization to do so. My Administration is not authorized by Federal law to extend a number of available Federal benefits to the same-sex partners of Federal employees. Within existing law, however, my Administration, in consultation with the Secretary of State, who oversees our Foreign Service employees, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, who oversees human resource management for our civil service employees, has identified areas in which statutory authority exists to achieve greater equality for the Federal workforce through extension to same-sex domestic partners of benefits currently available to married people of the opposite sex. Extending available benefits will help the Federal Government compete with the private sector to recruit and retain the best and the brightest employees.

I hereby request the following:

*Extension of Identified Benefits*. The Secretary of State and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall, in consultation with the Department of Justice, extend the benefits they have respectively identified to qualified same-sex domestic partners of Federal employees where doing so can be achieved and is consistent with Federal law.

*Review of Governmentwide Benefits*. The heads of all other executive departments and agencies, in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, shall conduct a review of the benefits provided by their respective departments and agencies to determine what authority they have to extend such benefits to same-sex domestic partners of Federal employees. The results of this review shall be reported within 90 days to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, who, in consultation with the Department of Justice, shall recommend to me any additional measures that can be taken, consistent with existing law, to provide benefits to the same-sex domestic partners of Federal Government employees.

*Promoting Compliance with Existing Law Requiring Federal Workplaces to be Free of Discrimination Based on Non-Merit Factors*. The Office of Personnel Management shall issue guidance within 90 days to all executive departments and agencies regarding compliance with, and implementation of, the civil service laws, rules, and regulations, including 5 U.S.C. 2302(b)(10), which make it unlawful to discriminate against Federal employees or applicants for Federal employment on the basis of factors not related to job performance.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) Authority granted by law or Executive Order to an agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) Functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

*Publication*. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 2, 2010, 75 F.R. 32247, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

For far too long, many of our Government's hard-working, dedicated LGBT employees have been denied equal access to the basic rights and benefits their colleagues enjoy. This kind of systemic inequality undermines the health, well-being, and security not just of our Federal workforce, but also of their families and communities. That is why, last June, I directed the heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies), in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), to conduct a thorough review of the benefits they provide and to identify any that could be extended to LGBT employees and their partners and families. Although legislative action is necessary to provide full equality to LGBT Federal employees, the agencies have identified a number of benefits that can be extended under existing law. OPM, in consultation with the Department of Justice, has provided me with a report recommending that all of the identified benefits be extended.

Accordingly, I hereby direct the following:

*Immediate Actions To Extend Benefits*. Agencies should immediately take the following actions, consistent with existing law, in order to extend benefits to the same-sex domestic partners of Federal employees, and, where applicable, to the children of same-sex domestic partners of Federal employees:

(a) The Director of OPM should take appropriate action to:

(i) clarify that the children of employees' same-sex domestic partners fall within the definition of "child" for purposes of Federal child-care subsidies, and, where appropriate, for child-care services;

(ii) clarify that, for purposes of employee assistance programs, same-sex domestic partners and their children qualify as "family members";

(iii) issue a proposed rule that would clarify that employees' same-sex domestic partners qualify as "family members" for purposes of noncompetitive appointments made pursuant to Executive Order 12721 of July 30, 1990;

(iv) issue a proposed rule that would add a Federal retiree's same-sex domestic partner to the list of individuals presumed to have an insurable interest in the employee pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 8339(k)(1), 8420;

(v) clarify that under appropriate circumstances, employees' same-sex domestic partners and their children qualify as dependents for purposes of evacuation payments made under 5 U.S.C. 5522–5523; Folio: 1632 [sic]

(vi) amend its guidance on implementing President Clinton's April 11, 1997, memorandum to heads of executive departments and agencies on "Expanded Family and Medical Leave Policies" to specify that the 24 hours of unpaid leave made available to Federal employees in connection with (i) school and early childhood educational activities; (ii) routine family medical purposes; and (iii) elderly relatives' health or care needs, may be used to meet the needs of an employee's same-sex domestic partner or the same-sex domestic partner's children; and

(vii) clarify that employees' same-sex domestic partners qualify as dependents for purposes of calculating the extra allowance payable under 5 U.S.C. 5942a to assist employees stationed on Johnston Island, subject to any limitations applicable to spouses.

(b) The Administrator of General Services should take appropriate action to amend the definitions of "immediate family" and "dependent" appearing in the Federal Travel Regulations, 41 C.F.R. Chs. 300–304, to include same-sex domestic partners and their children, so that employees and their domestic partners and children can obtain the full benefits available under applicable law, including certain travel, relocation, and subsistence payments.

(c) All agencies offering any of the benefits specified by OPM in implementing guidance under section 3 of this memorandum, including credit union membership, access to fitness facilities, and access to planning and counseling services, should take all appropriate action to provide the same level of benefits that is provided to employees' spouses and their children to employees' same-sex domestic partners and their children.

(d) All agencies with authority to provide benefits to employees outside of the context of title 5, United States Code should take all appropriate actions to ensure that the benefits being provided to employees' spouses and their children are also being provided, at an equivalent level wherever permitted by law, to their employees' same-sex domestic partners and their children.

*Continuing Obligation To Provide New Benefits*. In the future, all agencies that provide new benefits to the spouses of Federal employees and their children should, to the extent permitted by law, also provide them to the same-sex domestic partners of their employees and those same-sex domestic partners' children. This section applies to appropriated and nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of such agencies.

*Monitoring and Guidance*. The Director of OPM shall monitor compliance with this memorandum, and may instruct agencies to provide the Director with reports on the status of their compliance, and prescribe the form Folio: 1633 [sic] and manner of such reports. The Director of OPM shall also issue guidance to ensure consistent and appropriate implementation.

*Reporting*. By April 1, 2011, and annually thereafter, the Director of OPM shall provide the President with a report on the progress of the agencies in implementing this memorandum until such time as all recommendations have been appropriately implemented.

*General Provisions*. (a) Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law or Executive Order to an agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

*Publication*. The Director of OPM is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) Any employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who has authority to take, direct others to take, recommend, or approve any personnel action, shall not, with respect to such authority, take or fail to take a personnel action with respect to an employee in, or applicant for, a position in the Bureau as a reprisal for a disclosure of information—

(1) made—

(A) in the case of an employee, to a supervisor in the direct chain of command of the employee, up to and including the head of the employing agency;

(B) to the Inspector General;

(C) to the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Department of Justice;

(D) to the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(E) to the Inspection Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(F) as described in section 7211;

(G) to the Office of Special Counsel; or

(H) to an employee designated by any officer, employee, office, or division described in subparagraphs (A) through (G) for the purpose of receiving such disclosures; and

(2) which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences—

(A) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or

(B) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.

For the purpose of this subsection, "personnel action" means any action described in clauses (i) through (x) of section 2302(a)(2)(A) of this title with respect to an employee in, or applicant for, a position in the Bureau (other than a position of a confidential, policy-determining, policymaking, or policy-advocating character).

(b) The Attorney General shall prescribe regulations to ensure that such a personnel action shall not be taken against an employee of the Bureau as a reprisal for any disclosure of information described in subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The President shall provide for the enforcement of this section in a manner consistent with applicable provisions of sections 1214 and 1221 of this title.

(d)(1) An employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation who makes an allegation of a reprisal under regulations promulgated under this section may appeal a final determination or corrective action order by the Bureau under those regulations to the Merit Systems Protection Board pursuant to section 1221.

(2) If no final determination or corrective action order has been made or issued for an allegation described in paragraph (1) before the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date on which the allegation is received by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the employee described in that paragraph may seek corrective action directly from the Merit Systems Protection Board pursuant to section 1221.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1117; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §9(a)(1), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 114–302, §2, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1516; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5304(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3250.)

**2022**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–263 added subsec. (d).

**2016**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–302 substituted "an employee in, or applicant for, a position in the Bureau as a reprisal for a disclosure of information—" for "any employee of the Bureau as a reprisal for a disclosure of information by the employee to the Attorney General (or an employee designated by the Attorney General for such purpose) which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences—" in introductory provisions, added pars. (1) and (2), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

"(1) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or

"(2) mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety".

**1989**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "applicable provisions of sections 1214 and 1221" for "the provisions of section 1206".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–118, title I, §110(b), Jan. 19, 2018, 132 Stat. 16, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) made—

"(i) to a supervisor in the direct chain of command of the contractor employee;

"(ii) to the Inspector General;

"(iii) to the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Department of Justice;

"(iv) to the Office of Professional Responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

"(v) to the Inspection Division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

"(vi) to the Office of Special Counsel; or

"(vii) to an employee designated by any officer, employee, office, or division described in clauses (i) through (vii) for the purpose of receiving such disclosures; and

"(B) which the contractor employee reasonably believes evidences—

"(i) any violation of any law, rule, or regulation (including with respect to evidence of another employee or contractor employee accessing or sharing classified information without authorization); or

"(ii) gross mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A) The term 'contractor employee' means an employee of a contractor, subcontractor, grantee, subgrantee, or personal services contractor, of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

"(B) The term 'personnel action' means any action described in clauses (i) through (x) of section 2302(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, with respect to a contractor employee."

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 14, 1997, 62 F.R. 23123, provided:

Memorandum for the Attorney General

By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to the Attorney General the functions concerning employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation vested in the President by section 101(a) of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–454), as amended by the Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–12), and codified at section 2303(c) of title 5, United States Code, and direct the Attorney General to establish appropriate processes within the Department of Justice to carry out these functions. Not later than March 1 of each year, the Attorney General shall provide a report to the President stating the number of allegations of reprisal received during the preceding calendar year, the disposition of each allegation resolved during the preceding calendar year, and the number of unresolved allegations pending as of the end of the calendar year.

All of the functions vested in the President by section 2303(c) of title 5, United States Code, and delegated to the Attorney General, may be redelegated, as appropriate, provided that such functions may not be redelegated to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

(a)

(1) the provisions of section 2302(b)(1), (8), and (9);

(2) any provision of law implementing section 2302(b)(1), (8), or (9) by providing any right or remedy available to an employee or applicant for employment in the civil service; and

(3) any rule or regulation prescribed under any provision of law referred to in paragraph (1) or (2).

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §109(a)(2), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1470.)

A prior section 2304 was renumbered section 2305 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §109(c), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1471, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and renumbering sections 2304 and 2305 of this title as sections 2305 and 2306, respectively, of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 27, 2012]."

If requested by either House of the Congress (or any committee thereof), or if considered necessary by the Comptroller General, the Government Accountability Office shall conduct audits and reviews to assure compliance with the laws, rules, and regulations governing employment in the executive branch and in the competitive service and to assess the effectiveness and soundness of Federal personnel management.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1118, §2304; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(6), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346; Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2181(e), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; renumbered §2305, Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §109(a)(1), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1470.)

A prior section 2305 was renumbered section 2306 of this title.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–199 renumbered section 2304 of this title as this section.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in section catchline and text.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66 struck out subsec. (a) designation before "If requested by" and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The General Accounting Office shall prepare and submit an annual report to the President and the Congress on the activities of the Merit Systems Protection Board and the Office of Personnel Management. The report shall include a description of—

"(1) significant actions taken by the Board to carry out its functions under this title; and

"(2) significant actions of the Office of Personnel Management, including an analysis of whether or not the actions of the Office are in accord with merit system principles and free from prohibited personnel practices."

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "The" for "the" at beginning of first sentence.

No provision of this chapter, or action taken under this chapter, shall be construed to impair the authorities and responsibilities set forth in section 102 of the National Security Act of 1947 (61 Stat. 495; 50 U.S.C. 403),1 the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 208; 50 U.S.C. 403a and following),1 the Act entitled "An Act to provide certain administrative authorities for the National Security Agency, and for other purposes", approved May 29, 1959 (73 Stat. 63; 50 U.S.C. 402 note),1 and the Act entitled "An Act to amend the Internal Security Act of 1950", approved March 26, 1964 (78 Stat. 168; 50 U.S.C. 831–835).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1118, §2305; renumbered §2306, Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §109(a)(1), Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1470.)

The National Security Act of 1947, referred to in text, is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 15 (§401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in chapter 44 (§3001 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 102 of the Act was repealed by Pub. L. 104–293, title VIII, §805(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3477, another section 102 was repealed by Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §§1011(a), 1097(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3643, 3698, and subsequently another section 102, as added by Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1011(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3644, was classified to section 403 of Title 50 prior to editorial reclassification to section 3023 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, referred to in text, is act June 20, 1949, ch. 227, 63 Stat. 208, which was formerly classified generally to section 403a et seq. of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in Title 50, and is now classified generally to chapter 46 (§3501 et seq.) of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Act entitled "An Act to provide certain administrative authorities for the National Security Agency, and for other purposes", approved May 29, 1959, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 86–36, May 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 63, which was formerly set out as a note under section 402 of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in Title 50, and is now classified generally to chapter 47 (§3601 et seq.) of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Act entitled "An Act to amend the Internal Security Act of 1950", approved March 26, 1964, referred to in text, is act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1024, title III, as added Mar. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–290, 78 Stat. 168, which is classified principally to subchapter III (§831 et seq.) of chapter 23 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–199 renumbered section 2305 of this title as this section.

1 See References in Text note below.

Section, added Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(b), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1239, related to information on whistleblower protections and agency responsibilities.



**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(16), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" in item 2951.

The President may make out and deliver, after adjournment of the Senate, the commission of an officer whose appointment has been confirmed by the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 411.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 10. | R.S. §1773. |


The words "confirmed by" are substituted for "advised and consented to".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Except as provided by subsections (b) and (c) of this section, the Secretary of State shall make out and record, and affix the seal of the United States to, the commission of an officer appointed by the President. The seal of the United States may not be affixed to the commission before the commission has been signed by the President.

(b) The commission of an officer in the civil service or uniformed services under the control of the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of a military department, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of Homeland Security, or the Secretary of the Treasury shall be made out and recorded in the department in which he is to serve under the seal of that department. The departmental seal may not be affixed to the commission before the commission has been signed by the President.

(c) The commissions of judicial officers and United States attorneys and marshals, appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and other commissions which before August 8, 1888, were prepared at the Department of State on the requisition of the Attorney General, shall be made out and recorded in the Department of Justice under the seal of that department and countersigned by the Attorney General. The departmental seal may not be affixed to the commission before the commission has been signed by the President.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(3), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(2), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 4 U.S.C. 42 (as applicable to civil commissions). | [None.] |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 11. | Mar. 3, 1875, ch. 131, §14, 18 Stat. 420. |

Mar. 28, 1896, ch. 73, 29 Stat. 75. | ||

Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1422, 33 Stat. 990. | ||

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 12. | Aug. 8, 1888, ch. 786, 25 Stat. 387. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as provided by subsections (b) and (c) of this section," are added on authority of former sections 11 and 12, which are codified in subsections (b) and (c) of this section. The words "the commission of an officer" are substituted for "all civil commissions for officers of the United States" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104. The words "by the President" are coextensive with and substituted for "by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or by the President alone".

In subsection (b), the words "officer in the civil service or uniformed services" are substituted for "officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104. The words "direction and" are omitted as included within "the control". The words "the Secretary of Defense" are added on authority of the Acts of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §305(a), 61 Stat. 508, and Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §12(g), 63 Stat. 591. The words "the Secretary of a military department" are substituted for "the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy" (appearing in the Act of Mar. 28, 1896) because of the definition of "military department" in section 102. The title of the Secretary of War was changed to Secretary of the Army by the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §205, 61 Stat. 501. "Secretary of the Air Force" is included on authority of the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §207(a), (f), 61 Stat. 502. The words "Secretary of Commerce" are substituted for "Secretary of Commerce and Labor" on authority of the Act of Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 141, §1, 37 Stat. 736. The words "under the departmental seal" are substituted for "and the departmental seal affixed thereto". The words "any laws to the contrary notwithstanding" are omitted as unnecessary. The last sentence of section 14 of the Act of Mar. 3, 1875, is omitted as executed.

In subsection (c), the words "and shall be" and "any laws to the contrary notwithstanding" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2006**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–241 inserted "the Secretary of Homeland Security," after "the Secretary of the Interior,".

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out "the Postmaster General," after "under the control of".

(a) The oath of office required by section 3331 of this title may be administered by an individual authorized by the laws of the United States or local law to administer oaths in the State, District, or territory or possession of the United States where the oath is administered.

(b) An employee of an Executive agency designated in writing by the head of the Executive agency, or the Secretary of a military department with respect to an employee of his department, may administer—

(1) the oath of office required by section 3331 of this title, incident to entrance into the executive branch; or

(2) any other oath required by law in connection with employment in the executive branch.

(c) An oath authorized or required under the laws of the United States may be administered by—

(1) the Vice President; or

(2) an individual authorized by local law to administer oaths in the State, District, or territory or possession of the United States where the oath is administered.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 411.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 18. | R.S. §1758. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 16a(a) (less 1st 9 words after last comma). | June 26, 1943, ch. 145, §206 (less 1st 9 words after last comma), 57 Stat. 196. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 16a(b). | Sept. 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–332 (par. under "General Provision"), 75 Stat. 743. |

5 U.S.C. 92a. | July 3, 1926, ch. 752, 44 Stat. 830. |


In subsection (b), the words "On and after June 26, 1943" are omitted as executed, and the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The words "Executive agency" are coextensive with and substituted for "executive departments or independent establishments, including any agency the majority of the stock of which is owned by the Government of the United States" because of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. The words "or the Secretary of a military department with respect to an employee of his department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301. The words "of the Federal Government" and "and to have the same force and effect as oaths administered by officers having seals" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (c), the word "Constitution" is omitted because "laws", as used in this title, encompasses the Constitution. In subsection (c)(1), the words "of the United States" are omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (c)(2), the words "an individual authorized by local law to administer oaths in the State, District, or territory, or possession of the United States where the oath is administered" are coextensive with and substituted for "notaries public duly appointed in any State, District, or Territory of the United States, by clerks and prothonotaries of courts of record of any such State, District, or Territory, by the deputies of such clerks and prothonotaries, and by all magistrates authorized by the laws of or pertaining to any such State, District, or Territory to administer oaths".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An employee of an Executive agency who is authorized to administer the oath of office required by section 3331 of this title, or any other oath required by law in connection with employment in the executive branch, may not charge or receive a fee or pay for administering the oath.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 412.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 16a(a) (1st 9 words after last comma). | June 26, 1943, ch. 145, §206 (1st 9 words after last comma), 57 Stat. 196. | |

Sept. 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–332 (so much of par. under "General Provision" as inserted "(a)"), 75 Stat. 743. | ||

5 U.S.C. 20. | Aug. 29, 1890, ch. 820, §1 (2d sentence under "Fourth Auditor's Office"), 26 Stat. 371. |


The section is restated to combine former sections 16a(a) (1st 9 words after last comma) and 20. The prohibition is restated in positive form. The words "officer" and "clerk" are omitted as included in "employee". Reference to oaths taken on promotion is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) An employee of an Executive agency or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia who, on original appointment, subscribed to the oath of office required by section 3331 of this title is not required to renew the oath because of a change in status so long as his service is continuous in the agency in which he is employed, unless, in the opinion of the head of the Executive agency, the Secretary of a military department with respect to an employee of his department, or the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, the public interest so requires.

(b) An individual who, on appointment as an employee of a House of Congress, subscribed to the oath of office required by section 3331 of this title is not required to renew the oath so long as his service as an employee of that House of Congress is continuous.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 412.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 17b. | Aug. 14, 1937, ch. 624, 50 Stat. 640. Nov. 22, 1943, ch. 303, 57 Stat. 591. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 17c. | Mar. 28, 1955, ch. 17, 69 Stat. 14. |


In subsection (a), the word "civilian" is omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The words "Executive agency" are coextensive with and substituted for "executive departments and independent establishments of the United States" because of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. The words "the Secretary of a military department with respect to an employee of his department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The oath of office taken by an individual under section 3331 of this title shall be delivered by him to, and preserved by, the House of Congress, agency, or court to which the office pertains.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 412.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 21. | R.S. §1759. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The President may prescribe rules which shall provide, as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant, that—

(1) the appointing authority notify the Office of Personnel Management in writing of the following actions and their dates as to each individual selected for appointment in the competitive service from among those who have been examined—

(A) appointment and residence of appointee;

(B) separation during probation;

(C) transfer;

(D) resignation; and

(E) removal; and

(2) the Office keep records of these actions.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), (16), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1226.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 633(2)8 (less last sentence). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(2)8 (less last sentence), 22 Stat. 404. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is added on authority of former section 633(1), which is carried into section 3302.

In paragraph (1), the word "authority" is substituted for "power". The words "or employment" are omitted as included within "appointment".

In paragraph (1)(B), the words "separation during probation" are substituted for "of the rejection of any such person after probation". The words "rejection . . . after probation" refer to a rejection, i.e., separation, after a portion of the probationary period has been served but before the end of the probationary period. This is so because an individual can be rejected only during the probationary period. After he has completed the probationary period, he can be removed only under procedures governing removals from the competitive service, and removals of this nature are covered by paragraph (E).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(16), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" in section catchline.

Pars. (1), (2). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Except when a different time is specifically prescribed by statute, the head of each Executive department or military department shall make the annual reports, required to be submitted to Congress, at the beginning of each regular session of Congress. The reports shall cover the transactions of the preceding year.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 413.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 106. | R.S. §195. |


The words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101.

The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Each report, recommendation, or other communication, of an official nature, of an Executive agency which—

(1) relates to pending or proposed legislation which, if enacted, will entail an estimated annual expenditure of appropriated funds in excess of $1,000,000;

(2) is submitted or transmitted to Congress or a committee thereof in compliance with law or on the initiative of the appropriate authority of the executive branch; and

(3) officially proposes or recommends the creation or expansion, either by action of Congress or by administrative action, of a function, activity, or authority of the Executive agency to be in addition to those functions, activities, and authorities thereof existing when the report, recommendation, or other communication is so submitted or transmitted;

shall contain a statement, concerning the Executive agency, for each of the first 5 fiscal years during which each additional or expanded function, activity, or authority so proposed or recommended is to be in effect, setting forth the following information—

(A) the estimated maximum additional—

(i) man-years of civilian employment, by general categories of positions;

(ii) expenditures for personal services; and

(iii) expenditures for all purposes other than personal services;

which are attributable to the function, activity, or authority and which will be required to be effected by the Executive agency in connection with the performance thereof; and

(B) such other statement, discussion, explanation, or other information as is considered advisable by the appropriate authority of the executive branch or that is required by Congress or a committee thereof.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to—

(1) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(2) a Government controlled corporation; or

(3) the Government Accountability Office.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 642a. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §11; added July 25, 1956, ch. 730, §1, 70 Stat. 652. |


In subsection (a), the words, "Executive agency" are substituted for "department, agency, or independent establishment of the executive branch of the Federal Government (including any corporation wholly owned by the United States)" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. The exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is subsection (b) (2) is added to preserve the application to corporations wholly owned by the United States.

The exception of "the General Accounting Office" in subsection (b)(3) is added to preserve application to the executive branch.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

An Executive agency, on request of the Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives, or of any seven members thereof, or on request of the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, or any five members thereof, shall submit any information requested of it relating to any matter within the jurisdiction of the committee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 103–437, §3(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4581.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 105a. | May 29, 1928, ch. 901, §2, 45 Stat. 996. |


The words "Executive agency" are substituted for "executive department and independent establishment" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105.

The words "Committee on Government Operations of the House of Representatives" are substituted for "Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments of the House of Representatives" on authority of H. Res. 647 of the 82d Congress, adopted July 3, 1952.

The words "Committee on Government Operations of the Senate" are substituted for "Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments of the Senate" on authority of S. Res. 280 of the 82d Congress, adopted Mar. 3, 1952.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–437 substituted "Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate" for "Committee on Government Operations of the Senate".

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Government Operations of House of Representatives treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.








**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1108(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2009, added items 3115 and 3116.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–1, §2(b), Jan. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 5, added subchapter V heading and items 3171 and 3172.

**2011**—Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1109(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1615, added item 3111a.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §929G(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1856, added item 3114 and struck out former item 3114 "Appointment of accountants, economists, and examiners by the Securities and Exchange Commission".

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–44, §2(b), July 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 843, added item 3114.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1101(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–310, added subchapter IV heading and item 3161.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §638(b), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1317, added item 3113.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2181(a)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732, struck out item 3135 "Biennial report".

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–325, §1(b), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581, added subchapter III heading and items 3151 and 3152.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–523, §1(b), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040, substituted "personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and" for "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for" in item 3102.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §§301(b), 302(b)(1), 307(b)(3), title IV, §402(c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1145, 1146, 1148, 1160, added heading for subchapter I, substituted "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for deaf employees" for "readers for blind employees" in item 3102, and added items 3111, 3112, heading for subchapter II, and items 3131 to 3136.

Pub. L. 95–251, §2(c)(2), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 184, substituted "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners" in item 3105.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §221(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 640, added item 3110.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(10), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381, added heading for subchapter I.

Each Executive agency, military department, and the government of the District of Columbia may employ such number of employees of the various classes recognized by chapter 51 of this title as Congress may appropriate for from year to year.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 414.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 43. | R.S. §169. June 26, 1930, ch. 618, 46 Stat. 817. |
|

5 U.S.C. 514d (2d par.). | Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, §709, 58 Stat. 743. |


The authorization is restated to conform to the style of this title. The word "Executive agency" are substituted for "executive department, independent establishment" in view of the definitions in sections 103, 104, and 105. The source statute (an act to authorize the appointment of employees in the executive branch etc.) applied to the entire executive branch, and government corporations as well as other agencies in the executive branch were included within the words "independent establishment". The words "or a military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source statute. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source statute for this subsection, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301. The words "for services in the District of Columbia or elsewhere" are eliminated as surplusage. The reference to chapter 51 is substituted for the reference to the Classification Act of 1923 because the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1106(a), 63 Stat. 972, amended the section to refer to the Classification Act of 1949, which is carried into this title. The proviso in former section 43 and former section 514d (2d par.) are omitted as superseded by former section 22a, which is carried into section 302. The last sentence of the Act of June 26, 1930, is omitted as executed.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pub. L. 114–136, §4, Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'agency' has the meaning given the term 'Executive agency' in section 105 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'covered civil service position' means a position in the civil service (as defined in section 2101 of title 5, United States Code) that is not—

"(A) a temporary position; or

"(B) a political position;

"(3) the term 'former political appointee' means an individual who—

"(A) is not serving in an appointment to a political position; and

"(B) served as a political appointee during the 5-year period ending on the date of the request for an appointment to a covered civil service position in any agency;

"(4) the term 'political appointee' means an individual serving in an appointment to a political position; and

"(5) the term 'political position' means—

"(A) a position described under sections 5312 through 5316 of title 5, United States Code (relating to the Executive Schedule);

"(B) a noncareer appointment in the Senior Executive Service, as defined under paragraph (7) of section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code; or

"(C) a position in the executive branch of the Government of a confidential or policy-determining character under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) for each request by an agency that a political appointee be appointed to a covered civil service position during the period covered by the report, provide—

"(i) the date on which the request was received by the Office of Personnel Management;

"(ii) subject to subsection (c), the name of the individual and the political position held by the individual, including title, office, and agency;

"(iii) the date on which the individual was first appointed to a political position in the agency in which the individual is serving as a political appointee;

"(iv) the grade and rate of basic pay for the individual as a political appointee;

"(v) the proposed covered civil service position, including title, office, and agency, and the proposed grade and rate of basic pay for the individual;

"(vi) whether the Office of Personnel Management approved or denied the request; and

"(vii) the date on which the individual was appointed to a covered civil service position, if applicable; and

"(B) for each request by an agency that a former political appointee be appointed to a covered civil service position during the period covered by the report, provide—

"(i) the date on which the request was received by the Office of Personnel Management;

"(ii) subject to subsection (c), the name of the individual and the political position held by the individual, including title, office, and agency;

"(iii) the date on which the individual was first appointed to any political position;

"(iv) the grade and rate of basic pay for the individual as a political appointee;

"(v) the date on which the individual ceased to serve in a political position;

"(vi) the proposed covered civil service position, including title, office, and agency, and the proposed grade and rate of basic pay for the individual;

"(vii) whether the Office of Personnel Management approved or denied the request; and

"(viii) the date on which the individual was first appointed to a covered civil service position, if applicable.

"(2)

"(c)

"(1) who—

"(A) was requested to be appointed to a covered civil service position; and

"(B) was not appointed to a covered civil service position; or

"(2) relating to whom a request to be appointed to a covered civil service position is pending at the end of the period covered by that report."

Pub. L. 103–226, §5, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 115, as amended by Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §631, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2424; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) 2,084,600 during fiscal year 1994;

"(2) 2,043,300 during fiscal year 1995;

"(3) 2,003,300 during fiscal year 1996;

"(4) 1,963,300 during fiscal year 1997;

"(5) 1,922,300 during fiscal year 1998; and

"(6) 1,882,300 during fiscal year 1999.

"(c)

"(1) continuously monitor all agencies and make a determination on the first date of each quarter of each applicable fiscal year of whether the requirements under subsection (b) are met; and

"(2) notify the President and the Congress on the first date of each quarter of each applicable fiscal year of any determination that any requirement of subsection (b) is not met.

"(d)

"(e)

"(1)

"(A) the existence of a state of war or other national security concern so requires; or

"(B) the existence of an extraordinary emergency threatening life, health, safety, property, or the environment so requires.

"(2)

"(A) Subsection (d) may be waived, in the case of a particular position or category of positions in an agency, upon a determination of the President that the efficiency of the agency or the performance of a critical agency mission so requires.

"(B) Whenever the President grants a waiver pursuant to subparagraph (A), the President shall take all necessary actions to ensure that the overall limitations set forth in subsection (b) are not exceeded.

"(f)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(i) paragraph (1) shall apply to vacancies created in such agency; and

"(ii) the reductions required pursuant to clause (i) shall be made in the number of funded employee positions in such agency.

"(B)

"(C)

"(g)

Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §311, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1153, which provided that the total number of civilian employees in the executive branch, on Sept. 30, 1979, on Sept. 30, 1980, and Sept. 30, 1981, shall not exceed the number of such employees on Sept. 30, 1977, terminated by its own terms on Jan. 31, 1981.

Pub. L. 91–47, title V, §503, July 22, 1969, 83 Stat. 83, repealed section 201 of Pub. L. 90–364, title II, June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 270, which provided for limitation on the number of civilian officers and employees in the executive branch and which was formerly set out under this section.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, §704, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4705, provided that: "Unless otherwise specified in law during the current fiscal year, no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act shall be used to pay the compensation of any officer or employee of the Government of the United States (including any agency the majority of the stock of which is owned by the Government of the United States) whose post of duty is in the continental United States unless such person: (1) is a citizen of the United States; (2) is a person who is lawfully admitted for permanent residence and is seeking citizenship as outlined in 8 U.S.C. 1324b(a)(3)(B); (3) is a person who is admitted as a refugee under 8 U.S.C. 1157 or is granted asylum under 8 U.S.C. 1158 and has filed a declaration of intention to become a lawful permanent resident and then a citizen when eligible; or (4) is a person who owes allegiance to the United States: *Provided*, That for purposes of this section, affidavits signed by any such person shall be considered prima facie evidence that the requirements of this section with respect to his or her status are being complied with: *Provided further*, That for purposes of paragraphs (2) and (3) such affidavits shall be submitted prior to employment and updated thereafter as necessary: *Provided further*, That any person making a false affidavit shall be guilty of a felony, and upon conviction, shall be fined no more than $4,000 or imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both: *Provided further*, That the above penal clause shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for, any other provisions of existing law: *Provided further*, That any payment made to any officer or employee contrary to the provisions of this section shall be recoverable in action by the Federal Government: *Provided further*, That this section shall not apply to any person who is an officer or employee of the Government of the United States on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 2022], or to international broadcasters employed by the Broadcasting Board of Governors [now the United States Agency for Global Media], or to temporary employment of translators, or to temporary employment in the field service (not to exceed 60 days) as a result of emergencies: *Provided further*, That this section does not apply to the employment as Wildland firefighters for not more than 120 days of nonresident aliens employed by the Department of the Interior or the USDA Forest Service pursuant to an agreement with another country."

Similar provisions to those in the Citizenship Requirement for Employees Compensated From Appropriated Funds note above were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §704, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 293.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, §704, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1430.

Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, §704, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2484.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §704, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 187.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, §704, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 588.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, §704, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 377.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, §704, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2473.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, §§704, 750, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2379, 2392.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, §§704, 744, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 231, 243.

Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, §704, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 929.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §704, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3205.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §704, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 680.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §705, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2019.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §805, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2496.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, §605, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3273.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §605, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 350.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §605, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 464.

Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §605, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 545, as amended by Pub. L. 108–188, title I, §110, Dec. 17, 2003, 117 Stat. 2757.

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §605], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–155.

Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §605, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 466.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §606], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–513.

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §606, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1309.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §606], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–354.

Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §606, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 497.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §606, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2416.

Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §606, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1259.

Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, §607, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1766.

Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §607, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 868.

Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §603, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1471.

Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §603, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 816.

Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §603, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1751.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §603], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–419.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VI, §603], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–328, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VI, §603], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–328.

Pub. L. 99–190, title I, §101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, §603], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291.

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, §604], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963.

Pub. L. 98–151, §101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, §603], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(a) [incorporating H.R. 4121, title VI, §603, for FY 1982], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1830.

Pub. L. 97–92, §101(a) [H.R. 4121, title VI, §603], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1183.

Pub. L. 96–536, §101(a) [incorporating Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §602], Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3166.

Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §602, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 574.

Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §602, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1015.

Pub. L. 95–81, title VI, §602, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 354.

Pub. L. 94–419, title VII, §750, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1299.

Pub. L. 94–363, title VI, §602, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 977.

Pub. L. 94–212, title VII, §753, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 177.

Pub. L. 94–91, title VI, §602, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 458.

Pub. L. 93–381, title VI, §602, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 630.

Pub. L. 93–143, title VI, §602, Oct. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 524.

Pub. L. 92–351, title VI, §602, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 487.

Pub. L. 92–49, title VI, §602, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 122.

Pub. L. 91–439, title V, §502, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 902.

Pub. L. 91–144, title V, §502, Dec. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 336.

Pub. L. 90–479, title V, §502, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 717.

Pub. L. 90–147, title V, §502, Nov. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 483.

Pub. L. 89–689, title V, §502, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1014.

Pub. L. 89–299, title V, §502, Oct. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 1108.

Pub. L. 88–511, title V, §502, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 693.

Pub. L. 88–257, title V, §502, Dec. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 855.

Pub. L. 87–880, title V, §502, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1227.

Pub. L. 87–125, title V, §502, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 282.

Pub. L. 86–642, title II, §202, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 476.

Pub. L. 86–79, title II, §202, July 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 165.

Pub. L. 85–468, title II, §202, June 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 224.

Pub. L. 85–48, title II, §202, June 5, 1957, 71 Stat. 53.

June 13, 1956, ch. 385, title II, §202, 70 Stat. 280.

June 29, 1955, ch. 226, title II, §202, 69 Stat. 195.

Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 935, Ch. XIII, §1302, 68 Stat. 828.

Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 340, Ch. XIII, §1302, 67 Stat. 435.

July 15, 1952, ch. 758, Ch. XIV, §1402, 66 Stat. 659.

Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, Ch. XIII, §1302, 65 Stat. 755.

Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 897, Ch. XII, §1202, 64 Stat. 763.

Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title III, §302, 63 Stat. 661.

Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, title II, §202, 62 Stat. 193.

July 30, 1947, ch. 359, title II, §202, 61 Stat. 608.

Mar. 28, 1946, ch. 113, title II, §206, 60 Stat. 80.

May 3, 1945, ch. 106, title II, §206, 59 Stat. 132.

June 27, 1944, ch. 286, title II, §205, 58 Stat. 385.

June 26, 1943, ch. 145, title II, §205, 57 Stat. 196.

Citizenship requirement for permanent officers and employees of Census Bureau, see section 22 of Title 13, Census.

Exceptions to citizenship requirement for—

Department of Defense personnel, see section 1584 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Department of State employees, see sections 2669, 2672 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Department of the Navy personnel, see section 7473 of Title 10.

Library of Congress positions, see section 169 of Title 2, The Congress.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration employees, see section 20113 of Title 51, National and Commercial Space Programs.

Section 1310 of act Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, Ch. XIII, 65 Stat. 757, as amended June 5, 1952, ch. 369, Ch. XIII, §1302, 66 Stat. 122; Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, title VI, §602, 68 Stat. 1115; Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §717(b), 76 Stat. 858; Aug. 6, 1965, Pub. L. 89–114, 79 Stat. 448; Oct. 11, 1967, Pub. L. 90–105, §3, 81 Stat. 274; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94–273, §4(5), 90 Stat. 377, provided that, upon the enactment of this Act [Nov. 1, 1951] and until termination of the national emergency proclaimed by the President on Dec. 16, 1950, agencies shall use their authority to require initial appointment be made on other than a permanent basis to limit the number of permanent employees, the Civil Service Commission facilitate the transfer of Federal employees from nondefense to defense activities with reemployment rights and make use of its authority to prohibit excessively rapid promotions, and agencies review certain positions annually and report to Congressional committees. All powers and authorities under section 1310 of act Nov. 1, 1951, as amended, terminated 2 years from Sept. 14, 1976, pursuant to Pub. L. 94–412, title I, §101, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255 (50 U.S.C. 1601).

Ex. Ord. No. 12839, Feb. 10, 1993, 58 F.R. 8515, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, section 3301 of title 5, United States Code, and section 1111 of title 31, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Limits on Hiring Civilian Personnel*. Each executive department or agency with over 100 employees shall eliminate not less than 4 percent of its civilian personnel positions (measured on a full-time equivalent (FTE) basis) over the next 3 fiscal years. The positions shall be vacated through attrition or early out programs established at the discretion of the department and agency heads. At least 10 percent of the reductions shall come from the Senior Executive Service, GS–15 and GS–14 levels or equivalent.

*Coverage*. This order applies to all executive branch departments and agencies with over 100 employees (measured on a FTE basis).

*Target Dates*. Each department and agency shall achieve 25 percent of its total reductions by the end of fiscal year 1993, 62.5 percent by the end of fiscal year 1994, and 100 percent by the end of fiscal year 1995.

*Implementation*. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue detailed instructions regarding the implementation of this order, including exemptions necessary for the delivery of essential services and compliance with applicable law.

*Independent Agencies*. All independent regulatory commissions and agencies are requested to comply with the provisions of this order.

William J. Clinton.

Memorandum of the President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 1981, 46 F.R. 9907, provided for a freeze on the hiring of Federal civilian employees in the executive branch.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the Library of Congress; and

(C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch;

(2) "handicapped employee" means an individual employed by an agency who is blind or deaf or who otherwise qualifies as a handicapped individual within the meaning of section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794); 1 and

(3) "nonprofit organization" means an organization determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an organization described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.

(b)(1) The head of each agency may employ one or more personal assistants who the head of the agency determines are necessary to enable a handicapped employee of that agency to perform the employee's official duties and who shall serve without pay from the agency, without regard to—

(A) the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service;

(B) chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title; and

(C) section 1342 of title 31.

Such employment may include the employing of a reading assistant or assistants for a blind employee or an interpreting assistant or assistants for a deaf employee.

(2) A personal assistant, including a reading or interpreting assistant, employed under this subsection may receive pay for services performed by the assistant from the handicapped employee or a nonprofit organization, without regard to section 209 of title 18.

(c) The head of each agency may also employ or assign one or more personal assistants who the head of the agency determines are necessary to enable a handicapped employee of that agency to perform the employee's official duties. Such employment may include the employing of a reading assistant or assistants for a blind employee or an interpreting assistant or assistants for a deaf employee.

(d)(1) In the case of any handicapped employee (including a blind or deaf employee) traveling on official business, the head of the agency may authorize the payment to an individual to accompany or assist (or both) the handicapped employee for all or a portion of the travel period involved. Any payment under this subsection to such an individual may be made either directly to that individual or by advancement or reimbursement to the handicapped employee.

(2) With respect to any individual paid to accompany or assist a handicapped employee under paragraph (1) of this subsection—

(A) the amount paid to that individual shall not exceed the limit or limits which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe by regulation to ensure that the payment does not exceed amounts (including pay and, if appropriate, travel expenses and per diem allowances) which could be paid to an employee assigned to accompany or assist the handicapped employee; and

(B) that individual shall be considered an employee, but only for purposes of chapter 81 of this title (relating to compensation for injury) and sections 2671 through 2680 of title 28 (relating to tort claims).

(e) This section may not be held or considered to prevent or limit in any way the assignment to a handicapped employee (including a blind or deaf employee) by an agency of clerical or secretarial assistance, at the expense of the agency under statutes and regulations currently applicable at the time, if that assistance normally is provided, or authorized to be provided, in that manner under currently applicable statutes and regulations.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(3), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §302(a), (b)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1145, 1146; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(11), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–523, §1(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3039; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 106–518, title III, §311, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §307], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–86.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 43a. | Aug. 29, 1962, Pub. L. 87–614, 76 Stat. 408. |


In subsection (a)(1), the word "agency" is substituted for "department". The words "Executive agency" are coextensive with and substituted for "each executive department of the Federal Government, each agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of such Government, each corporation wholly owned or controlled by such Government, and the General Accounting Office" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105.

In subsection (a)(3), the words "individual employed" are substituted for "employee" so as to include individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia who are not employees as defined by section 2105.

In subsection (b), the word "may" is substituted for "is authorized" and the words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority. The words "in the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service" are substituted for "the civil service rules". The words "section 209 of title 18" are substituted for "section 1914 of title 18" on authority of the Act of Oct. 24, 1962, Pub. L. 87–849, §2, 76 Stat. 1126.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 106–518 and Pub. L. 106–553 amended par. (1) identically, adding subpar. (C).

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b))".

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–523 amended section generally and, among other changes, in section catchline substituted "personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and" for "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for", in subsec. (a) substituted applicability to handicapped employees for applicability to blind and deaf employees omitted applicability to the government of the District of Columbia, in subsec. (b) substituted applicability to personal assistants for applicability to reading and interpreting assistants for blind and deaf employees, respectively, redesignated former subsec. (d) as (c) and made changes in phraseology, added subsec. (d), and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e) and made changes in phraseology.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §302(b)(2), substituted "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for deaf employees" for "readers for blind employees" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 95–454, §302(a)(1), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §302(a)(2), inserted provisions respecting applicability to employment and compensation for interpreting assistant or assistants for deaf employees.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §302(a)(3), inserted "or deaf" after "blind".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §302(a)(4), added subsec. (d).

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Board of Commissioners".

Pub. L. 96–523, §3, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section, section 7 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, formerly set out in the Appendix to this title, section 604 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service] shall take effect sixty days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "(29 U.S.C. 791);".

An individual may be employed in the civil service in an Executive department at the seat of Government only for services actually rendered in connection with and for the purposes of the appropriation from which he is paid. An individual who violates this section shall be removed from the service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 46. | Aug. 5, 1882, ch. 389, §4 (less 255th through 316th words), 22 Stat. 255. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §7, 64 Stat. 986. |
|

5 U.S.C. 47 (so much as relates to removal). | Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §5 (so much as relates to removal), 37 Stat. 414. |


The words "civil officer, draughtsman, copyist, messenger, assistant messenger, mechanic, watchman, laborer, or other employee" are omitted as obsolete language and "individual" is substituted therefor. The words "in the civil service" are added to preserve the application of former section 46 to civilian employees. The words "or subordinate bureaus or offices thereof" are omitted as surplusage. The words "and at the rate of pay usual and proper for the services" are omitted as surplusage since all pay rates are governed by statute.

All after the 75th words of section 4 of the Act of Aug. 5, 1882, as amended by section 7(b) of the Act of Sept. 23, 1950, except the 255th through 316th words, are omitted as executed. The 255th through 296th words are scheduled for repeal as superseded (see Table II–b), and the 297th through 316th words are codified in section 5501. The Act of Aug. 15, 1876, ch. 287, §5, 19 Stat. 169, cited as authority for former section 46 was repealed by section 7(a) of the Act of Sept. 23, 1950.

In the last sentence, the word "removed" is substituted for "summarily removed" because of the provisions of the Lloyd-LaFollette Act, 37 Stat. 555, as amended, and the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which are carried into this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may establish, and from time to time revise, the maximum number of scientific or professional positions for carrying out research and development functions which require the services of specially qualified personnel which may be established outside of the General Schedule. Any such position may be established by action of the Director or, under such standards and procedures as the Office prescribes and publishes in such form as the Director may determine (including procedures under which the prior approval of the Director may be required), by agency action.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to any Senior Executive Service position (as defined in section 3132(a) of this title).

(c) In addition to the number of positions authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Librarian of Congress may establish, without regard to the second sentence of subsection (a) of this section, not more than 8 scientific or professional positions to carry out the research and development functions of the Library of Congress which require the services of specially qualified personnel.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(7), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(5), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(2)(B), (C), title VIII, §801(a)(3)(C), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1178, 1221; Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §101(b), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 821; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(7), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346; Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(1), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1161 (less 2d sentence of (g)). | Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202 "Sec. 1", 75 Stat. 789. Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1001(a)(2) "(g) (less 2d sentence)", 76 Stat. 863. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1162(c). | Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202 "Sec. 2(c)", 75 Stat. 790. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 1163. | Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202 "Sec. 3", 75 Stat. 790. |


In subsection (a), the authority to fix pay is omitted and carried into section 5361.

In subsection (b), the words "subsequent to February 1, 1958" appearing in former section 1162(c) are omitted as obsolete.

The Act of Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, 61 Stat. 715, as amended by the following Acts is omitted from the derivation and repealed (see Table II) as superseded by the Act of Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202, 75 Stat. 789, which is carried into this section and sections 3325 and 5361:

June 24, 1948, ch. 624, 62 Stat. 604.

July 13, 1949, ch. 332, 63 Stat. 410.

July 31, 1956, ch. 804 §501(a), 70 Stat. 761.

Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §28, 70A Stat. 631.

June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §12(a)–(d), 72 Stat. 213A.

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–370, §4, 73 Stat. 651.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

3104(a)(5) | 5 App.: 1161(e). | July 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–492 §5, 80 Stat. 262. |


The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 3104(a)(5) reflects Public Law 89–492, section 5.

The other amendments to 5 U.S.C. 3104 are based on section 302 of the act of July 20, 1958, Public Law 85–568 (72 Stat. 433), 42 U.S.C. 2453, and transfer plan, effective March 15, 1960, 25 Federal Register 2151, section (2)(a)(2), (b) of which in effect transferred from the Department of Defense to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 12 of the 450 scientific and professional positions authorized by section 2 of Public Law 86–377 (10 U.S.C. 1581). Provisions relating to the date for reporting to Congress are based on 10 U.S.C. 1582.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–372 substituted "prescribes and publishes in such form as the Director may determine" for "prescribes".

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out "(not to exceed 517)" after "positions" in first sentence and amended second sentence generally, substituting provisions authorizing establishment of positions by Director and by agency action for provisions specifying that only Director may establish positions.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–386 struck out subsec. (b) relating to reports to Congress, redesignated pars. (1), (2), and (3) of subsec. (a) as subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), respectively, and substituted "subsection (a) of this section" for "paragraph (1) of this subsection" wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) and (c) as redesignated.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(2)(B), substituted provisions authorizing the Director to establish the maximum number of scientific or professional positions, excepting Senior Executive Service positions, and authorizing the Librarian to establish not more than 8 such positions for provisions authorizing the head of certain named agencies to establish a specified number of scientific or professional positions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(2)(B), (C), struck out subsec. (b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b), and substituted in subsec. (b), as redesignated, "to fix under section 5361 of this title the pay for positions established under this section" for "to establish and fix the pay of positions under this section and section 5361 of this title".

Pub. L. 95–454, §801(a)(3)(C), substituted in subsec. (b), as redesignated, "section 5371 of this title" for "section 5361 of this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(2)(C)(i), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed provision for employment in Post Office Department in scientific or professional positions of not more than 6 qualified individuals.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–372 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the 180th day following Oct. 8, 2008, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as a note under section 5376 of this title.

Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 414(a)(2)(B), (C) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 415(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. B, title II, §206, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2312, provided that: "Funds appropriated by this or any other Act, with respect to any fiscal year, under the heading 'Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Salaries and Expenses' shall be available for retention pay for any employee who would otherwise be subject to a reduction in pay upon termination of the Bureau's Personnel Management Demonstration Project (as transferred to the Attorney General by section 1115 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 107–296 (28 U.S.C. 599B)): *Provided*, That such retention pay shall comply with section 5363 of title 5, United States Code, and related Office of Personnel Management regulations, except as provided in this section: *Provided further*, That such retention pay shall be paid at the employee's rate of pay immediately prior to the termination of the demonstration project and shall not be subject to the limitation set forth in section 5304(g)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and related regulations."

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1101, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2139, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1067(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A] title X, §1087(d)(6), title XI, §1113], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293, 1654A–314; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title IX, §921(g), title XI, §1116, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1570, 1636; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title XI, §1103, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1108, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 358; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1104, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2485; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1110, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1615; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(c)(2)(A)(vi), title XI, §1102(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1950, 1973; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XI, §1104, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3525; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §§1075(b), 1081(b)(5), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 997, 1001, allowed Secretary of Defense, from Oct. 17, 1998, to Sept. 30, 2019, to carry out a program of experimental use of special personnel management authority to facilitate recruitment of eminent experts in science or engineering for certain research and development projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1121(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2452. See section 4092 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. B, title II, §206, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2197, provided that: "The Attorney General is authorized to extend through September 30, 2015, the Personnel Management Demonstration Project transferred to the Attorney General pursuant to [former] section 1115 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107–296; 28 U.S.C. 599B) without limitation on the number of employees or the positions covered."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 113–76, div. B, title II, §206, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 67.

Pub. L. 113–6, div. B, title II, §206, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 257.

Pub. L. 112–55, div. B, title II, §206, Nov. 18, 2011, 125 Stat. 619.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. B, title II, §206, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3139.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. B, title II, §206, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 585.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. B, title II, §206, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1913.

Pub. L. 109–108, title I, §106, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2304.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §109, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2868.

Pub. L. 105–119, title I, §122, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2469, as amended by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §102, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–585; Pub. L. 107–67, title I, §120, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title I, §119, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title II, §216, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 320; Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title II, §216, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title II, §216, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2439; Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title I, §115, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1978; Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title I, §113, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title I, §113, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3166; Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title I, §111, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 890, provided that during 3-year period beginning on Nov. 26, 1997, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation could, with approval of Attorney General, establish personnel management system providing for compensation and performance management of not more than 3,000 non-Special Agent employees to fill critical scientific, technical, engineering, intelligence analyst, language translator, and medical positions in Federal Bureau of Investigation, further authorized Secretary of the Treasury to establish, for period of 14 years from Oct. 21, 1998, personnel management demonstration project providing for compensation and performance management of not more than combined total of 950 employees who fill critical scientific, technical, engineering, intelligence analyst, language translator, and medical positions in Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, and further provided for submittal of reports to Congress and termination of authority to establish demonstration project on Nov. 26, 2000.

[Personnel management demonstration project transferred to Attorney General for continued use by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice, and Secretary of the Treasury for continued use by Tax and Trade Bureau, see section 599B of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.]

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(2)(A), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1177, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (other than section 3104 of title 5, United States Code), the authority granted to an agency (as defined in section 5102(a)(1) of such title 5) to establish scientific or professional positions outside of the General Schedule is hereby terminated."

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §415(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1179, provided that the provisions of section 414(a)(2)(A) take effect 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978.

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1178, provided that:

"(A) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection [amending sections 3104 and 5108 of this title] shall not apply with respect to any position so long as the individual occupying such position on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978] continues to occupy such position.

"(B) The Director—

"(i) in establishing under section 5108 of title 5, United States Code, the maximum number of positions which may be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule, and

"(ii) in establishing under section 3104 of such title 5 the maximum number of scientific or professional positions which may be established,

shall take into account positions to which subparagraph (A) of this paragraph applies."

[Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §415(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1179, provided that the provisions of section 414(a)(3) are effective 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978.]

[References in laws to rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of this title, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of this title.]

Each agency shall appoint as many administrative law judges as are necessary for proceedings required to be conducted in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of this title. Administrative law judges shall be assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable, and may not perform duties inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities as administrative law judges.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), (b)(2), (d)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183, 184.)

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5 U.S.C. 1010 (1st sentence). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §11 (1st sentence), 60 Stat. 244. |


The words "Subject to the civil service" are omitted as unnecessary inasmuch as appointments are made subject to the civil service laws unless specifically excepted. The words "and other laws not inconsistent with this chapter" are omitted as unnecessary because of the organization of this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–251 substituted references to administrative law judges for references to hearing examiners in section catchline and wherever appearing in text.

Hearing examiners appointed for Indian probate work pursuant to former section 372–1 of Title 25, Indians, having met qualifications required for appointment pursuant to this section, deemed to have been appointed pursuant to this section, see section 12(b) of Pub. L. 101–301, set out as a Savings Provision note under former section 372–1 of Title 25.

Pub. L. 95–251, §3, Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 184, provided that: "Any reference in any law, regulation, or order to a hearing examiner appointed under section 3105 of title 5, United States Code, shall be deemed to be a reference to an administrative law judge."

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Agriculture not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Commerce not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Commerce by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 5, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Interior not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of the Interior by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, transferred set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Justice not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Attorney General by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3173, 64 Stat. 1261, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Labor not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of Department transferred to Secretary of Labor by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Treasury not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of Department transferred to Secretary of the Treasury by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, §1, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Except as otherwise authorized by law, the head of an Executive department or military department may not employ an attorney or counsel for the conduct of litigation in which the United States, an agency, or employee thereof is a party, or is interested, or for the securing of evidence therefor, but shall refer the matter to the Department of Justice. This section does not apply to the employment and payment of counsel under section 1037 of title 10.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415.)

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5 U.S.C. 49. | R.S. §189. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §7(a), 72 Stat. 1555. |
|

5 U.S.C. 314. | R.S. §365. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §7(b), 72 Stat. 1555. |


Sections 189 and 365 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, are combined and the section is revised to express the effect of the law since department heads have long employed, with the approval of Congress, attorneys to advise them in the conduct of their official duties. The law which concentrates the authority for the conduct of litigation in the Department of Justice is codified in section 516 of title 28 by this bill.

The words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to R.S. §189 is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

R.S. §189 was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 1, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Appropriated funds may not be used to pay a publicity expert unless specifically appropriated for that purpose.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416.)

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5 U.S.C. 54. | Oct. 22, 1913, ch. 32, §1 (last par. under "Interstate Commerce Commission"), 38 Stat. 212. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An individual employed by the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization, may not be employed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89– 554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416.)

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5 U.S.C. 53. | Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 208 (5th par. under "Public Buildings"), 27 Stat. 591. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5721 of this title; and

(2) "appropriation" includes funds made available by statute under section 9104 of title 31.

(b) When authorized by an appropriation or other statute, the head of an agency may procure by contract the temporary (not in excess of 1 year) or intermittent services of experts or consultants or an organization thereof, including stenographic reporting services. Services procured under this section are without regard to—

(1) the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service;

(2) chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title; and

(3) section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, except in the case of stenographic reporting services by an organization.

However, an agency subject to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title may pay a rate for services under this section in excess of the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of this title only when specifically authorized by the appropriation or other statute authorizing the procurement of the services.

(c) Positions in the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service may not be filled under the authority of subsection (b) of this section.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this section. Such regulations shall include—

(1) criteria governing the circumstances in which it is appropriate to employ an expert or consultant under the provisions of this section;

(2) criteria for setting the pay of experts and consultants under this section; and

(3) provisions to ensure compliance with such regulations.

(e) Each agency shall report to the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis with respect to—

(1) the number of days each expert or consultant employed by the agency during the period was so employed; and

(2) the total amount paid by the agency to each expert and consultant for such work during the period.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(4), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(b), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(8), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(4), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

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5 U.S.C. 55a. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §15, 60 Stat. 810. |


In subsection (a), the definitions of "agency" and "appropriation" are added on authority of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §18, 60 Stat. 811.

In subsection (b), the words "the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service" are substituted for "the civil-service laws". The words "chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title" are substituted for the reference to the classification laws which originally meant the Classification Act of 1923, as amended. Exception from the Classification Act of 1949 is based on sections 202(27) and 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 956, 972.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2011**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**1992**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–378 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1982**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 9104" for "section 849".

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454 added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. G, title IV, §401, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 337, provided that: "In fiscal year 2014 and thereafter, the expenditure of any appropriation under this Act [div. G of Pub. L. 113–76, see Tables for classification] or any subsequent Act appropriating funds for departments and agencies funded in this Act, for any consulting service through procurement contract, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3109, shall be limited to those contracts where such expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except where otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive order issued pursuant to existing law."

Pub. L. 102–394, title V, §501, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: "The expenditure of any appropriation under this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts for any consulting service through procurement contract, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3109, shall be limited to those contracts where such expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except where otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive order issued pursuant to existing law."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–170, title V, §501, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1140.

Pub. L. 101–517, title V, §501, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2220.

Pub. L. 101–166, title V, §501, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(h) [title V, §501], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329–287.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §501], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §501], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287.

Pub. L. 99–178, title V, §501, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132.

Pub. L. 98–619, title V, §501, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3332.

Pub. L. 98–139, title V, §501, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 898.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(e)(1) [title V, §501], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904.

Pub. L. 102–394, title V, §503, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: "Appropriations contained in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts, available for salaries and expenses, shall be available for services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109 but at rates for individuals not to exceed the per diem rate equivalent to the maximum rate payable for senior-level positions under 5 U.S.C. 5376."

[For reference to maximum rate under section 5376 of this title, see section 2(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 5376 of this title.]

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–170, title V, §503, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1140.

Pub. L. 101–517, title V, §503, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2221.

Pub. L. 101–166, title V, §503, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(h) [title V, §503], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329–287.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §503], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §503], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287.

Pub. L. 99–178, title V, §503, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132.

Pub. L. 98–619, title V, §503, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3333.

Pub. L. 98–139, title V, §503, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 899.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(e)(1) [title V, §503], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904.

Pub. L. 102–377, title V, §504, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1342, provided that: "The expenditure of any appropriation under this Act or subsequent Energy and Water Development Appropriations Acts for any consulting service through procurement contract, pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, hereafter shall be limited to those contracts where such expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except where otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive Order issued pursuant to existing law."

Ex. Ord. No. 13433, May 16, 2007, 72 F.R. 28441, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. To help ensure the integrity and effective supervision of the legal and expert witness services provided to or on behalf of the United States, it is the policy of the United States that organizations or individuals that provide such services to or on behalf of the United States shall be compensated in amounts that are reasonable, not contingent upon the outcome of litigation or other proceedings, and established according to criteria set in advance of performance of the services, except when otherwise required by law.

*Duties of Agency Heads*. (a) Heads of agencies shall implement within their respective agencies the policy set forth in section 1, consistent with such instructions as the Attorney General may prescribe.

(b) After the date of this order, no agency shall enter into a contingency fee agreement for legal or expert witness services addressed by section 1 of this order, unless the Attorney General has determined that the agency's entry into the agreement is required by law.

(c) Within 90 days after the date of this order, the head of each agency shall notify the Attorney General and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget of any contingency fee agreements for services addressed by section 1 of this order that are in effect as of the date of this order.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) The term "agency" means an executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, and the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission, but shall exclude the Government Accountability Office and elements of the intelligence community (as defined in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 as amended (50 U.S.C. 401a(4)) [now 50 U.S.C. 3003(4)][)].

(b) The term "contingency fee agreement" means a contract or other agreement to provide services under which the amount or the payment of the fee for the services is contingent in whole or in part on the outcome of the matter for which the services were obtained. The term does not include:

(i) qualified tax collection contracts defined in section 6306 of title 26, United States Code, and

(ii) contracts described in sections 3711 and 3718 of title 31, United States Code.

*General Provisions*. (a) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to an agency or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right, benefit, or privilege, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) an office, agency, or other establishment in the legislative branch;

(C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch; and

(D) the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "public official" means an officer (including the President and a Member of Congress), a member of the uniformed service, an employee and any other individual, in whom is vested the authority by law, rule, or regulation, or to whom the authority has been delegated, to appoint, employ, promote, or advance individuals, or to recommend individuals for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement in connection with employment in an agency; and

(3) "relative" means, with respect to a public official, an individual who is related to the public official as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, first cousin, nephew, niece, husband, wife, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather, stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, stepsister, half brother, or half sister.

(b) A public official may not appoint, employ, promote, advance, or advocate for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement, in or to a civilian position in the agency in which he is serving or over which he exercises jurisdiction or control any individual who is a relative of the public official. An individual may not be appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced in or to a civilian position in an agency if such appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement has been advocated by a public official, serving in or exercising jurisdiction or control over the agency, who is a relative of the individual.

(c) An individual appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced in violation of this section is not entitled to pay, and money may not be paid from the Treasury as pay to an individual so appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations authorizing the temporary employment, in the event of emergencies resulting from natural disasters or similar unforeseen events or circumstances, of individuals whose employment would otherwise be prohibited by this section.

(e) This section shall not be construed to prohibit the appointment of an individual who is a preference eligible in any case in which the passing over of that individual on a certificate of eligibles furnished under section 3317(a) of this title will result in the selection for appointment of an individual who is not a preference eligible.

(Added Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §221(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 640; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §220(a)(1), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 639, provided, except as otherwise expressly provided, that: "This section [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8704 of this title] and sections 201 [enacting provisions set out as Short Title note under section 5332 of this title], 207 [amending section 5303 of this title], 212 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5303 of this title], 218 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5332 of this title], 221 [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note under this section], 224(a) and (b) [amending sections 4101 and 8339 of this title], and 225 [enacting sections 351–361 of Title 2, The Congress] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 16, 1967]."

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §221(c), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] do not apply to an appointment, employment, advancement, or promotion made or advocated by a public official of any individual who is a relative of the public official if, prior to the effective date of this section [see Effective Date note above], the individual was appointed by the public official, or received an appointment advocated by the public official, and is serving under the appointment on such effective date."

[Section 221(c) of Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date note above.]

(a) For the purpose of this section, "student" means an individual who is enrolled, not less than half-time, in a high school, trade school, technical or vocational institute, junior college, college, university, or comparable recognized educational institution. An individual who is a student is deemed not to have ceased to be a student during an interim between school years if the interim is not more than 5 months and if such individual shows to the satisfaction of the Office of Personnel Management that the individual has a bona fide intention of continuing to pursue a course of study or training in the same or different educational institution during the school semester (or other period into which the school year is divided) immediately after the interim.

(b) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the head of an agency may accept, subject to regulations issued by the Office, voluntary service for the United States if the service—

(1) is performed by a student, with the permission of the institution at which the student is enrolled, as part of an agency program established for the purpose of providing educational experiences for the student;

(2) is to be uncompensated; and

(3) will not be used to displace any employee.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any student who provides voluntary service under subsection (b) of this section shall not be considered a Federal employee for any purpose other than for purposes of section 7905 (relating to commuting by means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles), chapter 81 (relating to compensation for injury) and sections 2671 through 2680 of title 28 (relating to tort claims).

(2) In addition to being considered a Federal employee for the purposes specified in paragraph (1), any student who provides voluntary service as part of a program established under subsection (b) of this section in the Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, shall be considered an employee of the Department of the Treasury for purposes of—

(A) section 552a of this title (relating to disclosure of records);

(B) subsections (a)(1), (h)(1), (k)(6), and (l)(4) of section 6103 of title 26 (relating to confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return information);

(C) sections 7213(a)(1) and 7431 of title 26 (relating to unauthorized disclosures of returns and return information by Federal employees and other persons); and

(D) section 7423 of title 26 (relating to suits against employees of the United States);

except that returns and return information (as defined in section 6103(b) of title 26) shall be made available to students under such program only to the extent that the Secretary of the Treasury or his designee determines that the duties assigned to such students so require.

(d) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the head of an agency may accept voluntary service for the United States under chapter 37 of this title and regulations of the Office of Personnel Management.

(e)(1) For purposes of this section the term "agency" shall include the Architect of the Capitol. With respect to the Architect of the Capitol, the authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management under this section shall be exercised by the Architect of the Capitol.

(2) In this section, the term "agency" includes the Congressional Budget Office, except that in the case of the Congressional Budget Office—

(A) any student who provides voluntary service in accordance with this section shall be considered an employee of the Congressional Budget Office for purposes of section 203 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (relating to the level of confidentiality of budget data); and

(B) the authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management under this section shall be exercised by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §301(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1144; amended Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(5), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 97–437, Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1314(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(g)(1)(A), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2931; Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1303(a), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2034; Pub. L. 113–76, div. I, title I, §1201(a), Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 426.)

Section 203 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(A), is classified to section 603 of Title 2, The Congress.

**2014**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–76 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**2009**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–68 added subsec. (e).

**2002**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted "section 7905 (relating to commuting by means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles), chapter 81" for "chapter 81 of this title".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–347 added subsec. (d).

**1983**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 97–437, §1(1), substituted "(c)(1) Except as provided in par. (2), any" for "(c) Any".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–437, §1(2), added par. (2).

**1982**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b))".

Pub. L. 113–76, div. I, title I, §1201(b), Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 426, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2014 and each succeeding fiscal year."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–347 effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) the name and contact information of the internship coordinator for each agency; and

(B) information regarding application procedures and deadlines for each internship program.

(2)

(c)

(1) the term "internship program" means—

(A) a volunteer service program under section 3111(b);

(B) an internship program established under Executive Order 13562, dated December 27, 2010 (75 Federal Register 82585);

(C) a program operated by a nongovernment organization for the purpose of providing paid internships in agencies under a written agreement that is similar to an internship program established under Executive Order 13562, dated December 27, 2010 (75 Federal Register 82585); or

(D) a program that—

(i) is similar to an internship program established under Executive Order 13562, dated December 27, 2010 (75 Federal Register 82585); and

(ii) is authorized under another statutory provision of law;

(2) the term "intern" means an individual participating in an internship program; and

(3) the term "agency" means an Executive agency.

(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1109(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1614.)

Executive Order 13562, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is set out as a note under section 3301 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1109(c), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1615, provided that: "The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out the amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section]."

Under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe, an agency may make a noncompetitive appointment leading to conversion to career or career-conditional employment of a disabled veteran who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

An employee shall be separated from service and barred from reemployment in the Federal service, if—

(1) the employee is convicted of a violation of section 201(b) of title 18; and

(2) such violation related to conduct prohibited under section 1010(a) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960(a)).

(Added Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §638(a), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1316.)

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §638(c), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1317, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] shall apply during fiscal year 1998 and each fiscal year thereafter."

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) in accordance with the statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the excepted service; and

(B) notwithstanding any statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the competitive service.

(2)

(c)

(1) the quality of candidates;

(2) the procedures used by the Commission to select candidates through the streamlined hiring process;

(3) the numbers, types, and grades of employees hired under the authority;

(4) any benefits or shortcomings associated with the use of the authority;

(5) the effect of the exercise of the authority on the hiring of veterans and other demographic groups; and

(6) the way in which managers were trained in the administration of the streamlined hiring system.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 108–44, §2(a), July 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 842; amended Pub. L. 111–203, title IX, §929G(a), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1855.)

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "Appointment of candidates to certain positions in the competitive service by the Securities and Exchange Commission" for "Appointment of accountants, economists, and examiners by the Securities and Exchange Commission" in section catchline, added subsec. (a), and struck out former subsec. (a). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "This section applies with respect to any position of accountant, economist, and securities compliance examiner at the Commission that is in the competitive service."

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1) has received a baccalaureate or graduate degree from an institution of higher education;

(2) applies for the position—

(A) not later than 2 years after the date on which the individual being appointed received the degree described in paragraph (1); or

(B) in the case of an individual who has completed a period of not less than 4 years of obligated service in a uniformed service, not later than 2 years after the date of the discharge or release of the individual from that service; and

(3) meets each minimum qualification standard prescribed by the Director for the position to which the individual is being appointed.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) adhere to merit system principles;

(B) advertise positions in a manner that provides for diverse and qualified applicants; and

(C) ensure potential applicants have appropriate information relevant to the positions available.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f)

(g)

(1)

(A) Congress that assesses the impact of the use of the authority provided under this section during the fiscal year in which the report is submitted; and

(B) the Director that contains data that the Director considers necessary for the Director to assess the impact and effectiveness of the authority described in subparagraph (A).

(2)

(A) the total number of individuals appointed by the agency under this section, as well as the number of such individuals who are—

(i) minorities or members of other underrepresented groups; or

(ii) veterans;

(B) recruitment sources;

(C) the total number of individuals appointed by the agency during the applicable fiscal year to a position in the competitive service classified in a professional or administrative occupational category at the GS–11 level, or an equivalent level, or below; and

(D) any additional data specified by the Director.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1108(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2006.)

GS–11, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1), (e)(1), and (g)(2)(C), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (f) and (g)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–232, which was approved Aug. 13, 2018.

Section 1106 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (h), is section 1106 of Pub. L. 114–328, which is set out as a note preceding section 1580 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) adhere to merit system principles;

(B) advertise positions in a manner that provides for diverse and qualified applicants; and

(C) ensure potential applicants have appropriate information relevant to the positions available.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1) has completed the course of study leading to the baccalaureate or graduate degree;

(2) has completed not less than 640 hours of current continuous employment in an appointment under subsection (b); and

(3) meets the qualification standards for the position to which the student will be converted.

(f)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(A) Congress that assesses the impact of the use of the authority provided under this section during the fiscal year in which the report is submitted; and

(B) the Director that contains data that the Director considers necessary for the Director to assess the impact and effectiveness of the authority described in subparagraph (A).

(2)

(A) the total number of individuals appointed by the agency under this section, as well as the number of such individuals who are—

(i) minorities or members of other underrepresented groups; or

(ii) veterans;

(B) recruitment sources;

(C) the total number of individuals appointed by the agency during the applicable fiscal year to a position in the competitive service at the GS–11 level, or an equivalent level, or below; and

(D) any additional data specified by the Director.

(i)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1108(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2007; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1115, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1604.)

GS–11, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1), (d)(1), and (h)(2)(C), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (h)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 115–232, which was approved Aug. 13, 2018.

Section 1106 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (i), is section 1106 of Pub. L. 114–328, which is set out as a note preceding section 1580 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

**2019**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–92 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Except as provided in paragraph (2), the total number of students that the head of an agency may appoint under this section during a fiscal year may not exceed the number equal to 15 percent of the number of students that the agency head appointed during the previous fiscal year to a position in the competitive service at the GS–11 level, or an equivalent level, or below."

It is the purpose of this subchapter to establish a Senior Executive Service to ensure that the executive management of the Government of the United States is responsive to the needs, policies, and goals of the Nation and otherwise is of the highest quality. The Senior Executive Service shall be administered so as to—

(1) provide for a compensation system, including salaries, benefits, and incentives, and for other conditions of employment, designed to attract and retain highly competent senior executives;

(2) ensure that compensation, retention, and tenure are contingent on executive success which is measured on the basis of individual and organizational performance (including such factors as improvements in efficiency, productivity, quality of work or service, cost efficiency, and timeliness of performance and success in meeting equal employment opportunity goals);

(3) assure that senior executives are accountable and responsible for the effectiveness and productivity of employees under them;

(4) recognize exceptional accomplishment;

(5) enable the head of an agency to reassign senior executives to best accomplish the agency's mission;

(6) provide for severance pay, early retirement, and placement assistance for senior executives who are removed from the Senior Executive Service for nondisciplinary reasons;

(7) protect senior executives from arbitrary or capricious actions;

(8) provide for program continuity and policy advocacy in the management of public programs;

(9) maintain a merit personnel system free of prohibited personnel practices;

(10) ensure accountability for honest, economical, and efficient Government;

(11) ensure compliance with all applicable civil service laws, rules, and regulations, including those related to equal employment opportunity, political activity, and conflicts of interest;

(12) provide for the initial and continuing systematic development of highly competent senior executives;

(13) provide for an executive system which is guided by the public interest and free from improper political interference; and

(14) appoint career executives to fill Senior Executive Service positions to the extent practicable, consistent with the effective and efficient implementation of agency policies and responsibilities.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154.)

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §415, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1179, provided that:

"(a)(1) The provisions of this title, other than sections 413 and 414(a) [enacting this subchapter and sections 2101a, 3391 to 3397, 3591 to 3595, 4311 to 4315, 4507, 5381 to 5385, 5752, and 7541 to 7543 of this title, amending sections 2102, 2103, 2108, 3109, 3501, 5311, 5331, 5504, 5541, 5595, 5723, 6304, 8336, and 8339 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5311 of this title], shall take effect 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978].

"(2) The provisions of section 413 of this title [set out as a note under section 3133 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978].

"(3) The provisions of section 414(a) of this title [amending sections 3104 and 5108 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3104 and 5108 of this title] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978].

"(b)(1) The amendments made by sections 401 through 412 of this title [enacting this subchapter and sections 2101a, 3391 to 3397, 3591 to 3595, 4311 to 4315, 4507, 5381 to 5385, 5752, and 7541 to 7543 of this title, amending sections 2102, 2103, 2108, 3109, 3501, 5311, 5331, 5504, 5541, 5595, 5723, 6304, 8336, and 8339 of this title] shall continue to have effect unless, during the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of the Congress beginning after 5 years after the effective date of such amendments, a concurrent resolution is introduced and adopted by the Congress disapproving the continuation of the Senior Executive Service. Such amendments shall cease to have effect on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of the adoption of such concurrent resolution.

"(2) The continuity of a session is broken only by an adjournment of the Congress sine die, and the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain are excluded in the computation of the 60-day period.

"(3) The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k) of section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, shall apply with respect to any concurrent resolution referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, except that for the purpose of this paragraph the reference in such subsection (e) to 10 calendar days shall be considered a reference to 30 calendar days.

"(4) During the 5-year period referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall include in each report required under section 3135 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Senior Executive Service and the manner in which such Service is administered."

Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §301, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that: "The Congress finds that the Senior Executive Service should be continued indefinitely."

Ex. Ord. No. 13714, Dec. 15, 2015, 80 F.R. 79225, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, in order to strengthen the recruitment, hiring, and development of the Federal Government's senior executives; I hereby order as follows:

*Policy*. It is in the national interest to facilitate career executive continuity between administrations; to increase senior leadership attention to, and involvement in, executive recruitment; to reduce unnecessary burdens on applicants for executive positions; and to efficiently document demonstrated executive experience. Furthermore, it is imperative to periodically explore and promote new selection methods that effectively and efficiently identify the most capable and talented candidates for executive leadership positions to enhance the breadth and diversity of experiences among our Federal executives; to better support, recognize, and reward our executives, especially our top performers; and to strengthen executive accountability, all while maintaining a system that is focused on the public interest and free from improper political influence. An important aspect of strengthening our Senior Executive Service (SES) members is valuing the work they do every day, rewarding excellence, professionalism, and outstanding achievement through special act awards, Presidential Rank Awards, and other non-monetary and honorary awards. Consistent with the requirements of Executive Order 13583 of August 18, 2011 (Establishing a Coordinated Government-Wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce), and with merit-based principles, this order continues to support executive departments and agencies (agencies) to develop and implement a comprehensive, integrated, and strategic focus on diversity and inclusion as a key component of the recruitment, hiring, retention, and development of their SES cadre. Pursuing these goals will significantly improve the Federal Government's ability to serve the American people. Unless otherwise noted, this order applies to career members of the SES.

Section 2 of this order establishes, under the President's Management Council (PMC), a Subcommittee to advise the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the PMC, and the President on senior executive matters, help monitor execution of an important set of executive reforms contained in section 3 of this order, and help keep the Federal Government's executive management practices current and effective. In order to identify and maximize the use of best practices, requirements in sections [sic] 3(b)(i)–(iv) of this order will be implemented in three phases, with Phase I consisting of seven agencies, which will execute those reforms in fiscal year (FY) 2016; Phase II consisting of seven agencies, which will execute those reforms in FY 2017; and Phase III consisting of all other agencies, which will execute those reforms in FY 2018.

*Establishment of PMC Subcommittee to Strengthen the Senior Executive Service*. There is established the PMC Subcommittee to Strengthen the Senior Executive Service (Subcommittee) to inform and support Government-wide priorities for improved management of senior executives identified by the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in consultation with the Director of OPM. The Subcommittee shall consist of five members of the PMC: the Deputy Director for Management of OMB, the Director of OPM, and three other members of the PMC. The Subcommittee will be advised by at least two career members of the SES to be determined by the members of the Subcommittee, and shall collaborate with the Chief Human Capital Officers Council. Expressions of interest to serve on the Subcommittee will be solicited, and final selections will be made by the Deputy Director for Management of OMB in consultation with the Director of OPM. The Subcommittee will advise OPM, members of the PMC, and the President on ways to strengthen and improve the SES workforce, as outlined in this order. In addition, it will identify any Government-wide obstacles it perceives to executive management, assist OPM in facilitating career executive continuity between administrations, and facilitate communication among the SES cadre.

*Requirements*. Under the direction, or, in the case of sections 3(a)(i) and 3(b)(ii) of this order, the guidance, of the Director of OPM, and in consultation with OMB and the PMC Subcommittee, agencies shall undertake the following actions:

(a) *Actions for Immediate Government-wide Implementation.*

(i) Starting in FY 2017, agencies should limit their aggregate spending on agency performance awards for SES and Senior Level (SL) and Senior Scientific or Professional (ST) employees to 7.5 percent of aggregate SES and SL/ST salaries respectively. OMB and OPM shall undertake a review of, and revise as appropriate, their current guidance regarding aggregate spending on such awards. In addition, agencies should allocate awards in a manner that provides meaningfully greater rewards to top performers. Within 120 days of the date of this order, OPM shall issue, as appropriate, additional guidance regarding the distribution of such awards.

(ii) The heads of agencies with SES positions that supervise General Schedule (GS) employees shall implement policies, as permitted by and consistent with applicable law and regulation, for initial pay setting and pay adjustments, as appropriate, for career SES appointees to result in compensation exceeding the rates of pay, including locality pay, of their subordinate GS employees. Similar policies shall be implemented by heads of agencies for Senior Professional (i.e., SL or ST) employees that supervise GS employees. Such policies and practices support, recognize, and reward agency executives, especially top performers, in a manner commensurate with their roles, responsibilities, and contributions, and may increase the competitiveness of SES positions with comparable positions outside of Government.

(iii) Within 90 days of the date of this order, OPM shall evaluate the current Qualifications Review Board (QRB) process and issue guidance to agencies about materials that would be acceptable for QRB consideration and that will serve as an alternative or replacement to the current lengthy essay requirement for QRB submission, which may deter qualified applicants for SES positions or put an additional burden on human resources staff. The guidance shall also advise agencies about ways to streamline their initial application requirements for SES positions, including evaluation of options, such as allowing individuals to apply by only submitting a resume-based application and any additional materials necessary to determine relevant qualifications, consistent with the new QRB submission requirements.

(iv) Within 120 days of OPM issuing the guidance described in section 3(a)(iii) of this order, the heads of agencies with SES positions shall examine the agency's career SES hiring process and make changes to the process to make it more efficient, effective, and less burdensome for all participants. Agencies shall simplify the initial application requirements for SES positions consistent with the guidance issued in section 3(a)(iii) of this order, and should only request critically necessary technical qualifications, with the goal of minimizing requirements that may deter qualified applicants from applying. Agencies shall also monitor time to hire of SES positions, and identify appropriate process improvements or other changes that can help reduce time to hire while ensuring high quality of hires.

(v) By May 31, 2016, the heads of agencies with 20 or more SES positions shall develop and submit to OPM a 2-year plan to increase the number of SES members who are rotating to improve talent development, mission delivery and collaboration. While agency specific targets will not be required, this order establishes a Government-wide goal of 15 percent of SES members rotating for a minimum of 120 days (including to different departments, agencies, subcomponents, functional areas, sectors, and non-federal partners) during FY 2017, and thereafter, in order to ensure the mobility of the corps while also maintaining stability of operations. Within 45 days of the date of this order, OPM shall issue guidance for implementation of section 3(a)(v) of this order. OPM shall evaluate the percentages set forth in this subsection on an ongoing basis and make adjustments as necessary and appropriate. These plans shall take into consideration the policy priorities of the agency, agency needs and rules in the context of administration transitions, needs identified in agency hiring plans and succession plans, the development opportunities listed in individuals' Executive Development Plans (EDP), and the Federal Government's interest in cultivating generalist executives with broad and diverse experiences who can lead a variety of organizations. These plans shall build on existing succession management processes and those established in section 3(b)(i) of this order to ensure high potential and top performers have an opportunity to cycle through rotations. These plans shall also incorporate, as appropriate, flexibilities agencies have such as the Intergovernmental Personnel Act (implemented in 5 CFR part 334) to encourage SES members to pursue temporary assignments to State and local governments, colleges and universities, tribal governments, and other eligible organizations, and to better understand the impact of the Federal Government's work on those it serves. Finally, these plans shall include an assessment of the degree to which these rotation assignments achieve the desired goals for the individual and agency.

(b) *Actions for Phased Implementation*. Under the direction, or, in the case of section 3(b)(ii) of this order, the guidance, of the Director of OPM, in consultation with OMB and the PMC Subcommittee, the reforms listed in sections [sic] 3(b)(i)–(iv) of this order shall be implemented by agencies on the following schedule: the Secretaries of Defense, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, and Veterans Affairs; the Administrator of General Services; and the Director of OPM shall implement these reforms by September 30, 2016; the Secretaries of Agriculture, Education, Labor, and Transportation, and the Administrators of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Small Business Administration shall implement these reforms by September 30, 2017; the Secretaries of State, the Treasury, the Interior, Commerce, and Homeland Security, the Attorney General, and the Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, as well as the Directors of OMB and the National Science Foundation, shall implement these reforms by September 30, 2018. By October 1 of each year, OPM shall issue additional guidance after each phase of implementation that reflects lessons learned and any adjustments to these reforms based on the agencies that have implemented them. By the respective date specified above, the heads of agencies shall:

(i) Establish an annual talent management and succession planning process to assess the development needs of all SES members, and SL and ST employees as appropriate, to inform readiness decisions about hiring, career development, and executive reassignments and rotations. These assessments shall include input from each executive, as well as the executive's supervisor, and shall be used to recommend development activities and inform the organization's succession planning, decisions about duty assignments, and agency hiring plans;

(ii) Proactively recruit individuals for vacant SES positions and regularly review those recruitment efforts at the Deputy Secretary (or direct designee) level on at least a quarterly basis, consistent with existing rules and regulations. Establish a mechanism to track, and raise for appropriate senior-level attention, information about each position that agencies are seeking to fill, including, at a minimum, source of the recruitment, number, quality and diversity (as available) of applicants, source of applicants (subcomponent, agency or non-government), and timeliness of the hiring process. Use the talent management and succession planning process described in section 3(b)(i) of this order and agency hiring plans to inform these recruitment efforts; and develop a tailored outreach strategy for proactive recruitment for key strategic positions;

(iii) Require supervisors of executives in their agency to work with their subordinate executives to update EDPs for each executive required by 5 CFR part 412.401, to include at least one developmental activity annually and at least one leadership assessment involving employee feedback (for example, 360 degree-type reviews) every 3 years to inform each executive's developmental needs. In addition, non-career SES and equivalent appointees should also have one leadership assessment during their first 2 years, and additional assessments every 3 years thereafter; and

(iv) Establish a formal Executive Onboarding Program informed by OPM's Enhanced Executive Onboarding Model and Government-Wide Executive Onboarding Framework, which shall provide critical support and guidance to executives through their first year of service in new positions, consistent with guidance to be issued by OPM no later than 60 days after the date of this order. Onboarding shall be provided for career and non-career SES, SL and ST employees, and SES-equivalent positions.

*Additional Implementation Considerations*. (a) *Actions for Agencies with SES-Equivalent Positions*. Certain agencies have independent authorities enabling them to establish positions that are equivalent to SES or Senior Professional positions, or an executive personnel system that includes such positions. Whether the positions or employment systems are established in title 5 (for example, FBI/DEA SES) or in other titles of the United States Code (for example, Senior Foreign Service, Defense Intelligence SES, Senior National Intelligence Service), the agency head shall determine the extent to which the agency implements policies and processes to support objectives identified in sections 3(a) and 3(b) of this order for such positions consistent with the agency's authorities and purposes for which the law provides them, with such consultation with the Director of OPM, OMB, and the PMC Subcommittee as the agency may require.

(b) *Agency Status and Reporting*. Within 45 days of the date of this order, OPM will issue guidance, concurrent with guidance in section 3(a)(v) of this order, that defines regular reporting on the status of each agency's implementation of the provisions in this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency, except a Government corporation and the Government Accountability Office, but does not include—

(A) any agency or unit thereof excluded from coverage by the President under subsection (c) of this section; or

(B) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, Department of Defense intelligence activities the civilian employees of which are subject to section 1590 of title 10, and, as determined by the President, an Executive agency, or unit thereof, whose principal function is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities;

(C) the Federal Election Commission or the Election Assistance Commission;

(D) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Office of Thrift Supervision,,1 the Resolution Trust Corporation, the Farm Credit Administration, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, the National Credit Union Administration, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, and the Office of Financial Research;

(E) the Securities and Exchange Commission; or

(F) the Commodity Futures Trading Commission;

(2) "Senior Executive Service position" means any position in an agency which is classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 or in level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, or an equivalent position, which is not required to be filled by an appointment by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and in which an employee—

(A) directs the work of an organizational unit;

(B) is held accountable for the success of one or more specific programs or projects;

(C) monitors progress toward organizational goals and periodically evaluates and makes appropriate adjustments to such goals;

(D) supervises the work of employees other than personal assistants; or

(E) otherwise exercises important policy-making, policy-determining, or other executive functions;

but does not include—

(i) any position in the Foreign Service of the United States;

(ii) an administrative law judge position under section 3105 of this title;

(iii) any position established as a qualified position in the excepted service by the Secretary of Homeland Security under section 226 2 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002; or

(iv) any position established as a qualified position in the excepted service by the Secretary of Defense under section 1599f of title 10;

(3) "senior executive" means a member of the Senior Executive Service;

(4) "career appointee" means an individual in a Senior Executive Service position whose appointment to the position or previous appointment to another Senior Executive Service position was based on approval by the Office of Personnel Management of the executive qualifications of such individual;

(5) "limited term appointee" means an individual appointed under a nonrenewable appointment for a term of 3 years or less to a Senior Executive Service position the duties of which will expire at the end of such term;

(6) "limited emergency appointee" means an individual appointed under a nonrenewable appointment, not to exceed 18 months, to a Senior Executive Service position established to meet a bona fide, unanticipated, urgent need;

(7) "noncareer appointee" means an individual in a Senior Executive Service position who is not a career appointee, a limited term appointee, or a limited emergency appointee;

(8) "career reserved position" means a position which is required to be filled by a career appointee and which is designated under subsection (b) of this section; and

(9) "general position" means any position, other than a career reserved position, which may be filled by either a career appointee, noncareer appointee, limited emergency appointee, or limited term appointee.

(b)(1) For the purpose of paragraph (8) of subsection (a) of this section, the Office shall prescribe the criteria and regulations governing the designation of career reserved positions. The criteria and regulations shall provide that a position shall be designated as a career reserved position only if the filling of the position by a career appointee is necessary to ensure impartiality, or the public's confidence in the impartiality, of the Government. The head of each agency shall be responsible for designating career reserved positions in such agency in accordance with such criteria and regulations.

(2) The Office shall periodically review general positions to determine whether the positions should be designated as career reserved. If the Office determines that any such position should be so designated, it shall order the agency to make the designation.

(3) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, any position to be designated as a Senior Executive Service position (except a position in the Executive Office of the President) which—

(A) is under the Executive Schedule, or for which the rate of basic pay is determined by reference to the Executive Schedule, and

(B) on the day before the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 was specifically required under section 2102 of this title or otherwise required by law to be in the competitive service,

shall be designated as a career reserved position if the position entails direct responsibility to the public for the management or operation of particular government programs or functions.

(4) Not later than March 1 of each year, the head of each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a list of positions in the agency which were career reserved positions during the preceding calendar year.

(c) An agency may file an application with the Office setting forth reasons why it, or a unit thereof, should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter. The Office shall—

(1) review the application and stated reasons,

(2) undertake a review to determine whether the agency or unit should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter, and

(3) upon completion of its review, recommend to the President whether the agency or unit should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter.

If the Office recommends that an agency or unit thereof be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter, the President may, on written determination, make the exclusion for the period determined by the President to be appropriate.

(d) Any agency or unit which is excluded from coverage under subsection (c) of this section shall make a sustained effort to bring its personnel system into conformity with the Senior Executive Service to the extent practicable.

(e) The Office may at any time recommend to the President that any exclusion previously granted to an agency or unit thereof under subsection (c) of this section be revoked. Upon recommendation of the Office, the President may revoke, by written determination, any exclusion made under subsection (c) of this section.

(f) If—

(1) any agency is excluded under subsection (c) of this section, or

(2) any exclusion is revoked under subsection (e) of this section,

the Office shall, within 30 days after the action, transmit to the Congress written notice of the exclusion or revocation.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1155; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(12), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–187, title II, §203, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1368; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(c), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §742(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 101–624, title XVIII, §1841, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3835; Pub. L. 102–496, title IV, §402(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3184; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1351(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3969; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(d), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(B), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10702(c)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §811(b), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1161(g)(2), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2781; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §152(d)(4), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1414; Pub. L. 112–277, title V, §505(b), Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 113–277, §3(b), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3008; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1107(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1027.)

Level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), are set out in sections 5315 and 5316 of this title.

Section 226 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in cl. (iii) of concluding provisions of subsec. (a)(2), probably means the section 226 of Pub. L. 107–296 as added by Pub. L. 113–277, §3(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3005, which was renumbered section 2208 of Pub. L. 107–296 by Pub. L. 115–278, §2(g)(2)(I), Nov. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 4178, and is classified to section 658 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

The date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95–454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978.

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–92 added cl. (iv) of concluding provisions.

**2014**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–277 added cl. (iii) of concluding provisions.

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–277 inserted "the Office of the Director of National Intelligence," after "the Central Intelligence Agency,".

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 111–203 substituted "the National Credit Union Administration, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection, and the Office of Financial Research;" for "and the National Credit Union Administration;".

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(g)(2)(A), substituted ", and" for ",, and".

Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(g)(2)(B), struck out "the Federal Housing Finance Board" after "the Office of Thrift Supervision,", substituted "the Federal Housing Finance Agency" for "the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development", and struck out "or or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(1)(E), (F). Pub. L. 110–289, §1161(g)(2)(C), (D), inserted "or" at end of subpar. (E), relating to Securities and Exchange Commission, and redesignated subpar. (E), relating to Commodity Futures Trading Commission, as (F).

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 107–252, §811(b), inserted "or the Election Assistance Commission" after "Commission".

Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(1)(A), which directed amendment by striking "or" at the end, could not be executed because the word "or" did not appear at the end. See below.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(B)(i), struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(1)(B), inserted "or" at end.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(B)(ii), inserted "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(1)(C), added subpar. (E) relating to Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(B)(iii), added subpar. (E) relating to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102–496 inserted ", Department of Defense intelligence activities the civilian employees of which are subject to section 1590 of title 10," after "National Security Agency".

Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 102–550 inserted "the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development," after "Farm Credit Administration,".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101–624 inserted reference to Farm Credit Administration.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108" for "in GS–16, 17, or 18 of the General Schedule".

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101–73 added subpar. (D).

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–325, §2(c)(1), inserted reference to Drug Enforcement Administration.

Subsec. (a)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 100–235, §2(c)(2), struck out cl. (iii) which read as follows: "any position in the Drug Enforcement Administration which is excluded from the competitive service under section 201 of the Crime Control Act of 1976 (5 U.S.C. 5108 note; 90 Stat. 2425);".

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 96–187 added subpar. (C).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96–54 inserted "and," after "Security Agency,".

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Pub. L. 110–289, div. A , title I, §1163, July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2782, provided that: "Except as otherwise specifically provided in this title [see Tables for classification], this title and the amendments made by this title shall take effect on, and shall apply beginning on, the date of enactment of this Act [July 30, 2008]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–252 effective upon appointment of all members of the Election Assistance Commission under section 20923 of Title 52, Voting and Elections, see section 21134(a) of Title 52.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–123 effective Oct. 1, 2001, see section 11 of Pub. L. 107–123, set out as a note under section 78ee of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–187 effective on Jan. 8, 1980, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 96–187, set out as a note under section 30101 of Title 52, Voting and Elections.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–166, §2(hh), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1290, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 3132(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, removal of Senate confirmation for any position in this section shall not—

"(1) result in any such position being placed in the Senior Executive Service; or

"(2) alter compensation for any such position under the Executive Schedule or other applicable compensation provisions of law."

2 So in original. See References in Text note below.

(a) During each even-numbered calendar year, each agency shall—

(1) examine its needs for Senior Executive Service positions for each of the 2 fiscal years beginning after such calendar year; and

(2) submit to the Office of Personnel Management a written request for a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions for each of such fiscal years.

(b) Each agency request submitted under subsection (a) of this section shall—

(1) be based on the anticipated type and extent of program activities and budget requests of the agency for each of the 2 fiscal years involved, and such other factors as may be prescribed from time to time by the Office; and

(2) identify, by position title, positions which are proposed to be designated as or removed from designation as career reserved positions, and set forth justifications for such proposed actions.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget, shall review the request of each agency and shall authorize, for each of the 2 fiscal years covered by requests required under subsection (a) of this section, a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions for each agency. Beginning in 2023, the number of such positions authorized under the preceding sentence for the Department of Defense may not exceed the limitation provided in section 1109 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017.

(d)(1) The Office of Personnel Management may, on a written request of an agency or on its own initiative, make an adjustment in the number of positions authorized for any agency. Each agency request under this paragraph shall be submitted in such form, and shall be based on such factors, as the Office shall prescribe.

(2) The total number of positions in the Senior Executive Service may not at any time during any fiscal year exceed 105 percent of the total number of positions authorized under subsection (c) of this section for such fiscal year.

(e)(1) Not later than July 1, 1979, and from time to time thereafter as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management finds appropriate, the Director shall establish, by rule issued in accordance with section 1103(b) of this title, the number of positions out of the total number of positions in the Senior Executive Service, as authorized by this section or section 413 of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which are to be career reserved positions. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the number of positions required by this subsection to be career reserved positions shall not be less than the number of the positions then in the Senior Executive Service which, before the date of such Act, were authorized to be filled only through competitive civil service examination.

(2) The Director may, by rule, designate a number of career reserved positions which is less than the number required by paragraph (1) of this subsection only if the Director determines such lesser number necessary in order to designate as general positions one or more positions (other than positions described in section 3132(b)(3) of this title) which—

(A) involve policymaking responsibilities which require the advocacy or management of programs of the President and support of controversial aspects of such programs;

(B) involve significant participation in the major political policies of the President; or

(C) require the senior executives in the positions to serve as personal assistants of, or advisers to, Presidential appointees.

The Director shall provide a full explanation for his determination in each case.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1158; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1109(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2449.)

Section 1109 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 1109 of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note below.

Section 413 of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is section 413 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note below.

The date of such Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), probably means Oct. 13, 1978, the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978.

**2016**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328 inserted at end "Beginning in 2023, the number of such positions authorized under the preceding sentence for the Department of Defense may not exceed the limitation provided in section 1109 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017."

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1109, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2449, as amended by Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1115, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 433, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the distribution of Senior Executive Service positions across the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies and Field Activities, the unified and specified combatant commands, and other key elements of the Department of Defense;

"(B) the by-year reductions to Senior Executive Service positions consistent with the distribution required under subparagraph (A); and

"(C) recommendations for any legislative action that may be necessary for personnel management and shaping authorities to achieve the required limitation.

"(2)

"(3)

"(c)

"(d)

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §413, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1175, provided that:

"(a) For the purpose of this section, 'agency', 'Senior Executive Service position', 'career appointee', 'career reserved position', 'limited term appointee', 'noncareer appointee', and 'general position' have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title) and 'Senior Executive Service' has the meaning set forth in section 2101a of such title 5 (as added by this title).

"(b)(1) Under the guidance of the Office of Personnel Management, each agency shall—

"(A) designate those positions which it considers should be Senior Executive Service positions and designate which of those positions it considers should be career reserved positions; and

"(B) submit to the Office a written request for—

"(i) a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions; and

"(ii) authority to employ a specific number of noncareer appointees.

"(2) The Office of Personnel Management shall review the designations and requests of each agency under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and shall establish interim authorizations in accordance with sections 3133 and 3134 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this Act), and shall publish the titles of the authorized positions in the Federal Register.

"(c)(1) Each employee serving in a position at the time it is designated as a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (b) of this section shall elect to—

"(A) decline conversion and be appointed to a position under such employee's current type of appointment and pay system, retaining the grade, seniority, and other rights and benefits associated with such type of appointment and pay system; or

"(B) accept conversion and be appointed to a Senior Executive Service position in accordance with the provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section.

The appointment of an employee in an agency because of an election under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall not result in the separation or reduction in grade of any other employee in such agency.

"(2) Any employee in a position which has been designated a Senior Executive Service position under this section shall be notified in writing of such designation, the election required under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and the provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section. The employee shall be given 90 days from the date of such notification to make the election under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

"(d) Each employee who has elected to accept conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under—

"(1) a career or career-conditional appointment; or

"(2) a similar type of appointment in an excepted service position, as determined by the Office;

in a position which is designated as a Senior Executive Service position shall be appointed as a career appointee to such Senior Executive Service position without regard to section 3393(b)–(e) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title).

"(e) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under an excepted appointment in a position which is not designated a career reserved position in the Senior Executive Service, but is—

"(1) a position in Schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations;

"(2) a position filled by noncareer executive assignment under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; or

"(3) a position in the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code [section 5311 et seq. of this title], other than a career Executive Schedule position;

shall be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a Senior Executive Service position.

"(f) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section, who is serving in a position described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (e) of this section, and whose position is designated as a career reserved position under subsection (b) of this section shall be appointed as a noncareer appointee to an appropriate general position in the Senior Executive Service or shall be separated.

"(g) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section, who is serving in a position described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (e) of this section, and whose position is designated as a Senior Executive Service position and who has reinstatement eligibility to a position in the competitive service, may, on request to the Office, be appointed as a career appointee to a Senior Executive Service position. The name of, and basis for reinstatement eligibility for, each employee appointed as a career appointee under this subsection shall be published in the Federal Register.

"(h) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under a limited executive assignment under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, shall—

"(1) be appointed as a limited term appointee to a Senior Executive Service position if the position then held by such employee will terminate within 3 years of the date of such appointment;

"(2) be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a Senior Executive Service position if the position then held by such employee is designated as a general position; or

"(3) be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a general position if the position then held by such employee is designated as a career reserved position.

"(i) The rate of basic pay for any employee appointed to a Senior Executive Service position under this section shall be greater than or equal to the rate of basic pay payable for the position held by such employee at the time of such appointment.

"(j) Any employee who is aggrieved by any action by any agency under this section is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title). An agency shall take any corrective action which the Board orders in its decision on an appeal under this subsection.

"(k) The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this section."

[Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §415(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1179, provided that section 413 [set out above] is effective Oct. 13, 1978.]

(a) During each calendar year, each agency shall—

(1) examine its needs for employment of noncareer appointees for the fiscal year beginning in the following year; and

(2) submit to the Office of Personnel Management, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, a written request for authority to employ a specific number of noncareer appointees for such fiscal year.

(b) The number of noncareer appointees in each agency shall be determined annually by the Office on the basis of demonstrated need of the agency. The total number of noncareer appointees in all agencies may not exceed 10 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in all agencies.

(c) Subject to the 10 percent limitation of subsection (b) of this section, the Office may adjust the number of noncareer positions authorized for any agency under subsection (b) of this section if emergency needs arise that were not anticipated when the original authorizations were made.

(d) The number of Senior Executive Service positions in any agency which are filled by noncareer appointees may not at any time exceed the greater of—

(1) 25 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in the agency; or

(2) the number of positions in the agency which were filled on the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 by—

(A) noncareer executive assignments under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on such date, or

(B) appointments to level IV or V of the Executive Schedule which were not required on such date to be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

This subsection shall not apply in the case of any agency having fewer than 4 Senior Executive Service positions.

(e) The total number of limited emergency appointees and limited term appointees in all agencies may not exceed 5 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in all agencies.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1159.)

The date of enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978.

Level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), are set out in sections 5315 and 5316 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Section, added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1159; amended Pub. L. 98–168, title III, §301(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §306(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3219, directed Office of Personnel Management to submit reports to Congress relating to Senior Executive Service.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1160.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) The Attorney General may by regulation establish a personnel system for senior personnel within the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration to be known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service"). The regulations establishing the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service shall—

(1) meet the requirements set forth in section 3131 for the Senior Executive Service;

(2) provide that positions in the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service meet requirements that are consistent with the provisions of section 3132(a)(2);

(3) provide rates of pay for the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service that are not in excess of the maximum rate or less than the minimum rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under section 5382 and that are adjusted at the same time and to the same extent as rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service are adjusted;

(4) provide a performance appraisal system for the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service that conforms to the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 43;

(5) provide for—

(A) removal consistent with section 3592;

(B) reduction-in-force procedures consistent with section 3595(a), together with measures to ensure that a member of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service may not be removed due to a reduction in force unless reasonable efforts to place such member in another such position are first taken;

(C) procedures in accordance with which any furlough affecting the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service shall be carried out;

(D) removal or suspension consistent with subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 7543 (except that any hearing or appeal to which a member of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service is entitled shall be held or decided pursuant to procedures established by regulations of the Attorney General); and

(E) recertification consistent with section 3393a; 1

(6) permit the payment of performance awards to members of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service consistent with the provisions applicable to performance awards under section 5384; and

(7) provide that members of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service may be granted sabbatical leaves consistent with the provisions of section 3396(c).

(b) Except as provided in subsection (a), the Attorney General may—

(1) make applicable to the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service any of the provisions of this title applicable to applicants for or members of the Senior Executive Service; and

(2) appoint, promote, and assign individuals to positions established within the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service without regard to the provisions of this title governing appointments and other personnel actions in the competitive service.

(c) The President, based on the recommendations of the Attorney General, may award ranks to members of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service in a manner consistent with the provisions of section 4507.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Attorney General may detail or assign any member of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service to serve in a position outside the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Drug Enforcement Administration (as the case may be) in which the member's expertise and experience may be of benefit to the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Drug Enforcement Administration (as the case may be) or another Government agency. Any such member shall not by reason of such detail or assignment lose any entitlement or status associated with membership in the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service.

(e) The Attorney General shall each year submit to Congress, at the time the budget is submitted by the President to the Congress for the next fiscal year, a report on the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service. The report shall include, in the aggregate and by agency—

(1) the number of FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service positions established as of the end of the preceding fiscal year;

(2) the number of individuals being paid at each rate of basic pay for the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service as of the end of the preceding fiscal year;

(3) the number, distribution, and amount of awards paid to members of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service during the preceding fiscal year; and

(4) the number of individuals removed from the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service during the preceding fiscal year—

(A) for less than fully successful performance;

(B) due to a reduction in force; or

(C) for any other reason.

(Added Pub. L. 100–325, §1(a), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 579; amended Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 109–108, title I, §111, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2305.)

Section 3393a, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(E), was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(1)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296.

Provisions of this title governing appointments and other personnel actions in the competitive service, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are classified generally to section 3301 et seq. of this title.

**2005**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–108 struck out par. (1) designation before "Except as provided", redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

"(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an individual may not be selected for the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service unless such individual is a career employee in the civil service.

"(B) For the purpose of subparagraph (A), 'career employee in the civil service' shall have such meaning as the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, by regulation prescribes."

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(5)(E). Pub. L. 101–194 added subpar. (E).

Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(d), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1759, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 3393a of this title and amending this section, sections 3393, 3592 to 3594, 7701, 8336, 8339, 8414, and 8421 of this title, section 1601 of Title 10, Armed Forces, section 3945 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 3610 of Title 50, War and National Defense] shall take effect on January 1, 1991."

1 See References in Text note below.

Members of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service shall be subject to the limitation under section 5307.

(Added Pub. L. 100–325, §1(a), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(9), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to allow the aggregate amount payable to a member of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service under this subchapter during any fiscal year to exceed the annual rate payable for positions at level I of the Executive Schedule in effect at the end of such year. This section shall be applied in a manner consistent with paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 5383(b)."

(a)

(1) is established by law or Executive order for a specific period not in excess of three years for the purpose of performing a specific study or other project; and

(2) is terminated upon the completion of the study or project or upon the occurrence of a condition related to the completion of the study or project.

(b)

(2) The period of an appointment under paragraph (1) may not exceed three years, except that under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management the period of appointment may be extended for up to an additional two years.

(3) The positions of employment in a temporary organization are in the excepted service of the civil service.

(c)

(d)

(2) The rate of basic pay for the chairman, a member, an executive director, a staff director, or another executive level position of a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under section 5382 of this title.

(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the rate of basic pay for other positions in a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay for grade GS–15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of this title.

(4) The rate of basic pay for a senior staff position of a temporary organization may, in a case determined by the head of the temporary organization as exceptional, exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized under paragraph (3), but may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for an executive level position under paragraph (2).

(5) In this subsection, the term "basic pay" includes locality pay provided for under section 5304 of this title.

(e)

(f)

(g)

(1) is being separated from the temporary organization for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance; and

(2) applies for return not later than 30 days before the earlier of—

(A) the date of the termination of the employment in the temporary organization; or

(B) the date of the termination of the temporary organization.

(h)

(i)

(2) Donors of voluntary services accepted for a temporary organization under this subsection may include the following:

(A) Advisors.

(B) Experts.

(C) Members of the commission, committee, board, or other temporary organization, as the case may be.

(D) A person performing services in any other capacity determined appropriate by the head of the temporary organization.

(3) The head of the temporary organization—

(A) shall ensure that each person performing voluntary services accepted under this subsection is notified of the scope of the voluntary services accepted;

(B) shall supervise the volunteer to the same extent as employees receiving compensation for similar services; and

(C) shall ensure that the volunteer has appropriate credentials or is otherwise qualified to perform in each capacity for which the volunteer's services are accepted.

(4) A person providing volunteer services accepted under this subsection shall be considered an employee of the Federal Government in the performance of those services for the purposes of the following provisions of law:

(A) Chapter 81 of this title, relating to compensation for work-related injuries.

(B) Chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims.

(C) Chapter 11 of title 18, relating to conflicts of interest.

(Added Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1101(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–308.)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 115–1, §2(a), Jan. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 3.)

Pub. L. 115–1, §2(c), Jan. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 5, provided that: "The Presidential Innovation Fellows Program established pursuant to Executive Order No. 13704 (5 U.S.C. 3301 note [now 5 U.S.C. 3171 note]) as in existence on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 20, 2017] shall be considered the Presidential Innovation Fellows Program described in the amendments made by this Act [enacting this section and section 3172 of this title]."

Ex. Ord. No. 13704, Aug. 17, 2015, 80 F.R. 50751, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It is in the national interest for the Federal Government to attract the brightest minds skilled in technology or innovative practices to serve in the Federal Government to work on some of the Nation's biggest and most pressing challenges. This order establishes a program to encourage successful entrepreneurs, executives, and innovators to join the Federal Government and work in close cooperation with Federal Government leaders, to create meaningful solutions that can help save lives and taxpayer money, fuel job creation, and significantly improve how the Federal Government serves the American people.

*Establishment and Administration*. (a) The Administrator of General Services (Administrator) shall establish the Presidential Innovation Fellows Program (Program) to enable exceptional individuals with proven track records to serve time-limited appointments in executive branch departments and agencies (agencies) to address some of the Nation's most significant challenges and improve existing Government efforts that would particularly benefit from expertise using innovative techniques and technology. Individuals selected for the Program shall be known as Presidential Innovation Fellows (Fellows).

(b) The Program shall be administered by a Director, appointed by the Administrator under authorities of the General Services Administration (GSA). GSA shall provide necessary staff, resources and administrative support for the Program to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations.

(c) GSA shall appoint the Fellows and, in cooperation with agencies, shall facilitate placement of the Fellows to participate in projects that have the potential for significant positive effects and are consistent with the President's goals.

*Advisory Board*. (a) The Administrator shall establish an Advisory Board to advise the Director by recommending such priorities and standards as may be beneficial to fulfill the mission of the Program and assist in identifying potential projects and placements for Fellows. The Advisory Board will not participate in the Fellows' selection process.

(b) The Administrator will designate a representative to serve as the Chair of the Advisory Board. In addition to the Chair, the membership of the Advisory Board shall include the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Management and Budget's Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, and the Assistant to the President and Chief Technology Officer, or their designees and such other persons as may be designated by the Administrator. Consistent with law, the Advisory Board may consult with industry, academia, or non-profits to ensure the Program is continually identifying opportunities to apply advanced skillsets and innovative practices in effective ways to address the Nation's most significant challenges.

*Application Process*. (a) The Director, in accordance with applicable law, shall prescribe the process for applications and nominations of individuals to the Program.

(b) Following publication of these processes, the Director may accept for consideration applications from individuals. The Director shall establish, administer, review, and revise, if appropriate, a Government-wide cap on the number of Fellows.

The Director shall establish and publish salary ranges, benefits, and standards for the Program.

*Selection, Appointment, and Assignment of Fellows*. (a) The Director, in accordance with applicable law, shall prescribe appropriate procedures for the selection, appointment, and assignment of Fellows.

(b) Prior to the selection of Fellows, the Director will consult with agencies and executive branch departments, regarding potential projects and how best to meet those needs. Following such consultation, the Director shall select and appoint individuals to serve as Fellows.

(c) The Fellows shall serve under short-term, time-limited appointments. As a general matter, they shall be appointed for no less than 6 months and no longer than 2 years in the Program. The Director shall facilitate the process of placing Fellows at requesting agencies and executive branch departments.

*Responsibilities of Agencies*. Each executive branch department or agency, as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, is encouraged to work with the Director and Advisory Board to attempt to maximize the Program's benefits to the department or agency and the Federal Government, including by identifying initiatives that will have a meaningful effect on the people served and that will benefit from involvement by one or more Fellows. Departments and agencies also are encouraged to ensure that each Fellow will work closely with responsible senior officials for the duration of the assignment.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

(a)

(b)

(1) the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget;

(2) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(3) the Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government of the Office of Management and Budget;

(4) the Assistant to the President and Chief Technology Officer; and

(5) other individuals as may be designated by the Administrator.

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 115–1, §2(a), Jan. 20, 2017, 131 Stat. 4.)










Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1119(d), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 435, provided that, effective Dec. 31, 2028, the amendment made by section 1119(b) of Pub. L. 118–31 would expire. See 2023 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(c), (d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005, provided that, effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, this analysis is amended by striking items 3317, 3318, and 3319 and inserting new items 3317 "Competitive service; certification using numerical ratings", 3318 "Competitive service; selection using numerical ratings", and 3319 "Competitive service; selection using category rating". See 2018 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §573(e), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1779, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XI, §1111(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2820, provided that, effective Dec. 31, 2028, the amendment made by section 573(b) of Pub. L. 115–232 would expire. See 2018 Amendment note below.

**2023**—Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1119(b), (d), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 434, 435, which directed the amendment of the table of sections for subchapter I of this chapter by adding item 3330d "Appointment of military and Department of Defense civilian spouses" and striking out former item 3330d "Appointment of military spouses", was executed to the table of sections for this chapter and was treated as temporary to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding termination provision in sections 573(e) of Pub. L. 115–232 and 1119(d) of Pub. L. 118–31, which effectively undid the amendments made to section 3330d of this title but only provided that the amendment made to this analysis would expire. See Termination Date of 2018 Amendment and Termination Date of 2023 Amendment notes set out under section 3330d of this title.

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5221(b), title LIII, §5322(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3234, 3259, which directed amendment of the analyses for subchapter I of this chapter by adding item 3330f and for subchapter III of this chapter by adding item 3349e, was executed by adding items 3330f and 3349e to the analysis for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005, substituted "certification using numerical ratings" for "certification from registers." in item 3317, "selection using numerical ratings" for "selection from certificates." in item 3318, and "Competitive service; selection using category rating" for "Alternative ranking and selection procedures." in item 3319.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §573(b), (e), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1779, which amended analysis by adding item 3330d "Appointment of military spouses" and striking out former item 3330d, "Appointment of certain military spouses", was treated as temporary to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding termination provision in section 573(e) of Pub. L. 115–232, which effectively undid the amendments made to section 3330d of this title but only provided that the amendment made to this analysis would expire. See Termination Date of 2018 Amendment note set out under section 3330d of this title.

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §§1136(c), 1140(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460, 2471, which directed the amendment of the table of sections of subchapter I of chapter 33 by adding item 3330e at end and inserting item 3322 after item 3321, respectively, was executed to the table of sections for this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2013**—Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §566(c), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1751, added item 3330d.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §§1312(b), 1321(a)(1)(C), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2291, 2296, added item 3319 and struck out item 3393a "Recertification".

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–339, §3(b), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3184, added items 3330a to 3330c.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(c)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–616, substituted "DETAILS, VACANCIES, AND APPOINTMENTS" for "DETAILS" in heading for subchapter III, "Acting officer" for "Details; to office of head of Executive agency or military department" in item 3345, "Time limitation" for "Details; to subordinate offices" in item 3346, "Exclusivity" for "Details; Presidential authority" in item 3347, "Vacant office" for "Details; limited in time" in item 3348, and "Reporting of vacancies" for "Details; to fill vacancies; restrictions" in item 3349 and added items 3349a to 3349d.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §315(b)(1), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2416, substituted "Competitive service; recommendations of Senators or Representatives" for "Political recommendations" in item 3303.

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1037(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 432, which directed substitution of "3330. Government-wide list of vacant positions" for the item relating to section 3329, as added by section 4431(b) of Pub. L. 102–484, could not be executed because of the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 104–52, §4(2). See 1995 Amendment note below.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §4(2), Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490, redesignated item 3329 "Government-wide list of vacant positions" as item 3330.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–94, §8(b), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1007, substituted "Political recommendations" for "Competitive service; recommendations of Senators or Representatives" in item 3303.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §544(b), div. D, title XLIV, §4431(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2415, 2720, added two items 3329.

Pub. L. 102–378, §2(13)(B), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347, struck out item 3342 "Federal participants in executive exchange programs".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(C)(iii)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441, substituted "Appointments to positions classified above GS–15" for "Appointments at GS–16, 17, and 18" in item 3324.

Pub. L. 101–416, §2(a)(2), Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 903, added item 3342.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(a)(2), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758, added item 3393a.

Pub. L. 101–12, §5(b), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 33, added item 3352.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–398, §7(a)(3), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 988, inserted "agency" after "Executive" in item 3345.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–145, title XVI, §1622(a)(2), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 777, added item 3328.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(13), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382, struck out item 3315a "Registers; individuals receiving compensation for work injuries".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §§303(b), 307(h)(2), 309(b), title IV, §403(b), title IX, §906(c)(4), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1146, 1149, 1152, 1165, 1227, substituted "probationary period" for "probation; period of" in item 3321, struck out item 3319 "Competitive service; selection; members of family restriction", added items 3327 and 3391 to 3397, and struck out items 3391 to 3398.

Pub. L. 95–437, §3(b), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, added heading for subchapter VII and items 3391 to 3398.

Pub. L. 95–256, §5(b)(2), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191, struck out item 3322 "Competitive service; temporary appointments after age 70".

Pub. L. 95–251, §2(c)(3), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 184, substituted "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners" in item 3344.

Pub. L. 95–228, §2(a), Feb. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 25, struck out item 3306 "Competitive service; departmental service; apportionment".

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183, §2(7), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057, struck out item 3364 "Promotion; substitute employees in the postal field service".

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–297, §§2(b), 3(b), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 142, 144, substituted "maximum age entrance requirements, exceptions" for "maximum age requirement; restriction on use of appropriated funds" in item 3307, and added subchapter VII and items 3381 to 3385.

**1971**—Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(b), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1925, added heading for subchapter VI and items 3371 to 3376.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(7)(B), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776, struck out item 3327 "Postmasters; standards for determination of qualifications".

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–105, §1(b), Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 273, added item 3304a.

Pub. L. 90–83, §1(9)(B), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197, added item 3315a.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–762, §1(b), Nov. 5, 1966, 80 Stat. 1312, struck out item 3342 "Details; field to departmental service prohibited".

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

The President may—

(1) prescribe such regulations for the admission of individuals into the civil service in the executive branch as will best promote the efficiency of that service;

(2) ascertain the fitness of applicants as to age, health, character, knowledge, and ability for the employment sought; and

(3) appoint and prescribe the duties of individuals to make inquiries for the purpose of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 417.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 631 (less last 16 words). | R.S. §1753 (less last 16 words). |


The words "civil service in the executive branch" are substituted for "civil service of the United States" to confirm the grant of authority in view of the definition of "civil service" in section 2101. The word "will" is substituted for "may". The words "for the employment sought" are substituted for "for the branch of service into which he seeks to enter" as the latter are archaic since there are no "branches" within the executive branch. The word "applicant" is substituted for "candidate".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, provided that: "This section [enacting sections 3345 to 3349d of this title, repealing former sections 3345 to 3349 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3345 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 102–175, §1, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1222, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3395, 3396, 5383, and 7701 of this title] may be cited as the 'Senior Executive Service Improvements Act'."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1332(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2299, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) the United States Government actively encourages and financially supports the training, education, and development of many United States citizens;

"(B) as a condition of some of those supports, many of those citizens have an obligation to seek either compensated or uncompensated employment in the Federal sector; and

"(C) it is in the United States national interest to maximize the return to the Nation of funds invested in the development of such citizens by seeking to employ them in the Federal sector.

"(2)

"(A) establish procedures for ensuring that United States citizens who have incurred service obligations as the result of receiving financial support for education and training from the United States Government and have applied for Federal positions are considered in all recruitment and hiring initiatives of Federal departments, bureaus, agencies, and offices; and

"(B) advertise and open all Federal positions to United States citizens who have incurred service obligations with the United States Government as the result of receiving financial support for education and training from the United States Government."

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4432, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2720, directed executive agencies and the Department of Defense, in filling vacant positions, to give full consideration to the applications of certain individuals who became displaced employees before Oct. 1, 1997, before selecting any candidate from outside the agency for the position.

Pub. L. 101–363, Aug. 14, 1990, 104 Stat. 424, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'National Advisory Council on the Public Service Act of 1990'.

"The Congress finds that—

"(1) recognition of the services rendered by Federal employees (hereinafter in this Act referred to as 'national public service') should be accorded a high and continuing place on the national agenda;

"(2) the National Commission on the Public Service, through its good works, has documented the need for greater advocacy on behalf of those performing national public service;

"(3) although public service is an honorable profession, members of the public do not always perceive it favorably;

"(4) serious obstacles often hinder the Government's efforts to recruit and retain the best and the brightest for national public service;

"(5) just as the public has a right to expect Federal employees to adhere to the highest standards of excellence and ethicality, so Federal employees have a right to expect an atmosphere of trust and respect, and a sense of accomplishment from their work; and

"(6) an advisory council is needed to provide the President and the Congress with bipartisan, objective assessments of, and recommendations concerning, the Federal workforce.

"There shall be established a council to be known as the National Advisory Council on the Public Service (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the 'Council').

"The Council shall—

"(1) regularly assess the state of the Federal workforce;

"(2) in conjunction with the President, the Congress, and the Judiciary, seek to attract individuals of the highest caliber to careers involving national public service, and encourage them and others of similar distinction who are already part of the Federal workforce to make a continuing commitment to national public service;

"(3) promote better public understanding of the role of Federal employees in implementing Government programs and policies, and otherwise seek to improve the public perception of Federal employees;

"(4) encourage efforts to build student interest in performing national public service (whether those efforts are undertaken at the community level, in the classroom, or otherwise); and

"(5) develop methods for improving motivation and excellence among Federal employees.

"(a)

"(1) 2 Members of the Senate, 1 of whom shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and the other of whom shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate.

"(2) 2 Members of the House of Representatives, 1 of whom shall be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the other of whom shall be appointed by the minority leader of the House of Representatives.

"(3) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (or his delegate).

"(4) 10 individuals appointed by the President—

"(A) 4 of whom shall be chosen from among officers serving in the executive branch;

"(B) 1 of whom shall be chosen from among career employees in the civil service;

"(C) 1 of whom shall be a Federal employee who is a member of a labor organization (as defined by section 7103(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code); and

"(D) 4 of whom shall be chosen from among members of the public who do not hold any Government office or position.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(2) While serving away from their homes or regular places of business in the performance of duties for the Council, members shall be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in the same manner as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for persons employed intermittently in Government service.

"(f)

"(g)

"(h)

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) may accept money and other property donated, bequeathed, or devised to the Council without condition or restriction (other than that it be used to carry out the work of the Council); and

"(2) may use, sell, or otherwise dispose of any such property to carry out its functions under this Act, except that, upon the termination of the Council, any such property shall be disposed of in accordance with applicable provisions of law governing the disposal of Federal property.

"The Council shall transmit to the President and each House of the Congress—

"(1) within 1 and 2 years, respectively, after the date on which the Council first meets, reports containing its preliminary findings and recommendations; and

"(2) within 3 years after the date on which the Council first meets, a final report containing a detailed statement of the findings and conclusions of the Council, together with its recommendations for such legislation or administrative actions as it considers appropriate.

"(a)

"(b)

"There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act."

Ex. Ord. No. 8743, Apr. 23, 1941, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 9230, Aug. 20, 1942; Ex. Ord. No. 9678, Jan. 14, 1946; Ex. Ord. No. 9712, Apr. 13, 1946; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 1 of the act of November 26, 1940, entitled "Extending the Classified Executive Civil Service of the United States" (54 Stat. 1211), by the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403), and by section 1753 of the Revised Statutes of the United States [sections 3301 and 7301 of this title], it is hereby ordered as follows:

(b) There is hereby created in the Office of Personnel Management (hereinafter referred to as the Office) a board to be known as the Board of Legal Examiners (hereinafter referred to as the Board). The Board shall consist of the Solicitor General of the United States and the chief law officer of the Office of Personnel Management, as members *ex officio*, and nine members to be appointed by the President, four of whom shall be attorneys chosen from the chief officers of the Executive departments, agencies or corporate instrumentalities of the Government, two from the law-teaching profession, and three from attorneys engaged in private practice. The President shall designate the chairman of the Board. Five members shall constitute a quorum, and the Board may transact business notwithstanding vacancies thereon. Members of the Board shall receive no salary as such, but shall be entitled to necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties hereunder.

(c) It shall be the duty of the Board to promote the development of a merit system for the recruitment, selection, appointment, promotion, and transfer of attorneys in the classified civil service in accordance with the general procedures outlined in Plan A of the report of the Committee on Civil Service Improvement, appointed by Executive Order No. 8044 of January 31, 1939.

(d) The Board, in consultation with the Office, shall determine the regulations and procedures under this section governing the recruitment and examination of applicants for attorney positions, and the selection, appointment, promotion and transfer of attorneys, in the classified service.

(e) The Office shall in the manner determined by the Board establish a register or registers for attorney positions in the classified service and such positions shall thereafter be filled from such registers as are designated by the Board. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, any register so established shall not be in effect for a period longer than one year from the date of its establishment. Upon request of the Board, the Office shall appoint regional or local boards of examiners composed of persons approved by the Board, within or without the Federal service, to interview and examine applicants as the Board shall direct.

(f) The number of names to be placed upon any register of eligibles for attorney positions shall be limited to the number recommended by the Board; and such registers shall not be ranked according to the ratings received by the eligibles, except that persons entitled to veterans' preference as defined in section 1 of Civil Service Rule VI shall be appropriately designated thereon.

(g) Any person whose name has been placed upon three registers of eligibles covering positions of the same grade, and who has not been appointed therefrom, shall not thereafter be eligible for placement upon any subsequently established register covering positions of such grade.

(h) So far as practicable and consistent with good administration, the eligibles on any register for attorney positions and appointments for such register shall be apportioned among the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia upon the basis of population as ascertained in the last preceding census. The Office shall certify to the appointing officer for each vacancy all the eligibles on the appropriate register except those whose appointment would, in the determination of the Board, be inconsistent with the apportionment policy herein prescribed. The appointing officer shall make selections for any vacancy or vacancies in attorney positions from the register so certified, with sole reference to merit and fitness.

(i) Any position affected by this section may be filled before appropriate registers have been established pursuant to this section only by a person whose appointment is approved by the Board. The Board may require as a condition of its approval that persons thus proposed for appointment pass a noncompetitive examination and may designate examining committees composed of persons within or without the Federal service to conduct such examinations. Persons whose appointment was approved by the Board prior to March 16, 1942, and who pass a noncompetitive examination prescribed by the Board shall be eligible for a classified civil-service status after the expiration of six months from the date of appointment upon compliance with the provisions of Section 6 of Civil Service Rule II other than those provisions relating to examination. Effective March 16, 1942, all appointments to attorney and law clerk (trainee) positions shall be for the duration of the present war and for six months thereafter unless specifically limited to a shorter period.

(j) The incumbent of any attorney position covered into the classified service by section 1 of this order may acquire a classified civil-service status in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(a) of the act of November 26, 1940 (54 Stat. 1211) or, in the discretion of the Board and when applicable, Section 6, of Civil Service Rule II: *Provided*, That the noncompetitive examination required thereunder shall be prescribed by the Office with the approval of the Board.

(k) The Office with the approval of the Board shall appoint a competent person to act as Executive Secretary to the Board; and the Office shall furnish such further professionals, clerical, stenographic, and other assistants as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

*(l)* The Civil Service Rules are hereby amended to the extent necessary to give effect to the provisions of this section.

*Provided*, (1) that he has been honorably discharged from the military or naval service, (2) that he makes application for reinstatement within 90 days after termination of his service with the armed forces or of hospitalization continuing after discharge for a period of not more than one year, and (3) that he qualifies in such suitable noncompetitive examination as the Office may prescribe.

(b) Any person who, in order to perform active service with the military or naval forces of the United States, has left a position in any department or agency (other than a temporary position) which is covered into the classified civil service under section 1 of this order, may, upon his applications and upon the request of the head of the same or any other department or agency, be reinstated in any position for which the Office finds he is qualified, and upon reinstatement shall acquire a classified civil-service status: *Provided*, (1) that he has been honorably discharged from the military or naval service, and (2) that he qualifies in such suitable noncompetitive examination as the Office may prescribe.

Ex. Ord. No. 9367, Aug. 4, 1943, 8 F.R. 11017, which prohibited, with certain exceptions, instructions of applicants for civil service and foreign service examinations by officers or employees of the government, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11408, Apr. 25, 1968, 33 F.R. 6459.

Ex. Ord. No. 10577, Nov. 22, 1954, 19 F.R. 7521, eff. Jan. 23, 1955, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10675, Aug. 21, 1956, 21 F.R. 6327; Ex. Ord. No. 10745, Dec. 12, 1957, 22 F.R. 10025; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, amended generally the Civil Service Rules, provided for transition from the indefinite appointment system to the career-conditional appointment system, and revoked Ex. Ord. No. 9830, Feb. 24, 1947, 12 F.R. 1259; Ex. Ord. No. 9973, June 28, 1948, 13 F.R. 3600; Ex. Ord. No. 10180, Nov. 13, 1950, 15 F.R. 7745; Ex. Ord. No. 10440, Mar. 31, 1953, 18 F.R. 1823; and Ex. Ord. No. 10463, June 25, 1953, 18 F.R. 3655. The Civil Service Rules are set out in Parts 1 to 10 of Title 5, Code of Federal Regulations. The Civil Service Rules were also amended by the following Executive Orders:

Ex. Ord. No. 10641, Oct. 26, 1955, 20 F.R. 8137, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055.

Ex. Ord. No. 10869, Mar. 9, 1960, 25 F.R. 2073.

Ex. Ord. No. 11315, Nov. 17, 1966, 31 F.R. 14729, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055.

Ex. Ord. No. 11839, Feb. 15, 1975, 40 F.R. 7351.

Ex. Ord. No. 11856, May 7, 1975, 40 F.R. 20259.

Ex. Ord. No. 11887, Nov. 4, 1975, 40 F.R. 51411.

Ex. Ord. No. 11935, Sept. 2, 1976, 41 F.R. 37301, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055.

Ex. Ord. No. 12021, Nov. 30, 1977, 42 F.R. 61237.

Ex. Ord. No. 12043, Mar. 7, 1978, 43 F.R. 9773, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055.

Ex. Ord. No. 12125, Mar. 15, 1979, 44 F.R. 16879.

Ex. Ord. No. 12148, §5–212, July 20, 1979, 44 F.R. 43239, set out in a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 12300, Mar. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 18683, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12940, Nov. 28, 1994, 59 F.R. 61519.

Ex. Ord. No. 12748, §6(a), formerly §8(a), Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, as amended, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12896, Feb. 3, 1994, 59 F.R. 5515.

Ex. Ord. No. 12940, Nov. 28, 1994, 59 F.R. 61519.

Ex. Ord. No. 13124, §2(b), June 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 31103.

Ex. Ord. No. 13197, Jan. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 7853.

Ex. Ord. No. 13764, §1, Jan. 17, 2017, 82 F.R. 8115.

Ex. Ord. No. 13843, §3(a), July 10, 2018, 83 F.R. 32756.

Ex. Ord. No. 14029, §3, May 14, 2021, 86 F.R. 27025.

Ex. Ord. No. 10590, Jan. 18, 1955, 20 F.R. 409, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10722, Aug. 7, 1957, 22 F.R. 6287; Ex. Ord. No. 10773, July 1, 1958, 23 F.R. 5061; Ex. Ord. No. 10782, Sept. 8, 1958, 23 F.R. 6971, which established the President's Committee on Government Employment Policy, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11246, Sept. 24, 1965, 30 F.R. 12319, set out as a note under section 2000e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 10880, June 7, 1960, 25 F.R. 5131, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which provided for conversion of indefinite or temporary appointments to career or career-conditional appointments, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617.

Ex. Ord. No. 10925, Mar. 7, 1961, 26 F.R. 1977, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11114, June 24, 1963, 28 F.R. 6485; Ex. Ord. No. 11162, July 28, 1964, 29 F.R. 10563, which established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11246, Sept. 24, 1965, 30 F.R. 12319, set out as a note under section 2000e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 11114, June 24, 1963, 28 F.R. 6485, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11162, July 28, 1964, 29 F.R. 10563, which extended the authority of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11246, Sept. 24, 1965, 30 F.R. 12319, set out as a note under section 2000e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 11141, Feb. 12, 1964, 29 F.R. 2477, provided:

WHEREAS the principle of equal employment opportunity is now an established policy of our Government and applies equally to all who wish to work and are capable of doing so; and

WHEREAS discrimination in employment because of age, except upon the basis of a *bona fide* occupational qualification, retirement plan, or statutory requirement, is inconsistent with that principle and with the social and economic objectives of our society; and

WHEREAS older workers are an indispensable source of productivity and experience which our Nation can ill afford to lose; and

WHEREAS President Kennedy, mindful that maximum national growth depends on the utilization of all manpower resources, issued a memorandum on March 14, 1963, reaffirming the policy of the Executive Branch of the Government of hiring and promoting employees on the basis of merit alone and emphasizing the need to assure that older people are not discriminated against because of their age and receive fair and full consideration for employment and advancement in Federal employment; and

WHEREAS, to encourage and hasten the acceptance of the principle of equal employment opportunity for older persons by all sectors of the economy, private and public, the Federal Government can and should provide maximum leadership in this regard by adopting that principle as an express policy of the Federal Government not only with respect to Federal employees but also with respect to persons employed by contractors and subcontractors engaged in the performance of Federal contracts:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States and as President of the United States, I hereby declare that it is the policy of the Executive Branch of the Government that (1) contractors and subcontractors engaged in the performance of Federal contracts shall not, in connection with the employment, advancement, or discharge of employees, or in connection with the terms, conditions, or privileges of their employment, discriminate against persons because of their age except upon the basis of a *bona fide* occupational qualification, retirement plan, or statutory requirement, and (2) that contractors and subcontractors, or persons acting on their behalf, shall not specify, in solicitations or advertisements for employees to work on Government contracts, a maximum age limit for such employment unless the specified maximum age limit is based upon a *bona fide* occupational qualification, retirement plan, or statutory requirement. The head of each department and agency shall take appropriate action to enunciate this policy, and to this end the Federal Procurement Regulations and the Armed Services Procurement Regulation shall be amended by the insertion therein of a statement giving continuous notice of the existence of the policy declared by this order.

Lyndon B. Johnson.

Ex. Ord. No. 11162, July 28, 1964, 29 F.R. 10563, which related to membership of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11246, Sept. 24, 1965, 30 F.R. 12319, set out as a note under section 2000e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 11202, Mar. 5, 1965, 30 F.R. 3185, which established career or career-conditional appointments for student trainees, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11813, Oct. 7, 1974, 39 F.R. 36317, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord No. 11203, Mar. 12, 1965; 30 F.R. 3417, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 2 of the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403) and Section 1753 of the Revised Statutes of the United States (5 U.S.C. 631) [sections 3301 and 7301 of this title] and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows—

(1) he has completed at least three years of full-time continuous service in a position concerned with the protective function;

(2) The Secretary of the Treasury, or his designee, recommends the conversion of the employee's appointment within 90 days after the employee meets the service requirements of this section, or within 90 days after the date of this Order, whichever is later;

(3) he shall have passed a competitive examination appropriate for the position he is occupying or meets noncompetitive examination standards the Office of Personnel Management prescribes for his position; and

(4) he meets all other requirements prescribed by the Office pursuant to Section 5 of this Order.

(1) "full-time continuous service" means service without a break of more than 30 calendar days;

(2) except as provided in paragraph (3) of this section, active service in the Armed Forces of the United States shall be deemed to be full-time continuous service in a position concerned with the protective function if the employee concerned shall have left a position concerned with the protective function to enter the Armed Forces and shall have been re-employed in a position concerned with the protective function within 120 days after he shall have been discharged from the Armed Forces under honorable conditions; and

(3) active service in the Armed Forces shall not be deemed to be full-time continuous service in a position concerned with the protective function if such active service exceeds a total of four years plus any period of additional service imposed pursuant to law.

Ex. Ord. No. 11219, May 6, 1965, 30 F.R. 6381, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055; Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 1753 of the Revised Statutes [sections 3301 and 7301 of this title] and the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403), and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) Is qualified for the position in the competitive service;

(b) Was appointed in the Foreign Service under authority of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 as amended [former section 801 et seq. of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse], the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [section 3901 et seq. of Title 22], or legislation that supplements or replaces the latter Act;

(c) Served in the Foreign Service under an unlimited, career-type appointment and, immediately before his separation from that appointment, he completed at least one year of continuous service under one or more nontemporary appointments in the Foreign Service which may include the service that made him eligible for his career-type appointment; and

(d) Is appointed within 3 years after his separation from the Foreign Service, or he completed at least 3 years of substantially continuous service under one or more nontemporary appointments in the Foreign Service immediately before his separation from the unlimited, career-type appointment in that Service which may include the service that made him eligible for such appointment, or he is entitled to preference under section 2 of the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, as amended [sections 1302 and 2108 of this title].

(b) A person appointed under Section 1 of this Order becomes a career employee when he:

(1) Has completed at least 3 years of substantially continuous service under one or more nontemporary appointments in the Foreign Service immediately before his separation from the unlimited, career-type appointment in that Service which may include the service that made him eligible for such appointment;

(2) Is appointed to a position in the competitive service required by law or Executive order to be filled on a permanent or career basis; or

(3) Has completed the service requirement for career tenure in the competitive service.

For the purpose of subparagraph (3) of this paragraph, service in the Foreign Service is creditable in meeting the service requirement only if the person concerned is appointed to a nontemporary position in the competitive service under Section 1 of this Order within 30 days after his separation from the Foreign Service.

Ex. Ord. No. 11315, Nov. 17, 1966, 31 F.R. 14729, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, §2–101(a), Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, added Civil Service Rule IX and amended Civil Service Rule VI, provided for transition to the full establishment of executive assignments under Rule IX, and delegated responsibility for the administration of the executive assignment system established by this Order to the Office of Personnel Management and heads of agencies affected by Rule IX. Civil Service Rule IX, as established by this Order, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12748, §8(a), Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, set out under section 5301 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11598, June 16, 1971, 36 F.R. 11711, formerly set out as a note under this section, which related to the listing of certain job vacancies by federal agencies and government contractors and subcontractors, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11701, Jan. 24, 1973, 38 F.R. 2675, set out as a note under section 4212 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Ex. Ord. No. 11813, Oct. 7, 1974, 39 F.R. 36317, which related to career or career-conditional appointments for cooperative education students, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12015, Oct. 26, 1977, 42 F.R. 56947, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11955, Jan. 10, 1977, 42 F.R. 2499, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 3301 of title 5 of the United States Code [this section], and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) the candidate has successfully completed two years of service as a candidate in an appropriate training program;

(b) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or the Administrator's designee, recommends the conversion of the candidate's appointment within ninety days of completion of the requirements of section 1(a);

(c) the candidate meets noncompetitive examination standards prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management; and

(d) the candidate meets all other requirements prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management pursuant to section 3 of this order.

Ex. Ord. No. 12008, Aug. 25, 1977, 42 F.R. 43373, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which established a Presidential Management Intern Program, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12364, May 24, 1982, 47 F.R. 22931, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12015, Oct. 26, 1977, 42 F.R. 56947, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055; Ex. Ord. No. 13024, Nov. 7, 1996, 61 F.R. 58125, which related to career or career-conditional appointments in competitive service for students completing approved career-related work-study programs, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13562, §8(b), Dec. 27, 2010, 75 F.R. 82588, set out below, on the effective date of final regulations promulgated by the Director of OPM to implement the Internship Program [July 10, 2012, see 77 F.R. 28194].

For provisions relating to eligibility for reinstatement in the competitive civil service of certain employees of the Energy Department, see Ex. Ord. No. 12026, Dec. 5, 1977, 42 F.R. 61849, set out as a note under section 7292 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Ex. Ord. No. 12257, Dec. 18, 1980, 45 F.R. 84005, which provided for noncompetitive conversion of participants in the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act program to career or career-conditional Civil Service status, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

Ex. Ord. No. 12362, May 12, 1982, 47 F.R. 21231, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12585, Mar. 3, 1987, 52 F.R. 6773, which related to appointment to competitive status of certain overseas employees upon return to the United States, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12721, July 30, 1990, 55 F.R. 31349, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12364, May 24, 1982, 47 F.R. 22931, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12645, July 12, 1988, 53 F.R. 26750, which related to the Presidential Management Intern Program, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13318, Nov. 21, 2003, 68 F.R. 66317, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12505, Feb. 12, 1985, 50 F.R. 6151, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the laws of the United States of America, including Section 3301 and 3302 of Title 5, and Section 521 of Title 31 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) The employee has completed at least one year of full-time continuous service in a position concerned with the paperwork reduction and regulatory program;

(b) There is a continuing need for the position filled by the employee;

(c) The employee's past performance has been satisfactory and the employee possesses the qualifications necessary to continue in the position; and

(d) The employee meets the citizenship requirements and qualification standards appropriate for the position.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 12596, May 7, 1987, 52 F.R. 17537, which provided for noncompetitive conversion to career status of certain employees in professional and administrative career positions, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13162, July 6, 2000, 65 F.R. 43212, set out as a note below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12685, July 28, 1989, 54 F.R. 31796, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 12718, June 29, 1990, 55 F.R. 27451, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], and in order to provide a continuing source of advice on the public service from outstanding leaders in various walks of private life, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment*. The President's Advisory Commission on the Public Service ("Commission") is hereby established. The Commission shall be comprised of 13 members to be appointed by the President from among leading citizens in private life. The members shall be appointed for 2-year terms, except that initial appointments shall include six members appointed to serve 1-year terms. Any vacancy in the Commission shall be filled by an appointment for the remainder of the term for which the original appointment was made, and a member whose term has expired may serve until his or her successor has been appointed. The President shall designate one of the members of the Commission to serve as Chairperson.

*Functions*. (a) The Commission shall meet from time to time at the request of the Chairperson and shall consider ways to enhance the public service in American life, including:

(1) improving the efficiency and attractiveness of the Federal civil service;

(2) increasing the interest among American students in pursuing careers in the public service; and

(3) strengthening the image of the public service in American life.

(b) The Commission shall submit a report on its activities to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the President each year.

*Administrative Provisions*. (a) The members of the Commission shall serve without compensation, but may receive travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.

(b) All executive agencies are directed, to the extent permitted by law, to provide such information, advice, and assistance to the Commission as the Commission may request.

(c) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall, to the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of funds, provide the Commission with administrative services, staff support, and necessary expenses.

*General*. Notwithstanding any other Executive order, the functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], except that of reporting to the Congress, which are applicable to the Commission, shall be performed by the Office of Personnel Management in accordance with the guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General Services.

George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 12721, July 30, 1990, 55 F.R. 31349, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5 and section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and in order to permit certain overseas employees to acquire competitive status upon returning to the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(b) Existing regulations prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management under Executive Order No. 12362, as amended, shall continue in effect until modified or superseded by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13124, June 4, 1999, 64 F.R. 31103, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, and in order to give individuals with psychiatric disabilities the same hiring opportunities as persons with severe physical disabilities or mental retardation under the Civil Service Rules, and to permit individuals with psychiatric disabilities to obtain Civil Service competitive status, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy.*

(a) It is the policy of the United States to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency for persons with disabilities. The Federal Government as an employer should serve as a model for the employment of persons with disabilities and utilize the full potential of these talented citizens.

(b) The Civil Service Rules governing appointment of persons with psychiatric disabilities were adopted years ago when attitudes about mental illness were different than they are today, which led to stricter standards for hiring persons with psychiatric disabilities than for persons with mental retardation or severe physical disabilities. The Civil Service Rules provide that persons with mental retardation, severe physical disabilities, or psychiatric disabilities may be hired under excepted appointing authorities. While persons with mental retardation or severe physical disabilities may be appointed for more than 2 years and may convert to competitive status after completion of 2 years of satisfactory service in their excepted position, people with psychiatric disabilities may not.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the President's Task Force on Employment of Adults with Disabilities believe that the Federal Government could better benefit from the contributions of persons with psychiatric disabilities if they were given the same opportunities available to people with mental retardation or severe physical disabilities.

*Implementation.*

(a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall, consistent with OPM authority, provide that persons with psychiatric disabilities are subject to the same hiring rules as persons with mental retardation or severe physical disabilities.

(b) [Amended Civil Service Rule III.]

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13162, July 6, 2000, 65 F.R. 43211, which established the Federal Career Intern Program and provided for its oversight by the Office of Personnel Management, was revoked, effective Mar. 1, 2011, by Ex. Ord. No. 13562, §8(a), Dec. 27, 2010, 75 F.R. 82588, set out as a note below.

Ex. Ord. No. 13318, Nov. 21, 2003, 68 F.R. 66317, which related to the Presidential Management Fellows Program, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13562, §8(c), Dec. 27, 2010, 75 F.R. 82588, set out below, on the effective date of final regulations promulgated by the Director of OPM to implement required changes to the PMF Program [July 10, 2012, see 77 F.R. 28194].

Ex. Ord. No. 13473, Sept. 25, 2008, 73 F.R. 56703, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It shall be the policy of the United States to provide for the appropriately expedited recruitment and selection of spouses of members of the Armed Forces for appointment to positions in the competitive service of the Federal civil service as part of the effort of the United States to recruit and retain in military service, skilled and experienced members of the Armed Forces and to recognize and honor the service of such members injured, disabled, or killed in connection with their service.

*Definitions*. As used in this order:

(a) the term "agency" has the meaning specified for the term "executive agency" in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, but does not include the Government Accountability Office;

(b) the term "Armed Forces" has the meaning specified for that term in section 101 of title 10, United States Code;

(c) the term "active duty" means full-time duty in an armed force and includes full-time National Guard duty, except that, for Reserve Component members, the term "active duty" does not include training duties or attendance at service schools.

(d) the term "permanent change of station" means the assignment, detail, or transfer of a member of the Armed Forces serving at a present permanent duty station to a different permanent duty station under a competent authorization or order that does not:

(i) specify the duty as temporary;

(ii) provide for assignment, detail, or transfer, after that different permanent duty station, to a further different permanent duty station; or (iii) [sic] direct return to the present permanent duty station; and

(e) the term "totally disabled retired or separated member" means a member of the Armed Forces who:

(i) retired under chapter 61 of title 10, United States Code, with a disability rating at the time of retirement of 100 per cent; or (ii) [sic] retired or separated from the Armed Forces and has a disability rating of 100 percent from the Department of Veterans Affairs.

*Noncompetitive Appointment Authority*. Consistent with the policy set forth in section 1 of this order and such regulations as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, the head of an agency may make a noncompetitive appointment to any position in the competitive service, for which the individual is qualified, of an individual who is:

(a) the spouse of a member of the Armed Forces who, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, is performing active duty pursuant to orders that authorize a permanent change of station move, if such spouse relocates to the member's new permanent duty station;

(b) the spouse of a totally disabled retired or separated member of the Armed Forces; or

(c) the unremarried widow or widower of a member of the Armed Forces killed while performing active duty.

*Administrative Provisions*. The heads of agencies shall employ, as appropriate, appointment authority available to them, in addition to the authority granted by section 3 of this order, to carry out the policy set forth in section 1.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency or the head thereof; and

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative functions.

(b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13518, Nov. 9, 2009, 74 F.R. 58533, provided:

By the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby order as follows:

*Policy*. Veterans have served and sacrificed in defense of our Nation. When they complete their service, we must do everything in our power to assist them in re-entering civilian life and finding employment. Government as well as private employers should play a prominent role in helping veterans who may be struggling to find jobs. As one of the Nation's leading employers, the Federal Government is in need of highly skilled individuals to meet agency staffing needs and to support mission objectives. Our veterans, who have benefited from training and development during their military service, possess a wide variety of skills and experiences, as well as the motivation for public service, that will help fulfill Federal agencies' staffing needs. It is therefore the policy of my Administration to enhance recruitment of and promote employment opportunities for veterans within the executive branch, consistent with merit system principles and veterans' preferences prescribed by law. The Federal Government will thereby help lead by example in promoting veterans' employment.

*Council on Veterans Employment*. There is hereby established an interagency Council on Veterans Employment (Council), to be co-chaired by the Secretaries of Labor and Veterans Affairs. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall serve as Vice Chair of the Council.

(a) Mission and Function of the Council. The Council shall:

(i) advise and assist the President and the Director of OPM in establishing a coordinated Government-wide effort to increase the number of veterans employed by the Federal Government by enhancing recruitment and training;

(ii) serve as a national forum for promoting veterans' employment opportunities in the executive branch; and

(iii) establish performance measures to assess the effectiveness of, and submit an annual report to the President on the status of, the Veterans Employment Initiative described in section 3 of this order.

(b) Membership of the Council. The Council shall consist of the heads of the following agencies and such other executive branch agencies as the President may designate:

(i) the Department of State;

(ii) the Department of the Treasury;

(iii) the Department of Defense;

(iv) the Department of Justice;

(v) the Department of the Interior;

(vi) the Department of Agriculture;

(vii) the Department of Commerce;

(viii) the Department of Labor;

(ix) the Department of Health and Human Services;

(x) the Department of Housing and Urban Development;

(xi) the Department of Transportation;

(xii) the Department of Energy;

(xiii) the Department of Education;

(xiv) the Department of Veterans Affairs;

(xv) the Department of Homeland Security;

(xvi) the Environmental Protection Agency;

(xvii) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

(xviii) the Agency for International Development;

(xix) the General Services Administration;

(xx) the National Science Foundation;

(xxi) the Nuclear Regulatory Commission;

(xxii) the Office of Personnel Management;

(xxiii) the Small Business Administration; and

(xxiv) the Social Security Administration.

A member of the Council may designate, to perform the Council functions of the member, a senior official who is part of the member's agency, and who is a full-time officer or employee of the Federal Government.

(c) Administration of the Council. The Co-Chairs shall convene meetings of the Council, determine its agenda, and direct its work. At the direction of the Co-Chairs, the Council may establish subgroups consisting exclusively of Council members or their designees, as appropriate. The Vice Chair shall designate an Executive Director for the Council to support the Vice Chair in managing the Council's activities. The OPM shall provide administrative support for the Council to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations.

(d) Steering Committee. There is established within the Council a Steering Committee consisting of the Secretaries of Defense, Labor, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security, the Director of OPM, and any other Council member designated by the Co-Chairs. The Steering Committee shall be responsible for providing leadership, accountability, and strategic direction to the Council.

*Veterans Employment Initiative*. The agencies represented on the Council shall participate in a Veterans Employment Initiative (Initiative). Under the Initiative, each participating agency shall, to the extent permitted by law:

(a) develop an agency-specific Operational Plan for promoting employment opportunities for veterans, consistent with the Government-wide Veterans Recruitment and Employment Strategic Plan described in section 4 of this order, merit system principles, the agency's strategic human capital plan, and other applicable workforce planning strategies and initiatives;

(b) within 120 days of the date of this order, establish a Veterans Employment Program Office, or designate an agency officer or employee with full-time responsibility for its Veterans Employment Program, to be responsible for enhancing employment opportunities for veterans within the agency, consistent with law and merit system principles, including developing and implementing the agency's Operational Plan, veterans recruitment programs, and training programs for veterans with disabilities, and for coordinating employment counseling to help match the career aspirations of veterans to the needs of the agency;

(c) provide mandatory annual training to agency human resources personnel and hiring managers concerning veterans' employment, including training on veterans' preferences and special authorities for the hiring of veterans;

(d) identify key occupations for which the agency will provide job counseling and training to better enable veterans to meet agency staffing needs associated with those occupations; and

(e) coordinate with the Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to promote further development and application of technology designed to assist transitioning service members and veterans with disabilities.

*Additional Responsibilities of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management*. The Director of OPM shall, in consultation with the Council and to the extent permitted by law:

(a) develop a Government-wide Veterans Recruitment and Employment Strategic Plan, to be updated at least every 3 years, addressing barriers to the employment of veterans in the executive branch and focusing on:

(i) identifying actions that agency leaders should take to improve employment opportunities for veterans;

(ii) developing the skills of transitioning military service members and veterans;

(iii) marketing the Federal Government as an employer of choice to transitioning service members and veterans;

(iv) marketing the talent, experience, and dedication of transitioning service members and veterans to Federal agencies; and

(v) disseminating Federal employment information to veterans and hiring officials;

(b) provide Government-wide leadership in recruitment and employment of veterans in the executive branch;

(c) identify key occupations, focusing on positions in high-demand occupations where talent is needed to meet Government-wide staffing needs, for which the Federal Government will provide job counseling and training under section 5(a) of this order to veterans and transitioning military service personnel;

(d) develop mandatory training for both human resources personnel and hiring managers on veterans' employment, including veterans' preference and special hiring authorities;

(e) compile and post on the OPM website Government-wide statistics on the hiring of veterans; and

(f) within 1 year of the date of this order and with the advice of the Council, provide recommendations to the President on improving the ability of veterans' preference laws to meet the needs of the new generation of veterans, especially those transitioning from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the needs of Federal hiring officials.

*Responsibilities of the Secretaries of Defense, Labor, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security*. The Secretaries of Defense, Labor, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security shall take the following actions, to the extent permitted by law:

(a) The Secretaries of Defense, Labor, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security shall, in consultation with OPM, develop and implement counseling and training programs to align veterans' and transitioning service members' skills and career aspirations to Federal employment opportunities, targeting Federal occupations that are projected to have heavy recruitment needs.

(b) The Secretary of Labor shall conduct employment workshops for veterans and transitioning military service personnel as part of the Transition Assistance Program (TAP), and integrate in those workshops information about the Federal hiring process, veterans' preference laws, special hiring authorities, and Federal job opportunities.

(c) The Secretary of Defense and Secretary of Homeland Security (with respect to the Coast Guard) shall:

(i) reinforce military leadership's commitment and support of the service members' transition process; and

(ii) institute policies that encourage every eligible service member to take the opportunity to enroll in any or all of the four components of the TAP.

(d) The Secretaries of Labor and Veterans Affairs shall:

(i) assist veterans and transitioning service members in translating military skills, training, and education to Federal occupations through programs developed under subsection (a) of this section; and

(ii) provide training to employment and rehabilitation counselors on the Federal hiring process, veterans' preferences, special hiring authorities, and identifying Federal employment opportunities for veterans.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13562, Dec. 27, 2010, 75 F.R. 82585, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. The Federal Government benefits from a diverse workforce that includes students and recent graduates, who infuse the workplace with their enthusiasm, talents, and unique perspectives. The existing competitive hiring process for the Federal civil service, however, is structured in a manner that, even at the entry level, favors job applicants who have significant previous work experience. This structure, along with the complexity of the rules governing admission to the career civil service, creates a barrier to recruiting and hiring students and recent graduates. It places the Federal Government at a competitive disadvantage compared to private-sector employers when it comes to hiring qualified applicants for entry-level positions.

To compete effectively for students and recent graduates, the Federal Government must improve its recruiting efforts; offer clear paths to Federal internships for students from high school through post-graduate school; offer clear paths to civil service careers for recent graduates; and provide meaningful training, mentoring, and career-development opportunities. Further, exposing students and recent graduates to Federal jobs through internships and similar programs attracts them to careers in the Federal Government and enables agency employers to evaluate them on the job to determine whether they are likely to have successful careers in Government.

Accordingly, pursuant to my authority under 5 U.S.C. 3302(1), and in order to achieve a workforce that represents all segments of society as provided in 5 U.S.C. 2301(b)(1), I find that conditions of good administration (specifically, the need to promote employment opportunities for students and recent graduates in the Federal workforce) make necessary an exception to the competitive hiring rules for certain positions in the Federal civil service.

*Establishment*. There are hereby established the Internship Program and the Recent Graduates Program, which, along with the Presidential Management Fellows Program, as modified herein, shall collectively be known as the Pathways Programs. I therefore direct the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to issue regulations implementing the Pathways Programs consistent with this order, including:

(a) a description of the positions that executive departments and agencies (agencies) may fill through the Pathways Programs because conditions of good administration necessitate excepting those positions from the competitive hiring rules;

(b) rules governing whether, to what extent, and in what manner public notice should be provided of job opportunities in the Pathways Programs;

(c) a description of career-development, training, and mentorship opportunities for participants in the Pathways Programs;

(d) requirements that managers meaningfully assess the performance of participants in the Pathways Programs to identify those who should be considered for conversion to career civil service positions;

(e) a description of OPM oversight of agency use of the Pathways Programs to ensure that (i) they serve as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the competitive hiring process, and (ii) agencies are using the Pathways Programs in a genuine effort to develop talent for careers in the civil service;

(f) a description of OPM plans to evaluate agencies' effectiveness in recruiting and retaining talent using the Pathways Programs and of the satisfaction of Pathways Programs participants and their hiring managers; and

(g) standard naming conventions across agencies, so that students and recent graduates can clearly understand and compare the career pathway opportunities available to them in the Federal Government.

*Internship Program*. The Internship Program shall provide students in high schools, community colleges, 4-year colleges, trade schools, career and technical education programs, and other qualifying educational institutions and programs, as determined by OPM, with paid opportunities to work in agencies and explore Federal careers while still in school. The Internship Program would replace the existing Student Career Experience Program, established pursuant to Executive Order 12015 of October 26, 1977. The following principles and policies shall govern the Internship Program:

(a) Participants in the program shall be referred to as "Interns" and shall be students enrolled, or accepted for enrollment, in qualifying educational institutions and programs, as determined by OPM.

(b) Subject to any exceptions OPM may establish by regulation, agencies shall provide Interns with meaningful developmental work and set clear expectations regarding the work experience of the intern.

(c) Students employed by third-party internship providers but placed in agencies may, to the extent permitted by OPM regulations, be treated as participants in the Internship Program.

*Recent Graduates Program*. The Recent Graduates Program shall provide individuals who have recently graduated from qualifying educational institutions or programs with developmental experiences in the Federal Government intended to promote possible careers in the civil service. The following principles and policies shall govern the Recent Graduates Program:

(a) Participants in the program shall be referred to as "Recent Graduates" and must have obtained a qualifying degree, or completed a qualifying career or technical education program, as determined by OPM, within the preceding 2 years, except that veterans who, due to their military service obligation, were precluded from participating in the Recent Graduates Program during the 2-year period after obtaining a qualifying degree or completing a qualifying program shall be eligible to participate in the Program within 6 years of obtaining a qualifying degree or completing a qualifying program.

(b) Responsibilities assigned to a Recent Graduate shall be consistent with his or her qualifications, educational background, and career interests, the purpose of the Recent Graduates Program, and agency needs.

*Presidential Management Fellows Program*. The Presidential Management Fellows (PMF) Program is an existing program established pursuant to Executive Order 13318 of November 21, 2003, that aims to attract to the Federal service outstanding men and women from a variety of academic disciplines at the graduate level who have a clear interest in, and commitment to, the leadership and management of public policies and programs. The following requirements shall govern the PMF Program upon the revocation of Executive Order 13318, as provided in section 8 of this order:

(a) Participants in this program shall continue to be known as Presidential Management Fellows (PMFs or Fellows) and must have received, within the preceding 2 years, a qualifying advanced degree, as determined by OPM.

(b) Responsibilities assigned to a PMF shall be consistent with the PMF's qualifications, educational background, and career interests, the purposes of the PMF Program, and agency needs.

(c) OPM shall establish the eligibility requirements and minimum qualifications for the program, as well as a process for assessing eligible individuals for consideration for appointment as PMFs.

*Appointment and Conversion*. (a) Appointments to any of the Pathways Programs shall be under Schedule D of the excepted service, as established by section 7 of this order.

(b) Appointments to the Recent Graduates or PMF Programs shall not exceed 2 years, unless extended by the employing agency for up to 120 days thereafter.

(c) Appointment to a Pathways Program shall confer no right to further Federal employment in either the competitive or excepted service upon the expiration of the appointment, except that agencies may convert eligible participants noncompetitively to term, career, or career conditional appointments after satisfying requirements to be established by OPM, and agencies may noncompetitively convert participants who were initially converted to a term appointment under this section to a career or career-conditional appointment before the term appointment expires.

*Implementation*. (a) [Amended Civil Service Rule VI.]

(b) The Director of OPM shall:

(i) promulgate such regulations as the Director determines may be necessary to implement this order;

(ii) provide oversight of the Pathways Programs;

(iii) establish, if appropriate, a Government-wide cap on the number of noncompetitive conversions to the competitive service of Interns, Recent Graduates, or PMFs (or a Government-wide combined conversion cap applicable to all three categories together);

(iv) administer, and review and revise annually or as needed, any Government-wide cap established pursuant to this subsection;

(v) provide guidance on conducting an orderly transition from existing student and internship programs to the Pathways Programs established pursuant to this order; and

(vi) consider for publication in the Federal Register at an appropriate time a proposed rule seeking public comment on the elimination of the Student Temporary Employment Program, established through OPM regulations at 5 CFR 213.3202(a).

(c) In accordance with regulations prescribed pursuant to this order and applicable law, agencies shall:

(i) use appropriate merit-based procedures for recruitment, assessment, placement, and ongoing career development for participants in the Pathways Programs;

(ii) provide for equal employment opportunity in the Pathways Programs without regard to race, ethnicity, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, or any other non-merit-based factor;

(iii) apply veterans' preference criteria; and

(iv) within 45 days of the date of this order, designate a Pathways Programs Officer (at the agency level, or at bureaus or components within the agency) to administer Pathways Programs, to serve as liaison with OPM, and to report to OPM on the implementation of the Pathways Programs and the individuals hired under them.

*Prior Executive Orders*. (a) Effective March 1, 2011, Executive Order 13162 (Federal Career Intern Program) is superseded and revoked. Any individuals serving in appointments under that order on March 1, 2011, shall be converted to the competitive service, effective on that date, with no loss of pay or benefits.

(b) On the effective date of final regulations promulgated by the Director of OPM to implement the Internship Program, Executive Order 12015 (pursuant to which the Student Career Experience Program was established), as amended, is superseded and revoked.

(c) On the effective date of final regulations promulgated by the Director of OPM to implement changes to the PMF Program required by this order, Executive Order 13318 (Presidential Management Fellows Program), as amended, is superseded and revoked.

*General Provisions*. (a) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law, regulation, Executive Order, or Presidential Directive to an executive department, agency, or head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13678, Oct. 3, 2014, 79 F.R. 60949, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Providing Conversion Authority*. I find that conditions of good administration (specifically, the need to make the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice (ATF), competitive in recruiting high quality special agents by giving the ATF an authority held by other Federal law enforcement agencies) make necessary an exception to the competitive examination rules for appointment to certain positions in the Federal civil service.

Criminal Investigators of the ATF, who have been appointed under Schedule B, and who have completed 3 years of fully satisfactory service, may be converted non-competitively to career appointments if they meet qualifications and other requirements established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

*Implementation*. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13704, Aug. 17, 2015, 80 F.R. 50751, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It is in the national interest for the Federal Government to attract the brightest minds skilled in technology or innovative practices to serve in the Federal Government to work on some of the Nation's biggest and most pressing challenges. This order establishes a program to encourage successful entrepreneurs, executives, and innovators to join the Federal Government and work in close cooperation with Federal Government leaders, to create meaningful solutions that can help save lives and taxpayer money, fuel job creation, and significantly improve how the Federal Government serves the American people.

*Establishment and Administration*. (a) The Administrator of General Services (Administrator) shall establish the Presidential Innovation Fellows Program (Program) to enable exceptional individuals with proven track records to serve time-limited appointments in executive branch departments and agencies (agencies) to address some of the Nation's most significant challenges and improve existing Government efforts that would particularly benefit from expertise using innovative techniques and technology. Individuals selected for the Program shall be known as Presidential Innovation Fellows (Fellows).

(b) The Program shall be administered by a Director, appointed by the Administrator under authorities of the General Services Administration (GSA). GSA shall provide necessary staff, resources and administrative support for the Program to the extent permitted by law and within existing appropriations.

(c) GSA shall appoint the Fellows and, in cooperation with agencies, shall facilitate placement of the Fellows to participate in projects that have the potential for significant positive effects and are consistent with the President's goals.

*Advisory Board*. (a) The Administrator shall establish an Advisory Board to advise the Director by recommending such priorities and standards as may be beneficial to fulfill the mission of the Program and assist in identifying potential projects and placements for Fellows. The Advisory Board will not participate in the Fellows' selection process.

(b) The Administrator will designate a representative to serve as the Chair of the Advisory Board. In addition to the Chair, the membership of the Advisory Board shall include the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Management and Budget's Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government, and the Assistant to the President and Chief Technology Officer, or their designees and such other persons as may be designated by the Administrator. Consistent with law, the Advisory Board may consult with industry, academia, or non-profits to ensure the Program is continually identifying opportunities to apply advanced skillsets and innovative practices in effective ways to address the Nation's most significant challenges.

*Application Process*. (a) The Director, in accordance with applicable law, shall prescribe the process for applications and nominations of individuals to the Program.

(b) Following publication of these processes, the Director may accept for consideration applications from individuals. The Director shall establish, administer, review, and revise, if appropriate, a Government-wide cap on the number of Fellows.

The Director shall establish and publish salary ranges, benefits, and standards for the Program.

*Selection, Appointment, and Assignment of Fellows*. (a) The Director, in accordance with applicable law, shall prescribe appropriate procedures for the selection, appointment, and assignment of Fellows.

(b) Prior to the selection of Fellows, the Director will consult with agencies and executive branch departments, regarding potential projects and how best to meet those needs. Following such consultation, the Director shall select and appoint individuals to serve as Fellows.

(c) The Fellows shall serve under short-term, time-limited appointments. As a general matter, they shall be appointed for no less than 6 months and no longer than 2 years in the Program. The Director shall facilitate the process of placing Fellows at requesting agencies and executive branch departments.

*Responsibilities of Agencies*. Each executive branch department or agency, as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, is encouraged to work with the Director and Advisory Board to attempt to maximize the Program's benefits to the department or agency and the Federal Government, including by identifying initiatives that will have a meaningful effect on the people served and that will benefit from involvement by one or more Fellows. Departments and agencies also are encouraged to ensure that each Fellow will work closely with responsible senior officials for the duration of the assignment.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13749, Nov. 29, 2016, 81 F.R. 87391, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. The Federal Government benefits from a workforce that can be recruited from the broadest and deepest pools of qualified candidates for our highly competitive, merit-based positions. The recruitment and retention of workforce participants who serve in the Foreign Service of the Department of State under a Limited Non-Career Appointment under section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, Public Law 96–465 (22 U.S.C. 3949), as amended, are critical to our ability to meet consular staffing levels (now in substantial deficit) and thereby enhance our capacity to meet high national security standards and efficiently process visas in accordance with our policy of "open doors, safe borders." Program participants undergo a rigorous merit-based evaluation process, which includes a written test and an oral assessment and to which a veteran preference applies, and develop advanced- to superior-level skills in languages and in cultural competence in particular regions, skills that are essential for mission-critical positions throughout the entire Federal workforce.

Executive Order 13597 of January 19, 2012, sought to ensure that 80 percent of nonimmigrant visa applicants be interviewed within three weeks of receiving an application. The Department of State's ability to maintain this 80 percent benchmark will come under increasing pressure in the future given current and projected staffing shortfalls through 2023. These staffing gaps could adversely affect the Department of State's ability to sustain border security and immigration control at peak efficiency and effectiveness, which will have effects on tourism, job creation, and U.S. economic growth. Use of the Limited Non-Career Appointment hiring authority will provide flexibility to address, for the foreseeable future, both this increased demand and recurring institutional and national needs across the Federal Government.

Accordingly, pursuant to my authority under 5 U.S.C. 3302(1), and in order to achieve a workforce that represents all segments of society as provided in 5 U.S.C. 2301(b)(1), I find that conditions of good administration make necessary an exception to the competitive hiring rules for certain positions in the Federal civil service.

(a) have received a satisfactory or better performance rating (or equivalent) for service under the qualifying Limited Non-Career Appointment; and

(b) exercise the eligibility for noncompetitive appointment within a period of 1 year after completion of the qualifying Limited Non-Career Appointment. Such period may be extended to not more than 3 years in the case of persons who, following such service, are engaged in military service, in the pursuit of studies at an institution of higher learning, or in other activities that, in the view of the appointing authority, warrant an extension of such period. Such period may also be extended to permit the adjudication of a background investigation.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof, or the status of that department or agency within the Federal Government; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13750, Nov. 29, 2016, 81 F.R. 87393, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. The Federal Government benefits from a workforce that can be recruited from the broadest and deepest pools of qualified candidates for our highly competitive, merit-based positions. The issuance of an order granting Non-Competitive Eligibility (NCE) to certain alumni of the Fulbright U.S. Student Program, the Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship Program, and the Critical Language Scholarship (CLS) Program, all of which are academic exchange programs carried out under the authorities of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, Public Law 87–256, as amended, also known as the Fulbright-Hays Act, and the International Academic Opportunity Act of 2000, title III of Public Law 106–309, would be in the best interest of the Federal Government. Participants in these programs develop advanced- to superior-level skills in languages and cultural competence in regions that are strategically, diplomatically, and economically important to the United States. It is in the interest of the Federal Government to retain the services of these highly skilled individuals, particularly given that the Federal Government aided them in the acquisition of their skills. Participants in the Fulbright, Gilman, and CLS programs are drawn from highly competitive, merit-based national selection processes to which a veterans' preference applies to ensure that the most qualified individuals are selected.

Accordingly, pursuant to my authority under 5 U.S.C. 3302(1), and in order to achieve a workforce that is drawn from all segments of society as provided in 5 U.S.C. 2301(b)(1), I find that conditions of good administration make necessary an exception to the competitive hiring rules for certain positions in the Federal civil service.

*Establishment*. The head of any agency in the executive branch may appoint in the competitive service any person who is certified by the Secretary of State or designee as having participated successfully in the Fulbright, Gilman, or CLS international exchange programs, and who passes such examination as the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) may prescribe.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof, or the status of that department or agency within the Federal Government; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Ex. Ord. No. 13842, July 10, 2018, 83 F.R. 32753, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Providing Appointment Authority*. (a) Good administration of the executive branch necessitates that the U.S. Marshals Service (USMS), a component of the Department of Justice, have a hiring authority that is currently available to other Federal law enforcement agencies and that would, among other things, enable the USMS to be competitive in recruiting high-quality Deputy U.S. Marshals and Criminal Investigators, to better hire and retain qualified individuals in certain duty locations, and to more expeditiously fill vacant positions consistent with law enforcement needs. Accordingly, it is appropriate to place Deputy U.S. Marshals and Criminal Investigators of the USMS in Schedule B of the excepted service, as it is impracticable to hold open competition or to apply usual competitive examining procedures for those positions related to Federal law enforcement.

(b) Appointments to the positions identified in subsection (a) of this section:

(i) may not be made to positions of a confidential or policy-determining character or to positions in the Senior Executive Service; and

(ii) shall constitute Schedule B appointments that are:

(A) excepted from the competitive service; and

(B) subject to laws and regulations governing Schedule B appointments, including basic qualification standards established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (Director) for the applicable occupation and grade level.

*Providing Conversion Authority*. (a) Deputy U.S. Marshals and Criminal Investigators of the USMS appointed under Schedule B may, upon completion of 3 years of substantially continuous, fully satisfactory service, be converted non-competitively to career appointments, provided they meet the qualifications and other requirements established by the Director.

(b) The Director shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to implement this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.

Ex. Ord. No. 13843, July 10, 2018, 83 F.R. 32755, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. The Federal Government benefits from a professional cadre of administrative law judges (ALJs) appointed under section 3105 of title 5, United States Code, who are impartial and committed to the rule of law. As illustrated by the Supreme Court's recent decision in *Lucia* v. *Securities and Exchange Commission*, No. 17–130 (June 21, 2018), ALJs are often called upon to discharge significant duties and exercise significant discretion in conducting proceedings under the laws of the United States. As part of their adjudications, ALJs interact with the public on issues of significance. Especially given the importance of the functions they discharge—which may range from taking testimony and conducting trials to ruling on the admissibility of evidence and enforcing compliance with their orders—ALJs must display appropriate temperament, legal acumen, impartiality, and sound judgment. They must also clearly communicate their decisions to the parties who appear before them, the agencies that oversee them, and the public that entrusts them with authority.

Previously, appointments to the position of ALJ have been made through competitive examination and competitive service selection procedures. The role of ALJs, however, has increased over time and ALJ decisions have, with increasing frequency, become the final word of the agencies they serve. Given this expanding responsibility for important agency adjudications, and as recognized by the Supreme Court in *Lucia*, at least some—and perhaps all—ALJs are "Officers of the United States" and thus subject to the Constitution's Appointments Clause, which governs who may appoint such officials.

As evident from recent litigation, *Lucia* may also raise questions about the method of appointing ALJs, including whether competitive examination and competitive service selection procedures are compatible with the discretion an agency head must possess under the Appointments Clause in selecting ALJs. Regardless of whether those procedures would violate the Appointments Clause as applied to certain ALJs, there are sound policy reasons to take steps to eliminate doubt regarding the constitutionality of the method of appointing officials who discharge such significant duties and exercise such significant discretion.

Pursuant to my authority under section 3302(1) of title 5, United States Code, I find that conditions of good administration make necessary an exception to the competitive hiring rules and examinations for the position of ALJ. These conditions include the need to provide agency heads with additional flexibility to assess prospective appointees without the limitations imposed by competitive examination and competitive service selection procedures. Placing the position of ALJ in the excepted service will mitigate concerns about undue limitations on the selection of ALJs, reduce the likelihood of successful Appointments Clause challenges, and forestall litigation in which such concerns have been or might be raised. This action will also give agencies greater ability and discretion to assess critical qualities in ALJ candidates, such as work ethic, judgment, and ability to meet the particular needs of the agency. These are all qualities individuals should have before wielding the significant authority conferred on ALJs, and each agency should be able to assess them without proceeding through complicated and elaborate examination processes or rating procedures that do not necessarily reflect the agency's particular needs. This change will also promote confidence in, and the durability of, agency adjudications.

*Excepted Service*. Appointments of ALJs shall be made under Schedule E of the excepted service, as established by section 3 of this order.

*Implementation*. (a) [Amended Civil Service Rule VI.]

(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (Director) shall:

(i) adopt such regulations as the Director determines may be necessary to implement this order, including, as appropriate, amendments to or rescissions of regulations that are inconsistent with, or that would impede the implementation of, this order, giving particular attention to 5 CFR, part 212, subpart D; 5 CFR, part 213, subparts A and C; 5 CFR 302.101; and 5 CFR, part 930, subpart B; and

(ii) provide guidance on conducting a swift, orderly transition from the existing appointment process for ALJs to the Schedule E process established by this order.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented in a manner consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.

Ex. Ord. No. 13932, June 26, 2020, 85 F.R. 39457, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and sections 1104(a)(1), 3301, and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Purpose*. The foundation of our professional merit-based civil service is the principle that employment and advancement rest on the ability of individuals to fulfill their responsibilities in service to the American public. Accordingly, Federal Government employment opportunities should be filled based on merit. Policies or practices that undermine public confidence in the hiring process undermine confidence in both the civil service and the Government.

America's private employers have modernized their recruitment practices to better identify and secure talent through skills- and competency-based hiring. As the modern workforce evolves, the Federal Government requires a more efficient approach to hiring. Employers adopting skills- and competency-based hiring recognize that an overreliance on college degrees excludes capable candidates and undermines labor-market efficiencies. Degree-based hiring is especially likely to exclude qualified candidates for jobs related to emerging technologies and those with weak connections between educational attainment and the skills or competencies required to perform them. Moreover, unnecessary obstacles to opportunity disproportionately burden low-income Americans and decrease economic mobility.

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) oversees most aspects of the civilian Federal workforce, including creating and maintaining the General Schedule classification system and determining the duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements for Federal jobs. Executive departments and agencies (agencies), however, are responsible for vetting and selecting specific candidates to fill particular job openings consistent with statutory requirements and OPM rules and guidance, including applicable minimum educational requirements. Currently, for most Federal jobs, traditional education—high school, college, or graduate-level—rather than experiential learning is either an absolute requirement or the only path to consideration for candidates without many years of experience. As a result, Federal hiring practices currently lag behind those of private sector leaders in securing talent based on skills and competency.

My Administration is committed to modernizing and reforming civil service hiring through improved identification of skills requirements and effective assessments of the skills job seekers possess. We encourage these same practices in the private sector. Modernizing our country's processes for identifying and hiring talent will provide America a more inclusive and demand-driven labor force.

Through the work of the National Council for the American Worker and the American Workforce Policy Advisory Board, my Administration is fulfilling its commitment to expand employment opportunities for workers. The increased adoption of apprenticeship programs by American employers, the creation of Industry-Recognized Apprenticeship Programs, and the implementation of Federal hiring reforms, including those in this order, represent important steps toward providing more Americans with pathways to family-sustaining careers. In addition, the Principles on Workforce Freedom and Mobility announced by my Administration in January 2020 detail reforms that will expand opportunities and eliminate unnecessary education costs for job seekers. This order builds on the broader work of my Administration to expand opportunity and create a more inclusive 21st-century economy.

This order directs important, merit-based reforms that will replace degree-based hiring with skills- and competency-based hiring and will hold the civil service to a higher standard—ensuring that the individuals most capable of performing the roles and responsibilities required of a specific position are those hired for that position—that is more in line with the principles on which the merit system rests.

*Revision of Job Classification and Qualification Standards*. (a) The Director of OPM, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, and the heads of agencies, shall review and revise all job classification and qualification standards for positions within the competitive service, as necessary and consistent with subsections (a)(i) and (a)(ii) of this section. All changes to job classification and qualification standards shall be made available to the public within 120 days of the date of this order [June 26, 2020] and go into effect within 180 days of the date of this order.

(i) An agency may prescribe a minimum educational requirement for employment in the Federal competitive service only when a minimum educational qualification is legally required to perform the duties of the position in the State or locality where those duties are to be performed.

(ii) Unless an agency is determining a candidate's satisfaction of a legally required minimum educational requirement, an agency may consider education in determining a candidate's satisfaction of some other minimum qualification only if the candidate's education directly reflects the competencies necessary to satisfy that qualification and perform the duties of the position.

(b) Position descriptions and job postings published by agencies for positions within the competitive service should be based on the specific skills and competencies required to perform those jobs.

*Improving the Use of Assessments in the Federal Hiring Process*. (a) In addition to the other requirements of this order, the Director of OPM shall work with the heads of all agencies to ensure that, within 180 days of the date of this order, for positions within the competitive service, agencies assess candidates in a manner that does not rely solely on educational attainment to determine the extent to which candidates possess relevant knowledge, skills, competencies, and abilities. The heads of all agencies shall develop or identify such assessment practices.

(b) In assessing candidates, agencies shall not rely solely on candidates' self-evaluations of their stated abilities. Applicants must clear other assessment hurdles in order to be certified for consideration.

(c) Agencies shall continually evaluate the effectiveness of different assessment strategies to promote and protect the quality and integrity of their hiring processes.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order:

(a) the term "assessment" refers to any valid and reliable method of collecting information on an individual for the purposes of making a decision about qualification, hiring, placement, promotion, referral, or entry into programs leading to advancement;

(b) the term "competitive service" has the meaning specified by section 2102 of title 5, United States Code;

(c) the term "education" refers to Post High-School Education as that term is defined in the OPM General Schedule Qualification Policies; and

(d) the term "qualification" means the minimum requirements necessary to perform work of a particular position or occupation successfully and safely.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.

Ex. Ord. No. 13957, Oct. 21, 2020, 85 F.R. 67631, which created Schedule F in the Excepted Service for positions of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character not normally subject to change as a result of a Presidential transition, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14003, §2(a), Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 14003, Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Career civil servants are the backbone of the Federal workforce, providing the expertise and experience necessary for the critical functioning of the Federal Government. It is the policy of the United States to protect, empower, and rebuild the career Federal workforce. It is also the policy of the United States to encourage union organizing and collective bargaining. The Federal Government should serve as a model employer.

*Revocation of Schedule F*. (a) The creation of a new Schedule F excepted service category in Executive Order 13957 of October 21, 2020 (Creating Schedule F in the Excepted Service) [formerly set out above], not only was unnecessary to the conditions of good administration, but also undermined the foundations of the civil service and its merit system principles, which were essential to the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883's [22 Stat. 403] repudiation of the spoils system. Accordingly, to enhance the efficiency of the civil service and to promote good administration and systematic application of merit system principles, Executive Order 13957 is hereby revoked.

(b) The heads of all executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall, consistent with law, immediately suspend, revise, or rescind proposed actions, decisions, petitions, rules, regulations or other guidance pursuant to, or to effectuate, Executive Order 13957. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall immediately cease processing or granting any petitions that seek to convert positions to Schedule F or to create new positions in Schedule F.

*Revocation of Certain Presidential and Regulatory Actions*. (a) Executive Order 13836 of May 25, 2018 (Developing Efficient, Effective, and Cost-Reducing Approaches to Federal Sector Collective Bargaining) [former 5 U.S.C. 7101 note], is hereby revoked. The Interagency Labor Relations Working Group is hereby disbanded and the Director of OPM shall withdraw all materials issued by this working group that are inconsistent with the policy set forth in section 1 of this order.

(b) Executive Order 13837 of May 25, 2018 (Ensuring Transparency, Accountability, and Efficiency in Taxpayer-Funded Union Time Use) [former 5 U.S.C. 7131 note], is hereby revoked.

(c) Executive Order 13839 of May 25, 2018 (Promoting Accountability and Streamlining Removal Procedures Consistent with Merit System Principles) [former 5 U.S.C. 7501 note prec.], is hereby revoked.

(d) The Presidential Memorandum of October 11, 2019 (Executive Orders 13836, 13837, and 13839) [former 5 U.S.C. 7101 note], is hereby revoked.

(e) The heads of agencies whose practices were covered by Executive Orders 13836, 13837, and 13839 (affected agencies) shall review and identify existing agency actions related to or arising from those orders. Such actions include:

(i) Actions related to the authorization of union time described in sections 4(b) and 5(b) of Executive Order 13837;

(ii) Actions related to the system for monitoring the use of union time described in section 5(c) of Executive Order 13837;

(iii) Guidance promulgated pursuant to section 7(d) of Executive Order 13837;

(iv) Actions taken pursuant to section 8 of Executive Order 13837;

(v) Revisions to discipline and unacceptable performance policies, including ones codified in bargaining agreements, issued pursuant to section 7(b) of Executive Order 13839; and

(vii) The final rule entitled "Probation on Initial Appointment to a Competitive Position, Performance-Based Reduction in Grade and Removal Actions and Adverse Actions," 85 Fed. Reg. 65940 (October 16, 2020).

(f) The heads of affected agencies shall, as soon as practicable, suspend, revise, or rescind, or publish for notice and comment proposed rules suspending, revising, or rescinding, the actions identified in the review described in subsection (e) of this section, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law and the policy set forth in section 1 of this order.

*Ensuring the Right to Engage in Collective Bargaining*. The head of each agency subject to the provisions of chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code, shall elect to negotiate over the subjects set forth in 5 U.S.C. 7106(b)(1) and shall instruct subordinate officials to do the same.

*Progress Toward a Living Wage for Federal Employees*. The Director of OPM shall provide a report to the President with recommendations to promote a $15/hour minimum wage for Federal employees.

*Severability*. If any provision of this order, or the application of such provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and the application of such provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 11, 2010, 75 F.R. 27157, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

To deliver the quality services and results the American people expect and deserve, the Federal Government must recruit and hire highly qualified employees, and public service should be a career of choice for the most talented Americans. Yet the complexity and inefficiency of today's Federal hiring process deters many highly qualified individuals from seeking and obtaining jobs in the Federal Government.

I therefore call on executive departments and agencies (agencies) to overhaul the way they recruit and hire our civilian workforce. Americans must be able to apply for Federal jobs through a commonsense hiring process and agencies must be able to select high-quality candidates efficiently and quickly. Moreover, agency managers and supervisors must assume a leadership role in recruiting and selecting employees from all segments of our society. Human resource offices must provide critical support for these efforts. The ability of agencies to perform their missions effectively and efficiently depends on a talented and engaged workforce, and we must reform our hiring system to further strengthen that workforce.

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 3301 of title 5, United States Code, I hereby direct the following:

*Directions to Agencies*. Agency heads shall take the following actions no later than November 1, 2010:

(a) consistent with merit system principles and other requirements of title 5, United States Code, and subject to guidance to be issued by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), adopt hiring procedures that:

(1) eliminate any requirement that applicants respond to essay-style questions when submitting their initial application materials for any Federal job;

(2) allow individuals to apply for Federal employment by submitting resumes and cover letters or completing simple, plain language applications, and assess applicants using valid, reliable tools; and

(3) provide for selection from among a larger number of qualified applicants by using the "category rating" approach (as authorized by section 3319 of title 5, United States Code), rather than the "rule of 3" approach, under which managers may only select from among the three highest scoring applicants;

(b) require that managers and supervisors with responsibility for hiring are:

(1) more fully involved in the hiring process, including planning current and future workforce requirements, identifying the skills required for the job, and engaging actively in the recruitment and, when applicable, the interviewing process; and

(2) accountable for recruiting and hiring highly qualified employees and supporting their successful transition into Federal service, beginning with the first performance review cycle starting after November 1, 2010;

(c) provide the OPM and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) timelines and targets to:

(1) improve the quality and speed of agency hiring by:

(i) reducing substantially the time it takes to hire mission-critical and commonly filled positions;

(ii) measuring the quality and speed of the hiring process; and

(iii) analyzing the causes of agency hiring problems and actions that will be taken to reduce them; and

(2) provide every agency hiring manager training on effective, efficient, and timely ways to recruit and hire well-qualified individuals;

(d) notify individuals applying for Federal employment through USAJOBS, an OPM-approved Federal web-based employment search portal, about the status of their application at key stages of the application process; and

(e) identify a senior official accountable for leading agency implementation of this memorandum.

*Directions to the OPM*. The OPM shall take the following actions no later than 90 days after the date of this memorandum:

(a) establish a Government-wide performance review and improvement process for hiring reform actions described in section 1 of this memorandum, including:

(1) a timeline, benchmarks, and indicators of progress; [and]

(2) a goal-focused, data-driven system for holding agencies accountable for improving the quality and speed of agency hiring, achieving agency hiring reform targets, and satisfying merit system principles and veterans' preference requirements; and [sic]

(b) develop a plan to promote diversity in the Federal workforce, consistent with the merit system principle (codified at 5 U.S.C. 2301(b)(1)) that the Federal Government should endeavor to achieve a workforce from all segments of society;

(c) evaluate the Federal Career Intern Program established by Executive Order 13162 of July 6, 2000, provide recommendations concerning the future of that program, and propose a framework for providing effective pathways into the Federal Government for college students and recent college graduates;

(d) provide guidance or propose regulations, as appropriate, to streamline and improve the quality of job announcements for Federal employment to make sure they are easily understood by applicants;

(e) evaluate the effectiveness of shared registers used in filling positions common across multiple agencies and develop a strategy for improving agencies' use of these shared registers for commonly filled Government-wide positions;

(f) develop a plan to increase the capacity of USAJOBS to provide applicants, hiring managers, and human resource professionals with information to improve the recruitment and hiring processes; and

(g) take such further administrative action as appropriate to implement sections 1 and 2 of this memorandum.

*Senior Administration Officials*. Agency heads and other senior administration officials visiting university or college campuses on official business are encouraged to discuss career opportunities in the Federal Government with students.

*Reporting*. (a) The OPM, in coordination with the OMB and in consultation with other agencies, shall develop a public human resources website to:

(1) track key human resource data, including progress on hiring reform implementation; and

(2) assist senior agency leaders, hiring managers, and human resource professionals with identifying and replicating best practices within the Federal Government for improving new employee quality and the hiring process.

(b) Each agency shall regularly review its key human resource performance and work with the OPM and the OMB to achieve timelines and targets for correcting agency hiring problems.

(c) The OPM shall submit to the President an annual report on the impact of hiring initiatives set forth in this memorandum, including its recommendations for further improving the Federal Government's hiring process.

*General Provisions*. (a) Except as expressly stated herein, nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(1) authority granted by law or Executive Order to an agency, or the head thereof; or

(2) functions of the Director of the OMB relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Director of the OPM, in consultation with the OMB, may grant an exception to any of the requirements set forth in section 1 of this memorandum to an agency that demonstrates that exceptional circumstances prevent it from complying with that requirement.

*Publication*. The Director of the OPM is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 31, 2014, 79 F.R. 7045, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

The Federal Government is America's largest employer. While seeking to employ a talented and productive workforce, it has a responsibility to lead by example. Although executive departments and agencies (agencies) generally can, and do, take job applicants' employment history and other factors into account when making hiring decisions, it is the policy of my Administration that applicants should not face undue obstacles to Federal employment because they are unemployed or face financial difficulties. The Government must continue to take steps to ensure the fair treatment of applicants, as well as incumbent Federal employees, who face financial difficulties through no fault of their own and make good faith efforts to meet those obligations. Therefore, I hereby direct as follows:

*Individuals Who Are Unemployed or Facing Financial Difficulty*. (a) Agencies shall not make an unfavorable determination with respect to the suitability, fitness, or qualifications of an applicant for Federal employment because that applicant:

(i) is or was unemployed; or

(ii) has experienced or is experiencing financial difficulty through no fault of the applicant, if the applicant has undertaken a good-faith effort to meet his or her financial obligations.

(b) Consistent with existing law, agencies shall not remove, suspend, or demote a current Federal employee if the basis of the action is that the employee has experienced, or is experiencing, financial difficulty through no fault of the employee, and the employee has undertaken a good-faith effort to meet his or her financial obligations.

(c) Agencies shall review their recruiting and hiring practices to determine whether such processes intentionally or inadvertently place applicants at an undue disadvantage because of the factors set forth in subsection (a) of this section and report the results to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) within 90 days of the date of this memorandum. Taking into account the results, the Director of OPM shall issue guidance to Chief Human Capital Officers to assist agencies with implementation of this memorandum.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof;

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals;

(iii) the authority granted by law, Executive Order, or regulation to a department or agency, or the head thereof, to determine eligibility for access to classified information or to occupy a sensitive position; or

(iv) the authority granted by law or Executive Order to a department or agency, or the head thereof, to take adverse actions against Federal employees for their failure to comply with any law, rule, or regulation imposing upon them an obligation to satisfy in good faith their just financial obligations, including Federal, State, or local taxes.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Director of OPM is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

The President may prescribe rules governing the competitive service. The rules shall provide, as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant, for—

(1) necessary exceptions of positions from the competitive service; and

(2) necessary exceptions from the provisions of sections 2951, 3304(a), 3321, 7202, and 7203 of this title.

Each officer and individual employed in an agency to which the rules apply shall aid in carrying out the rules.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 95–228, §2(b), Feb. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(c)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(16), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 103–94, §2(b)(1), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1004.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 633(1) (less function of Civil Service Commission), (2)8 (last sentence). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(1) (less function of Civil Service Commission), (2) 8 (last sentence), 22 Stat. 403, 404. |


The reference to the competitive service is substituted for the reference to the Act creating that service. The reference to reasons for the exceptions is omitted as covered by section 1308 of this title. The words "provide for" are substituted for "provide and declare". Paragraph (1) is supplied to preserve the President's power to except positions from the competitive service, previously implied from the power to except from the first rule in former section 633(2). Authority to make exceptions to so much of former section 633(2) as is restated in this section and section 1302(a) is omitted as meaningless. Authority to make exceptions to so much of former section 633(2) as is restated in section 3318(a) is omitted as superseded by former section 857, which is carried into section 3318(a). In the last sentence, the words "Each officer and individual employed in an agency" are substituted for "officers of the United States in the departments and offices" because of the restrictive definition of "officer" in section 2104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1993**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 103–94 substituted "and 7203" for "7203, 7321, and 7322".

**1979**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 96–54 amended par. (2) in same manner as amendment by section 703(c)(1) of Pub. L. 95–454. See 1978 Amendment note below.

**1978**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "7202, 7203" for "7152, 7153".

Pub. L. 95–228 struck out reference to section 3306(a)(1) of this title. Amendments by section 703(c)(1) and (c)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 appear to have been inadvertently reversed. Subsec. (c)(1) purported to amend subsec. (c)(1) of section 2105 of this title, and subsec. (c)(2) purported to amend par. (2) of this section. However, the amendments specified by Pub. L. 95–454, §703(c)(1) and (2), were impossible to execute literally. Thus, amendment by Pub. L. 95–454, §703(c)(2) was executed to section 2105 of this title, and amendment by section 703(c)(1) was executed to this section as the probable intent of Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–94 effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, but not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under amended provision, which is to be treated as remaining in force for purpose of sustaining any proper proceeding or action for enforcement of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability, and no provision of Pub. L. 103–94 to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 7321 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11521, Mar. 26, 1970, 35 F.R. 5311, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

WHEREAS this Nation has an obligation to assist veterans of the armed forces in readjusting to civilian life;

WHEREAS the Federal Government, as an employer, should reflect its recognition of this obligation in its personnel policies and practices;

WHEREAS veterans, by virtue of their military service, have lost opportunities to pursue education and training oriented toward civilian careers;

WHEREAS the Federal Government is continuously concerned with building an effective workforce, and veterans constitute a major recruiting source; and

WHEREAS the development of skills is most effectively achieved through a program combining employment with education or training:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution of the United States, by sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

(1) served on active duty in the armed forces of the United States during the Vietnam era;

(2) at the time of his appointment has completed not more than fourteen years of education; and

(3) is found qualified to perform the duties of the position.

(b) Employment under paragraph (a) of this section is authorized only under a training or educational program developed by an agency in accordance with guidelines established by the Office of Personnel Management.

(c) An employee given a veterans readjustment appointment under paragraph (a) of this section shall serve subject to:

(1) the satisfactory performance of assigned duties; and

(2) participation in the training or educational program under which he is appointed.

(d) An employee who does not satisfactorily meet the conditions set forth in paragraph (c) of this section shall be removed in accordance with appropriate procedures.

(e) An employee serving under a veterans readjustment appointment may be promoted, reassigned, or transferred.

(f) An employee who completes the training or educational program and who has satisfactorily completed two years of substantially continuous service under a veterans readjustment appointment shall be converted to career-conditional or career employment. An employee converted under this paragraph shall automatically acquire a competitive status.

(g) In selecting an applicant for appointment under this section, an agency shall not discriminate because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, or political affiliation.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management may determine the circumstances under which service under a transitional appointment may be deemed service under a veterans readjustment appointment for the purpose of paragraph (f) of section 1 of this order.

(a) "agency" means a military department as defined in section 102 of title 5, United States Code, an executive agency (other than the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office]) as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, and those portions of the legislative and judicial branches of the Federal Government and of the government of the District of Columbia having positions in the competitive service; and

(b) "Vietnam era" means the period beginning August 5, 1964, and ending on such date thereafter as may be determined by Presidential proclamation or concurrent resolution of the Congress.

An individual concerned in examining an applicant for or appointing him in the competitive service may not receive or consider a recommendation of the applicant by a Senator or Representative, except as to the character or residence of the applicant.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 103–94, §8(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1006; Pub. L. 104–197, title III, §315(a), Sept. 16, 1996, 110 Stat. 2416.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 642. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §10, 22 Stat. 406. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form. The words "An individual concerned in examining an applicant for or appointing him in the competitive service" are substituted for "any person concerned in making any examination or appointment under this act". The word "applicant" is substituted for "person who shall apply for office or place under the provisions of this act". The word "Representative" is substituted for "Member of the House of Representatives".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–197 substituted "Competitive service; recommendations of Senators or Representatives" for "Political recommendations" in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting provisions prohibiting receipt or consideration of recommendations of applicants in competitive service made by Senators or Representatives for provisions which directed that personnel actions be taken without solicitation of or regard to such recommendations from Members of Congress, congressional employees, any elected official of the government of any State (including D.C. and Puerto Rico) or subdivision thereof, or political party official, prohibited such persons from making such recommendations, prohibited employees or applicants from soliciting such recommendations and required notification of such prohibition, but allowed for certain exceptions regarding solicitation and consideration of recommendations if subject of recommendation was limited to factors pertinent to work performance, ability, aptitude, general qualifications, related to suitability or security standards, or furnished pursuant to law or regulation.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–94 substituted "Political recommendations" for "Competitive service; recommendations of Senators or Representatives" as section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "An individual concerned in examining an applicant for or appointing him in the competitive service may not receive or consider a recommendation of the applicant by a Senator or Representative, except as to the character or residence of the applicant."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–197 effective 30 days after Sept. 16, 1996, see section 315(c) of Pub. L. 104–197, set out as a note under section 2302 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–94 effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, but not to release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under amended provision, which is to be treated as remaining in force for purpose of sustaining any proper proceeding or action for enforcement of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability, and no provision of Pub. L. 103–94 to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as an Effective Date; Savings Provision note under section 7321 of this title.

(a) The President may prescribe rules which shall provide, as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant, for—

(1) open, competitive examinations for testing applicants for appointment in the competitive service which are practical in character and as far as possible relate to matters that fairly test the relative capacity and fitness of the applicants for the appointment sought;

(2) noncompetitive examinations when competent applicants do not compete after notice has been given of the existence of the vacancy; and

(3) authority for agencies to appoint, without regard to the provision of sections 3309 through 3318, candidates directly to positions for which—

(A) public notice has been given; and

(B) the Office of Personnel Management has determined that there exists a severe shortage of candidates (or, with respect to the Department of Veterans Affairs, that there exists a severe shortage of highly qualified candidates) or that there is a critical hiring need.

The Office shall prescribe, by regulation, criteria for identifying such positions and may delegate authority to make determinations under such criteria.

(b) An individual may be appointed in the competitive service only if he has passed an examination or is specifically excepted from examination under section 3302 of this title. This subsection does not take from the President any authority conferred by section 3301 of this title that is consistent with the provisions of this title governing the competitive service.

(c)(1) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "technician" has the meaning given such term by section 8337(h)(1) of this title.

(2) Notwithstanding a contrary provision of this title or of the rules and regulations prescribed under this title for the administration of the competitive service, an individual who served for at least 3 years as a technician acquires a competitive status for transfer to the competitive service if such individual—

(A) is involuntarily separated from service as a technician other than by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency;

(B) passes a suitable noncompetitive examination; and

(C) transfers to the competitive service within 1 year after separating from service as a technician.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall promulgate regulations on the manner and extent that experience of an individual in a position other than the competitive service, such as the excepted service (as defined under section 2103) in the legislative or judicial branch, or in any private or nonprofit enterprise, may be considered in making appointments to a position in the competitive service (as defined under section 2102). In promulgating such regulations OPM shall not grant any preference based on the fact of service in the legislative or judicial branch. The regulations shall be consistent with the principles of equitable competition and merit based appointments.

(e) Employees at any place outside the District of Columbia where the President or the Office of Personnel Management directs that examinations be held shall allow the reasonable use of public buildings for, and in all proper ways facilitate, holding the examinations.

(f)(1) Preference eligibles or veterans who have been separated from the armed forces under honorable conditions after 3 years or more of active service may not be denied the opportunity to compete for vacant positions for which the agency making the announcement will accept applications from individuals outside its own workforce under merit promotion procedures.

(2) If selected, a preference eligible or veteran described in paragraph (1) shall receive a career or career-conditional appointment, as appropriate.

(3) This subsection shall not be construed to confer an entitlement to veterans' preference that is not otherwise required by law.

(4) The area of consideration for all merit promotion announcements which include consideration of individuals of the Federal workforce shall indicate that preference eligibles and veterans who have been separated from the armed forces under honorable conditions after 3 years or more of active service are eligible to apply. The announcements shall be publicized in accordance with section 3327.

(5) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subsection. The regulations shall ensure that an individual who has completed an initial tour of active duty is not excluded from the application of this subsection because of having been released from such tour of duty shortly before completing 3 years of active service, having been honorably released from such duty.

(g)

(1)

(A) the term "Department" means the Department of Defense; and

(B) the term "time-limited appointment" means a temporary or term appointment in the competitive service.

(2)

(A) the employee was appointed initially under open, competitive examination under subchapter I of this chapter to the time-limited appointment;

(B) the employee has served under 1 or more time-limited appointments within the Department for a period or periods totaling more than 2 years without a break of 2 or more years; and

(C) the employee's performance has been at an acceptable level of performance throughout the period or periods referred to in subparagraph (B).

(3)

(A) becomes a career-conditional employee, unless the employee has otherwise completed the service requirements for career tenure; and

(B) acquires competitive status upon appointment.

(4)

(A) the employee applies for a position covered by this section not later than 2 years after the most recent date of separation; and

(B) the employee's most recent separation was for reasons other than misconduct or performance.

(5)

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(5), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 99–586, Oct. 29, 1986, 100 Stat. 3325; Pub. L. 104–65, §§16(a), (b), 17(a), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 105–339, §2, Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3182; Pub. L. 106–117, title V, §511(c), Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1575; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1312(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XI, §1105(g), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1104(e)(2), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3450; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1102(d)(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2485; Pub. L. 115–46, title II, §213, Aug. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 967; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XI, §1108, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2818.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 633(2)1. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(2)1, 22 Stat. 403. |

5 U.S.C. 633(2)7 (less last 17 words). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(2)7 (less last 17 words), 22 Stat. 404. | |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 638 (as applicable to appointment). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §7 (as applicable to appointment), 22 Stat. 406. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 631b(b). | Nov. 26, 1940, ch. 919, §2(b), 54 Stat. 1212. Feb. 12, 1946, ch. 3, 60 Stat. 3. May 29, 1958, Pub. L. 85–432, §5, 72 Stat. 151. |

5 U.S.C. 631b(c). | June 24, 1952, ch. 456, 66 Stat. 155. | |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 635 (7th sentence). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §3 (7th sentence), 22 Stat. 404. |


In subsection (a), the authority of the President to prescribe rules is added on authority of former section 633(1), which is carried into section 3302. The words "competitive service" are substituted for "public service" since the requirements do not apply to the excepted or uniformed service.

In subsection (b), the words "That after the expiration of six months from the passage of this act" are omitted as executed. The words "in the competitive service" are substituted for "in either of the said classes now existing, or that may be arranged hereunder pursuant to said rules" because of the definition of "competitive service" in section 2102. In the second sentence, the words "the provisions of this title governing the competitive service" are substituted for "this act".

In subsection (c), the provisions of former section 631b(b) and (c) are combined and restated for clarity. The words "From and after the effective date of this Act" and "From and after the date of approval of this Act" are omitted as executed. The words "competitive service" are substituted for "classified civil service" in view of the definition of "competitive service" in section 2102. The words "or as a clerical employee of the Senate or House of Representatives" are omitted as included in the reference to "an individual . . . in the legislative branch in a position in which he was paid by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives". The words "and nothing in this Act shall be construed to impair any right of retransfer provided for under civil service laws or regulations made thereunder" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (d), the word "Employees" is substituted for "collector, postmaster, and other officers of the United States".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2022**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 117–263 added subsec. (g).

**2017**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 115–46 inserted "(or, with respect to the Department of Veterans Affairs, that there exists a severe shortage of highly qualified candidates)" after "severe shortage of candidates".

**2009**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 111–84 amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows:

"(i) the Office of Personnel Management has determined that there exists a severe shortage of candidates or there is a critical hiring need; or

"(ii) the candidate is a participant in the Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation (SMART) Defense Defense Education Program under section 2192a of title 10, United States Code."

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "Defense Education Program" for "Scholarship Pilot Program" and "section 2192a of title 10, United States Code." for "section 1105 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005."

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–375 added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "the Office of Personnel Management has determined that there exists a severe shortage of candidates or there is a critical hiring need."

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–296 added par. (3).

**1999**—Subsec. (f)(2), (3). Pub. L. 106–117, §511(c)(2), (3), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 106–117, §511(c)(1), (2), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "The Office of Personnel Management shall establish an appointing authority to appoint such preference eligibles and veterans."

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 106–117, §511(c)(4), added par. (5).

**1998**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–339 added subsec. (f).

**1996**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1995**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–65, §16(a), (b), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding a contrary provision of this title or of the rules and regulations prescribed under this title for the administration of the competitive service, an individual who served—

"(1) for at least 3 years in the legislative branch in a position in which he was paid by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives; or

"(2) for at least 4 years as a secretary or law clerk, or both, to a justice or judge of the United States;

acquires a competitive status for transfer to the competitive service if he is involuntarily separated without prejudice from the legislative or judicial branch, passes a suitable noncompetitive examination, and transfers to the competitive service within 1 year of the separation from the legislative or judicial branch. For the purpose of this subsection, an individual who has served for at least 2 years in a position in the legislative branch described by paragraph (1) of this subsection and who is separated from that position to enter the armed forces is deemed to have held that position during his service in the armed forces."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–65, §17(a), which directed amendment of this section by adding subsec. (d) at the end thereof, was executed by adding subsec. (d) after subsec. (c) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 104–65, §16(b), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

**1986**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 99–586 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "the Office of Personnel Management" for "a Civil Service Commission board of examiners".

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 106–117, title V, §511(d)(2), Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1576, provided that: "If pursuant to subsection (a) [113 Stat. 1575] the amendments specified in subsection (c) [amending this section] are made, those amendments shall take effect as of October 31, 1998, as if included in subsection (f) of section 3304 of title 5, United States Code, as enacted by section 2 of the Veterans Employment Opportunities Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–339; 112 Stat. 3182)."

Pub. L. 104–65, §16(c), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 703, provided that: "The repeal and amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1995]."

Pub. L. 104–65, §17(b), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 703, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 19, 1995], except the Office of Personnel Management shall—

"(1) conduct a study on excepted service considerations for competitive service appointments relating to such amendment; and

"(2) take all necessary actions for the regulations described under such amendment to take effect as final regulations on the effective date of this section."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1139, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2470, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall permit an agency with delegated examining authority under 1104(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, to use direct-hire authority under section 3304(a)(3) of such title for a permanent or non-permanent position or group of positions in the competitive services at GS–15 (or equivalent) and below, or for prevailing rate employees, if the Director determines that there is either a severe shortage of candidates or a critical hiring need for such positions."

(a) An individual serving in a position in the competitive service under an indefinite appointment or a temporary appointment pending establishment of a register (other than an individual serving under an overseas limited appointment, or in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108) acquires competitive status and is entitled to have his appointment converted to a career appointment, without condition, when—

(1) he completes, without break in service of more than 30 days, a total of at least 3 years of service in such a position;

(2) he passes a suitable noncompetitive examination;

(3) the appointing authority (A) recommends to the Office of Personnel Management that the appointment of the individual be converted to a career appointment and (B) certifies to the Office that the work performance of the individual for the past 12 months has been satisfactory; and

(4) he meets Office qualification requirements for the position and is otherwise eligible for career appointment.

(b) The employing agency shall terminate the appointment of an individual serving in a position in the competitive service under an indefinite or temporary appointment described in subsection (a) of this section, not later than 90 days after he has completed the 3-year period referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section, if, prior to the close of such 90-day period, such individual has not met the requirements and conditions of subparagraphs (2) to (4), inclusive, of subsection (a) of this section.

(c) In computing years of service under subsection (a)(1) of this section for an individual who leaves a position in the competitive service to enter the armed forces and is reemployed in such a position within 120 days after separation under honorable conditions, the period from the date he leaves his position to the date he is reemployed is included.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 90–105, §1(a), Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 273; amended Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(6), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(B)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441.)

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509, which directed the substitution of "in a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108)" for "in GS–16, 17, or 18)", was executed by making the substitution for "in GS–16, GS–17, or GS–18)", as the probable intent of Congress.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–375 struck out ", in the postal field service," after "limited appointment" in introductory parenthetical text.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Pub. L. 90–105, §4, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 274, provided that:

"(a) This section and section 3 of this Act [amending provisions set out as a note under section 3101 of this title] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 11, 1967].

"(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the first section and section 2 of this Act [enacting this section and section 3303 of former Title 39, The Postal Service] shall become effective on the one hundred and twentieth day following the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 11, 1967].

"(c) For the purpose of the application of section 3304a(b) of title 5, United States Code, as enacted by this Act, in the case of an individual who, prior to the effective date prescribed by subsection (b) of this section, shall have completed the 3-year period referred to in such section 3304a(b), such individual shall be deemed to have completed such 3-year period on such effective date."

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall hold examinations for the competitive service at least twice a year in each State and territory or possession of the United States where there are individuals to be examined.

(b) The Office shall hold an examination for a position to which an appointment has been made within the preceding 3 years, on the application of an individual who qualifies as a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(C)–(G) of this title. The examination shall be held during the quarter following the application.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(8), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), (15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 635 (last 24 words of 6th sentence). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §3 (last 24 words of 6th sentence), 22 Stat. 404. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 859. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §10, 58 Stat. 390. Jan. 19, 1948, ch. 1, §3, 62 Stat. 3. Dec. 27, 1950, ch. 1151, §2(b), 64 Stat. 1117. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends various sections [§§3305, 3309, 3318] of title 5, United States Code, to reflect the redesignation of paragraphs (3)(B) through (F) of section 2108 of title 5 as paragraphs (3)(C) through (G) by section 1(6) of this bill.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 419, related to apportionment of appointments in the departmental service in the District of Columbia among the States, territories, etc.

(a) Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) of this section appropriated funds may not be used to pay an employee who establishes a maximum-age requirement for entrance into the competitive service.

(b) The Secretary may, with the concurrence of such agent as the President may designate, determine and fix the maximum limit of age within which an original appointment to a position as an air traffic controller may be made.

(c) The Secretary of the Interior may determine and fix the minimum and maximum limits of age within which original appointments to the United States Park Police may be made.

(d) The head of any agency may determine and fix the minimum and maximum limits of age within which an original appointment may be made to a position as a law enforcement officer or firefighter, as defined by section 8331(20) and (21), respectively, of this title.

(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the head of an agency may determine and fix the maximum age limit for an original appointment to a position as a firefighter or law enforcement officer, as defined by section 8401(14) or (17), respectively, of this title.

(2)(A) In the case of the conversion of an agency function from performance by a contractor to performance by an employee of the agency, the head of the agency, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, may waive any maximum limit of age, determined or fixed for positions within such agency under paragraph (1), if necessary in order to promote the recruitment or appointment of experienced personnel.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) the term "agency" means the Department of Defense or a military department; and

(ii) the term "head of the agency" means—

(I) in the case of the Department of Defense, the Secretary of Defense; and

(II) in the case of a military department, the Secretary of such military department.

(f) The Secretary of Energy may determine and fix the maximum age limit for an original appointment to a position as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33).

(g) The Secretary of Homeland Security may determine and fix the maximum age limit for an original appointment to a position as a customs and border protection officer, as defined by section 8401(36).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 92–297, §2(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 93–350, §1, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §103(a)(1), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1744; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2254; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(c), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1107, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1614.)

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5 U.S.C. 638b (less proviso). | June 27, 1956, ch. 452, §302 (less proviso), 70 Stat. 355. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form. The word "officers" is omitted as included in "employees" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For definition of Secretary, referred to in subsec. (b), see section 2109 of this title.

**2011**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 112–81 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), the" for "The", and added par. (2).

**2007**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 110–161 added subsec. (g).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–261, §3154(a)(1), substituted "(d), (e), and (f)" for "and (d)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–261, §3154(a)(2), added subsec. (f).

**1988**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(a)(1)(A), substituted "may" for "may, with the concurrence of such agent as the President may designate,".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(a)(1)(B), added subsec. (e).

**1980**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–347 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–350, §1(1), inserted reference to subsec. (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–350, §1(2), added subsec. (d).

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–297 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(e), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2077, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(C)

"(i) to the extent that such service is subject to the Civil Service Retirement System, by applying section 8339(d) of title 5, United States Code, with respect to such service; and

"(ii) to the extent such service is subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System, by applying section 8415(d) [now 8415(e)] of title 5, United States Code, with respect to such service.

"(D)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(i)

"(I) to be treated in accordance with the amendments made by subsection (a) or (b) [amending sections 8331, 8334 to 8336, 8401, 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title], as applicable; or

"(II) to be treated as if subsections (a) and (b) had never been enacted.

"Failure to make a timely election under this paragraph shall be treated in the same way as an election made under subclause (I) on the last day allowable under clause (ii).

"(ii)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A) holds a position within U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and

"(B) is considered a law enforcement officer for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, by virtue of such position."

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §103(f), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1745, provided that: "This section, and the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8401 and 8704 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8334 of this title], shall be effective as of January 1, 1987."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–350, §7, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 356, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section [amending this section], and sections 2(b), 5, and 6 [amending sections 8331, 8336, and 8339 of this title], of this Act shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [July 12, 1974]. The amendments made by sections 2(a) and 3 [amending sections 8331 and 8334 of this title] of this Act shall become effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period which begins after December 31, 1974. The amendment made by section 4 of this Act [amending section 8335 of this title] shall become effective on January 1, 1978."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(d), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2077, provided that: "Any regulations necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8331, 8334 to 8336, 8401, 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title] shall be prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security."

Pub. L. 91–73, Sept. 26, 1969, 83 Stat. 116, which provided for age limits for appointments to the United States Park Police, was repealed by Pub. L. 92–297, §11, May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 145, effective at the end of the 89th day after May 16, 1972. The Secretary of the Interior may fix age limits for appointment under subsec. (c) of this section.

Ex. Ord. No. 11817, Nov. 5, 1974, 39 F.R. 39427, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 3307(d) of title 5 of the United States Code, as added by the first section of the Act of July 12, 1974 (Public Law 93–350; 88 Stat. 355), I hereby designate the Office of Personnel Management as the agency to concur with determinations made by agencies to fix the minimum and maximum limits of age within which an original appointment may be made to a position as a law enforcement officer or firefighter, as defined by section 8331(20) and (21), respectively, of title 5 of the United States Code. The designation made by this order shall be effective as of October 15, 1974.

The Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency may not prescribe a minimum educational requirement for an examination for the competitive service except when the Office decides that the duties of a scientific, technical, or professional position cannot be performed by an individual who does not have a prescribed minimum education. The Office shall make the reasons for its decision under this section a part of its public records.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 854 (less 1st 2 sentences). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §5 (less 1st 2 sentences), 58 Stat. 388. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form. The words "The Civil Service Commission or other examining agency" are added because these are the only agencies to which the prohibition could apply.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

A preference eligible who receives a passing grade in an examination for entrance into the competitive service is entitled to additional points above his earned rating, as follows—

(1) a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(C)–(G) of this title—10 points; and

(2) a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(A)–(B) of this title—5 points.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(8), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1102(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1922.)

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5 U.S.C. 852 (1st sentence). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §3 (less proviso), 58 Stat. 388. | |

Jan. 19, 1948, ch. 1, §2, 62 Stat. 3. | ||

Dec. 27, 1950, ch. 1151, §2(a), 64 Stat. 1117. | ||

July 14, 1952, ch. 728, §2, 66 Stat. 627. | ||

Aug. 14, 1953, ch. 485, §1(a) "Sec. 3 (1st sentence)", 67 Stat. 581. |


The word "competitive" is added before "service" for clarity. Application of this section to the excepted service in the executive branch and to the government of the District of Columbia, as provided in former section 858, is carried into section 3320.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1997**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "section 2108(3)(A)–(B)" for "section 2108(3)(A)".

**1967**—Cl. (1). Pub. L. 90–83 substituted "section 2108(3)(C)–(G)" for "section 2108(3)(B)–(F)." See Historical and Revision Notes under section 3305 of this title.

In examinations for positions of guards, elevator operators, messengers, and custodians in the competitive service (other than for positions of housekeeping aides in the Department of Veterans Affairs), competition is restricted to preference eligibles as long as preference eligibles are available.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 117–168, title IX, §905, Aug. 10, 2022, 136 Stat. 1811.)

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5 U.S.C. 852 (2d sentence). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §3 (proviso), 58 Stat. 388. Aug. 14, 1953, ch. 485, §1(a) "Sec. 3 (2d sentence)", 67 Stat. 581. |


The words "in the competitive service" are added for clarity. The reference to "examinations held prior to December 31, 1954, for positions of apprentices" is omitted as obsolete. Application of this section to the excepted service in the executive branch and to the government of the District of Columbia, as provided in former section 858, is carried into section 3320.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–168 inserted "(other than for positions of housekeeping aides in the Department of Veterans Affairs)" after "competitive service".

In examinations for the competitive service in which experience is an element of qualification, a preference eligible is entitled to credit—

(1) for service in the armed forces when his employment in a similar vocation to that for which examined was interrupted by the service; and

(2) for all experience material to the position for which examined, including experience gained in religious, civic, welfare, service, and organizational activities, regardless of whether he received pay therefor.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420.)

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5 U.S.C. 853. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §4, 58 Stat. 388. |


The words "for the competitive service" are added after "examinations" for clarity. Application of this section to the excepted service in the executive branch and to the government of the District of Columbia, as provided in former section 858, is carried into section 3320.

In paragraph (1), the words "service in the armed forces" are substituted for "in the military or naval service of the United States" on authority of the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §305(a), 61 Stat. 508. The word "actual" is omitted as surplusage.

In paragraph (2), the words "material to the position for which examined" are substituted for "valuable" for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) In determining qualifications of a preference eligible for examination for, appointment in, or reinstatement in the competitive service, the Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency shall waive—

(1) requirements as to age, height, and weight, unless the requirement is essential to the performance of the duties of the position; and

(2) physical requirements if, in the opinion of the Office or other examining agency, after considering the recommendation of an accredited physician, the preference eligible is physically able to perform efficiently the duties of the position.

(b) If an examining agency determines that, on the basis of evidence before it, a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(C) of this title who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more is not able to fulfill the physical requirements of the position, the examining agency shall notify the Office of the determination and, at the same time, the examining agency shall notify the preference eligible of the reasons for the determination and of the right to respond, within 15 days of the date of the notification, to the Office. The Office shall require a demonstration by the appointing authority that the notification was timely sent to the preference eligible's last known address and shall, before the selection of any other person for the position, make a final determination on the physical ability of the preference eligible to perform the duties of the position, taking into account any additional information provided in any such response. When the Office has completed its review of the proposed disqualification on the basis of physical disability, it shall send its findings to the appointing authority and the preference eligible. The appointing authority shall comply with the findings of the Office. The functions of the Office under this subsection may not be delegated.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(c), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1148, 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 854 (1st 2 sentences, less so much as relates to promotion, retention, and transfer). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §5 (1st 2 sentences, less so much as relates to promotion, retention, and transfer), 58 Stat. 388. |


The section is restated for clarity and conciseness. The words "for which examination is given" and "for which the examination is given" are omitted as surplusage. The application of this section to the excepted service in the executive branch and the government of the District of Columbia is preserved by section 3320.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The names of applicants who have qualified in examinations for the competitive service shall be entered on appropriate registers or lists of eligibles in the following order—

(1) for scientific and professional positions in GS–9 or higher, in the order of their ratings, including points added under section 3309 of this title; and

(2) for all other positions—

(A) disabled veterans who have a compensable service-connected disability of 10 percent or more, in order of their ratings, including points added under section 3309 of this title; and

(B) remaining applicants, in the order of their ratings, including points added under section 3309 of this title.

The names of preference eligibles shall be entered ahead of others having the same rating.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420.)

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5 U.S.C. 856. | June 27, 1944, 287, §7, 58 Stat. 389. Aug. 14, 1953, ch. 485, §1(b), 67 Stat. 581. |


The section is restated for clarity and conciseness. The words "for the competitive service" are added for clarity. Application of this section to the excepted service in the executive branch and to the government of the District of Columbia is carried into section 3320. The words "employment lists" are omitted as included in "appropriate registers or lists of eligibles".

In paragraph (1), the words "in GS–9 or higher" are substituted for "in grade 9 or higher of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" in view of the codification of the Act in this title, and, in specific sections 5104 and 5332.

In paragraph (2)(A), the term "disabled veterans" is substituted for "preference eligibles" in view of the definition of "disabled veteran" in section 2108(2).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A preference eligible who resigns, on request to the Office of Personnel Management, is entitled to have his name placed again on all registers for which he may have been qualified, in the order named by section 3313 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 865. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §16, 58 Stat. 391. |


The last 28 words of former section 865 relating to recertification and reappointments are omitted since under sections 3317 and 3318(a) certification and appointment follow from placing on registers.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) A preference eligible who has been separated or furloughed without delinquency or misconduct, on request, is entitled to have his name placed on appropriate registers and employment lists for every position for which his qualifications have been established, in the order named by section 3313 of this title. This subsection applies to registers and employment lists maintained by the Office of Personnel Management, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia.

(b) The Office may declare a preference eligible who has been separated or furloughed without pay under section 7512 of this title to be entitled to the benefits of subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), (15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 864 (1st sentence). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287 §15 (1st sentence), 58 Stat. 391. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 863 (2d proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §14 (2d proviso), 58 Stat. 391. |


In subsection (a), the term "Executive agency" is substituted for "any agency or project of the Federal Government" on authority of former section 869. The last 28 words of the 1st sentence of former section 864 relating to recertification and reappointment are omitted since under sections 3317 and 3318(a) certification and appointment follow from placing on registers.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Section, added Pub. L. 90–83 §1(9)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197, related to registration by Civil Service Commission of employees receiving compensation for injuries for certification for appointment to vacant positions.

On request of an appointing authority, a preference eligible who has resigned or who has been dismissed or furloughed may be certified for, and appointed to, a position for which he is eligible in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 421.)

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5 U.S.C. 862. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §13, 58 Stat. 390. |


The word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1).

The words "in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia" are substituted for "in the civil service, Federal, or District of Columbia, or in any establishment, agency, bureau, administration, project, or department, temporary or permanent" on authority of former section 869.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall certify enough names from the top of the appropriate register to permit a nominating or appointing authority who has requested a certificate of eligibles to consider at least three names for appointment to each vacancy in the competitive service.

(b) When an appointing authority, for reasons considered sufficient by the Office, has three times considered and passed over a preference eligible who was certified from a register, certification of the preference eligible for appointment may be discontinued. However, the preference eligible is entitled to advance notice of discontinuance of certification.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), (15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(a), (d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2002, 2005, provided that, effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, this section is repealed and a new section 3317 is enacted to read as follows:

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(c)

(d)

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5 U.S.C. 857 (1st sentence and 2d proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §8 (1st sentence and 2d proviso), 58 Stat. 389. |


In subsection (a), the word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1). The words "in the competitive service" have been added for clarity. Application of the section to the excepted service in the executive branch and to the government of the District of Columbia, as provided in former section 858, is carried into section 3320.

In subsection (b), the word "thereafter" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), amended subsec. (b) in same manner as amendment by Pub. L. 95–454. See 1978 Amendment note set out below.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 which purported to amend section 3317b of this title by substituting "Office" for "Commission" was executed to subsec. (b) of this section as the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The nominating or appointing authority shall select for appointment to each vacancy from the highest three eligibles available for appointment on the certificate furnished under section 3317(a) of this title, unless objection to one or more of the individuals certified is made to, and sustained by, the Office of Personnel Management for proper and adequate reason under regulations prescribed by the Office.

(b)

(1)

(A) in the same occupational series as the position for which the certification of eligibles was issued (in this subsection referred to as the "original position"); and

(B) at a similar grade level as the original position.

(2)

(3)

(A) shall be made in accordance with subsection (a); and

(B) subject to paragraph (4), may be made without any additional posting under section 3327.

(4)

(A) provide notice of the available position to employees of the other appointing authority;

(B) provide up to 10 business days for employees of the other appointing authority to apply for the position; and

(C) review the qualifications of employees submitting an application.

(5)

(c)(1) If an appointing authority proposes to pass over a preference eligible on a certificate in order to select an individual who is not a preference eligible, such authority shall file written reasons with the Office for passing over the preference eligible. The Office shall make the reasons presented by the appointing authority part of the record of the preference eligible and may require the submission of more detailed information from the appointing authority in support of the passing over of the preference eligible. The Office shall determine the sufficiency or insufficiency of the reasons submitted by the appointing authority, taking into account any response received from the preference eligible under paragraph (2) of this subsection. When the Office has completed its review of the proposed passover, it shall send its findings to the appointing authority and to the preference eligible. The appointing authority shall comply with the findings of the Office.

(2) In the case of a preference eligible described in section 2108(3)(C) of this title who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more, the appointing authority shall at the same time it notifies the Office under paragraph (1) of this subsection, notify the preference eligible of the proposed passover, of the reasons therefor, and of his right to respond to such reasons to the Office within 15 days of the date of such notification. The Office shall, before completing its review under paragraph (1) of this subsection, require a demonstration by the appointing authority that the passover notification was timely sent to the preference eligible's last known address.

(3) A preference eligible not described in paragraph (2) of this subsection, or his representative, shall be entitled, on request, to a copy of—

(A) the reasons submitted by the appointing authority in support of the proposed passover, and

(B) the findings of the Office.

(4) In the case of a preference eligible described in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the functions of the Office under this subsection may not be delegated.

(d) When three or more names of preference eligibles are on a reemployment list appropriate for the position to be filled, a nominating or appointing authority may appoint from a register of eligibles established after examination only an individual who qualifies as a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(C)–(G) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 421; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(8), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(d), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1148, 1224; Pub. L. 114–137, §2(a), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 310.)

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(a), (d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2003, 2005, provided that, effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, this section is repealed and a new section 3318 is enacted to read as follows:

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) in the same occupational series as the position for which the certification of eligibles was issued (in this subsection referred to as the "original position"); and

(B) at a similar grade level as the original position.

(2)

(3)

(A) shall be made in accordance with subsection (a); and

(B) subject to paragraph (4), may be made without any additional posting under section 3327.

(4)

(A) provide notice of the available position to employees of the other appointing authority;

(B) provide up to 10 business days for employees of the other appointing authority to apply for the position; and

(C) review the qualifications of employees submitting an application.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(d)[sic]

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 633(2)2. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §2(2)2, 22 Stat. 404. |

5 U.S.C. 857 (less 1st sentence, 2d proviso, and last sentence). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §8 (less 1st sentence, 2d proviso, and last sentence), 58 Stat. 389. Aug. 14, 1953, ch. 485, §2, 67 Stat. 582. |
|

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 864 (less 1st sentence). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §15 (less 1st sentence), 58 Stat. 391. |


The word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1).

In subsection (a), the provisions of former section 633(2)2 are merged in the requirement of former section 857, since the certificate must be of the three highest on the register and the nominating or appointing employee may select one of the three.

In subsection (c), the prohibition in former section 864 is restated in positive form. The words "an individual who qualifies as a preference eligible under section 2108(3)(B)–(F)" are substituted for "ten-point preference eligibles".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2016**—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 114–137 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(d), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted provisions respecting authority of the Office with respect to the selection procedures applicable, for provisions respecting authority of the Commission with respect to the selection procedures applicable, and added pars. (2) to (4).

**1967**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–83 substituted "section 2108(3)(C)–(G)" for "section 2108(3)(B)–(F)." See Historical and Revision Notes under section 3305 of this title.

Repeal and reenactment of section effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, see section 1107(d) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note under section 3317 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–137, §2(d), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 312, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2016], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue an interim final rule with comment to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 3319 and 9510 of this title]."

(a) The Office, in exercising its authority under section 3304, or an agency to which the Office has delegated examining authority under section 1104(a)(2), may establish category rating systems for evaluating applicants for positions in the competitive service, under 2 or more quality categories based on merit consistent with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, rather than assigned individual numerical ratings.

(b) Within each quality category established under subsection (a), preference-eligibles shall be listed ahead of individuals who are not preference eligibles. For other than scientific and professional positions at GS–9 of the General Schedule (equivalent or higher), qualified preference-eligibles who have a compensable service-connected disability of 10 percent or more shall be listed in the highest quality category.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) in the same occupational series as the position for which the certification of eligibles was issued (in this subsection referred to as the "original position"); and

(B) at a similar grade level as the original position.

(3)

(4)

(A) shall be made in accordance with this subsection; and

(B) subject to paragraph (5), may be made without any additional posting under section 3327.

(5)

(A) provide notice of the available position to employees of the appointing authority employing the other appointing official;

(B) provide up to 10 business days for employees of the other appointing authority to apply for the position; and

(C) review the qualifications of employees submitting an application.

(6)

(7) 1 3317(b) and 1 3318(c), as applicable, are satisfied.

(d) Each agency that establishes a category rating system under this section shall submit in each of the 3 years following that establishment, a report to Congress on that system including information on—

(1) the number of employees hired under that system;

(2) the impact that system has had on the hiring of veterans and minorities, including those who are American Indian or Alaska Natives, Asian, Black or African American, and native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders; and

(3) the way in which managers were trained in the administration of that system.

(e) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1312(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2290; amended Pub. L. 114–137, §2(b), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 311; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(b)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005.)

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(b)(1), (d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005, provided that, effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, this section is amended—

(1) by amending the section heading to read as follows: "§3319. Competitive service; selection using category rating"; and

(2) in subsection (c), by striking paragraph (6), redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (6), and amending paragraph (6) (as so redesignated) to read as follows:

*(6) **Preference eligibles.—*

*(A) **Satisfaction of certain requirements**.—Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an appointing official may not pass over a preference eligible in the same category from which selection is made, unless the requirements of sections 3317(b) and 3318(c), as applicable, are satisfied.*

*(B) **Further consideration not required**.—When a preference eligible, for reasons considered sufficient by the Director, or in the case of a preference eligible described in section 3318(c)(1), by the head of an agency, has been passed over in accordance with section 3318(c) for the same position, the appointing authority is not required to give further consideration to that preference eligible while selecting from the same list for a subsequent appointment to such position.*

*(C) **List of eligibles issued from a standing register; discontinuation of certification**.—In the case of lists of eligibles issued from a standing register, when an appointing authority, for reasons considered sufficient by the Director or the head of an agency, has three times considered and passed over a preference eligible who was certified from a register, certification of the preference eligible for appointment may be discontinued. However, the preference eligible is entitled to advance notice of discontinuance of certification in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Director.*

See 2018 Amendment notes below.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 3319, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 421, related to prohibitions on employment of members of same family in the competitive service, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(h)(1), title IX, §907, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149, 1227, effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232, §1107(b)(1)(A), substituted "Competitive service; selection using category rating" for "Alternative ranking and selection procedures" in section catchline.

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 115–232, §1107(b)(1)(B), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), an appointing official may not pass over a preference eligible in the same category from which selection is made, unless the requirements of section 3317(b) and 3318(c), as applicable, are satisfied."

Pub. L. 115–232, §1107(b)(1)(B), struck out par. (6). Text read as follows: "Nothing in this subsection limits any collective bargaining obligation of an agency under chapter 71."

Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 115–232, §1107(b)(1)(B), redesignated par. (7) as (6).

**2016**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–137 added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(1) An appointing official may select any applicant in the highest quality category or, if fewer than 3 candidates have been assigned to the highest quality category, in a merged category consisting of the highest and the second highest quality categories.

"(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the appointing official may not pass over a preference-eligible in the same category from which selection is made, unless the requirements of section 3317(b) or 3318(b), as applicable, are satisfied."

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, see section 1107(d) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note under section 3317 of this title.

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

The nominating or appointing authority shall select for appointment to each vacancy in the excepted service in the executive branch and in the government of the District of Columbia from the qualified applicants in the same manner and under the same conditions required for the competitive service by sections 3308–3318 of this title. This section does not apply to an appointment required by Congress to be confirmed by, or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(b)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005.)

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1107(b)(2), (d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2005, provided that, effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, this section is amended by striking "sections 3308–3318" and inserting "sections 3308 through 3319". See 2018 Amendment note below.

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 858. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §9, 58 Stat. 389. | |

5 U.S.C. 869. | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §20, 58 Stat. 391. |


Former sections 858 and 869 are combined and restated for clarity and to conform to section 3318(a). The word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1). The words "shall select for appointment to each vacancy in the expected service in the executive branch and in the government of the District of Columbia from the qualified applicants in the same manner and under the same conditions required for the competitive service by sections 3308–3318 of this title" are substituted for "In the unclassified Federal, and District of Columbia, civil service, and in all other positions and employment hereinbefore referred to in (c) of section 851 of this title . . . shall make selection from the qualified applicants in accordance with the provisions of this chapter". The reference to the excepted service "in the executive branch" is substituted for the exception of the legislative and judicial branches in former section 869. Former section 869 did not prohibit the application of those provisions of the Act of June 27, 1944, which relate to the competitive service in the legislative or judicial branch by reason of the specific provisions of section 311 of the Act of June 10, 1921, as amended (31 U.S.C. 52); 28 U.S.C. 602; and Executive Order No. 67 of June 13, 1895. The reference to appointments of postmasters is omitted from this section since those referred to are in the competitive service. The application of former section 869 to the remainder of the Act of June 27, 1944, is covered by the sections into which the remainder is carried (see Table I).

This section merely continues, and does not in any way change, the requirements in former section 858 relative to the selection of applicants for positions in the excepted service. Under this section, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies having positions in the excepted service will continue to fill those positions in the same manner that they have been filled under former section 858. Such excepted appointments are appointments authorized to be made without regard to the statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the competitive service and this is not changed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "sections 3308 through 3319" for "sections 3308–3318".

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective on the date on which the Director of the Office of Personnel Management issues final regulations for implementation, with such regulations due not later than one year after Aug. 13, 2018, see section 1107(d) of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as an Effective Date of Repeal note under section 3317 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §734, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 823, authorized the United States Civil Service Commission to advise and assist the District of Columbia Mayor and Council in the further development of the merit system or systems required by the District of Columbia charter, which was approved on May 7, 1974, and authorized the Commission to enter into agreements with the District government to make available its registers of eligibles as a recruiting source to fill District positions as needed, with the costs of any specific services furnished by the Civil Service Commission to be compensated for under the provisions of section 685a of former Title 31, Money and Finance [31 U.S.C. 1537].

(a) The President may take such action, including the issuance of rules, regulations, and directives, as shall provide as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant for a period of probation—

(1) before an appointment in the competitive service becomes final; and

(2) before initial appointment as a supervisor or manager becomes final.

(b) An individual—

(1) who has been transferred, assigned, or promoted from a position to a supervisory or managerial position, and

(2) who does not satisfactorily complete the probationary period under subsection (a)(2) of this section,

shall be returned to a position of no lower grade and pay than the position from which the individual was transferred, assigned, or promoted. Nothing in this section prohibits an agency from taking an action against an individual serving a probationary period under subsection (a)(2) of this section for cause unrelated to supervisory or managerial performance.

(c) Subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall not apply with respect to appointments in the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §303(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(d), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1105(c)(1), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2)(A), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1950.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 633(2)4. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27. §2(2)4, 22 Stat. 404. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is added on authority of former section 633(1), which is carried into section 3302. Wording is changed because in practice an appointment is not made after probation. The words "or employment" are omitted as included within "appointment".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2021**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out ", or any individual covered by section 1599e of title 10" before period at end.

**2015**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–92 inserted ", or any individual covered by section 1599e of title 10" before period at end.

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "probationary period" for "probation; period of" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted provisions authorizing the President to take necessary action, for provisions authorizing the President to prescribe rules, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applied as if effective Dec. 31, 2022, to correspond to the effective date of the repeal of section 1599e of Title 10, Armed Forces, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective Date of Repeal note under section 1599e of Title 10.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) With respect to any employee occupying a position in the competitive service or the excepted service who is the subject of a personnel investigation and resigns from Government employment prior to the resolution of such investigation, the head of the agency from which such employee so resigns shall, if an adverse finding was made with respect to such employee pursuant to such investigation, make a permanent notation in the employee's official personnel record file. The head shall make such notation not later than 40 days after the date of the resolution of such investigation.

(b) Prior to making a permanent notation in an employee's official personnel record file under subsection (a), the head of the agency shall—

(1) notify the employee in writing within 5 days of the resolution of the investigation and provide such employee a copy of the adverse finding and any supporting documentation;

(2) provide the employee with a reasonable time, but not less than 30 days, to respond in writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence to show why the adverse finding was unfounded (a summary of which shall be included in any notation made to the employee's personnel file under subsection (d)); and

(3) provide a written decision and the specific reasons therefore to the employee at the earliest practicable date.

(c) An employee is entitled to appeal the decision of the head of the agency to make a permanent notation under subsection (a) to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701.

(d)(1) If an employee files an appeal with the Merit Systems Protection Board pursuant to subsection (c), the agency head shall make a notation in the employee's official personnel record file indicating that an appeal disputing the notation is pending not later than 2 weeks after the date on which such appeal was filed.

(2) If the head of the agency is the prevailing party on appeal, not later than 2 weeks after the date that the Board issues the appeal decision, the head of the agency shall remove the notation made under paragraph (1) from the employee's official personnel record file.

(3) If the employee is the prevailing party on appeal, not later than 2 weeks after the date that the Board issues the appeal decision, the head of the agency shall remove the notation made under paragraph (1) and the notation of an adverse finding made under subsection (a) from the employee's official personnel record file.

(e) In this section, the term "personnel investigation" includes—

(1) an investigation by an Inspector General; and

(2) an adverse personnel action as a result of performance, misconduct, or for such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service under chapter 43 or chapter 75.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1140(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2470.)

A prior section 3322, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 422, related to temporary appointments after age 70 in the competitive service, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–256, §5(b)(1), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191, effective Sept. 30, 1978.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1140(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2471, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply to any employee described in section 3322 of title 5, United States Code, (as added by such subsection) who leaves the service after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016]."

(a) An individual who reaches the retirement age prescribed for automatic separation applicable to him may not be continued in the civil service or in the government of the District of Columbia. An individual separated on account of age under a statute or regulation providing for retirement on account of age is not eligible for appointment in the civil service or in the government of the District of Columbia. The President, when in his judgment the public interest so requires, may except an individual from this subsection by Executive order. This subsection does not apply to an individual named by a statute providing for the continuance of the individual in the civil service or in the government of the District of Columbia.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding other statutes, an annuitant, as defined by section 8331 or 8401, receiving annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund is not barred by reason of his retired status from employment in an appointive position for which the annuitant is qualified. An annuitant so reemployed, other than an annuitant reappointed under paragraph (2) of this subsection, serves at the will of the appointing authority.

(2) Subject to such regulations as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, any annuitant to whom the first sentence of paragraph (1) of this subsection applies and who has served as an administrative law judge pursuant to an appointment under section 3105 of this title may be reappointed an administrative law judge under such section for a specified period or for such period as may be necessary for such administrative law judge to conduct and complete the hearing and disposition of one or more specified cases. The provisions of this title that apply to or with respect to administrative law judges appointed under section 3105 of this title shall apply to or with respect to administrative law judges reappointed under such section pursuant to the first sentence of this paragraph.

(c) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, a member of the Foreign Service retired under section 812 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 is not barred by reason of his retired status from employment in a position in the civil service for which he is qualified. An annuitant so reemployed serves at the will of the appointing authority.

(d) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the Chief of Engineers of the Army, under section 569a of title 33, may employ a retired employee whose expert assistance is needed in connection with river and harbor or flood control works. There shall be deducted from the pay of an employee so reemployed an amount equal to the annuity or retired pay allocable to the period of actual employment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167; Pub. L. 98–224, §2, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 47; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(10), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 715a. | June 30, 1932, ch. 314, §204, 47 Stat. 404. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2263(a). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 13(a)", 70 Stat. 757. |

(c) | 22 U.S.C. 915(c). | Sept. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–723, §10(d), 74 Stat. 832. |

(d) | 33 U.S.C. 544a, 701l. |
June 20, 1938, ch. 535, §5, 52 Stat. 805. |


In subsection (a), the words "On and after July 1, 1932" are omitted as executed. The words "heretofore or hereafter" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "in the civil service" are substituted for "civilian service in any branch or service of the United States Government" and "to any appointive office, position, or employment under the United States" in view of the definition of "civil service" in section 2101.

In subsection (b), the words "receiving annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund" are substituted for "heretofore or hereafter retired under this chapter". The word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1).

In subsection (c), the words "Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 62 and 715a of title 5" to reflect the codification of former section 715a in subsection (a) of this section and in view of the repeal of section 62 of title 5 by §402(a)(7) of the Act of Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, 78 Stat. 492. The words "heretofore or hereafter" and "hereafter" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "in a position in the civil service" are substituted for "in Federal Government service in any appointive position" in view of the definition of "civil service" in section 2101. The word "authority" is substituted for "officer" in recognition of the several appointing authorities named in section 2105(a)(1).

In subsection (d), the words "Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "The provisions of section 715a of title 5 shall not be so construed as to prevent" to reflect the codification of former section 715a in subsection (a) of this section, and to conform to the style of this section. The words "under section 569a of title 33" are substituted for "under agreement as authorized by sections 569a, 584a and 607a of title 33" on authority of the provision contained in section 569a of title 33. The word "employee" is coextensive with and substituted for "civilian employee" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The last sentence is restated for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 812 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 4052 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "annuitant, as defined by section 8331 or 8401," for "annuitant as defined by section 8331 of this title".

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–224 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "the annuitant" for "he" and inserted ", other than an annuitant reappointed under paragraph (2) of this subsection,", and added par. (2).

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "member of the Foreign Service retired under section 812 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "Foreign Service officer retired under section 1001 or 1002 of title 22 or a Foreign Service staff officer or employee retired under section 1063 of title 22".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a) An appointment to a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 may be made only on approval of the qualifications of the proposed appointee by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of qualification standards developed by the agency involved in accordance with criteria specified in regulations prescribed by the Director. This section does not apply to a position—

(1) to which appointment is made by the Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court;

(2) to which appointment is made by the President;

(3) to which appointment is made by the Librarian of Congress; or

(4) the incumbent of which is paid from—

(A) appropriations for the Executive Office of the President under the heading "The White House Office", "Special Projects", "Council of Economic Advisers", or "National Security Council"; or

(B) funds appropriated to the President under the heading "Emergency Fund for the President" by the Treasury, Post Office, and Executive Office Appropriation Act, 1966, or a later statute making appropriations for the same purpose.

(b) The Office may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 422; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(10), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(17), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(C)(i), (ii)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(11), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(2), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1105(i). | June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §10 "(i)", 72 Stat. 213. Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–768, 74 Stat. 910. |


In subsection (a), the words "in GS–16, 17, and 18" are substituted for "in grades 16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule".

In subsection (a)(2), the words "by the President" are coextensive with and substituted for "by the President alone or by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate".

In subsection (a)(4)(A), the words "Office of Emergency Planning" are substituted for "Office of Defense Mobilization" on authority of 1958 Reorg. Plan No. 1, §2(a), effective July 1, 1958, 72 Stat. 1799, as amended Aug. 26, 1958, Pub. L. 85–763, 72 Stat. 861, and Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87–296, 75 Stat. 630. Reference to "President's Advisory Committee on Government Organization" is omitted since the Committee was abolished by Executive Order No. 10917, February 10, 1961.

In subsection (a)(4)(B), the words " 'Emergency Fund for the President' by the Treasury, Post Office, and Executive Office Appropriation Act, 1966" are substituted for " 'Emergency Fund for the President, National Defense' by the General Government Matters Appropriation Act, 1959" to reflect the heading and title of the current appropriation Act.

Subsection (b) is added on authority of former sections 1072 and 1072a, which are carried into section 5115.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 3324(a)(4)(A) to correct typographical errors.

The Treasury, Post Office, and Executive Office Appropriation Act, 1966, referred to in subsec. (a)(4)(B), is Pub. L. 89–57, June 30, 1965, 79 Stat. 196. For classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–372 substituted "the Director of the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of qualification standards developed by the agency involved in accordance with criteria specified in regulations prescribed by the Director" for "the Office of Personnel Management" in introductory provisions.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(11)(A), substituted "GS–15" for "GA–15" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(11)(B), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "provided for in section 5108(c)(2) of this title;".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(C)(ii)], which directed that "to positions classified above GA–15" be substituted for "at GS–16, 17, or 18" in section catchline, was executed by making the substitution for "at GS–16, 17, and 18", as the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(C)(i)], substituted "classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108" for "in GS–16, 17, or 18".

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out reference to Office of Emergency Planning.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–372 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the 180th day following Oct. 8, 2008, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as a note under section 5376 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective May 4, 1991, see section 9(b)(4) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

(a) Positions established under section 3104 of this title are in the competitive service. However, appointments to the positions are made without competitive examination on approval of the qualifications of the proposed appointee by the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of standards developed by the agency involved in accordance with criteria specified in regulations prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

(b) This section does not apply to positions established under section 3104(c).

(c) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(12), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(3), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1162(a). | Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202 "Sec. 2(a)", 75 Stat. 790. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1161(g) (2d sentence). | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1001(a)(2) "(g) (2d sentence)", 76 Stat. 863. |


In subsection (a), the words "or its designee" are substituted for "or such officers or agents as the Commission may designate".

For repeal of the Act of Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, 61 Stat. 715, as amended, see revision note for section 3104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(3)(A), substituted "on the basis of standards developed by the agency involved in accordance with criteria specified in regulations prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management" for "or its designee for this purpose".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(3)(B), added subsec. (c).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "section 3104(c)" for "section 3104(a)(7) of this title".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–372 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the 180th day following Oct. 8, 2008, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as a note under section 5376 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "member" and "Secretary concerned" have the meanings given them by section 101 of title 37.

(b) A retired member of the armed forces may be appointed to a position in the civil service in or under the Department of Defense (including a nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the armed forces) during the period of 180 days immediately after his retirement only if—

(1) the proposed appointment is authorized by the Secretary concerned or his designee for the purpose, and, if the position is in the competitive service, after approval by the Office of Personnel Management; or

(2) the minimum rate of basic pay for the position has been increased under section 5305 of this title.

(c) A request by appropriate authority for the authorization, or the authorization and approval, as the case may be, required by subsection (b)(1) of this section shall be accompanied by a statement which shows the actions taken to assure that—

(1) full consideration, in accordance with placement and promotion procedures of the department concerned, was given to eligible career employees;

(2) when selection is by other than certification from an established civil service register, the vacancy has been publicized to give interested candidates an opportunity to apply;

(3) qualification requirements for the position have not been written in a manner designed to give advantage to the retired member; and

(4) the position has not been held open pending the retirement of the retired member.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 423; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1111, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2450.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 3101 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 3103). | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §101 (as applicable to §204), 78 Stat. 484. |

(b), (c) | 5 U.S.C. 3103. | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §204, 78 Stat. 487. |


In subsection (a), the definition of "armed forces" is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition in section 2101.

In subsection (b), the words "position in the civil service" are substituted for "civilian office" in view of the definition of "civil service" in section 2101. The words "(including a nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the armed forces)" are added on authority of former section 3101(3).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2016**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–328 struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "a state of national emergency exists."

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "5305" for "5303".

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1661, provided that: "Section 3326 of title 5, United States Code, shall not be in effect for the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] and ending two years after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide that information concerning opportunities to participate in competitive examinations conducted by, or under authority delegated by, the Office of Personnel Management shall be made available to the employment offices of the United States Employment Service.

(b) Subject to such regulations as the Office may issue, each agency shall promptly notify the Office and the employment offices of the United States Employment Service of—

(1) each vacant position in the agency which is in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service and for which the agency seeks applications from persons outside the Federal service, and

(2) the period during which applications will be accepted.

As used in this subsection, "agency" means an agency as defined in section 5102(a)(1) of this title other than an agency all the positions in which are excepted by statute from the competitive service.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §309(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1151.)

A prior section 3327, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 424, which prescribed standards for determination of qualifications of postmasters, including experience in postal field service, seniority, length of service, level of difficulty and responsibility of work, attendance, awards and commendations, and performance rating, was repealed by Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(7)(A), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776. See section 1001 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An individual—

(1) who was born after December 31, 1959, and is or was required to register under section 3 of the Military Selective Service Act (50 U.S.C. App. 453); 1 and

(2) who is not so registered or knowingly and willfully did not so register before the requirement terminated or became inapplicable to the individual,

shall be ineligible for appointment to a position in an Executive agency.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Director of the Selective Service System, shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. Such regulations shall include provisions prescribing procedures for the adjudication of determinations of whether a failure to register was knowing and willful. Such procedures shall require that such a determination may not be made if the individual concerned shows by a preponderance of the evidence that the failure to register was neither knowing nor willful. Such procedures may provide that determinations of eligibility under the requirements of this section shall be adjudicated by the Executive agency making the appointment for which the eligibility is determined.

(Added Pub. L. 99–145, title XVI, §1622(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 777; amended Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1249, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1167.)

Section 3 of the Military Selective Service Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), was classified to section 453 of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as section 3802 of Title 50.

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–180 struck out "within the Office" after "for the adjudication" in second sentence and inserted at end "Such procedures may provide that determinations of eligibility under the requirements of this section shall be adjudicated by the Executive agency making the appointment for which the eligibility is determined."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) For the purpose of this section, the term "military reserve technician" has the meaning given the term "military technician (dual status)" by section 8401(30).

(b) The Secretary of Defense shall take such steps as may be necessary to ensure that, except as provided in subsection (d), any military reserve technician who is involuntarily separated from technician service, after completing at least 15 years of such service and 20 years of service creditable under section 12732 of title 10, by reason of ceasing to satisfy the condition described in section 8401(30)(B) 1 shall, if appropriate written application is submitted within 1 year after the date of separation, be provided placement consideration in a position described in subsection (c) through a priority placement program of the Department of Defense.

(c)(1) The position for which placement consideration shall be provided to a former military technician under subsection (b) shall be a position—

(A) in either the competitive service or the excepted service;

(B) within the Department of Defense; and

(C) in which the person is qualified to serve, taking into consideration whether the employee in that position is required to be a member of a reserve component of the armed forces as a condition of employment.

(2) To the maximum extent practicable, the position shall also be in a pay grade or other pay classification sufficient to ensure that the rate of basic pay of the former military technician, upon appointment to the position, is not less than the rate of basic pay last received by the former military technician for technician service before separation.

(d) This section shall not apply in the case of—

(1) an involuntary separation for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency; or

(2) a technician who, as of the date of application under this section, is eligible for immediate (including for disability) or early retirement under subchapter III of chapter 83 or under chapter 84.

(e) The Secretary of Defense shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title V, §544(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2415; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1037(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1103, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293.)

Section 8401(30) of this title, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was amended generally by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597, and, as so amended, no longer contains a subpar. (B).

Another section 3329 was renumbered section 3330 of this title.

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(1)(A)], substituted "the term 'military technician (dual status)' " for "such term".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(1)(B)], substituted "section 12732 of title 10" for "section 1332 of title 10".

**1997**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–85 struck out "a position described in subsection (c) not later than 6 months after the date of the application" after "program of the Department of Defense".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106, §1037(a)(1), substituted "be provided placement consideration in a position described in subsection (c) through a priority placement program of the Department of Defense" for "be offered".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–106, §1037(a)(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "The position to be offered shall be a position—

"(1) in the competitive service;

"(2) within the Department of Defense;

"(3) for which the individual is qualified; and

"(4) the rate of basic pay for which is not less than the rate last received for technician service before separation."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) For the purpose of this section, the term "agency" means an Executive agency, excluding the Government Accountability Office and any agency (or unit thereof) whose principal function is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities, as determined by the President.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall establish and keep current a comprehensive list of all announcements of vacant positions in the competitive service within each agency that are to be filled by appointment for more than one year and for which applications are being (or will soon be) accepted from outside the agency's work force.

(c) Included for any position listed shall be—

(1) a brief description of the position, including its title, tenure, location, and rate of pay;

(2) application procedures, including the period within which applications may be submitted and procedures for obtaining additional information; and

(3) any other information which the Office considers appropriate.

(d) The list shall be available to members of the public.

(e) The Office shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section. Any requirement under this section that agencies notify the Office as to the availability of any vacant positions shall be designed so as to avoid any duplication of information otherwise required to be furnished under section 3327 of this title or any other provision of law.

(f) The Office may, to the extent it determines appropriate, charge such fees to agencies for services provided under this section and for related Federal employment information. The Office shall retain such fees to pay the costs of providing such services and information.

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4431(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2719, §3329; renumbered §3330 and amended Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §4(1), Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1037(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–106, which directed renumbering of the section 3329 of this title that was added by Pub. L. 102–484, §4431, as section 3330 of this title, could not be executed because of the intervening renumbering of that section by Pub. L. 104–52, §4(1)(A). See 1995 Amendment note below.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–52, §4(1)(A), renumbered section 3329 of this title, relating to government-wide list of vacant positions, as this section.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–52, §4(1)(B), added subsec. (f).

(a)(1)(A) A preference eligible who alleges that an agency has violated such individual's rights under any statute or regulation relating to veterans' preference may file a complaint with the Secretary of Labor.

(B) A veteran described in section 3304(f)(1) who alleges that an agency has violated such section with respect to such veteran may file a complaint with the Secretary of Labor.

(2)(A) A complaint under this subsection must be filed within 60 days after the date of the alleged violation.

(B) Such complaint shall be in writing, be in such form as the Secretary may prescribe, specify the agency against which the complaint is filed, and contain a summary of the allegations that form the basis for the complaint.

(3) The Secretary shall, upon request, provide technical assistance to a potential complainant with respect to a complaint under this subsection.

(b)(1) The Secretary of Labor shall investigate each complaint under subsection (a).

(2) In carrying out any investigation under this subsection, the Secretary's duly authorized representatives shall, at all reasonable times, have reasonable access to, for purposes of examination, and the right to copy and receive, any documents of any person or agency that the Secretary considers relevant to the investigation.

(3) In carrying out any investigation under this subsection, the Secretary may require by subpoena the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documents relating to any matter under investigation. In case of disobedience of the subpoena or contumacy and on request of the Secretary, the Attorney General may apply to any district court of the United States in whose jurisdiction such disobedience or contumacy occurs for an order enforcing the subpoena.

(4) Upon application, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue writs commanding any person or agency to comply with the subpoena of the Secretary or to comply with any order of the Secretary made pursuant to a lawful investigation under this subsection and the district courts shall have jurisdiction to punish failure to obey a subpoena or other lawful order of the Secretary as a contempt of court.

(c)(1)(A) If the Secretary of Labor determines as a result of an investigation under subsection (b) that the action alleged in a complaint under subsection (a) occurred, the Secretary shall attempt to resolve the complaint by making reasonable efforts to ensure that the agency specified in the complaint complies with applicable provisions of statute or regulation relating to veterans' preference.

(B) The Secretary of Labor shall make determinations referred to in subparagraph (A) based on a preponderance of the evidence.

(2) If the efforts of the Secretary under subsection (b) with respect to a complaint under subsection (a) do not result in the resolution of the complaint, the Secretary shall notify the person who submitted the complaint, in writing, of the results of the Secretary's investigation under subsection (b).

(d)(1) If the Secretary of Labor is unable to resolve a complaint under subsection (a) within 60 days after the date on which it is filed, the complainant may elect to appeal the alleged violation to the Merit Systems Protection Board in accordance with such procedures as the Merit Systems Protection Board shall prescribe, except that in no event may any such appeal be brought—

(A) before the 61st day after the date on which the complaint is filed; or

(B) later than 15 days after the date on which the complainant receives written notification from the Secretary under subsection (c)(2).

(2) An appeal under this subsection may not be brought unless—

(A) the complainant first provides written notification to the Secretary of such complainant's intention to bring such appeal; and

(B) appropriate evidence of compliance with subparagraph (A) is included (in such form and manner as the Merit Systems Protection Board may prescribe) with the notice of appeal under this subsection.

(3) Upon receiving notification under paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall not continue to investigate or further attempt to resolve the complaint to which the notification relates.

(e)(1) This section shall not be construed to prohibit a preference eligible from appealing directly to the Merit Systems Protection Board from any action which is appealable to the Board under any other law, rule, or regulation, in lieu of administrative redress under this section.

(2) A preference eligible may not pursue redress for an alleged violation described in subsection (a) under this section at the same time the preference eligible pursues redress for such violation under any other law, rule, or regulation.

(Added Pub. L. 105–339, §3(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3182; amended Pub. L. 108–454, title VIII, §804(a), Dec. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 3626.)

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–454 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

(a) In lieu of continuing the administrative redress procedure provided under section 3330a(d), a preference eligible, or a veteran described by section 3330a(a)(1)(B) with respect to a violation described by such section, may elect, in accordance with this section, to terminate those administrative proceedings and file an action with the appropriate United States district court not later than 60 days after the date of the election.

(b) An election under this section may not be made—

(1) before the 121st day after the date on which the appeal is filed with the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 3330a(d); or

(2) after the Merit Systems Protection Board has issued a judicially reviewable decision on the merits of the appeal.

(c) An election under this section shall be made, in writing, in such form and manner as the Merit Systems Protection Board shall by regulation prescribe. The election shall be effective as of the date on which it is received, and the administrative proceeding to which it relates shall terminate immediately upon the receipt of such election.

(Added Pub. L. 105–339, §3(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3184; amended Pub. L. 108–454, title VIII, §804(b), Dec. 10, 2004, 118 Stat. 3626.)

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–454, which directed insertion of ", or a veteran described by section 3330a(a)(1)(B) with respect to a violation described by such section," after "a preference eligible" in subsec. (a) of section 3330b, without specifying the Code title to be amended, was executed by making the insertion in subsec. (a) of this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

(a) If the Merit Systems Protection Board (in a proceeding under section 3330a) or a court (in a proceeding under section 3330b) determines that an agency has violated a right described in section 3330a, the Board or court (as the case may be) shall order the agency to comply with such provisions and award compensation for any loss of wages or benefits suffered by the individual by reason of the violation involved. If the Board or court determines that such violation was willful, it shall award an amount equal to backpay as liquidated damages.

(b) A preference eligible who prevails in an action under section 3330a or 3330b shall be awarded reasonable attorney fees, expert witness fees, and other litigation expenses.

(Added Pub. L. 105–339, §3(a), Oct. 31, 1998, 112 Stat. 3184.)

(a)

(1) The term "active duty"—

(A) has the meaning given that term in section 101(d)(1) of title 10;

(B) includes full-time National Guard duty (as defined in section 101(d)(5) of title 10); and

(C) for a member of a reserve component (as described in section 10101 of title 10), does not include training duties or attendance at a service school.

(2) The term "agency"—

(A) has the meaning given the term "Executive agency" in section 105 of this title; and

(B) does not include the Government Accountability Office.

(3) The term "remote work" refers to a particular type of telework under which an employee is not expected to report to an officially established agency location on a regular and recurring basis.

(4) 1 The term "spouse of a disabled or deceased member of the Armed Forces" means an individual—

(A) who is married to a member of the Armed Forces who—

(i) is retired, released, or discharged from the Armed Forces; and

(ii) on the date on which the member retires, is released, or is discharged, has a disability rating of 100 percent under the standard schedule of rating disabilities in use by the Department of Veterans Affairs; or

(B) who—

(i) was married to a member of the Armed Forces on the date on which the member dies while on active duty in the Armed Forces; and

(ii) has not remarried.

(5) The term "telework" has the meaning given the term in section 6501.

(4) 1 The term "spouse of an employee of the Department of Defense" means an individual who is married to an employee of the Department of Defense who is transferred in the interest of the Government from one official station within the Department to another within the Department (that is outside of normal commuting distance) for permanent duty.

(b)

(1) a spouse of a member of the Armed Forces on active duty;

(2) a spouse of a disabled or deceased member of the Armed Forces; or

(3) 2 a spouse of a member of the Armed Forces on active duty, or a spouse of a disabled or deceased member of the Armed Forces, to a position in which the spouse will engage in remote work.

(3) 2 a spouse of an employee of the Department of Defense.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §566(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1749; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1131, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2457; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §573(a), (c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1779; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §§1112(a), 1119(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 429, 434.)

For expiration of amendments by Pub. L. 115–232 and Pub. L. 118–31 and revival of section, see Termination Date of 2018 Amendment and Termination Date of 2023 Amendment notes below.

**2023**—Pub. L. 118–31, §1119(a)(1), (d), temporarily amended section catchline, inserting "and Department of Defense civilian" after "military". See Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 118–31, §1112(a)(1)(B), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4) defining spouse of a disabled or deceased member of the Armed Forces.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 118–31, §1119(a)(2), (d), temporarily added par. (4), defining spouse of an employee of the Department of Defense, at end of subsec. (a). See Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 118–31, §1112(a)(1)(A) redesignated par. (3) as (4) defining spouse of a disabled or deceased member of the Armed Forces.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 118–31, §1112(a)(1)(C), added par. (5).

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 118–31, §1119(a)(3), (d), temporarily added par. (3) relating to a spouse of an employee of the Department of Defense. See Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 118–31, §1112(a)(2), added par. (3) relating to appointment of a spouse to a position in which the spouse will engage in remote work.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, §1112(a)(3), substituted "subsection (a)(4)" for "subsection (a)(3)".

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232, §573(c), (e), temporarily amended section catchline generally, substituting "Appointment of military spouses" for "Appointment of certain military spouses". See Termination Date of 2018 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 115–232, §573(a)(1), (e), temporarily redesignated par. (6) as (3) and temporarily struck out former pars. (3) to (5) which defined geographic area of the permanent duty station, permanent change of station, and relocating spouse of a member of the Armed Forces, respectively. See Termination Date of 2018 Amendment note below.

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 115–232, §573(a)(2)–(4), (e), temporarily added subsec. (b) relating to appointment authority, temporarily redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and substituted "subsection (a)(3)" for "subsection (a)(6)" in par. (1), and temporarily struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) relating to appointment authority and special rules regarding relocating spouse, respectively. See Termination Date of 2018 Amendment note below.

**2016**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 114–328 added par. (3).

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1119(d), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 435, provided that: "Effective on December 31, 2028—

"(1) the authority provided by this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below], and the amendments made by this section [amending this section], shall expire; and

"(2) the provisions of section 3330d of title 5, United States Code, amended or repealed by this section are restored or revived as if this section had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §573(e), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1779, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XI, §1111(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2820, provided that: "Effective on December 31, 2028—

"(1) the authority provided by this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below], and the amendments made by this section [amending this section], shall expire; and

"(2) the provisions of section 3330d of title 5, United States Code, amended or repealed by such section are restored or revived as if such section had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title V, §566(b), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1751, provided that: "Not later than 180 after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall amend section 315.612 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations (relating to noncompetitive appointment of certain military spouses), in accordance with the amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] and promulgate or amend any other regulations necessary to carry out the amendment made by subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1119(c), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 434, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) monitor the number of those appointments;

"(B) require the head of each agency with the authority to make those appointments under that provision to submit to the Director an annual report on those appointments, including information on the number of individuals so appointed, the types of positions filled, and the effectiveness of the authority for those appointments; and

"(C) not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 2023], submit, to the Committees on Armed Services and Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committees on Armed Services and Oversight and Accountability of the House of Representatives, a report on the use and effectiveness of the authority described in subparagraph (B).

"(2)

"(A) shall treat the spouse as a relocating spouse under paragraph (1); and

"(B) may limit the number of those appointments."

[For termination of section 1119(c) of Pub. L. 118–31, set out above, see Termination Date of 2023 Amendment note set out above.]

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, §573(d), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1779, which related to limitations on the noncompetitive appointment of relocating spouses and required reports, was repealed by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XI, §1111(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2820.

Ex. Ord. No. 13832, May 9, 2018, 83 F.R. 22343, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 1784 of title 10, United States Code, and sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Definitions*. (a) "Military spouse" means:

(i) the husband or wife of a member of the Armed Forces who, as determined by the Secretary of Defense, is performing active duty pursuant to orders that authorize a permanent change of station move, if such husband or wife relocates to the member's new permanent duty station;

(ii) the husband or wife of a totally disabled retired or separated member of the Armed Forces; or

(iii) the unremarried widow or widower of a member of the Armed Forces killed while performing active duty.

(b) "Member of the Armed Forces" has the meaning set forth in 5 CFR 315.612(b)(4).

(c) "Agency" has the meaning set forth in section 3330d of title 5, United States Code.

(d) "Military spouse hiring authority" shall refer to the appointment authority set forth in 5 U.S.C. 3330d and 5 CFR 315.612.

*Policy*. (a) Military spouses make critical contributions to the personal and financial success of our military families. Military service of spouses, however, often impairs the spouse's ability to obtain and maintain employment, and to achieve career goals. Multiple and frequent relocations make it challenging for military spouses to maintain the home front, to comply with licensure and other job requirements, and to obtain adequate childcare.

(b) It shall be the policy of the United States to enhance employment support for military spouses. This policy will assist agencies in tapping into a pool of talented individuals and will promote the national interest of the United States and the well-being of our military families. It will also help retain members of the Armed Forces, enhance military readiness, recognize the tremendous sacrifices and service of the members of our Armed Forces and their families, and decrease the burden of regulations that can inhibit the entry of military spouses into the workforce.

*Promoting Hiring for Military Spouses*. (a) To the greatest extent possible consistent with hiring needs, agencies shall, when filling vacant positions in the competitive service, indicate in job opportunity announcements (JOAs) that they will consider candidates under the military spouse hiring authority in addition to candidates identified on the competitive or merit promotion certificate for the position as well as those candidates identified through any other hiring authority a JOA indicates an agency will consider.

(b) Agencies shall actively advertise and promote the military spouse hiring authority and actively solicit applications from military spouses for posted and other agency positions (including through USAJOBS).

(c) The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall consider whether changes to 5 CFR 315.612 are appropriate to account for cases in which there are no agency job openings within the geographic area of the permanent duty station of the member of the Armed Forces for which the member's spouse is qualified.

(d) OPM shall also periodically circulate notifications concerning the military spouse hiring authority and its eligibility requirements to each agency's Chief Human Capital Officer or the agency's equivalent officer, for such officer to transmit to appropriate offices and to notify eligible populations. Within 180 days of the date of this order [May 9, 2018], OPM shall post to its website, and circulate to each agency's Chief Human Capital Officer or the agency's equivalent officer, information about the military spouse hiring authority. That posting shall include a discussion of section 1131 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017, Public Law 114–328, which amended 5 U.S.C. 3330d(c) to eliminate the time limitation on noncompetitive appointment for a relocating spouse of a member of the Armed Forces.

(e) Within 180 days of the date of this order, OPM shall educate agencies concerning the military spouse hiring authority and ensure human resources personnel and hiring managers are briefed on techniques for its effective use. Concurrently, within 180 days of the date of this order, OPM shall provide any additional clarifying guidance it deems appropriate to agencies on provisions of the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, Public Law 111–292 [enacting chapter 65 and section 5711 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 6501 of this title and amending provisions set out as a note and provisions listed in a table under section 6120 of this title], and agencies shall ensure that human resources personnel and hiring managers are briefed as needed on techniques for the effective use of telework.

(f) Beginning in Fiscal Year 2019, agencies shall report annually (by December 31 of each year) to OPM and the Department of Labor the number of positions made available under the military spouse hiring authority, the number of applications submitted under the military spouse hiring authority, and the number of military spouses appointed under the military spouse hiring authority during the preceding fiscal year. Such report shall also describe actions taken during that period to advertise the military spouse hiring authority, as well as any other actions taken to promote the hiring of military spouses.

*Administrative Provisions*. (a) The Director of OPM shall administer this order and shall, in coordination with the Secretary of Labor, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, provide an annual report to the President regarding the implementation of this order and any recommendations for improving the hiring of military spouses, including steps to enhance the effectiveness of the military spouse hiring authority.

(b) The annual report described in subsection (a) of this section shall also include recommendations, developed in consultation with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Homeland Security, for actions that could be taken to improve license portability and remove barriers to the employment of military spouses.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Donald J. Trump.

Ex. Ord. No. 14100, June 9, 2023, 88 F.R. 39111, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Military-connected families are American working families. Military and veteran families, military caregivers, and survivors face many of the same challenges as their neighbors, but they can carry the additional strains of multiple deployments; frequent moves with little control over their geographic location; caring for wounded, ill, and injured service members or veterans; time apart for training and other demands of military life; and more. The unique demands of military life continue to affect veteran families, military caregivers, and survivors for years after a service member's time in uniform.

Military families, like their civilian counterparts, increasingly look to rely upon dual incomes; however, the 21 percent unemployment rate experienced by active-duty military spouses in the workforce makes that a difficult goal to achieve and maintain. Nearly one in five military families cite challenges with spousal employment as a reason when considering leaving active-duty service. The challenges associated with the military lifestyle, including permanent change-of-station moves every 2 to 3 years on average for active-duty families, mean that military spouses often struggle to find options for work that are portable or allow them to build a sustainable long-term career. Employment challenges are not limited to active-duty spouses, as Reserve and National Guard spouses must balance their careers against the unpredictable nature of the service member's schedule, activations, and deployments. Employment challenges can continue to affect the employability and career trajectory of veteran spouses well after a service member leaves the service.

Recognizing the importance of military family economic well-being to the all-volunteer force, the Federal Government employs more than 16,000 military, veteran, and surviving spouses. As the Nation's largest employer, we must be a model for diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility, and, in doing so, we recognize that military spouses are an underserved community. Whether they choose public service, employment in the private sector, or entrepreneurship through building a small business, it is the policy of my Administration to advance economic opportunity for military spouses. My Administration also recognizes the imperative of promoting economic security for military spouses—the vast majority of whom are women—under the National Strategy on Gender Equity and Equality.

In addition, my Administration understands that access to high-quality, affordable child care is a necessity for working families, and a military readiness issue. While the Department of Defense offers the largest employer-sponsored child care network in the country, military families still face challenges related to capacity and non-traditional work schedules. Many military families seeking care outside of the gates of our military bases struggle to find care they can afford. Because access to child care should not be an impediment to service, I have directed the Secretary of Defense to ensure the Fourteenth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, undertaken in January 2023, includes an assessment of child care access and cost in its review of military benefits and pay, along with consideration of factors such as the challenge of military spouse unemployment, frequent military moves, and periods of geographic separation between service members and their spouses, including dual military couples.

Military spouses can also be service members themselves, wearing the Nation's uniform in our Active Components, National Guard, or Reserve forces, with a higher percentage of women service members in a dual military marriage than their male counterparts. As we recognize the 75th anniversary of women's integration into the Armed Forces, my Administration is committed to removing barriers to women's ability to serve, including difficulty in accessing child care, which poses a challenge for both spouses, but disproportionately affects retention for women, especially women in dual military couples, and can play a factor in women's early separation from the Armed Forces.

As we commemorate the 50th anniversary of the all-volunteer force, we must appreciate now more than ever that the commitment and resilience of military-connected families are essential to the recruitment, retention, and readiness of our Armed Forces and the enduring strength of our Nation. Meeting the economic, social, and emotional needs of our military and veteran families, military caregivers, and survivors is a national security imperative. In times of peace and of war, military and veteran families, military caregivers, and survivors have sacrificed much for our country, answering the call to duty time and again. We owe them nothing less than the dignity of a meaningful career and the opportunity to build economic security for their families.

*Government-wide Military and Veteran Spouse, Military Caregiver, and Survivor Hiring and Retention Strategic Plan and Training*. Given the considerable Federal footprint around many military installations, military spouses are often interested in pursuing careers in the Federal civil service. To ensure that the Federal Government is an employer of choice for military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors, executive departments and agencies (agencies) must strengthen their ability to recruit, hire, develop, promote, and retain this skilled and diverse pool of talent. To that end:

(a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the Deputy Director for Management of the Office of Management and Budget, in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall develop and issue a Government-wide Military and Veteran Spouse, Military Caregiver, and Survivor Hiring and Retention Strategic Plan (Military-Connected Plan) within 180 days of the date of this order [June 9, 2023] that builds upon the Government-wide plans required by Executive Order 13583 of August 18, 2011 (Establishing a Coordinated Government-Wide Initiative to Promote Diversity and Inclusion in the Federal Workforce) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note], and Executive Order 14035 of June 25, 2021 (Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce) [42 U.S.C. 2000e note]. The Military-Connected Plan shall be updated as appropriate and at a minimum every 4 years. The Military-Connected Plan shall:

(i) define measures of success for the recruitment, hiring, and retention of military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors based on leading policies and practices in the public, private, and nonprofit sectors;

(ii) include plans for OPM to consult with the Department of Defense and the Department of Homeland Security in developing enhanced support for the retention of military spouses in Federal careers, consistent with merit system principles as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2301;

(iii) consistent with merit system principles, identify strategies—including pursuing development of a legislative proposal, as appropriate—to eliminate, where applicable, barriers to the employment of military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors in the Federal workforce, including with respect to recruitment; hiring, including an assessment of whether to pursue expanded eligibility for derivative preference; promotion; retention; performance evaluations and awards; professional development programs; mentoring programs or sponsorship initiatives; internship, fellowship, and registered apprenticeship programs; employee resource group and affinity group programs; and training, learning, and onboarding programs;

(iv) identify strategies for marketing the talent, experience, and diversity of military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors to agencies; and

(v) develop a data-driven approach to increasing transparency and accountability in hiring and retention—including by encouraging agencies to set goals for hiring under the Military Spouse Noncompetitive Appointment Authority established by 5 U.S.C. 3330d and hiring individuals eligible for derivative preference, to use data internally to improve performance, and to use data to publicly report on progress—which would build upon, as appropriate, the reporting requirements of Executive Order 13832 of May 9, 2018 (Enhancing Noncompetitive Civil Service Appointments of Military Spouses) [set out above].

(b) Beginning with Fiscal Year 2025, the Director of OPM shall revise the title of the "Employment of Veterans in the Federal Executive Branch" annual report to "Employment of Veterans and Military-Connected Spouses and Survivors in the Federal Executive Branch," and shall include in the report the existing data previously reported in the "Employment of Veterans in the Federal Executive Branch" report, including statistics on the hiring of military and veteran spouses and survivors in a manner that allows for comparison and analysis of the distinct populations and hiring mechanisms.

(c) The Secretary of Veterans Affairs and the Director of OPM shall collaborate on opportunities to better share Federal employee survey data to enable analysis and reporting relevant to the employment of military and veteran spouses and survivors.

(d) In collaboration with the Director of OPM and consistent with 5 U.S.C. 4103, agencies shall provide annual training for agency human resources personnel and hiring managers concerning the employment of military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors, including training on special authorities for the hiring of military spouses and survivors, and the provision of tools to build the agencies' capacity to make use of applicable hiring authorities, including distribution of the Joining Forces military spouse hiring toolkit, which OPM shall publish on the FedsHireVets website.

(e) The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) National Science and Technology Council Subcommittee on Equitable Data, as designated by Executive Order 14091 of February 16, 2023 (Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government) [5 U.S.C. 601 note], shall develop recommendations on ways in which agencies can expand Federal datasets to track outcomes for military and veteran spouses, military caregivers, and survivors. Such recommendations shall be included in the Director of OSTP's reports to the White House Steering Committee on Equity under section 9 of Executive Order 14091.

(f) The Secretaries of Defense, Labor, Veterans Affairs, and Homeland Security shall work together through existing interagency collaborations, including the Transition Assistance Program, to increase training and employment opportunities for military spouses in the workforce through the transition to veteran spouse status.

*Updates to Federal Training and Hiring Authorities*. To strengthen the ability of the Federal Government to train, develop, and hire military and veteran spouses and survivors:

(a) Beginning with Fiscal Year 2025, agencies shall list the Military Spouse Noncompetitive Appointment Authority established by 5 U.S.C. 3330d when soliciting applications from outside of their workforce for positions announced on USAJOBS or other job posting sites. This requirement applies when using merit promotion procedures to fill competitive service positions.

(b) The Secretary of Labor shall examine the eligibility of military and veteran spouses for programs that provide education, job training, employment services, employer engagement, and other relevant programs, and, as appropriate, shall work to reduce barriers that military and veteran spouses may face in accessing those programs.

(c) The Director of OPM shall examine the eligibility criteria for the Recent Graduates Program established by section 2 of Executive Order 13562 of December 27, 2010 (Recruiting and Hiring Students and Recent Graduates) [5 U.S.C. 3301 note], and, as appropriate, including by recommending Presidential action as necessary, shall work to reduce barriers that military spouses may face in accessing the Program.

*Retention of Military and Veteran Spouses and Military Caregivers, Including Those Employed by the Federal Government*. In order to support military and veteran spouses and military caregivers, including those who are employed by the Federal Government:

(a) The Director of OPM shall issue guidance to agencies:

(i) reinforcing existing telework and remote work flexibility options pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 6502 for Federal employees, including military spouses and military caregivers, and encouraging agency leaders to consider these as options for retaining Federal employee military spouses and military caregivers;

(ii) encouraging agencies to support the policies set forth in section 1 of this order by granting up to 5 days of administrative leave to military spouses during a geographic relocation occurring as directed by a service member's orders; and

(iii) encouraging agencies to collaborate so that a military spouse or military caregiver Federal employee may be placed in another Federal agency position when arrangements to retain a military spouse or military caregiver—including following changes to support continuity of care or relocation due to permanent change-of-station orders for the active-duty service member—are unavailable to allow them to continue in their existing position.

(b) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense, when reevaluating or entering agreements with host nations, shall consider work options for military spouses who are performing remote work for non-Department of Defense entities, so as to reduce barriers for military spouses seeking to continue their private sector- or self-employment.

(c) The Secretary of Defense shall coordinate with the heads of the Military Departments, and the Secretary of Homeland Security shall coordinate with the Commandant of the United States Coast Guard, to amend their respective legal assistance instructions to allow for consultation, advice, and assistance to military families on Status of Forces Agreements and other agreements with host nations affecting family employment, so as to provide support for military spouses navigating complex employment requirements related to working remotely while their active-duty service member spouse is stationed overseas. Those amendments shall specify that legal assistance is limited to the personal civil legal affairs of military dependents affected by employment restrictions related to a Status of Forces Agreement or other host nation agreement, and does not extend to their employers or the establishment, management, or taxation of small business organizations.

*Domestic Employees Teleworking Overseas Policy*. In order to ensure that military spouses are able to equitably and reasonably access opportunities for remote work in their Federal jobs when their service-member spouse receives orders overseas, promote togetherness for military families, and enable agencies that employ military spouses—resilient and talented civil servants—to retain them, the following improvements shall be made to the Domestic Employees Teleworking Overseas (DETO) program implemented by agencies pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81) [see Tables for classification]:

(a) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense shall enter into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to address residential security and safety requirements for military spouses employed by the Federal Government and working overseas through the DETO program. The MOU shall be communicated to sponsoring agencies, and the Secretaries of State and Defense shall develop appropriate guidance to communicate the provisions of the MOU to military spouses who are civilian employees of the Federal Government.

(b) To promote consistency and effective coordination in the implementation of the DETO program across the executive branch, agencies shall:

(i) develop common standards for DETO policies, including identification of points of contact and creation of guidelines to ensure that such policies are communicated and advertised in a manner accessible to military spouse employees;

(ii) establish a DETO application system and develop a method to track DETO applications received and processed, as well as application processing timelines; and

(iii) establish time frames for DETO application processing and approvals, considering the time-sensitive nature of decisions for applications by military spouses due to permanent change-of-station moves and other factors unique to military families.

*Expanding Support for Military and Veteran Spouse Entrepreneurs*. Many military spouses start their own businesses because of a need for flexibility or inability to find or maintain other employment. When military spouses must discontinue their businesses, however, they often cite military moves, rather than lack of profitability, as the reason. To support military spouse entrepreneurs in starting and sustaining their businesses, the Administrator of the Small Business Administration shall:

(a) expand access to resources tailored to military and veteran spouses who are interested in starting or growing a small business, including guidance to help military spouses with relocating a business following a military move; and

(b) evaluate access to capital gaps for military spouse entrepreneurs.

*Child Care for Military Families*. The Department of Defense operates the largest employer-sponsored child care program in the United States in order to provide military families with support that is essential to overall mission readiness, retention, and recruitment. To build on the existing support and ensure that military families have access to affordable, high-quality child care allowing both the service member and the spouse to pursue professional opportunities, the Secretary of Defense shall:

(a) in coordination with the Director of OPM, establish flexible spending accounts for the care of military dependents, available to military personnel no later than January 1, 2024; and

(b) expand pathways for military spouses to provide certified, home-based child care on military installations, including by providing them with support in seeking licensure and achieving government-mandated quality benchmarks.

*Definitions*. For the purposes of this order:

(a) The term "active duty" has the meaning set forth in 10 U.S.C. 101(d)(1), except that the term also includes "active Guard and Reserve duty," as defined in 10 U.S.C. 101(d)(6)(a).

(b) The term "agency" means any authority of the United States that is an "agency" under 44 U.S.C. 3502(1), other than those considered to be independent regulatory agencies, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(5).

(c) The term "derivative preference" means those who are "preference eligible," as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2108(3), because they are eligible spouses and parents who use a veteran's preference when the veteran is unable to do so.

(d) The term "military caregiver" means the spouse, child, parent, or next of kin of a veteran who is the primary caregiver for a veteran undergoing medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy for a serious injury or illness who was a member of the Armed Forces (including a member of the National Guard or Reserves) and who was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable.

(e) The term "military spouse" means an individual married to a member of the Armed Forces who is performing active duty.

(f) The term "survivor" means the spouse, child, parent, or next of kin of a service member who died while on active duty, or from a service-connected disability following discharge or release under conditions other than dishonorable.

(g) The term "veteran spouse" means an individual married to a retired or separated member of the Armed Forces who was discharged or released under conditions other than dishonorable, so long as the marriage occurred prior to or during the service member's active service.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

1 So in original. Two pars. (4) have been enacted.

2 So in original. Two pars. (3) have been enacted.

(a) If a former Government employee is a candidate for a position within the competitive service or the excepted service, prior to making any determination with respect to the appointment or reinstatement of such employee to such position, the appointing authority shall review and consider merit-based information relating to such employee's former period or periods of service such as official personnel actions, employee performance ratings, and disciplinary actions, if any, in such employee's official personnel record file.

(b) In subsection (a), the term "former Government employee" means an individual whose most recent position with the Government prior to becoming a candidate as described under subsection (a) was within the competitive service or the excepted service.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this section. Such regulations may not contain provisions that would increase the time required for agency hiring actions.

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1136(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460.)

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1136(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply to any former Government employee (as described in section 3330e of title 5, United States Code, as added by such subsection) appointed or reinstated on or after the date that is 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016]."

(a)

(1)

(A) any Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, and the Postal Regulatory Commission;

(B) the Architect of the Capitol, the Government Accountability Office, the Government Publishing Office, and the Library of Congress; and

(C) the Executive Office of the President and any component within that Office (including any successor component), including—

(i) the Council of Economic Advisors;

(ii) the Council on Environmental Quality;

(iii) the National Security Council;

(iv) the Office of the Vice President;

(v) the Office of Policy Development;

(vi) the Office of Administration;

(vii) the Office of Management and Budget;

(viii) the Office of the United States Trade Representative;

(ix) the Office of Science and Technology Policy;

(x) the Office of National Drug Control Policy; and

(xi) the White House Office, including the White House Office of Presidential Personnel.

(2)

(A) means an individual serving in a policy and supporting position; and

(B) includes an individual serving in such a position temporarily in an acting capacity in accordance with—

(i) sections 3345 through 3349d (commonly referred to as the "Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998");

(ii) any other statutory provision described in section 3347(a)(1); or

(iii) a Presidential appointment described in section 3347(a)(2).

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) means any position at an agency, as determined by the Director, that, but for this section and section 2(b)(3) of the PLUM Act of 2022, would be included in the publication entitled "United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions", (commonly referred to as the "Plum Book"); and

(B) may include—

(i) a position on any level of the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53, or another position with an equivalent rate of pay;

(ii) a general position (as defined in section 3132(a)(9)) in the Senior Executive service;

(iii) a position in the Senior Foreign Service;

(iv) a position of a confidential or policy-determining character under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation; and

(v) any other position classified at or above level GS–14 of the General Schedule (or equivalent) that is excepted from the competitive service by law because of the confidential or policy-determining nature of the position duties.

(b)

(1) Each policy and supporting position in the Federal Government, including any such position that is vacant.

(2) The name of each individual who—

(A) is serving in a position described in paragraph (1); or

(B) previously served in a position described in such paragraph under the applicable President.

(3) Information on—

(A) any Government-wide or agency-wide limitation on the total number of positions in the Senior Executive Service under section 3133 or 3134 or the total number of positions under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(B) the total number of individuals occupying such positions.

(c)

(1) the agency, and agency component, (including the agency and bureau code used by the Office of Management and Budget) in which the position is located;

(2) the name of the position;

(3) the name of the individual occupying the position (if any);

(4) the geographic location of the position, including the city, State or province, and country;

(5) the pay system under which the position is paid;

(6) the level, grade, or rate of pay;

(7) the term or duration of the appointment (if any);

(8) the expiration date, in the case of a time-limited appointment;

(9) a unique identifier for each appointee;

(10) whether the position is vacant; and

(11) for any position that is vacant—

(A) for a position for which appointment is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the name of the acting official; and

(B) for other positions, the name of the official performing the duties of the vacant position.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) specific data standards that an agency shall follow to ensure that the information is complete, accurate, and reliable;

(B) data quality assurance methods; and

(C) the timeframe during which an agency shall provide or upload the information, including the timeframe described under paragraph (4).

(3)

(A) the information required by the Director;

(B) complete, accurate, and reliable information; or

(C) the information during the timeframe specified by the Director.

(4)

(A)

(i) the policy and supporting positions in the agency;

(ii) the appointees occupying such positions in the agency; and

(iii) the former appointees who served in such positions in the agency under the President then in office.

(B)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(A) an explanation of how the agency ensured the information is complete, accurate, and reliable; and

(B) a certification that the information is complete, accurate, and reliable.

(h)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A) request additional information from an agency; and

(B) use any additional information provided to the Director or the White House Office of Presidential Personnel for the purposes of verification.

(3)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(A) on, or through a link on, the covered website;

(B) at no cost; and

(C) in a searchable, sortable, downloadable, and machine-readable format.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5322(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3255.)

Section 2(b)(3) of the PLUM Act of 2022, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(A), probably means section 5322(b)(3) of Pub. L. 117–263, which is set out in a note under this section. The PLUM Act of 2022 is subtitle B of title LIII of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, the second section of which is section 5322.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(B)(v), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The date of enactment of the PLUM Act of 2022, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (f)(2), is the date of enactment of subtitle B of title LIII of div. E of Pub. L. 117–263, which was approved Dec. 23, 2022.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5322(b), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3259, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the quality of data required to be collected and whether the data is complete, accurate, timely, and reliable;

"(B) any challenges experienced by agencies in implementing this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle; and

"(C) any suggestions or modifications to enhance compliance with this subtitle and the amendments made by this subtitle, including best practices for agencies to follow.

"(3)

"(A) the covered website shall serve as the public directory for policy and supporting positions in the Government; and

"(B) the publication entitled 'United States Government Policy and Supporting Positions', commonly referred to as the 'Plum Book', shall no longer be issued or published.

"(4)

"(A)

"(B)

An individual, except the President, elected or appointed to an office of honor or profit in the civil service or uniformed services, shall take the following oath: "I, AB, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God." This section does not affect other oaths required by law.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 424.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 16. | R.S. §1757. May 13, 1884, ch. 46, §§2, 3, 23 Stat. 22. |


All but the quoted language in R.S. §1757 is omitted as obsolete since R.S. §1757 was originally an alternative oath to the oath prescribed in R.S. §1756 which oath was repealed by the Act of May 13, 1884, ch. 46, §2, 23 Stat. 22. The words "An individual, except the President, . . . in the civil service or uniformed services" are substituted for "any person . . . either in the civil, military, or naval service, except the President of the United States". The second sentence of former section 16 is changed to read, "This section does not affect other oaths required by law.".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An officer, within 30 days after the effective date of his appointment, shall file with the oath of office required by section 3331 of this title an affidavit that neither he nor anyone acting in his behalf has given, transferred, promised, or paid any consideration for or in the expectation or hope of receiving assistance in securing the appointment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 424.)

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5 U.S.C. 21a. | Dec. 11, 1926, ch. 4, §1, 44 Stat. 918. Mar. 2, 1927, ch. 284, 44 Stat. 1346. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §10, 64 Stat. 987. |


The section is restated for clarity and conciseness. The term "officer" is coextensive with and substituted for "Each individual appointed hereafter as a civil officer of the United States by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, or by the President alone, or by a court of law, or by the head of a department" in view of the definition of "officer" in section 2104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, an individual who accepts office or employment in the Government of the United States or in the government of the District of Columbia shall execute an affidavit within 60 days after accepting the office or employment that his acceptance and holding of the office or employment does not or will not violate section 7311 of this title. The affidavit is prima facie evidence that the acceptance and holding of office or employment by the affiant does not or will not violate section 7311 of this title.

(b) An affidavit is not required from an individual employed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia for less than 60 days for sudden emergency work involving the loss of human life or the destruction of property. This subsection does not relieve an individual from liability for violation of section 7311 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 424.)

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5 U.S.C. 118q. | Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, §2, 69 Stat. 624. | |

[Uncodified]. | June 29, 1956, ch. 479, §3 (as applicable to the Act of Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, §2, 69 Stat. 624), 70 Stat. 453. |


The section is restated for clarity and to conform to the style of section 3332.

In subsection (a), the words "after August 9, 1955" are omitted as executed. The words "if the affidavit is executed prior to acceptance of such office or employment" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "From and after July 1, 1956", appearing in the Act of June 29, 1956, are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(c)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–616, substituted "DETAILS, VACANCIES, AND APPOINTMENTS" for "DETAILS" as subchapter heading.

Pub. L. 117–149, June 21, 2022, 136 Stat. 1289, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Federal Rotational Cyber Workforce Program Act of 2021'.

"In this Act:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) the Chief Human Capital Officers Council established under section 1303 of the Chief Human Capital Officers Act of 2002 [Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII] (5 U.S.C. 1401 note); and

"(B) the Chief Information Officers Council established under section 3603 of title 44, United States Code.

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

"(7)

"(8)

"(9)

"(10)

"(11)

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) notice regarding any determination made by the head of the agency under paragraph (1); and

"(B) for each position with respect to which the head of the agency makes a determination under paragraph (1), the information required under subsection (b)(1).

"(b)

"(1) with respect to each such position, to the extent that the information does not disclose sensitive national security information, includes—

"(A) the title of the position;

"(B) the occupational series with respect to the position;

"(C) the grade level or work level with respect to the position;

"(D) the agency in which the position is located;

"(E) the duty location with respect to the position; and

"(F) the major duties and functions of the position; and

"(2) shall be used to support the rotational cyber workforce program.

"(c)

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

"(1) identify agencies for participation in the rotational cyber workforce program;

"(2) establish procedures for the rotational cyber workforce program, including—

"(A) any training, education, or career development requirements associated with participation in the rotational cyber workforce program;

"(B) any prerequisites or requirements for participation in the rotational cyber workforce program; and

"(C) appropriate rotational cyber workforce program performance measures, reporting requirements, employee exit surveys, and other accountability devices for the evaluation of the program;

"(3) provide that participation in the rotational cyber workforce program by an employee shall be voluntary;

"(4) provide that an employee shall be eligible to participate in the rotational cyber workforce program if the head of the employing agency of the employee, or a designee of the head of the employing agency of the employee, approves of the participation of the employee;

"(5) provide that the detail of an employee to a rotational cyber workforce position under the rotational cyber workforce program shall be on a nonreimbursable basis;

"(6) provide that agencies may agree to partner to ensure that the employing agency of an employee that participates in the rotational cyber workforce program is able to fill the position vacated by the employee;

"(7) require that an employee detailed to a rotational cyber workforce position under the rotational cyber workforce program, upon the end of the period of service with respect to the detail, shall be entitled to return to the position held by the employee, or an equivalent position, in the employing agency of the employee without loss of pay, seniority, or other rights or benefits to which the employee would have been entitled had the employee not been detailed;

"(8) provide that discretion with respect to the assignment of an employee under the rotational cyber workforce program shall remain with the employing agency of the employee;

"(9) require that an employee detailed to a rotational cyber workforce position under the rotational cyber workforce program in an agency that is not the employing agency of the employee shall have all the rights that would be available to the employee if the employee were detailed under a provision of law other than this Act from the employing agency to the agency in which the rotational cyber workforce position is located;

"(10) provide that participation by an employee in the rotational cyber workforce program shall not constitute a change in the conditions of the employment of the employee; and

"(11) provide that an employee participating in the rotational cyber workforce program shall receive performance evaluations relating to service in the rotational cyber workforce program in a participating agency that are—

"(A) prepared by an appropriate officer, supervisor, or management official of the employing agency, acting in coordination with the supervisor at the agency in which the employee is performing service in the rotational cyber workforce position;

"(B) based on objectives identified in the operation plan with respect to the employee; and

"(C) based in whole or in part on the contribution of the employee to the agency in which the employee performed such service, as communicated from that agency to the employing agency of the employee.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(4)

"(A)

"(B)

"Not later than the end of the third fiscal year after the fiscal year in which the operation plan under section 4(a) is issued, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to Congress a report assessing the operation and effectiveness of the rotational cyber workforce program, which shall address, at a minimum—

"(1) the extent to which agencies have participated in the rotational cyber workforce program, including whether the head of each such participating agency has—

"(A) identified positions within the agency that are rotational cyber workforce positions;

"(B) had employees from other participating agencies serve in positions described in subparagraph (A); and

"(C) had employees of the agency request to serve in rotational cyber workforce positions under the rotational cyber workforce program in participating agencies, including a description of how many such requests were approved; and

"(2) the experiences of employees serving in rotational cyber workforce positions under the rotational cyber workforce program, including an assessment of—

"(A) the period of service;

"(B) the positions (including grade level and occupational series or work level) held by employees before completing service in a rotational cyber workforce position under the rotational cyber workforce program;

"(C) the extent to which each employee who completed service in a rotational cyber workforce position under the rotational cyber workforce program achieved a higher skill level, or attained a skill level in a different area, with respect to information technology, cybersecurity, or other cyber-related functions; and

"(D) the extent to which service in rotational cyber workforce positions has affected intra-agency and interagency integration and coordination of cyber practices, functions, and personnel management.

"Effective 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act [June 21, 2022], this Act is repealed."

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §619, Sept. 30, 1993, 108 Stat. 2420, which directed each Executive agency detailing personnel submit an annual report to Senate and House Committees on Appropriations on all employees or members of armed services detailed to Executive agencies, listing grade, position, and offices of each person detailed and agency to which each such person was detailed, with exemptions for certain intelligence agencies, terminated, effective May 15, 2000, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 151 of House Document No. 103–7. Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §617, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1263.

Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, §619, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1769; repealed by Pub. L. 104–66, title III, §3001(h), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 734.

Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §619, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 871.

Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §616, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1474.

Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §616, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 819.

Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §616, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1754.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §621], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–427.

(a) The head of an Executive department or military department may detail employees among the bureaus and offices of his department, except employees who are required by law to be exclusively engaged on some specific work.

(b)(1) Details under subsection (a) of this section may be made only by written order of the head of the department, and may be for not more than 120 days. These details may be renewed by written order of the head of the department, in each particular case, for periods not exceeding 120 days.

(2) The 120-day limitation in paragraph (1) for details and renewals of details does not apply to the Department of Defense in the case of a detail—

(A) made in connection with the closure or realignment of a military installation pursuant to a base closure law or an organizational restructuring of the Department as part of a reduction in the size of the armed forces or the civilian workforce of the Department; and

(B) in which the position to which the employee is detailed is eliminated on or before the date of the closure, realignment, or restructuring.

(c) For purposes of this section, the term "base closure law" has the meaning given such term in section 101(a)(17) of title 10.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 424; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1033(a), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title X, §1056(a)(4), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3439.)

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5 U.S.C. 38. | R.S. §166. May 28, 1896, ch. 252, §3, 29 Stat. 179. |


The words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101.

The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

The word "detail" is coextensive with and is substituted for "alter the distribution". The word "clerks" is omitted as included in "employees". The words "as he may find it necessary and proper to do" and "from time to time" are omitted as surplusage.

This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2006**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–163 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) defined the terms "base closure law" and "military installation" for purposes of this section.

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–106, §1033(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1033(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 430, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] apply to details made before the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996] but still in effect on that date and details made on or after that date."

For restriction on availability of funds for salaries of employees reassigned on temporary detail basis to another position without independent approval by head of employing department or agency, see section 515(3) of Pub. L. 103–333, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Section, added Pub. L. 101–416, §2(a)(1), Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 902, related to Federal participants in executive exchange programs.

A prior section 3342, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 425, which prohibited details of employees from field service to Executive department in District of Columbia except for temporary duty, details specifically provided for by law, or detailing of one employee from Bureau of Customs for duty in District of Columbia, was repealed by Pub. L. 89–762, §1(a), Nov. 5, 1966, 80 Stat. 1312.

Section repealed effective Oct. 1, 1991, see section 9(b)(3) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency", "employee", and "international organization" have the meanings given them by section 3581 of this title; and

(2) "detail" means the assignment or loan of an employee to an international organization without a change of position from the agency by which he is employed to an international organization.

(b) The head of an agency may detail, for a period of not more than 5 years, an employee of his agency to an international organization which requests services, except that under special circumstances, where the President determines it to be in the national interest, he may extend the 5-year period for up to an additional 3 years.

(c) An employee detailed under subsection (b) of this section is deemed, for the purpose of preserving his allowances, privileges, rights, seniority, and other benefits, an employee of the agency from which detailed, and he is entitled to pay, allowances, and benefits from funds available to that agency. The authorization and payment of these allowances and other benefits from appropriations available therefor is deemed to comply with section 5536 of this title.

(d) Details may be made under subsection (b) of this section—

(1) without reimbursement to the United States by the international organization; or

(2) with agreement by the international organization to reimburse the United States for all or part of the pay, travel expenses, and allowances payable during the detail, and the reimbursement shall be credited to the appropriation, fund, or account used for paying the amounts reimbursed.

(e) An employee detailed under subsection (b) of this section may be paid or reimbursed by an international organization for allowances or expenses incurred in the performance of duties required by the detail, without regard to section 209 of title 18.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §502(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 825.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2331. | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795, §2, 72 Stat. 959. |

(b)–(e) | 5 U.S.C. 2332. | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795, §3, 72 Stat. 959. |


In subsection (a)(2), the words "without a change of position from the agency by which he is employed to an international organization" are substituted for "without the employee's transfer from the Federal agency by which he is employed" to eliminate the necessity of carrying into this section the definition of "transfer" appearing in former section 2331(5).

In subsection (e), the words "section 209 of title 18" are substituted for "section 1914 of title 18" on authority of the Act of Oct. 23, 1962, Pub. L. 87–849, §2, 76 Stat. 1126.

Other definitions appearing in former section 2331 are omitted from this section as inappropriate but are carried into section 3581.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–175 substituted "5" for "3" and inserted provision enabling President, regarding an agency employee detailed to an international organization for 5 years, to extend the 5-year period for up to an additional 3 years.

For provisions concerning the providing for details of Federal employees to international organizations and the delegation of Presidential authority, concerning the extension of a detail under this section, to the Secretary of State, see Ex. Ord. No. 11552, Aug. 24, 1970, 35 F.R. 13569, set out as a note under section 3584 of this title.

An agency as defined by section 551 of this title which occasionally or temporarily is insufficiently staffed with administrative law judges appointed under section 3105 of this title may use administrative law judges selected by the Office of Personnel Management from and with the consent of other agencies.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), (b)(2), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 1010 (4th sentence). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §11 (4th sentence), 60 Stat. 244. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 95–251 substituted references to administrative law judges for references to hearing examiners in section catchline and wherever appearing in text.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) If an officer of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) whose appointment to office is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to perform the functions and duties of the office—

(1) the first assistant to the office of such officer shall perform the functions and duties of the office temporarily in an acting capacity subject to the time limitations of section 3346;

(2) notwithstanding paragraph (1), the President (and only the President) may direct a person who serves in an office for which appointment is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to perform the functions and duties of the vacant office temporarily in an acting capacity subject to the time limitations of section 3346; or

(3) notwithstanding paragraph (1), the President (and only the President) may direct an officer or employee of such Executive agency to perform the functions and duties of the vacant office temporarily in an acting capacity, subject to the time limitations of section 3346, if—

(A) during the 365-day period preceding the date of death, resignation, or beginning of inability to serve of the applicable officer, the officer or employee served in a position in such agency for not less than 90 days; and

(B) the rate of pay for the position described under subparagraph (A) is equal to or greater than the minimum rate of pay payable for a position at GS–15 of the General Schedule.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1), a person may not serve as an acting officer for an office under this section, if—

(A) during the 365-day period preceding the date of the death, resignation, or beginning of inability to serve, such person—

(i) did not serve in the position of first assistant to the office of such officer; or

(ii) served in the position of first assistant to the office of such officer for less than 90 days; and

(B) the President submits a nomination of such person to the Senate for appointment to such office.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any person if—

(A) such person is serving as the first assistant to the office of an officer described under subsection (a);

(B) the office of such first assistant is an office for which appointment is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and

(C) the Senate has approved the appointment of such person to such office.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1), the President (and only the President) may direct an officer who is nominated by the President for reappointment for an additional term to the same office in an Executive department without a break in service, to continue to serve in that office subject to the time limitations in section 3346, until such time as the Senate has acted to confirm or reject the nomination, notwithstanding adjournment sine die.

(2) For purposes of this section and sections 3346, 3347, 3348, 3349, 3349a, and 3349d, the expiration of a term of office is an inability to perform the functions and duties of such office.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(B), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 3345, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 100–398, §7(a)(1), (2), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 988, provided for details to office of head of Executive agency or military department, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, 2681–616, effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(d), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–616, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

Ex. Ord. No. 13472, Sept. 11, 2008, 73 F.R. 53353, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It is the policy of the Federal Government to ensure that each executive branch agency can perform its essential functions and remain an effectively functioning part of the Federal Government under all conditions. Accordingly, each agency shall take all appropriate actions to establish, maintain, and, as necessary, revise an order of succession, or to propose presidential action to establish or revise an order of succession.

*Definitions*. As used in this order:

(a) "agency" means:

(i) an executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, other than the Government Accountability Office; and

(ii) the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

(b) "order of succession" means a list of officials by position who shall act as and perform the functions and duties of the office of the head of the agency in the event that the office-holder has died, resigned, or otherwise become unable to perform the functions and duties of the office. "Order of succession" does not include any order, rule, memorandum, or other document delegating or partially delegating the authority of an office.

*Orders of Succession Requiring Presidential Action.*

(a) Each agency for which presidential action is required to establish an order of succession shall draft a proposed order of succession if no such order exists and, not later than 30 days from the date of this order, send such proposed draft order to the Counsel to the President for review and comment.

(b) Each agency described in subsection 3(a) of this order shall send any proposed updates or revisions to the agency's order of succession to the Counsel to the President for review and comment.

(c) Upon completion of the requirements set forth by subsections (a) or (b) of this section with respect to a proposed order, the agency shall submit the proposed order to the Office of Management and Budget in accordance with Executive Order 11030, as amended.

*Orders of Succession Not Requiring Presidential Action*. (a) Each agency for which presidential action is not required to establish an order of succession because of the agency's existing legal authority shall establish and maintain such order in accordance with applicable law and any applicable guidance issued by the President or the Secretary of Homeland Security, including the laws and guidance regarding continuity plans and programs for the executive branch.

(b) Each agency described in subsection 4(a) of this order shall update and revise its order of succession as necessary. Before implementing any revisions to its order of succession, such agency shall send the proposed revisions to the Counsel to the President for review and comment.

(c) Not later than 30 days from the date of this order, and not later than 7 days from the issuance date of any subsequent final revision to an existing order of succession, each agency described in subsection 4(a) of this order shall provide a copy of its order of succession to the Counsel to the President, the Assistant to the President for Homeland Security and Counterterrorism, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department, agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to delegate the President's authority under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998, 5 U.S.C. 3345 *et seq*., to designate individuals to perform the functions and duties of a vacant office temporarily in an acting capacity.

(c) This order shall be implemented in a manner consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, by any party against the United States, its agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Provisions relating to the exercise of Presidential authorities to designate an order of succession for executive agencies and offices are contained in the following:

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 6, 2019, 84 F.R. 48227, as corrected Sept. 16, 2019, 84 F.R. 48549.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7627, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Sept. 6, 2019, 84 F.R. 48227.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Mar. 13, 2015, 80 F.R. 14289, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7627.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 18, 2008, 73 F.R. 54487, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Mar. 13, 2015, 80 F.R. 14289.

Ex. Ord. No. 13612, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31153.

Ex. Ord. No. 13542, May 13, 2010, 75 F.R. 27921, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13612, §3, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31154.

Ex. Ord. No. 13241, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66258, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(a), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13243; Ex. Ord. No. 13484, §§1, 2, Jan. 9, 2009, 74 F.R. 2285, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13542, §3, May 13, 2010, 75 F.R. 27922.

Ex. Ord. No. 11957, Jan. 13, 1977, 42 F.R. 3295, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13241, §4, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66259.

Ex. Ord. No. 13613, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31155.

Ex. Ord. No. 13242, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66260, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(b), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13243, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13613, §3, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31155.

Ex. Ord. No. 11880, Oct. 2, 1975, 40 F.R. 46089, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617; Ex. Ord. No. 12998, Apr. 5, 1996, 61 F.R. 15873, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13242, §4, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66261.

Ex. Ord. No. 13963, Dec. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 81331.

Ex. Ord. No. 13533, Mar. 1, 2010, 75 F.R. 10163, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13963, §3, Dec. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 81332.

Ex. Ord. No. 13394, Dec. 22, 2005, 70 F.R. 76665, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13533, §3, Mar. 1, 2010, 75 F.R. 10164.

Ex. Ord. No. 13000, Apr. 24, 1996, 61 F.R. 18483, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13394, §5, Dec. 22, 2005, 70 F.R. 76666.

Ex. Ord. No. 13461, Feb. 15, 2008, 73 F.R. 9437.

Ex. Ord. No. 13250, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 1597, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(h), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13461, §4, Feb. 15, 2008, 73 F.R. 9438.

For order of succession within the Department of Homeland Security, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §88, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, as amended, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Ex. Ord. No. 13243, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66262, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(c), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244.

Ex. Ord. No. 11274, Mar. 30, 1966, 31 F.R. 5243, as amended by Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §112(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1454, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13243, §4, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66263.

Ex. Ord. No. 13787, Mar. 31, 2017, 82 F.R. 16723.

Ex. Ord. No. 13775, Feb. 9, 2017, 82 F.R. 10697, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13787, §3, Mar. 31, 2017, 82 F.R. 16723.

Ex. Ord. No. 13762, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7619, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13775, §3, Feb. 9, 2017, 82 F.R. 10697.

Ex. Ord. No. 13557, Nov. 4, 2010, 75 F.R. 68679, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13762, §3 Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7619.

Ex. Ord. No. 13481, Dec. 9, 2008, 73 F.R. 75531, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13557, §3, Nov. 4, 2010, 75 F.R. 68679.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 8, 2006, 71 F.R. 74753, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13481, §3, Dec. 9, 2008, 73 F.R. 75531.

Ex. Ord. No. 13755, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96329.

Ex. Ord. No. 13245, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66268, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(e), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13755, §3, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96329.

Ex. Ord. No. 10513, Jan. 19, 1954, 19 F.R. 369, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13245, §4, Dec. 8, 2001, 66 F.R. 66269.

Ex. Ord. No. 13251, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 1599, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(i), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244.

Ex. Ord. No. 12343, Jan. 27, 1982, 47 F.R. 4225, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13251, §4, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 1599.

Ex. Ord. No. 12909, Apr. 22, 1994, 59 F.R. 21909.

Ex. Ord. No. 12908, Apr. 22, 1994, 59 F.R. 21907.

Ex. Ord. No. 13915, Apr. 14, 2020, 85 F.R. 21733.

Ex. Ord. No. 13244, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66267, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(d), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13915, §4, Apr. 14, 2020, 85 F.R. 21734.

Ex. Ord. No. 11487, Oct. 6, 1969, 34 F.R. 15593, as amended by Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §112(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1454, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13244, §4, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66267.

Ex. Ord. No. 12879, Nov. 8, 1993, 58 F.R. 59929.

Ex. Ord. No. 13735, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54709.

Ex. Ord. No. 13246, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66270, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(f), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13735, §4, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54709.

Ex. Ord. No. 11822, Dec. 10, 1974, 39 F.R. 43275, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13246, §4, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66270.

Ex. Ord. No. 13485, Jan. 9, 2009, 74 F.R. 2287.

Ex. Ord. No. 13736, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54711.

Ex. Ord. No. 13247, Dec. 18, 2001, 66 F.R. 66271, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13261, §4(g), Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13244, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13736, §3(a), (b), Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54711.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 12, 2003, 68 F.R. 10141, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13736, §3(d), Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54711.

Ex. Ord. No. 13973, Jan. 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 3733.

Ex. Ord. No. 13763, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7621, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13973, §3, Jan. 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 3734.

Ex. Ord. No. 13737, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54713, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13763, §3, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7622.

Ex. Ord. No. 13614, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31157, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13737, §3, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54714.

Ex. Ord. No. 13261, Mar. 19, 2002, 67 F.R. 13243, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13344, July 7, 2004, 69 F.R. 41747, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13614, §3, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31157, amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13736, §3(b), Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54711.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 9, 2007, 72 F.R. 7343.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 26, 2002, 67 F.R. 79513, terminated upon the transfer of the authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to the Department of Homeland Security.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7629.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96333.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 17, 2014, 79 F.R. 63803.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 2, 2020, 85 F.R. 55585.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 20, 2013, 78 F.R. 59161, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Sept. 2, 2020, 85 F.R. 55585.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31161.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 16, 2009, 74 F.R. 4099.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96331.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31163, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96331.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96335.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54717.

Ex. Ord. No. 13615, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31159.

Ex. Ord. No. 13370, Jan. 13, 2005, 70 F.R. 3137, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13615, §3, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31159.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 81775.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54715, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Dec. 10, 2020, 85 F.R. 81775.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31165, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Aug. 12, 2016, 81 F.R. 54715.

Memorandum of President of the United States, May 5, 2005, 70 F.R. 28773, superseded by Memorandum of President of the United States, May 21, 2012, 77 F.R. 31165.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Mar. 11, 2003, 68 F.R. 12281, superseded by Memorandum of President of the United States, May 5, 2005, 70 F.R. 28773.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7625.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 5, 2009, 74 F.R. 39871, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Jan. 13, 2017, 82 F.R. 7625.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 20, 2013, 78 F.R. 59159.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Mar. 8, 2011, 76 F.R. 13499, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §4, Sept. 20, 2013, 78 F.R. 59159.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 3, 2008, 73 F.R. 58869, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §5, Mar. 8, 2011, 76 F.R. 13499.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 20, 2005, 70 F.R. 76375, superseded by Memorandum of President of the United States, §4, Oct. 3, 2008, 73 F.R. 58869.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 20, 2007, 72 F.R. 8085.

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 6, 2011, 76 F.R. 33613.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 16, 2009, 74 F.R. 4101, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, June 6, 2011, 76 F.R. 33613.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 2, 2020, 85 F.R. 19637.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 1, 2013, 78 F.R. 8953, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Apr. 2, 2020, 85 F.R. 19637.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 9, 2008, 73 F.R. 75533, superseded by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Feb. 1, 2013, 78 F.R. 8953.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96337.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 17, 2014, 79 F.R. 63805, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Dec. 23, 2016, 81 F.R. 96337.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 17, 2008, 73 F.R. 62845, revoked by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Oct. 17, 2014, 79 F.R. 63805.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 17, 2006, 71 F.R. 20333, superseded by Memorandum of President of the United States, §3, Oct. 17, 2008, 73 F.R. 62845.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 9, 2008, 73 F.R. 75535.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 31, 2009, 74 F.R. 45533.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 8, 2021, 86 F.R. 2949.

(a) Except in the case of a vacancy caused by sickness, the person serving as an acting officer as described under section 3345 may serve in the office—

(1) for no longer than 210 days beginning on the date the vacancy occurs; or

(2) subject to subsection (b), once a first or second nomination for the office is submitted to the Senate, from the date of such nomination for the period that the nomination is pending in the Senate.

(b)(1) If the first nomination for the office is rejected by the Senate, withdrawn, or returned to the President by the Senate, the person may continue to serve as the acting officer for no more than 210 days after the date of such rejection, withdrawal, or return.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), if a second nomination for the office is submitted to the Senate after the rejection, withdrawal, or return of the first nomination, the person serving as the acting officer may continue to serve—

(A) until the second nomination is confirmed; or

(B) for no more than 210 days after the second nomination is rejected, withdrawn, or returned.

(c) If a vacancy occurs during an adjournment of the Congress sine die, the 210-day period under subsection (a) shall begin on the date that the Senate first reconvenes.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–612.)

A prior section 3346, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426, provided for details to subordinate offices, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, 2681–616, effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998. See section 3345 of this title.

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

(a) Sections 3345 and 3346 are the exclusive means for temporarily authorizing an acting official to perform the functions and duties of any office of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) for which appointment is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, unless—

(1) a statutory provision expressly—

(A) authorizes the President, a court, or the head of an Executive department, to designate an officer or employee to perform the functions and duties of a specified office temporarily in an acting capacity; or

(B) designates an officer or employee to perform the functions and duties of a specified office temporarily in an acting capacity; or

(2) the President makes an appointment to fill a vacancy in such office during the recess of the Senate pursuant to clause 3 of section 2 of article II of the United States Constitution.

(b) Any statutory provision providing general authority to the head of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) to delegate duties statutorily vested in that agency head to, or to reassign duties among, officers or employees of such Executive agency, is not a statutory provision to which subsection (a)(1) applies.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–613; amended Pub. L. 106–31, title V, §5011, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

A prior section 3347, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426, provided for Presidential authority relating to details, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, 2681–616, effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998. See section 3345 of this title.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions of subsec. (a) and in subsec. (b).

**1999**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–31 substituted "subsection (a)(1)" for "subsection (a)(2)".

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

(a) In this section—

(1) the term "action" includes any agency action as defined under section 551(13); and

(2) the term "function or duty" means any function or duty of the applicable office that—

(A)(i) is established by statute; and

(ii) is required by statute to be performed by the applicable officer (and only that officer); or

(B)(i)(I) is established by regulation; and

(II) is required by such regulation to be performed by the applicable officer (and only that officer); and

(ii) includes a function or duty to which clause (i)(I) and (II) applies, and the applicable regulation is in effect at any time during the 180-day period preceding the date on which the vacancy occurs.

(b) Unless an officer or employee is performing the functions and duties in accordance with sections 3345, 3346, and 3347, if an officer of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) whose appointment to office is required to be made by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to perform the functions and duties of the office—

(1) the office shall remain vacant; and

(2) in the case of an office other than the office of the head of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office), only the head of such Executive agency may perform any function or duty of such office.

(c) If the last day of any 210-day period under section 3346 is a day on which the Senate is not in session, the second day the Senate is next in session and receiving nominations shall be deemed to be the last day of such period.

(d)(1) An action taken by any person who is not acting under section 3345, 3346, or 3347, or as provided by subsection (b), in the performance of any function or duty of a vacant office to which this section and sections 3346, 3347, 3349, 3349a, 3349b, and 3349c apply shall have no force or effect.

(2) An action that has no force or effect under paragraph (1) may not be ratified.

(e) This section shall not apply to—

(1) the General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board;

(2) the General Counsel of the Federal Labor Relations Authority;

(3) any Inspector General appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate;

(4) any Chief Financial Officer appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; or

(5) an office of an Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) if a statutory provision expressly prohibits the head of the Executive agency from performing the functions and duties of such office.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–613; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

A prior section 3348, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 100–398, §7(b), Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 988, provided for time limitations relating to details, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, 2681–616, effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998. See section 3346 of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in two places.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

(a) The head of each Executive agency (including the Executive Office of the President, and other than the Government Accountability Office) shall submit to the Comptroller General of the United States and to each House of Congress—

(1) notification of a vacancy in an office to which this section and sections 3345, 3346, 3347, 3348, 3349a, 3349b, 3349c, and 3349d apply and the date such vacancy occurred immediately upon the occurrence of the vacancy;

(2) the name of any person serving in an acting capacity and the date such service began immediately upon the designation;

(3) the name of any person nominated to the Senate to fill the vacancy and the date such nomination is submitted immediately upon the submission of the nomination; and

(4) the date of a rejection, withdrawal, or return of any nomination immediately upon such rejection, withdrawal, or return.

(b) If the Comptroller General of the United States makes a determination that an officer is serving longer than the 210-day period including the applicable exceptions to such period under section 3346 or section 3349a, the Comptroller General shall report such determination immediately to—

(1) the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(2) the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of the House of Representatives;

(3) the Committees on Appropriations of the Senate and House of Representatives;

(4) the appropriate committees of jurisdiction of the Senate and House of Representatives;

(5) the President; and

(6) the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–614; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

A prior section 3349, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426, provided for restrictions relating to details to fill vacancies, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), (d)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–611, 2681–616, effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998. See section 3347 of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

(a) In this section, the term "transitional inauguration day" means the date on which any person swears or affirms the oath of office as President, if such person is not the President on the date preceding the date of swearing or affirming such oath of office.

(b) With respect to any vacancy that exists during the 60-day period beginning on a transitional inauguration day, the 210-day period under section 3346 or 3348 shall be deemed to begin on the later of the date occurring—

(1) 90 days after such transitional inauguration day; or

(2) 90 days after the date on which the vacancy occurs.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–615.)

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

Sections 3345 through 3349a shall not be construed to affect any statute that authorizes a person to continue to serve in any office—

(1) after the expiration of the term for which such person is appointed; and

(2) until a successor is appointed or a specified period of time has expired.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–615.)

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

Sections 3345 through 3349b shall not apply to—

(1) any member who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate to any board, commission, or similar entity that—

(A) is composed of multiple members; and

(B) governs an independent establishment or Government corporation;

(2) any commissioner of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission;

(3) any member of the Surface Transportation Board; or

(4) any judge appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to a court constituted under article I of the United States Constitution.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–615.)

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

(a) The submission to the Senate, during a recess or adjournment of the Senate in excess of 15 days, of a written notification by the President of the President's intention to submit a nomination after the recess or adjournment shall be considered a nomination for purposes of sections 3345 through 3349c if such notification contains the name of the proposed nominee and the office for which the person is nominated.

(b) If the President does not submit a nomination of the person named under subsection (a) within 2 days after the end of such recess or adjournment, effective after such second day the notification considered a nomination under subsection (a) shall be treated as a withdrawn nomination for purposes of sections 3345 through 3349c.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title I, §151(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–615.)

Section effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1998, and applicable to any office that becomes vacant after such effective date, with certain exceptions, see section 151(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 3345 of this title.

If the President fails to make a formal nomination for a vacant inspector general position that requires a formal nomination by the President to be filled within the period beginning on the later of the date on which the vacancy occurred or on which a nomination is rejected, withdrawn, or returned, and ending on the day that is 210 days after that date, the President shall communicate, within 30 days after the end of such period and not later than June 1 of each year thereafter, to the appropriate congressional committees, as defined in section 12 of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) 1—

(1) the reasons why the President has not yet made a formal nomination; and

(2) a target date for making a formal nomination.

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5221(a), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3234.)

Section 12 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, referred to in text, is section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452, which was set out in the Appendix to this title and was repealed and restated as section 401 of this title by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(b), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4207, 4361. For definition of "appropriate congressional committees", see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 401 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LII, §5221(c), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3234, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect—

"(1) on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022] with respect to any vacancy first occurring on or after that date; and

"(2) on the day that is 210 days after the date of enactment of this Act with respect to any vacancy that occurred before the date of enactment of this Act."

1 See References in Text note below.

In determining qualifications of a preference eligible for transfer to another position in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia, the Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency shall waive—

(1) requirements as to age, height, and weight, unless the requirement is essential to the performance of the duties of the position; and

(2) physical requirements if, in the opinion of the Office or other examining agency, after considering the recommendation of an accredited physician, the preference eligible is physically able to perform efficiently the duties of the position.

This section does not apply to an appointment required by Congress to be confirmed by, or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(4), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 854 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to transfer). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §5 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to transfer), 58 Stat. 388. |


The section is restated to conform to section 3312.

The words "in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia" are added on authority of former sections 851, 858, and 869, which are carried into this title. The last sentence is added on authority of former section 869.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183 struck out ", except an appointment made under section 3311 of title 39" after "or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Subject to the provisions of subsections (d) and (e), in filling a position within any Executive agency, the head of such agency may give preference to any employee of such agency, or any other Executive agency, to transfer to a position of the same status and tenure as the position of such employee on the date of applying for a transfer under subsection (b) if—

(1) such employee is otherwise qualified for such position;

(2) such employee is eligible for appointment to such position; and

(3) the Merit Systems Protection Board makes a determination under the provisions of chapter 12 that a prohibited personnel action described under section 2302(b)(8) was taken against such employee.

(b) An employee who meets the conditions described under subsection (a)(1), (2), and (3) may voluntarily apply for a transfer to a position, as described in subsection (a), within the Executive agency employing such employee or any other Executive agency.

(c) If an employee applies for a transfer under the provisions of subsection (b) and the selecting official rejects such application, the selecting official shall provide the employee with a written notification of the reasons for the rejection within 30 days after receiving such application.

(d) An employee whose application for transfer is rejected under the provisions of subsection (c) may request the head of such agency to review the rejection. Such request for review shall be submitted to the head of the agency within 30 days after the employee receives notification under subsection (c). Within 30 days after receiving a request for review, the head of the agency shall complete the review and provide a written statement of findings to the employee and the Merit Systems Protection Board.

(e) The provisions of subsection (a) shall apply with regard to any employee—

(1) for no more than 1 transfer;

(2) for a transfer from or within the agency such employee is employed at the time of a determination by the Merit Systems Protection Board that a prohibited personnel action as described under section 2302(b)(8) was taken against such employee; and

(3) no later than 18 months after such a determination is made by the Merit Systems Protection Board.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), no preference may be given to any employee applying for a transfer under subsection (b), with respect to a preference eligible (as defined under section 2108(3)) applying for the same position.

(Added Pub. L. 101–12, §5(a), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 32.)

Section effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as an Effective Date of 1989 Amendment note under section 1201 of this title.

An individual may be promoted in the competitive service only if he has passed an examination or is specifically excepted from examination under section 3302 of this title. This section does not take from the President any authority conferred by section 3301 of this title that is consistent with the provisions of this title governing the competitive service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 638 (as applicable to promotion). | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §7 (as applicable to promotion), 22 Stat. 406. |


The words "That after the expiration of six months from the passage of this act" are omitted as executed. The words "in the competitive service" are substituted for "in either of the said classes now existing, or that may be arranged hereunder pursuant to said rules" because of the definition of "competitive service" in section 2102. In the second sentence, the words "the provisions of this title governing the competitive service" are substituted for "this act".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An agency, in qualifying and selecting an employee for promotion, shall give due weight to an incentive award under chapter 45 of this title. For the purpose of this section, "agency" and "employee" have the meanings given them by section 4501 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 426.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2123(f). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §304(f), 68 Stat. 1113. |


The word "incentive" is added for clarification. The second sentence is added on authority of former section 2122, which is carried into section 4501.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

In determining qualifications of a preference eligible for promotion to another position in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia, the Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency shall waive—

(1) requirements as to age, height, and weight, unless the requirement is essential to the performance of the duties of the position; and

(2) physical requirements if, in the opinion of the Office or other examining agency, after considering the recommendation of an accredited physician, the preference eligible is physically able to perform efficiently the duties of the position.

This section does not apply to an appointment required by Congress to be confirmed by, or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 427; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(5), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 854 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to promotion). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §5 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to promotion), 58 Stat. 388. |


The section is restated to conform to section 3312.

The words "in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia" are added on authority of former sections 851, 858, and 869, which are carried into this title. The last sentence is added on authority of former section 869.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183 struck out ", except an appointment made under section 3311 of title 39" after "or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 427, related to promotion to regular force of substitute employees in postal field service.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "State" means—

(A) a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and a territory or possession of the United States; and

(B) an instrumentality or authority of a State or States as defined in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph (1) and a Federal-State authority or instrumentality;

(2) "local government" means—

(A) any political subdivision, instrumentality, or authority of a State or States as defined in subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1);

(B) any general or special purpose agency of such a political subdivision, instrumentality, or authority; and

(C) any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community, including any Alaska Native village as defined in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (85 Stat. 688), which is recognized as eligible for the special programs and services provided by the United States to Indians because of their status as Indians and includes any tribal organization as defined in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act;

(3) "Federal agency" means an Executive agency, military department, a court of the United States, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Library of Congress, the Botanic Garden, the Government Publishing Office, the Congressional Budget Office, the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the Office of Technology Assessment, and such other similar agencies of the legislative and judicial branches as determined appropriate by the Office of Personnel Management; and

(4) "other organization" means—

(A) a national, regional, State-wide, area-wide, or metropolitan organization representing member State or local governments;

(B) an association of State or local public officials;

(C) a nonprofit organization which has as one of its principal functions the offering of professional advisory, research, educational, or development services, or related services, to governments or universities concerned with public management; or

(D) a federally funded research and development center.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1920; amended Pub. L. 93–638, title I, §104(a), formerly §105(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2208, renumbered §104(a), Pub. L. 100–472, title II, §203(a), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §603(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1189; Pub. L. 100–472, title II, §203(b), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 101–301, §2(c), May 24, 1990, 104 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1068(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2852; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, referred to in par. (2)(C), is Pub. L. 92–203, Dec. 18, 1971, 85 Stat. 688, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1601 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1601 of Title 43 and Tables.

Section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in par. (2)(C), is classified to section 5304 of Title 25, Indians.

**2006**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**1994**—Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 103–337 added subpar. (D).

**1990**—Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 101–301 substituted "section 4" for "section 4(m)".

**1988**—Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 100–472, §203(b), amended Pub. L. 93–638, by substituting "section 4(m)" for "section 4(c)" in the provision it added as par. (2)(C) of this section. See 1975 Amendment note below.

**1978**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(a)(1), inserted reference to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Pars. (3), (4). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(a)(2), added pars. (3) and (4).

**1975**—Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 93–638, as amended by Pub. L. 100–472, §203(b), added par. (2)(C).

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (3) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §404, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1925, provided that: "This title [enacting this subchapter and repealing sections 1881 to 1888 of Title 7, Agriculture, section 869b of Title 20, Education, and section 246(f) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, (less applicability to commissioned officers of the Public Health Service)] shall become effective sixty days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 1971]."

Pub. L. 108–196, §3, Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2896, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'employing agency' means the Federal, State, or local government agency with which the participating employee was employed before an assignment under the Program;

"(2) the term 'participating employee' means an employee who is participating in the Program; and

"(3) the term 'Program' means the employee exchange program established under subsection (b).

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) has been employed by that employing agency for a period of more than 3 years;

"(2) has had appropriate training or experience to perform the work required by the assignment;

"(3) has had an overall rating of satisfactory or higher on performance appraisals from the employing agency during the 3-year period before being assigned to another agency under this section; and

"(4) agrees to return to the employing agency after completing the assignment for a period not less than the length of the assignment.

"(e)

Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §401, Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1920, as amended by Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §602(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1189, provided that: "The purpose of this title [see Effective Date note above] is to provide for the temporary assignment of personnel between the Federal Government and State and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other organizations."

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

(a) On request from or with the concurrence of a State or local government, and with the consent of the employee concerned, the head of a Federal agency may arrange for the assignment of—

(1) an employee of his agency, other than a noncareer appointee, limited term appointee, or limited emergency appointee (as such terms are defined in section 3132(a) of this title) in the Senior Executive Service and an employee in a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character, to a State or local government; and

(2) an employee of a State or local government to his agency;

for work of mutual concern to his agency and the State or local government that he determines will be beneficial to both. The period of an assignment under this subchapter may not exceed two years. However, the head of a Federal agency may extend the period of assignment for not more than two additional years. In the case of assignments made to Indian tribes or tribal organizations as defined in section 3371(2)(C) of this subchapter, the head of an executive agency may extend the period of assignment for any period of time where it is determined that this will continue to benefit both the executive agency and the Indian tribe or tribal organization. If the assigned employee fails to complete the period of assignment and there is another employee willing and available to do so, the Secretary may assign the employee to complete the period of assignment and may execute an agreement with the tribal organization with respect to the replacement employee. That agreement may provide for a different period of assignment as may be agreed to by the Secretary and the tribal organization.

(b) This subchapter is authority for and applies to the assignment of—

(1) an employee of a Federal agency to an institution of higher education;

(2) an employee of an institution of higher education to a Federal agency;

(3) an employee of a Federal agency to any other organization; and

(4) an employee of an other organization to a Federal agency.

(c)(1) An employee of a Federal agency may be assigned under this subchapter only if the employee agrees, as a condition of accepting an assignment under this subchapter, to serve in the civil service upon the completion of the assignment for a period equal to the length of the assignment.

(2) Each agreement required under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall provide that in the event the employee fails to carry out the agreement (except for good and sufficient reason, as determined by the head of the Federal agency from which assigned) the employee shall be liable to the United States for payment of all expenses (excluding salary) of the assignment. The amount shall be treated as a debt due the United States.

(d) Where the employee is assigned to a tribal organization, the employee shall be eligible for promotions, periodic step-increases, and additional step-increases, as defined in chapter 53 of this title, on the same basis as other Federal employees.

(e) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 3376 of this title—

(1) an assignment of an employee of a Federal agency to an other organization or an institution of higher education, and an employee so assigned, shall be treated in the same way as an assignment of an employee of a Federal agency to a State or local government, and an employee so assigned, is treated under the provisions of this subchapter governing an assignment of an employee of a Federal agency to a State or local government, except that the rate of pay of an employee assigned to a federally funded research and development center may not exceed the rate of pay that such employee would be paid for continued service in the position in the Federal agency from which assigned; and

(2) an assignment of an employee of an other organization or an institution of higher education to a Federal agency, and an employee so assigned, shall be treated in the same way as an assignment of an employee of a State or local government to a Federal agency, and an employee so assigned, is treated under the provisions of this subchapter governing an assignment of an employee of a State or local government to a Federal agency.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1921; amended Pub. L. 93–638, title I, §104(k), (l), as added Pub. L. 100–472, title II, §203(f), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §603(b), (c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1190; Pub. L. 98–146, title II, Nov. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 946; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(A), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1068(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2852.)

**1994**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–337 added subsec. (e).

**1993**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–89 substituted "and additional step-increases, as defined in chapter 53" for "additional step-increases, merit pay, and cash awards, as defined in chapters 53 and 54".

**1988**—Subsecs. (a), (d). Pub. L. 100–472 added Pub. L. 93–638, §104(k), (l). See 1975 Amendment note below.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–146 inserted sentence providing that, in the case of assignments made to Indian tribes or tribal organizations as defined in section 3371(2)(C) of this title, the head of an executive agency may extend the period of assignment for any period of time where it is determined that this will continue to benefit both the executive agency and the Indian tribe or tribal organization.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), (c)(1), substituted "a Federal" for "an executive" wherever appearing, and in cl. (1) inserted provisions relating to a noncareer appointee, limited term appointee, or limited emergency appointee, and an employee excepted from the competitive service.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), (c)(2)–(4), in cls. (1) and (2) substituted "a Federal" for "an executive", and added cls. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(c)(5), added subsec. (c).

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–638, §104(k), as added by Pub. L. 100–472, inserted at end "If the assigned employee fails to complete the period of assignment and there is another employee willing and available to do so, the Secretary may assign the employee to complete the period of assignment and may execute an agreement with the tribal organization with respect to the replacement employee. That agreement may provide for a different period of assignment as may be agreed to by the Secretary and the tribal organization."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–638, §104(l), as added by Pub. L. 100–472, added subsec. (d).

Pub. L. 103–89, §3(c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 983, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 4501, 4502, 5302, 5332, 5334 to 5336, 5361 to 5363, 5948, and 8473 of this title, sections 1602, 1732, and 1733 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 731 of Title 31, Money and Finance, repealing sections 4302a and 5401 to 5410 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5304 of this title] shall take effect as of November 1, 1993."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as a note under section 3371 of this title.

(a) An employee of a Federal agency assigned to a State or local government under this subchapter is deemed, during the assignment, to be either—

(1) on detail to a regular work assignment in his agency; or

(2) on leave without pay from his position in the agency.

An employee assigned either on detail or on leave without pay remains an employee of his agency. The Federal Tort Claims Act and any other Federal tort liability statute apply to an employee so assigned. The supervision of the duties of an employee on detail may be governed by agreement between the Federal agency and the State or local government concerned.

(b) The assignment of an employee of a Federal agency either on detail or on leave without pay to a State or local government under this subchapter may be made with or without reimbursement by the State or local government for the travel and transportation expenses to or from the place of assignment and for the pay, or supplemental pay, or a part thereof, of the employee during assignment. Any reimbursements shall be credited to the appropriation of the Federal agency used for paying the travel and transportation expenses or pay.

(c) For any employee so assigned and on leave without pay—

(1) if the rate of pay for his employment by the State or local government is less than the rate of pay he would have received had he continued in his regular assignment in the agency, he is entitled to receive supplemental pay from the agency in an amount equal to the difference between the State or local government rate and the agency rate;

(2) he is entitled to annual and sick leave to the same extent as if he had continued in his regular assignment in the agency; and

(3) he is entitled, notwithstanding other statutes—

(A) to continuation of his insurance under chapter 87 of this title, and coverage under chapter 89 of this title or other applicable authority, so long as he pays currently into the Employee's Life Insurance Fund and the Employee's Health Benefits Fund or other applicable health benefits system (through his employing agency) the amount of the employee contributions;

(B) to credit the period of his assignment under this subchapter toward periodic step-increases, retention, and leave accrual purposes, and, on payment into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund or other applicable retirement system of the percentage of his State or local government pay, and of his supplemental pay, if any, that would have been deducted from a like agency pay for the period of the assignment and payment by the Federal agency into the fund or system of the amount that would have been payable by the agency during the period of the assignment with respect to a like agency pay, to treat his service during that period as service of the type performed in the agency immediately before his assignment; and

(C) for the purpose of subchapter I of chapter 85 of this title, to credit the service performed during the period of his assignment under this subchapter as Federal service, and to consider his State or local government pay (and his supplemental pay, if any) as Federal wages. To the extent that the service could also be the basis for entitlement to unemployment compensation under a State law, the employee may elect to claim unemployment compensation on the basis of the service under either the State law or subchapter I of chapter 85 of this title.

However, an employee or his beneficiary may not receive benefits referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph (3), based on service during an assignment under this subchapter for which the employee or, if he dies without making such an election, his beneficiary elects to receive benefits, under any State or local government retirement or insurance law or program, which the Office of Personnel Management determines to be similar. The Federal agency shall deposit currently in the Employee's Life Insurance Fund, the Employee's Health Benefits Fund or other applicable health benefits system, respectively, the amount of the Government's contributions on account of service with respect to which employee contributions are collected as provided in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph (3).

(d)(1) An employee so assigned and on leave without pay who dies or suffers disability as a result of personal injury sustained while in the performance of his duty during an assignment under this subchapter shall be treated, for the purpose of subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, as though he were an employee as defined by section 8101 of this title who had sustained the injury in the performance of duty. When an employee (or his dependents in case of death) entitled by reason of injury or death to benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title is also entitled to benefits from a State or local government for the same injury or death, he (or his dependents in case of death) shall elect which benefits he will receive. The election shall be made within one year after the injury or death, or such further time as the Secretary of Labor may allow for reasonable cause shown. When made, the election is irrevocable unless otherwise provided by law.

(2) An employee who elects to receive benefits from a State or local government may not receive an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title and benefits from the State or local government for injury or disability to himself covering the same period of time. This provision does not—

(A) bar the right of a claimant to the greater benefit conferred by either the State or local government or subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title for any part of the same period of time;

(B) deny to an employee an annuity accruing to him under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title on account of service performed by him; or

(C) deny any concurrent benefit to him from the State or local government on account of the death of another individual.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1921; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §603(b), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1190, 1224; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(14), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347.)

The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (§§921, 922, 931–934, 941–946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substantially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "or local" for "and local" in section catchline.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "a Federal" for "an executive" and "Federal agency" for "executive agency".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §§603(b), 906(a)(2), substituted "Federal agency" for "executive agency" wherever appearing, and "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as a note under section 3371 of this title.

(a) An employee of a State or local government who is assigned to a Federal agency under an arrangement under this subchapter may—

(1) be appointed in the Federal agency without regard to the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service for the agreed period of the assignment; or

(2) be deemed on detail to the Federal agency.

(b) An employee given an appointment is entitled to pay in accordance with chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title or other applicable law, and is deemed an employee of the Federal agency for all purposes except—

(1) subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title or other applicable retirement system;

(2) chapter 87 of this title; and

(3) chapter 89 of this title or other applicable health benefits system unless his appointment results in the loss of coverage in a group health benefits plan the premium of which has been paid in whole or in part by a State or local government contribution.

The above exceptions shall not apply to non-Federal employees who are covered by chapters 83, 87, and 89 of this title by virtue of their non-Federal employment immediately before assignment and appointment under this section.

(c) During the period of assignment, a State or local government employee on detail to a Federal agency—

(1) is not entitled to pay from the agency, except to the extent that the pay received from the State or local government is less than the appropriate rate of pay which the duties would warrant under the applicable pay provisions of this title or other applicable authority;

(2) is deemed an employee of the agency for the purpose of chapter 73 of this title, chapter 131 of this title, chapter 21 of title 41, sections 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 602, 603, 606, 607, 643, 654, 1905, and 1913 of title 18, sections 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of title 31, and the Federal Tort Claims Act and any other Federal tort liability statute; and

(3) is subject to such regulations as the President may prescribe.

The supervision of the duties of such an employee may be governed by agreement between the Federal agency and the State or local government concerned. A detail of a State or local government employee to a Federal agency may be made with or without reimbursement by the Federal agency for the pay, or a part thereof, of the employee during the period of assignment, or for the contribution of the State or local government, or a part thereof, to employee benefit systems.

(d) A State or local government employee who is given an appointment in a Federal agency for the period of the assignment or who is on detail to a Federal agency and who suffers disability or dies as a result of personal injury sustained while in the performance of his duty during the assignment shall be treated, for the purpose of subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, as though he were an employee as defined by section 8101 of this title who had sustained the injury in the performance of duty. When an employee (or his dependents in case of death) entitled by reason of injury or death to benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title is also entitled to benefits from a State or local government for the same injury or death, he (or his dependents in case of death) shall elect which benefits he will receive. The election shall be made within 1 year after the injury or death, or such further time as the Secretary of Labor may allow for reasonable cause shown. When made, the election is irrevocable unless otherwise provided by law.

(e) If a State or local government fails to continue the employer's contribution to State or local government retirement, life insurance, and health benefit plans for a State or local government employee who is given an appointment in a Federal agency, the employer's contributions covering the State or local government employee's period of assignment, or any part thereof, may be made from the appropriations of the Federal agency concerned.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1923; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §603(b), (d), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1190; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(6), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1117, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1241; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(5), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(6), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354.)

The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (§§921, 922, 931–934, 941–946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substantially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28.

**2022**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 131 of this title," for "the Ethics in Government Act of 1978,".

**2011**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "chapter 21 of title 41" for "section 27 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act".

**2001**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 107–107 inserted "the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, section 27 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act," after "chapter 73 of this title,".

**1982**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "sections 1343, 1344, and 1349(b)" for "section 638a".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "a Federal" for "an executive", and "Federal agency" for "executive agency" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), (d)(1), inserted provisions relating to nonapplicability of exceptions to non-Federal employees, and substituted "Federal" for "executive".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), (d)(2), (3), inserted provisions relating to pay received from the State or local government at less than the appropriate rate of pay, and provisions relating to contributions to employee benefit systems, and substituted "a Federal" for "an executive" and "Federal agency" for "executive agency" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "a Federal" for "an executive" in two places.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "a Federal" for "an executive" and "Federal" for "executive".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as a note under section 3371 of this title.

(a) Appropriations of a Federal agency are available to pay, or reimburse, a Federal or State or local government employee in accordance with—

(1) subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title, for the expenses of—

(A) travel, including a per diem allowance, to and from the assignment location;

(B) a per diem allowance at the assignment location during the period of the assignment; and

(C) travel, including a per diem allowance, while traveling on official business away from his designated post of duty during the assignment when the head of the Federal agency considers the travel in the interest of the United States;

(2) section 5724 of this title, for the expenses of transportation of his immediate family and of his household goods and personal effects to and from the assignment location;

(3) section 5724a(a) of this title, for the expenses of per diem allowances for the immediate family of the employee to and from the assignment location;

(4) section 5724a(c) of this title, for subsistence expenses of the employee and his immediate family while occupying temporary quarters at the assignment location and on return to his former post of duty;

(5) section 5724a(g) of this title, to be used by the employee for miscellaneous expenses related to change of station where movement or storage of household goods is involved; and

(6) section 5726(c) of this title, for the expenses of nontemporary storage of household goods and personal effects in connection with assignment at an isolated location.

(b) Expenses specified in subsection (a) of this section, other than those in paragraph (1)(C), may not be allowed in connection with the assignment of a Federal or State or local government employee under this subchapter, unless and until the employee agrees in writing to complete the entire period of his assignment or one year, whichever is shorter, unless separated or reassigned for reasons beyond his control that are acceptable to the Federal agency concerned. If the employee violates the agreement, the money spent by the United States for these expenses is recoverable from the employee as a debt due the United States. The head of the Federal agency concerned may waive in whole or in part a right of recovery under this subsection with respect to a State or local government employee on assignment with the agency.

(c) Appropriations of a Federal agency are available to pay expenses under section 5742 of this title with respect to a Federal or State or local government employee assigned under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1924; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §603(b), (e), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1190, 1191; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(a)(1)(A), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2758.)

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted "section 5724a(a)" for "section 5724a(a)(1)".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(a)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "section 5724a(c)" for "section 5724a(a)(3)".

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(a)(1)(A)(iii), substituted "section 5724a(g)" for "section 5724a(b)".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), (e), substituted "a Federal agency" for "an executive agency" in introductory text, substituted "Federal" for "executive" in cl. (1), added cl. (5), and redesignated former cl. (5) as (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "the Federal" for "the executive".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §603(b), substituted "a Federal agency" for "an executive agency".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as a note under section 3371 of this title.

The President may prescribe regulations for the administration of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 91–648, title IV, §402(a), Jan. 5, 1971, 84 Stat. 1925.)

Section effective sixty days after Jan. 5, 1971, see section 404 of Pub. L. 91–648, set out as a note under section 3371 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11589, Apr. 1, 1971, 36 F.R. 6343, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

(a) The authority of the President under section 3376 of title 5 of the United States Code [this section] to prescribe regulations for the administration of subchapter VI, "Assignments to and from States," of chapter 33 of that title [this chapter].

(b) The authority of the President under section 205 (a)(4) of the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950, as amended ([former] 50 U.S.C. App. 2286(a)(4)), and as affected by Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958 (72 Stat. 1799) [set out in the Appendix to this title], relating to the establishment and maintenance of personnel standards on the merit basis.

(a) An air traffic controller with 5 years of service as a controller who is to be removed as a controller because the Secretary has determined—

(1) he is medically disqualified for duties as a controller;

(2) he is unable to maintain technical proficiency as a controller; or

(3) such removal is necessary for the preservation of the physical or mental health of the controller;

is entitled to not more than the full-time equivalent of 2 years of training.

(b) During a period of training under this section, a controller shall be—

(1) retained at his last assigned grade and rate of basic pay as a controller;

(2) entitled to each increase in rate of basic pay provided under law; and

(3) excluded from staffing limitations otherwise applicable.

(c) Upon completion of training under this section, a controller may be—

(1) assigned to other duties in the Executive agency in which the controller is employed;

(2) released for transfer to another Executive agency; or

(3) involuntarily separated from the service.

The involuntary separation of a controller under this subsection is not a removal for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency for purposes of section 5595 or section 8336 of this title.

(d) The Secretary, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31, may pay, or reimburse a controller for, all or part of the necessary expenses of training provided under this section, including expenses authorized to be paid under chapter 41 and subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title, and the costs of other services or facilities directly related to the training of a controller.

(e) Except as provided by subsection (d) of this section, the provisions of chapter 41 of this title, other than sections 4105, 4107(a) and (b),1 and 4111, shall not apply to training under this section.

(f) The provisions of this section shall not otherwise affect the authority of the Secretary to provide training under chapter 41 of this title or under any other provision of law.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §3(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 142; amended Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), (c)(1), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(7), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(b)(1), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112.)

For definition of Secretary, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 2109 of this title.

Subsecs. (a) and (b) of section 4107 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e), were struck out, and subsecs. (c) and (d) of section 4107 were redesignated (a) and (b), respectively, by Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5)(B), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112. Subsequently, section 4107 was amended generally by Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1331(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2298.

**1994**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–226 substituted "4105," for "4105(a),".

**1982**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3324(a) and (b)" for "section 529".

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 96–347, §1(c)(1), substituted "in the Executive agency in which the controller is employed" for "in the Department of Transportation".

Pub. L. 103–226, §2(c), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 4101, 4103, 4105, 4107, 4108, 4113, and 4118 of this title and repealing sections 4106 and 4114 of this title] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 30, 1994]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Pub. L. 92–297, §10, May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 145, provided that: "This Act [enacting this subchapter and section 2109 of this title, amending sections 3307, 8332, 8334 to 8336, 8339, 8341, 8344 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8335 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 3307 of this title] shall become effective at the beginning of the ninetieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [May 16, 1972]."

Pub. L. 92–297, §9, May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 145, directed the Secretary of Transportation to report to Congress no later than 5 years after May 16, 1972, concerning his operations under the amendments made by Pub. L. 92–297, including a detailed statement of the effectiveness of Pub. L. 92–297 in meeting the needs of the Air Traffic Controller career program and of the air traffic control system plus recommendations for the management of the program or the system.

1 See References in Text note below.

An air traffic controller who is eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336 of this title may be separated involuntarily from the service if the Secretary determines that the separation of the controller is necessary in the interest of—

(1) aviation safety;

(2) the efficient control of air traffic; or

(3) the preservation of the physical or mental health of the controller.

Chapter 75 of this title does not apply to a determination or action under this section. Separation under this section shall not become final, without the consent of the controller, until the last day of the second month following the day the controller receives a notification of the determination by the Secretary under this section, or, if a review is requested under section 3383 of this title, the last day of the month in which a final decision is issued by a board of review under section 3383(c) of this title, whichever is later. A controller who is to be separated under this section is entitled to training under section 3381 of this title. Separation of such a controller who elects to receive training under section 3381 shall not become final until the last day of the month following the completion of his training.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §3(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 142; amended Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150.)

For definition of Secretary, referred to in text, see section 2109 of this title.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–347 in provisions preceding par. (1) substituted "Secretary determines" for "Secretary of Transportation determines".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Section effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as a note under section 3381 of this title.

(a) An air traffic controller subject to a determination by the Secretary under section 3381(a) or section 3382 of this title, shall be furnished a written notice of the determination and the reasons therefor, and a notification that the controller has 15 days after the receipt of the notification within which to file a written request for reconsideration of the determination. Unless the controller files such a request within the 15 days, or unless the determination is rescinded by the Secretary within the 15 days, the determination shall be final.

(b) If the Secretary does not rescind his determination within 15 days after his receipt of the written request filed by the controller under subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall immediately convene a board of review, consisting of—

(1) a person designated by the controller;

(2) a representative of the Executive agency in which the controller is employed designated by the Secretary; and

(3) a representative of the Merit Systems Protection Board, designated by the Chairman, who shall serve as chairman of the board of review.

(c) The board of review shall review evidence supporting and inconsistent with the determination of the Secretary and, within a period of 30 days after being convened, shall issue its findings and furnish copies thereof to the Secretary and the controller. The board may approve or rescind the determination of the Secretary. A decision by the board under this subsection is final. The Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to carry out the decision of the board.

(d) Except as provided under section 3382 of this title, the review procedure of this section is in addition to any other review or appeal procedures provided under any other provision of law, but is the sole and exclusive administrative remedy available to a controller within the Executive agency in which such controller is employed.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §3(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 143; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(6), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), (c)(2), (3), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150.)

For definition of Secretary, referred to in text, see section 2109 of this title.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), substituted "Secretary under" for "Secretary of Transportation under".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 96–347, §1(c)(2), substituted "the Executive agency in which the controller is employed" for "the Department of Transportation".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–347, §1(c)(3), substituted "within the Executive agency in which such controller is employed" for "within the Department of Transportation".

**1978**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as a note under section 3381 of this title.

The Secretary is authorized to issue regulations to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §3(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 143; amended Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150.)

For definition of Secretary, referred to in text, see section 2109 of this title.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–347 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Section effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as a note under section 3381 of this title.

This subchapter shall not limit the authority of the Secretary to reassign temporarily an air traffic controller to other duties with or without notice, in the interest of the safe or efficient separation and control of air traffic or the physical or mental health of a controller; or to reassign permanently or separate a controller under any other provision of law.

(Added Pub. L. 92–297, §3(a), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 143; amended Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150.)

For definition of Secretary, referred to in text, see section 2109 of this title.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–347 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Section effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as a note under section 3381 of this title.

A prior subchapter VIII, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1056, which related to part-time career employment opportunities, was redesignated as chapter 34 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(A), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency", "Senior Executive Service position", "senior executive", "career appointee", "limited term appointee", "limited emergency appointee", "noncareer appointee", and "general position" have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1161.)

A prior section 3391, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1056, which related to definitions for part-time career employment opportunities, was renumbered as section 3401 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Qualification standards shall be established by the head of each agency for each Senior Executive Service position in the agency—

(1) in accordance with requirements established by the Office of Personnel Management, with respect to standards for career reserved positions, and

(2) after consultation with the Office, with respect to standards for general positions.

(b) Not more than 30 percent of the Senior Executive Service positions authorized under section 3133 of this title may at any time be filled by individuals who did not have 5 years of current continuous service in the civil service immediately preceding their initial appointment to the Senior Executive Service, unless the President certifies to the Congress that the limitation would hinder the efficiency of the Government. In applying the preceding sentence, any break in service of 3 days or less shall be disregarded.

(c)(1) If a career appointee is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to a civilian position in the executive branch which is not in the Senior Executive Service, and the rate of basic pay payable for which is equal to or greater than the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule, the career appointee may elect (at such time and in such manner as the Office may prescribe) to continue to have the provisions of this title relating to basic pay, performance awards, awarding of ranks, severance pay, leave, and retirement apply as if the career appointee remained in the Senior Executive Service position from which he was appointed. Such provisions shall apply in lieu of the provisions which would otherwise apply—

(A) to the extent provided under regulations prescribed by the Office, and

(B) so long as the appointee continues to serve under such Presidential appointment.

(2) An election under paragraph (1) may also be made by any career appointee who is appointed to a civilian position in the executive branch—

(A) which is not in the Senior Executive Service; and

(B) which is covered by the Executive Schedule, or the rate of basic pay for which is fixed by statute at a rate equal to 1 of the levels of the Executive Schedule.

An election under this paragraph shall remain effective so long as the appointee continues to serve in the same position.

(d) Appointment or removal of a person to or from any Senior Executive Service position in an independent regulatory commission shall not be subject, directly or indirectly, to review or approval by any officer or entity within the Executive Office of the President.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1161; amended Pub. L. 101–335, §7(a), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 325.)

The Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c), is set out as section 5311 et seq. of this title.

A prior section 3392, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1056, which related to the establishment of part-time career employment programs, was renumbered as section 3402 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

**1990**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–335 designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 101–335, §7(b)(1), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 325, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990]."

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–335, §7(b)(2), (3), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 325, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §7(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, provided that:

"(2)

"(A) on the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990], is serving in a civilian position in the executive branch which—

"(i) is not in the Senior Executive Service; and

"(ii) satisfies section 3392(c)(2)(B) of such title 5 (as so amended);

"(B) was appointed to that position on or after November 1, 1986, and has served continuously in such position since then;

"(C) was a career appointee (within the meaning of section 3132(a)(4) of such title 5) immediately before having been so appointed; and

"(D) was not, based on such individual's appointment to the position described in subparagraph (A), eligible to make an election under section 3392(c) of such title 5 (as then in effect).

An election under this paragraph shall be effective as of the date of appointment to the position described in subparagraph (A).

"(3)

[Pub. L. 102–378, §7(b), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting section 7(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out above] shall be effective as if enacted as a part of section 7 of the Thrift Savings Plan Technical Amendments Act of 1990 [Pub. L. 101–335]."]

(a) Each agency shall establish a recruitment program, in accordance with guidelines which shall be issued by the Office of Personnel Management, which provides for recruitment of career appointees from—

(1) all groups of qualified individuals within the civil service; or

(2) all groups of qualified individuals whether or not within the civil service.

(b) Each agency shall establish one or more executive resources boards, as appropriate, the members of which shall be appointed by the head of the agency from among employees of the agency or commissioned officers of the uniformed services serving on active duty in such agency. The boards shall, in accordance with merit staffing requirements established by the Office, conduct the merit staffing process for career appointees, including—

(1) reviewing the executive qualifications of each candidate for a position to be filled by a career appointee; and

(2) making written recommendations to the appropriate appointing authority concerning such candidates.

(c)(1) The Office shall establish one or more qualifications review boards, as appropriate. It is the function of the boards to certify the executive qualifications of candidates for initial appointment as career appointees in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office. Of the members of each board more than one-half shall be appointed from among career appointees. Appointments to such boards shall be made on a non-partisan basis, the sole selection criterion being the professional knowledge of public management and knowledge of the appropriate occupational fields of the intended appointee.

(2) The Office shall, in consultation with the various qualification review boards, prescribe criteria for establishing executive qualifications for appointment of career appointees. The criteria shall provide for—

(A) consideration of demonstrated executive experience;

(B) consideration of successful participation in a career executive development program which is approved by the Office; and

(C) sufficient flexibility to allow for the appointment of individuals who have special or unique qualities which indicate a likelihood of executive success and who would not otherwise be eligible for appointment.

(d) An individual's initial appointment as a career appointee shall become final only after the individual has served a 1-year probationary period as a career appointee.

(e) Each career appointee shall meet the executive qualifications of the position to which appointed, as determined in writing by the appointing authority.

(f) The title of each career reserved position shall be published in the Federal Register.

(g) A career appointee may not be removed from the Senior Executive Service or civil service except in accordance with the applicable provisions of sections 1215,,1 3592, 3595, 7532, or 7543 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1161; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §306(b)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3220; Pub. L. 101–12, §9(b), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(2), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 101–280, §6(d)(1), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1105(c)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2)(B), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1950.)

A prior section 3393, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, which related to limitations concerning part-time career employment opportunities, was renumbered as section 3403 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

**2021**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out at end "The preceding sentence shall not apply to any individual covered by section 1599e of title 10."

**2015**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–92 inserted at end "The preceding sentence shall not apply to any individual covered by section 1599e of title 10."

**2002**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 107–296 struck out "3393a" after "1215,".

**1990**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–280 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 101–194, see 1989 Amendment below.

**1989**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–194, as amended by Pub. L. 101–280, inserted "3393a," after "1215,".

Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "1215" for "1207".

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted provision referring to commissioned officers of the uniformed services serving on active duty in such agency in provisions preceding par. (1).

**1981**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–35 added subsec. (g).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applied as if effective Dec. 31, 2022, to correspond to the effective date of the repeal of section 1599e of Title 10, Armed Forces, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective Date of Repeal note under section 1599e of Title 10.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §307, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3220, provided that: "The amendments made by this title [enacting section 3595a of this title, amending this section and sections 3135, 3593 to 3595, 4312, 5383, and 5384 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3131 of this title] shall be effective following the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1984], except that the amendments made by section 304 [amending sections 3395, 3595, 7543, and 8336 of this title] shall be effective as of such date of enactment."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective June 1, 1981, with certain exceptions and conditions, see section 1704(e) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3595 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1109, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2010, as amended by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1118, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3897; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1118, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 433, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) a description of the qualifications of the individuals appointed; and

"(B) data on the time required to appoint the individuals.

"(2)

"(A) The number and type of appointments made under this section during the one-year period ending on the date of the report.

"(B) Data on and an assessment whether appointments under the authority in this section reduced the time to hire when compared with the time to hire under the current review system of the Office of Personnel Management.

"(C) An assessment of the utility of the appointment authority and process under this section.

"(D) An assessment whether the appointments made under this section resulted in higher quality new executives for the Senior Executive Service of the Department when compared with the executives produced under the current review system of the Office of Personnel Management.

"(E) Any recommendation for the improvement of the selection and qualification process for the Senior Executive Service of the Department that the Secretary considers necessary in order to attract and hire highly qualified candidates for service in that Senior Executive Service.

"(3)

"(A) The number and type of appointments made under this section between August 13, 2018, and the date of the report.

"(B) Data on and an assessment of whether appointments under the authority in this section reduced the time to hire when compared with the time to hire under the review system of the Office of Personnel Management in use as of the date of the report.

"(C) An assessment of the utility of the appointment authority and process under this section.

"(D) An assessment of whether the appointments made under this section resulted in higher quality new executives for the Senior Executive Service of the Department when compared with the executives produced in the Department under the review system in use between August 13, 2013, and August 13, 2018.

"(E) Any recommendation for the improvement of the selection and qualification process for the Senior Executive Service of the Department that the Secretary considers necessary in order to attract and hire highly qualified candidates for service in that Senior Executive Service.

"(4)

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

"(B) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives; and

"(C) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

"(e)

Section, added Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(a)(1), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1756, related to recertification of career appointees.

Repeal effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

(a) Each noncareer appointee, limited term appointee, and limited emergency appointee shall meet the qualifications of the position to which appointed, as determined in writing by the appointing authority.

(b) An individual may not be appointed as a limited term appointee or as a limited emergency appointee without the prior approval of the exercise of such appointing authority by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1162.)

A prior section 3394, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, which related to personnel ceilings, was renumbered as section 3404 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a)(1) A career appointee in an agency—

(A) may, subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, be reassigned to any Senior Executive Service position in the same agency for which the appointee is qualified; and

(B) may transfer to a Senior Executive Service position in another agency for which the appointee is qualified, with the approval of the agency to which the appointee transfers.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, a career appointee may be reassigned to any Senior Executive Service position only if the career appointee receives written notice of the reassignment at least 15 days before the effective date of such reassignment.

(B)(i) A career appointee may not be reassigned to a Senior Executive Service position outside the career appointee's commuting area unless—

(I) before providing notice under subclause (II) of this clause (or seeking or obtaining the consent of the career appointee under clause (ii) of this subparagraph to waive such notice), the agency consults with the career appointee on the reasons for, and the appointee's preferences with respect to, the proposed reassignment; and

(II) the career appointee receives written notice of the reassignment, including a statement of the reasons for the reassignment, at least 60 days before the effective date of the reassignment.

(ii) Notice of reassignment under clause (i)(II) of this subparagraph may be waived with the written consent of the career appointee involved.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding section 3394(b) of this title, a limited emergency appointee may be reassigned to another Senior Executive Service position in the same agency established to meet a bona fide, unanticipated, urgent need, except that the appointee may not serve in one or more positions in such agency under such appointment in excess of 18 months.

(2) Notwithstanding section 3394(b) of this title, a limited term appointee may be reassigned to another Senior Executive Service position in the same agency the duties of which will expire at the end of a term of 3 years or less, except that the appointee may not serve in one or more positions in the agency under such appointment in excess of 3 years.

(c) A limited term appointee or a limited emergency appointee may not be appointed to, or continue to hold, a position under such an appointment if, within the preceding 48 months, the individual has served more than 36 months, in the aggregate, under any combination of such types of appointment.

(d) A noncareer appointee in an agency—

(1) may be reassigned to any general position in the agency for which the appointee is qualified; and

(2) may transfer to a general position in another agency with the approval of the agency to which the appointee transfers.

(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a career appointee in an agency may not be involuntarily reassigned—

(A) within 120 days after an appointment of the head of the agency; or

(B) within 120 days after the appointment in the agency of the career appointee's most immediate supervisor who—

(i) is a noncareer appointee; and

(ii) has the authority to make an initial appraisal of the career appointee's performance under subchapter II of chapter 43.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply with respect to—

(A) any reassignment under section 4314(b)(3) of this title; or

(B) any disciplinary action initiated before an appointment referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) For the purpose of applying paragraph (1) to a career appointee, any days (not to exceed a total of 60) during which such career appointee is serving pursuant to a detail or other temporary assignment apart from such appointee's regular position shall not be counted in determining the number of days that have elapsed since an appointment referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of such paragraph.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1163; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §304(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3218; Pub. L. 102–175, §3, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1222.)

A prior section 3395, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, which related to nonapplicability of part-time career employment opportunities program was renumbered as section 3405 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

**1991**—Subsec. (e)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 102–175, §3(1), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "has the authority to reassign the career appointee."

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 102–175, §3(2), added par. (3).

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–615 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted exception relating to subpar. (B), and added subpar. (B).

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall establish programs for the systematic development of candidates for the Senior Executive Service and for the continuing development of senior executives, or require agencies to establish such programs which meet criteria prescribed by the Office.

(b) The Office shall assist agencies in the establishment of programs required under subsection (a) of this section and shall monitor the implementation of the programs. If the Office finds that any agency's program under subsection (a) of this section is not in compliance with the criteria prescribed under such subsection, it shall require the agency to take such corrective action as may be necessary to bring the program into compliance with the criteria.

(c)(1) The head of an agency may grant a sabbatical to any career appointee for not to exceed 11 months in order to permit the appointee to engage in study or uncompensated work experience which will contribute to the appointee's development and effectiveness. A sabbatical shall not result in loss of, or reduction in, pay, leave to which the career appointee is otherwise entitled, credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating. The head of the agency may authorize in accordance with chapter 57 of this title such travel expenses (including per diem allowances) as the head of the agency may determine to be essential for the study or experience.

(2) A sabbatical under this subsection may not be granted to any career appointee—

(A) more than once in any 10-year period;

(B) unless the appointee has completed 7 years of service—

(i) in one or more positions in the Senior Executive Service;

(ii) in one or more other positions in the civil service the level of duties and responsibilities of which are equivalent to the level of duties and responsibilities of positions in the Senior Executive Service; or

(iii) in any combination of such positions, except that not less than 2 years of such 7 years of service must be in the Senior Executive Service; and

(C) if the appointee is eligible for voluntary retirement with a right to an immediate annuity under section 8336 of this title.

Any period of assignment under section 3373 of this title, relating to assignments of employees to State and local governments, shall not be considered a period of service for the purpose of subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.

(3)(A) Any career appointee in an agency may be granted a sabbatical under this subsection only if the appointee agrees, as a condition of accepting the sabbatical, to serve in the civil service upon the completion of the sabbatical for a period of 2 consecutive years.

(B) Each agreement required under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall provide that in the event the career appointee fails to carry out the agreement (except for good and sufficient reason as determined by the head of the agency who granted the sabbatical) the appointee shall be liable to the United States for payment of all expenses (including salary) of the sabbatical. The amount shall be treated as a debt due the United States.

(d)(1) The Office shall encourage and assist individuals to improve their skills and increase their contribution by service in a variety of agencies as well as by accepting temporary placements in State or local governments or in the private sector.

(2) In order to promote the professional development of career appointees and to assist them in achieving their maximum levels of proficiency, the Office shall, in a manner consistent with the needs of the Government provide appropriate informational services and otherwise encourage career appointees to take advantage of any opportunities relating to—

(A) sabbaticals;

(B) training; or

(C) details or other temporary assignments in other agencies, State or local governments, or the private sector.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1163; amended Pub. L. 102–175, §4, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1223.)

A prior section 3396, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, which related to issuance of regulations, was renumbered as section 3406 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

**1991**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–175 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XVI, §1633(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 2076, provided that: "Programs established for the development of senior executives under section 3396(a) of title 5, United States Code, shall include training with respect to Federal procurement requirements, including contracting requirements under the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 631 et seq.)."

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §403(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1164.)

A prior section 3397, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, which related to reports, was renumbered as section 3407 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

A prior section 3398, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, which related to representation by employee organizations of employees employed on a part-time career employment basis, was renumbered as section 3408 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.


**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66, title III, §3001(a)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 734, struck out item 3407 "Reports".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–437, §3(b), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, added items 3391 to 3398, which were renumbered 3401 to 3408 by Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(A), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, which section also substituted "CHAPTER 34" for "SUBCHAPTER VIII" in heading.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) a military department;

(C) an agency in the judicial branch;

(D) the Library of Congress;

(E) the Botanic Garden; and

(F) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol; but does not include—

(i) a Government controlled corporation;

(ii) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(iii) the Virgin Islands Corporation;

(iv) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice;

(v) the Central Intelligence Agency; and

(vi) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense; and

(2) "part-time career employment" means part-time employment of 16 to 32 hours a week (or 32 to 64 hours during a biweekly pay period in the case of a flexible or compressed work schedule under subchapter II of chapter 61 of this title) under a schedule consisting of an equal or varied number of hours per day, whether in a position which would be part-time without regard to this section or one established to allow job-sharing or comparable arrangements, but does not include employment on a temporary or intermittent basis.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1056, §3391; renumbered §3401 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), (2)(A), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 97–221, §3, July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 233; Pub. L. 97–468, title VI, §615(b)(1)(B), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2578; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(15), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868.)

**1996**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 104–201, which directed amendment of par. (1) by striking cl. (v) and redesignating cls. (vi), (vii), and (viii) as (v), (vi), and (vii), respectively, was executed by striking cl. (iv), relating to the Panama Canal Company, and redesignating cls. (v), (vi), and (vii) as (iv), (v), and (vi), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because par. (1) does not contain a cl. (viii) and the amendments were included in a series of conforming amendments relating to the Panama Canal.

**1992**—Par. (1)(iii). Pub. L. 102–378, which directed the amendment of cl. (iv) by substituting "Virgin Islands" for "Virgin Island", was executed by making the substitution in cl. (iii) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1983**—Par. (1)(iii) to (viii). Pub. L. 97–468 struck out cl. (iii) which excluded the Alaska Railroad, and redesignated cls. (iv) to (viii) as (iii) to (vii), respectively.

**1982**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–221 inserted "(or 32 to 64 hours during a biweekly pay period in the case of a flexible or compressed work schedule under subchapter II of chapter 61 of this title)" after "week".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(1)(B), renumbered section 3391 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(A), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter".

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–468 effective on date of transfer of Alaska Railroad to the State [Jan. 5, 1985], pursuant to section 1203 of Title 45, Railroads, see section 615(b) of Pub. L. 97–468.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95–437 provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 8347, 8716, 8906, and 8913 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 3407 and 8906 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Part-Time Career Employment Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 95–437, §2, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1055, provided that:

"(a) The Congress finds that—

"(1) many individuals in our society possess great productive potential which goes unused because they cannot meet the requirements of a standard workweek; and

"(2) part-time permanent employment—

"(A) provides older individuals with a gradual transition into retirement;

"(B) provides employment opportunities to handicapped individuals or others who require a reduced workweek;

"(C) provides parents opportunities to balance family responsibilities with the need for additional income;

"(D) benefits students who must finance their own education or vocational training;

"(E) benefits the Government, as an employer, by increasing productivity and job satisfaction, while lowering turnover rates and absenteeism, offering management more flexibility in meeting work requirements, and filling shortages in various occupations; and

"(F) benefits society by offering a needed alternative for those individuals who require or prefer shorter hours (despite the reduced income), thus increasing jobs available to reduce unemployment while retaining the skills of individuals who have training and experience.

"(b) The purpose of this Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 8347, 8716, 8906, and 8913 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 3407 and 8906 of this title] is to provide increased part-time career employment opportunities throughout the Federal Government."

(a)(1) In order to promote part-time career employment opportunities in all grade levels, the head of each agency, by regulation, shall establish and maintain a program for part-time career employment within such agency. Such regulations shall provide for—

(A) the review of positions which, after such positions become vacant, may be filled on a part-time career employment basis (including the establishment of criteria to be used in identifying such positions);

(B) procedures and criteria to be used in connection with establishing or converting positions for part-time career employment, subject to the limitations of section 3403 of this title;

(C) annual goals for establishing or converting positions for part-time career employment, and a timetable setting forth interim and final deadlines for achieving such goals;

(D) a continuing review and evaluation of the part-time career employment program established under such regulations; and

(E) procedures for notifying the public of vacant part-time positions in such agency, utilizing facilities and funds otherwise available to such agency for the dissemination of information.

(2) The head of each agency shall provide for communication between, and coordination of the activities of, the individuals within such agency whose responsibilities relate to the part-time career employment program established within that agency.

(3) Regulations established under paragraph (1) of this subsection may provide for such exceptions as may be necessary to carry out the mission of the agency.

(b)(1) The Office of Personnel Management, by regulation, shall establish and maintain a program under which it shall, on the request of an agency, advise and assist such agency in the establishment and maintenance of its part-time career employment program under this chapter.

(2) The Office shall conduct a research and demonstration program with respect to part-time career employment within the Federal Government. In particular, such program shall be directed to—

(A) determining the extent to which part-time career employment may be used in filling positions which have not traditionally been open for such employment on any extensive basis, such as supervisory, managerial, and professional positions;

(B) determining the extent to which job-sharing arrangements may be established for various occupations and positions; and

(C) evaluating attitudes, benefits, costs, efficiency, and productivity associated with part-time career employment, as well as its various sociological effects as a mode of employment.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1056, §3392; renumbered §3402 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), (2)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(1)(B), renumbered section 3392 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(B)(i), substituted "3403" for "3393".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "chapter" for "subchapter".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(B)(iii), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An agency shall not abolish any position occupied by an employee in order to make the duties of such position available to be performed on a part-time career employment basis.

(b) Any person who is employed on a full-time basis in an agency shall not be required to accept part-time employment as a condition of continued employment.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, §3393; renumbered §3403, Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 renumbered section 3393 of this title as this section.

In administering any personnel ceiling applicable to an agency (or unit therein), an employee employed by such agency on a part-time career employment basis shall be counted as a fraction which is determined by dividing 40 hours into the average number of hours of such employee's regularly scheduled workweek. This section shall become effective on October 1, 1980.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, §3394; renumbered §3404, Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 renumbered section 3394 of this title as this section.

(a) If, on the date of enactment of this chapter, there is in effect with respect to positions within an agency a collective-bargaining agreement which establishes the number of hours of employment a week, then this chapter shall not apply to those positions.

(b) This chapter shall not require part-time career employment in positions the rate of basic pay for which is fixed at a rate equal to or greater than the minimum rate payable under section 5376.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, §3395; renumbered §3405 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), (2)(C), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, 1227; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(D)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95–437, which was approved Oct. 10, 1978.

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "payable under section 5376" for "fixed for GS–16 of the General Schedule".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(1)(B), renumbered section 3395 of this title as this section.

Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(C), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Before any regulation is prescribed under this chapter, a copy of the proposed regulation shall be published in the Federal Register and an opportunity provided to interested parties to present written comment and, where practicable, oral comment. Initial regulations shall be prescribed not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1057, §3396; renumbered §3406 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), (2)(C), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, 1227.)

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in text, is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95–437, which was approved Oct. 10, 1978.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–453, §901(c)(1)(B), renumbered section 3396 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(C), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section, added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, §3397; renumbered §3407 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), (2)(D), (E), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, 1227, related to reports.

If an employee organization has been accorded exclusive recognition with respect to a unit within an agency, then the employee organization shall be entitled to represent all employees within that unit employed on a part-time career employment basis.

(Added Pub. L. 95–437, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058, §3398; renumbered §3408, Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(c)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 renumbered section 3398 of this title as this section.









**2004**—Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §114(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2869, and Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2004(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3704, amended analysis identically, adding item for subchapter VII.

Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2004(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3704, added item 3598, set out second.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §114(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2869, added item 3598, set out first.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294, substituted "RETENTION PREFERENCE, VOLUNTARY SEPARATION INCENTIVE PAYMENTS, RESTORATION, AND REEMPLOYMENT" for "RETENTION PREFERENCE, RESTORATION, AND REEMPLOYMENT" in chapter heading and added item for subchapter II and items 3521 to 3525.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–353, §2(b)(2)(C), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3169, struck out item for subchapter II "RESTORATION AFTER ACTIVE DUTY OR TRAINING DUTY" and item 3551 "Restoration; Reserves and National Guardsmen".

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §306(c)(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3220, added item 3595a.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(a)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 757, redesignated item 3595 as 3596, and added item 3595.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2301(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2164, added item for subchapter VI and item 3597.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1167, added item for subchapter V and items 3591 to 3595.

1 So in original. Two sections "3598" have been enacted.

2 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter, except section 3504—

(1) "active service" has the meaning given it by section 101 of title 37;

(2) "a retired member of a uniformed service" means a member or former member of a uniformed service who is entitled, under statute, to retired, retirement, or retainer pay on account of his service as such a member; and

(3) a preference eligible employee who is a retired member of a uniformed service is considered a preference eligible only if—

(A) his retirement was based on disability—

(i) resulting from injury or disease received in line of duty as a direct result of armed conflict; or

(ii) caused by an instrumentality of war and incurred in the line of duty during a period of war as defined by sections 101 and 1101 of title 38;

(B) his service does not include twenty or more years of full-time active service, regardless of when performed but not including periods of active duty for training; or

(C) on November 30, 1964, he was employed in a position to which this subchapter applies and thereafter he continued to be so employed without a break in service of more than 30 days.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by this subsection and section 3504 of this title, this subchapter applies to each employee in or under an Executive agency. This subchapter does not apply to an employee whose appointment is required by Congress to be confirmed by, or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate or to a member of the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(8), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1165; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(e), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)(1), (2) | 5 U.S.C. 3101 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 861). | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §101 (as applicable to §202), 78 Stat. 484. |

(a)(3) | 5 U.S.C. 861(b). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §12(b); added Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §202(4) ("(b)"), 78 Stat. 486. |


In subsection (a), the definitions of "uniformed services" and "armed forces" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definitions in section 2101. The definition of "civilian office" is omitted as unnecessary as subsection (b) of this section states the application of this subchapter.

In subsection (a)(3), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "preference eligible employee" are coextensive with and substituted for "employee * * * included under section 2 of this Act" in view of the definition of preference eligible in section 2108. In paragraph (3)(C), the words "on November 30, 1964, he was employed in a position to which this subchapter applies and thereafter he continued to be so employed" are substituted for "immediately prior to the effective date of this subsection, he was employed in a civilian office to which this Act applies and, on and after such date, he continues to be employed in any such office".

Subsection (b) is supplied on authority of sections 2, 12, and 20 of the Act of June 27, 1944, ch. 287, 58 Stat. 387, 391, which are carried into this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preference to the report.

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted reference to section 1101 of title 38 for reference to section 301 of title 38.

**1988**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted reference to a member of Senior Executive Service.

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out ", except an employee whose appointment is made under section 3311 of title 39" after "or made with the advice and consent of, the Senate".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations for the release of competing employees in a reduction in force which give due effect to—

(1) tenure of employment;

(2) military preference, subject to section 3501(a)(3) of this title;

(3) length of service; and

(4) efficiency or performance ratings.

In computing length of service, a competing employee—

(A) who is not a retired member of a uniformed service is entitled to credit for the total length of time in active service in the armed forces;

(B) who is a retired member of a uniformed service is entitled to credit for—

(i) the length of time in active service in the armed forces during a war, or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authorized; or

(ii) the total length of time in active service in the armed forces if he is included under section 3501(a)(3)(A), (B), or (C) of this title; and

(C) is entitled to credit for—

(i) service rendered as an employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Allotment Act or of a committee or association of producers described in section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act; and

(ii) service rendered as an employee described in section 2105(c) if such employee moves or has moved, on or after January 1, 1966, without a break in service of more than 3 days, from a position in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard to a position in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is not described in section 2105(c).

(b) A preference eligible described in section 2108(3)(C) of this title who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more and whose performance has not been rated unacceptable under a performance appraisal system implemented under chapter 43 of this title is entitled to be retained in preference to other preference eligibles.

(c) An employee who is entitled to retention preference and whose performance has not been rated unacceptable under a performance appraisal system implemented under chapter 43 of this title is entitled to be retained in preference to other competing employees.

(d)(1) Except as provided under subsection (e), an employee may not be released, due to a reduction in force, unless—

(A) such employee and such employee's exclusive representative for collective-bargaining purposes (if any) are given written notice, in conformance with the requirements of paragraph (2), at least 60 days before such employee is so released; and

(B) if the reduction in force would involve the separation of a significant number of employees, the requirements of paragraph (3) are met at least 60 days before any employee is so released.

(2) Any notice under paragraph (1)(A) shall include—

(A) the personnel action to be taken with respect to the employee involved;

(B) the effective date of the action;

(C) a description of the procedures applicable in identifying employees for release;

(D) the employee's ranking relative to other competing employees, and how that ranking was determined; and

(E) a description of any appeal or other rights which may be available.

(3) Notice under paragraph (1)(B)—

(A) shall be given to—

(i) the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under section 134(a)(2)(A) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; 1 and

(ii) the chief elected official of such unit or each of such units of local government as may be appropriate; and

(B) shall consist of written notification as to—

(i) the number of employees to be separated from service due to the reduction in force (broken down by geographic area or on such other basis as may be required under paragraph (4));

(ii) when those separations will occur; and

(iii) any other matter which might facilitate the delivery of rapid response assistance or other services under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998.1

(4) The Office shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this subsection. The Office shall consult with the Secretary of Labor on matters relating to title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998.1

(e)(1) Subject to paragraph (3), upon request submitted under paragraph (2), the President may, in writing, shorten the period of advance notice required under subsection (d)(1)(A) and (B), with respect to a particular reduction in force, if necessary because of circumstances not reasonably foreseeable.

(2) A request to shorten notice periods shall be submitted to the President by the head of the agency involved, and shall indicate the reduction in force to which the request pertains, the number of days by which the agency head requests that the periods be shortened, and the reasons why the request is necessary.

(3) No notice period may be shortened to less than 30 days under this subsection.

(f)(1) The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department may—

(A) separate from service any employee who volunteers to be separated under this subparagraph even though the employee is not otherwise subject to separation due to a reduction in force; and

(B) for each employee voluntarily separated under subparagraph (A), retain an employee in a similar position who would otherwise be separated due to a reduction in force.

(2) The separation of an employee under paragraph (1)(A) shall be treated as an involuntary separation due to a reduction in force.

(3) An employee with critical knowledge and skills (as defined by the Secretary concerned) may not participate in a voluntary separation under paragraph (1)(A) if the Secretary concerned determines that such participation would impair the performance of the mission of the Department of Defense or the military department concerned.

(4) The regulations prescribed under this section shall incorporate the authority provided in this subsection.

(5) No authority under paragraph (1) may be exercised after September 30, 2018.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 90–367, §3, June 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(23), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(e), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149, 1224; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §306(a), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–335; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4433(a)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2721; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §§1034, 1043(d)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 430, 438; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1609, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2738; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(1), (f)(1)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–417, 2681–429; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1103], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–311; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1102, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3447; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1105, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4617; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XI, §1103, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 885.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 861(a) (less 2d and 3d provisos), (c). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §12 (less 2d and 3d provisos), 58 Stat. 390. Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §202 (1)–(3), (4) ("(c)"), 78 78 Stat. 486. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 861(a) (2d proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §12 (2d proviso), 58 Stat. 390. |


In subsection (a), the words "reduction in force" are substituted for "reduction in personnel". The words "in any civilian service of any Federal agency" are omitted as unnecessary because of the application stated in section 3501. In the second sentence, the word "total" in the phrase "length of service" is omitted for consistency with paragraph (3), and the words "subject to subsection (c) of this section" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the supplied distinction between a competing employee who is not a retired member of a uniformed service and such an employee who is a retired member of a uniformed service. In paragraph (A), the words "total length of time in active service" are substituted for "length of time spent in active service" for consistency with paragraph (B)(ii).

In subsections (a) and (b), the references to "performance" ratings and ratings of "satisfactory" are added on authority of former section 2005, which is carried into section 4304.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Allotment Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(C)(i), probably means section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which is classified to section 590h(b) of Title 16, Conservation.

Section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(C)(i), is classified to section 610(b) of Title 7, Agriculture.

The Workforce Investment Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), (4), is Pub. L. 105–220, Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 936, and was repealed by Pub. L. 113–128, title V, §§506, 511(a), July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1703, 1705, effective July 1, 2015. Title I of the Act was classified principally to former chapter 30 (former §2801 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. Section 134(a)(2)(A) of the Act was classified to former section 2864(a)(2)(A) of Title 29. Pursuant to section 3361(a) of Title 29, references to a provision of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 are deemed to refer to the corresponding provision of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, Pub. L. 113–128, July 22, 2014, 128 Stat. 1425, effective July 1, 2015. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2013**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 113–66 substituted "September 30, 2018" for "September 30, 2014".

**2008**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "September 30, 2014" for "September 30, 2010".

**2006**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "September 30, 2010" for "September 30, 2005".

**2000**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "September 30, 2005" for "September 30, 2001".

**1998**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(f)(1)(A)(i)], added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "the appropriate State dislocated worker unit or office (referred to in section 311(b)(2) of the Job Training Partnership Act), or the State or entity designated by the State to carry out rapid response activities under section 134(a)(2)(A) of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998; and".

Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(1)(A)(i)], added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: "the appropriate State dislocated worker unit or units (referred to in section 311(b)(2) of the Job Training Partnership Act); and".

Subsec. (d)(3)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(f)(1)(A)(ii)], struck out "under the Job Training Partnership Act or" before "under title I of".

Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(1)(A)(ii)], substituted "other services under the Job Training Partnership Act or under title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998" for "other services under the Job Training Partnership Act".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(f)(1)(B)], struck out "the Job Training Partnership Act or" before "title I of".

Pub. L. 105–277, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(d)(1)(B)], substituted "Secretary of Labor on matters relating to the Job Training Partnership Act or title I of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998" for "Secretary of Labor on matters relating to the Job Training Partnership Act".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 104–106, §1043(d)(1), substituted "January 1, 1966" for "January 1, 1987".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows:

"(f)(1) The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department may—

"(A) release in a reduction in force an employee who volunteers for the release even though the employee is not otherwise subject to release in the reduction in force under the criteria applicable under the other provisions of this section; and

"(B) for each employee voluntarily released in the reduction in force under subparagraph (A), retain an employee in a similar position who would otherwise be released in the reduction in force under such criteria.

"(2) A voluntary release of an employee in a reduction in force pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be treated as an involuntary release in the reduction in force.

"(3) An employee with critical knowledge and skills (as defined by the Secretary concerned) may not participate in a voluntary release under paragraph (1) if the Secretary concerned determines that such participation would impair the performance of the mission of the Department of Defense or the military department concerned.

"(4) The regulations prescribed under this section shall incorporate the authority provided in this subsection.

"(5) The authority under paragraph (1) may not be exercised after September 30, 1996."

Pub. L. 104–106, §1034, added subsec. (f).

**1992**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–484 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(C). Pub. L. 101–508 amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "is entitled to credit for service rendered as an employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 590h(b) of title 16, or of a committee or an association of producers described in section 610(b) of title 7."

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(C). Pub. L. 99–251 struck out "who is an employee in or under the Department of Agriculture" before "is entitled to credit".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(e), substituted provisions relating to retention of a preference eligible with a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more, for provisions relating to retention of preference eligible employees on the basis of ratings.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §307(e), added subsec. (c).

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–623 made minor changes in form and punctuation in subpars. (A) and (B), and, in subpar. (C), substituted "section 590h(b) of title 16" and "section 610(b) of title 7" for "section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b))" and "section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 37)" respectively.

Subsec. (a)(C). Pub. L. 90–367 added subsec. (a)(C).

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title VIII, §405(g)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–434, as amended by Pub. L. 106–400, §2, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1675, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1043(d)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 438, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (c) [set out as a note under section 8347 of this title], the amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall—

"(A) take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 10, 1996]; and

"(B) apply with respect to any reduction in force carried out on or after such date."

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4433(a)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2722, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any personnel action taking effect on or after the last day of the 90-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1992]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

For provisions relating to promulgation of regulations necessary to carry out amendment by section 1043(d)(1) of Pub. L. 104–106, see section 1043(b) of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as a Regulations; Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 8347 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1066, Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2850, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), an interagency placement program is a program that provides a system to require the offering of a position in an agency to an employee of another agency affected by a reduction in force if—

"(A) the position cannot be filled through a placement program of the agency in which the position is located;

"(B) the employee to whom the offer is made is qualified for the offered position; and

"(C) the geographic location of the offered position is within the commuting area of—

"(i) the residence of the employee; or

"(ii) the employee's present or last-held position.

"(3) The Director shall carry out this subsection in consultation with the Secretary of Defense.

"(4) The Director shall seek comments from the heads of all appropriate Federal agencies in conducting the study required by paragraph (1).

"(5) Not later than six months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994], the Director shall submit to Congress a report on the results of the study required by paragraph (1) and on any action taken by the Director under subsection (b).

"(b)

"(2) If the Director establishes a program pursuant to paragraph (1), the report required by subsection (a)(5) shall identify each agency that does not agree to participate in the program and the reasons of the head of that agency for not agreeing to participate.

"(c)

"(1) The term 'agency' means an Executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, except that such term does not include the Government Accountability Office.

"(2) The term 'Federal employees affected by reductions in force' means Federal employees who are separated, or are scheduled to be separated, from service under a reduction in force pursuant to—

"(A) regulations prescribed under section 3502 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(B) procedures established under section 3595 of such title."

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4433(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2722, as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §341(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2720, provided that:

"(1) The provisions of section 3502(d) and (e) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)) shall apply to employees of the Department of Defense according to their terms, except that, with respect to any reduction in force within that agency that would involve the separation of a significant number of employees (as determined under paragraph (1)(B) of such section 3502(d)), any reference in such section 3502(d) to '60 days' shall, in the case of the employees described in paragraph (2), be deemed to read '120 days'.

"(2) The employees described in this paragraph are those employees of the Department of Defense who are to be separated, due to a reduction in force described in paragraph (1), effective on or after the last day of the 90-day period referred to in subsection (a)(2) [see Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note above] and before February 1, 2000.

"(3) Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the application of the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] with respect to an employee if—

"(A) the preceding paragraphs of this subsection do not apply with respect to such employee; and

"(B) the amendment made by subsection (a) would otherwise apply with respect to such employee.

"(4) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this subsection."

Applicability of Indian preference laws to Bureau of Indian Affairs and Indian Health Service positions for purposes of reduction-in-force procedures under subsec. (a) of this section, see section 5117(a) of Title 25, Indians.

Ex. Ord. No. 12828, Jan. 5, 1993, 58 F.R. 2965, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13415, §2(b), Dec. 1, 2006, 71 F.R. 70641, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code and sections 3502(e), 4505a(e), and 5377(i)(2) of title 5 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(1) The authority of the President under 5 U.S.C. 3502(e), as added by section 4433 of Public Law 102–484, to shorten the period of advance notice otherwise required by law with respect to reductions in force.

(2) The authority of the President under 5 U.S.C. 4505a(e), as added by section 2(19) of Public Law 102–378, to permit performance-based cash awards to be paid to categories of employees who would not otherwise be eligible.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) When a function is transferred from one agency to another, each competing employee in the function shall be transferred to the receiving agency for employment in a position for which he is qualified before the receiving agency may make an appointment from another source to that position.

(b) When one agency is replaced by another, each competing employee in the agency to be replaced shall be transferred to the replacing agency for employment in a position for which he is qualified before the replacing agency may make an appointment from another source to that position.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(f), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(18), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

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5 U.S.C. 861(a) (3d proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §12 (3d proviso), 58 Stat. 390. |


In subsection (a), the words "a function" are substituted for "any or all of the functions". The word "receiving" is substituted for "replacing" in the phrase "receiving agency" to avoid confusion with subsection (b).

In subsections (a) and (b), the word "first" in the phrase "shall first be transferred" is omitted as redundant in view of the subsequent limitation imposed by the words following "before". The words "make an appointment from another source to that position" are substituted for "appoint additional employees from any other source for such position".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "competing employee" for "preference eligible employed".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 which directed the substitution of "competing employee" for "preference eligible employee" was impossible to execute literally because the text contained reference to "preference eligible employed". See 1979 Amendment note above.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) In determining qualifications of a preference eligible for retention in a position in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia, the Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency shall waive—

(1) requirements as to age, height, and weight, unless the requirement is essential to the performance of the duties of the position; and

(2) physical requirements if, in the opinion of the Office or other examining agency, after considering the recommendation of an accredited physician, the preference eligible is physically able to perform efficiently the duties of the position.

(b) If an examining agency determines that, on the basis of evidence before it, a preference eligible described in section 2108(3)(C) of this title who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more is not able to fulfill the physical requirements of the position, the examining agency shall notify the Office of the determination and, at the same time, the examining agency shall notify the preference eligible of the reasons for the determination and of the right to respond, within 15 days of the date of the notification, to the Office. The Office shall require a demonstration by the appointing authority that the notification was timely sent to the preference eligible's last known address and shall, before the selection of any other person for the position, make a final determination on the physical ability of the preference eligible to perform the duties of the position, taking into account any additional information provided in the response. When the Office has completed its review of the proposed disqualification on the basis of physical disability, it shall send its findings to the appointing authority and the preference eligible. The appointing authority shall comply with the findings of the Office. The functions of the Office under this subsection may not be delegated.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §307(g), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149, 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 854 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to retention). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §5 (1st 2 sentences, so much as relates to retention), 58 Stat. 388. |


The words "in the competitive service, an Executive agency, or the government of the District of Columbia" are added on authority of former sections 851, 858, and 869 which are carried into this title. The words "preference eligible" are substituted for "veteran".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission", and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

A prior subchapter II of this chapter consisting of section 3551, related to restoration of positions of Federal and District of Columbia employees upon release from duty in Reserves or National Guard, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–353, §§2(b)(2)(B), 8, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3169, 3175, effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after first day after 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules.

In this subchapter, the term—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency as defined under section 105 (other than the Government Accountability Office); and

(2) "employee"—

(A) means an employee as defined under section 2105 employed by an agency and an individual employed by a county committee established under section 8(b)(5) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)(5)) who—

(i) is serving under an appointment without time limitation; and

(ii) has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 3 years; and

(B) shall not include—

(i) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or 84 or another retirement system for employees of the Government;

(ii) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under subchapter III of chapter 83 or 84 or another retirement system for employees of the Government;

(iii) an employee who is in receipt of a decision notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance;

(iv) an employee who has previously received any voluntary separation incentive payment from the Federal Government under this subchapter or any other authority;

(v) an employee covered by statutory reemployment rights who is on transfer employment with another organization; or

(vi) any employee who—

(I) during the 36-month period preceding the date of separation of that employee, performed service for which a student loan repayment benefit was or is to be paid under section 5379;

(II) during the 24-month period preceding the date of separation of that employee, performed service for which a recruitment or relocation bonus was or is to be paid under section 5753; or

(III) during the 12-month period preceding the date of separation of that employee, performed service for which a retention bonus was or is to be paid under section 5754.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2291; amended Pub. L. 112–74, div. G, title I, §1401(b), Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 1134.)

**2011**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 112–74 substituted "section 105 (other than the Government Accountability Office)" for "section 105".

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–74 applicable to voluntary separation incentive payments made during fiscal year 2012 or any succeeding fiscal year, see section 1401(c) of Pub. L. 112–74, set out as a note under section 4505 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(4), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294, provided that: "This subsection [enacting this subchapter and provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect 60 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2002]."

Pub. L. 108–72, §5, Aug. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 889, provided that: "The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution may establish a program for making voluntary separation incentive payments for employees of the Smithsonian Institution which is substantially similar to the program established under subchapter II of chapter 35 of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 1313(a) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 [Pub. L. 107–296])."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294, provided that: "The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may, by regulation, establish a program substantially similar to the program established under paragraph (1) [enacting this subchapter] for individuals serving in the judicial branch."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294, provided that: "Any agency exercising any voluntary separation incentive authority in effect on the effective date of this subsection [see Effective Date note above] may continue to offer voluntary separation incentives consistent with that authority until that authority expires."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(c), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that the implementation of this section [enacting this subchapter, amending sections 8336 and 8414 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8336 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 8336 and 8414 of this title] is intended to reshape the Federal workforce and not downsize the Federal workforce."

(a) Before obligating any resources for voluntary separation incentive payments, the head of each agency shall submit to the Office of Personnel Management a plan outlining the intended use of such incentive payments and a proposed organizational chart for the agency once such incentive payments have been completed.

(b) The plan of an agency under subsection (a) shall include—

(1) the specific positions and functions to be reduced or eliminated;

(2) a description of which categories of employees will be offered incentives;

(3) the time period during which incentives may be paid;

(4) the number and amounts of voluntary separation incentive payments to be offered; and

(5) a description of how the agency will operate without the eliminated positions and functions.

(c) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall review each agency's plan an 1 may make any appropriate modifications in the plan, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. A plan under this section may not be implemented without the approval of the Directive 2 of the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2292.)

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 1313(a)(4) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 3521 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "and".

2 So in original. Probably should be "Director".

(a) A voluntary separation incentive payment under this subchapter may be paid to an employee only as provided in the plan of an agency established under section 3522.

(b) A voluntary incentive payment—

(1) shall be offered to agency employees on the basis of—

(A) 1 or more organizational units;

(B) 1 or more occupational series or levels;

(C) 1 or more geographical locations;

(D) skills, knowledge, or other factors related to a position;

(E) specific periods of time during which eligible employees may elect a voluntary incentive payment; or

(F) any appropriate combination of such factors;

(2) shall be paid in a lump sum after the employee's separation;

(3) shall be equal to the lesser of—

(A) an amount equal to the amount the employee would be entitled to receive under section 5595(c) if the employee were entitled to payment under such section (without adjustment for any previous payment made); or

(B) an amount determined by the agency head, not to exceed $25,000;

(4) may be made only in the case of an employee who voluntarily separates (whether by retirement or resignation) under this subchapter;

(5) shall not be a basis for payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit;

(6) shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of any severance pay to which the employee may be entitled under section 5595, based on another other 1 separation; and

(7) shall be paid from appropriations or funds available for the payment of the basic pay of the employee.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2293.)

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 1313(a)(4) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 3521 of this title.

(a) The term "employment"—

(1) in subsection (b) includes employment under a personal services contract (or other direct contract) with the United States Government (other than an entity in the legislative branch); and

(2) in subsection (c) does not include employment under such a contract.

(b) An individual who has received a voluntary separation incentive payment under this subchapter and accepts any employment for compensation with the Government of the United States with 1 5 years after the date of the separation on which the payment is based shall be required to pay, before the individual's first day of employment, the entire amount of the incentive payment to the agency that paid the incentive payment.

(c)(1) If the employment under this section is with an agency, other than the Government Accountability Office, the United States Postal Service, or the Postal Regulatory Commission, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of the agency, may 2 waive the repayment if—

(A) the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position; or

(B) in case of an emergency involving a direct threat to life or property, the individual—

(i) has skills directly related to resolving the emergency; and

(ii) will serve on a temporary basis only so long as that individual's services are made necessary by the emergency.

(2) If the employment under this section is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(3) If the employment under this section is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2293; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242.)

**2006**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission" in introductory provisions.

**2004**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions.

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 1313(a)(4) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 3521 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "within".

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(a)(1)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294.)

A prior section 3551, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 90–491, §2, Aug. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 791, related to restoration of positions of Federal and District of Columbia employees upon release from duty in Reserves or National Guard, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–353, §§2(b)(2)(B), 8, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3169, 3175, effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after first day after 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules.

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 1313(a)(4) of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 3521 of this title.

An individual suspended or removed under section 7532 of this title may be restored to duty in the discretion of the head of the agency concerned.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 429.)

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5 U.S.C. 22–1 (1st 31 words of 3d proviso). | Aug. 26, 1950, ch. 803, §1 (1st 31 words of 3d proviso), 64 Stat. 477. |


The words "suspended or removed under section 7532 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "whose employment is so suspended or terminated under the authority of said sections".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) a military department; and

(C) an employing authority in the legislative branch;

(2) "employee" means an employee in or under an agency;

(3) "international organization" means a public international organization or international-organization preparatory commission in which the Government of the United States participates;

(4) "transfer" means the change of position by an employee from an agency to an international organization; and

(5) "reemployment" means—

(A) the reemployment of an employee under section 3582(b) of this title; or

(B) the reemployment of a Congressional employee within 90 days from his separation from an international organization;

following a term of employment not extending beyond the period named by the head of the agency at the time of consent to transfer or, in the absence of a named period, not extending beyond the first 5 consecutive years, or any extension thereof, after entering the employ of the international organization.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 429; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §502(b), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 825; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(9), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057.)

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5 U.S.C. 2331. | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795, §2, 72 Stat. 959. |


In paragraphs (1)(A) and (B), the terms "Executive agency" and "military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "any department or agency in the executive branch of the United States Government including independent establishments and Government owned or controlled corporations" in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102.

In paragraph (2), the word "employee" is substituted for "any civilian appointive officer or employee" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. The words "in or under an agency" are substituted for "in or under the executive or the legislative branch of the United States Government".

The definition of "Congressional employee" in former section 2331(4) is omitted as unnecessary because the term "Congressional employee", defined for the purpose of this title in section 2107, is coextensive with the definition in former section 2331(4).

The definition of "Detail" in former section 2331(6) is omitted from this section as inappropriate but is carried into section 3343.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1975**—Subsec. (5)(A). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "3582(b)" for "3582(a)".

**1969**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 91–175 substituted "the first 5 consecutive years, or any extension thereof, after entering the employ of the international organization" for "the first 3 consecutive years after entering the employ of the international organization".

Authority of President to extend a transfer of an employee under this section delegated to Secretary of State, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 11552, Aug. 24, 1970, 35 F.R. 13569, set out as a note under section 3584 of this title.

(a) An employee serving under an appointment not limited to 1 year or less who transfers to an international organization with the consent of the head of his agency is entitled—

(1) to retain coverage, rights, and benefits under any system established by law for the retirement of employees, if necessary employee deductions and agency contributions in payment for the coverage, rights, and benefits for the period of employment with the international organization are currently deposited in the system's fund or depository; and the period during which coverage, rights, and benefits are retained under this paragraph is deemed creditable service under the system, except that such service shall not be considered creditable service for the purpose of any retirement system for transferring personnel, if such service forms the basis, in whole or in part, for an annuity or pension under the retirement system of the international organization;

(2) to retain coverage, rights, and benefits under chapters 87 and 89 of this title, if necessary employee deductions and agency contributions in payment for the coverage, rights, and benefits for the period of employment with the international organization are currently deposited in the Employees' Life Insurance Fund and the Employees' Health Benefits Fund, as applicable, and the period during which coverage, rights, and benefits are retained under this paragraph is deemed service as an employee under chapters 87 and 89 of this title;

(3) to retain coverage, rights, and benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, and for this purpose his employment with the international organization is deemed employment by the United States, but if he or his dependents receive from the international organization a payment, allowance, gratuity, payment under an insurance policy for which the premium is wholly paid by the international organization, or other benefit of any kind on account of the same injury or death, the amount thereof is credited against disability or death compensation, as the case may be, payable under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title; and

(4) to elect to retain to his credit all accumulated and current accrued annual leave to which entitled at the time of transfer which would otherwise be liquidated by a lump-sum payment. On his request at any time before reemployment, he shall be paid for the annual leave retained. If he receives a lump-sum payment and is reemployed within 6 months after transfer, he shall refund to the agency the amount of the lump-sum payment. This paragraph does not operate to cause a forfeiture of retained annual leave following reemployment or to deprive an employee of a lump-sum payment to which he would otherwise be entitled.

(b) An employee entitled to the benefits of subsection (a) of this section is entitled to be reemployed within 30 days of his application for reemployment in his former position or a position of like seniority, status, and pay in the agency from which he transferred, if—

(1) he is separated from the international organization within 5 years, or any extension thereof, after entering on duty with the international organization or within such shorter period as may be named by the head of the agency at the time of consent to transfer; and

(2) he applies for reemployment not later than 90 days after the separation.

On reemployment, an employee entitled to the benefits of subsection (a) is entitled to the rate of basic pay to which the employee would have been entitled had the employee remained in the civil service. On reemployment, the agency shall restore the sick leave account of the employee, by credit or charge, to its status at the time of transfer. The period of separation caused by the employment of the employee with the international organization and the period necessary to effect reemployment are deemed creditable service for all appropriate civil service employment purposes. This subsection does not apply to a congressional employee.

(c) This section applies only with respect to so much of a period of employment with an international organization as does not exceed 5 years, or any extension thereof, or such shorter period named by the head of the agency at the time of consent to transfer, except that for retirement and insurance purposes this section continues to apply during the period after separation from the international organization in which—

(1) an employee, except a Congressional employee, is properly exercising or could exercise the reemployment right established by subsection (b) of this section; or

(2) a Congressional employee is effecting or could effect a reemployment.

During that reemployment period, the employee is deemed on leave without pay for retirement and insurance purposes.

(d) During the employee's period of service with the international organization, the agency from which the employee is transferred shall make contributions for retirement and insurance purposes from the appropriations or funds of that agency so long as contributions are made by the employee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 430; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §502(c)–(f), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 825, 826; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(10), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXV, §2504(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–837.)

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5 U.S.C. 2333 (less (c)). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795 §4 (less (c)), 72 Stat. 960. |


In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding the provisions of any law, Executive order, or regulation" are omitted as unnecessary. In paragraph (2), the words "an employee under chapter 87 of this title" are substituted for "an officer or employee of the United States". In paragraph (4), the words "under no circumstances" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277 inserted concluding provisions and struck out former concluding provisions which read as follows: "On reemployment, he is entitled to the rate of basic pay to which he would be entitled had he remained in the civil service. On reemployment, the agency shall restore his sick leave account, by credit or charge, to its status at the time of transfer. The period of separation caused by his employment with the international organization and the period necessary to effect reemployment are deemed creditable service for all appropriate civil service employment purposes. On reemployment, he is entitled to be paid, under such regulations as the President may prescribe and from appropriations or funds of the agency from which transferred, an amount equal to the difference between the pay, allowances, post differential, and other monetary benefits paid by the international organization and the pay, allowances, post differential, and other monetary benefits that would have been paid by the agency had he been detailed to the international organization under section 3343 of this title. Such a payment shall be made to an employee who is unable to exercise his reemployment right because of disability incurred while on transfer to an international organization under this subchapter and, in the case of any employee who dies while on such a transfer or during the period after separation from the international organization in which he is properly exercising or could exercise his reemployment right, in accordance with subchapter VIII of chapter 55 of this title. This subsection does not apply to a congressional employee nor may any payment provided for in the preceding two sentences of this subsection be based on a period of employment with an international organization occurring before the first day of the first pay period which begins after December 29, 1969."

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "after December 29, 1969" for "on or after the date of enactment of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1969" in last sentence.

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–175, §502(c), inserted provision at end of cl. (1) excepting from creditable service, for the purpose of any retirement system, an agency employee who transfers to an international organization, if such service forms the basis for an annuity or pension under the retirement system of the international organization, and, in cl. (2), inserted references to chapter 89 and Employees' Health Benefits Fund.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–175, §502(d), struck out ", except a Congressional employee," in provisions preceding cl. (1), substituted "5 years or any extension thereof," for "3 years" in cl. (1), and, in provisions following cl. (2), inserted provision dealing with pay differentials to be received by former agency employee on reemployment with agency after service with international organization.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–175, §502(e), substituted "5 years, or any extension thereof," for "3 years".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–175, §502(f), made contributions for retirement and insurance purposes mandatory by the agency from which employee is transferred, during employee's period of service with international organization, so long as contributions are made by employee.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXV, §2504(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–837, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to transfers that take effect on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]."

Authority of President under subsec. (b) of this section delegated to Office of Personnel Management, and authority to define and specify pay, allowances, etc., to be paid by the agency, delegated to Secretary of State, see section 3 of Ex. Ord. No. 11552, Aug. 24, 1970, 35 F.R. 13569, set out as a note under section 3584 of this title.

A computation under this subchapter before reemployment is made in the same manner as if the employee had received basic pay, or basic pay plus additional pay in the case of a Congressional employee, at the rate at which it would have been payable had the employee continued in the position in which he was serving at the time of transfer.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 431.)

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5 U.S.C. 2333(c). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795, §4(c), 72 Stat. 961. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The President may prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this subchapter and section 3343 of this title and to protect and assure the retirement, insurance, leave, and reemployment rights and such other similar civil service employment rights as he finds appropriate. The regulations may provide for the exclusion of employees from the application of this subchapter and section 3343 of this title on the basis of the nature and type of employment including excepted appointments of a confidential or policy-determining character, or conditions pertaining to the employment including short-term appointments, seasonal or intermittent employment, and part-time employment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 431.)

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5 U.S.C. 2334. | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–795, §5, 72 Stat. 961. |


The words "civil service employment rights" are substituted for "Federal employment rights". The word "including" is substituted for "such as, but not limited to".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Ex. Ord. No. 10804, Feb. 12, 1959, 24 F.R. 1147, which delegated to the United States Civil Service Commission the authority vested in the President by section 5 of the Federal Employees International Organization Service Act (72 Stat. 961) [now this section], was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11552, Aug. 24, 1970, 35 F.R. 13569, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11552, Aug. 24, 1970, 35 F.R. 13569, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 and section 3584 of title 5 [this section], United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

*Leadership and coordination*. The Secretary of State shall provide leadership and coordination for the effort of the Federal Government to increase and improve its participation in international organizations through transfers and details of well-qualified Federal employees, and shall develop policies, procedures, and programs consistent with this order to advance and encourage such participation.

*Federal agency cooperation*. Each agency in the executive branch of the Federal Government shall to the maximum extent feasible and with due regard to its manpower requirements assist and encourage details and transfers of employees to international organizations by observing the following policies and procedures:

(1) Vacancies in international organizations shall be brought to the notice of well-qualified agency employees whose abilities and levels of responsibility in the Federal service are commensurate with those required to fill such vacancies.

(2) Subject to prior approval of his agency, no leave shall be charged an employee who is absent for a maximum of three days for interview for a proposed detail or transfer at the formal request of an international organization of a Federal official; an agency may approve official travel for necessary travel within the United States in connection with such an interview.

(3) An agency, upon request of an appropriate authority, shall provide international organizations with detailed assessments of the technical or professional qualifications of individual employees being formally considered for details and transfers to specific positions.

(4) Upon return of an employee to his agency, the agency shall give due consideration to the employee's overall qualifications, including those which may have been acquired during his service with the international organization, in determining the position and grade in which he is reemployed.

*Delegations*. (a) Except as otherwise provided in this order, there is hereby delegated to the Office of Personnel Management the authority vested in the President by sections 3582(b) and 3584 of title 5, United States Code.

(b) The following are hereby delegated to the Secretary of State:

(1) The authority vested in the President by sections 3343 and 3581 of title 5, United States Code, to determine whether it is in the national interest to extend a detail or transfer of an employee beyond five years.

(2) The authority vested in the President by section 3582(b) of title 5, United States Code, to define and specify "pay, allowances, post differential, and other monetary benefits" to be paid by the agency upon reemployment, disability, or death.

*Revocation*. Executive Order No. 10804 of February 12, 1959, is hereby revoked.

For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency", "Senior Executive Service position", "senior executive", "career appointee", "limited term appointee", "limited emergency appointee", "noncareer appointee", and "general position" have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1165.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a career appointee may be removed from the Senior Executive Service to a civil service position outside of the Senior Executive Service—

(1) during the 1-year period of probation under section 3393(d) of this title, or

(2) at any time for less than fully successful executive performance as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title,

except that in the case of a removal under paragraph (2) of this subsection the career appointee shall, at least 15 days before the removal, be entitled, upon request, to an informal hearing before an official designated by the Merit Systems Protection Board at which the career appointee may appear and present arguments, but such hearing shall not give the career appointee the right to initiate an action with the Board under section 7701 of this title, nor need the removal action be delayed as a result of the granting of such hearing.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a career appointee in an agency may not be involuntarily removed—

(A) within 120 days after an appointment of the head of the agency; or

(B) within 120 days after the appointment in the agency of the career appointee's most immediate supervisor who—

(i) is a noncareer appointee; and

(ii) has the authority to remove the career appointee.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply with respect to—

(A) any removal under section 4314(b)(3) of this title; or

(B) any disciplinary action initiated before an appointment referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(c) A limited emergency appointee, limited term appointee, or noncareer appointee may be removed from the service at any time.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1165; amended Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(3), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(2)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297.)

**2002**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(A)(iv), struck out last sentence which read as follows: "In the case of a removal under paragraph (3) of this subsection, the career appointee shall have the right to appeal the removal from the Senior Executive Service to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701."

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(A)(i), inserted "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(A)(ii), struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(A)(iii), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "if the career appointee is not recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a,".

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(3)(D), inserted at end "In the case of a removal under paragraph (3) of this subsection, the career appointee shall have the right to appeal the removal from the Senior Executive Service to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(3)(A)–(C), added par. (3).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297, provided that: "Notwithstanding the amendments made by subsection (a)(2)(A) [amending this section], an appeal under the final sentence of section 3592(a) of title 5, United States Code, that is pending on the day before the effective date of this section [see Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note above]—

"(1) shall not abate by reason of the enactment of the amendments made by subsection (a)(2)(A); and

"(2) shall continue as if such amendments had not been enacted."

(a) A former career appointee may be reinstated, without regard to section 3393(b) and (c) of this title, to any Senior Executive Service position for which the appointee is qualified if—

(1) the appointee has successfully completed the probationary period established under section 3393(d) of this title; and

(2) the appointee left the Senior Executive Service for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, malfeasance, or less than fully successful executive performance as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43.

(b) A career appointee who is appointed by the President to any civil service position outside the Senior Executive Service and who leaves the position for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance shall be entitled to be placed in the Senior Executive Service if the appointee applies to the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after separation from the Presidential appointment.

(c)(1) A former career appointee shall be reinstated, without regard to section 3393(b) and (c) of this title, to any vacant Senior Executive Service position in an agency for which the appointee is qualified if—

(A) the individual was a career appointee on May 31, 1981;

(B) the appointee was removed from the Senior Executive Service under section 3595 of this title before October 1, 1984, due to a reduction in force in that agency;

(C) before the removal occurred, the appointee successfully completed the probationary period established under section 3393(d) of this title; and

(D) the appointee applies for that vacant position within one year after the Office receives certification regarding that appointee pursuant to section 3595(b)(3)(B) of this title.

(2) A career appointee is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title any determination by the agency that the appointee is not qualified for a position for which the appointee applies under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1166; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 757; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §303(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(4), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(2)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297.)

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–296 added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "the appointee left the Senior Executive Service for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, malfeasance, less than fully successful executive performance as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title, or failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a."

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–194 struck out "or" after "malfeasance," and inserted ", or failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a" before period at end.

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted "before October 1, 1984,".

**1981**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–35 added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(c), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a)(2)(B) [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to an individual who, before the effective date of this section [see note above], leaves the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a of title 5, United States Code."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective June 1, 1981, with certain exceptions and conditions, see section 1704(e) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3595 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) A career appointee who was appointed from a civil service position held under a career or career-conditional appointment (or an appointment of equivalent tenure, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management) and who, for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance, is removed from the Senior Executive Service during the probationary period under section 3393(d) of this title, shall be entitled to be placed in a civil service position (other than a Senior Executive Service position) in any agency.

(b) A career appointee who has completed the probationary period under section 3393(d) of this title, and who—

(1) is removed from the Senior Executive Service for less than fully successful executive performance as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title; or

(2) is removed from the Senior Executive Service under paragraph (4) or (5) of section 3595(b) of this title;

shall be entitled to be placed in a civil service position (other than a Senior Executive Service position) in any agency.

(c)(1) For purposes of subsections (a) and (b) of this section—

(A) the position in which any career appointee is placed under such subsections shall be a continuing position at GS–15 of the General Schedule or classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108, or an equivalent position, and, in the case of a career appointee referred to in subsection (a) of this section, the career appointee shall be entitled to an appointment of a tenure equivalent to the tenure of the appointment held in the position from which the career appointee was appointed;

(B) any career appointee placed under subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall be entitled to receive basic pay at the highest of—

(i) the rate of basic pay in effect for the position in which placed;

(ii) the rate of basic pay in effect at the time of the placement for the position the career appointee held in the civil service immediately before being appointed to the Senior Executive Service; or

(iii) the rate of basic pay in effect for the career appointee immediately before being placed under subsection (a) or (b) of this section; and

(C) the placement of any career appointee under subsection (a) or (b) of this section may not be made to a position which would cause the separation or reduction in grade of any other employee.

(2) An employee who is receiving basic pay under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) or (iii) of this subsection is entitled to have the basic pay rate of the employee increased by 50 percent of the amount of each increase in the maximum rate of basic pay for the grade of the position in which the employee is placed under subsection (a) or (b) of this section until the rate is equal to the rate in effect under paragraph (1)(B)(i) of this subsection for the position in which the employee is placed.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1166; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §303(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(5), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(E)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(16), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(2)(C), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297.)

GS–15 of the General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(C)(i), inserted "or" at end.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(C)(ii), struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(2)(C)(iii), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "is removed from the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified under section 3393a;".

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "section 5108," for "section 5108,,".

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "at GS–15 of the General Schedule or classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108," for "at GS–15 or above of the General Schedule".

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 101–194 added par. (3).

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted provision relating to career appointees removed from the Senior Executive Service under section 3595(b)(4) or (5) of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) An agency shall establish competitive procedures for determining who shall be removed from the Senior Executive Service in any reduction in force of career appointees within that agency. The competitive procedures shall be designed to assure that such determinations are primarily on the basis of performance, as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title.

(b)(1) This subsection applies to any career appointee who has successfully completed the probationary period prescribed under section 3393(d) of this title.

(2) Except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), a career appointee may not be removed from the Senior Executive Service due to a reduction in force within an agency.

(3) A career appointee who, but for this subsection, would be removed from the Senior Executive Service due to a reduction in force within an agency—

(A) is entitled to be assigned by the head of that agency to a vacant Senior Executive Service position for which the career appointee is qualified; or

(B) if the agency head certifies, in writing, to the Office of Personnel Management that no such position is available in the agency, shall be placed by the Office in any agency in any vacant Senior Executive Service position unless the head of that agency determines that the career appointee is not qualified for that position.

The Office of Personnel Management shall take all reasonable steps to place a career appointee under subparagraph (B) and may require any agency to take any action which the Office considers necessary to carry out any such placement.

(4) A career appointee who is not assigned under paragraph (3)(A) may be removed from the Senior Executive Service due to a reduction in force if the career appointee declines a reasonable offer for placement in a Senior Executive Service position under paragraph (3)(B).

(5) A career appointee who is not assigned under paragraph (3)(A) may be removed from the Senior Executive Service due to a reduction in force if the career appointee is not placed in another Senior Executive Service position under paragraph (3)(B) within 45 days after the Office receives certification regarding that appointee under paragraph (3)(B).

(c) A career appointee is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title whether the reduction in force complies with the competitive procedures required under subsection (a).

(d) For purposes of this section, "reduction in force" includes the elimination or modification of a position due to a reorganization, due to a lack of funds or curtailment of work, or due to any other factor.

(e) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which the rights accorded to a career appointee in the event of a transfer of function are comparable to the rights accorded to a competing employee under section 3503 of this title in the event of such a transfer.

(Added Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756; amended Pub. L. 97–346, §5(a), (b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1650; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §§303(c), (d), 304(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3218, 3219.)

A prior section 3595, added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1167, which related to prescribing regulations, was renumbered section 3596 by Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756.

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–615, §303(c)(1), struck out the designation "(i)" before provisions relating to placement in any agency in any vacant Executive Service position, and struck out former cl. (ii), which had related to detailing by the Office of Personnel Management to any vacant Senior Executive Service position for which the Office deemed the employee to be qualified in any agency for a period not to exceed 60 days, and placement in such position by the Office after the period of such detail, unless the head of the agency determined that the career appointee was not qualified for such position.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–615, §303(c)(2), struck out "and the civil service" after "removed from the Senior Executive Service", struck out the designation "(A)" before "the career appointee declines", and substituted a period for the semicolon and "or" at the end thereof. Former subpar. (B) redesignated par. (5).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–615, §303(c)(2), redesignated former par. (4)(B) as (5), substituted "A career appointee who is not assigned under paragraph (3)(A) may be removed from the Senior Executive Service due to a reduction in force if" for "subject to paragraph (5),", substituted "45 days" for "120 days", and struck out former par. (5), which had provided that persons who were career appointees as of May 31, 1981, could only be removed from the Senior Executive Service and the civil service due to a reduction in force after the 120-day period if the Director of the Office of Personnel Management certified to certain Congressional committees that the Office had taken all reasonable steps to place the appointee but had been unable to do so due to the appointee's highly specialized skills and experience.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–615, §303(d), struck out the designation "(1)" before "whether the reduction", and struck out pars. (2) and (3), which had provided, respectively, the right to appeal any removal under subsec. (b)(4)(A) and the right to appeal any nonappointment under subsec. (b)(3), and, in the event of such nonappointment, whether the Office of Personnel Management took all reasonable steps to achieve such placement and whether the agency correctly decided under subsec. (b)(3)(B) that the career appointee was not qualified for such placement.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–615, §304(b), added subsec. (e).

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 97–346, §5(a), designated as cl. (i) existing provisions relating to placement in any agency in any vacant Executive Service position, and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 97–346, §5(b), designated as subpar. (A) existing provisions relating to taking of all reasonable steps by Office of Personnel Management, and added subpar. (B).

Amendment by section 303(c), (d) of Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, and amendment by section 304(b) of Pub. L. 98–615 effective Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–346, §5(c), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1650, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1982].

"(2) The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to an individual who is a career appointee on or after September 30, 1982, except that any individual who is a career appointee on September 30, 1982, and who is described in section 3595(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code, may not be removed before December 15, 1982, due to a reduction in force, unless the removal is under section 3595(b)(4)(A) of such title on the grounds the individual declined a reasonable placement offer."

Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 758, provided that:

"(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [enacting this section, redesignating former section 3595 as section 3596 of this title, and amending sections 3393, 3593, 7542, and 7543 of this title] shall be effective as of June 1, 1981.

"(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amendments made by this section shall apply to any career appointee removed from the civil service after May 31, 1981, and before the date of the enactment of this section [Aug. 13, 1981] if, not later than 14 days after such date of enactment, application therefor is made to the Office of Personnel Management and to the head of the Agency in which the appointee was employed.

"(B) The provisions of section 3595(a), as added by subsection (a)(1), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1981].

"(3) The effectiveness of the amendments made by this section shall be subject to section 415(b) of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154] (5 U.S.C. 3131 note) to the same extent and manner as the amendments made by title IV of that Act."

(a) For the purposes of this section, "furlough" means the placement of a senior executive in a temporary status in which the senior executive has no duties and is not paid when the placement in such status is by reason of insufficient work or funds or for other nondisciplinary reasons.

(b) An agency may furlough a career appointee only in accordance with regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management.

(c) A career appointee who is furloughed is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §306(c)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3220.)

Section effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as an Effective Date of 1984 Amendment note under section 3393 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1167, §3595; renumbered §3596, Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756.)

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 renumbered section 3596 of this title as this section.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

An employee of any agency who accepts, with the consent of the head of that agency, a limited appointment in the Foreign Service under section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 is entitled, upon the expiration of that appointment, to be reemployed in that employee's former position or in a corresponding or higher position in that agency. Upon reemployment under this section, an employee shall be entitled to any within-grade increases in pay which the employee would have received if the employee had remained in the former position in the agency.

(Added Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2301(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2164.)

Section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in text, is classified to section 3949 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as a note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §114(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2869, and Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2004(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3704, amended chapter identically adding subchapter VII heading.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §114(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2869.)

1 Another section 3598 is set out after this section.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2004(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3703.)

1 Another section 3598 is set out preceding this section.


For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "agency" means an Executive agency, but does not include the Government Accountability Office; and

(2) the term "detail" means—

(A) the assignment or loan of an employee of an agency to a private sector organization without a change of position from the agency that employs the individual, or

(B) the assignment or loan of an employee of a private sector organization to an agency without a change of position from the private sector organization that employs the individual,

whichever is appropriate in the context in which such term is used.

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2925; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

**2004**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a)

(1) works in the field of information technology management;

(2) is considered an exceptional performer by the individual's current employer; and

(3) is expected to assume increased information technology management responsibilities in the future.

An employee of an agency shall be eligible to participate in this program only if the employee is employed at the GS–11 level or above (or equivalent) and is serving under a career or career-conditional appointment or an appointment of equivalent tenure in the excepted service, and applicable requirements of section 209(b) of the E-Government Act of 2002 are met with respect to the proposed assignment of such employee.

(b)

(1) require the employee to serve in the civil service, upon completion of the assignment, for a period equal to the length of the assignment; and

(2) provide that, in the event the employee fails to carry out the agreement (except for good and sufficient reason, as determined by the head of the agency from which assigned) the employee shall be liable to the United States for payment of all expenses of the assignment.

An amount under paragraph (2) shall be treated as a debt due the United States.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1) the need to ensure that small business concerns are appropriately represented with respect to the assignments described in sections 3703 and 3704, respectively; and

(2) how assignments described in section 3703 might best be used to help meet the needs of the agency for the training of employees in information technology management.

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2925.)

GS–11, referred to in subsec. (a), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section 209(b) of the E-Government Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 209(b) of Pub. L. 107–347, which is set out in a note under section 3501 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 107–347, which was approved Dec. 17, 2002.

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1110, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2493, as amended by Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XI, §1106, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1075(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 997; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1123, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2455; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title XI, §1112, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2820; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(7), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the employee—

"(A) works in the field of cyber operations or information technology management;

"(B) is considered by the Secretary of Defense to be an exceptional employee;

"(C) is expected to assume increased cyber operations or information technology management responsibilities in the future; and

"(D) is compensated at not less than the GS–11 level (or the equivalent); and

"(2) the proposed assignment meets applicable requirements of section 209(b) of the E-Government Act of 2002 [Pub. L. 107–347] (44 U.S.C. 3501 note).

"(b)

"(1) shall require that employees of the Department of Defense, upon completion of the assignment, will serve in the civil service for a period equal to the length of the assignment; and

"(2) shall provide that if the employee of the Department of Defense or of the private sector organization (as the case may be) fails to carry out the agreement, such employee shall be liable to the United States for payment of all expenses of the assignment, unless that failure was for good and sufficient reason, as determined by the Secretary of Defense.

An amount for which an employee is liable under paragraph (2) shall be treated as a debt due the United States.

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(1) may continue to receive pay and benefits from the private sector organization from which such employee is assigned;

"(2) is deemed to be an employee of the Department of Defense for the purposes of—

"(A) chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code;

"(B) sections 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 603, 606, 607, 643, 654, 1905, and 1913 of title 18, United States Code;

"(C) sections 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of title 31, United States Code;

"(D) the Federal Tort Claims Act [see Short Title note under section 2671 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] and any other Federal tort liability statute;

"(E) chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code;

"(F) section 1043 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 1043]; and

"(G) section 27 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act [now 41 U.S.C. 2101 et seq.]; and

"(3) may not have access to any trade secrets or to any other nonpublic information which is of commercial value to the private sector organization from which such employee is assigned.

"(f)

"(g)

"(1) shall ensure that, of the assignments made under this section each year, at least 20 percent are to or from small business concerns (as defined by section 3703(e)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code); and

"(2) shall take into consideration the question of how assignments under this section might best be used to help meet the needs of the Department of Defense with respect to the training of employees in cyber operations or information technology management.

"(h)

"(i)

"(1) nothing in this subsection shall, in the case of any assignment commencing under such section 1109 on or before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], affect—

"(A) the duration of such assignment or the authority to extend such assignment in accordance with subsection (d) of such section 1109, as last in effect; or

"(B) the terms or conditions of the agreement governing such assignment, including with respect to any service obligation under subsection (b) thereof; and

"(2) any employee whose assignment is allowed to continue by virtue of paragraph (1) shall be taken into account for purposes of the numerical limitation under subsection (h)."

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1109, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 358, which authorized the Secretary of Defense to arrange for the temporary assignment of a Department of Defense employee to a private sector organization under certain terms, conditions, and considerations, and for a limited period, and required the Secretary to submit to the Committees on Armed Services a report on the potential benefits of temporarily assigning information technology specialists from private sector organizations to the Department of Defense, was repealed, with certain exceptions, by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1110(i), formerly §1110(j), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2495, renumbered §1110(i), Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1075(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 997, see above.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) the term "small business concern" means a business concern that satisfies the definitions and standards specified by the Administrator of the Small Business Administration under section 3(a)(2) of the Small Business Act (as from time to time amended by the Administrator);

(B) the term "year" refers to the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this chapter, and each succeeding 12-month period in which any assignments under this chapter may be made; and

(C) the assignments "made" in a year are those commencing in such year.

(3)

(A) the total number of assignments made under this chapter from such agency to private sector organizations in the year;

(B) of that total number, the number (and percentage) made to small business concerns; and

(C) the reasons for the agency's noncompliance with paragraph (1).

(4)

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2926.)

The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (§§921, 922, 931–934, 941–946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substantially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28.

Section 3(a)(2) of the Small Business Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(A), is classified to section 632(a)(2) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (e)(2)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 107–347, which was approved Dec. 17, 2002.

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Committee on Small Business of Senate changed to Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship of Senate. See Senate Resolution No. 123, One Hundred Seventh Congress, June 29, 2001.

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a)

(b)

(1) may continue to receive pay and benefits from the private sector organization from which he is assigned;

(2) is deemed, notwithstanding subsection (a), to be an employee of the agency for the purposes of—

(A) chapter 73;

(B) sections 201, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209, 603, 606, 607, 643, 654, 1905, and 1913 of title 18;

(C) sections 1343, 1344, and 1349(b) of title 31;

(D) the Federal Tort Claims Act and any other Federal tort liability statute;

(E) chapter 131 of this title;

(F) section 1043 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(G) chapter 21 of title 41;

(3) may not have access to any trade secrets or to any other nonpublic information which is of commercial value to the private sector organization from which he is assigned; and

(4) is subject to such regulations as the President may prescribe.

The supervision of an employee of a private sector organization assigned to an agency under this chapter may be governed by agreement between the agency and the private sector organization concerned. Such an assignment may be made with or without reimbursement by the agency for the pay, or a part thereof, of the employee during the period of assignment, or for any contribution of the private sector organization to employee benefit systems.

(c)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2928; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(6), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(8), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354.)

The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(D), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (§§921, 922, 931–934, 941–946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substantially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28.

Section 1043 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(F), is classified to section 1043 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2022**—Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "chapter 131 of this title;" for "the Ethics in Government Act of 1978;".

**2011**—Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "chapter 21 of title 41" for "section 27 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act".

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2929.)

The District of Columbia Government Comprehensive Merit Personnel Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (b), is an act of the District of Columbia and is not classified to the Code.

The District of Columbia Campaign Finance Reform and Conflict of Interest Act, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 93–376, Aug. 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 447, which is not classified to the Code.

The Office of the Chief Technology Officer Establishment Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (c), is an act of the District of Columbia and is not classified to the Code.

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a)

(b)

(1) the total number of individuals assigned to, and the total number of individuals assigned from, each agency during such period;

(2) a brief description of each assignment included under paragraph (1), including—

(A) the name of the assigned individual, as well as the private sector organization and the agency (including the specific bureau or other agency component) to or from which such individual was assigned;

(B) the respective positions to and from which the individual was assigned, including the duties and responsibilities and the pay grade or level associated with each; and

(C) the duration and objectives of the individual's assignment; and

(3) such other information as the Office considers appropriate.

(c)

(1) shall be published in the Federal Register; and

(2) shall be made publicly available on the Internet.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2929.)

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(c)(1), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2930.)

Section effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.


**2004**—Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §201(b)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2312, added item 4121.

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1010(b), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 360, added item 4120.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1331(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2299, substituted "Academic degree training" for "Restriction on degree training" in item 4107.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2181(c)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732, struck out item 4113 "Agency review of training needs; annual program reports".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–226, §2(b)(2), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112, struck out item 4106 "Non-Government facilities; amount of training limited", substituted "Restriction on degree training" for "Non-Government facilities; restrictions" in item 4107, and struck out item 4114 "Non-Government facilities; review of training programs".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–346, §1(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1647, added item 4119.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency", subject to section 4102 of this title, means—

(A) an Executive department;

(B) an independent establishment;

(C) a Government corporation subject to chapter 91 of title 31;

(D) the Library of Congress;

(E) the Government Publishing Office; and

(F) the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "employee", subject to section 4102 of this title, means—

(A) an individual employed in or under an agency; and

(B) a commissioned officer of the Environmental Science Services Administration;

(3) "Government" means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia;

(4) "training" means the process of providing for and making available to an employee, and placing or enrolling the employee in, a planned, prepared, and coordinated program, course, curriculum, subject, system, or routine of instruction or education, in scientific, professional, technical, mechanical, trade, clerical, fiscal, administrative, or other fields which will improve individual and organizational performance and assist in achieving the agency's mission and performance goals;

(5) "Government facility" means property owned or substantially controlled by the Government and the services of any civilian and military personnel of the Government; and

(6) "non-Government facility" means—

(A) the government of a State or of a territory or possession of the United States including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and an interstate governmental organization, or a unit, subdivision, or instrumentality of any of the foregoing;

(B) a foreign government or international organization, or instrumentality of either, which is designated by the President as eligible to provide training under this chapter;

(C) a medical, scientific, technical, educational, research, or professional institution, foundation, or organization;

(D) a business, commercial, or industrial firm, corporation, partnership, proprietorship, or other organization;

(E) individuals other than civilian or military personnel of the Government; and

(F) the services and property of any of the foregoing furnishing the training.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 432; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §224(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(8), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(1), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2302. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §3, 72 Stat. 328. |


In paragraph (1), the word "agency" is substituted for "department". Reference to the "General Accounting Office" is omitted as included in "independent establishment" because of the definition in section 104.

In paragraph (2)(B), the words "in the Department of Commerce" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (6)(C), the word "agency" is omitted as unnecessary and to avoid confusion with the word "agency" defined by paragraph (1).

In paragraph (6)(E), the words "individuals other than civilian or military personnel of the Government" are substituted for "an individual not a civilian or military officer or employee of the Government of the United States or of the municipal government of the District of Columbia" to conform to paragraph (5).

The definition of "Commission" in former section 2302(4) is omitted as unnecessary as the title "Civil Service Commission" is fully set out the first time it is used in each section of this chapter.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1994**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 103–226 substituted "fields which will improve individual and organizational performance and assist in achieving the agency's mission and performance goals;" for "fields which are or will be directly related to the performance by the employee of official duties for the Government, in order to increase the knowledge, proficiency, ability, skill, and qualifications of the employee in the performance of official duties;".

**1982**—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "chapter 91" for "sections 846–852 or 856–859".

**1967**—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 90–206 substituted "Environmental Science Services Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey"

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1)(E) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3110 of this title.

For transfer of Environmental Science Services Administration to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, see Transfer of Functions note set out under section 5541 of this title.

Functions of President under subsec. (6)(B) of this section delegated to head of each agency concerned, see section 402 of Ex. Ord. No. 11348, Apr. 20, 1967, 32 F.R. 6335, set out as a note under section 4103 of this title.

(a)(1) This chapter does not apply to—

(A) a corporation supervised by the Farm Credit Administration if private interests elect or appoint a member of the board of directors;

(B) the Tennessee Valley Authority; or

(C) an individual (except a commissioned officer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) who is a member of a uniformed service during a period in which he is entitled to pay under section 204 of title 37.

(2) This chapter (except sections 4110 and 4111) does not apply to—

(A) the Foreign Service of the United States; or

(B) an individual appointed by the President, unless the individual is specifically designated by the President for training under this chapter.

(b) The President, at any time in the public interest, may—

(1) except an agency or part thereof, or an employee or group or class of employees therein, from this chapter or a provision thereof (except this section); and

(2) withdraw an exception made under this subsection.

However, the President may not except the Office of Personnel Management from a provision of this chapter which vests in or imposes on the Office a function, duty, or responsibility concerning any matter except the establishment, operation, and maintenance, in the same capacity as other agencies, of training programs and plans for its employees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(4), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(11), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), (19), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2303. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §4, 72 Stat. 329. May 26, 1959, Pub. L. 86–33, 73 Stat. 62. Aug. 2, 1962, Pub. L. 87–566, 76 Stat. 264. |


In subsection (a)(1), the exception for the President and Vice President is omitted as surplusage as these elected officers are not employed in or under an agency and thus are not included in the definition of "employee" in section 4101(2).

In subsection (a)(1)(C), the words "as defined by section 231(a) of Title 37" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "uniformed services" in section 2101(b). The words "section 204 of title 37" are substituted for "sections 232–234, 235, 236, 237, 238, and 239 of Title 37" on authority of section 12(b) of the Act of Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, 76 Stat. 497.

In subsection (a)(2)(B), the words "by the President" are coextensive with and substituted for "by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate or by the President alone".

In subsection (b)(1), reference to "section 21, and section 22" is omitted as unnecessary since the sections are not carried into this title, but are scheduled for repeal, see Table II.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(19), substituted "National Oceanic and Atmospheric" for "Environmental Science Services".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1975**—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out "(except a Postmaster)" after "an individual appointed by the President".

**1967**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 90–83 substituted "Environmental Science Services Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey." See Historical and Revision Notes under section 2101 of this title.

Amendments by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Functions of President under subsec. (b)(1) of this section delegated to Office of Personnel Management, see section 401(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 11348, Apr. 20, 1967, 32 F.R. 6335, set out as a note under section 4103 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, provided:

(a) Section 2(4), 6, 9(b)(1), 11, 12, 15, 16, and 18 [sections 4117, 4118, 4105(b)(1), 4108, 4106, 4114, 4115, and 1308(a)(4)(A)–(C), (b) and 4113(b) respectively of this title].

(b) The last sentence of section 5 [section 4113(a) of this title].

(c) That part of section 7 [section 4103(1) of this title] which reads "shall conform, on or after the effective date of the regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 6 of this Act [section 4118 of this title], to the principles, standards, and related requirements contained in such regulations then current,".

(d) That part of section 10 [section 4109(a) of this title] which reads "in accordance with regulations issued by the Commission under authority of section 6(a)(8) [section 4118(a)(8) of this title]."

Ex. Ord. No. 11531, May 26, 1970, 35 F.R. 8337, which related to the delegation of Presidential authority to designate United States Marshals and United States Attorneys for training, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11895, Jan. 6, 1976, 41 F.R. 1465, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11895, Jan. 6, 1976, 41 F.R. 1465, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) In order to assist in achieving an agency's mission and performance goals by improving employee and organizational performance, the head of each agency, in conformity with this chapter, shall establish, operate, maintain, and evaluate a program or programs, and a plan or plans thereunder, for the training of employees in or under the agency by, in, and through Government facilities and non-Government facilities. Each program, and plan thereunder, shall—

(1) conform to the principles, standards, and related requirements contained in the regulations prescribed under section 4118 of this title;

(2) provide for adequate administrative control by appropriate authority;

(3) provide that information concerning the selection and assignment of employees for training and the applicable training limitations and restrictions be made available to employees of the agency; and

(4) provide for the encouragement of self-training by employees by means of appropriate recognition of resultant increases in proficiency, skill, and capacity.

Two or more agencies jointly may operate under a training program.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, an agency may train any employee of the agency to prepare the employee for placement in another agency if the head of the agency determines that such training would be in the interests of the Government.

(2) In selecting an employee for training under this subsection, the head of the agency shall consider—

(A) the extent to which the current skills, knowledge, and abilities of the employee may be utilized in the new position;

(B) the employee's capability to learn skills and acquire knowledge and abilities needed in the new position; and

(C) the benefits to the Government which would result from such training.

(c) The head of each agency shall, on a regular basis—

(1) evaluate each program or plan established, operated, or maintained under subsection (a) with respect to accomplishing specific performance plans and strategic goals in performing the agency mission; and

(2) modify such program or plan as needed to accomplish such plans and goals.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966. 80 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §304, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1146; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §201(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2311.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2306. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §7, 72 Stat. 331. |


The words "Within two hundred and seventy days after the date of enactment of this Act [July 7, 1958]" are omitted as obsolete.

In paragraph (1), reference to the effective date of the regulations is omitted as obsolete.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2004**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–411 added subsec. (c).

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2)(A)(i), in introductory provisions, substituted "In order to assist in achieving an agency's mission and performance goals by improving employee and organizational performance, the head of each agency, in conformity with this chapter, shall establish, operate, maintain, and evaluate" for "In order to increase economy and efficiency in the operations of the agency and to raise the standards of performance by employees of their official duties to the maximum possible level of proficiency, the head of each agency, in conformity with this chapter, shall establish, operate, and maintain".

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2)(A)(ii)–(iv), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2)(B)(i), substituted "determines that such training would be in the interests of the Government." for "determines that the employee will otherwise be separated under conditions which would entitle the employee to severance pay under section 5595 of this title."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2)(B)(ii), (iii), redesignated par. (3) as (2), in subpar. (C) substituted "such training" for "retaining the employee in the Federal service", and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Before undertaking any training under this subsection, the head of the agency shall obtain verification from the Office of Personnel Management that there exists a reasonable expectation of placement in another agency."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(2)(B)(ii), redesignated par. (3) as (2).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–348, title I, §122, Jan. 5, 2023, 136 Stat. 6217, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) Human trafficking is inimical to every Federal agency's core values and inherently harmful and dehumanizing.

"(2) Through the adoption of a Code of Conduct, Federal agencies hold their personnel to similar standards that are required of contractors and subcontractors of the agency under Federal law.

"(3) Human trafficking is a violation of human rights and against Federal law.

"(4) The United States Government seeks to deter activities that would facilitate or support trafficking in persons.

"(b)

"(1) beginning not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2023], the head of every Federal agency should incorporate a module on human trafficking into its staff training requirements and menu of topics to be covered in the annual ethics training of such agency;

"(2) such staff trainings should teach employees how to prevent, identify, and report trafficking in persons;

"(3) Federal agencies that already provide counter trafficking-in-persons training for staff should share their curricula with agencies that do not have such curricula;

"(4) the head of each agency should inform all candidates for employment about the anti-trafficking provisions in the Code of Conduct of the agency;

"(5) employees of each Federal agency should sign acknowledgment of the agency's Code of Conduct, which should be kept in the file of the employee; and

"(6) a violation of the Code of Conduct should lead to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.

"(c)

"(1) a prohibition from engaging in human trafficking while employed by the Government in a full-time or part-time capacity;

"(2) a requirement that all Federal personnel, without regard to whether the person is stationed abroad, be sensitized to human trafficking and the ethical conduct requirements that prohibit the procurement of trafficking in persons;

"(3) a requirement that all such personnel be equipped with the necessary knowledge and tools to prevent, recognize, report, and address human trafficking offenses through a training for new personnel and through regular refresher courses offered every 2 years; and

"(4) a requirement that all such personnel report to the applicable inspector general and agency trafficking in persons point of contact any suspected cases of misconduct, waste, fraud, or abuse relating to trafficking in persons.

"(d)

"(1) shall be established or integrated into all applicable employee codes of conduct not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 5, 2023];

"(2) may not replace any preexisting code of conduct that contains more robust requirements than the requirements described in subsection (c); and

"(3) shall be signed by all personnel described in subsection (c) not later than 2 years after such date of enactment.

"(e)

"(1) the number of suspected violations reported;

"(2) the number of investigations;

"(3) the status and outcomes of such investigations; and

"(4) any recommended actions to improve the programs and operations of such agency."

Pub. L. 104–146, §9, May 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1373, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 101–416, §1, Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 902, authorized a 90-day extension of programs established under Pub. L. 99–424 for individuals who were participating in the program on the expiration date.

Pub. L. 99–424, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 964, as amended by Pub. L. 101–87, Aug. 16, 1989, 103 Stat. 595, authorized President to establish an experimental program, to be conducted during fiscal years 1987 through 1990, under which voluntary services could be accepted by the Government, without regard to 31 U.S.C. 1342.

Exception from provisions of subsec. (a)(1) of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from certain provisions of subsec. (a)(1) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 11348, Apr. 20, 1967, 32 F.R. 6335, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code and by section 2 of the Act of July 7, 1958 (72 Stat. 327), it is ordered as follows:

(b) "Interagency training" means training provided by one agency for other agencies or shared by two or more agencies.

(a) Advise the President on means for furthering and strengthening programs of training;

(b) Counsel heads of agencies and other agency officials on the improvement of training;

(c) Assist agencies to develop sound programs and financial plans for training and provide advice, information, and assistance to agencies on planning, programming, budgeting, operating, and evaluating training programs;

(d) Identify functional areas in which new or expanded interagency training activity is needed and either conduct such training or arrange for agencies having the substantive competence to do so;

(e) Coordinate interagency training conducted by and for agencies (including agencies and portions of agencies excepted by section 4102(a) of Title 5, United States Code);

(f) Encourage agencies to make appropriate use of non-Government training resources;

(g) Develop, install, and maintain a system to provide the training data needed to carry out its own functions and to provide staff assistance to the President; and

(h) Provide for identification and dissemination of findings of research into training technology and undertake or assign to other agencies, such research projects as may be needed.

(a) Foster employee self-development by creating a work environment in which self-development is encouraged, by assuring that opportunities for training and self-study materials are reasonably available, where the employee is stationed, and by recognizing self-initiated improvement in performance;

(b) Provide training for employees without regard to race, creed, color, national origin, sex, or other factors unrelated to the need for training;

(c) Establish and make full use of agency facilities for training employees;

(d) Extend agency training programs to employees of other agencies (including agencies and portions of agencies excepted by section 4102(a) of Title 5, United States Code) and assign his employees to interagency training whenever this will result in better training, improved service, or savings to the Government;

(e) Establish interagency training facilities in areas of substantive competence as arranged by the Office of Personnel Management; and

(f) Use non-Government training resources as appropriate.

(a) Review periodically, but not less often than annually, the agency's program to identify training needed to bring about more effective performance at the least possible cost;

(b) Conduct periodic reviews of individual employee's training needs as related to program objectives;

(c) Conduct research related to training objectives and required for program improvement and effectiveness;

(d) Plan, program, and evaluate training for both short and longrange program needs by occupations, organizations, or other appropriate groups;

(e) Establish priorities for needed training, and provide for the use of funds and manhours in accordance with these priorities;

(f) Utilize the flexibility of work assignments to provide work experience which promotes growth leading to higher quality and greater quantity of work done;

(g) Establish training facilities and services as needed;

(h) Monitor the effectiveness with which self-development is encouraged and on-the-job training is provided at all levels; and

(i) Establish criteria for the selection of employees for training; and

(j) Approve the acceptance of any contributions, awards, or payments to employees authorized by section 401(b) of this order and regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management.

(a) The authority under section 4102(b)(1) of Title 5, United States Code, to designate any agency or part thereof, or any employee or employees therein, as excepted from any provision of chapter 41, of Title 5, United States Code, other than sections 4102, 4111(b), and 4112; and to designate any such agency or part thereof, or any employee or employees therein previously excepted, as again subject to chapter 41 of Title 5, United States Code, or any provision of that chapter.

(b) The authority under section 4111(a) of Title 5, United States Code, to fix by regulation the extent to which the contributions, awards, and payments referred to in that section may be made to and accepted by employees.

Ex. Ord. No. 11451, Jan. 19, 1969, 34 F.R. 921, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which established the President's Commission on Personnel Interchange, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12136, May 15, 1979, 44 F.R. 28771, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12136, May 15, 1979, 44 F.R. 28771, which continued the President's Commission on Personnel Interchange and renamed it the President's Commission on Executive Exchange, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12493, Dec. 5, 1984, 49 F.R. 47819, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12493, Dec. 5, 1984, 49 F.R. 47819, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12516, May 21, 1985, 50 F.R. 21417; Ex. Ord. No. 12602, July 15, 1987, 52 F.R. 27187, which continued the President's Commission on Executive Exchange, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12760, §2, May 2, 1991, 56 F.R. 21062, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12574, Nov. 20, 1986, 51 F.R. 42199, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including the Executive Exchange Program Voluntary Services Act of 1986 (5 U.S.C. 4103 note, 100 Stat. 964), it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment of the Program*. Effective October 1, 1986, there is established, within the Executive Exchange Program of the President's Commission on Executive Exchange, an experimental program under which Executive agencies of the government may accept voluntary services for the United States from private sector participants in the Executive Exchange Program.

*Program Limits*. The experimental program shall be conducted during the fiscal years 1987 through 1989, and not more than ten individuals may commence participation in the program during any fiscal year. Acceptance of voluntary services from such individuals may not result in the displacement of any employee of the government.

*Participant Restrictions*. An individual participating in the experimental program shall be considered an employee of the agency to which assigned for purposes of any laws, rules, and regulations of the United States, except that such individual shall not be covered by chapters 51, 53, 63, 83, 87, or 89 of title 5, United States Code, or any comparable provisions relating to classification, pay, leave, retirement, life insurance, or health benefits for employees of the government.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 12760, May 2, 1991, 56 F.R. 21062, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

George Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13111, Jan. 12, 1999, 64 F.R. 2793, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13188, Jan. 12, 2001, 66 F.R. 5419; Ex. Ord. No. 13218, §3(a), June 20, 2001, 66 F.R. 33628; Ex. Ord. No. 13316, §3(a), Sept. 17, 2003, 68 F.R. 55255, provided:

Advances in technology and increased skills needs are changing the workplace at an ever increasing rate. These advances can make Federal employees more productive and provide improved service to our customers, the American taxpayers. We need to ensure that we continue to train Federal employees to take full advantage of these technological advances and to acquire the skills and learning needed to succeed in a changing workplace. A coordinated Federal effort is needed to provide flexible training opportunities to employees and to explore how Federal training programs, initiatives, and policies can better support lifelong learning through the use of learning technology.

To help us meet these goals, I am creating a task force on Federal training technology, directing Federal agencies to take certain steps to enhance employees' training opportunities through the use of training technology, and an advisory committee on the use of training technology, which also will explore options for financing the training and post-secondary education needed to upgrade skills and gain new knowledge.

Therefore, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], and in furtherance of the purposes of Chapter 41 of title 5, United States Code, the Government Employees Training Act of 1958 (Public Law 85–507 [see Tables for classification]), as amended, and Executive Order 11348, "Providing for the Further Training of Government Employees," [set out above] and in order to make effective use of technology to improve training opportunities for Federal Government employees, it is ordered as follows:

*Establishment of the President's Task Force on Federal Training Technology*. (a) The "President's Task Force on Federal Training Technology" (Task Force) is established. The Task Force shall provide leadership regarding the effective use of technology in training and education; make training opportunities an integral part of continuing employment in the Federal Government; and facilitate the ongoing coordination of Federal activities concerning the use of technology in training. The Task Force shall consist of the heads of the following departments and agencies or their representatives: the Departments of State, the Treasury, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, Labor, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, and Education; the Office of Personnel Management, General Services Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space and Administration, Small Business Administration, and Social Security Administration; a representative from the Small Agency Council; and representatives from other relevant agencies and related Federal councils, as determined by the Chair and Vice Chair of the Task Force.

(b) Within 30 days of the date of this order, the head of each agency or council shall designate a senior official to serve as a representative to the Task Force. The representative shall report directly to the agency head or the President's Management Council member on the agency's or council's activities under this order.

(c) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall be the Chair and the representative from the Department of Labor shall be the Vice Chair of the Task Force.

(d) The Chair and Vice Chair shall appoint an Executive Director.

(e) The Task Force member agencies shall provide any required staffing and funding, as appropriate.

*Duties of the Task Force*. (a) Within 18 months of the date of this order, the Task Force shall develop and recommend to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, a policy to make effective use of technology to improve training opportunities for Federal Government employees. The policy should promote and integrate the effective use of training technologies to create affordable and convenient training opportunities to improve Federal employee performance. The Task Force shall seek the views of experts from industry, academia, and State and local governments as the Task Force proceeds, as appropriate. Specifically, the Task Force shall:

(1) develop strategies to improve the efficiency and availability of training opportunities for Federal Government employees;

(2) form partnerships among key Federal agencies, State and local governments, businesses, universities, and other appropriate entities to promote the development and use of high-quality training opportunities;

(3) analyze the use of technology in existing training programs and policies of the Task Force member agencies to determine what changes, modifications, and innovations may be necessary to advance training opportunities;

(4) in consultation with the Department of Defense and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, recommend standards for training software and associated services purchased by Federal agencies and contractors. These standards should be consistent with voluntary industry consensus-based commercial standards. Agencies, where appropriate, should use these standards in procurements to promote reusable training component software and thereby reduce duplication in the development of courseware;

(5) evaluate and, where appropriate, coordinate and collaborate on, research and demonstration activities of Task Force member agencies related to Federal training technology;

(6) identify and support cross-agency training areas that would particularly benefit from new instructional technologies and facilitate multiagency procurement and use of training materials, where appropriate;

(7) in consultation with the General Services Administration, the Office of Personnel Management, and the Office of Federal Procurement Policy of the Office of Management and Budget (OFPP), promote existing and new procurement vehicles that allow agencies to provide innovative training opportunities for Federal employees;

(8) recommend changes that may be needed to existing procurement laws to further the objectives of this order and forward the recommendations to the Administrator of OFPP; and

(b) develop options and recommendations for establishing a Federal Individual Training Account for each Federal worker for training relevant to his or her Federal employment. To the extent permitted by law, such accounts may be established with the funds allocated to the agency for employee training. Approval for training would be within the discretion of the individual employee's manager. Options and recommendations shall be reported no later than 6 months from the date of this order.

*Duties of All Federal Agencies*. (a) Each Federal agency shall, to the extent permitted by law:

(1) include as part of its annual budget process a set of goals to provide the highest quality and most efficient training opportunities possible to its employees, and a set of performance measures of the quality and availability of training opportunities possible to its employees. Such measures should be, where appropriate, based on outcomes related to performance rather than time allocation;

(2) identify the resources necessary to achieve the aforementioned goals and performance measures articulated in its annual performance plan;

(3) and, where practicable, use the standards recommended by the Task Force and published by the Office of Personnel Management for purchasing training software and associated services; and

(4) subject to the availability of appropriations, post training courses, information, and other learning opportunities on the Department of Labor's America's Learning Exchange (ALX), or other appropriate information dissemination vehicles as determined by the Task Force, to make information about Federal training courses, information, and other learning opportunities widely available to Federal employees.

(b) Each Federal agency, to the extent permitted by law, is encouraged to consider how savings achieved through the efficient use of training technology can be reinvested in improved training for their employees.

*Duties of Specific Federal Agencies*. (a) In light of the Office of Personnel Management's responsibility for developing Government-wide training policy, coordinating and managing training policy programs, and providing technical assistance to Federal agencies, the Office of Personnel Management or other appropriate agency as determined by the Task Force shall:

(1) in consultation with the Task Force, the Department of Defense, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of Labor, and other appropriate agencies as determined by OPM, publish the standards for training software and associated services recommended by the Task Force; and

(2) ensure that qualification standards for civil service positions, where appropriate, reflect standard industry certification practices.

(b) The Department of Labor or other appropriate agency as determined by the Task Force shall, subject to the availability of appropriations:

(1) establish a specialized database for Federal training within the framework of the Department of Labor's ALX, or other appropriate information dissemination vehicles determined by the Task Force, to make information about Federal training courses, information, and other learning opportunities widely available to Federal employees;

(2) establish and maintain a training technology website for agencies to post training needs and to foster communication among the agencies and between public and private sector organizations to identify and meet common needs; and

(3) establish a staffed help desk and technology resource center to support Federal agencies using training technology and to facilitate the development of online training courses.

(c) The Department of Defense or other appropriate agency as determined by the Task Force shall:

(1) in consultation with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, lead Federal participation in business and university organizations charged with developing consensus standards for training software and associated services and lead the Federal review of the standards; and

(2) provide guidance to Defense agencies and advise the civilian agencies, as appropriate, on how best to use these standards for large-scale development and implementation of efficient and effective distributed learning technologies.

(d) Each Executive department shall designate at least one subject area of training that it will use to demonstrate opportunities in technology-based training and assign an agency leader in the designated area. Leaders in these training technology experiments shall work closely with other agencies with similar training interests. Each Executive department shall develop a plan for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and benefits to employees and the agency for each designated subject area.

[

*Definitions*. (a) As used in this order, the terms "agency," "employee," "Government," and "training" have the meaning given to those terms, respectively, by section 4101 of title 5, United States Code.

(b) The term "technology," means any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information, including computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources. For purposes of the preceding sentence, equipment is used by an Executive agency if the equipment is used by the Executive agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the Executive agency that requires the use of such equipment. The term "technology" does not include any equipment that is acquired by a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract.

*Judicial Review*. This order does not create any enforceable rights against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.

Ex. Ord. No. 13950, Sept. 22, 2020, 85 F.R. 60683, which prohibited certain workplace training relating to race and gender in the Federal workforce, Uniformed Services, and Federal contractors, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13985, §10(a), Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7012, set out in a note under section 601 of this title.

An agency program for the training of employees by, in, and through Government facilities under this chapter shall—

(1) provide for training, insofar as practicable, by, in, and through Government facilities under the jurisdiction or control of the agency; and

(2) provide for the making by the agency, to the extent necessary and appropriate, of agreements with other agencies in any branch of the Government, on a reimbursable basis when requested by the other agencies, for—

(A) use of Government facilities under the jurisdiction or control of the other agencies in any branch of the Government; and

(B) extension to employees of the agency of training programs of other agencies.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 434.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2307. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §8, 72 Stat. 331. |


In paragraph (2), the words "other agencies in any branch of the Government" and "the other agencies" are coextensive with and substituted for "other departments, and with other agencies in any branch of the Government" and "such other departments and agencies". This is so because "other agencies in any branch of the Government" is broader than "agency" as defined for the purpose of this chapter in section 4101(1).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The head of an agency, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, may make agreements or other arrangements for the training of employees of the agency by, in, or through non-Government facilities under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(3), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(7), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2308. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §9, 72 Stat. 331. |


In subsection (a), the word "appropriate" is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "by, in, and through non-Government facilities" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the previous reference in the subsection.

In subsection (b)(2), the word "appropriate" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–226 struck out subsec. (a) designation and subsecs. (b) and (c), which read as follows:

"(b) An agency program for the training of employees by, in, and through non-Government facilities under this chapter shall—

"(1) provide that information concerning the selection and assignment of employees for training and the applicable training limitations and restrictions be made available to employees of the agency; and

"(2) give consideration to the needs and requirements of the agency in recruiting and retaining scientific, professional, technical, and administrative employees.

"(c) In order to protect the Government concerning payment and reimbursement of training expenses, each agency shall prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary to implement the regulations prescribed under section 4118(a)(8) of this title."

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, related to limitations on amount of training of employees through non-Government facilities.

(a) Subject to subsection (b), an agency may select and assign an employee to academic degree training and may pay or reimburse the costs of academic degree training from appropriated or other available funds if such training—

(1) contributes significantly to—

(A) meeting an identified agency training need;

(B) resolving an identified agency staffing problem; or

(C) accomplishing goals in the strategic plan of the agency;

(2) is part of a planned, systemic, and coordinated agency employee development program linked to accomplishing the strategic goals of the agency; and

(3) is accredited and is provided by a college or university that is accredited by a nationally recognized body.

(b) In exercising authority under subsection (a), an agency shall—

(1) consistent with the merit system principles set forth in paragraphs (2) and (7) of section 2301(b), take into consideration the need to—

(A) maintain a balanced workforce in which women, members of racial and ethnic minority groups, and persons with disabilities are appropriately represented in Government service; and

(B) provide employees effective education and training to improve organizational and individual performance;

(2) assure that the training is not for the sole purpose of providing an employee an opportunity to obtain an academic degree or qualify for appointment to a particular position for which the academic degree is a basic requirement;

(3) assure that no authority under this subsection is exercised on behalf of any employee occupying or seeking to qualify for—

(A) a noncareer appointment in the senior Executive Service; or

(B) appointment to any position that is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential policy-determining, policy-making or policy-advocating character; and

(4) to the greatest extent practicable, facilitate the use of online degree training.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 435; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1659; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1121], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–315; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1331(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2298.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2313. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §14, 72 Stat. 334. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2318(d). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §19(d), 72 Stat. 336. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2312. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §13, 72 Stat. 334. |


The prohibitions are restated in positive form.

In subsection (a)(2), the words "Executive order" are substituted for "Executive orders of the President".

In subsection (c), the words "under authority of this chapter" and "by the Government" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions authorizing selection and assignment of employees for academic degree training and payment or reimbursement of costs, for provisions relating to restrictions on degree training or the payment or reimbursement of the costs of training and provisions setting forth exceptions and special rules with respect to employees of the Department of Defense.

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1121(1)], substituted "subsections (b) and (c)" for "subsection (b)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1121(2)], substituted "subsection (a) or (c)" for "subsection (a)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1121(3)], added subsec. (c).

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5)(A), substituted "Restriction on degree training" for "Non-Government facilities; restrictions" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5)(B), (C), redesignated subsec. (c) as (a), in introductory provisions substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (d)" and struck out "by, in, or through a non-Government facility" after "employee for training", and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "Appropriations or other funds available to an agency are not available for payment for training an employee—

"(1) by, in or through a non-Government facility which teaches or advocates the overthrow of the Government of the United States by force or violence; or

"(2) by or through an individual concerning whom determination has been made by a proper Government administrative or investigatory authority that, on the basis of information or evidence developed in investigations and procedures authorized by law or Executive order, there exists a reasonable doubt of his loyalty to the United States."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5)(B), (D), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b), substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (c)" in par. (1), and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "This chapter does not authorize training an employee by, in, or through a non-Government facility a substantial part of the activities of which is—

"(1) carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation; or

"(2) participating or intervening, including publishing or distributing statements, in a political campaign on behalf of a candidate for public office."

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(5)(B), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (a) and (b), respectively.

**1990**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(a)(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, this" for "This" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(a)(2), added subsec. (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

(a) An employee selected for training for more than a minimum period prescribed by the head of the agency shall agree in writing with the Government before assignment to training that he will—

(1) continue in the service of his agency after the end of the training period for a period at least equal to three times the length of the training period unless he is involuntarily separated from the service of his agency; and

(2) pay to the Government the amount of the additional expenses incurred by the Government in connection with his training if he is voluntarily separated from the service of his agency before the end of the period for which he has agreed to continue in the service of his agency.

(b) The payment agreed to under subsection (a)(2) of this section may not be required of an employee who leaves the service of his agency to enter into the service of another agency in any branch of the Government unless the head of the agency that authorized the training notifies the employee before the effective date of his entrance into the service of the other agency that payment will be required under this section.

(c) If an employee, except an employee relieved of liability under subsection (b) of this section or section 4102(b) of this title, fails to fulfill his agreement to pay to the Government the additional expenses incurred by the Government in connection with his training, a sum equal to the amount of the additional expenses of training is recoverable by the Government from the employee or his estate by—

(1) setoff against accrued pay, compensation, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due the employee from the Government; and

(2) such other method as is provided by law for the recovery of amounts owing to the Government.

The head of the agency concerned, under the regulations prescribed under section 4118 of this title, may waive in whole or in part a right of recovery under this subsection, if it is shown that the recovery would be against equity and good conscience or against the public interest.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 435; Pub. L. 98–224, §5(a), Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(6), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(g)(1)(B), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2932.)

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5 U.S.C. 2310. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §11, 72 Stat. 332. |


In subsection (a), the last sentence of former section 2310(a) is omitted as included in the first sentence of the revised subsection.

In subsection (b), the words, "another agency in any branch of the Government" are coextensive with and substituted for "another department or of any other agency in any branch of the Government". This is so because "agency in any branch of the Government" is broader than "agency" as defined for the purpose of this chapter in section 4101(1).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2002**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–347 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "For purposes of this section, 'training' includes a private sector assignment of an employee participating in the Executive Exchange Program of the President's Commission on Executive Exchange."

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–226 substituted "for more than a minimum period prescribed by the head of the agency" for "by, in, or through a non-Government facility under this chapter".

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–224 added subsec. (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–347 effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Exception from provisions of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from provisions of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

(a) The head of an agency, under the regulations prescribed under section 4118(a)(8) of this title and from appropriations or other funds available to the agency, may—

(1) pay all or a part of the pay (except overtime, holiday, or night differential pay) of an employee of the agency selected and assigned for training under this chapter, for the period of training; and

(2) pay, or reimburse the employee for, all or a part of the necessary expenses of the training, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31, including among the expenses the necessary costs of—

(A) travel and per diem instead of subsistence under subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title or, in the case of commissioned officers of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, sections 405 and 452 of title 37, and the Joint Travel Regulations for the Uniformed Services;

(B) transportation of immediate family, household goods and personal effects, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking under section 5724 of this title or, in the case of commissioned officers of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, sections 452 and 453(c) of title 37, and the Joint Travel Regulations for the Uniformed Services, when the estimated costs of transportation and related services are less than the estimated aggregate per diem payments for the period of training;

(C) tuition and matriculation fees;

(D) library and laboratory services;

(E) purchase or rental of books, materials, and supplies; and

(F) other services or facilities directly related to the training of the employee.

(b) The expenses of training do not include membership fees except to the extent that the fee is a necessary cost directly related to the training itself or that payment of the fee is a condition precedent to undergoing the training.

(c) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, may pay an individual training to be an air traffic controller of such Administration, and the Secretary of Defense may pay an individual training to be an air traffic controller of the Department of Defense, during the period of such training, at the applicable rate of basic pay for the hours of training officially ordered or approved in excess of forty hours in an administrative workweek.

(d) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1), a firefighter who is subject to section 5545b of this title shall be paid basic pay and overtime pay for the firefighter's regular tour of duty while attending agency sanctioned training.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 90–83, § 1(4), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(19), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(9), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 97–276, §151(a), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1200; Pub. L. 98–224, §5(b)(2), Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2635; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(17), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(c)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(f)(4)(B), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §626(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2628.)

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5 U.S.C. 2309. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §10, 72 Stat. 332. |


In subsection (a)(1) and (2), the words "training under this chapter" and "the training" are substituted for "training by, in, or through Government facilities or non-Government facilities under authority of this chapter" and "such training", respectively.

In subsection (a)(2)(A), the words "and the Standardized Government Travel Regulations" are omitted as included by the reference to "subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title".

In subsection (a)(2)(A) and (B), the words "sections 404 and 405 of title 37" and "sections 406 and 409 of title 37" are substituted for the references to "section 253 of title 37" on authority of section 12(b) of the Act of Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, 76 Stat. 497.

In subsection (a)(2)(B), the words "under section 5724 of this title" are substituted for "in accordance with section 73b–1 of this title, and Executive Order Numbered 9805, as amended" to reflect the codification of former section 73b–1 in this title and in view of the revocation of Executive Order No. 9805 by Executive Order No. 11012 of Mar. 27, 1962. The reference only to section 5724 is sufficient since that section contains the applicable substantive law, including the authority of the President to prescribe regulations.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2022**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(b)(1)(A), substituted "sections 405 and 452" for "sections 474 and 475".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(b)(1)(B), substituted "sections 452 and 453(c)" for "sections 476 and 479".

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(a)(9), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 112–81, §631(f)(4)(B). See 2011 Amendment note below.

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 112–81, §631(f)(4)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(a)(9), substituted "474" for "404" and "475" for "405" in subpar. (A), and "476" for "406" and "479" for "409" in subpar. (B).

**1998**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–277 added subsec. (d).

**1992**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out subsec. (d) which made revolving fund referred to in section 1304(e)(1) of this title available for costs of education and related travel of participants in such program, for printing, and for entertainment expenses, and which required crediting of participation fees to revolving fund.

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–525 inserted "and the Secretary of Defense may pay an individual training to be an air traffic controller of the Department of Defense,".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–224 added subsec. (d).

**1982**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3324(a) and (b)" for "section 529".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–276 added subsec. (c).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "National Oceanic and Atmospheric" for "Environmental Science Services" in cls. (A) and (B).

**1967**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90–83 substituted "Environmental Science Services Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey" in cls. (A) and (B). See Historical and Revision Notes under section 2101 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1947, provided that the amendment made by section 1076(a)(9) is effective Dec. 31, 2011, and as if included in Pub. L. 112–81 as enacted.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(e)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 5545b of this title and amending this section and sections 5542 and 8331 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after October 1, 1998."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Oct. 1, 1991, see section 9(b)(3) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(f), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2636, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 5532, 5546a, 5547, and 8344 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1984."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–276 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning after Oct. 2, 1982, see section 151(h)(2) of Pub. L. 97–276, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5546a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Exception from introductory provisions of subsec. (a) of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from certain introductory provisions of subsec. (a) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

Appropriations available to an agency for travel expenses are available for expenses of attendance at meetings which are concerned with the functions or activities for which the appropriation is made or which will contribute to improved conduct, supervision, or management of the functions or activities.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 436.)

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5 U.S.C. 2318(b). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §19(b), 72 Stat. 336. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) To the extent authorized by regulation of the President, contributions and awards incident to training in non-Government facilities, and payment of travel, subsistence, and other expenses incident to attendance at meetings, may be made to and accepted by an employee, without regard to section 209 of title 18, if the contributions, awards, and payments are made by an organization determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an organization described by section 501(c)(3) of title 26 which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of title 26.

(b) When a contribution, award, or payment, in cash or in kind, is made to an employee for travel, subsistence, or other expenses under subsection (a) of this section, an appropriate reduction, under regulations of the President, shall be made from payment by the Government to the employee for travel, subsistence, or other expenses incident to training in a non-Government facility or to attendance at a meeting.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381.)

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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2318(a). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §19(a), 72 Stat. 336. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2318(c). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §19(c), 72 Stat. 336. |


In subsection (a), the words "section 209 of title 18" are substituted for "section 1914 of title 18" on authority of the Act of Oct. 23, 1962, Pub. L. 87–849, §2, 76 Stat. 1126.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Functions vested by law (including reorganization plan) in Bureau of the Budget or Director of Bureau of the Budget transferred to President by section 101 of 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, set out in the Appendix to this title. Section 102 of 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, redesignated Bureau of the Budget as Office of Management and Budget.

Functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section delegated to Office of Personnel Management, see section 401(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 11348, Apr. 20, 1967, 32 F.R. 6335, set out as a note under section 4103 of this title.

Functions of President under subsec. (b) of this section delegated to Director of Office of Management and Budget, see Ex. Ord. No. 12152, Aug. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 48143, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

(a) The President, to the extent he considers practicable, shall provide by regulation for the absorption of the costs of the training programs and plans under this chapter by the respective agencies from applicable appropriations or funds available for each fiscal year.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section may not be held or considered to require—

(1) the separation of an individual from the service by reduction in force or other personnel action; or

(2) the placement of an individual in a leave-without-pay status.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381.)

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5 U.S.C. 2319. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §23, 72 Stat. 338. |


In subsection (a), the words "for each fiscal year" are substituted for "for the fiscal year in which this chapter is enacted and for each succeeding fiscal year".

In subsection (b), the prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section delegated to Director of Office of Management and Budget, see Ex. Ord. No. 12152, Aug. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 48143, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(7), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112, related to agency review of training needs and annual program reports.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, related to review of employee training programs at non-Government facilities.

The Office of Personnel Management, to the extent it considers appropriate in the public interest, may collect information concerning training programs, plans, and the methods inside and outside the Government. The Office, on request, may make the information available to an agency and to Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 2315. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §16, 72 Stat. 335. |


In the first sentence, the words "from time to time" are omitted as unnecessary. In the second sentence, the word "appropriate" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Exception from provisions of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from provisions of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management, on request of an agency, shall advise and assist in the establishment, operation, and maintenance of the training programs and plans of the agency under this chapter, to the extent of its facilities and personnel available for that purpose.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 2316. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §17, 72 Stat. 335. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management has the responsibility and authority for effective promotion and coordination of the training programs under this chapter and training operations thereunder. The functions, duties, and responsibilities of the Office under this chapter are subject to supervision and control by the President and review by Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 2301(4). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §2(4), 72 Stat. 328. | |

5 U.S.C. 2318(e). | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §19(e), 72 Stat. 336. |


Former sections 2301(4) and 2318(e) are combined and restated for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Exception from provisions of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from certain provisions of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, after considering the needs and requirements of each agency for training its employees and after consulting with the agencies principally concerned, shall prescribe regulations containing the principles, standards, and related requirements for the programs, and plans thereunder, for the training of employees under this chapter, including requirements for coordination of and reasonable uniformity in the agency training programs and plans. The regulations shall provide for the maintenance of necessary information concerning the general conduct of the training activities of each agency, and such other information as is necessary to enable the President and Congress to discharge effectively their respective duties and responsibilities for supervision, control, and review of these training programs. The regulations also shall cover—

(1) requirements concerning the determination and continuing review by each agency of its training needs and requirements;

(2) the scope and conduct of the agency training programs and plans;

(3) the selection and assignment of employees of each agency for training;

(4) the use in each agency of the services of employees who have undergone training;

(5) the evaluation of the results and effects of the training programs and plans;

(6) the interchange of training information among the agencies;

(7) the submission of reports by the agencies on results and effects of training programs and plans and economies resulting therefrom, including estimates of costs of training;

(8) requirements and limitations necessary with respect to payments and reimbursements in accordance with section 4109 of this title; and

(9) other matters considered appropriate or necessary by the Office to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b) The Office, in accordance with this chapter, may revise, supplement, or abolish regulations prescribed under this section, and prescribe additional regulations.

(c) This section does not authorize the Office to prescribe the types and methods of intra-agency training or to regulate the details of intra-agency training programs.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(9), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112.)

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5 U.S.C. 2305. | July 7, 1958, Pub. L. 85–507, §6, 72 Stat. 329. |


In subsection (a), the word "appropriate" is omitted as unnecessary. The words "with respect to training by, in, and through Government facilities and non-Government facilities" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b)(2) and (3), the words "by, in, or through a non-Government facility" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the previous reference in the subsection.

In subsection (c), the words "From time to time" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (d), the prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(9)(A), struck out before semicolon at end "by, in, and through non-Government facilities".

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 103–226, §2(a)(9)(B), (C), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "In addition to the matters set forth by subsection (a) of this section, the regulations, concerning training of employees by, in, or through non-Government facilities, shall—

"(1) prescribe general policies governing the selection of a non-Government facility to provide training;

"(2) authorize training of employees only after the head of the agency concerned determines that adequate training for employees by, in, or through a Government facility is not reasonably available, and that consideration has been given to the existing or reasonably foreseeable availability and use of fully trained employees; and

"(3) prohibit training an employee for the purpose of filling a position by promotion if there is in the agency concerned another employee, of equal ability and suitability, fully qualified to fill the position and available at, or within a reasonable distance from, the place where the duties of the position are to be performed."

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (c), (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Exception from provisions of this section of those elements of the Department of Homeland Security that are supervised by the Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection through the Department's Assistant Secretary for Information Analysis, see Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §86, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10632, set out as a note under section 111 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Exception of Central Intelligence Agency from provisions of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 10805, Feb. 18, 1959, 24 F.R. 1301, set out as a note under section 4102 of this title.

(a) The Architect of the Capitol may, by regulation, make applicable such provisions of this chapter as the Architect determines necessary to provide for training of (1) individuals employed under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol and the Botanic Garden and (2) other congressional employees who are subject to the administrative control of the Architect. The regulations shall provide for training which, in the determination of the Architect, is consistent with the training provided by agencies under the preceding sections of this chapter.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide the Architect of the Capitol with such advice and assistance as the Architect may request in order to enable the Architect to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 97–346, §1(a), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1647.)

(a) The Chief of the Capitol Police may, by regulation, make applicable such provisions of this chapter as the Chief determines necessary to provide for training of employees of the Capitol Police. The regulations shall provide for training which, in the determination of the Chief, is consistent with the training provided by agencies under the preceding sections of this chapter.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide the Chief of the Capitol Police with such advice and assistance as the Chief may request in order to enable the Chief to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 108–7, div. H, title I, §1010(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 360.)

In consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, the head of each agency shall establish—

(1) a comprehensive management succession program to provide training to employees to develop managers for the agency; and

(2) a program to provide training to managers on actions, options, and strategies a manager may use in—

(A) relating to employees with unacceptable performance;

(B) mentoring employees and improving employee performance and productivity; and

(C) conducting employee performance appraisals.

(Added Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §201(b)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2311.)




**1993**—Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(B)(ii), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, struck out item 4302a "Establishment of performance appraisal systems for performance management and recognition system employees".

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §202(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216, added item 4302a.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), title IV, §405(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, 1170, in chapter heading substituted "APPRAISAL" for "RATING", added heading for subchapter I, in item 4302 substituted "Establishment of performance appraisal systems" for "Performance-rating plans; establishment of", in item 4303 substituted "Actions based on unacceptable performance" for "Performance-rating plans; requirements for", in item 4304 substituted "Responsibilities of Office of Personnel Management" for "Ratings for performance", in item 4305 substituted "Regulations" for "Review of ratings", struck out items 4306 to 4308 "Performance-rating plans; inspection of", "Other rating procedures prohibited", and "Regulations", respectively, and added item for subchapter II and items 4311 to 4315.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(20), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382, added heading for subchapter I.

Except as otherwise expressly provided, for the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency; and

(B) the Government Publishing Office;

but does not include—

(i) a Government corporation;

(ii) the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, or any Executive agency or unit thereof which is designated by the President and the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; or

(iii) the Government Accountability Office;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency, but does not include—

(A) an employee outside the United States who is paid in accordance with local native prevailing wage rates for the area in which employed;

(B) an individual in the Foreign Service of the United States;

(C) a physician, dentist, nurse, or other employee in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs whose pay is fixed under chapter 73 of title 38;

(D) an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title;

(E) an individual in the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service;

(F) an individual appointed by the President;

(G) an individual occupying a position not in the competitive service excluded from coverage of this subchapter by regulations of the Office of Personnel Management; or

(H) an individual who (i) is serving in a position under a temporary appointment for less than one year, (ii) agrees to serve without a performance evaluation, and (iii) will not be considered for a reappointment or for an increase in pay based in whole or in part on performance; and

(3) "unacceptable performance" means performance of an employee which fails to meet established performance standards in one or more critical elements of such employee's position.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(8), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(f), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(e), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1661; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(2), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(e), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(d)(4), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1621.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2001. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §2, 64 Stat. 1098. | |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §601(a), 68 Stat. 1115. | ||

June 17, 1957, Pub. L. 85–56, §2201(21), 71 Stat. 159. | ||

July 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85–101, 71 Stat. 293. | ||

Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(p), 72 Stat. 1266. | ||

Mar. 26, 1964, Pub. L. 88–290, "Sec. 306(b)", 78 Stat. 170. |


In paragraph (1), the term "Executive agency" is substituted for the reference to "executive departments, the independent establishments and agencies in the executive branch, including corporations wholly owned by the United States" and "the General Accounting Office". The exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is added in subparagraph (vii) to preserve the application of this chapter to "corporations wholly owned by the United States". The exceptions for Production credit corporations and Federal intermediate credit banks in former section 2001(b)(5), (6) are omitted as they are no longer "corporations wholly owned by the United States". Under the Farm Credit Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 659, the production credit corporations were merged in the Federal intermediate credit banks, and pursuant to that Act the Federal intermediate credit banks have ceased to be corporations owned by the United States. The exceptions for Federal land banks and banks for cooperatives in former section 2001(b)(7), (8) are omitted as included within the exception of "a Government controlled corporation" in subparagraph (vii).

Paragraph (2) is supplied because the definition of "employee" in section 2105 does not encompass individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia. The definition in paragraph (2) does not encompass members of the uniformed services as they are not "employed" in or under an agency.

Paragraph (2)(E) is based on the third and fifth sentences, respectively, of former sections 1010 and 1011, which are carried into sections 5362 and 559, respectively, and section 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 972.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91, in introductory provisions, substituted "Except as otherwise expressly provided, for the purpose of" for "For the purpose of".

**2008**—Par. (1)(ii) Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2004**—Par. (1)(iii). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1996**—Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 103–359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,".

**1991**—Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration".

**1990**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which included Administrative Office of United States Courts within definition of "agency".

Par. (2)(H). Pub. L. 101–510 added subpar. (H).

**1988**—Par. (2)(E). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted provisions defining "agency", "employee", and "unacceptable performance" for provisions defining "agency" and "employee".

Par. (2)(E). Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "administrative law judge" for "hearing examiner".

**1970**—Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed cl. (ii) which excluded postal field service from definition of "agency".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1)(B) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

(a) Each agency shall develop one or more performance appraisal systems which—

(1) provide for periodic appraisals of job performance of employees;

(2) encourage employee participation in establishing performance standards; and

(3) use the results of performance appraisals as a basis for training, rewarding, reassigning, promoting, reducing in grade, retaining, and removing employees.

(b)(1) The head of each agency, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the Special Counsel, shall develop criteria that—

(A) the head of the agency shall use as a critical element for establishing the job requirements of a supervisory employee; and

(B) promote the protection of whistleblowers.

(2) The criteria required under paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) principles for the protection of whistleblowers, such as the degree to which supervisory employees—

(i) respond constructively when employees of the agency make disclosures described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 2302(b)(8);

(ii) take responsible actions to resolve the disclosures described in clause (i); and

(iii) foster an environment in which employees of the agency feel comfortable making disclosures described in clause (i) to supervisory employees or other appropriate authorities; and

(B) for each supervisory employee—

(i) whether the agency entered into an agreement with an individual who alleged that the supervisory employee committed a prohibited personnel practice; and

(ii) if the agency entered into an agreement described in clause (i), the number of instances in which the agency entered into such an agreement with respect to the supervisory employee.

(3) In this subsection—

(A) the term "agency" means any entity the employees of which are covered under paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 2302(b), without regard to whether any other provision of this section is applicable to the entity;

(B) the term "prohibited personnel practice" has the meaning given the term in section 2302(a)(1);

(C) the term "supervisory employee" means an employee who would be a supervisor, as defined in section 7103(a), if the agency employing the employee was an agency for purposes of chapter 71; and

(D) the term "whistleblower" means an employee who makes a disclosure described in section 2302(b)(8).

(c) Under regulations which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe, each performance appraisal system shall provide for—

(1) establishing performance standards which will, to the maximum extent feasible, permit the accurate evaluation of job performance on the basis of objective criteria (which may include the extent of courtesy demonstrated to the public) related to the job in question for each employee or position under the system;

(2) as soon as practicable, but not later than October 1, 1981, with respect to initial appraisal periods, and thereafter at the beginning of each following appraisal period, communicating to each employee the performance standards and the critical elements of the employee's position;

(3) evaluating each employee during the appraisal period on such standards;

(4) recognizing and rewarding employees whose performance so warrants;

(5) assisting employees in improving unacceptable performance; and

(6) reassigning, reducing in grade, or removing employees who continue to have unacceptable performance but only after an opportunity to demonstrate acceptable performance.

(d) In accordance with regulations which the Office shall prescribe, the head of an agency may administer and maintain a performance appraisal system electronically.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1132; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(18), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1104], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–311; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(d)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1619.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2002. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §3, 64 Stat. 1098. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2017**—Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 115–91 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively.

**2000**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–398 added subsec. (c).

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted a period for semicolon at end.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Establishment of performance appraisal systems" for "Performance-rating plans; establishment of" in section catchline and in text substituted provisions relating to the establishment of a performance appraisal system, for provisions relating to the establishment of performance-rating plans.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(d)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1620, provided that:

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) the number of performance appraisals, for the year covered by the report, that determined that an employee of the agency failed to meet the standards for protecting whistleblowers that were established under section 4302(b) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1);

"(ii) the reasons for the determinations described in clause (i); and

"(iii) each performance-based or corrective action taken by the agency in response to a determination under clause (i)."

Section, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §202(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3214; amended Pub. L. 101–103, §5(a), Sept. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 102–22, §2(a), Mar. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 71, related to the establishment of performance appraisal systems for performance management and recognition system employees.

Repeal effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as an Effective Date of 1993 Amendment note under section 3372 of this title.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this section, an agency may reduce in grade or remove an employee for unacceptable performance.

(b)(1) An employee whose reduction in grade or removal is proposed under this section is entitled to—

(A) 30 days' advance written notice of the proposed action which identifies—

(i) specific instances of unacceptable performance by the employee on which the proposed action is based; and

(ii) the critical elements of the employee's position involved in each instance of unacceptable performance;

(B) be represented by an attorney or other representative;

(C) a reasonable time to answer orally and in writing; and

(D) a written decision which—

(i) in the case of a reduction in grade or removal under this section, specifies the instances of unacceptable performance by the employee on which the reduction in grade or removal is based, and

(ii) unless proposed by the head of the agency, has been concurred in by an employee who is in a higher position than the employee who proposed the action.

(2) An agency may, under regulations prescribed by the head of such agency, extend the notice period under subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section for not more than 30 days. An agency may extend the notice period for more than 30 days only in accordance with regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management.

(c) The decision to retain, reduce in grade, or remove an employee—

(1) shall be made within 30 days after the date of expiration of the notice period, and

(2) in the case of a reduction in grade or removal, may be based only on those instances of unacceptable performance by the employee—

(A) which occurred during the 1-year period ending on the date of the notice under subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section in connection with the decision; and

(B) for which the notice and other requirements of this section are complied with.

(d) If, because of performance improvement by the employee during the notice period, the employee is not reduced in grade or removed, and the employee's performance continues to be acceptable for 1 year from the date of the advance written notice provided under subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section, any entry or other notation of the unacceptable performance for which the action was proposed under this section shall be removed from any agency record relating to the employee.

(e) Any employee who is—

(1) a preference eligible;

(2) in the competitive service; or

(3) in the excepted service and covered by subchapter II of chapter 75,

and who has been reduced in grade or removed under this section is entitled to appeal the action to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701.

(f) This section does not apply to—

(1) the reduction to the grade previously held of a supervisor or manager who has not completed the probationary period under section 3321(a)(2) of this title,

(2) the reduction in grade or removal of an employee in the competitive service who is serving a probationary or trial period under an initial appointment or who has not completed 1 year of current continuous employment under other than a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less,

(3) the reduction in grade or removal of an employee in the excepted service who has not completed 1 year of current continuous employment in the same or similar positions, or

(4) any removal or demotion under section 714 of title 38.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1133; Pub. L. 101–376, §2(b), Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 115–41, title II, §202(b)(2), June 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 873.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2004. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §5, 64 Stat. 1098. |


The words "required by this chapter" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2017**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 115–41 added par. (4).

**1990**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–376 amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Any employee who is a preference eligible or is in the competitive service and who has been reduced in grade or removed under this section is entitled to appeal the action to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title."

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Actions based on unacceptable performance" for "Performance-rating plans; requirements for" in section catchline and in text substituted provisions relating to actions based on unacceptable performance, for provisions relating to requirements for performance-rating plans.

Pub. L. 101–376, §2(c), Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 462, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 7511 of this title] shall apply with respect to any personnel action taking effect on or after the effective date of this Act [see below]."

Pub. L. 101–376, §4, Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 463, provided that: "This Act and the amendments made by this Act [amending this section, sections 7511 and 7701 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 7501 of this title] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 17, 1990], and, except as provided in section 2(c) [set out above], shall apply with respect to any appeal or other proceeding brought on or after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall make technical assistance available to agencies in the development of performance appraisal systems.

(b)(1) The Office shall review each performance appraisal system developed by any agency under this section and determine whether the performance appraisal system meets the requirements of this subchapter.

(2) The Comptroller General shall from time to time review on a selected basis performance appraisal systems established under this subchapter to determine the extent to which any such system meets the requirements of this subchapter and shall periodically report its findings to the Office and to the Congress.

(3) If the Office determines that a system does not meet the requirements of this subchapter (including regulations prescribed under section 4305), the Office shall direct the agency to implement an appropriate system or to correct operations under the system, and any such agency shall take any action so required.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1134.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2005. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §6, 64 Stat. 1099. |


In subsection (a)(1), the words "corresponding to an efficiency rating of 'good' under the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, as amended, and under laws superseded by this chapter" in clause (1) of former section 2005 are omitted, but are carried into section 3502.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Responsibilities of the Office of Personnel Management" for "Ratings for performance" in section catchline and in text substituted provisions relating to the responsibilities of the Office of Personnel Management under this subchapter, for provisions relating to ratings for performance.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1134.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2006. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §7, 64 Stat. 1099. |


In subsection (c), the words "as a matter of right" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (d), the words "are entitled" are substituted for "shall be afforded an opportunity". The word "considers" is substituted for "deems to be".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Regulations" for "Review of ratings" in section catchline and in text substituted provisions relating to regulations to carry out this subchapter, for provisions relating to review of ratings.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Sections 4306 to 4308, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 441, 442, were omitted in the general revision of this chapter by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–454, §203(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131.

Section 4306 related to inspection of performance-rating plans.

Section 4307 related to prohibition of other rating procedures.

Section 4308 related to regulations for administration of the chapter, and is covered by revised section 4305.

For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency", "senior executive", and "career appointee" have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1167.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Each agency shall, in accordance with standards established by the Office of Personnel Management, develop one or more performance appraisal systems designed to—

(1) permit the accurate evaluation of performance in any position on the basis of criteria which are related to the position and which specify the critical elements of the position;

(2) provide for systematic appraisals of performance of senior executives;

(3) encourage excellence in performance by senior executives; and

(4) provide a basis for making eligibility determinations for retention in the Senior Executive Service and for Senior Executive Service performance awards.

(b) Each performance appraisal system established by an agency under subsection (a) of this section shall provide—

(1) that, on or before the beginning of each rating period, performance requirements for each senior executive in the agency are established in consultation with the senior executive and communicated to the senior executive;

(2) that written appraisals of performance are based on the individual and organizational performance requirements established for the rating period involved; and

(3) that each senior executive in the agency is provided a copy of the appraisal and rating under section 4314 of this title and is given an opportunity to respond in writing and have the rating reviewed by an employee, or (with the consent of the senior executive) a commissioned officer in the uniformed services serving on active duty, in a higher level in the agency before the rating becomes final.

(c)(1) The Office shall review each agency's performance appraisal system under this section, and determine whether the agency performance appraisal system meets the requirements of this subchapter.

(2) The Comptroller General shall from time to time review performance appraisal systems under this section to determine the extent to which any such system meets the requirements under this subchapter and shall periodically report its findings to the Office and to each House of the Congress.

(3) If the Office determines that an agency performance appraisal system does not meet the requirements under this subchapter (including regulations prescribed under section 4315), the agency shall take such corrective action as may be required by the Office.

(d) A senior executive may not appeal any appraisal and rating under any performance appraisal system under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1167; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §306(b)(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3220.)

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted ", or (with the consent of the senior executive) a commissioned officer in the uniformed services serving on active duty," and directed that "executive" be struck out which was executed by striking "executive" only where it appeared before "level in the agency".

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Appraisals of performance in the Senior Executive Service shall be based on both individual and organizational performance, taking into account such factors as—

(1) improvements in efficiency, productivity, and quality of work or service, including any significant reduction in paperwork;

(2) cost efficiency;

(3) timeliness of performance;

(4) other indications of the effectiveness, productivity, and performance quality of the employees for whom the senior executive is responsible;

(5) meeting affirmative action goals, achievement of equal employment opportunity requirements, and compliance with the merit systems principles set forth under section 2301 of this title; and

(6) protecting whistleblowers, as described in section 4302(b)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1168; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §6, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4364; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(d)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1620.)

**2017**—Par. (6). Pub. L. 115–91 added par. (6).

**1994**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 103–424 amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "meeting affirmative action goals and achievement of equal employment opportunity requirements."

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Each performance appraisal system shall provide for annual summary ratings of levels of performance as follows:

(1) one or more fully successful levels,

(2) a minimally satisfactory level, and

(3) an unsatisfactory level.

(b) Each performance appraisal system shall provide that—

(1) any appraisal and any rating under such system—

(A) are made only after review and evaluation by a performance review board established under subsection (c) of this section;

(B) are conducted at least annually, subject to the limitation of subsection (c)(3) of this section;

(C) in the case of a career appointee, may not be made within 120 days after the beginning of a new Presidential administration; and

(D) are based on performance during a performance appraisal period the duration of which shall be determined under guidelines established by the Office of Personnel Management, but which may be terminated in any case in which the agency making an appraisal determines that an adequate basis exists on which to appraise and rate the senior executive's performance;

(2) any career appointee receiving a rating at any of the fully successful levels under subsection (a)(1) of this section may be given a performance award under section 5384 of this title;

(3) any senior executive receiving an unsatisfactory rating under subsection (a)(3) of this section shall be reassigned or transferred within the Senior Executive Service, or removed from the Senior Executive Service, but any senior executive who receives 2 unsatisfactory ratings in any period of 5 consecutive years shall be removed from the Senior Executive Service; and

(4) any senior executive who twice in any period of 3 consecutive years receives less than fully successful ratings shall be removed from the Senior Executive Service.

(c)(1) Each agency shall establish, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, one or more performance review boards, as appropriate. It is the function of the boards to make recommendations to the appropriate appointing authority of the agency relating to the performance of senior executives in the agency.

(2) The supervising official of the senior executive shall provide to the performance review board, an initial appraisal of the senior executive's performance. Before making any recommendation with respect to the senior executive, the board shall review any response by the senior executive to the initial appraisal and conduct such further review as the board finds necessary.

(3) Performance appraisals under this subchapter with respect to any senior executive shall be made by the appointing authority only after considering the recommendations by the performance review board with respect to such senior executive under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(4) Members of performance review boards shall be appointed in such a manner as to assure consistency, stability, and objectivity in performance appraisal. Notice of the appointment of an individual to serve as a member shall be published in the Federal Register.

(5) In the case of an appraisal of a career appointee, more than one-half of the members of the performance review board shall consist of career appointees. The requirement of the preceding sentence shall not apply in any case in which the Office determines that there exists an insufficient number of career appointees available to comply with the requirement.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1169; amended Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2181(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732.)

**1995**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out subsec. (d) which related to reports to Congress.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §405(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1170.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.





**2001**—Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §641(c), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 555, added item 4507a.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–425, §2(b), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4370, added items 4508 and 4509.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–487, §1(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3134, struck out item 4514 "Expiration of authority".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §207(b), title IV, §408(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1458, 1468, added item 4505a and heading for subchapter III and items 4521 to 4523.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–611, §1(b), Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3179, struck out "; reporting requirement" after "authority" in item 4514.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1225(b)(1)(B), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 730, inserted "; reporting requirement" in item 4514.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(3), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756, added heading for subchapter I and subchapter II and items 4511 to 4514.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §406(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1171, added item 4507.

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

2 So in original. Does not conform to subchapter heading.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756, added heading for subchapter I.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the Library of Congress;

(C) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol;

(D) the Botanic Garden;

(E) the Government Publishing Office;

(F) the government of the District of Columbia; and

(G) the United States Sentencing Commission;

but does not include—

(i) the Tennessee Valley Authority; or

(ii) the Central Bank for Cooperatives;

(2) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105; and

(B) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia; and

(3) "Government" means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7106(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4418; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(f), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(C), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2122. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §303, 68 Stat. 1113. Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, §202(d), 73 Stat. 389. |


In paragraph (1), the term "Executive agency" is coextensive with and substituted for "executive department or independent agency in the executive branch of the Government including a Government-owned or controlled corporation" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. Application to the General Accounting Office (included in the term "Executive agency") is based on former section 933a.

Paragraph (2) is supplied because the definition of "employee" in section 2105 does not encompass individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia.

Paragraph (3) is supplied for clarity and convenience.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1993**—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 103–89 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title, but does not include an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title; and".

**1990**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated subpars. (C) to (H) as (B) to (G), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which included Administrative Office of United States Courts within definition of "agency".

**1988**—Par. (1)(H). Pub. L. 100–690 added subpar. (H).

**1984**—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "the merit pay system established under section 5402".

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter" in provision preceding par. (1).

**1978**—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted reference to an employee covered by merit pay system established under section 5402 of this title.

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1)(E) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Section 205 of Pub. L. 98–615 provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting subchapter II of this chapter, designating this section and sections 4502 to 4507 of this title as subchapter I, and amending this section and sections 4502, 4505, and 4506 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1981."

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Ex. Ord. No. 12976, Oct. 5, 1995, 60 F.R. 52829, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and sections 1105, 1108, and 1111 of title 31, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Statement of Presidential Principles.*

Government corporations subject to this order should not pay bonuses in excess of those authorized by sections 4501 through 4507 of title 5, United States Code, except as otherwise specifically provided by law.

*Administration Review*. (a) Before taking action to approve any bonus in excess of those authorized in section 4502 of title 5, United States Code, each corporation subject to this section (as provided in section 6 of this order) shall submit information to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) relating to such bonuses as provided in subsection (b). Such corporation shall refrain from approving any such bonus until the Director of OMB has had an opportunity to review the information provided by the corporation.

(b) The Director of OMB shall issue instructions to the corporations subject to this section specifying when information is to be submitted, and the content and form of such information.

*Information Reporting Requirements*. (a) Government corporations subject to this order will provide information to the Director of OMB relating to the compensation practices for senior executives of such corporations as provided in subsection (c).

(b) Information submitted shall include the following with respect to senior executives of each corporation subject to this section:

(1) the compensation plan, procedures, and structure of such corporation;

(2) base salary levels, annual bonuses, and other compensation; and

(3) information supporting the senior executive compensation plan and levels.

(c) The Director of OMB shall issue instructions to the corporations subject to this section specifying when information is to be submitted, and the content and form of such information.

*Review*. (a) OMB, in consultation with the Department of Labor, will review the information submitted pursuant to section 3, taking into consideration:

(1) consistency with statutory requirements;

(2) consistency with corporate mission;

(3) standards of Federal management and efficiency; and

(4) equivalent private sector compensation practices.

*Public Dissemination Requirement*. Government corporations subject to this order shall make available through public dissemination the information submitted pursuant to section 3 of this order.

*Coverage*. This order will apply to all mixed-ownership and wholly owned corporations listed in section 9101(2) and (3) of title 31, United States Code. Section 2 shall apply only to wholly owned corporations except such corporations that have specific authority to approve bonuses in excess of those authorized under sections 4501 through 4507 of title 5, United States Code.

*Administration*. All corporations subject to this order shall provide any information in the manner and form, and at the time, requested pursuant to this order by the Director of OMB.

William J. Clinton.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, a cash award under this subchapter may not exceed $10,000.

(b) When the head of an agency certifies to the Office of Personnel Management that the suggestion, invention, superior accomplishment, or other meritorious effort for which the award is proposed is highly exceptional and unusually outstanding, a cash award in excess of $10,000 but not in excess of $25,000 may be granted with the approval of the Office.

(c) A cash award under this subchapter is in addition to the regular pay of the recipient. Acceptance of a cash award under this subchapter constitutes an agreement that the use by the Government of an idea, method, or device for which the award is made does not form the basis of a further claim of any nature against the Government by the employee, his heirs, or assigns.

(d) A cash award to, and expense for the honorary recognition of, an employee may be paid from the fund or appropriation available to the activity primarily benefiting or the various activities benefiting. The head of the agency concerned determines the amount to be paid by each activity for an agency award under section 4503 of this title. The President determines the amount to be paid by each activity for a Presidential award under section 4504 of this title.

(e) The Office of Personnel Management may by regulation permit agencies to grant employees time off from duty, without loss of pay or charge to leave, as an award in recognition of superior accomplishment or other personal effort that contributes to the quality, efficiency, or economy of Government operations.

(f) The Secretary of Defense may grant a cash award under subsection (b) of this section without regard to the requirements for certification and approval provided in that subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(b), (c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §201], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1455; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(D), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1132], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–318.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2123(d), (e), (g). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §304(d), (e), (g), 68 Stat. 1113. |


In subsections (a) and (b), the words "cash award" are substituted for "monetary award" and "such award" to conform to the remainder of the chapter.

In subsection (c), the word "Government" is substituted for "Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia" in view of the definition of "Government" in section 4501.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2000**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–398 added subsec. (f).

**1993**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–89 struck out par. (2) designation and struck out par. (1) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding section 4501(2), for the purpose of this subsection, 'employee' includes an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54."

**1990**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–509 added subsec. (e).

**1981**—Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §503(b), substituted "$10,000" for "$5,000".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §503(c), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission", "$10,000" for "$5,000", and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 4501 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Functions of President under former section 2123(e) [now subsec. (d)] of this section delegated to Director of Office of Personnel Management, see section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

The head of an agency may pay a cash award to, and incur necessary expense for the honorary recognition of, an employee who—

(1) by his suggestion, invention, superior accomplishment, or other personal effort contributes to the efficiency, economy, or other improvement of Government operations or achieves a significant reduction in paperwork; or

(2) performs a special act or service in the public interest in connection with or related to his official employment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §502(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2123(a). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §304(a), 68 Stat. 1113. |


The word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officers and employees of the Government" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 4501.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted "or achieves a significant reduction in paperwork".

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

The President may pay a cash award to, and incur necessary expense for the honorary recognition of, an employee who—

(1) by his suggestion, invention, superior accomplishment, or other personal effort contributes to the efficiency, economy, or other improvement of Government operations or achieves a significant reduction in paperwork; or

(2) performs an exceptionally meritorious special act or service in the public interest in connection with or related to his official employment.

A Presidential award may be in addition to an agency award under section 4503 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §502(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2123(b). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §304(b), 68 Stat. 1113. |


The words "In instances determined by the President to warrant such action" are omitted as surplusage. The word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officers and employees of the Government" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 4501.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted "or achieves a significant reduction in paperwork".

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Functions vested in Director of Office of Personnel Management under this section insofar as it affects officers and employees in or under executive branch of Government to be performed without approval of President, see section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Ex. Ord. No. 9586, July 6, 1945, 10 F.R. 8523, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10336, Apr. 3, 1952, 17 F.R. 2957; Ex. Ord. No. 11085, Feb. 22, 1963, 28 F.R. 1759; Ex. Ord. No. 11515, Mar. 13, 1970, 35 F.R. 4543, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the armed forces of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

*Medal established*. The Medal of Freedom is hereby reestablished as the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with accompanying ribbons and appurtenances. The Presidential Medal of Freedom, hereinafter referred to as the Medal, shall be in two degrees.

*Award of the Medal*. (a) The Medal may be awarded by the President as provided in this order to any person who has made an especially meritorious contribution to (1) the security or national interests of the United States, or (2) world peace, or (3) cultural or other significant public or private endeavors.

(b) The President may select for the award of the Medal any person recommended to the President for award of the Medal or any person selected by the President upon his own initiative.

(c) The principal announcement of awards of the Medal shall normally be made annually, on or about July 4 of each year; but such awards may be made at other times, as the President may deem appropriate.

(d) Subject to the provision of this Order, the Medal may be awarded posthumously.

*Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board*. (a) The Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board, established by Executive Order No. 10717 of June 27, 1957, hereinafter referred to as the Board, is hereby expanded, for the purpose of carrying out the objectives of this Order, to include five additional members appointed by the President from outside the Executive Branch of the Government. The terms of service of the members of the Board appointed under this paragraph shall be five years, except that the first five members so appointed shall have terms of service expiring on the 31st day of July 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, and 1968, respectively. Any person appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall serve for the remainder of such term.

(b) A chairman of the Board shall be designated by the President from time to time from among the membership of the Board appointed from the Executive Branch.

(c) For purposes of recommending to the President persons to receive the President's Award for Distinguished Federal Civilian Service, and to carry out the other purposes of Executive Order No. 10717, only the members of the Board from the Executive Branch will sit. The names of persons so recommended will be submitted to the President without reference to the other members of the Board.

*Functions of the Board*. (a) Any individual or group may make recommendations to the Board with respect to the award of the Medal, and the Board shall consider such recommendations.

(b) With due regard for the provisions of Section 2 of this Order, the Board shall screen such recommendations and, on the basis of such recommendations or upon its own motion, shall from time to time submit to the President nominations of individuals for award of the Medal, in appropriate degrees.

*Expenses*. Necessary administrative expenses of the Board incurred in connection with the recommendation of persons to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom, including expenses of travel of members of the Board appointed under Section 3(a) of this Order, during the fiscal year 1963, may be paid from the appropriation provided under the heading "Special Projects" in the Executive Office Appropriation Act, 1963, 76 Stat. 315, and during subsequent fiscal years, to the extent permitted by law, from any corresponding or like appropriation made available for such fiscal years. Such payments shall be without regard to the provisions of section 3681 of the Revised Statutes and section 9 of the Act of March 4, 1909, 35 Stat. 1027 (31 U.S.C. 672 and 673) [31 U.S.C. 1346(a) and (c)]. Members of the Board appointed under Section 3(a) of this Order shall serve without compensation.

*Design of the Medal*. The Army Institute of Heraldry shall prepare for the approval of the President a design of the Medal in each of its degrees.

Ex. Ord. No. 10717, June 27, 1957, 22 F.R. 4632, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10979, Dec. 12, 1961, 26 F.R. 11937; Ex. Ord. No. 11085, Feb. 22, 1963, 28 F.R. 1759; Ex. Ord. No. 12014, Oct. 19, 1977, 42 F.R. 56105; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

(1) Imagination in developing creative solutions to problems of government.

(2) Courage in persevering against great odds and difficulties.

(3) High ability in accomplishing extraordinary scientific or technological achievement, in providing outstanding leadership in planning, organizing, or directing a major program of unusual importance and complexity, or in performing an extraordinary act of credit to the Government and the country.

(4) Long and distinguished career service.

(b) The importance of the achievements to the Government and to the public interest shall be so outstanding that the officer or employee is deserving of greater public recognition than that which can be accorded by the head of the department or agency in which he is employed. Generally, not more than five awards shall be made in any one year. Presentation of the award shall be made at such times as the President may determine.

(a) The Director shall be guided in the performance of this function by the provisions of Section 4504 and 4505 of Title 5 of the United States Code, and by additional criteria which the Director may prescribe.

(b) The Director shall not recommend any person for the award without the concurrence of the head of the agency in which that person was employed at the time of the achievement for which the award is recommended.

(c) Persons appointed by the President are not eligible for this award unless, in the opinion of the Office, they are currently serving in a career position.

An agency may pay or grant an award under this subchapter notwithstanding the death or separation from the service of the employee concerned, if the suggestion, invention, superior accomplishment, other personal effort, or special act or service in the public interest for which the award is proposed was made or performed while the employee was in the employ of the Government.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2123(c). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208 §304(c), 68 Stat. 1113. |


The words "or grant" are added for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter".

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set as a note under section 4501 of this title.

(a)(1) An employee whose most recent performance rating was at the fully successful level or higher (or the equivalent thereof) may be paid a cash award under this section.

(2) A cash award under this section shall be equal to an amount determined appropriate by the head of the agency, but may not be more than 10 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the agency head may authorize a cash award equal to an amount exceeding 10 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay if the agency head determines that exceptional performance by the employee justifies such an award, but in no case may an award under this section exceed 20 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay.

(b)(1) A cash award under this section shall be paid as a lump sum, and may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee.

(2) The failure to pay a cash award under this section, or the amount of such an award, may not be appealed. The preceding sentence shall not be construed to extinguish or lessen any right or remedy under subchapter II of chapter 12, chapter 71, or any of the laws referred to in section 2302(d).

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary for the administration of subsections (a) and (b).

(d) The preceding provisions of this section shall be applicable with respect to any employee to whom subchapter III of chapter 53 applies, and to any category of employees provided for under subsection (e).

(e) At the request of the head of an Executive agency, the President may authorize the application of subsections (a) through (c) with respect to any category of employees within such agency who would not otherwise be covered by this section.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §207(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1457; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(19), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(c), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2317; Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(a)(2)(A), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(3)(A), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1617.)

**2017**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "section 2302(d)" for "section 2302(c)".

Pub. L. 115–73 substituted "section 2302(c)" for "section 2302(d)".

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–411 struck out subpar. (A) designation before "A cash award under" and struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: "For purposes of computing a percentage of a rate of basic pay under subparagraph (A), the rate of basic pay used shall be determined without taking into account any comparability payment under section 5304."

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(19)(A), inserted reference to chapter 71.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(19)(B), inserted "of Personnel Management" after "Office".

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(19)(C), added subsecs. (d) and (e) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "At the request of the head of an Executive agency, the President may authorize the application of the preceding provisions of this section with respect to 1 or more categories of employees within such agency who would not otherwise be covered by this section (including authority under subsection (c) to prescribe any necessary regulations)."

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provisions relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective May 4, 1991, see section 9(b)(4) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Authority of President under subsec. (e) of this section delegated to Director of Office of Personnel Management by Ex. Ord. No. 12828, §1(2), Jan. 5, 1993, 58 F.R. 2965, set out as a note under section 3502 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13415, Dec. 1, 2006, 71 F.R. 70641, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Assignment of Functions*. The functions of the President under sections 4505a, 5305, and 5377 of title 5, United States Code, are assigned to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

*Revocations*. (a) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12748, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.]

(b) [Amended Ex. Ord. No. 12828, set out as a note under section 3502 of this title.]

*General Provision*. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity against the United States, its departments, agencies, entities, officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations and instructions under which the awards programs set forth by this subchapter shall be carried out.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(d), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(b)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §641(b), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 555.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2121 (1st 29 words). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §302 (1st 29 words), 68 Stat. 1112. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–67 substituted "the awards programs" for "the agency awards program".

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "subchapter" for "chapter".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management shall" for "Civil Service Commission may".

Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §641(d), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 555, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 4507a of this title and amending this section] shall take effect for awards granted in 2003."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 4501 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency", "senior executive", and "career appointee" have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of this title.

(b) Each agency shall submit annually to the Office recommendations of career appointees in the agency to be awarded the rank of Meritorious Executive or Distinguished Executive. The recommendations may take into account the individual's performance over a period of years. The Office shall review such recommendations and provide to the President recommendations as to which of the agency recommended appointees should receive such rank.

(c) During any fiscal year, the President may, subject to subsection (d) of this section, award to any career appointee recommended by the Office the rank of—

(1) Meritorious Executive, for sustained accomplishment, or

(2) Distinguished Executive, for sustained extraordinary accomplishment.

A career appointee awarded a rank under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection shall not be entitled to be awarded that rank during the following 4 fiscal years.

(d) During any fiscal year—

(1) the number of career appointees awarded the rank of Meritorious Executive may not exceed 5 percent of the Senior Executive Service; and

(2) the number of career appointees awarded the rank of Distinguished Executive may not exceed 1 percent of the Senior Executive Service.

(e)(1) Receipt by a career appointee of the rank of Meritorious Executive entitles such individual to a lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 20 percent of annual basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under section 5382 of this title or any award paid under section 5384 of this title.

(2) Receipt by a career appointee of the rank of Distinguished Executive entitles the individual to a lump-sum payment of an amount equal to 35 percent of annual basic pay, which shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under section 5382 of this title or any award paid under section 5384 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §406(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1170; amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §631(a), (b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–523.)

**1998**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(h) [title VI, §631(a)], substituted "an amount equal to 20 percent of annual basic pay" for "$10,000".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(h) [title VI, §631(b)], substituted "an amount equal to 35 percent of annual basic pay" for "$20,000".

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §631(c)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–523, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1998, or the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], whichever is later."

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b), of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section, the term "senior career employee" means an individual appointed to a position classified above GS–15 and paid under section 5376 who is not serving—

(1) under a time-limited appointment; or

(2) in a position that is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential or policy-making character.

(b) Each agency employing senior career employees shall submit annually to the Office of Personnel Management recommendations of senior career employees in the agency to be awarded the rank of Meritorious Senior Professional or Distinguished Senior Professional, which may be awarded by the President for sustained accomplishment or sustained extraordinary accomplishment, respectively.

(c) The recommendations shall be made, reviewed, and awarded under the same terms and conditions (to the extent determined by the Office of Personnel Management) that apply to rank awards for members of the Senior Executive Service under section 4507.

(Added Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §641(a), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 554.)

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (a), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section effective for awards granted in 2003, see section 641(d) of Pub. L. 107–67, set out as an Effective Date of 2001 Amendment note under section 4506 of this title.

(a) For purposes of this section, the term—

(1) "Presidential election period" means any period beginning on June 1 in a calendar year in which the popular election of the President occurs, and ending on January 20 following the date of such election; and

(2) "senior politically appointed officer" means any officer who during a Presidential election period serves—

(A) in a Senior Executive Service position and is not a career appointee as defined under section 3132(a)(4); or

(B) in a position of a confidential or policy-determining character under schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

(b) No senior politically appointed officer may receive an award under the provisions of this subchapter during a Presidential election period.

(Added Pub. L. 103–425, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4369.)

No officer may receive a cash award under the provisions of this subchapter, if such officer—

(1) serves in—

(A) an Executive Schedule position under subchapter II of chapter 53; or

(B) a position for which the compensation is set in statute by reference to a section or level under subchapter II of chapter 53; and

(2) was appointed to such position by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(Added Pub. L. 103–425, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4370.)

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 755, added subchapter II.

(a) For purposes of this subchapter, the term "agency" means any Executive agency.

(b) A cash award under this subchapter is in addition to the regular pay of the recipient. Acceptance of a cash award under this subchapter constitutes an agreement that the use by the Government of an idea, method, or device for which the award is made does not form the basis of a further claim of any nature against the Government by the employee, his heirs, or assigns.

(Added Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 755.)

Section effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date of 1981 Amendment note under section 4501 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–487, §1(c), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3134, provided that: "Awards may be made under subchapter II of chapter 45 of title 5, United States Code, on and after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 24, 1992]."

(a) The Inspector General of an agency, or any other agency employee designated under subsection (b), may pay a cash award to any employee of such agency whose disclosure of fraud, waste, or mismanagement to the Inspector General of the agency, or to such other designated agency employee, has resulted in cost savings for the agency. The amount of an award under this section may not exceed the lesser of—

(1) $10,000; or

(2) an amount equal to 1 percent of the agency's cost savings which the Inspector General, or other employee designated under subsection (b), determines to be the total savings attributable to the employee's disclosure.

For purposes of paragraph (2), the Inspector General or other designated employee may take into account agency cost savings projected for subsequent fiscal years which will be attributable to such disclosure.

(b) In the case of an agency for which there is no Inspector General, the head of the agency shall designate an agency employee who shall have the authority to make the determinations and grant the awards permitted under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 755; amended Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1225(b)(2), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 730.)

**1985**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–145 struck out subsec. (c) which provided that the Inspector General, or other employee designated under subsection (b), shall submit to the Comptroller General documentation substantiating any award made under this section and that the Comptroller General shall, from time to time, review awards made under this section and procedures used in making such awards to verify the cost savings for which the awards were made.

Section effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date of 1981 Amendment note under section 4501 of this title.

The President may pay a cash award in the amount of $20,000 to any employee whose disclosure of fraud, waste, or mismanagement has resulted in substantial cost savings for the Government. In evaluating the significance of a cost savings disclosure made by an employee for purposes of determining whether to make an award to such employee under this section, the President may take into account cost savings projected for subsequent fiscal years which will be attributable to the disclosure. During any fiscal year, the President may not make more than 50 awards under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 755.)

Section effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 1703(c) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date of 1981 Amendment note under section 4501 of this title.

Section, added Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1703(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 756; amended Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1225(b)(1)(A), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 730; Pub. L. 100–611, §1(a), Nov. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 3179, provided that no award could be made under this subchapter after Sept. 30, 1990.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(20), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348, substituted "OFFICERS" for "OFFICER".

For the purpose of this subchapter, the term "law enforcement officer" means—

(1) a law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 5541(3) and to whom the provisions of chapter 51 apply;

(2) a member of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division;

(3) a member of the United States Park Police;

(4) a special agent in the Diplomatic Security Service;

(5) a probation officer (referred to in section 3672 of title 18); and

(6) a pretrial services officer (referred to in section 3153 of title 18).

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §408(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1467; amended Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §627, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 874; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(21), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348.)

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 amended section generally, substituting in par. (1) "section 5541(3)" for "section 8331(20) or section 8401(17)".

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "For the purpose of this subchapter, the term 'law enforcement officer' has the same meaning as under section 5949(a)."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §408(d)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1468, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this subchapter and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5541 of this title] shall be effective on January 1, 1992."

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

An award under this subchapter is in addition to the basic pay of the recipient.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §408(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1467.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1992, see section 529 [title IV, §408(d)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 4521 of this title.

(a) An agency may pay a cash award, up to 5 percent of basic pay, to any law enforcement officer employed in or under such agency who possesses and makes substantial use of 1 or more foreign languages in the performance of official duties.

(b) Awards under this section shall be paid under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency involved (or designee thereof). Regulations prescribed by an agency head (or designee) under this subsecton 1 shall include—

(1) procedures under which foreign language proficiency shall be ascertained;

(2) criteria for the selection of individuals for recognition under this section; and

(3) any other provisions which may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §408(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1467.)

Section effective Jan. 1, 1992, see section 529 [title IV, §408(d)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 4521 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "subsection".


**1998**—Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(b)(2)(B)(ii), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293, added item 4705 and struck out former items 4705 "Reports" and 4706 "Regulations".

(a) For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency and the Government Publishing Office, but does not include—

(A) a Government corporation;

(B) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, and, as determined by the President, any Executive agency or unit thereof which is designated by the President and which has as its principal function the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; or

(C) the Government Accountability Office;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency;

(3) "eligible" means an individual who has qualified for appointment in an agency and whose name has been entered on the appropriate register or list of eligibles;

(4) "demonstration project" means a project conducted by the Office of Personnel Management, or under its supervision, to determine whether a specified change in personnel management policies or procedures would result in improved Federal personnel management; and

(5) "research program" means a planned study of the manner in which public management policies and systems are operating, the effects of those policies and systems, the possibilities for change, and comparisons among policies and systems.

(b) This chapter shall not apply to any position in the Drug Enforcement Administration which is excluded from the competitive service under section 201 of the Crime Control Act of 1976 (28 U.S.C. 509 note; 90 Stat. 2425).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1185; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(21), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(g), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(f), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–474 struck out ", the Administrative Office of the United States Courts," after "means an Executive agency".

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "chapter" for "subchapter" and "28 U.S.C. 509" for "5 U.S.C. 5108".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(1) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1126, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1640, provided that: "A pay-for-performance system may not be initiated under chapter 47 of title 5, United States Code, after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003], unless it incorporates the following elements:

"(1) Adherence to merit principles set forth in section 2301 of such title.

"(2) A fair, credible, and transparent employee performance appraisal system.

"(3) A link between elements of the pay-for-performance system, the employee performance appraisal system, and the agency's strategic plan.

"(4) A means for ensuring employee involvement in the design and implementation of the system.

"(5) Adequate training and retraining for supervisors, managers, and employees in the implementation and operation of the pay-for-performance system.

"(6) A process for ensuring ongoing performance feedback and dialogue between supervisors, managers, and employees throughout the appraisal period, and setting timetables for review.

"(7) Effective safeguards to ensure that the management of the system is fair and equitable and based on employee performance.

"(8) A means for ensuring that adequate agency resources are allocated for the design, implementation, and administration of the pay-for-performance system."

The Office of Personnel Management shall—

(1) establish and maintain (and assist in the establishment and maintenance of) research programs to study improved methods and technologies in Federal personnel management;

(2) evaluate the research programs established under paragraph (1) of this section;

(3) establish and maintain a program for the collection and public dissemination of information relating to personnel management research and for encouraging and facilitating the exchange of information among interested persons and entities; and

(4) carry out the preceding functions directly or through agreement or contract.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1185.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Except as provided in this section, the Office of Personnel Management may, directly or through agreement or contract with one or more agencies and other public and private organizations, conduct and evaluate demonstration projects. Subject to the provisions of this section, the conducting of demonstration projects shall not be limited by any lack of specific authority under this title to take the action contemplated, or by any provision of this title or any rule or regulation prescribed under this title which is inconsistent with the action, including any law or regulation relating to—

(1) the methods of establishing qualification requirements for, recruitment for, and appointment to positions;

(2) the methods of classifying positions and compensating employees;

(3) the methods of assigning, reassigning, or promoting employees;

(4) the methods of disciplining employees;

(5) the methods of providing incentives to employees, including the provision of group or individual incentive bonuses or pay;

(6) the hours of work per day or per week;

(7) the methods of involving employees, labor organizations, and employee organizations in personnel decisions; and

(8) the methods of reducing overall agency staff and grade levels.

(b) Before conducting or entering into any agreement or contract to conduct a demonstration project, the Office shall—

(1) develop a plan for such project which identifies—

(A) the purposes of the project;

(B) the types of employees or eligibles, categorized by occupational series, grade, or organizational unit;

(C) the number of employees or eligibles to be included, in the aggregate and by category;

(D) the methodology;

(E) the duration;

(F) the training to be provided;

(G) the anticipated costs;

(H) the methodology and criteria for evaluation;

(I) a specific description of any aspect of the project for which there is a lack of specific authority; and

(J) a specific citation to any provision of law, rule, or regulation which, if not waived under this section, would prohibit the conducting of the project, or any part of the project as proposed;

(2) publish the plan in the Federal Register;

(3) submit the plan so published to public hearing;

(4) provide notification of the proposed project, at least 180 days in advance of the date any project proposed under this section is to take effect—

(A) to employees who are likely to be affected by the project; and

(B) to each House of the Congress;

(5) obtain approval from each agency involved of the final version of the plan; and

(6) provide each House of the Congress with a report at least 90 days in advance of the date the project is to take effect setting forth the final version of the plan as so approved.

(c) No demonstration project under this section may provide for a waiver of—

(1) any provision of chapter 63 or subpart G of this title;

(2)(A) any provision of law referred to in section 2302(b)(1) of this title; or

(B) any provision of law implementing any provision of law referred to in section 2302(b)(1) of this title by—

(i) providing for equal employment opportunity through affirmative action; or

(ii) providing any right or remedy available to any employee or applicant for employment in the civil service;

(3) any provision of chapter 15 or subchapter III of chapter 73 of this title;

(4) any rule or regulation prescribed under any provision of law referred to in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection; or

(5) any provision of chapter 23 of this title, or any rule or regulation prescribed under this title, if such waiver is inconsistent with any merit system principle or any provision thereof relating to prohibited personnel practices.

(d)(1) Each demonstration project shall—

(A) involve not more than 5,000 individuals other than individuals in any control groups necessary to validate the results of the project; and

(B) terminate before the end of the 5-year period beginning on the date on which the project takes effect, except that the project may continue beyond the date to the extent necessary to validate the results of the project.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), not more than 10 active demonstration projects may be in effect at any time.

(B) Any demonstration project authorized under this section that is active for a period greater than 10 years shall not count for purposes of applying the limitation in subparagraph (A).

(e) Subject to the terms of any written agreement or contract between the Office and an agency, a demonstration project involving the agency may be terminated by the Office, or the agency, if either determines that the project creates a substantial hardship on, or is not in the best interests of, the public, the Federal Government, employees, or eligibles.

(f) Employees within a unit with respect to which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition under chapter 71 of this title shall not be included within any project under subsection (a) of this section—

(1) if the project would violate a collective bargaining agreement (as defined in section 7103(8) of this title) between the agency and the labor organization, unless there is another written agreement with respect to the project between the agency and the organization permitting the inclusion; or

(2) if the project is not covered by such a collective bargaining agreement, until there has been consultation or negotiation, as appropriate, by the agency with the labor organization.

(g) Employees within any unit with respect to which a labor organization has not been accorded exclusive recognition under chapter 71 of this title shall not be included within any project under subsection (a) of this section unless there has been agency consultation regarding the project with the employees in the unit.

(h) The Office shall provide for an evaluation of the results of each demonstration project and its impact on improving public management.

(i) Upon request of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, agencies shall cooperate with and assist the Office, to the extent practicable, in any evaluation undertaken under subsection (h) of this section and provide the Office with requested information and reports relating to the conducting of demonstration projects in their respective agencies.

(j) Each agency at which a demonstration project authorized by this section is ongoing shall submit an annual report to the Office of Personnel Management, the Office and 1 Management and Budget, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the United States Senate, and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the United States House of Representatives that includes—

(1) the aggregate performance appraisal ratings and compensation costs for employees under a demonstration project;

(2) an assessment of the results of the demonstration project, including its impact on mission goals, employee recruitment, retention, and satisfaction, and which may include the results of the survey authorized under section 1128 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108–136; 5 U.S.C. 7101 note), commonly referred to as the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, and performance management for employees; and

(3) a comparison of the items listed in (1) and (2) with employees not covered by the demonstration project.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1186; amended Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1106, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2001.)

**2018**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–232, §1106(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Not more than 10 active demonstration projects may be in effect at any time."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 115–232, §1106(2), added subsec. (j).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–97, §2, Jan. 11, 1996, 109 Stat. 984, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 4701(a)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, the Export-Import Bank of the United States may conduct a demonstration project in accordance with section 4703 of such title."

1 So in original. Probably should be "of".

Funds appropriated to the Office of Personnel Management for the purpose of this chapter may be allocated by the Office to any agency conducting demonstration projects or assisting the Office in conducting such projects. Funds so allocated shall remain available for such period as may be specified in appropriation Acts. No contract shall be entered into under this chapter unless the contract has been provided for in advance in appropriation Acts.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1188.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1188, §4706; renumbered §4705, Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(b)(2)(B)(i), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293.)

A prior section 4705, added Pub. L. 95–454, title VI, §601(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1188, required annual report on research programs and demonstration projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(b)(2)(B)(i), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.


Chapter 47 shall not apply to this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 107–123, §8(a), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2398.)

Section effective Oct. 1, 2001, see section 11 of Pub. L. 107–123, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 78ee of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

(a) In this section, the term "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

(b) The Commission may appoint and fix the compensation of such officers, attorneys, economists, examiners, and other employees as may be necessary for carrying out its functions under the securities laws as defined under section 3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78c).

(c) Rates of basic pay for all employees of the Commission may be set and adjusted by the Commission without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 or subchapter III of chapter 53.

(d) The Commission may provide additional compensation and benefits to employees of the Commission if the same type of compensation or benefits are then being provided by any agency referred to under section 1206 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 1833b) or, if not then being provided, could be provided by such an agency under applicable provisions of law, rule, or regulation. In setting and adjusting the total amount of compensation and benefits for employees, the Commission shall consult with, and seek to maintain comparability with, the agencies referred to under section 1206 of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 (12 U.S.C. 1833b).

(e) The Commission shall consult with the Office of Personnel Management in the implementation of this section.

(f) This section shall be administered consistent with merit system principles.

(Added Pub. L. 107–123, §8(a), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2398.)

Section effective Oct. 1, 2001, see section 11 of Pub. L. 107–123, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 78ee of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(b), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2398, provided that: "To the extent that any employee of the Securities and Exchange Commission is represented by a labor organization with exclusive recognition in accordance with chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code, no reduction in base pay of such employee shall be made by reason of enactment of this section [enacting this chapter, amending sections 3132 and 5373 of this title, section 1833b of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and section 78d of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] (including the amendments made by this section)."

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(c), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2398, provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) the plan developed under this paragraph in the annual program performance plan submitted under section 1115 of title 31, United States Code; and

"(ii) the effects of implementing the plan developed under this paragraph in the annual program performance report submitted under section 1116 of title 31, United States Code.

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) evidence and supporting documentation justifying the plan; and

"(ii) budgeting projections on costs and benefits resulting from the plan."


**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(22), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348, substituted "above GS–15" for "at GS–16, 17, and 18" in item 5108.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §110(b), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 822, struck out item 5114 "Reports; positions in GS–16, 17, and 18".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(17), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" in item 5112.

It is the purpose of this chapter to provide a plan for classification of positions whereby—

(1) in determining the rate of basic pay which an employee will receive—

(A) the principle of equal pay for substantially equal work will be followed; and

(B) variations in rates of basic pay paid to different employees will be in proportion to substantial differences in the difficulty, responsibility, and qualification requirements of the work performed and to the contributions of employees to efficiency and economy in the service; and

(2) individual positions will, in accordance with their duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements, be so grouped and identified by classes and grades, as defined by section 5102 of this title, and the various classes will be so described in published standards, as provided by section 5105 of this title, that the resulting position-classification system can be used in all phases of personnel administration.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 443.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1071. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §101, 63 Stat. 954. |


The words "and for rates of basic compensation" are omitted as inapplicable to this chapter since the provisions of former chapter 21 relating to rates of basic compensation are carried into subchapter III of chapter 53. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee" is defined in section 5102.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of the report.

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1118, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1956, provided that: "Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall, pursuant to chapter 51 of title 5, United States Code, establish or update one or more occupational series covering Federal Government positions in the fields of software development, software engineering, data science, and data management."

References in laws to fix pay in accordance with this chapter and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title considered to include authority under section 5376 of this title, if applicable, but not to include any authority under section 5304 of this title or section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(2)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates; Regulations note under section 5376 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the Library of Congress;

(C) the Botanic Garden;

(D) the Government Publishing Office;

(E) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol; and

(F) the government of the District of Columbia;

but does not include—

(i) a Government controlled corporation;

(ii) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(iii) the Virgin Islands Corporation;

(iv) the Atomic Energy Commission;

(v) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(vi) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense;

(vii) the Government Accountability Office;

(viii) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence;

(ix) the Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense; or

(x) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency;

(3) "position" means the work, consisting of the duties and responsibilities, assignable to an employee;

(4) "class" or "class of positions" includes all positions which are sufficiently similar, as to—

(A) kind or subject-matter of work;

(B) level of difficulty and responsibility; and

(C) the qualification requirements of the work;

to warrant similar treatment in personnel and pay administration; and

(5) "grade" includes all classes of positions which, although different with respect to kind or subject-matter of work, are sufficiently equivalent as to—

(A) level of difficulty and responsibility; and

(B) level of qualification requirements of the work;

to warrant their inclusion within one range of rates of basic pay in the General Schedule.

(b) Except as provided by subsections (c) and (d) of this section, this chapter applies to all civilian positions and employees in or under an agency, including positions in local boards and appeal boards within the Selective Service System and employees occupying those positions.

(c) This chapter does not apply to—

[ (1) Repealed. Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(9), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776;]

(2) members of the Foreign Service whose pay is fixed under the Foreign Service Act of 1980; and positions in or under the Department of State which are—

(A) connected with the representation of the United States to international organizations; or

(B) specifically exempted by statute from this chapter or other classification or pay statute;

(3) physicians, dentists, nurses, and other employees in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs whose pay is fixed under chapter 73 of title 38;

(4) teachers, school officials, and employees of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia whose pay is fixed under chapter 15 of title 31, District of Columbia Code; the chief judges and the associate judges of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and the District of Columbia Court of Appeals; and nonjudicial employees of the District of Columbia court system whose pay is fixed under title 11 of the District of Columbia Code;

(5) members of the Metropolitan Police, the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, the United States Park Police, and the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division; members of the police force of the National Zoological Park whose pay is fixed under section 5375 of this title; and members of the police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint whose pay is fixed under section 5378 of this title;

(6) lighthouse keepers and civilian employees on lightships and vessels of the Coast Guard whose pay is fixed under section 432(f) and (g) 1 of title 14;

(7) employees in recognized trades or crafts, or other skilled mechanical crafts, or in unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled manual-labor occupations, and other employees including foremen and supervisors in positions having trade, craft, or laboring experience and knowledge as the paramount requirement, and employees in the Bureau of Engraving and Printing whose duties are to perform or to direct manual or machine operations requiring special skill or experience, or to perform or direct the counting, examining, sorting, or other verification of the product of manual or machine operations;

(8) officers and members of crews of vessels;

(9) employees of the Government Publishing Office whose pay is fixed under section 305 of title 44;

(10) civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers at a professional military education school (and, in the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, the Director and the Deputy Director) whose pay is fixed under section 1595, 7371, 8748, or 9371 of title 10; civilian professors, lecturers, and instructors at the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy whose pay is fixed under sections 7438, 8452, and 9438, respectively, of title 10; senior professors, professors, associate and assistant professors, and instructors at the Naval Postgraduate School whose pay is fixed under section 8544 of title 10; the Provost and Academic Dean of the Naval Postgraduate School 2 whose pay is fixed under section 8543 of title 10; civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers in the defense acquisition university structure (including the Defense Systems Management College) whose pay is fixed under section 1746(b) of title 10;

(11) aliens or noncitizens of the United States who occupy positions outside the United States;

[(12) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(2)(B), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868;]

(13) employees who serve without pay or at nominal rates of pay;

(14) employees whose pay is not wholly from appropriated funds of the United States (other than employees of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Management System appointed under section 8474(c)(2) of this title), except that with respect to the Veterans' Canteen Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, this paragraph applies only to employees necessary for the transaction of the business of the Service at canteens, warehouses, and storage depots whose employment is authorized by section 7802 of title 38;

(15) employees whose pay is fixed under a cooperative agreement between the United States and—

(A) a State or territory or possession of the United States, or political subdivision thereof; or

(B) an individual or organization outside the service of the Government of the United States;

(16) student nurses, medical or dental interns, residents-in-training, student dietitians, student physical therapists, student occupational therapists, and other student employees, assigned or attached to a hospital, clinic, or laboratory primarily for training purposes, whose pay is fixed under subchapter V of chapter 53 of this title or sections 7405 and 7406 of title 38;

(17) inmates, patients, or beneficiaries receiving care or treatment or living in Government agencies or institutions;

(18) experts or consultants, when employed temporarily or intermittently in accordance with section 3109 of this title;

(19) emergency or seasonal employees whose employment is of uncertain or purely temporary duration, or who are employed for brief periods at intervals;

(20) employees employed on a fee, contract, or piece work basis;

(21) employees who may lawfully perform their duties concurrently with their private profession, business, or other employment, and whose duties require only a portion of their time, when it is impracticable to ascertain or anticipate the proportion of time devoted to the service of the Government of the United States;

(22) "teachers" and "teaching positions" as defined by section 901 of title 20;

(23) administrative patent judges and designated administrative patent judges in the United States Patent and Trademark Office;

(24) temporary positions in the Bureau of the Census established under section 23 of title 13, and enumerator positions in the Bureau of the Census;

(25) positions for which rates of basic pay are individually fixed, or expressly authorized to be fixed, by other statute, at or in excess of the rate for level V of the Executive Schedule;

(26) civilian members of the faculty of the Coast Guard Academy whose pay is fixed under section 186 of title 14;

(27) members of the police of the Library of Congress whose pay is fixed under section 167 of title 2;

(28) civilian members of the faculty of the Air Force Institute of Technology whose pay is fixed under section 9414 of title 10;

(29) administrative law judges appointed under section 3105; or

(30) members of agency boards of contract appeals appointed under section 7105(a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of title 41.

(d) This chapter does not apply to an employee of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol whose pay is fixed by other statute. Subsection (c) of this section, except paragraph (7), does not apply to the Office of the Architect of the Capitol.

(e) Except as may be specifically provided, this chapter does not apply for pay purposes to any employee of the government of the District of Columbia during fiscal year 2006 or any succeeding fiscal year.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(11), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 90–610, §2, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1201; Pub. L. 91–34, §2(a), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 91–358, title I, §172(f), July 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(9), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 93–176, §1, Dec. 5, 1973, 87 Stat. 693; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(12), (13), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(D), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(22), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(1), (6), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–191, §8(b), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167; Pub. L. 97–468, title VI, §615(b)(1)(C), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2578; Pub. L. 98–618, title V, §502(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3302; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, §504(b), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(n), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 100–135, §1(b)(2), Oct. 16, 1987, 101 Stat. 811; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, §1124(e), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1560; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(h), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §§101(b)(9)(F), 104(d)(1), 109(a)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441, 1447, 1451; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1209(h)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1667; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §403(c)(1), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), (2), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title V, §533(c), title IX, §923(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1658, 1731; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(g), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 103–446, title XII, §1203(b), Nov. 2, 1994, 108 Stat. 4689; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687, 2868; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4732(b)(3)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–583; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §557(b)(5), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 109–356, title III, §303(b), Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2040; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 111–282, §4(c)(1), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3043; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(8), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 114–113, div. M, title IV, §402, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2921; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(c)(1), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1841.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)(1) | 5 U.S.C. 1081(a). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §201(a), 63 Stat. 954. |

5 U.S.C. 1082(12)–(20), (32). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §202 (12)–(20), 63 Stat. 954. | |

May 29, 1959, Pub. L. 86–36, §1, 73 Stat. 63. | ||

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–370, §6(a) (less (4)), 73 Stat. 652. | ||

(a)(3)–(5) | 5 U.S.C. 1091. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §301, 63 Stat. 957. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1081(b). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §201(b), 63 Stat. 954. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 1082(1)–(6), (7) (less provisos), (8) (less last 31 words), (9)–(11), (21)–(31), (33)–(35). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §202 (1)–(6), (7) (less last 25 words), (8) (less last 31 words), (9)–(11), (21)–(31), 63 Stat. 954. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §105(a) "(7) (less provisos)", 68 Stat. 1106. |

June 17, 1957, Pub. L. 85–56, §2201(20), 71 Stat. 159. | ||

July 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–550, §16(a), (b)(1), 72 Stat. 411. | ||

Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(o), 72 Stat. 1266. |
||

July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, §3, 73 Stat. 213. | ||

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–370, §6(a)(4), 73 Stat. 652. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–769, §4, 74 Stat. 912. | ||

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 1084(b). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §204(b), 63 Stat. 957. |


The section is reorganized and restated for clarity.

In subsection (a)(1)(i), the exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is added to preserve the application of this chapter to "corporations wholly owned by the United States". This is necessary as the defined term "Executive agency" includes the defined term "Government corporation" and the latter includes both Government owned and controlled corporations. Thus the exclusion of Government controlled corporations, which are distinct from wholly owned corporations, operates to preserve the application of the chapter to wholly owned corporations.

In subsection (a)(1)(vii), the words "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Railroad Company" on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a)(2), 64 Stat. 1038.

The exception for the Inland Waterways Corporation in former section 1082(13) is omitted on authority of the Act of July 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–67, 77 Stat. 81.

The exceptions for Production Credit Corporations and Federal Intermediate Credit Banks in former section 1082(18) and (19) are omitted as they are no longer "corporations wholly owned by the United States". Under the Farm Credit Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 659, the Production Credit Corporations were merged in the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and pursuant to that Act the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks have ceased to be corporations wholly owned by the United States.

Subsection (a)(2) is added for clarity. The reference to "an individual employed in or under an agency" includes both officers and employees of an agency.

In subsection (a)(5), the words "in the General Schedule" are substituted for the reference in former section 1091(3) to "as specified in subchapter V of this chapter".

In subsection (b), the reference to former section 1085 is omitted as unnecessary. Former section 1085 which exempted certain agencies from former sections 1151–1153 is carried into section 305.

In subsection (c)(1), the words "chapter 45 of title 39" are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(1) to "chapter 23 of title 39" on authority of the Act of July 10, 1955, ch. 137, §805, 69 Stat. 130, and the Act of Sept. 2, 1960, Pub. L. 86–682, §5, 74 Stat. 705.

In subsection (c)(2)(B), the words "this chapter" are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(2)(B) to "the Classification Act of 1923, as amended," on authority of section 1106 of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, 63 Stat. 972, and technical section 7(b).

In subsection (c)(4), the words "chapter 15 of title 31, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(4) to "the District of Columbia Teachers Salary Act of 1947, as supplemented by Public Law 151, Eighty-first Congress, approved June 30, 1949" on authority of the provisions contained therein. The words "District of Columbia Court of General Sessions" and "District of Columbia Court of Appeals" are substituted for "Municipal Court for the District of Columbia" and "Municipal Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia", respectively, on authority of D.C. Code §§11–902 and 11–702. The exception for judges of the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia is based on D.C. Code §11–1502.

In subsection (c)(5), the word "officers" is omitted as included in "member".

In subsection (c)(10), the words "sections 6952 and 7478 of title 10", "section 7044 of title 10", and "section 7043 of title 10" are substituted for the references in former section 1082(10) to "section 1071 of title 34", "sections 1076–1076f of title 34", and "section 1074 of title 34", respectively, on authority of the Act of Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §49(b), 70A Stat. 640.

In subsection (c)(11), the words "the United States" are substituted for "the several States and the District of Columbia".

In subsection (c)(14), the words "employees necessary for the transaction of the business of the Service at canteens, warehouses, and storage depots whose employment is authorized by section 4202 of title 38" are substituted for the reference in former section 1082(23) to "positions which are exempt from this chapter, pursuant to section 4202 of title 38".

In subsection (c)(16), the reference to "section 4114 of title 38" is substituted for the reference in former section 1082(25) to "section 4114(b) of title 38" to reflect the pay fixing authority contained in subsection (a)(1) of section 4114.

In subsection (c)(22), the words "as defined by section 901 of title 20" are substituted for "as defined in the Defense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act" on authority of former section 2351, which is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

In subsection (c)(25), the word "schedule" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. The words "for GS–18" are substituted for "of the highest grade established by this chapter".

The second sentence of subsection (d) is based on former section 1084(c), which is carried into section 5103.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5102(c)(26) | 5 App.: 1082(36). | June 9, 1966, Pub. L. 89–444, §4, 80 Stat. 198. |


The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5102(c)(15) is made to correct a typographical error.

The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5102(c)(26) reflects Public Law 89–444, section 4.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(5), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Section 432 of title 14, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), was redesignated section 2531 of title 14 by Pub. L. 115–282, title I, §114(b), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4223, and references to section 432 of title 14 deemed to refer to such redesignated section, see section 123(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–282, set out as a References to Sections of Title 14 as Redesignated by Pub. L. 115–282 note preceding section 101 of Title 14, Coast Guard.

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c)(25), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

**2018**—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 115–232, §809(c)(1)(A), substituted "section 1595, 7371, 8748, or 9371 of title 10" for "section 1595, 4021, 7478, or 9021 of title 10", "sections 7438, 8452, and 9438, respectively, of title 10" for "sections 4338, 6952, and 9338, respectively, of title 10", "section 8544 of title 10" for "section 7044 of title 10", and "section 8543 of title 10" for "section 7043 of title 10".

Subsec. (c)(28). Pub. L. 115–232, §809(c)(1)(B), substituted "section 9414 of title 10" for "section 9314 of title 10".

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii), (viii), (x). Pub. L. 114–113 struck out "or" at end of cl. (vii), added cl. (viii), and substituted semicolon for period at end of cl. (x).

**2011**—Subsec. (c)(30). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 7105(a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of title 41" for "section 8 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978".

**2010**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 111–282 substituted "the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division" for "the Executive Protective Service".

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(x). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2006**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–356 added subsec. (e).

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–375, §557(b)(5)(B), which directed amendment of subsec. (b) by substituting "Provost and Academic Dean" for "Academic Dean", could not be executed because the words "Academic Dean" did not appear.

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 108–375, §557(b)(5)(A), substituted "Provost and Academic Dean of the Naval Postgraduate School" for "Academic Dean of the Postgraduate School of the Naval Academy".

**1999**—Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 106–113 amended par. (23) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (23) read as follows: "examiners-in-chief and designated examiners-in-chief in the Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce;".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(vi), (vii). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(2)(A), redesignated cls. (vii) and (viii) as (vi) and (vii), respectively, and struck out former cl. (vi) which read as follows: "the Panama Canal Commission;".

Subsec. (a)(1)(viii). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), which directed redesignation of cl. (ix) as (viii) could not be executed because subsec. (a)(1) did not contain a cl. (ix). See 1983 Amendment note below. Former cl. (viii) redesignated (vii).

Subsec. (a)(1)(ix), (x). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), redesignated cls. (x) and (xi) as (ix) and (x), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(1)(xi). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(2)(A)(ii), redesignated cl. (xi) as (x).

Pub. L. 104–201, §1122(a)(1), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(2)(B), struck out par. (12) which read as follows: "any Executive agency to the extent of any election under section 1212(b)(2) (relating to the Panama Canal Employment System) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979;".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(ix) to (xi). Pub. L. 103–359 directed the amendment of cl. (ix) by striking "or" at end which could not be executed because par. (1) does not contain a cl. (ix), directed the substitution of "; or" for period at end of cl. (x) which was executed by inserting "or" at end of cl. (x) to reflect the probable intent of Congress because a semicolon already exists at end of cl. (x), and added cl. (xi).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–446 struck out comma after "Department of Veterans Affairs".

**1993**—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 103–160, §923(b), inserted "(and, in the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, the Director and the Deputy Director)" after "professional military education school".

Pub. L. 103–160, §533(c), substituted "at the Military Academy, the Naval Academy, and the Air Force Academy whose pay is fixed under sections 4338, 6952, and 9338, respectively, of title 10" for "at the Naval Academy whose pay is fixed under section 6952 of title 10".

**1991**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(2), substituted "Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration".

Subsec. (c)(14). Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

Pub. L. 102–40, §403(c)(1)(A), substituted "section 7802 of title 38" for "section 4202 of title 38".

Subsec. (c)(16). Pub. L. 102–40, §403(c)(1)(B), substituted "sections 7405 and 7406" for "section 4114".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated subpars. (C) to (G) as (B) to (F), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (B) which included Administrative Office of United States Courts within definition of "agency".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §109(a)(2)], substituted "members" for "and members" after "Protective Service;" and inserted at end "and members of the police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint whose pay is fixed under section 5378 of this title;".

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 101–510 struck out "and" before "the Academic Dean" and inserted at end "civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers in the defense acquisition university structure (including the Defense Systems Management College) whose pay is fixed under section 1746(b) of title 10;".

Subsec. (c)(25). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(F)], substituted "rate for level V of the Executive Schedule" for "maximum rate for GS–18".

Subsec. (c)(29), (30). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §104(d)(1)], added pars. (29) and (30).

**1989**—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 101–189 inserted "civilian professors, instructors, and lecturers at a professional military education school whose pay is fixed under section 1595, 4021, 7478, or 9021 of title 10;", struck out "the Naval War College and" after "instructors at", and substituted "section 6952" for "sections 6952 and 7478".

**1987**—Subsec. (c)(27). Pub. L. 100–135 substituted "police" for "special police force".

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(14). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted "(other than employees of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment System appointed under section 8474(c)(2) of this title)".

**1985**—Subsec. (c)(28). Pub. L. 99–145 added par. (28).

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1)(viii) to (x). Pub. L. 98–618 struck out "or" at end of cl. (viii), inserted "or" at end of cl. (ix), and added cl. (x).

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(1)(iii) to (ix). Pub. L. 97–468, eff. Jan. 5, 1985, struck out cl. (iii) which excluded the Alaska Railroad and redesignated cls. (iv) to (ix) as (iii) to (viii), respectively. See Effective Date of 1983 Amendment note below.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1)(ix). Pub. L. 96–191 added cl. (ix).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "members of the Foreign Service whose pay is fixed under the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "employees in the Foreign Service of the United States whose pay is fixed under chapter 14 of title 22".

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(vii). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(1), substituted "Commission" for "Company".

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(6), substituted provisions relating to any Executive agency to the extent of any election under section 1212(b)(2) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 for provisions relating to employees of an agency who are stationed in the Canal Zone or in the Republic of Panama.

Subsec. (c)(23). Pub. L. 96–54 inserted "and Trademark" after "Patent".

**1978**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 95–454, §801(a)(3)(D), substituted "5375" for "5365".

Subsec. (c)(12)(B). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1975**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(12), substituted "Executive Protective Service" for "White House Police".

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(13), substituted "305" for "40".

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–176 extended this chapter to include positions in local boards and appeal boards within the Selective Service System and employees occupying those positions.

**1970**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed provision declaring this chapter inapplicable to employees in the postal field service whose pay is fixed under chapter 45 of title 39.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 91–358 expanded reference to include chief judges, substituted reference to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia for references to the District of Columbia Court of General Sessions and the Juvenile Court of the District of Columbia, and provided that chapter not apply to nonjudicial employees of the District of Columbia court system whose pay is fixed under title 11 of the District of Columbia Code.

**1969**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 91–34 extended provisions to include members of the National Zoological Park police force whose pay is fixed under section 5365 of this title.

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–610 inserted par. (27).

Position of Provost and Academic Dean of the Naval Postgraduate School now known as Provost and Chief Academic Officer. See section 8543 of Title 10, Armed Forces, as amended by Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title V, §554(a)(1)(A), (2)(A), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2594.

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsecs. (a)(1)(D) and (c)(9) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 111–282, §5, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3044, provided that: "This Act [enacting chapter 102 of this title, amending this section and sections 5541, 6304, and 6324 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 10201 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 3056A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 2010]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Amendment by section 1122(a)(1) of Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by section 529 [title I, §§101(b)(9)(F), 104(d)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by section 529 [title I, §109(a)(2)] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 30th day following Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title I, §109(c)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5378 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–135, §3, Oct. 16, 1987, 101 Stat. 812, provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 [amending this section and sections 167 and 167h of Title 2, The Congress] shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning after September 30, 1987, except that any pay increase for employees of the Library of Congress, pursuant to the amendments made by such section, shall be subject to appropriation and shall be implemented in four approximately equal annual increments, so that pay parity with the Capitol Police occurs beginning with the first pay period beginning after September 30, 1990."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–468 effective on date of transfer of Alaska Railroad to the State [Jan. 5, 1985], pursuant to section 1203 of Title 45, Railroads, see section 615(b) of Pub. L. 97–468.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–191 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–191.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(D) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(2)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–176 effective not later than beginning of first pay period which begins on or after 90th day following Dec. 5, 1973, see section 4 of Pub. L. 93–176, set out as a note under section 3809 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–358 effective first day of seventh calendar month which begins after July 29, 1970, see section 199(a) of Pub. L. 91–358, set out as a note under section 1257 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–34 effective at beginning of first pay period which commences on or after June 30, 1969, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5375 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–610, §3, Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1201, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 167 of Title 2, The Congress] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1968]. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Act, no rate of basic pay shall be reduced by reason of the enactment of this Act."

Pub. L. 90–83, §9(h), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that: "Section 1(3) [amending section 1305 of this title], (10) [amending section 3324 of this title], (11) [amending this section], (12) [amending section 5108 of this title], (22) [enacting section 5534a of this title], (23) [amending the analysis for chapter 55 of this title], (83)(a) and (d) [amending section 8344 of this title], (89) [amending section 8521 of this title], (98) [amending section 902 of this title], (99) [amending section 903 of this title], and (100) [amending section 8113 of this title] of this Act is effective as of September 6, 1966, for all purposes."

General repealer of provisions inconsistent with Pub. L. 92–392 as not repealing or affecting subsec. (d) of this section, see section 13 of Pub. L. 92–392, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Virgin Islands Corporation established to have succession until June 30, 1969, unless sooner dissolved by Act of Congress, by act June 30, 1949, ch. 285, 63 Stat. 350, as amended (48 U.S.C. 1407 et seq.). Corporation terminated its program June 30, 1965, and dissolved July 1, 1966. Act June 30, 1949, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–357, title III, §308(e), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710.

Pub. L. 99–145, title V, §504(c), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 622, as amended by Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(c)(2), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1841, provided that: "Section 9414(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)(1)(B)), and section 5102(c)(28) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (b)), shall not apply to any person who on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1985]—

"(1) is a civilian member of the faculty of the United States Air Force Institute of Technology;

"(2) is paid a rate of basic pay under the General Schedule; and

"(3) elects, under procedures prescribed by the Secretary of the Air Force, to continue to be paid under the General Schedule."

Amendments by Pub. L. 92–392 not to decrease basic pay rate of subsec. (c)(7), (8), or (14) employees in service before effective date of the amendments as to such employees, see section 9(a)(2) of Pub. L. 92–392, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 574, set out as a note under section 5343 of this title.

Rate of basic pay not to be reduced by reason of the enactment of Pub. L. 91–34, which amended this section, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as a note under section 5365 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 See Change of Name note below.

The Office of Personnel Management shall determine finally the applicability of section 5102 of this title to specific positions and employees, except for positions and employees in the Office of the Architect of the Capitol.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1083. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §203, 63 Stat. 956. | |

5 U.S.C. 1084(c). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §204(c), 63 Stat. 957. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §105(b), 68 Stat. 1106. |


Former sections 1083 and 1084(c) are combined and restated for clarity. The words "hereinafter referred to as the Commission" in former section 1083 are omitted as unnecessary. The exception from "section 1082 (except paragraph (7) thereof)" in former section 1084(c) is carried into section 5102(d).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The General Schedule, the symbol for which is "GS", is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this chapter applies. The General Schedule is divided into grades of difficulty and responsibility of work, as follows:

(1) Grade GS–1 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are to perform, under immediate supervision, with little or no latitude for the exercise of independent judgment—

(A) the simplest routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations; or

(B) elementary work of a subordinate technical character in a professional, scientific, or technical field.

(2) Grade GS–2 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under immediate supervision, with limited latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, routine work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring some training or experience; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(3) Grade GS–3 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under immediate or general supervision, somewhat difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work of limited scope in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—

(i) some training or experience;

(ii) working knowledge of a special subject matter; or

(iii) to some extent the exercise of independent judgment in accordance with well-established policies, procedures, and techniques; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(4) Grade GS–4 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under immediate or general supervision, moderately difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal operations, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—

(i) a moderate amount of training and minor supervisory or other experience;

(ii) good working knowledge of a special subject matter or a limited field of office, laboratory, engineering, scientific, or other procedure and practice; and

(iii) the exercise of independent judgment in accordance with well-established policies, procedures, and techniques; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(5) Grade GS–5 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—

(i) considerable training and supervisory or other experience;

(ii) broad working knowledge of a special subject matter or of office, laboratory, engineering, scientific, or other procedure and practice; and

(iii) the exercise of independent judgment in a limited field;

(B) to perform, under immediate supervision, and with little opportunity for the exercise of independent judgment, simple and elementary work requiring professional, scientific, or technical training; or

(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(6) Grade GS–6 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, difficult and responsible work in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—

(i) considerable training and supervisory or other experience;

(ii) broad working knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and

(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(7) Grade GS–7 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, work of considerable difficulty and responsibility along special technical or supervisory lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, or comparable subordinate technical work in a professional, scientific, or technical field, requiring in either case—

(i) considerable specialized or supervisory training and experience;

(ii) comprehensive working knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and

(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment;

(B) under immediate or general supervision, to perform somewhat difficult work requiring—

(i) professional, scientific, or technical training; and

(ii) to a limited extent, the exercise of independent technical judgment; or

(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(8) Grade GS–8 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, very difficult and responsible work along special technical or supervisory lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—

(i) considerable specialized or supervisory training and experience;

(ii) comprehensive and thorough working knowledge of a specialized and complex subject matter, procedure, or practice, or of the principles of the profession, art, or science involved; and

(iii) to a considerable extent the exercise of independent judgment; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(9) Grade GS–9 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, very difficult and responsible work along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—

(i) somewhat extended specialized training and considerable specialized, supervisory, or administrative experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work;

(ii) thorough and fundamental knowledge of a special and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved; and

(iii) considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment;

(B) with considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform moderately difficult and responsible work, requiring—

(i) professional, scientific, or technical training equivalent to that represented by graduation from a college or university of recognized standing; and

(ii) considerable additional professional, scientific, or technical training or experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work; or

(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(10) Grade GS–10 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general supervision, highly difficult and responsible work along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—

(i) somewhat extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated capacity for sound independent work;

(ii) thorough and fundamental knowledge of a specialized and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved; and

(iii) considerable latitude for the exercise of independent judgment; or

(B) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(11) Grade GS–11 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general administrative supervision and with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of marked difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—

(i) extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated important attainments and marked capacity for sound independent action or decision; and

(ii) intimate grasp of a specialized and complex subject matter, or of the profession, art, or science involved, or of administrative work of marked difficulty;

(B) with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform responsible work of considerable difficulty requiring somewhat extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated important attainments and marked capacity for independent work; or

(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(12) Grade GS–12 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general administrative supervision, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of a very high order of difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines in office, business, or fiscal administration, requiring—

(i) extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and attainments of a high order in specialized or administrative work; and

(ii) intimate grasp of a specialized and complex subject matter or of the profession, art, or science involved;

(B) under general administrative supervision, and with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, to perform professional, scientific, or technical work of marked difficulty and responsibility requiring extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and attainments of a high order in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration; or

(C) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(13) Grade GS–13 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of unusual difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines, requiring extended specialized, supervisory, or administrative training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and marked attainments;

(B) to serve as assistant head of a major organization involving work of comparable level within a bureau;

(C) to perform, under administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of unusual difficulty and responsibility requiring extended professional, scientific, or technical training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and marked attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration; or

(D) to perform other work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(14) Grade GS–14 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general administrative direction, with wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of exceptional difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments;

(B) to serve as head of a major organization within a bureau involving work of comparable level;

(C) to plan and direct or to plan and execute major professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized programs, requiring extended training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration, or in administrative, fiscal, or other specialized activities; or

(D) to perform consulting or other professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(15) Grade GS–15 includes those classes of positions the duties of which are—

(A) to perform, under general administrative direction, with very wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of outstanding difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines which has demonstrated leadership and exceptional attainments;

(B) to serve as head of a major organization within a bureau involving work of comparable level;

(C) to plan and direct or to plan and execute specialized programs of marked difficulty, responsibility, and national significance, along professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other lines, requiring extended training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments in professional, scientific, or technical research, practice, or administration, or in administrative, fiscal, or other specialized activities; or

(D) to perform consulting or other professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §102(b)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1443.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1111. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §601, 63 Stat. 959. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §107, 68 Stat. 1108. |
|

5 U.S.C. 1112. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §602, 63 Stat. 959. | |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §108, 68 Stat. 1108. | ||

June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §13(a), 72 Stat. 214. |


Former sections 1111 and 1112 are combined and restated.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The General Schedule, referred to in text, is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 struck out "18" before "grades" in introductory provisions and struck out pars. (16) to (18) which described grades GS–16 to GS–18.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–216, May 17, 1970, 84 Stat. 72, provided: "That this Act may be cited as the 'Job Evaluation Policy Act of 1970'.

"

"(1) the tremendous growth required in the activities of the Federal Government in order to meet the country's needs during the past several decades has led to the need for employees in an ever-increasing and changing variety of occupations and professions, many of which did not exist when the basic principles of job evaluation and ranking were established by the Classification Act of 1923 [Act Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 265, 42 Stat. 1488]. The diverse and constantly changing nature of these occupations and professions requires that the Federal Government reassess its approach to job evaluation and ranking better to fulfill its role as an employer and assure efficient economical administration;

"(2) the large number and variety of job evaluation and ranking systems in the executive branch have resulted in significant inequities in selection, promotion, and pay of employees in comparable positions among these systems;

"(3) little effort has been made by Congress or the executive branch to consolidate or coordinate the various job evaluation and ranking systems, and there has been no progress toward the establishment of a coordinated system in which job evaluation and ranking, regardless of the methods used, is related to a unified set of principles providing coherence and equity throughout the executive branch;

"(4) within the executive branch, there has been no significant study of, or experimentation with the several recognized methods of job evaluation and ranking to determine which of those methods are most appropriate for use and application to meet the present and future needs of the Federal Government; and

"(5) notwithstanding the recommendations resulting from the various studies conducted during the last twenty years, the Federal Government has not taken the initiative to implement those recommendations with respect to the job evaluation and ranking systems within the executive branch, with the result that such systems have not, in many cases, been adapted or administered to meet the rapidly changing needs of the Federal Government.

"

"(1) the executive branch shall, in the interest of equity, efficiency, and good administration, operate under a coordinated job evaluation and ranking system for all civilian positions, to the greatest extent practicable;

"(2) the system shall be designed so as to utilize such methods of job evaluation and ranking as are appropriate for use in the executive branch, taking into account the various occupational categories of positions therein; and

"(3) the United States Civil Service Commission shall be authorized to exercise general supervision and control over such a system.

"

"(1) provision for the establishment of a method or methods for evaluating jobs and alining them by level;

"(2) a time schedule for the conversion of existing job evaluation and ranking systems into the coordinated system;

"(3) provision that the Civil Service Commission shall have general supervision of and control over the coordinated job evaluation and ranking system, including, if the Commission deems it appropriate, the authority to approve or disapprove the adoption, use and administration in the executive branch of the method or methods established under that system;

"(4) provision for the establishment of procedures for the periodic review by the Civil Service Commission of the effectiveness of the method or methods adopted for use under the system; and

"(5) provision for maintenance of the system to meet the changing needs of the executive branch in the future.

"

"

"

"(b) Within two years after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 17, 1970]—

"(1) the Civil Service Commission shall complete its functions under this Act and shall transmit to the President a comprehensive report of the result of its activities, together with its recommendations (including its draft of proposed legislation to carry out such recommendations), and

"(2) the President shall transmit that report (including the recommendations and draft of proposed legislation of the Commission) to the Congress, together with such recommendations as the President deems appropriate.

"(c) The Commission shall submit to the Committees on Post Office and Civil Service of the Senate and House of Representatives once each calendar month, or at such other intervals as may be directed by those committees, or either of them, an interim progress report on the then current status and results of the activities of the Commission under this Act, together with the then current findings of the Commission.

"(d) The Commission shall periodically consult with, and solicit the views of, appropriate employee and professional organizations.

"(e) The organizational unit established under section 301 of this Act shall cease to exist upon the submission of the report to the Congress under subsection (b) of this section."

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, after consulting the agencies, shall prepare standards for placing positions in their proper classes and grades. The Office may make such inquiries or investigations of the duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements of positions as it considers necessary for this purpose. The agencies, on request of the Office, shall furnish information for and cooperate in the preparation of the standards. In the standards, which shall be published in such form as the Office may determine, the Office shall—

(1) define the various classes of positions in terms of duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements;

(2) establish the official class titles; and

(3) set forth the grades in which the classes have been placed by the Office.

(b) The Office, after consulting the agencies to the extent considered necessary, shall revise, supplement, or abolish existing standards, or prepare new standards, so that, as nearly as may be practicable, positions existing at any given time will be covered by current published standards.

(c) The official class titles established under subsection (a)(2) of this section shall be used for personnel, budget, and fiscal purposes. However, this requirement does not prevent the use of organizational or other titles for internal administration, public convenience, law enforcement, or similar purposes.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1094. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §401, 63 Stat. 957. |


The section is restated for clarity.

In subsection (b), the requirement that the Commission keep the standards up to date is omitted as included in the requirement that the Commission revise, supplement, or abolish existing standards, or prepare new standards so as to keep them current as nearly as practicable.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 111–352, §12, Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3882, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

(a) Each position shall be placed in its appropriate class. The basis for determining the appropriate class is the duties and responsibilities of the position and the qualifications required by the duties and responsibilities.

(b) Each class shall be placed in its appropriate grade. The basis for determining the appropriate grade is the level of difficulty, responsibility, and qualification requirements of the work of the class.

(c) Appropriated funds may not be used to pay an employee who places a supervisory position in a class and grade solely on the basis of the size of the organization unit or the number of subordinates supervised. These factors may be given effect only to the extent warranted by the work load of the organization unit and then only in combination with other factors, such as the kind, difficulty, and complexity of work supervised, the degree and scope of responsibility delegated to the supervisor, and the kind, degree, and character of the supervision exercised.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 453.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 1092. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §302, 63 Stat. 957. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 1093. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §303, 63 Stat. 957. |


In subsection (c), the prohibition is restated in positive form. The words "to pay" are substituted for the words "to pay the compensation of". The words "the group, section, bureau" are omitted as included in the words "the organization unit". The word "actually" in the phrase "of the supervision exercised" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Except as otherwise provided by this chapter, each agency shall place each position under its jurisdiction in its appropriate class and grade in conformance with standards published by the Office of Personnel Management or, if no published standards apply directly, consistently with published standards. When facts warrant, an agency may change a position which it has placed in a class or grade under this section from that class or grade to another class or grade. Subject to subchapter VI of chapter 53 of this title, these actions of an agency are the basis for pay and personnel transactions until changed by certificate of the Office.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(E), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1222, 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1102(a). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §502(a), 63 Stat. 958. |


The words "to which this chapter applies" are omitted as unnecessary in view of section 5102. The words "Subject to section 5337 of this title" are added to reflect the qualification imposed by that section.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission", "Office" for "Commission", and "subchapter VI of chapter 53" for "section 5337".

Amendment by section 803(a)(3)(E) of Pub. L. 95–454, substituting reference to subchapter VI of chapter 53 for reference to section 5337, effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 95–454, substituting reference to Office of Personnel Management for reference to Civil Service Commission, effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management may, for any Executive agency—

(1) establish, and from time to time revise, the maximum number of positions which may at any one time be classified above GS–15; and

(2) establish standards and procedures published by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in such form as the Director may determine (including requiring agencies, where necessary in the judgment of the Office, to obtain the prior approval of the Office) in accordance with which positions may be classified above GS–15.

(b) The President, rather than the Office, shall exercise the authority under subsection (a) in the case of positions proposed to be placed in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

(c) The Librarian of Congress may classify positions in the Library of Congress above GS–15 pursuant to standards established by the Office in subsection (a)(2).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 89–632, §1(a)–(d), Oct. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 878; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(12), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 197; Pub. L. 91–187, §1, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 91–206, §5(a), Mar. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 51; Pub. L. 91–596, §30, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §11, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1889; Pub. L. 91–656, §9, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 92–261, §12, Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §506(c), as added Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–282, title III, §301, May 14, 1974, 88 Stat. 137; Pub. L. 93–406, title I, §507(b), title II, §1051(b)(2), title IV, §4002(c), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 894, 951, 1005; Pub. L. 93–415, title II, §201(g), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1113; Pub. L. 93–463, title IV, §410, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1414; Pub. L. 93–516, title II, §208(b), Dec. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 93–651, title II, §208(b), Nov. 21, 1974, 89 Stat. 2–14; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(14), (15), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 94–233, §13, Mar. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 233; Pub. L. 94–503, title II, §202(a), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2426; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(b), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 95–190, §11(a), Nov. 16, 1977, 91 Stat. 1398; Pub. L. 95–219, §3(c), Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1614; Pub. L. 95–251, §1, Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(1)(A), (C), (D), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1177; Pub. L. 95–486, §10, Oct. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 1634; Pub. L. 95–563, §14(g), Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2390; Pub. L. 95–612, §3(b), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3091; Pub. L. 95–624, §22, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3466; Pub. L. 95–630, title V, §502(c), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3681; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(23), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–191, §8(c), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(g), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 100–702, title I, §104(c)(2), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4645; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(i), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §102(b)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1443; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(23), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 110–372, §2(c)(4), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044; Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1403, Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2038.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b), (c) (1)–(7), (d). | 5 U.S.C. 1105(a)–(h), (j)–(l). |
Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §505, 63 Stat. 959. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §101(a), 68 Stat. 1105. |

June 28, 1955, ch. 189, §12(a), 69 Stat. 179. | ||

July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §502, 70 Stat. 762. | ||

Aug. 14, 1957, Pub. L. 85–136, 71 Stat. 352. | ||

June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §§10 (less "(i)"), 11, 72 Stat. 213, 213A. | ||

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–370, §2(a), (b), 73 Stat. 650. | ||

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–377, §1(a), 73 Stat. 700. | ||

July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §203, 74 Stat. 305. | ||

Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–322, §1, 75 Stat. 685. | ||

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §§102(a), (b), 103(1), 75 Stat. 786, 787. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §606, 76 Stat. 848. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §103(b), 78 Stat. 402. | ||

(c)(8) | 5 U.S.C. 298a. | July 7, 1955, ch. 279, §201 (2d proviso on p. 273), 69 Stat. 273. |

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §607(b), 76 Stat. 850. | ||

(c)(9) | 45 U.S.C. 228j(b)(4) (4th sentence). | Sept. 6, 1958, Pub. L. 85–927, §3, 72 Stat. 1781. |


The section is reorganized for clarity.

In subsection (a)(2), the date "October 4, 1961" is substituted for "the date of enactment of this subparagraph".

Subsection (c)(6) is added on authority of section 302 of the Act of July 29, 1958, Pub. L. 85–568, 72 Stat. 433, 42 U.S.C. 2453, and Transfer Plan, effective March 15, 1960, 25 F.R. 2151, section 2(c) of which in effect transferred from the Department of Defense to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 5 of the 372 positions authorized to be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18 pursuant to section 1(a) of the Act of Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–377, 73 Stat. 700.

In subsection (c)(8), the words "on and after July 7, 1955" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (d), the words "subsequent to February 1, 1958" are omitted as obsolete and the words "of the Government" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5108(c)(5) corrects a typographical error and conforms to the source law (act of October 11, 1962, Public Law 87–793, section 606(b), 76 Stat. 849; former 5 U.S.C. 1105(j)).

**2009**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–68 added subsec. (c).

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–372 inserted "published by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in such form as the Director may determine" after "and procedures".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted a period for semicolon at end.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to classification of positions above GS–15, consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b), for provisions relating to classification of provisions at GS–16, 17, and 18, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–474 redesignated pars. (2) and (3) as (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (1), which read as follows: "the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, subject to the standards and procedures prescribed by this chapter, may place a total of 17 positions in GS–16, 17, and 18; and".

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–325 added cl. (iii) and substituted "the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service" for "GS–16, 17, and 18 in the Federal Bureau of Investigation" in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 100–702 substituted "17 positions" for "15 positions".

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–191 struck out par. (1) which authorized Comptroller General, subject to procedures prescribed by this section, to place a total of 90 positions in General Accounting Office in GS–16, 17, and 18, and redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (1) to (3), respectively.

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(4), (17). Pub. L. 96–54 redesignated par. (17), relating to executive departments or agencies in which boards of contracts appeals are established, as par. (4).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "3,310" for "3,301".

Pub. L. 95–612 substituted "3362" for "3301".

Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(C), substituted provisions authorizing Director of Office of Personnel Management to establish the maximum number of positions, not to exceed 10,777, which may be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18, and the Senior Executive Service and to place positions in GS–16, 17, or 18, and requiring the President to carry out the Director's authority for proposed positions in the Federal Bureau of Investigation for provisions authorizing a majority of the Civil Service Commissioners to establish the maximum number of positions, not to exceed 3362 (in addition to certain specified positions), which may be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18, placing a percentage limitation on the number of positions placed in GS–17 and 18, and requiring the approval of a majority of the Commissioners to place positions in GS–16, 17, or 18.

Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "340 administrative law judge" for "240 hearing examiner".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(i), (D)(i), redesignated par. (3), relating to the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States, as (2) and repealed former par. (2) relating to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 95–486 inserted provision subjecting the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to the standards and procedures prescribed by this chapter and substituted provision authorizing placement of 15 positions in GS–16, 17, and 18 for provision authorizing placement of 4 positions in GS–17.

Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(D), redesignated par. (12), relating to the Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court, as par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (c)(4) to (11). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(i), repealed par. (4) relating to the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, par. (5) relating to the Secretary of Defense, par. (6) relating to the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, pars. (7) and (8) relating to the Attorney General, par. (9) relating to the Railroad Retirement Board, par. (10) relating to the Secretary of Labor and the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, and par. (11) relating to the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 95–624 substituted "45" for "32".

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(D)(i), redesignated par. (12) relating to the Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court, as (3).

Subsec. (c)(13) to (16). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(i), repealed par. (13) relating to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, par. (14) relating to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, par. (15) relating to the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and par. (16) relating to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Subsec. (c)(17). Pub. L. 95–563 added par. (17).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(ii), repealed subsec. (d) which provided the order for reducing the positions authorized to be placed in grades GS–16, 17, and 18 under this section when a general authorization statute authorized additional positions in these grades.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(ii), repealed subsec. (e) which authorized Commissioner of Internal Revenue to place 20 additional positions in grades GS–16 and 17.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(ii), repealed subsec. (f) which authorized Secretary of Labor to place additional positions in grades GS–16, 17, and 18.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–454, §414(a)(1)(A)(ii), repealed subsec. (g) which authorized Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation to place additional positions in grades GS–16, 17, and 18.

**1977**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–219 substituted "3301" for "3293".

Pub. L. 95–190 substituted "3293" for "3243".

Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "3243" for "2754".

**1976**—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 94–233 restructured provisions and, as restructured, deleted authority relating to 8 positions of Member of the Board of Parole in GS–17.

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 94–503 substituted provision that the Attorney General, without regard to any other provision of this section, may place a total of 32 positions in GS–16, 17, and 18 for provision that the Attorney General, without regard to this chapter (except section 5114), may place 1 position in GS–16.

**1975**—Subsec. (c)(11). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(14), increased to twenty-five the number of positions which the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration may place in GS–16, 17, and 18. The increase required no change in text in view of the 1974 amendment by Pub. L. 93–415, which called for an identical increase.

Subsec. (c)(13) to (16). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(15), redesignated par. (12) relating to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, par. (12) relating to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Office for the Blind and Visually Handicapped of the Rehabilitation Services Administration, par. (13) relating to the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and par. (14) relating to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, as pars. (13) to (16), respectively.

**1974**—Subsec. (c)(11). Pub. L. 93–415 increased from twenty-two to twenty-five the number of positions which the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration may place in GS–16, 17, and 18. Amendment has been executed to subsec. (c)(11) as the probable intent of Congress notwithstanding direction in section 210 (g) of Pub. L. 93–415 that the amendment be executed to subsec. (c) (10).

Subsec. (c)(11) to (14). Pub. L. 93–282 redesignated par. (10) relating to Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, par. (10) relating to Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court, par. (11) relating to Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as pars. (11) to (13), respectively, and added par. (14) relating to GS–16, 17, and 18 positions in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 93–651 and Pub. L. 93–516 amended section identically, adding par. (12) relating to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Office for the Blind and Visually Handicapped of the Rehabilitation Services Administration.

Subsec. (c)(12). Pub. L. 93–463 added par. (12) relating to Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–406, §1051(b)(2), added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–406, §507(b), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–406, §4002(c), added subsec. (g).

**1973**—Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 93–83 substituted in par. (10) as added by Pub. L. 91–644 "twenty-two" for "twenty".

**1972**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–261 added par. (11).

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–656, §9(b), substituted "2,754" for "2,734".

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 91–656, §9(a), added par. (10) relating to Chief Judge of the United States Tax Court.

Pub. L. 91–644 added par. (10) relating to Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–206 substituted "2,734" for "2,727".

Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 91–596 added par. (10) relating to positions in the Department of Labor.

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–187, §1(a), substituted "2,727" for "2,577".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–187, §1(b), increased number of positions in Library of Congress from 28 to 44.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–187, §1(c), increased number of positions in GAO from 64 to 90.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–187, §1(d), increased number of positions in FBI from 110 to 140.

**1966**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–632, §1(a), increased number of positions authorized to be established from 2,400 to 2,577, struck out cl. (1) designation preceding the provision limiting number of positions to be placed in GS–17 and GS–18, and struck out cls. (2) to (5), which made positions available only for allocation as follows: 50, with Presidential approval, for an agency or function created after Oct. 4, 1961, 14 to the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 6 to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and 4 to the Federal Home Loan Bank Board, respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–632, §1(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c)(1). Public L. 89–632, §1(c), increased number of positions in GAO from 39 to 64.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 89–632, §1(d), increased number of positions in FBI from 75 to 110.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–372 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the 180th day following Oct. 8, 2008, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as a note under section 5376 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–702, title I, §109, Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4645, provided that: "This title [amending this section] shall become effective on January 1, 1989."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–191 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–191.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 509 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 1752 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–612 effective Oct. 1, 1978, or some later date related to availability of funds under appropriation acts authorized by appropriations authorization, see section 7 of Pub. L. 95–612, set out as a note under section 276c–2 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–563 effective with respect to contracts entered into 120 days after Nov. 1, 1978 and, at the election of the contractor, with respect to any claim pending at such time before the contracting officer or initiated thereafter, see section 16 of Pub. L. 95–563, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2391.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 415(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–233 effective on sixtieth day following Mar. 15, 1976, see section 16(b) of Pub. L. 94–233, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4201 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–463 effective Oct. 23, 1974, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–415 effective Sept. 7, 1974, see section 263(a) of Pub. L. 93–415, formerly set out as an Effective Date note under section 11101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–406, §1051(b)(2), effective on 90th day after Sept. 2, 1974, see section 1051(d) of Pub. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 7802 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–406, §4002(c), effective Sept. 2, 1974, see section 4082(a) of Pub. L. 93–406, which is classified to section 1461(a) of Title 29, Labor.

Offices and salaries modified under amendment by Pub. L. 93–83, prospectively only, effective on and after Aug. 6, 1973, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–83.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–612, §3(b), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3091, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068.

Pub. L. 95–612, §3(a), (c), Nov. 8, 1978, 92 Stat. 3091, 3092, relating to the appointment of GS–16, GS–17, and GS–18 positions, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068.

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(1)(B), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1177, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (other than section 5108 of such title 5), the authority granted to an agency (as defined in section 5102(a)(1) of such title 5 under any such provision to place one or more positions in GS–16, 17, or 18 of the General Schedule, is hereby terminated."

Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §414(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1178, provided that:

"(A) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection [amending sections 3104 and 5108 of this title] shall not apply with respect to any position so long as the individual occupying such position on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978] continues to occupy such position.

"(B) The Director—

"(i) in establishing under section 5108 of title 5, United States Code, the maximum number of positions which may be placed in GS–16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule, and

"(ii) in establishing under section 3104 of such title 5 the maximum number of scientific or professional positions which may be established,

shall take into account positions to which subparagraph (A) of this paragraph applies."

[References in laws to rates of pay for GS–16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of this title, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note under section 5376 of this title.]

Pub. L. 95–26, title I, May 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 94, authorizing the Director of the Office of Management and Budget to place a total of five positions on GS–16, 17, and 18 in addition to the positions authorized by section 5108 of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–258, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068.

Preference to be given to blind individuals in selection of additional personnel under subsec. (c)(12) of this section, see section 208(c) of Pub. L. 93–516, set out as a note under section 702 of Title 29, Labor.

(a) The position held by an employee of the Department of Agriculture while he, under section 450d of title 7,1 is designated and vested with a delegated regulatory function or part thereof shall be classified in accordance with this chapter, but not lower than GS–14.

(b)(1) The position held by a fully experienced and qualified railroad safety inspector of the Department of Transportation shall be classified in accordance with this chapter, but not lower than GS–12.

(2) The position held by a railroad safety specialist of the Department shall be classified in accordance with this chapter, but not lower than GS–13.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 91–34, §2(b), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 93–406, title II, §1051(b)(1), Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 951; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(G)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(b)(1), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1102(e)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 704.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 516b (3d sentence). | Apr. 4, 1940, ch. 75, §2 (3d sentence), 54 Stat. 81. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 3013(a) (10th through 24th words of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §14(a) (10th through 24th words of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence), 73 Stat. 716. |

(c) | 40 U.S.C. 193w. | Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–379, §1, 73 Stat. 702. |


In subsection (a), the words "section 450d of title 7" are substituted for "this section" to reflect the scheduled transfer of former section 516b to title 7.

In subsection (c), the words "Notwithstanding any other law" were omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 450d of title 7, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means section 2 of act Apr. 4, 1940, ch. 75, which was formerly classified to section 450d of Title 7, Agriculture, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as section 2204–2 of Title 7.

**1998**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 105–206 redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "The position held by the employee appointed under section 7802(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be considered a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108."

**1994**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–272 added subsec. (c).

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "shall be considered a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108" for "is classified at GS–18, and is in addition to the number of positions authorized by section 5108(a) of this title".

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1978**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). Former subsec. (b), which related to classification of position held by an employee appointed under section 1104(a)(2) of this title, was struck out.

**1974**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–406 added subsec. (c). A prior subsec. (c) was repealed by Pub. L. 91–34.

**1969**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–34 repealed subsec. (c) provisions classifying positions on National Zoological Park police force authorized pursuant to section 193n of title 40.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–406 effective on 90th day after Sept. 2, 1974, see section 1051(d) of Pub. L. 93–406, set out as a note under section 7802 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–34 effective at beginning of first pay period which commences on or after June 30, 1969, see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5375 of this title.

Rate of basic pay not to be reduced by reason of enactment of Pub. L. 91–34, which amended this section, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 91–34, set out as a note under section 5365 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, from time to time, shall review such number of positions in each agency as will enable the Office to determine whether the agency is placing positions in classes and grades in conformance with or consistently with published standards.

(b) When the Office finds under subsection (a) of this section that a position is not placed in its proper class and grade in conformance with published standards or that a position for which there is no published standard is not placed in the class and grade consistently with published standards, it shall, after consultation with appropriate officials of the agency concerned, place the position in its appropriate class and grade and shall certify this action to the agency. The agency shall act in accordance with the certificate, and the certificate is binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1102(b). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §502(b), 63 Stat. 958. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1103. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §503, 63 Stat. 958. |


In subsection (b), the words "to which this chapter applies" are omitted as unnecessary in view of section 5102. The words "appropriate officials" and "administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials" are substituted for "appropriate officers and employees" and "administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officers", respectively, to preserve the application to members of the uniformed services who are excluded from the definition of "officer" and "employee".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) When the Office of Personnel Management finds that an agency is not placing positions in classes and grades in conformance with or consistently with published standards, it may revoke or suspend the authority granted to the agency by section 5107 of this title and require that prior approval of the Office be secured before an action placing a position in a class and grade becomes effective for payroll and other personnel purposes. The Office may limit the revocation or suspension to—

(1) the departmental or field service, or any part thereof;

(2) a geographic area;

(3) an organization unit or group of organization units;

(4) certain types of classification actions;

(5) classes in particular occupational groups or grades; or

(6) classes for which standards have not been published.

(b) After revocation or suspension, the Office may restore the authority to the extent that it is satisfied that later actions placing positions in classes and grades will be in conformance with or consistent with published standards.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1104. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §504, 63 Stat. 959. |


In subsection (a), the words "in whole or in part" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the specific authority to limit the revocation or suspension. The words "The Commission may limit the revocation or suspension to" are substituted for "Such revocations or suspensions may be limited, in the discretion of the Commission, to" to eliminate redundancy.

In subsection (b), the words "After revocation or suspension" are substituted for "After all or part of the authority of the department has been revoked or suspended". The words "may restore" are substituted for "may at any time restore" to eliminate redundancy.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Notwithstanding section 5107 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management may—

(1) ascertain currently the facts as to the duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements of a position;

(2) place in an appropriate class and grade a newly created position or a position coming initially under this chapter;

(3) decide whether a position is in its appropriate class and grade; and

(4) change a position from one class or grade to another class or grade when the facts warrant.

The Office shall certify to the agency concerned its action under paragraph (2) or (4) of this subsection. The agency shall act in accordance with the certificate, and the certificate is binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials.

(b) An employee affected or an agency may request at any time that the Office exercise the authority granted to it by subsection (a) of this section and the Office shall act on the request.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), (17), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1226.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1101. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §501, 63 Stat. 958. |


In subsection (a), the words "which may be exercised at any time in its discretion" are omitted as redundant. The words "is binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials" are substituted for "shall be binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officers of the Government" to preserve the application to members of the uniformed services.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(17), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management may—

(1) prescribe the form in which each agency shall record the duties and responsibilities of positions and the places where these records shall be maintained;

(2) examine these or other pertinent records of the agency; and

(3) interview employees of the agency who have knowledge of the duties and responsibilities of positions and information as to the reasons for placing a position in a class or grade.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1106. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §506, 63 Stat. 959. |


In paragraph (1), the words "to which this chapter applies" are omitted as unnecessary in view of section 5102.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, related to reports to Congress on positions in GS–16, 17, and 18.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this chapter, except sections 5109 and 5114.1

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 457; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1072. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1101, 63 Stat. 971. | |

5 U.S.C. 1072a. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §113, 68 Stat. 1108. |


Former sections 1072 and 1072a are combined and restated for clarity. The remainder of the authority is carried into sections 3324, 5338, and 7154.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 5114, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–386, title I, §110(a), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 822.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.











**2000**—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §645(a)(3)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–170, added item 5372b.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, repealed Pub. L. 100–510, §1206(i)(2). See 1990 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 102–378, §2(24), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348, substituted "repayments" for "repayment" in item 5379 and struck out "Sec." before item 5391.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(i)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1663, which added item 5380 "Pay authority for critical positions", was repealed by Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, which provided that this title shall read as if such section 1206(i)(2) had not been enacted.

Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(b)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1661, added item 5379.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §§101(a)(2), 102(a)(2), 103(b), 104(b), 105(a)(2), 109(a)(1)(B), title II, §§205(b), 211(b)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1443, 1445, 1446, 1448, 1451, 1457, 1461, struck out items 5301 "Policy", 5303 "Higher minimum rates; Presidential authority", 5304 "Presidential policies and regulations", 5305 "Annual pay reports and adjustments", 5306 "Advisory Committee on Federal Pay", 5307 "Pay fixed by administrative action", and 5308 "Pay limitation", and added items 5301 to 5307, struck out "; higher rates for supervisors of prevailing rate employees" after "appointments" in item 5333, substituted "Health care positions" for "Scientific and professional positions" in item 5371, and added items 5372a, 5376 to 5378, item for subchapter IX, and items 5391 and 5392.

Pub. L. 101–263, §1(b), Apr. 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 125, inserted "the" before "National" in item 5375.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(26)(B), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382, substituted "prevailing rate" for "wage-board" in item 5333.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(b), title VIII, §801(a)(3)(B)(i), (ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1172, 1221, struck out items 5337 "Pay saving" and 5345 "Retained rate of pay on reduction in grade or reassignment", added item for subchapter VI and items 5361 to 5366, redesignated former item for subchapter VI and items 5361 to 5365 as subchapter VII and items 5371 to 5375, respectively, and added item for subchapter VIII and items 5381 to 5385.

Pub. L. 95–251, §2(c)(4), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 184, substituted "Administrative law judges" for "Hearing examiners" in item 5362.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(6), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420, added item 5318.

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–392, §1(b), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 572, substituted items 5341, 5343, 5344, and 5345 relating to "Policy", "Prevailing rate determinations; wage schedules; night differentials", "Effective date of wage increase; retroactive pay" and "Retained rate of pay on reduction in grade or reassignment", for such former items relating to "Trades and crafts", "Effective date of pay increase", "Retroactive pay" and "Position classification appeals", added items 5342, 5346, 5347, and 5349, and renumbered former item 5342 as 5348.

**1971**—Pub. L. 91–656, §§2(b)(2), 3(b), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1946, 1951, struck out item 5302 "Annual reports on pay comparability" and added items 5305–5308.

**1969**—Pub. L. 91–34, §1(b), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41, added item 5365.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §223(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 642, added item 5345.

1 Section catchline amended by Pub. L. 108–136 without corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

It is the policy of Congress that Federal pay fixing for employees under the General Schedule be based on the principles that—

(1) there be equal pay for substantially equal work within each local pay area;

(2) within each local pay area, pay distinctions be maintained in keeping with work and performance distinctions;

(3) Federal pay rates be comparable with non-Federal pay rates for the same levels of work within the same local pay area; and

(4) any existing pay disparities between Federal and non-Federal employees should be completely eliminated.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 91–656, §2(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1946; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1429.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1171. | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §502, 76 Stat. 841. |


The words "It is the policy of Congress" are substituted for "The Congress hereby declares". The words "whereas the functions of a Federal salary system are to fix salary rates for the services rendered by Federal employees so as to make possible the employment of persons well qualified to conduct the Government's programs and to control expenditures of public funds for personal services with equity to the employee and to the taxpayer, and whereas fulfillment of these functions is essential to the development and maintenance of maximum proficiency in the civilian services of Government, then, accordingly" are omitted as unnecessary.

In the last sentence, the words "and henceforth" are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) It is the policy of Congress that Federal pay fixing for employees under statutory pay systems be based on the principles that—

"(1) there be equal pay for substantially equal work;

"(2) pay distinctions be maintained in keeping with work and performance distinctions;

"(3) Federal pay rates be comparable with private enterprise pay rates for the same levels of work; and

"(4) pay levels for the statutory pay systems be interrelated.

"(b) The pay rates of each statutory pay system shall be fixed and adjusted in accordance with the principles under subsection (a) of this section and the provisions of sections 5305, 5306, and 5308 of this title.

"(c) For the purpose of this subchapter, 'statutory pay system' means a pay system under—

"(1) subchapter III of this chapter, relating to the General Schedule;

"(2) section 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, relating to the Foreign Service of the United States; or

"(3) chapter 73 of title 38, relating to the Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration."

**1980**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "section 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "subchapter IV of chapter 14 of title 22".

**1971**—Pub. L. 91–656 designated provisions of first sentence as subsec. (a), incorporating former cl. (1) in cls. (1) and (2), and former cl. (2) in cl. (3), and inserted "for employees under statutory pay systems" after "Federal pay fixing"; substituted subsec. (b) reading "The pay rates of each statutory pay system shall be fixed and adjusted in accordance with the principles under subsection (a) of this section and the provisions of sections 5305, 5306, and 5308 of this title" for former second sentence providing "Pay levels for the several Federal statutory pay systems shall be interrelated, and pay levels shall be set and adjusted in accordance with these principles"; and added subsec. (c).

Section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509 provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title IX, §901], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–303, provided that: "This title [enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5304 and 5305 of this title and section 204 of Title 3, The President, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5305 of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Pay Equity Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 103–89, §1, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 3372, 4501, 4502, 5302, 5332, 5334 to 5336, 5361 to 5363, 5410, 5948, and 8473 of this title, sections 1602, 1732, and 1733 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 731 of Title 31, Money and Finance, repealing sections 4302a and 5401 to 5410 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3372, 5335, 5401, and 5410 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5304 of this title] may be cited as the 'Performance Management and Recognition System Termination Act'."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [§1], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(2) Except as otherwise expressly provided, any reference (actual or implicit) in any provision of this Act outside of FEPCA to 'this Act' (or to any title, section, or other designated provision of 'this Act'), and any reference made in any provision of law outside of this Act to the 'Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991' [Pub. L. 101–509] (or to any title, section, or other designated provision of such Act), shall be construed disregarding the provisions of FEPCA."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title III, §306], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1464, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 1(b) [section 529 [§1(b)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above], a reference in any of the preceding provisions of this title [section 529 [title III, §§301–305] of Pub. L. 101–509, enacting section 237 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending section 212 of Title 42, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 5304 of this title, and section 212 of Title 42] to 'this Act' [section 529 of Pub. L. 101–509] (other than a reference in section 301) [section 529 [title III, §301] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out below] shall not be considered to include any provision of title IV [section 529 [title IV, §§401–412] of Pub. L. 101–509, enacting sections 4521 to 4523 of this title, amending sections 5541, 5542, 5547, 8335, and 8425 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 4521, 5305, 5541, and 8335 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5541 of this title]."

Pub. L. 91–656, §1, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1946, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 5305 to 5308 and 5947 of this title, amending this section, sections 5108 and 5942 of this title, and section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service, repealing section 5302 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5303 and 5942 of this title, section 60a of Title 2, The Congress, and section 410 of Title 39] may be cited as the 'Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970'."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §111], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1453, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the Federal Government should institute systems for determining pay for its General Schedule employees under which the linkage between their performance and their pay will be strengthened;

"(2) the design of such systems should be developed by the Office of Personnel Management, in conjunction with the Pay-for-Performance Labor-Management Committee;

"(3) the systems should provide flexibility to adapt to the different needs of different agencies and organizational components in the Federal Government; and

"(4) any legislation needed to implement the systems should be enacted in a timely fashion so as to permit implementation of the system by October 1, 1993.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) a Chairman, who shall be appointed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of the appointee's education, training, and experience as an expert in compensation practices, and after consultation with the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of the House of Representatives, respectively;

"(2) an employee of the Office of Personnel Management, designated by the Director of such Office;

"(3) an employee of the Department of Defense, designated by the Secretary of Defense;

"(4) 3 individuals, each of whom shall be an employee designated by the head of each of 3 other departments or agencies selected by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management from among departments and agencies having substantial numbers of General Schedule employees; and

"(5) 6 individuals appointed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to serve as representatives of employee organizations which represent substantial numbers of General Schedule employees, and who shall be selected with due consideration to such factors as the relative numbers of General Schedule employees represented by the various organizations, except that not more than 3 members of the Committee at any one time shall be from a single employee organization, council, federation, alliance, association, or affiliation of employee organizations.

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

"(g)

"(1) the types of pay raises to be covered;

"(2) guidelines for pay-for-performance systems, including the criteria to be used in determining eligibility for and the amount of increases in basic pay above the midpoint of the pay range;

"(3) the role organization performance should play in pay-for-performance systems;

"(4) any differences in pay-for-performance systems for different categories of employees;

"(5) the role for employee organizations in the implementation and operation of pay-for-performance systems; and

"(6) whether demonstration projects on pay-for-performance are desirable."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title III, §301], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1461, provided that: "For purposes of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [titles I through IX, of Pub. L. 93–344, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 297, see Tables for classification], any authority to make payments under this Act or any amendment made by this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] shall be effective only to the extent provided for in advance in appropriation Acts."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title III, §303], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1463, provided that: "Nothing in this Act or in any amendment made by this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above] shall have the effect of diminishing the rate of basic pay payable to any individual employed by the United States on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990] to a rate below the rate payable to such individual on such date, so long as that individual continues in such position without a break in service."

Ex. Ord. No. 12748, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12883, Nov. 29, 1993, 58 F.R. 63281; Ex. Ord. No. 13106, §8, Dec. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 68152; Ex. Ord. No. 13415, §2(a), Dec. 1, 2006, 71 F.R. 70641, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 (hereinafter "FEPCA"), as incorporated in section 529 of Public Law 101–509 [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note above], and sections 3301 and 3302 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Annual Adjustments to Pay Schedules*. The following agencies are designated under section 5303(g) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by FEPCA, to prescribe conversion rules for the initial adjustment of rates of pay to be applied during each annual adjustment of pay schedules under section 5303 of title 5, United Stated Code:

(a) the Office of Personnel Management, for the General Schedule;

(b) the Department of State, for the Foreign Service Schedule; and

(c) the Department of Veterans Affairs, for the Veterans Health Services and Research Administration Schedules.

*Locality-based Comparability Payments*. (a) The Secretary of Labor, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management are hereby designated under section 5304(d)(1) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by FEPCA, to serve jointly as the President's agent under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, and shall be known in this capacity as the President's Pay Agent.

(b) The head of each executive agency employing personnel under a statutory pay system, as defined in section 5302(1) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by FEPCA, shall provide such information and assistance as may be requested by the President's Pay Agent in carrying out the provisions of section 5304 of title 5, United States Code.

(c) The President's Pay Agent, as designated in subsection (a), is hereby authorized and designated to exercise the authorities of the President under section 5304(g)–(h) [5 U.S.C. 5304(g), (h)] concerning the extension of locality-based comparability payments to certain categories of positions not otherwise covered.

*Previous Order Revoked*. Executive Order No. 11721, as amended, is revoked.

*Advance Payments for New Appointees*. Section 2(b) of Executive Order No. 10982, as amended [5 U.S.C. 5527 note], is further amended to read as follows:

"(b) The Office of Personnel Management is hereby designated and empowered to perform the functions conferred upon the President by the provisions of section 5527 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to allotments and assignments authorized by section 5525 of title 5, United States Code, and advance payments to new appointees authorized by section 5524a of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 107(a) of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990, as incorporated in section 529 of Public Law 101–509."

*Staffing Differentials*. The Office of Personnel Management is hereby designated and empowered to exercise the authority of the President under section 209 of FEPCA [5 U.S.C. 5305 note] to establish staffing differentials.

*Executive Assignment System*. (a) Civil Service Rule 9 (5 CFR Part 9), as established by Executive Order No. 11315, as amended, is revoked.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall take such actions as the Office may determine to be necessary to provide for the orderly termination of the Executive Assignment System.

*Effective Dates*. (a) Except as otherwise provided by Public Law 101–509, the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 101 of FEPCA [this subchapter], and the provisions of sections 1 through 4 of this order shall take effect on February 3, 1991.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by Public Law 101–509, the remaining provisions of FEPCA and of this order shall take effect on May 4, 1991, except that the Office of Personnel Management may establish an earlier effective date, but not earlier than February 3, 1991, for any such provisions with respect to which the Office determines an earlier effective date is appropriate. [For effective dates of certain provisions of FEPCA as established by the Office of Personnel Management, see notices and rules issued by the Office of Personnel Management and published in the Federal Register at 56 F.R. 6212, 11059, 12833, 20339, and 20343.]

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) the term "statutory pay system" means a pay system under—

(A) subchapter III, relating to the General Schedule;

(B) section 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, relating to the Foreign Service of the United States; or

(C) chapter 74 of title 38, relating to the Veterans Health Administration (other than a position subject to section 7451 of title 38);

(2) the term "ECI" means the Employment Cost Index (wages and salaries, private industry workers) published quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

(3) the "base quarter" for any year is the 3-month period ending on September 30 of such year;

(4) the term "pay agent" means the agent designated by the President under section 5304(d)(1);

(5) the term "locality" or "pay locality" means any locality, as established or modified under section 5304;

(6) the term "pay disparity", as used with respect to a locality, means the extent to which rates of pay payable under the General Schedule are generally lower than the rates paid for the same levels of work by non-Federal workers in the same locality; except as otherwise required in this subchapter, a pay disparity shall be expressed as a single percentage which, if uniformly applied to employees within the locality who are receiving rates of pay under the General Schedule, would cause the rates payable to such employees to become substantially equal (when considered in the aggregate) to the rates paid to non-Federal workers for the same levels of work in the same locality;

(7) the term "comparability payment" means a payment payable under section 5304;

(8) the term "rates of pay under the General Schedule", "rates of pay for the General Schedule", or "scheduled rates of basic pay" means the rates of basic pay under the General Schedule as established by section 5332, excluding pay under section 5304 and any other additional pay of any kind; and

(9) the term "General Schedule position" means any position to which subchapter III applies.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1429; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(25), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(E), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2313.)

Section 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (1)(B), is classified to section 3963 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

A prior section 5302, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 458, provided for annual reports on pay comparability, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–656, §2(b)(1), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1946.

**2004**—Par. (8). Pub. L. 108–411 added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "the term 'rates of pay under the General Schedule', 'rates of pay for the General Schedule', or 'scheduled rates of basic pay' means—

"(A) the rates of basic pay set forth in the General Schedule; and

"(B) in the case of an employee receiving a retained rate of basic pay under section 5363, the rate of basic pay payable under such section; and".

**1993**—Par. (8). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(E)(i), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "in the case of an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system, the rates of basic pay under chapter 54; and".

Par. (9). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(E)(ii), substituted "applies" for "applies (including any position under the performance management and recognition system)".

**1992**—Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(25)(A), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "chapter 73 of title 38, relating to the Veterans Health Services and Research Administration;".

Par. (8)(C). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(25)(B), added subpar. (C).

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provisions relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Feb. 3, 1991, see section 9(b)(5) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) Effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1 of each calendar year, the rates of basic pay for each statutory pay system shall be increased by the percentage (rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent) equal to one-half of 1 percentage point less than the percentage by which the ECI for the base quarter of the year before the preceding calendar year exceeds the ECI for the base quarter of the second year before the preceding calendar year (if at all).

(b)(1) If, because of national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare, the President should consider the pay adjustment which would otherwise be required by subsection (a) in any year to be inappropriate, the President shall—

(A) prepare and transmit to Congress before September 1 of the preceding calendar year a plan for such alternative pay adjustments as he considers appropriate, together with the reasons therefor; and

(B) adjust the rates of pay of each statutory pay system, in accordance with such plan, effective on the same day as the increase under subsection (a) would otherwise take effect.

(2) In evaluating an economic condition affecting the general welfare under this subsection, the President shall consider pertinent economic measures including, but not limited to, the Indexes of Leading Economic Indicators, the Gross National Product, the unemployment rate, the budget deficit, the Consumer Price Index, the Producer Price Index, the Employment Cost Index, and the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption Expenditures.

(3) The President shall include in the report to Congress under paragraph (1)(A) his assessment of the impact that the alternative pay adjustments under this subsection will have on the Government's ability to recruit and retain well-qualified employees.

(c) The rates of basic pay that take effect under this section—

(1) shall modify, supersede, or render inapplicable, as the case may be, to the extent inconsistent therewith, any prior rates of basic pay under the statutory pay system involved (as last adjusted under this section or prior provisions of law); and

(2) shall be printed in the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations.

(d) An increase in rates of basic pay that takes effect under this section is not an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of section 5335.

(e) This section does not impair any authority pursuant to which rates of basic pay may be fixed by administrative action.

(f) Pay may not be paid, by reason of any provision of this section (disregarding any comparability payment payable), at a rate in excess of the rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

(g) Any rate of pay under this section shall be initially adjusted, effective on the effective date of the rate of pay, under conversion rules prescribed by the President or by such agency or agencies as the President may designate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §207, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 631; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(10), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(16), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(c)(2), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1430.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1173. | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §504, 76 Stat. 842. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §123, 78 Stat. 412. |


In subsection (a), the words "the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service" are substituted for "the civil service laws and regulations".

In subsections (a), (b), and (d), the word "agency" is substituted for "agency or agencies" because the singular imports the plural, see 1 U.S.C. 1.

In subsection (d), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee", "agency" is substituted for "department", and "rules" is omitted as included in "regulations".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (f), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to annual adjustments to pay schedules for provisions relating to President's authority to set higher minimum rates of basic pay.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "section 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "sections 867 and 870 of title 22".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1975**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out "and section 3552 of title 39" after "of section 5335(a) of this title".

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed cl. (2) making positions paid under provisions of part III of title 39 relating to employees in the postal field service subject to higher minimum rates established by the President.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–206, §207(a), substituted "maximum pay rate" for "seventh pay rate".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–206, §207(b), inserted provisions that permitted an initial adjustment to be made to statutory increases which become effective prior to, on, or after the date of enactment of the statute.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3110 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–377, title V, §506, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1343, provided that: "Such sums as may be necessary for Federal employee pay raises for programs funded by this Act or subsequent Energy and Water Development Appropriations Acts hereafter shall be absorbed within the levels appropriated in such Acts."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(e)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1443, provided that: "It is the sense of the Congress that the total funds dedicated to adjustments under sections 5303 and 5304 [of this title] for any year be no less than the total funds that would have been dedicated to adjustments under such section 5303 for such year had the full change in the ECI been applied to pay rates for such year."

CY 2023—Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, §747, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4716, provided that:

"(a) Notwithstanding any official rate adjusted under section 104 of title 3, United States Code, the rate payable to the Vice President during calendar year 2023 shall be the rate payable to the Vice President on December 31, 2022, by operation of section 747 of division E of Public Law 117–103 [see table below].

"(b) Notwithstanding any official rate adjusted under section 5318 of title 5, United States Code, or any other provision of law, the payable rate during calendar year 2023 for an employee serving in an Executive Schedule position, or in a position for which the rate of pay is fixed by statute at an Executive Schedule rate, shall be the rate payable for the applicable Executive Schedule level on December 31, 2022, by operation of section 747 of division E of Public Law 117–103. Such an employee may not receive a rate increase during calendar year 2023, except as provided in subsection (i).

"(c) Notwithstanding section 401 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465) [22 U.S.C. 3961] or any other provision of law, a chief of mission or ambassador at large is subject to subsection (b) in the same manner as other employees who are paid at an Executive Schedule rate.

"(d)(1) This subsection applies to—

"(A) a noncareer appointee in the Senior Executive Service paid a rate of basic pay at or above the official rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule; or

"(B) a limited term appointee or limited emergency appointee in the Senior Executive Service serving under a political appointment and paid a rate of basic pay at or above the official rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

"(2) Notwithstanding sections 5382 and 5383 of title 5, United States Code, an employee described in paragraph (1) may not receive a pay rate increase during calendar year 2023, except as provided in subsection (i).

"(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any employee paid a rate of basic pay (including any locality based payments under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, or similar authority) at or above the official rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule who serves under a political appointment may not receive a pay rate increase during calendar year 2023, except as provided in subsection (i). This subsection does not apply to employees in the General Schedule pay system or the Foreign Service pay system, to employees appointed under section 3161 of title 5, United States Code, or to employees in another pay system whose position would be classified at GS–15 or below if chapter 51 of title 5, United States Code, applied to them.

"(f) Nothing in subsections (b) through (e) shall prevent employees who do not serve under a political appointment from receiving pay increases as otherwise provided under applicable law.

"(g) This section does not apply to an individual who makes an election to retain Senior Executive Service basic pay under section 3392(c) of title 5, United States Code, for such time as that election is in effect.

"(h) This section does not apply to an individual who makes an election to retain Senior Foreign Service pay entitlements under section 302(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465) [22 U.S.C. 3942(b)] for such time as that election is in effect.

"(i) Notwithstanding subsections (b) through (e), an employee in a covered position may receive a pay rate increase upon an authorized movement to a different covered position only if that new position has higher-level duties and a pre-established level or range of pay higher than the level or range for the position held immediately before the movement. Any such increase must be based on the rates of pay and applicable limitations on payable rates of pay in effect on December 31, 2022, by operation of section 747 of division E of Public Law 117–103.

"(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for an individual who is newly appointed to a covered position during the period of time subject to this section, the initial pay rate shall be based on the rates of pay and applicable limitations on payable rates of pay in effect on December 31, 2022, by operation of section 747 of division E of Public Law 117–103 [see table below].

"(k) If an employee affected by this section is subject to a biweekly pay period that begins in calendar year 2023 but ends in calendar year 2024, the bar on the employee's receipt of pay rate increases shall apply through the end of that pay period.

"(l) For the purpose of this section, the term 'covered position' means a position occupied by an employee whose pay is restricted under this section.

"(m) This section takes effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2023."

Additional adjustments were made in the following prior acts:

CY 2022—Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §747, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 305.

CY 2021—Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, §748, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1442.

CY 2020—Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, §749, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2497.

CY 2019—Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §749, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 199.

CY 2018—Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, §738, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 597, provided that:

"(a) The Vice President may not receive a pay raise in calendar year 2018, notwithstanding the rate adjustment made under section 104 of title 3, United States Code, or any other provision of law.

"(b) An employee serving in an Executive Schedule position, or in a position for which the rate of pay is fixed by statute at an Executive Schedule rate, may not receive a pay rate increase in calendar year 2018, notwithstanding schedule adjustments made under section 5318 of title 5, United States Code, or any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (g), (h), or (i). This subsection applies only to employees who are holding a position under a political appointment.

"(c) A chief of mission or ambassador at large may not receive a pay rate increase in calendar year 2018, notwithstanding section 401 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465) [22 U.S.C. 3961] or any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (g), (h), or (i).

"(d) Notwithstanding sections 5382 and 5383 of title 5, United States Code, a pay rate increase may not be received in calendar year 2018 (except as provided in subsection (g), (h), or (i)) by—

"(1) a noncareer appointee in the Senior Executive Service paid a rate of basic pay at or above level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315]; or

"(2) a limited term appointee or limited emergency appointee in the Senior Executive Service serving under a political appointment and paid a rate of basic pay at or above level IV of the Executive Schedule.

"(e) Any employee paid a rate of basic pay (including any locality-based payments under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, or similar authority) at or above level IV of the Executive Schedule who serves under a political appointment may not receive a pay rate increase in calendar year 2018, notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (g), (h), or (i). This subsection does not apply to employees in the General Schedule pay system [see 5 U.S.C. 5315 et seq.] or the Foreign Service pay system [see 22 U.S.C. 3961 et seq.], or to employees appointed under section 3161 of title 5, United States Code, or to employees in another pay system whose position would be classified at GS–15 or below if chapter 51 of title 5, United States Code, applied to them.

"(f) Nothing in subsections (b) through (e) shall prevent employees who do not serve under a political appointment from receiving pay increases as otherwise provided under applicable law.

"(g) A career appointee in the Senior Executive Service who receives a Presidential appointment and who makes an election to retain Senior Executive Service basic pay entitlements under section 3392 of title 5, United States Code, is not subject to this section.

"(h) A member of the Senior Foreign Service who receives a Presidential appointment to any position in the executive branch and who makes an election to retain Senior Foreign Service pay entitlements under section 302(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465) [22 U.S.C. 3942(b)] is not subject to this section.

"(i) Notwithstanding subsections (b) through (e), an employee in a covered position may receive a pay rate increase upon an authorized movement to a different covered position with higher-level duties and a pre-established higher level or range of pay, except that any such increase must be based on the rates of pay and applicable pay limitations in effect on December 31, 2013.

"(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for an individual who is newly appointed to a covered position during the period of time subject to this section, the initial pay rate shall be based on the rates of pay and applicable pay limitations in effect on December 31, 2013.

"(k) If an employee affected by subsections (b) through (e) is subject to a biweekly pay period that begins in calendar year 2018 but ends in calendar year 2019, the bar on the employee's receipt of pay rate increases shall apply through the end of that pay period."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

CY 2017—Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, §738, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 386.

CY 2016—Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, §738, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2482.

CY 2015—Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, §738, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2388.

CY 2014—Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, §741, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 241.

CYs 2011–2013—Pub. L. 111–242, §147, as added by Pub. L. 111–322, title I, §1(a)(2), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3518, as amended by Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title I, §1112(a), Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 414, provided that:

"(a) For the purposes of this section—

"(1) the term 'employee'—

"(A) means an employee as defined in section 2105 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) includes an individual to whom subsection (b), (c), or (f) of such section 2105 pertains (whether or not such individual satisfies subparagraph (A));

"(2) the term 'senior executive' means—

"(A) a member of the Senior Executive Service under subchapter VIII of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code;

"(B) a member of the FBI–DEA Senior Executive Service under subchapter III of chapter 31 of title 5, United States Code;

"(C) a member of the Senior Foreign Service under chapter 4 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3961 and following); and

"(D) a member of any similar senior executive service in an Executive agency;

"(3) the term 'senior-level employee' means an employee who holds a position in an Executive agency and who is covered by section 5376 of title 5, United States Code, or any similar authority; and

"(4) the term 'Executive agency' has the meaning given such term by section 105 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (e), no statutory pay adjustment which (but for this subsection) would otherwise take effect during the period beginning on January 1, 2011, and ending on December 31, 2013, shall be made.

"(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'statutory pay adjustment' means—

"(A) an adjustment required under section 5303, 5304, 5304a, 5318, or 5343(a) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) any similar adjustment, required by statute, with respect to employees in an Executive agency.

"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in subsection (e), during the period beginning on January 1, 2011, and ending on December 31, 2013, no senior executive or senior-level employee may receive an increase in his or her rate of basic pay absent a change of position that results in a substantial increase in responsibility, or a promotion.

"(d) The President may issue guidance that Executive agencies shall apply in the implementation of this section.

"(e) The Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009 [Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, subtitle B] (5 U.S.C. 5304 note) shall be applied using the appropriate locality-based comparability payments established by the President as the applicable comparability payments in section 1914(2) and (3) of such Act."

[Pub. L. 112–175, §114, Sept. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1316, which applied Mar. 27, 2013, as end date for moratorium on statutory pay adjustments and senior executive or senior-level executive pay increases under section 147 of Pub. L. 111–242 (set out above), was repealed by Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title I, §1112(b), Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 415.]

FY 2020—Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, §748, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2496, provided that:

"(a) The adjustment in rates of basic pay for employees under the statutory pay systems that takes effect in fiscal year 2020 under section 5303 of title 5, United States Code, shall be an increase of 2.6 percent, and the overall average percentage of the adjustments taking effect in such fiscal year under sections 5304 and 5304a of such title 5 shall be an increase of 0.5 percent (with comparability payments to be determined and allocated among pay localities by the President). All adjustments under this subsection shall be effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2020.

"(b) Notwithstanding section 737 [Pub. L. 116–93, 5 U.S.C. 5343 note], the adjustment in rates of basic pay for the statutory pay systems that take place in fiscal year 2020 under sections 5344 and 5348 of title 5, United States Code, shall be no less than the percentages in subsection (a) as employees in the same location whose rates of basic pay are adjusted pursuant to the statutory pay systems under section 5303, 5304, and 5304a of title 5, United States Code. Prevailing rate employees at locations where there are no employees whose pay is increased pursuant to sections 5303, 5304, and 5304a of such title 5 and prevailing rate employees described in section 5343(a)(5) of such title 5 shall be considered to be located in the pay locality designated as 'Rest of U.S.' pursuant to section 5304 of such title 5 for purposes of this subsection.

"(c) Funds used to carry out this section shall be paid from appropriations, which are made to each applicable department or agency for salaries and expenses for fiscal year 2020."

Additional adjustments were made in the following prior acts:

FY 2019—Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §748, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 199, increased rates by 1.4 percent under this section and by 0.5 percent under sections 5304 and 5304a of this title.

FY 2010—Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §744, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3219, increased rates by 1.5 percent under this section and by 0.5 percent under sections 5304 and 5304a of this title.

FY 2009—Pub. L. 110–329, div. A, §142, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3580, as amended by Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §738(a), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 691, increased rates by 3.9 percent.

FY 2008—Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §740, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2031, increased rates by 3.5 percent.

FY 2006—Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §843, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2506, increased rates by 3.1 percent.

FY 2005—Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, §640, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3282, increased rates by 3.5 percent.

FY 2004—Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §640, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 359, increased rates by 4.1 percent.

FY 2003—Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §637, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 472, increased rates by 4.1 percent.

FY 2002—Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §646, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 556, increased rates by 4.6 percent.

FY 2001—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §140], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–235, increased rates by 3.7 percent.

FY 2000—Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §646, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 478, increased rates by 4.8 percent.

FY 1999—Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §647], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–527, increased rates by 3.6 percent.

FY 1997—Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §637], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–364, made no adjustment.

FY 1996—Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §633, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 507, made no adjustment.

FY 1995—Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §630(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2424, increased rates by 2 percent.

FY 1994—Pub. L. 103–123, title V, §517B, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1253, made no adjustment.

FY 1991—Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §618, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1475, increased rates by 4.1 percent.

FYs 1992–1994—Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §633, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 633, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) For purposes of the adjustment taking effect in each of fiscal years 1992 and 1993, respectively, deem subsection (a) to be amended by striking 'one-half of 1 percentage point less than'.

"(2) Deem subsection (b) to be amended as follows:

"(A) In paragraph (1), strike 'if' and all that follows thereafter through 'welfare,' and insert 'Subject to paragraph (2), if'.

"(B) Redesignate paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively.

"(C) Insert after paragraph (1) the following:

" '(2) Authority to provide alternative pay adjustments under this subsection in any year may not be exercised except in accordance with the following:

" '(A) If the adjustment which (but for this subsection) would otherwise take effect under this section in a fiscal year would be 5 percent or less, no reduction may be made unless necessary because a state of war or severe economic conditions exist.

" '(B) If the adjustment which (but for this subsection) would otherwise take effect under this section in a fiscal year would be greater than 5 percent, no reduction may be made—

" '(i) to a level of 5 percent or greater, unless necessary because of national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare; or

" '(ii) to a level of less than 5 percent, unless necessary because of either of the reasons set forth in subparagraph (A).'

"(D) Add after paragraph (4) (as so redesignated by subparagraph (B) the following:

" '(5) For the purpose of this subsection, "severe economic conditions" shall be considered to exist relative to an adjustment scheduled to take effect on a given date if, during the 12-month period ending 2 calendar quarters before such date, there occurred 2 consecutive quarters of negative growth in the GNP.'

"(b)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, §702, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1767, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) Section 620(b) of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1989 (2 U.S.C. 5305 note) [Pub. L. 100–440, set out below].

"(B) Section 619(b) of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101–136) [set out below].

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

FYs 1988–1990—Pub. L. 101–194, title XI, §1101(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1781, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) the percentage increase that would have taken effect in fiscal year 1988 if the provisions of section 601(a)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(2)) [now 2 U.S.C. 4501(2)] were applied to the rate of pay of each such office and position in effect on January 1, 1988 without regard to section 108 of the resolution entitled 'Joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1988, and for other purposes', approved December 22, 1987 [Pub. L. 100–202]; (101 Stat. 1329–434; 5 U.S.C. 5305 note [set out below]);

"(B) the percentage increase that would have taken effect in fiscal year 1989 if the provisions of section 601(a)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(2)) [now 2 U.S.C. 4501(2)] were applied to the rate of pay of each such office and position in effect on January 1, 1989 (as adjusted under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph) without regard to subsection (b) of section 620 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100–440; 102 Stat. 1756; 5 U.S.C. 5305 note [set out below]); and

"(C) the percentage increase that would take effect in fiscal year 1990 by the application of section 601(a)(2) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 31(2)) [now 2 U.S.C. 4501(2)] (as adjusted under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph) without regard to subsection (b) of section 619 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public Law 101–136) [set out below].

"(2) The increase in the rates of pay for each office and position described under paragraph (1) shall be effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1990."

FY 1990—Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §619, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 820, provided that:

"(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of fiscal year 1990, the overall average percentage of the adjustment under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, and in the rates of pay under the other statutory pay systems (as defined by section 5301(c) of such title), shall be an increase of 3.6 percent.

"(2) Each increase in a pay rate or schedule which takes effect pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be of the same percentage, and shall take effect as of the first day of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after January 1, 1990.

"(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or any other law, no adjustment in rates of pay under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, which becomes effective on or after October 1, 1989, and before October 1, 1990, shall have the effect of increasing the rate of salary or basic pay for any office or position in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch or in the government of the District of Columbia—

"(A) if the rate of salary or basic pay payable for that office or position as of September 30, 1989, was equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay described in paragraph (3); or

"(B) to a rate exceeding the rate of basic pay described in paragraph (3) if, as of September 30, 1989, the rate of salary or basic pay payable for that office or position was less than the rate described in such paragraph.

"(2) For purposes of paragraph (1), the rate of salary or basic pay payable as of September 30, 1989, for any office or position which was not in existence on such date shall be deemed to be the rate of salary or basic pay payable to individuals in comparable offices or positions on such date, as determined under regulations prescribed—

"(A) by the President, in the case of any office or position within the executive branch or in the government of the District of Columbia;

"(B) jointly by the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate, in the case of any office or position within the legislative branch; or

"(C) by the Chief Justice of the United States, in the case of any office or position within the judicial branch.

"(3) The rate of basic pay described in this paragraph is the rate equal to the rate of basic pay payable for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of title 5, United States Code, as of September 30, 1989, increased by 3.6 percent."

Additional adjustments under section 5305 of this title were made in the following prior acts:

FY 1989—Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §620, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1756, increased rates by 4.1 percent, subject to limitation based on existing pay.

FY 1988—Pub. L. 100–202, §§108, 110(a), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–434, 1329–436, increased rates by 2 percent, subject to limitation based on existing pay.

FY 1987—Pub. L. 99–500, §144(a), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–350, and Pub. L. 99–591, §144(a), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–353, increased rates by 3 percent.

FYs 1986–1988—Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15201(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 332, provided that:

"(1) The rates of pay under the General Schedule and the rates of pay under the other statutory pay systems referred to in section 5301(c) of title 5, United States Code, shall not be adjusted under section 5305 of such title during fiscal year 1986.

"(2)(A)(i) For fiscal years 1987 and 1988, the President shall provide for the adjustment of rates of pay under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, as appropriate to reduce outlays, relating to pay of officers and employees of the Federal Government, by at least $746,000,000 in fiscal year 1987 and $1,264,000,000 in fiscal year 1988 (without regard to reductions in outlays which result by reason of subparagraph (B)(ii) of this paragraph, paragraph (1) of this subsection, subsection (b) of this section, and the application of section 1009 of title 37, United States Code), computed using the baseline used for the First Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 1986 (S. Con. Res. 32, 99th Congress), agreed to on August 1, 1985.

"(ii) Clause (i) of this subparagraph shall not be construed to suspend the requirements of section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to fiscal years 1987 and 1988.

"(B) Each adjustment in a pay rate or schedule which takes effect pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph—

"(i) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be of the same percentage; and

"(ii) shall be effective with respect to pay periods beginning on or after January 1 of the fiscal year involved."

FY 1984—Pub. L. 98–270, title II, §202(a), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 158, increased rates by 4 percent.

FY 1983—Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §310(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 799, provided that:

"(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if—

"(A) before September 1, 1982, the President transmits to the Congress pursuant to section 5305(c)(1) of title 5, United States Code, an alternative plan which provides for an overall percentage pay adjustment which is less than 4 percent, and

"(B) the alternative plan referred to in subparagraph (A) is disapproved pursuant to such section 5305,

the rates of pay under the General Schedule and the rates of pay under the other statutory pay systems shall be increased under the provisions of such section 5305 by 4 percent in the case of fiscal year 1983.

"(2) Each increase in a pay rate or schedule which takes effect pursuant to paragraph (1) shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be of the same percentage, and shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after October 1 of such fiscal year."

FY 1982—Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1701(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 753, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the overall percentage of the adjustment of the rates of pay under the General Schedule or any other statutory pay system under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, which is to become effective with the first applicable pay period commencing on or after October 1, 1981, shall not exceed 4.8 percent."

FY 1979—Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §614, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1018, provided that:

"(a) No part of any of the funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, by this Act or any other Act, may be used to pay the salary or pay of any individual in any office or position in an amount which exceeds the rate of salary or basic pay payable for such office or position on September 30, 1978, by more than 5.5 percent, as a result of any adjustments which take effect during such fiscal year under—

"(1) section 5305 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) any other provision of law if such adjustment is determined by reference to such section 5305; or

"(3) section 5343 of title 5, United States Code, if such adjustment is granted pursuant to a wage survey (but only with respect to prevailing rate employees described in section 5342(a)(2)(A) of that title).

"(b) For the purpose of administering any provision of law, rule, or regulation which provides premium pay, retirement, life insurance, or other employee benefit, which requires any deduction or contribution, or which imposes any requirement or limitation, on the basis of a rate of salary or basic pay, the rate of salary or basic pay payable after the application of this section shall be treated as the rate of salary or basic pay."

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–210, §3, Dec. 22, 1971, 85 Stat. 753, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of section 3(c) of the Federal Pay Comparability Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–656), or of section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 3(a) of Public Law 91–656, and the provisions of the alternative plan submitted by the President to the Congress pursuant thereto on August 31, 1971, such comparability adjustments in the rates of pay of each Federal statutory pay system as may be required under such sections 5305 and 3(c), based on the 1971 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey—

"(1) shall not be greater than the guidelines established for the wage and salary adjustments for the private sector that may be authorized under authority of any statute of the United States, including the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–379; 84 Stat. 799), as amended [formerly set out as a note under section 1904 of Title 12, Banks and Banking], and that may be in effect on December 31, 1971; and

"(2) shall be placed into effect on the first day of the first pay period that begins on or after January 1, 1972.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to provide any adjustments in rates of pay of any Federal statutory pay system which are greater than the adjustments based on the 1971 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey."

Pub. L. 91–656, §3(c), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1951, provided that: "The President may make the initial adjustment required by subchapter I of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act, without regard to the provisions of such subchapter relating to the Advisory Committee on Federal Pay and the Federal Employees Pay Council. Notwithstanding any provision of such subchapter I prescribing an effective date of October 1 for any pay adjustment made by the President, the initial adjustment based on the 1970 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey and the adjustment based on the 1971 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey shall become effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on or after January 1, 1971, and January 1, 1972, respectively. Notwithstanding the provisions of such subchapter I, the President's agent for purposes of the 1971 and 1972 adjustments shall be the Director, Office of Management and Budget and the Chairman, United States Civil Service Commission. Adjustments under the provisions of such subchapter I shall not apply to employees of the Post Office Department whose basic pay is fixed under the General Schedule."

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §212, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 634, provided that: "In order to complete the implementation of the policy of the Congress set forth in paragraph (2) of section 5301 of title 5, United States Code, the President, after seeking the views of such employee organizations as he considers appropriate and in such manner as he may provide, shall—

"(1) effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after July 1, 1968, adjust the rates of basic pay, basic compensation, and salary, as in effect by reason of the enactment of the provisions of this title [see Short Title note under section 5332 of this title] other than this section and sections 205, 210, 213, 214, 215, and 219—

"(A) by amounts equal, as nearly as may be practicable, to one-half of the amounts by which such rates are exceeded by rates of pay paid for the same levels of work in private enterprise as determined on the basis of the 1967 annual survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in accordance with the provisions of section 5302 of title 5, United States Code, or

"(B) by 3 per centum,

whichever is greater; and

"(2) effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after July 1, 1969, adjust the rates he has established under subparagraph (1) of this section, and the rates established by Postal Field Service Schedule II, and Rural Carrier Schedule II (contained in the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of section 205 [amending sections 3542 and 3543 of Title 39, Postal Service], by amounts equal, as nearly as may be practicable, to the amounts by which such rates are exceeded by rates of pay paid for the same levels of work in private enterprise as determined on the basis of the 1968 annual survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in accordance with the provisions of section 5302 of title 5, United States Code.

Adjustments made by the President under this section shall have the force and effect of statute. The rates of pay of personnel subject to sections 210, 213 (except subsections (d) and (e) ), and 214 of this title [see Short Title note under section 5332 of this title], and any minimum or maximum rate, limitation, or allowance applicable to any such personnel, shall be adjusted, by amounts which are equal, insofar as practicable and with such exceptions as may be necessary to provide for appropriate relationships between positions, to the amounts of the adjustments made by the President under subparagraphs (1) and (2) of this section, by the following authorities—

"(i) the President pro tempore of the Senate, with respect to the United States Senate;

"(ii) the Speaker of the House of Representatives with respect to the United States House of Representatives;

"(iii) the Architect of the Capitol, with respect to the Office of the Architect of the Capitol;

"(iv) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, with respect to the judicial branch of the Government; and

"(v) the Secretary of Agriculture, with respect to persons employed by the county committees established pursuant to section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b) ).

Such adjustments shall be made in such manner as the appropriate authority concerned deems advisable and shall have the force and effect of statute. Nothing in this section shall impair any authority pursuant to which rates of pay may be fixed by administrative action." [Section 212 of Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 3110 of this title.]

For designation of agencies to perform functions of President under subsec. (g) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12748, §1, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, eff. Feb. 3, 1991, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) Pay disparities shall be identified and reduced as follows:

(1) Comparability payments shall be payable within each locality determined to have a pay disparity greater than 5 percent.

(2)(A) The localities having pay disparities, and the size of those disparities, shall, for purposes of any comparability payment scheduled to take effect in any calendar year, be determined in accordance with the appropriate report, as prepared and submitted to the President under subsection (d)(1) for purposes of such calendar year.

(B) Any computation necessary to determine the size of the comparability payment to become payable for any locality in a year (as well as any determination as to the size of any pay disparity remaining after that comparability payment is made) shall likewise be made using data contained in the appropriate report (described in subparagraph (A)) so prepared and submitted for purposes of such calendar year.

(3) Subject to paragraph (4), the amount of the comparability payments payable under this subsection in a calendar year within any locality in which a comparability payment is payable shall be computed using such percentage as the President determines for such locality under subsection (d)(2), except that—

(A) the percentage for the first calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 1/5 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(B) the percentage for the second calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 3/10 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(C) the percentage for the third calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 2/5 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(D) the percentage for the fourth calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than ½ of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(E) the percentage for the fifth calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 3/5 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(F) the percentage for the sixth calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 7/10 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(G) the percentage for the seventh calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 4/5 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent;

(H) the percentage for the eighth calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section may not be less than 9/10 of the amount needed to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent; and

(I) the percentage for the ninth calendar year in which any amounts are payable under this section, and any year thereafter, may not be less than the full amount necessary to reduce the pay disparity of the locality involved to 5 percent.

(4) Nothing in this section shall be considered to preclude the President, in his discretion, from adjusting comparability payments to a level higher than the minimum level otherwise required in a calendar year, including to the level necessary to eliminate a locality's pay disparity completely.

(b) After the ninth calendar year (referred to in subsection (a)(3)(I)), the level of comparability payments payable within such locality may be reduced for any subsequent calendar year, but only if, or to the extent that, the reduction would not immediately create another pay disparity in excess of 5 percent within the locality (taking into consideration any comparability payments remaining payable).

(c)(1) The amount of the comparability payment payable within any particular locality during a calendar year—

(A) shall be stated as a single percentage, which shall be uniformly applicable to General Schedule positions within the locality; and

(B) shall, for any employee entitled to receive a comparability payment, be computed by applying that percentage to such employee's scheduled rate of basic pay (or, if lower due to a limitation on the rate payable, the rate actually payable), subject to subsection (g).

(2) A comparability payment—

(A) shall be considered to be part of basic pay for purposes of retirement under chapter 83 or 84, as applicable, life insurance under chapter 87, and premium pay under subchapter V of chapter 55, and for such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe; and

(B) shall be paid in the same manner and at the same time as the basic pay payable to such employee pursuant to any provision of law outside of this section.

(3) Nothing in this subchapter shall be considered to permit or require that any portion of a comparability payment be taken into account for purposes of any adjustment under section 5303.

(4)(A) Only employees receiving scheduled rates of basic pay (subject to any pay limitation which may apply) shall be eligible for comparability payments under this section.

(B) Comparability payments shall not be payable for service performed in any position which may not, under subsection (f)(1)(A), be included within a pay locality.

(d) In order to carry out this section, the President shall—

(1) direct such agent as he considers appropriate to prepare and submit to him annually, after considering such views and recommendations as may be submitted under subsection (e) (but not later than 13 months before the start of the calendar year for purposes of which it is prepared), a report that—

(A) compares the rates of pay under the General Schedule (disregarding any described in section 5302(8)(C)) 1 with the rates of pay generally paid to non-Federal workers for the same levels of work within each pay locality, as determined on the basis of appropriate surveys that shall be conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

(B) based on data from such surveys, identifies each locality in which a pay disparity exists and specifies the size of each such pay disparity (before and after taking into consideration any comparability payments payable);

(C) makes recommendations for appropriate comparability payments, in conformance with applicable requirements of this section; and

(D) includes the views and recommendations submitted under subsection (e);

(2) after considering the report of his agent (including the views and recommendations referred to in subsection (e)(2)(C), provide for or adjust comparability payments in conformance with applicable requirements of this section, effective as of the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after January 1 of the applicable year; and

(3) transmit to Congress a report of the actions taken under paragraph (2) (together with a copy of the report submitted to him by his agent, including the views and recommendations referred to in subsection (e)(2)(C)) which shall—

(A) identify each pay locality;

(B) specify which localities have pay disparities in excess of 5 percent, and the size of the disparity existing in each of those localities, according to the pay agent's most recent report under paragraph (1) (before and after taking into consideration any comparability payments payable); and

(C) indicate the size of the respective comparability payments (expressed as percentages) which will be in effect under paragraph (2) for the various pay localities specified under subparagraph (B) for the applicable calendar year.

(e)(1) The President shall establish a Federal Salary Council of 9 members, of whom—

(A) 3 shall be chosen from among persons generally recognized for their impartiality, knowledge, and experience in the field of labor relations and pay policy; and

(B) 6 shall be representatives of employee organizations which represent substantial numbers of employees holding General Schedule positions, and who shall be selected giving due consideration to such factors as the relative numbers of employees represented by the various organizations, except that not more than 3 members of the Council at any one time shall be from a single employee organization, council, federation, alliance, association, or affiliation of employee organizations.

Members of the Council shall not receive pay by reason of their service on the Council, nor shall members who are not otherwise employees of the United States be considered employees by reason of any such service. However, members under subparagraph (A) may be paid expenses in accordance with section 5703. The President shall designate one of the members to serve as Chairman of the Federal Salary Council. One of the 3 members under subparagraph (A) may be the Chairman of the Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee, notwithstanding the restriction under section 5347(a)(1), and such individual may also be designated to serve as Chairman of the Federal Salary Council.

(2) The pay agent shall—

(A) provide for meetings with the Council and give thorough consideration to the views and recommendations of the Council and the individual views and recommendations, if any, of the members of the Council regarding—

(i) the establishment or modification of pay localities;

(ii) the coverage of the surveys of pay localities conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics under subsection (d)(1)(A) (including, but not limited to, the occupations, establishment sizes, and industries to be surveyed, and how pay localities are to be surveyed);

(iii) the process of comparing the rates of pay payable under the General Schedule with rates of pay for the same levels of work performed by non-Federal workers; and

(iv) the level of comparability payments that should be paid in order to eliminate or reduce pay disparities in accordance with the requirements of this section;

(B) give thorough consideration to the views and recommendations of employee organizations not represented on the Council regarding the subjects in subparagraph (A)(i)–(iv); and

(C) include in its report to the President the views and recommendations submitted as provided in this subsection by the Council, by any member of the Council, and by employee organizations not represented on the Council.

(f)(1) The pay agent may provide for such pay localities as the pay agent considers appropriate, except that—

(A) each General Schedule position in the United States, as defined under section 5921(4), and its territories and possessions, including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, shall be included within a pay locality; and

(B) the boundaries of pay localities shall be determined based on appropriate factors which may include local labor market patterns, commuting patterns, and practices of other employers.

(2)(A) The establishment or modification of any such boundaries shall be effected by regulations which, notwithstanding subsection (a)(2) of section 553, shall be promulgated in accordance with the notice and comment requirements of such section.

(B) Judicial review of any regulation under this subsection shall be limited to whether or not it was promulgated in accordance with the requirements referred to in subparagraph (A).

(g)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), comparability payments may not be paid at a rate which, when added to the rate of basic pay otherwise payable to the employee involved, would cause the total to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

(2) The applicable maximum under this subsection shall be level III of the Executive Schedule for—

(A) positions under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (h)(1);

(B) positions under subsection (h)(1)(C) not covered by appraisal systems certified under subsection 5307(d); and

(C) any positions under subsection (h)(1)(D) as the President may determine.

(3) The applicable maximum under this subsection shall be level II of the Executive Schedule for positions under subsection (h)(1)(C) covered by appraisal systems certified under section 5307(d).

(h)(1) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "position" means—

(A) a position to which section 5372 applies (relating to administrative law judges appointed under section 3105);

(B) a position to which section 5372a applies (relating to contract appeals board members);

(C) a Senior Executive Service position under section 3132 or 3151 or a senior level position under section 5376 stationed within the United States, but outside the 48 contiguous States and the District of Columbia in which the incumbent was an individual who on the day before the effective date of section 1912 of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009 was eligible to receive a cost-of-living allowance under section 5941 and who thereafter has served continuously in an area in which such an allowance was payable; and

(D) a position within an Executive agency not covered under the General Schedule or any of the preceding subparagraphs, the rate of basic pay for which is (or, but for this section, would be) no more than the rate payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule;

but does not include—

(i) a position to which subchapter IV applies (relating to prevailing rate systems);

(ii) a position as to which a rate of pay is authorized under section 5377 (relating to critical positions);

(iii) a position to which subchapter II applies (relating to the Executive Schedule);

(iv) a Senior Executive Service position under section 3132, except for a position covered by subparagraph (C);

(v) a position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service under section 3151, except for a position covered by subparagraph (C);

(vi) a position in a system equivalent to the system in clause (iv), as determined by the President's Pay Agent designated under subsection (d); or

(vii) a position to which section 5376 applies (relating to certain senior-level and scientific and professional positions), except for a position covered by subparagraph (C).

(2)(A) Notwithstanding subsection (c)(4) or any other provision of this section, but subject to subparagraph (B) and paragraph (3), upon the request of the head of an Executive agency with respect to 1 or more categories of positions, the President may provide that each employee of such agency who holds a position within such category, and within the particular locality involved, shall be entitled to receive comparability payments.

(B) A request by an agency head or exercise of authority by the President under subparagraph (A) shall cover—

(i) with respect to the positions under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of paragraph (1), all positions described in the subparagraph or subparagraphs involved (excluding any under clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), or (vii) of such paragraph); and

(ii) with respect to positions under paragraph (1)(D), such positions as may be considered appropriate (excluding any under clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), or (vii) of paragraph (1)).

(C) Notwithstanding subsection (c)(4) or any other provision of law, but subject to paragraph (3), in the case of a category with positions that are in more than 1 Executive agency, the President may, on his own initiative, provide that each employee who holds a position within such category, and in the locality involved, shall be entitled to receive comparability payments. No later than 30 days before an employee receives comparability payments under this subparagraph, the President or the President's designee shall submit a detailed report to the Congress justifying the reasons for the extension, including consideration of recruitment and retention rates and the expense of extending locality pay.

(3) Comparability payments under this subsection—

(A) may be paid only in any calendar year in which comparability payments under the preceding provisions of this section are payable with respect to General Schedule positions within the same locality;

(B) shall take effect, within the locality involved, on the first day of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after such date as the President designates (except that no date may be designated which would require any retroactive payments), and shall remain in effect through the last day of the last applicable pay period commencing during that calendar year;

(C) shall be computed using the same percentage as is applicable, for the calendar year involved, with respect to General Schedule positions within the same locality; and

(D) shall be subject to the applicable limitation under subsection (g).

(i) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, consistent with the provisions of this section, governing the payment of comparability payments to employees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(11), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(c)(3), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1431; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1348; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1638; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §302(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2318; Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4043; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1912(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2619.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1174. | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §505, 76 Stat. 842. |


The words "agencies" and "regulations" are substituted for "departments" and "rules", respectively.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The General Schedule, referred to in text, is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section 5302(8)(C), referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), was redesignated 5302(8)(B) of this title by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(E)(i)(II), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981.

Levels II, III, and IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (h)(1)(D), are set out in sections 5313, 5314, and 5315, respectively, of this title.

For the effective date of section 1912 of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009 [Pub. L. 111–84], referred to in subsec. (h)(1)(C), see section 1919(b) of Pub. L. 111–84, set out in a note below.

**2009**—Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A), which read as follows: "each General Schedule position (excluding any outside the continental United States, as defined in section 5701(6)) shall be included with a pay locality; and".

Subsec. (g)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(2)(A), added subpars. (B) and (C) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "any positions under subsection (h)(1)(C) as the President may determine."

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(2)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (h)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(3)(A)–(C), added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Subsec. (h)(1)(iv), (v). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(3)(D), (E), inserted ", except for a position covered by subparagraph (C)" before the semicolon.

Subsec. (h)(1)(vii). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(3)(F), inserted ", except for a position covered by subparagraph (C)" before the period.

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(4)(A), substituted "through (C)" for "and (B)".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(a)(4)(B), substituted "(1)(D)" for "(1)(C)".

**2008**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a)(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows:

"(2) The applicable maximum under this subsection shall be level III of the Executive Schedule for—

"(A) positions under subparagraphs (A)–(C) of subsection (h)(1); and

"(B) any positions under subsection (h)(1)(D) which the President may determine."

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a)(2)(A)(ii), which directed amendment of subsec. (h)(1)(D) by striking "or" at end of cl. (v), substituting "; or" for period at end of cl. (vi), and adding at end a new cl. (vii), was executed by making the strike out and substitution in the cls. (v) and (vi) which follow subpar. (D) and by adding cl. (vii) after cl. (vi), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (h)(1)(A) to (D). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a)(2)(A)(i), (iii), redesignated subpars. (B) to (D) as (A) to (C), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "a position to which section 5376 applies (relating to certain senior-level positions);".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a)(2)(B)(i), substituted "subparagraphs (A) and (B)" for "subparagraphs (A) through (C)" and "(vi), or (vii)" for "or (vi)".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted "paragraph (1)(C)" for "paragraph (1)(D)" and "(vi), or (vii)" for "or (vi)".

**2004**—Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–411, §302(a)(1)(A), substituted "(A)–(C)" for "(A)–(D)".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–411, §302(a)(1)(B), substituted "or (vi)" for "or (vii)".

**2003**—Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted "subparagraphs (A)–(D)" for "subparagraphs (A)–(E)".

Subsec. (g)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(A)(ii), substituted "subsection (h)(1)(D)" for "subsection (h)(1)(F)".

Subsec. (h)(1)(B) to (F). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(B)(i), (ii), redesignated subpars. (D), (E), and (F) as (B), (C), and (D), respectively, and struck out former subpars. (B) and (C) which read as follows:

"(B) a Senior Executive Service position under section 3132;

"(C) a position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service under section 3151;".

Subsec. (h)(1)(iv) to (vi). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(B)(iii)–(v), added cls. (iv) to (vi).

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(C)(i), substituted "subparagraphs (A) through (C)" for "subparagraphs (A) through (E)" and "clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), or (vii)" for "clause (i) or (ii)".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(1)(C)(ii), substituted "paragraph (1)(D)" for "paragraph (1)(F)" and "clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), or (vi)" for "clause (i) or (ii)".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(A)(i), substituted "Subject to paragraph (4)," for "Subject to paragraphs (4) and (5)," and "a comparability payment" for "a comparative payment".

Subsec. (a)(3)(H). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(A)(ii), inserted "and" after semicolon at end.

Subsec. (a)(3)(I). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(A)(iii), substituted a period for semicolon at end.

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(B), inserted "(disregarding any described in section 5302(8)(C))" after "General Schedule" and struck out "annual" before "surveys".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(C)(i), inserted after second sentence "However, members under subparagraph (A) may be paid expenses in accordance with section 5703."

Subsec. (e)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(C)(ii), substituted "surveys of pay localities" for "annual survey" and "industries" for "industries,".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(D), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "For positions under subparagraphs (A)–(E) of subsection (h)(1), the applicable maximum under this subsection shall be level III of the Executive Schedule."

Subsec. (h)(1)(F). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(E)(i)(I), amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: "a position within an Executive agency not covered under any of the preceding subparagraphs, the rate of basic pay for which is (or, but for this section, would be) less than the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule;".

Subsec. (h)(1)(iii). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(E)(i)(II)–(IV), added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (h)(2)(C). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(E)(ii), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (h)(3)(B). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(26)(E)(iii), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "shall be payable, within the locality involved, for the entirety of each calendar year for which authority is granted by the President;".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to locality-based comparability payments for provisions making functions, duties, and regulations of agencies and Office of Personnel Management with respect to this subchapter subject to Presidential policies and regulations.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "chapter 14 of title 22" in provisions preceding par. (1).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–375 struck out provisions making functions, duties and regulations of the agencies and the Civil Service Commission with respect to the provisions of part III of title 39 relating to employees in the postal field service subject to Presidential policies and regulations.

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 111–84, see section 1919 of Pub. L. 111–84, set out in a Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–372 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the 180th day following Oct. 8, 2008, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as a note under section 5376 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §302(a)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2318, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108–136)."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1640, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section [enacting section 7302 of this title and amending this section, sections 5382 and 5383 of this title, and section 207 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the first January 1 following the date of the enactment of this section [Nov. 24, 2003].

"(2) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 5382 and 5383 of this title] may not result in a reduction in the rate of basic pay for any senior executive during the first year after the effective date of those amendments.

"(3) For the purposes of paragraph (2), the rate of basic pay for a senior executive shall be deemed to be the rate of basic pay set for the senior executive under section 5383 of title 5, United States Code, plus applicable locality pay paid to that senior executive, as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003].

"(4) Until otherwise provided by law, or except as otherwise provided by this section, any reference in a provision of law to a rate of basic pay that is above the minimum payable and below the maximum payable to a member of the Senior Executive Service shall be considered a reference to the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, with provision that first calendar year in which comparability payments under this section are paid shall be calendar year beginning Jan. 1, 1994, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. I, title XCVII, §9717, Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3922, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) occupies a position in the civil service; and

"(B) is working overseas under a Domestic Employee Teleworking Overseas agreement.

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A) the continental United States; or

"(B) a nonforeign area.

"(b)

"(1) the amount of a locality-based comparability payment that the covered employee would have been paid under section 5304 or 5304a of title 5, United States Code, had the official duty station of the covered employee not been changed to reflect an overseas location under the applicable Domestic Employee Teleworking Overseas agreement; or

"(2) the amount of a locality-based comparability payment that the covered employee would be paid under section 1113 of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111–32) [123 Stat. 1904], as limited under section 9802(c)(2) of this Act [136 Stat. 3924], if the covered employee were an eligible member of the Foreign Service (as defined in subsection (b) of such section 1113).

"(c)

"(1) shall begin to be paid not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022]; and

"(2) shall be treated in the same manner, and subject to the same terms and conditions, as a locality-based comparability payment paid under section 5304 or 5304a of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, subtitle B, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2619, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(d)(22), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4374, provided that:

"This subtitle may be cited as the 'Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009' or the 'Non-Foreign AREA Act of 2009'.

"(a)

"(b)

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) is similar to the authority exercised under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code;

"(B) is exercised by the head of an agency when the head of the agency determines it to be necessary in order to obtain or retain the services of persons specified by statute; and

"(C) authorizes the head of the agency to increase the minimum, intermediate, or maximum rates of basic pay authorized under applicable statutes and regulations.

"(c)

"Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle or section 5304 or 5304a of title 5, United States Code, in implementing the amendments made by this subtitle, for each non-foreign area determined under section 5941(b) of such title, the applicable rate for the locality-based comparability adjustment that is used in the computation required under section 5941(c) of such title shall be adjusted, effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after January 1—

"(1) in calendar year 2010, by using 1/3 of the locality pay percentage for the rest of United States locality pay area;

"(2) in calendar year 2011, by using 2/3 of the otherwise applicable comparability payment approved by the President for each non-foreign area; and

"(3) in calendar year 2012 and each subsequent year, by using the full amount of the applicable comparability payment approved by the President for each non-foreign area.

"(a)

"(1) the application of this subtitle to any employee should not result in a decrease in the take home pay of that employee;

"(2) in calendar year 2012 and each subsequent year, no employee shall receive less than the Rest of the U.S. locality pay rate;

"(3) concurrent with the surveys next conducted under the provisions of section 5304(d)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009], the Bureau of Labor Statistics should conduct separate surveys to determine the extent of any pay disparity (as defined by section 5302 of that title) that may exist with respect to positions located in the State of Alaska, the State of Hawaii, and the United States territories, including American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands;

"(4) if the surveys under paragraph (3) indicate that the pay disparity determined for the State of Alaska, the State of Hawaii, or any 1 of the United States territories including American Samoa, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands exceeds the pay disparity determined for the locality which (for purposes of section 5304 of that title) is commonly known as the 'Rest of the United States', the President's Pay Agent should take appropriate measures to provide that each such surveyed area be treated as a separate pay locality for purposes of that section; and

"(5) the President's Pay Agent will establish 1 locality area for the entire State of Hawaii and 1 locality area for the entire State of Alaska.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the employee leaves the allowance area or pay system; or

"(B) the employee is entitled to receive basic pay (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment or similar supplement) at a higher rate,

but, when any such position becomes vacant, the pay of any subsequent appointee thereto shall be fixed in the manner provided by applicable law and regulation.

"(3)

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) any employee who—

"(i) on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]—

"(I) was eligible to be paid a cost-of-living allowance under 5941 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(II) was not eligible to be paid locality-based comparability payments under 5304 or 5304a of that title; or

"(ii) on or after the date of enactment of this Act becomes eligible to be paid a cost-of-living allowance under 5941 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(B) any employee who—

"(i) on the day before the date of enactment of this Act—

"(I) was eligible to be paid an allowance under section 1603(b) of title 10, United States Code;

"(II) was eligible to be paid an allowance under section 1005(b) of title 39, United States Code;

"(III) was employed by the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Homeland Security and was eligible to be paid an allowance based on section 5941 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(IV) was eligible to be paid under any other authority a cost-of-living allowance that is equivalent to the cost-of-living allowance under section 5941 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(ii) on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]—

"(I) becomes eligible to be paid an allowance under section 1603(b) of title 10, United States Code;

"(II) becomes eligible to be paid an allowance under section 1005(b) of title 39, United States Code;

"(III) is employed by the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Homeland Security and becomes eligible to be paid an allowance based on section 5941 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(IV) becomes eligible to be paid under any other authority a cost-of-living allowance that is equivalent to the cost-of-living allowance under section 5941 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) may result in the allowance exceeding 25 percent of the rate of basic pay of that employee; and

"(ii) shall be the greater of—

"(I) the cost-of-living allowance rate in effect on December 31, 2009 for the applicable area; or

"(II) the applicable locality-based comparability pay percentage under section 1914.

"(B)

"(i) provide for an employee described under subparagraph (A) to be a covered employee as defined under subsection (a); or

"(ii) authorize an employee described under subparagraph (A) to file an election under section 1917 of this subtitle.

"(a)

"(1) to whom section 1914 applies;

"(2) who is separated from service by reason of retirement under chapter 83 or 84 of title 5, United States Code, during the period of January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2012; and

"(3) who files an election with the Office of Personnel Management under subsection (b).

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(d)

"(1)

"(A) an amount equal to the difference between—

"(i) employee contributions that would have been deducted and withheld from pay under section 8334 or 8422 of title 5, United States Code, during the period described under subsection (c) of this section if the cost-of-living allowances described under that subsection had been treated as basic pay under section 8331(3) or 8401(4) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(ii) employee contributions that were actually deducted and withheld from pay under section 8334 or 8422 of title 5, United States Code, during that period; and

"(B) interest as prescribed under section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, based on the amount determined under subparagraph (A).

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(3)

"(a)

"(1) rules for special rate employees described under section 1913;

"(2) rules for adjusting rates of basic pay for employees in pay systems administered by the Office of Personnel Management when such employees are not entitled to locality-based comparability payments under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, without regard to otherwise applicable statutory pay limitations during the transition period described in section 1914 ending on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2012; and

"(3) rules governing establishment and adjustment of saved or retained rates for any employee whose rate of pay exceeds applicable pay limitations on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2012.

"(b)

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §637], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–165, provided that:

"(a) For purposes of this section—

"(1) the term 'comparability payment' refers to a locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'President's pay agent' refers to the pay agent described in section 5302(4) of such title; and

"(3) the term 'pay locality' has the meaning given such term by section 5302(5) of such title.

"(b) Notwithstanding any provision of section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, for purposes of determining appropriate pay localities and making comparability payment recommendations, the President's pay agent may, in accordance with succeeding provisions of this section, make comparisons of General Schedule pay and non-Federal pay within any of the metropolitan statistical areas described in subsection (d)(3), using—

"(1) data from surveys of the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

"(2) salary data sets obtained under subsection (c); or

"(3) any combination thereof.

"(c) To the extent necessary in order to carry out this section, the President's pay agent may obtain any salary data sets (referred to in subsection (b)) from any organization or entity that regularly compiles similar data for businesses in the private sector.

"(d)(1)(A) This paragraph applies with respect to the five metropolitan statistical areas described in paragraph (3) which—

"(i) have the highest levels of nonfarm employment (as determined based on data made available by the Bureau of Labor Statistics); and

"(ii) as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000], have not previously been surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (as discrete pay localities) for purposes of section 5304 of title 5, United States Code.

"(B) The President's pay agent, based on such comparisons under subsection (b) as the pay agent considers appropriate, shall: (i) determine whether any of the five areas under subparagraph (A) warrants designation as a discrete pay locality; and (ii) if so, make recommendations as to what level of comparability payments would be appropriate during 2002 for each area so determined.

"(C)(i) Any recommendations under subparagraph (B)(ii) shall be included—

"(I) in the pay agent's report under section 5304(d)(1) of title 5, United States Code, submitted for purposes of comparability payments scheduled to become payable in 2002; or

"(II) if compliance with subclause (I) is impracticable, in a supplementary report which the pay agent shall submit to the President and the Congress no later than March 1, 2001.

"(ii) In the event that the recommendations are completed in time to be included in the report described in clause (i)(I), a copy of those recommendations shall be transmitted by the pay agent to the Congress contemporaneous with their submission to the President.

"(D) Each of the five areas under subparagraph (A) that so warrants, as determined by the President's pay agent, shall be designated as a discrete pay locality under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, in time for it to be treated as such for purposes of comparability payments becoming payable in 2002.

"(2) The President's pay agent may, at any time after the 180th day following the submission of the report under subsection (f), make any initial or further determinations or recommendations under this section, based on any pay comparisons under subsection (b), with respect to any area described in paragraph (3).

"(3) An area described in this paragraph is any metropolitan statistical area within the continental United States that (as determined based on data made available by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Office of Personnel Management, respectively) has a high level of nonfarm employment and at least 2,500 General Schedule employees whose post of duty is within such area.

"(e)(1) The authority under this section to make pay comparisons and to make any determinations or recommendations based on such comparisons shall be available to the President's pay agent only for purposes of comparability payments becoming payable on or after January 1, 2002, and before January 1, 2007, and only with respect to areas described in subsection (d)(3).

"(2) Any comparisons and recommendations so made shall, if included in the pay agent's report under section 5304(d)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for any year (or the pay agent's supplementary report, in accordance with subsection (d)(1)(C)(i)(II)), be considered and acted on as the pay agent's comparisons and recommendations under such section 5304(d)(1) for the area and the year involved.

"(f)(1) No later than March 1, 2001, the President's pay agent shall submit to the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate, and the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and of the Senate, a report on the use of pay comparison data, as described in subsection (b)(2) or (3) (as appropriate), for purposes of comparability payments.

"(2) The report shall include the cost of obtaining such data, the rationale underlying the decisions reached based on such data, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of using such data (including whether the effort involved in analyzing and integrating such data is commensurate with the benefits derived from their use). The report may include specific recommendations regarding the continued use of such data.

"(g)(1) No later than May 1, 2001, the President's pay agent shall prepare and submit to the committees specified in subsection (f)(1) a report relating to the ongoing efforts of the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Management and Budget, and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to revise the methodology currently being used by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in performing its surveys under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2) The report shall include a detailed accounting of any concerns the pay agent may have regarding the current methodology, the specific projects the pay agent has directed any of those agencies to undertake in order to address those concerns, and a time line for the anticipated completion of those projects and for implementation of the revised methodology.

"(3) The report shall also include recommendations as to how those ongoing efforts might be expedited, including any additional resources which, in the opinion of the pay agent, are needed in order to expedite completion of the activities described in the preceding provisions of this subsection, and the reasons why those additional resources are needed."

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title IX, §902(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–304, which provided that notwithstanding any other law, no officer or member of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division or Park Police was to be paid locality pay under section 5304 or 5304a of this title, at a percentage rate for the applicable locality in excess of the rate in effect for pay periods during calendar year 2000, ceased to be effective on the first day of the first pay period on or after Jan. 1, 2003, pursuant to Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §643, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 473.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §630(b), (c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2424, provided that:

"(b) For purposes of any locality-based comparability payments taking effect in fiscal year 1995 under subchapter I of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code (whether by adjustment or otherwise), section 5304(a) of such title shall be deemed to be without force or effect.

"(c) Notwithstanding section 5304(a)(3)(B) of title 5, United States Code, the annualized cost of pay adjustments made under section 5304 of such title in calendar year 1995 shall be equal to 0.6 percent of the estimated aggregate fiscal year 1995 executive branch civilian payroll—

"(1) as determined by the pay agent (within the meaning of section 5302 of such title); and

"(2) determined as if the rates of pay and comparability payments payable on September 30, 1994, had remained in effect."

Section 8(b) of Pub. L. 102–378 provided that: "Notwithstanding section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, for purposes of any comparability payments scheduled to take effect under such section during calendar years 1994 and 1995, respectively—

"(1) the report required by subsection (d)(1) of such section may be submitted not later than 1 month before the start of the calendar year for purposes of which it is prepared; and

"(2) the surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics for use in preparing any such report may be other than annual surveys, and shall, to the greatest extent practicable, be completed not later than 4 months before the start of the calendar year for purposes of which the surveys are conducted."

Pub. L. 101–509, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1462, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §3(4), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1356; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(2), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'area' means any consolidated metropolitan statistical area, primary metropolitan statistical area, or metropolitan statistical area, with at least 5,000 General Schedule employees; and

"(2) the term 'pay relative' shall have the meaning given such term under regulations prescribed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

"(b)

"(2) In determining areas where an interim geographic adjustment is needed, the President shall consider available evidence of significant pay disparities, including BLS information on pay relatives and relevant commercial surveys, and recruitment or retention problems.

"(c)

"(A) the basic pay to which a percentage is applied in computing an amount payable under this section;

"(B) the purposes for which any amount under this section is to be considered part of basic pay;

"(C) the time and manner in which amounts under this section are to be paid (including any maximum rate limitation); and

"(D) the authority of the President, upon request of an agency head, to extend this section to employees who would not otherwise be covered.

"(2) No amount payable under this section shall be taken into account in any survey or computation under, or for any other purpose in the administration of, section 5304 of title 5, United States Code (as so amended).

"(d)

"(2)(A) The size of any payments under this section may be reduced or terminated after the amendments made by section 101 of this Act [section 529 [title I, §101] of Pub. L. 101–509, see Tables for classification] take effect [see Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title], except that the reduction or termination of a payment under this section may not have the effect of reducing, for the individual involved, the total rate at which additional forms of basic pay (as defined in subparagraph (B)) are payable to such individual.

"(B) The total rate to which subparagraph (A) applies is the sum of—

"(i) the rate at which comparability payments (under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by such Act), are payable; and

"(ii) the rate at which payments under this section are payable.

"(e)

"(f)

[Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 to section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as an Effective Date of 1993 Amendment note under section 3372 of this title.]

[Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 to section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.]

For designation of agents of President under subsecs. (d)(1) and (h) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12748, §2(a), Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, eff. Feb. 3, 1991, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Interim geographic adjustments pursuant to section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, were provided by the following executive orders, formerly set out as notes under section 5332 of this title, effective on the first day of first pay period beginning on or after the effective date shown:

Ex. Ord. No. 12944, Dec. 28, 1994, 60 F.R. 309, effective Jan. 1, 1995.

Ex. Ord. No. 12826, Dec. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 62909, effective Jan. 1, 1993.

Ex. Ord. No. 12786, Dec. 26, 1991, 56 F.R. 67453, effective Jan. 1, 1992.

Ex. Ord. No. 12736, Dec. 12, 1990, 55 F.R. 51385, effective Jan. 1, 1991.

Ex. Ord. No. 11073, Jan. 7, 1963, 28 F.R. 203, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11173, Aug. 20, 1964, 29 F.R. 11999, which provided for Federal salary administration, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11721, May 23, 1973, 38 F.R. 13717, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11721, May 23, 1973, 38 F.R. 13717, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12004, July 20, 1977, 42 F.R. 37527; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which provided for administration of the Federal pay system, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12748, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, eff. Feb. 3, 1991, set out under section 5301 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12764, June 5, 1991, 56 F.R. 26587, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 5304(e) of title 5, United States Code, as amended, and in order to establish, in accordance with the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], an advisory committee on locality-based comparability payments for General Schedule employees, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Establishment*. There is established a Federal Salary Council (the "Council"). The Council shall be composed of nine members appointed by the President in accordance with section 5304(e)(1) of title 5, United States Code. The President shall designate one of the members to serve as Chairman of the Council and shall designate another member to serve as Vice Chairman of the Council. The Vice Chairman shall act as Chairman in the absence of the Chairman.

*Function*. The Council shall meet with the President's Pay Agent, as designated under section 2(a) of Executive Order No. 12748 of February 1, 1991 [5 U.S.C. 5301 note], to provide views and recommendations regarding:

(a) the establishment or modification of pay localities;

(b) the coverage of annual surveys conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics under subsection 5304(d)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code (including, but not limited to, the occupations, establishment sizes, and industries to be surveyed, and how pay localities are to be surveyed);

(c) the process of comparing the rates of pay payable under the General Schedule with rates of pay for the same levels of work performed by non-Federal workers; and

(d) the level of comparability payments that should be paid in order to eliminate or reduce pay disparities in accordance with the requirements of section 5304 of title 5, United States Coce [sic].

*Administration*. (a) Members of the Council shall receive no pay by reason of their service on the Council.

(b) To the extent permitted by law and subject to the availability of appropriations, the Office of Personnel Management (the "Office") shall provide such facilities and administrative support to the Council as the Director of the Office determines appropriate.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other Executive order, the functions of the President under the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.], except that of reporting to the Congress, which are applicable to the Council, shall be performed by the Director of the Office, in accordance with the guidelines and procedures established by the Administrator of General Services.

George Bush.

For adjustment of locality-based comparability payments under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

Approvals of locality-based comparability payments recommended by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management were contained in the following:

Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 62549.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 1, 1993, 58 F.R. 64097.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) If, because of national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare, the President should consider the level of comparability payments which would otherwise be payable under section 5304 in any year to be inappropriate, the President shall—

(1) prepare and transmit to Congress, at least 1 month before those comparability payments (disregarding this section) would otherwise become payable, a report describing the alternative level of payments which the President instead intends to provide, including the reasons why such alternative level is considered necessary; and

(2) implement the alternative level of payments beginning on the same date as would otherwise apply, for the year involved, under section 5304.

(b) The requirements set forth in paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively, of section 5303(b) shall apply with respect to any decision to exercise any authority to fix an alternative level of comparability payments under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1436.)

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §634, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1482, provided that:

"Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any provision of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title] and any provision of law amended by such Act), for purposes of any comparability payments scheduled to take effect under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by such Act) during calendar year 1994—

"(1) deem section 5304a of such title (as so amended) to be amended as follows:

"(A) in subsection (a), strike 'If' and all that follows thereafter through 'welfare,' and insert 'Subject to subsection (c), if'; and

"(B) add after subsection (b) the following:

" '(c)(1) For the purpose of this section—

" '(A) the "threshold amount" is $1,800,000,000; and

" '(B) "severe economic conditions" shall be considered to exist relative to comparability payments scheduled to take effect on a given date if, during the 12-month period ending 2 calendar quarters before such date, there occurred 2 consecutive quarters of negative growth in the GNP.

" '(2) Authority under this section to provide an alternative level of comparability payments in any year may not be exercised except in accordance with the following:

" '(A) If the estimated cost of the comparability payments which (but for this section) would otherwise be payable in such year would be equal to the threshold amount or less, no alternative level may be fixed under this section unless necessary because a state of war or severe economic conditions exist.

" '(B) If the estimated cost of the comparability payments which (but for this section) would otherwise be payable in such year would be greater than the threshold amount, no alternative level may be fixed—

" '(i) at a level which would result in an estimated cost equal to or greater than the threshold amount, unless necessary because of national emergency or serious economic conditions affecting the general welfare; or

" '(ii) at a level which would result in an estimated cost less than the threshold amount, unless necessary because of either of the reasons set forth in subparagraph (A).

" '(d)(1) The President's agent (as referred to in section 5304(d)) shall develop and include in the appropriate report under section 5304(d)(1) the methodology for estimating any costs under this section, and any estimate under this section shall be in accordance with such methodology.

" '(2) In making any estimate under this section, costs attributable to any authority under section 5304(h) may not be taken into account.'; and

"(2) the President's pay agent (referred to in section 5304(d) of such title, as so amended) may use appropriate estimates in lieu of BLS survey data if such data is not available for use in preparing the agent's report with respect to comparability payments payable during calendar year 1994."

(a)(1) Whenever the Office of Personnel Management finds that the Government's recruitment or retention efforts with respect to 1 or more occupations in 1 or more areas or locations are, or are likely to become, significantly handicapped due to any of the circumstances described in subsection (b), the Office may establish for the areas or locations involved, with respect to individuals in positions paid under any of the pay systems referred to in subsection (c), higher minimum rates of pay for 1 or more grades or levels, occupational groups, series, classes, or subdivisions thereof, and may make corresponding increases in all rates of the pay range for each such grade or level. However, a minimum rate so established may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay (excluding any locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law) for the grade or level by more than 30 percent, and no rate may be established under this section in excess of the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule. In the case of individuals not subject to the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service, the President may designate another agency to authorize special rates under this section.

(2) The head of an agency may determine that a category of employees of the agency will not be covered by a special rate authorization established under this section. The head of an agency shall provide written notice to the Office of Personnel Management (or other agency designated by the President to authorize special rates under the last sentence of paragraph (1)) which identifies the specific category or categories of employees that will not be covered by special rates authorized under this section. If the head of an agency removes a category of employees from coverage under a special rate authorization after that authorization takes effect, the loss of coverage will take effect on the first day of the first pay period after the date of the notice.

(b) The circumstances referred to in subsection (a) are—

(1) rates of pay offered by non-Federal employers being significantly higher than those payable by the Government within the area, location, occupational group, or other class of positions under the pay system involved;

(2) the remoteness of the area or location involved;

(3) the undesirability of the working conditions or the nature of the work involved (including exposure to toxic substances or other occupational hazards); or

(4) any other circumstances which the Office of Personnel Management (or such other agency as the President may under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1) designate) considers appropriate.

(c) Authority under subsection (a) may be exercised with respect to positions paid under—

(1) a statutory pay system; or

(2) any other pay system established by or under Federal statute for civilian positions within the executive branch.

(d) Within the limitations applicable under the preceding provisions of this section, rates of pay established under this section may be revised from time to time by the Office of Personnel Management (or by such other agency as the President may designate under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1)). The actions and revisions have the force and effect of statute.

(e) An increase in a rate of pay established under this section is not an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of section 5335.

(f) When a schedule of special rates established under this section is adjusted under subsection (d), a covered employee's special rate will be adjusted in accordance with conversion rules prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management (or by such other agency as the President may under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1) designate).

(g)(1) The benefit of any comparability payments under section 5304 shall be available to individuals receiving rates of pay established under this section to such extent as the Office of Personnel Management (or such other agency as the President may under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1) designate) considers appropriate, subject to paragraph (2) and subsection (h).

(2) Payments under this subsection may not be made if, or to the extent that, when added to basic pay otherwise payable, such payments would cause the total to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

(h) An employee shall not for any purpose be considered to be entitled to a rate of pay established under this section with respect to any period for which such employee is entitled to a higher rate of basic pay under any other provision of law. For purposes of this subsection, the term "basic pay" includes any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law.

(i) If an employee who is receiving a rate of pay under this section becomes subject, by virtue of moving to a new official duty station, to a different pay schedule, such employee's new rate of pay shall be initially established under conversion rules prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management (or such other agency as the President may under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1) designate) in conformance with the following:

(1) First, determine the rate of pay to which such employee would be entitled at the new official duty station based on such employee's position, grade, and step (or relative position in the rate range) before the move.

(2) Then, if (in addition to the change in pay schedule) the move also involves any personnel action or other change requiring a rate adjustment under any other provision of law, rule, or regulation, apply the applicable rate adjustment provisions, treating the rate determined under paragraph (1) as if it were the rate last received by the employee before the rate adjustment.

(j) A rate determined under a schedule of special rates established under this section shall be considered to be part of basic pay for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83, chapter 84, chapter 87, subchapter V of chapter 55, and section 5941, and for such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe.

(Added Pub. L. 91–656, §3(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1946; amended Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(c), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1436; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2313.)

Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (g)(2), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

The provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service, referred to in subsec. (a), are classified generally to section 3301 et seq. of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(A), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) relating to the President's authority to establish higher minimum rates of basic pay for specified individuals where the Government's recruitment or retention efforts are, or are likely to become, significantly handicapped.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4) which read as follows: "any other circumstances which the President (or an agency duly authorized or designated by the President in accordance with the last sentence of subsection (a)) considers appropriate."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(C), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "President" and "(or by such other agency as the President may designate under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1))" for "or by such agency as he may designate".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(D), substituted "rate of pay" for "rate of basic pay".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(E), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: "The rate of basic pay established under this section and received by an individual immediately before a statutory increase, which becomes effective prior to, on, or after the date of enactment of the statute, in the pay schedule applicable to such individual of any pay system specified in subsection (c) of this section, shall be initially adjusted, effective on the effective date of the statutory increase, under conversion rules prescribed by the President or by such agency as the President may designate."

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(F), substituted "pay" for "basic pay" and "Office of Personnel Management (or such other agency as the President may under the last sentence of subsection (a)(1) designate)" for "President (or his designated agency)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(G), added subsec. (h) and struck out former subsec. (h) which read as follows "The rate of basic pay payable to an individual under this section may not, at any time, be less than the rate which would then be payable to such individual (taking comparability payments under section 5304 into account) if this section had never been enacted."

Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(2)(H), added subsecs. (i) and (j).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions authorizing President to make special pay increases whenever recruitment or retention efforts are handicapped for provisions requiring annual pay reports and adjustments, authorizing alternative plan in years of emergency or when economic conditions affect the general welfare, and setting forth procedure where Congressional committee disapproves such alternative plan.

**1975**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 94–82, §202(c)(1), inserted provision relating to specification in the report to the Congress of the overall percentage of the adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule and under other statutory pay systems.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–82, §202(c)(2), inserted provision relating to specification in the report to the Congress of the overall percentage of the adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule and under other statutory pay systems.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provision relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §209], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1460, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §3(3), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) grade GS–5 or 7 of the General Schedule;

"(2) a 2-grade-interval occupational series, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management; or

"(3) any combination of classes of positions described in paragraph (1) or (2) for which the President determines a recruiting difficulty exists.

"(b)

"(1) shall be paid in the same manner and at the same time as the employee's basic pay is paid, but may not be considered to be part of basic pay for any purpose; and

"(2) may be reduced or eliminated by the Office of Personnel Management in its sole discretion as the amendments made by this Act take effect [see Effective Date of 1990 Amendment and Short Title of 1990 Amendment notes set out under section 5301 of this title], except that no such reduction or elimination shall have the effect of reducing the total amount of pay (determined by adding basic pay and staffing differential) which any employee is receiving."

[Authority of President under section 529 [title II, §209] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, delegated to Office of Personnel Management by Ex. Ord. No. 12748, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, eff. May 4, 1991, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.]

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title IX, §907(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–309, provided that: "Beginning on the effective date of this Act [see section 1(a)(4) [div. B, title IX, §909] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out in a Conversion to New Salary Schedule note under section 3056A of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure]—

"(1) no existing special salary rates shall be authorized for members of the United States Park Police under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code (or any previous similar provision of law); and

"(2) no special rates of pay or special pay adjustments shall be applicable to members of the United States Park Police pursuant to section 405 of the Federal Law Enforcement Pay Reform Act of 1990 [section 529 [title IV, §405] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a note below]."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §§401–407], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1465, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §3(5)–(9), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1356; Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §628, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1266; Pub. L. 103–178, title III, §303(a), Dec. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 2034; Pub. L. 105–61, title I, §118(e), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1288; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title IX, §907(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–309; Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(b), title III, §301(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2309, 2317, provided that:

"This title [section 529 [title IV, §§401–412] of Pub. L. 101–509, enacting sections 4521 to 4523 of this title, amending sections 5541, 5542, 5547, 8335, and 8425 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 4521, 5541, and 8335 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5541 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Law Enforcement Pay Reform Act of 1990'.

"For the purposes of this title, except as otherwise provided, the term 'law enforcement officer' means any law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 5541(3) of title 5, United States Code, with respect to whom the provisions of chapter 51 of such title apply.

"(a) Notwithstanding the procedures of section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 101 of this Act, or similar provision of law, higher minimum rates and corresponding increases in all step rates of each designated General Schedule grade shall be established for law enforcement officers in accordance with the provisions of this section.

"(b)(1) Effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1992, the higher minimum rates to be established are as follows:

"GS–3 | Step 4 |

"GS–4 | Step 4 |

"GS–5 | Step 4 |

"GS–6 | Step 3 |

"GS–7 | Step 3 |

"GS–8 | Step 3 |

"GS–9 | Step 2 |

"GS–10 | Step 2 |


"(2) Effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1993, the higher minimum rates to be established are as follows:

"GS–3 | Step 7 |

"GS–4 | Step 7 |

"GS–5 | Step 8 |

"GS–6 | Step 6 |

"GS–7 | Step 5 |

"GS–8 | Step 3 |

"GS–9 | Step 2 |

"GS–10 | Step 2 |


"(c) The higher minimum rates and corresponding higher rates for each step rate of each designated grade shall apply to every law enforcement officer in the designated grades (except in the case of any law enforcement officer for whom a higher rate is authorized under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 101 of this Act, or similar provision of law) and shall be basic pay for all purposes. The rates shall be adjusted at the time of adjustments in the General Schedule to maintain the step linkage set forth in subsection (b)(2).

"(d) Any interim entry-level adjustment under section 209 of this Act [section 529 [title II, §209] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note above] which a law enforcement officer is receiving shall be eliminated on the day before the effective date of the higher minimum rates under subsection (b)(1).

"(a) A law enforcement officer shall be paid any applicable special pay adjustment in accordance with the provisions of this section, but such special pay adjustment shall be reduced by the amount of any applicable interim geographic adjustment under section 302 of this Act [section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title], any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 101 of this Act, and, to the extent determined appropriate by the Office of Personnel Management, any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 of such title, as so amended, or any similar provision of law (other than section 403).

"(b)(1) Except as provided in subsection (a), effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 1992, each law enforcement officer whose post of duty is in one of the following areas shall receive an adjustment, which shall be a percentage of the officer's rate of basic pay, as follows:

"Area | Differential |
---|---|

Boston-Lawrence-Salem, MA–NH Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 16% |

Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL–IN–WI Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 4% |

Los Angeles-Anaheim-Riverside, CA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 16% |

New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY–NJ–CT Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 16% |

Philadelphia-Wilmington-Trenton, PA–NJ–DE–MD Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 4% |

San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, CA Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 16% |

San Diego, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area | 8% |

Washington-Baltimore DC–MD–VA–WV Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area | 4% |


"(2) In the case of any area specified in paragraph (1) that includes a portion, but not all, of a county, the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of 1 or more law enforcement agencies, extend the area specified in paragraph (1) to include, for the purposes of this section, the entire county, if the Office determines that such extension would be in the interests of good personnel administration. Any such extension shall be applicable to each law enforcement officer whose post of duty is in the area of the extension.

"(c)(1) A special pay adjustment under this section shall be administered, to the extent practicable, in the same manner as a locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 101 of this Act, and shall be considered part of basic pay to the same degree as such a locality-based comparability payment.

"(2) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary concerning the payment of special pay adjustments to law enforcement officers under this section.

"(a) The appropriate agency head (as defined in subsection (c)) shall prescribe regulations under which the purposes of sections 403, 404, and 407 shall be carried out with respect to individuals holding positions described in subsection (b).

"(b) This subsection applies with respect to any—

"(1) special agent within the Diplomatic Security Service;

"(2) probation officer (referred to in section 3672 of title 18, United States Code); or

"(3) pretrial services officer (referred to in section 3153 of title 18, United States Code).

"(c) For purposes of this section, the term 'appropriate agency head' means—

"(1) with respect to any individual under subsection (b)(1), the Secretary of State; or

"(2) with respect to any individual under subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3), the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.

"(a) The total pay of an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation assigned to the New York Field Division before the date of September 29, 1993, in a position covered by the demonstration project conducted under section 601 of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1989 (Public Law 100–453) [102 Stat. 1911] shall not be reduced as a result of the termination of the demonstration project during the period that employee remains employed after that date in a position covered by the demonstration project.

"(b) Beginning on September 30, 1993, any periodic payment under section 601(a)(2) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1989 [Pub. L. 100–453, 102 Stat. 1911] for any such employee shall be reduced by the amount of any increase in basic pay under title 5, United States Code, including the following provisions: an annual adjustment under section 5303, locality-based comparability payment under section 5304, initiation or increase in a special pay rate under section 5305, promotion under section 5334, periodic step increase under section 5335, merit increase under section 5404, or other increase to basic pay under any provision of law."

[Section 303(b) of Pub. L. 103–178 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 529 [title IV, §406] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above] shall take effect as of September 30, 1993, and shall apply to the pay of employees to whom the amendment applies that is earned on or after that date."]

[For effective dates of amendments by section 3(5)–(9) of Pub. L. 102–378 to section 529 [title IV, §§402, 403(d), 404(a), (b), 405(a)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, see section 9(a), (b)(6), (9) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.]

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §412], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1469, provided that not later than Jan. 1, 1993, the Office of Personnel Management should submit to Congress a written plan to establish a separate pay and classification system for law enforcement officers and specifications for legislation to implement such plan.

Functions of President under this section assigned to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13415, Dec. 1, 2006, 71 F.R. 70641, set out as a note under section 4505a of this title.

(a) Notwithstanding sections 1341, 1342, and 1349–1351 and subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 31—

(1) the rates of pay of—

(A) employees in the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the Government of the United States (except employees whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives) and of the government of the District of Columbia, whose rates of pay are fixed by administrative action under law and are not otherwise adjusted under this subchapter;

(B) employees under the Architect of the Capitol, whose rates of pay are fixed under section 166b–3a 1 of title 40, and the Superintendent of Garages, House office buildings; and

(C) persons employed by the county committees established under section 590h(b) of title 16; and

(2) and minimum or maximum rate of pay (other than a maximum rate equal to or greater than the maximum rate then currently being paid under the General Schedule as a result of a pay adjustment under section 5303 (or prior corresponding provision of law)), and any monetary limitation on or monetary allowance for pay, applicable to employees described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of paragraph (1);

may be adjusted, by the appropriate authority concerned, effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the day on which a pay adjustment becomes effective under section 5303 (or prior provision of law), by whichever of the following methods the appropriate authority concerned considers appropriate—

(i) by an amount or amounts not in excess of the pay adjustment provided under section 5303 for corresponding rates of pay in the appropriate schedule or scale of pay;

(ii) if there are no corresponding rates of pay, by an amount or amounts equal or equivalent, insofar as practicable and with such exceptions and modifications as may be necessary to provide for appropriate pay relationships between positions, to the amount of the pay adjustment provided under section 5303; or

(iii) in the case of minimum or maximum rates of pay, or monetary limitations of allowances with respect to pay, by an amount rounded to the nearest $100 and computed on the basis of a percentage equal or equivalent, insofar as practicable and with such variations as may be appropriate, to the percentage of the pay adjustment provided under section 5303.

(b) An adjustment under subsection (a) in rates of pay, minimum or maximum rates of pay, the monetary limitations or allowances with respect to pay, shall be made in such manner as the appropriate authority concerned considers appropriate.

(c) This section does not authorize any adjustment in the rates of pay of employees whose rates of pay are fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates or practices.

(d) This section does not impair any authority under which rates of pay may be fixed by administrative action.

(e) Pay may not be paid, by reason of any exercise of authority under this section, at a rate in excess of the rate of basic pay payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

(Added Pub. L. 91–656, §3(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1949; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1437; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(27), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(3), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745.)

Section 166b–3a of title 40, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), means section 166b–3a of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, which was transferred to section 1848 of Title 2, The Congress.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (e), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "section 166b–3a" for "section 166b–3".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions authorizing adjustments in rates of pay, minimum or maximum rates of pay, and monetary limitations or allowances with respect to pay of certain Federal employees for provisions establishing Advisory Committee on Federal Pay and setting forth its duties.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) Except as otherwise permitted by or under law, or as otherwise provided under subsection (d), no allowance, differential, bonus, award, or other similar cash payment under this title may be paid to an employee in a calendar year if, or to the extent that, when added to the total basic pay paid or payable to such employee for service performed in such calendar year as an employee in the executive branch (or as an employee outside the executive branch to whom chapter 51 applies), such payment would cause the total to exceed the annual rate of basic pay payable for level I of the Executive Schedule, as of the end of such calendar year.

(2) This section shall not apply to any payment under—

(A) subchapter III or VII of chapter 55 or section 5596;

(B) chapter 57 (other than section 5753, 5754, 5755, or 5757); 1 or

(C) chapter 59 (other than section 5925, 5928, 5941(a)(2), or 5948).

(b)(1) Any amount which is not paid to an employee in a calendar year because of the limitation under subsection (a) shall be paid to such employee in a lump sum at the beginning of the following calendar year.

(2) Any amount paid under this subsection in a calendar year shall be taken into account for purposes of appying 2 the limitations under subsection (a) with respect to such calendar year.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section (subject to subsection (d)), including regulations (consistent with section 5582) concerning how a lump-sum payment under subsection (b) shall be made with respect to any employee who dies before an amount payable to such employee under subsection (b) is made.

(d)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, subsection (a)(1) shall be applied by substituting "the total annual compensation payable to the Vice President under section 104 of title 3" for "the annual rate of basic pay payable for level I of the Executive Schedule" in the case of any employee who—

(A) is paid under section 5376 or 5383 of this title, section 332(f), 603, or 604 of title 28, or section 108 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1991 (2 U.S.C. 1849); and

(B) holds a position in or under an agency which is described in paragraph (2).

(2) An agency described in this paragraph is any agency which, for purposes of applying the limitation in the calendar year involved, has a performance appraisal system certified under this subsection as making, in its design and application, meaningful distinctions based on relative performance.

(3)(A) The Office of Personnel Management and the Office of Management and Budget jointly shall promulgate such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this subsection, including the criteria and procedures in accordance with which any determinations under this subsection shall be made.

(B) The certification of an agency performance appraisal system under this subsection shall be for a period not to exceed 24 months beginning on the date of certification, unless extended by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management for up to 6 additional months, except that such certification may be terminated at any time upon a finding that the actions of such agency have not remained in conformance with applicable requirements.

(C) Any certification or decertification under this subsection shall be made by the Office of Personnel Management, with the concurrence of the Office of Management and Budget.

(4) Notwithstanding any provision of paragraph (3), any regulations, certifications, or other measures necessary to carry out this subsection with respect to employees within the judicial branch shall be the responsibility of the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. However, the regulations under this paragraph shall be consistent with those promulgated under paragraph (3).

(5)(A) Notwithstanding any provision of paragraph (3), any regulations, certifications, or other measures necessary to carry out this subsection—

(i) with respect to employees of the Library of Congress shall be the responsibility of the Librarian of Congress;

(ii) with respect to employees of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol shall be the responsibility of the Architect of the Capitol; and

(iii) with respect to employees of the Government Publishing Office shall be the responsibility of the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

(B) The regulations under this paragraph shall be consistent with those promulgated under paragraph (3).

(Added Pub. L. 91–656, §3(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1950; amended Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(10), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1438; Pub. L. 102–77, §2, July 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 369; Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §207(b), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1780; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1322, Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297; Pub. L. 110–372, §3(a), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4045; Pub. L. 114–113, div. I, title II, §210(a), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2674.)

Level I of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d)(1), is set out in section 5312 of this title.

Section 5757, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), probably means the section 5757 of this title added by Pub. L. 107–273, relating to extended assignment incentive.

**2015**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–113, §210(a)(1), substituted "this title, section 332(f), 603, or 604 of title 28, or section 108 of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1991 (2 U.S.C. 1849)" for "this title or section 332(f), 603, or 604 of title 28".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 114–113, §210(a)(2), added par. (5).

**2008**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 110–372, §3(a)(1), substituted "applying the limitation in the calendar year involved, has a performance appraisal system certified under this subsection as making, in its design and application, meaningful distinctions based on relative performance" for "the calendar year involved, has been certified under this subsection as having a performance appraisal system which (as designed and applied) makes meaningful distinctions based on relative performance".

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–372, §3(a)(2), substituted "The certification of an agency performance appraisal system under this subsection shall be for a period not to exceed 24 months beginning on the date of certification, unless extended by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management for up to 6 additional months" for "An agency's certification under this subsection shall be for a period of 2 calendar years" and struck out ", for purposes of either or both of those years," after "time".

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1322(b)(1), inserted "or as otherwise provided under subsection (d)," after "under law,".

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–273 substituted "5755, or 5757" for "or 5755".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–296, §1322(b)(2), substituted "this section (subject to subsection (d))," for "this section,".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–296, §1322(a), added subsec. (d).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–77, §2(1)–(3), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "cause the" for "cause to the", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–77, §2(4), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an amount if, or to the extent that, it is attributable to a payment the authority for which would derive from section 4505a(d), 5753(e), or 5754(e)."

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting provisions prohibiting cash payments to employees in excess of annual rate of basic pay payable for level I of Executive Schedule in a calendar year, for provisions authorizing adjustments in rates of pay, minimum or maximum rates of pay, and monetary limitations or allowances with respect to pay of certain Federal employees.

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "sections 1341, 1342, and 1349–1351 and subchapter II of chapter 15" for "section 665".

Pub. L. 114–113, div. I, title II, §210(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2674, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2015]."

Pub. L. 110–372, §3(c), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4046, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 2008]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §207(c), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1780, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 5757 of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 2002]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–41, title II, §204(d), June 23, 2017, 131 Stat. 876, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see Short Title of 2017 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits] or the amendments made by this Act may be construed to modify the certification issued by the Office of Personnel Management and the Office of Management and Budget regarding the performance appraisal system of the Senior Executive Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs."

Pub. L. 110–372, §3(b), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4045, provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) June 30, 2009; or

"(ii) the first anniversary of the date of the certification.

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) June 30, 2010; or

"(ii) the second anniversary of the date of the certification."

Memorandum of President of the United States, Aug. 3, 2010, 75 F.R. 47433, provided:

Memorandum for the Assistant to the President and Chief of Staff [and] The Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

At a time when so many American families are struggling to make ends meet, I am committed to making sure the Federal Government is spending the taxpayers' money wisely and carefully, and cutting costs wherever possible. I am committed to ending programs that do not work, streamlining those that do, and bringing a new responsibility for stewardship of tax dollars. Like households and businesses across the country, the Federal Government is tightening its belt. This effort began during my first days in office, when I froze the salaries of the senior members of my White House Staff.

As a next step in this effort, I direct you to suspend cash awards, quality step increases, bonuses, and similar discretionary payments or salary adjustments to any politically appointed Federal employee, commencing immediately, and continuing through the end of Fiscal Year 2011. I also direct the Office of Personnel Management to issue guidance, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget, to assist departments and agencies in implementing this policy.

In addition to these actions freezing discretionary payments, I have proposed in my Budget for Fiscal Year 2011 a salary freeze for senior political appointees throughout the Federal Government. Unlike the administrative action I have taken today in this memorandum, my proposed salary freeze requires legislation, so it cannot be implemented absent legislative action by the Congress.

I appreciate the hard work of our Federal workforce, and understand how important these payments can be to many workers and their families. Yet like households and businesses across the country, we need to make tough choices about how to spend our funds.

This memorandum shall be carried out to the extent permitted by law and consistent with executive departments' and agencies' legal authorities. Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to affect payments or salary adjustments for Federal employees who are not political appointees. This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "applying".

Section, added Pub. L. 91–656, §3(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1951, relating to pay limitation, was omitted in the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 101–509.

The Executive Schedule, which is divided into five pay levels, is the basic pay schedule for positions, other than Senior Executive Service positions and positions in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, to which this subchapter applies.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 459; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §§408(b)(1), 414(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173, 1178; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(24), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(h)(1), (2), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1447.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2210. | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §302, 78 Stat. 415. |


The words "There is hereby established" are omitted as executed. The word "offices" is omitted as included in "positions". The words "Executive Schedule" are substituted for "Federal Executive Salary Schedule".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 struck out "(a)" before "The Executive Schedule, which" and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall determine the number and classification of executive level positions in existence in the executive branch on that date of enactment, and shall publish the determination in the Federal Register. Effective beginning on the date of the publication, the number of executive level positions within the executive branch may not exceed the number published under this subsection.

"(2) For the purpose of this subsection, 'executive level position' means—

"(A) any office or position in the civil service the rate of pay for which is equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay payable for positions under section 5316 of this title, or

"(B) any such office or position the rate of pay for which may be fixed by administrative action at a rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay payable for positions under section 5316 of this title;

but does not include any Senior Executive Service position (as defined in section 3132(a) of this title) or any position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service."

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–325, §2(h)(1), inserted reference to positions in Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–325, §2(h)(2), substituted "(as defined in section 3132(a) of this title) or any position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service" for ", as defined in section 3132(a) of this title" in concluding provision.

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–54 inserted "of the Office of Personnel Management" after "Director".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §408(b)(1), inserted reference to Senior Executive Service positions.

Pub. L. 95–454, §414(b)(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Section 414(b)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 required President to transmit by Jan. 1, 1980, a plan to Congress for authorizing executive level positions in executive branch.

Level I of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:

Secretary of State.

Secretary of the Treasury.

Secretary of Defense.

Attorney General.

Secretary of the Interior.

Secretary of Agriculture.

Secretary of Commerce.

Secretary of Labor.

Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Secretary of Transportation.

United States Trade Representative.

Secretary of Energy.

Secretary of Education.

Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

Secretary of Homeland Security.

Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Commissioner of Social Security, Social Security Administration.

Director of National Drug Control Policy.

Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Director of National Intelligence.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 460; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(1), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(12), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §141(b)(3)(A), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1999; Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(1), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(c), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(c), (g), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 97–456, §3(d)(1), (5), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2505; Pub. L. 99–198, title XI, §1113(d), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1480; Pub. L. 99–260, §4(c), Mar. 20, 1986, 100 Stat. 49; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(c), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 100–679, §11(a), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4070; Pub. L. 100–690, title I, §1003(a)(4)(A), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4182; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(e)(1), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1486; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title VII, §713(a)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–693; Pub. L. 106–569, title X, §1002(a)(1), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3028; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1702(a)(1), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1015(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3664.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2211(a). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(a), 78 Stat. 416. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Paragraph designation for the position added by Pub. L. 96–88 has been omitted in view of the deletion of all paragraph designations in this section by Pub. L. 96–54.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–458 inserted item relating to Director of National Intelligence.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296 inserted item relating to Secretary of Homeland Security.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–569 inserted item relating to Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–277 inserted item relating to Director of National Drug Control Policy.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–296 inserted item relating to Commissioner of Social Security, Social Security Administration.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–690, §§1003(a)(4)(A), 1009, temporarily inserted item relating to Director of National Drug Control Policy. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendments note below.

Pub. L. 100–679 inserted item relating to Director of Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 100–527 inserted item relating to Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–260 struck out item relating to Special Assistant for Agricultural Trade and Food Aid.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–198 inserted item relating to Special Assistant for Agricultural Trade and Food Aid.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–456, §3(d)(5), substituted "United States Trade Representative" for "Special Representative for Trade Negotiations".

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–88, §508(g), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in item relating to the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Pars. (1) to (14). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out paragraph designations for positions listed herein.

Par. (15). Pub. L. 96–88, §508(c), added par. (15) relating to Secretary of Education. See Codification note set out above.

**1977**—Par. (14). Pub. L. 95–91 added par. (14) relating to Secretary of Energy.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82 substituted provisions applying level I of Executive Schedule to positions for which annual rate of basic pay shall be rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title for provisions applying such level I to positions for which annual rate of basic pay is $35,000.

Par. (13). Pub. L. 93–618 added par. (13) relating to Special Representative for Trade Negotiations.

**1970**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 91–375 struck out par. (5) relating to Postmaster General.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–670 added par. (11) relating to Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and par. (12) relating to Secretary of Transportation.

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 106–569, title X, §1002(b), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3028, provided that: "This section [amending this section and sections 5313 and 5314 of this title] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period for the Chairman and Members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2000]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Jan. 21, 1989, and repealed on Sept. 30, 1997, see sections 1012 and 1009, respectively, of Pub. L. 100–690.

Pub. L. 100–679, §11(e), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4070, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 5312 to 5315 of this title] shall be effective on January 20, 1989."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–88 effective May 4, 1980, with specified exceptions, see section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(B), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382, provided that: The amendments made by subparagraph (A) [amending sections 5312 to 5316 of this title] shall take effect January 1, 1980".

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective 90 days after Secretary of Transportation first takes office, or on any earlier date after Oct. 15, 1966, as President prescribes and publishes in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670.

Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §201, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 419, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Executive Salary Cost-of-Living Adjustment Act'."

Pub. L. 111–1, §1, Jan. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(c)

Pub. L. 110–455, Dec. 19, 2008, 122 Stat. 5036, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(c)

For provisions limiting compensation and emoluments of Secretary of the Treasury at levels in effect on Jan. 1, 1989, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 103–2, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Pub. L. 96–241, §1, May 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 343, limited the compensation and other emoluments attached to the office of Secretary of State to those in effect Jan. 1, 1977, during the period beginning May 3, 1980, and ending on the date on which the first individual appointed to that office after May 3, 1980, ceases to hold that office.

Provisions of Pub. L. 93–178, §1, Dec. 10, 1973, 87 Stat. 697, which fixed the compensation and other emoluments attached to the Office of Attorney General at level in effect on Jan. 1, 1969, notwithstanding any other provision of law enacted or becoming effective during period from noon, Jan. 3, 1969, through noon, Jan. 2, 1975, were repealed by Pub. L. 94–2, Feb. 18, 1975, 89 Stat. 4, effective as of Feb. 4, 1975.

For adjustment of salaries under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For prior year salary increases per the recommendation of the President, see Prior Salary Recommendations notes under section 358 of Title 2, The Congress.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Level II of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:

Deputy Secretary of Defense.

Deputy Secretary of State.

Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources.

Administrator, Agency for International Development.

Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs.

Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security.

Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management.

Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.

Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Deputy Secretary of the Treasury.

Deputy Secretary of Transportation.

Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Chairman, Council of Economic Advisers.

Director of the Office of Science and Technology.

Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Secretary of the Air Force.

Secretary of the Army.

Secretary of the Navy.

Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.

Director of the National Science Foundation.

Deputy Attorney General.

Deputy Secretary of Energy.

Deputy Secretary of Agriculture.

Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

Administrator, Federal Highway Administration.

Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Deputy Secretary of Labor.

Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

Independent Members, Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board.

Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Deputy Secretary of the Interior.

Deputy Secretary of Education.

Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget.

Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency.

Deputy Commissioner of Social Security, Social Security Administration.

Administrator of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund.

Deputy Director of National Drug Control Policy.

Members, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

Chief Executive Officer, Millennium Challenge Corporation.

Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence.

Director of the National Counterterrorism Center.

Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Federal Transit Administrator.

Chief Executive Officer, United States International Development Finance Corporation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 460; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(2), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(13), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 90–407, §15(a)(1), July 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §8(b), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1888; Pub. L. 92–255, title II, §212(a), Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 69; Pub. L. 92–302, §2(a), May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §104(1), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 92–596, §6, Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1318; Pub. L. 93–438, title III, §310(1), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1252; Pub. L. 93–496, §16(c), Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1533; Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(2), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 94–237, §4(c)(6), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 244; Pub. L. 94–561, §1(a), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(d), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 95–140, §3(d)(1), Oct. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §201(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2302, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2164; Pub. L. 97–449, §§3(1), 7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2441, 2444; Pub. L. 98–80, §2(a)(1), Aug. 23, 1983, 97 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(a)(1), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 99–348, title V, §501(d)(1), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 99–619, §2(a)(2), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §178(a)(1), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(d), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 100–679, §11(b), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4070; Pub. L. 101–73, title V, §501(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §112(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1454; Pub. L. 101–576, title II, §207(a), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2846; Pub. L. 102–233, title III, §315(b), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, §1351(a), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3969; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(e)(1), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(e)(2), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1486; Pub. L. 103–325, title I, §104(i), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2169; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title VII, §713(a)(2), div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1224(1), title XIII, §1332(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–693, 2681–772, 2681–785; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IX, §911(e), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 719; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title IV, §404(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–96; Pub. L. 106–569, title X, §1002(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3028; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §101(c)(1), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 602; Pub. L. 107–295, title II, §215(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2102; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1702(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title VI, §604(b)(4)(B), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1015(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3664; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(a)(1), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 110–53, title XXIV, §2405(e), Aug. 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 550; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, §1161(g)(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2780; Pub. L. 111–259, title VIII, §807(a), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2749; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §901(m)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3468; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3029(a), title VI, §6011(d)(1)(A), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1496, 1569; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title IX, §901(h), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2342; Pub. L. 115–31, div. N, title III, §312, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §§903(a), 910(d), title X, §1081(b)(1)(C), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1512, 1518, 1597; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title I, §1413(d)(4), div. K, title I, §1904(c)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3489, 3546; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(93)(B), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1554; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §901(a)(2)(B), div. H, title XC, §9001(b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3794, 4766.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2211(b) (less (15)). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(b) (less (15)), 78 Stat. 416. |


The proviso in paragraph (15) of former section 2211(b) is carried into section 5314. The remainder of paragraph (15) is omitted but not repealed, see table III. The part of paragraph (15) that is omitted but not repealed provides that the position of Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall be in Level II of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule so long as the position is held by the incumbent of the position on August 14, 1964. The omission of this provision from title 5, without repealing the corresponding provision of the source statute, in effect leaves existing statute unchanged insofar as it relates to the present incumbent of the position of Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The deletion of paragraph (6) of 5 U.S.C. 5313 reflects the abolition of the position of "Administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency" by the act of September 9, 1965, Public Law 89–174, sections 5(a), 9(c), 79 Stat. 669, 671.

**2021**—Pub. L. 116–283, §9001(b)(1), inserted item relating to Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Pub. L. 116–283, §901(a)(2)(B), repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, §910(d). See 2017 Amendment note below.

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92 struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–254, §1904(c)(1)(A), inserted item relating to Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration.

Pub. L. 115–254, §1413(d)(4), inserted item relating to Chief Executive Officer, United States International Development Finance Corporation.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91, §1081(b)(1)(C), repealed Pub. L. 113–291, §901(m)(1). See 2014 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 115–91, §910(d), which inserted item relating to Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, §901(a)(2)(B).

Pub. L. 115–91, §903(a), amended Pub. L. 114–328, §901(h). See 2016 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 115–31 struck out item relating to Director of the National Counter Proliferation Center.

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–328, §901(h), as amended by Pub. 115–91, §903(a), struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics and inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–94, §6011(d)(1)(A), struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Transportation for Security.

Pub. L. 114–94, §3029(a), inserted item relating to Federal Transit Administrator.

**2014**—Pub. L. 113–291, §901(m)(1), which directed insertion of item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Business Management and Information, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, §1081(b)(1)(C).

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–259 substituted "Director of the Central Intelligence Agency" for "Director of Central Intelligence".

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–289 substituted "Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency" for "Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Department of Housing and Urban Development".

**2007**—Pub. L. 110–53 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Management.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–295 inserted item relating to Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–458 inserted items relating to Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence, Director of the National Counterterrorism Center, and Director of the National Counter Proliferation Center.

Pub. L. 108–199 inserted item relating to Chief Executive Officer, Millennium Challenge Corporation.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–296 inserted item relating to Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security.

Pub. L. 107–295 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Transportation for Policy.

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–71 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Transportation for Security.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–569 struck out item relating to Chairman, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and inserted item relating to Members, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Pub. L. 106–553 inserted item relating to Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology".

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–277, §1332(1), struck out item relating to Director of the United States Information Agency.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1224(1), struck out item relating to Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 105–277, §713(a)(2), inserted item relating to Deputy Director of National Drug Control Policy.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–325 inserted item relating to Administrator of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund.

Pub. L. 103–296 inserted item relating to Deputy Commissioner of Social Security, Social Security Administration.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–160 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–550 inserted item relating to Director of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–233 substituted "Independent Members, Thrift Depositor Protection Oversight Board" for "Independent Members, Oversight Board, Resolution Trust Corporation".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–576 inserted item relating to Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 101–509 inserted items relating to Deputy Secretary of Health and Human Services, Deputy Secretary of the Interior, Deputy Secretary of Education, and Deputy Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–73 inserted item relating to Independent Members, Oversight Board, Resolution Trust Corporation.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–679 inserted item relating to Deputy Director of Office of Management and Budget and struck out item relating to Director of Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 100–527 substituted "Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs" for "Administrator of Veterans' Affairs".

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–204 struck out item relating to Ambassadors at Large.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–619 inserted item relating to Deputy Secretary of Labor.

Pub. L. 99–348 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–216 substituted "Director of the Office of Management and Budget" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–80 inserted item relating to Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency.

Pub. L. 97–449, §3(1), inserted item relating to Administrator, Federal Highway Administration.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465 inserted item relating to Ambassadors at Large.

**1979**—Pars. (1)–(24). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out paragraph designations for positions listed herein.

**1978**—Par. (24). Pub. L. 95–454 added par. (24) relating to Director of Office of Personnel Management.

**1977**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–140 substituted "Deputy Secretary of Defense" for "Deputy Secretaries of Defense (2)".

Par. (22). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Deputy Secretary of Energy" for "Administrator of Energy Research and Development Administration".

**1976**—Par. (21). Pub. L. 94–237 struck out par. (21) relating to Director of Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention.

Par. (23). Pub. L. 94–561 added par. (23) relating to Deputy Secretary of Agriculture.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82 substituted provisions applying level II of Executive Schedule to positions for which annual rate of basic pay shall be rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title, for provisions applying such level II to positions for which annual rate of basic pay is $30,000.

**1974**—Par. (7). Pub. L. 93–496 substituted "Deputy Secretary of Transportation" for "Under Secretary for Transportation".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 93–438 substituted "Chairman, Nuclear Regulatory Commission" for "Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission".

Par. (22). Pub. L. 93–438 added par. (22) relating to Deputy Secretary of Energy.

**1972**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 92–596 substituted "Deputy Secretaries of Defense (2)" for "Deputy Secretary of Defense".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 92–352 substituted "Deputy Secretary of State" for "Under Secretary of State".

Par. (6). Pub. L. 92–302 added par. (6) relating to Deputy Secretary of the Treasury. A prior par. (6), "Administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency," was repealed by Pub. L. 90–83, §1(13), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 198.

Par. (21). Pub. L. 92–255 added par. (21) relating to Director of Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention.

**1971**—Par. (20). Pub. L. 91–644 added par. (20) relating to position of Deputy Attorney General being formerly level III under former section 5314(1) of this title.

**1968**—Par. (19). Pub. L. 90–407 added par. (19) relating to Director of National Science Foundation.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–670 substituted "Under Secretary of Transportation" for "Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency" in item (7), and inserted item (19) relating to Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.

Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(93)(C), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1554, provided that: "This paragraph [amending this section and section 5314 of this title] shall have no force or effect until the next date on which the Congress confirms an individual to serve as the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019] [Under Secretary confirmed on July 22, 2021]."

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §910(d), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1518, which provided that the amendment made by section 910(d) (amending this section) was effective on Feb. 1, 2018, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, §901(a)(2)(B), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3794.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1597, provided that the amendment made by section 1081(b)(1)(C) is effective as of Dec. 23, 2016.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title IX, §901(h), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2341, provided that the amendment made by section 901(h) is effective on Feb. 1, 2018.

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, §1003, Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1322, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided, this division [see Tables for classification], including the amendments made by this division, takes effect on October 1, 2015."

Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3029(c), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1496, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5314 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 2015]."

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §901(m)(1), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3468, which provided that the amendment made by section 901(m)(1) is effective on Feb. 1, 2017, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(1)(C), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1597, effective Dec. 23, 2016.

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–569 effective on the first day of the first pay period for the Chairman and Members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System beginning on or after Dec. 27, 2000, see section 1002(b) of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by section 1224(1) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by section 1332(1) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–233 effective Feb. 1, 1992, see section 318 of Pub. L. 102–233, set out as a note under section 1441 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Nov. 5, 1990, with continued service by incumbent Under Secretary of Health and Human Services, Under Secretary of the Interior, Under Secretary of Education, and Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, see section 529 [title I, §112(e)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 3404 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–679 effective Jan. 20, 1989, see section 11(e) of Pub. L. 100–679, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §178(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1362, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending sections 5313 and 5315 of this title] shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 22, 1987] and shall not affect the salary of any individual holding the rank of Ambassador at Large immediately before the date of enactment of this Act during the period such individual continues to serve in such position."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–619 applicable to incumbent Under Secretary of Labor on Nov. 6, 1986, serving after such date, see section 2(f)(1) of Pub. L. 99–619, set out as a Present Incumbent note under section 552 of Title 29, Labor.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 2(a)(25)(B) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–561, §5, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643, provided that:

"(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, this Act [enacting section 2212b of Title 7, Agriculture, amending sections 5313 to 5316 of this title, sections 2210 and 2211 of Title 7, and section 714g of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2210 of Title 7] shall take effect on its date of enactment [Oct. 19, 1976].

"(b) Subsection (b)(1) of section 3 of this Act [amending section 5316 of this title] shall take effect upon appointment of a Presidential appointee to fill the successor position created by section 2 of this Act [section 2212b of Title 7]."

Amendment of Pub. L. 93–438 effective 120 days after Oct. 11, 1974, or on such earlier date as President may prescribe and publish in Federal Register, except that officers provided for in sections 5811 to 5820 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, may be nominated and appointed at any time after Oct. 11, 1974, see section 312(a) of Pub. L. 93–438, set out as an Effective Date; Interim Appointments note under section 5801 of Title 42.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–302 effective May 18, 1972, see section 3 of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Pub. L. 90–407, §15(a)(4), July 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 367, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending sections 5313, 5314, and 5316 of this title] (and the amendments made by sections 3 and 4 of this Act [amending section 1864 and enacting section 1864a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] insofar as they relate to rates of basic pay) shall take effect on the first day of the first calendar month which begins on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 18, 1968]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective April 1, 1967, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670, and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Transportation Security Administration of the Department of Transportation, including the functions of the Secretary of Transportation, and of the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(2), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §101(c)(2), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 602, as amended by Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1904(c)(1)(B), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3546, provided that: "In addition to the annual rate of pay authorized by section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, the Administrator of the Transportation Security Administration may receive a bonus for any calendar year not to exceed 30 percent of the annual rate of pay, based on the Secretary of Homeland Security's evaluation of the Administrator's performance."

Persons occupying a position under the Executive Schedule on May 18, 1972, and later appointed to a position created or authorized by Pub. L. 92–302, not eligible to an increase on basic pay until Jan. 21, 1973, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice to receive compensation at rate prescribed for level II of Federal Executive Salary Schedule [this section], effective as of day following date on which person holding such office on June 19, 1968, ceases to serve as Director, see section 1101(a) of Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 236, set out as a note under section 532 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

For adjustment of salaries under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For prior year salary increases per the recommendation of the President, see Prior Salary Recommendations notes under section 358 of Title 2, The Congress.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Office of Director of Office of Science and Technology abolished and functions vested by law in such office transferred to Director of the National Science Foundation by sections 2 and 3(a)(5) of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, effective July 1, 1973, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Level III of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:

Solicitor General of the United States.

Under Secretary of Commerce, Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs, Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security, Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism, and Under Secretary of Commerce for Minority Business Development.

Under Secretaries of State (6).

Under Secretaries of the Treasury (3).

Administrator of General Services.

Administrator of the Small Business Administration.

Deputy Administrator, Agency for International Development.

Chairman of the Merit Systems Protection Board.

Chairman, Federal Communications Commission.

Chairman, Board of Directors, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Chairman, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Chairman, Federal Trade Commission.

Chairman, Surface Transportation Board.

Chairman, National Labor Relations Board.

Chairman, Securities and Exchange Commission.

Chairman, National Mediation Board.

Chairman, Railroad Retirement Board.

Chairman, Federal Maritime Commission.

Comptroller of the Currency.

Commissioner of Internal Revenue.

Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.

Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller).

Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.

Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security.

Under Secretary of the Air Force.

Under Secretary of the Army.

Under Secretary of the Navy.

Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Director of the Office of Emergency Planning.

Director of the Peace Corps.

Deputy Director, National Science Foundation.

President of the Export-Import Bank of Washington.

Members, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Members, Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board.

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice.

Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Administrator, Federal Railroad Administration.

Chairman, National Transportation Safety Board.

Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts the incumbent of which also serves as Chairman of the National Council on the Arts.

Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.

Chairman, Postal Regulatory Commission.

Chairman, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.

Governor of the Farm Credit Administration.

Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Chairman, Consumer Product Safety Commission.

Under Secretaries of Energy (3).

Chairman, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Deputy United States Trade Representatives (3).

Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative.

Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative.

Chairman, United States International Trade Commission.

Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, the incumbent of which also serves as Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology, who also serves as Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Associate Attorney General.

Chairman, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.

Chairman, National Credit Union Administration Board.

Deputy Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Natural Resources and Environment.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Food Safety.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs.

Director, Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development.

Administrator, Maritime Administration.

Executive Director Property Review Board.

Deputy Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.

Archivist of the United States.

Executive Director, Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board.

Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics.1

Director, Trade and Development Agency.

Under Secretary for Health, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Under Secretary for Benefits, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Under Secretaries, Department of Homeland Security.

Director of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Director of the Office of Government Ethics.

Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.

Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget.

Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision.

Chairperson of the Federal Housing Finance Board.

Executive Secretary, National Space Council.

Controller, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget.

Administrator, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation.

Deputy Director for Demand Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Deputy Director for Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Deputy Director for State and Local Affairs, Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Register of Copyrights.

Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security.

Under Secretary of Education 2

Administrator of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government.

Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.

Director, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.

Chief Executive Officer, International Clean Energy Foundation.

Independent Member of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (1).

Director of the Office of Financial Research.

Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.

Special Counsel of the Office of Special Counsel.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 460; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(3), (e), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(14), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §215(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §505, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 205, as amended by Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(1), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887; Pub. L. 90–407, §15(a)(2), July 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(26), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §503(1), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(13), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 91–596, §12(c)(1), Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1604; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §§7(1), 8(a), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887, 1888; Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.41(a), formerly §5.27(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 625, as renumbered Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §205(a)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1703; Pub. L. 92–226, pt. IV, §403, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 34; Pub. L. 92–261, §9(a), Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 92–302, §2(b), May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §104(2), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 92–573, §4(h)(1), Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–438, title III, §310(2), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1252; Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §102(a), Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1391; Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §§141(b)(3)(B), 172(c)(1), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 1999, 2010; Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(3), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 94–123, §2(c)(1), Oct. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(17), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 92–255, title II, §209(a), as added Pub. L. 94–237, §4(b), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 243; Pub. L. 94–461, §4(a), Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 94–561, §1(b), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(e), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 95–139, §3, Oct. 19, 1977, 91 Stat. 1171; Pub. L. 95–140, §3(d)(2), Oct. 21, 1977, 91 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 95–164, title III, §302(c)(1), Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1320; Pub. L. 95–426, title I, §114(b)(1), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §§201(b)(2), 202(c)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121, 1131; Pub. L. 95–501, title V, §501(b), Oct. 21, 1978, 92 Stat. 1691; Pub. L. 95–630, title V, §502(d), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3681; Pub. L. 96–53, title IV, §412(a), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 377; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(d), (g), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §808, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1204; Pub. L. 96–355, §3(b), Sept. 24, 1980, 94 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 97–31, §12(1)(A), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 97–63, §4(a)(4), Oct. 16, 1981, 95 Stat. 1014; Pub. L. 97–195, §1(b)(1), June 16, 1982, 96 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §123, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1913; Pub. L. 97–449, §3(2), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2441; Pub. L. 97–456, §3(d)(1), (6), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2505, 2506; Pub. L. 98–80, §2(b)(1), Aug. 23, 1983, 97 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §125(b)(1), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1026; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(a)(2), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 98–443, §9(e), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §609J(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2102; Pub. L. 98–497, title I, §107(h), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2292; Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §116(b), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §116(b), title VII, §704(a)(1), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 412, 445; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §203, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 99–348, title V, §501(d)(2), July 1, 1986, 100 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §§902(b), 903(b)(2)(A)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–132, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §§902(b), 903(b)(2)(A)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–132; Pub. L. 99–619, §2(a)(3), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491; Pub. L. 99–659, title IV, §407(e)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3740; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §§902(b), 903(b)(2)(A), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3911, 3912, as renumbered Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 100–418, title II, §2204(d)(1), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1331; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title XIV, §1441(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 2084; Pub. L. 100–519, title II, §201(d)(4), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2594; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(e), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 100–598, §8, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3035; Pub. L. 100–679, §11(c), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4070; Pub. L. 100–690, title I, §§1003(a)(4)(B), 1007(c)(3), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4182, 4188; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §742(a)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 101–328, §3(b), July 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 308; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §112(d)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1455; Pub. L. 101–576, title II, §207(b), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2846; Pub. L. 102–103, title II, §202, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 102–233, title III, §315(c), Dec. 12, 1991, 105 Stat. 1772; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3004(d)(1), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(28), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 102–405, title III, §302(d), Oct. 9, 1992, 106 Stat. 1985; Pub. L. 102–508, title IV, §401(c), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3310; Pub. L. 102–549, title II, §202(d), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3658; Pub. L. 102–552, title II, §201(b)(1), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4105; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §§901(b), 903(b), 904(e)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1726, 1727, 1729; Pub. L. 103–204, §5(b)(1), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2382; Pub. L. 103–211, title II, §2003(b), Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 24; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(d)(1), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §903(c), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2823; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §§225(e)(2), 231(f)(2), 241(e), 245(e), 251(g), formerly 251(e), 261(c), 285(e), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3214, 3219, 3222, 3223, 3226, 3227, as amended Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title X, §1001(3)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–41, and renumbered Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7511(a)(3), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1259, and Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7511(a)(3), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 2021; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §301(a), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §219(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 184; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §794(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1155; Pub. L. 104–293, title VIII, §812(a), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3482; Pub. L. 105–277, div. C, title VII, §713(a)(3), div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1224(2), subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2305(a)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–693, 2681–772, 2681–825; Pub. L. 105–304, title IV, §401(a)(3), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2887; Pub. L. 105–368, title IV, §403(b)(1), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3338; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IX, §911(b)(2), div. C, title XXXII, §3293(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 718, 969; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §§1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(a)(2)], 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–302, 1501A–581; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §101(d)(1), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 106–476, title II, §2002, Nov. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 2175; Pub. L. 106–569, title X, §1002(a)(3), Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 3028; Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1071(a), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2088; Pub. L. 107–296, title IV, §411(b)(2), title XVII, §1702(a)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2179, 2313; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IX, §901(c), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2620; Pub. L. 108–173, title IX, §900(d)(1), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2370; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §302(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2319; Pub. L. 108–426, §§2(d), 4(f), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2424, 2426; Pub. L. 108–447, div. C, title VI, §603(c)(1), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2967; Pub. L. 109–58, title X, §1006(c)(2), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 932; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, §901(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3397; Pub. L. 109–280, title IV, §411(b), Aug. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 935; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(a)(2), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §942(b), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2365; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 110–69, title III, §3002(c)(1), Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 110–140, title IX, §922(b)(4)(B), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1733; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title IX, §904(a)(3), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title IX, §906(d)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2428; Pub. L. 111–203, title I, §§111(i)(2), 152(j), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1394, 1414; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §423(b)(1), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2728; Pub. L. 111–358, title IV, §403(b)(1)(A), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4000; Pub. L. 113–76, div. L, title I, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §901(m)(2), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3469; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title III, §3029(b), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1496; Pub. L. 114–125, title VI, §609(b), title VIII, §802(d)(1), Feb. 24, 2016, 130 Stat. 190, 210; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §903(b), title X, §1081(b)(1)(C), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1512, 1597; Pub. L. 115–141, div. A, title VII, §772(b), Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title X, §1081(f)(1)(F), title XVII, §1781(c), formerly §1781(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1987, 2238, renumbered §1781(c), Pub. L. 116–6, div. H, title II, §205(a)(1), Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 476; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1470(b)(1), div. K, title I, §1904(c)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3516, 3546; Pub. L. 115–278, §2(h)(3)(A), Nov. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 4183; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §902(93)(A), title XVI, §1621(e)(2)(A), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1554, 1733; Pub. L. 116–260, div. W, title III, §304, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2365; Pub. L. 116–283, div. H, title XC, §9001(b)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4766; Pub. L. 117–58, div. K, §100003(b)(2)(B), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1448; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5304(b)(1)(A), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3251.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(44) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(c) (less (39) and (46)). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(c) (less (39) and (46)), 78 Stat. 416. |

(45) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(b)(15) (proviso). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(b)(15) (proviso), 78 Stat. 416. |


The provisos in paragraphs (39) and (46) of former section 2211(c) are carried into section 5315. The remainders of paragraphs (39) and (46) are omitted but not repealed, see table III. The parts of paragraphs (39) and (46) that are omitted but not repealed provide that the positions of Director of Selective Service and Associate Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall be in Level III so long as the positions are held by the incumbents of the positions on August 14, 1964. The omission of these provisions from title 5, without repealing the corresponding provisions of the source statute, in effect, leaves existing statute unchanged insofar as it relates to the present incumbents of the positions of Director of Selective Service and Associate Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5314(49) | 20: 954(d) (2d sentence). | Sept. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–209, §5(d)(1) (2d sentence), 79 Stat. 847. |

5314(50) | 20:956(b)(1) (2d sentence). | Sept. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–209, §7(b)(1) (2d sentence), 79 Stat. 850. |

5314(51) | 5 App.: 2211(c)(47). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §408(a), 80 Stat. 299. |

5314(52) | 42:3533(a) (as applicable to compensation of Under Secretary). | Sept. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–174, §4(a) (as applicable to compensation of Under Secretary), 79 Stat. 668. |


The deletion of paragraph (41) of 5 U.S.C. 5314 reflects the abolition of the position of "Deputy Administrator of the Housing and Home Finance Agency" by the act of September 9, 1965, Public Law 89–174, sections 5(a), 9(c), 79 Stat. 669, 671.

In paragraph (49), the words "In lieu of receiving compensation at the rate prescribed by section 785(c) of this title" are omitted since the provisions of 20 U.S.C. 785(c) relating to compensation are repealed by this bill; also see table II. The wording further reflects the first sentence of 20 U.S.C. 954(d), and conforms to 5 U.S.C. 5314 which applies to positions rather than individuals.

The position of Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics, referred to in text, was established by former section 133a of Title 10, added Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §902(a)(1)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–131, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §902(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–131; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §902(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3911, renumbered title IX, Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; amended Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §904(c), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1728; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2855; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §903(c)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 401; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title IX, §901, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2617; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title IX, §911(c), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 718; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(b)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title IX, §906(c)(1)(A), (2)(A), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2427, which was repealed by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, §901(b)(1), (p), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4317, 4327, effective Jan. 1, 2011.

Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 identically renumbered section 251(e) of Pub. L. 103–354, cited as a credit to this section, as section 251(g) of that Act. Pub. L. 110–234 was repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

Paragraph designation for the position added by Pub. L. 96–88 has been omitted in view of the deletion of all paragraph designations in this section by Pub. L. 96–54.

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–263 inserted item relating to Special Counsel of the Office of Special Counsel.

**2021**—Pub. L. 117–58 substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism, and Under Secretary of Commerce for Minority Business Development" for "and Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism".

Pub. L. 116–283 struck out item relating to Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

**2020**—Pub. L. 116–260 inserted item relating to Director of the National Reconnaissance Office.

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92, §1621(e)(2)(A), substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security" for "Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence".

Pub. L. 116–92, §902(93)(A), inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

Pub. L. 116–6, §205(a)(1), amended Pub. L. 115–232, §1781(b). See 2018 Amendment note below.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–278 inserted item relating to Director, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Pub. L. 115–254, §1904(c)(2), inserted item relating to Deputy Administrator, Transportation Security Administration.

Pub. L. 115–254, §1470(b)(1), struck out item relating to President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

Pub. L. 115–232, §1781(c), formerly (b), as renumbered by Pub. L. 116–6, §205(a)(1), substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security" for "Under Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration".

Pub. L. 115–232, §1081(f)(1)(F), struck out item relating to Deputy Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense.

Pub. L. 115–141 inserted items relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm Production and Conservation and Under Secretary of Agriculture for Trade and Foreign Agricultural Affairs and struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91, §1081(b)(1)(C), repealed Pub. L. 113–291, §901(m)(2). See 2014 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 115–91, §903(b), inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–125, §802(d)(1), substituted "Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security" for "Commissioner of Customs, Department of Homeland Security".

Pub. L. 114–125, §609(b), inserted items relating to Chief Agricultural Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative and Chief Innovation and Intellectual Property Negotiator, Office of the United States Trade Representative and struck out item relating to Chief Agricultural Negotiator.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–94 struck out item relating to Federal Transit Administrator.

**2014**—Pub. L. 113–291, §901(m)(2), which directed striking out item relating to Deputy Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, §1081(b)(1)(C).

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–358 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology, who also serves as Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–259 substituted "Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency" for "Deputy Directors of Central Intelligence (2)".

Pub. L. 111–203, §152(j), inserted item relating to Director of the Office of Financial Research.

Pub. L. 111–203, §111(i)(2), inserted item relating to Independent Member of the Financial Stability Oversight Council.

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics." for "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology."

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–181 inserted item relating to Deputy Chief Management Officer of the Department of Defense.

**2007**—Pub. L. 110–140 inserted item relating to Chief Executive Officer, International Clean Energy Foundation.

Pub. L. 110–69 struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Chairman, Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Chairman, Postal Rate Commission".

Pub. L. 109–364 struck out item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.

Pub. L. 109–295 inserted item relating to Deputy Administrators, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Pub. L. 109–280 inserted item relating to Director, Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

Pub. L. 109–163, which directed insertion of items relating to Under Secretary of the Air Force, Under Secretary of the Army, and Under Secretary of the Navy after "Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence", was executed by inserting such items after "Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–58 substituted "Under Secretaries of Energy (3)" for "Under Secretaries of Energy (2)".

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–447 struck out item relating to Chairman, Board of Directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

Pub. L. 108–426, §4(f), substituted "Administrator, Research and Innovative Technology Administration" for "Administrator, Research and Special Programs Administration".

Pub. L. 108–426, §2(d), inserted item relating to Administrator, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.

Pub. L. 108–411 inserted item relating to Administrator of the Office of Electronic Government.

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–173 inserted item relating to Administrator of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–314 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.

Pub. L. 107–296, §1702(a)(3), inserted items relating to Under Secretaries, Department of Homeland Security and Director of the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Pub. L. 107–296, §411(b)(2), substituted "Commissioner of Customs, Department of Homeland Security." for "Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury".

Pub. L. 107–110 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Education.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–569 struck out item relating to Members, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Pub. L. 106–476 inserted item relating to Chief Agricultural Negotiator.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–159 inserted item relating to Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(a)], substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office." for "Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks."

Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(a)(2)], inserted item relating to Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury.

Pub. L. 106–65, §3293(a), substituted "Under Secretaries of Energy (2)" for "Under Secretary, Department of Energy".

Pub. L. 106–65, §911(b)(2), inserted item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–368 inserted item relating to Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Pub. L. 105–304 inserted items relating to Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks and Register of Copyrights.

Pub. L. 105–277, §2305(a)(2), substituted "Under Secretaries of State (6)" for "Under Secretaries of State (5)".

Pub. L. 105–277, §1224(2), struck out item relating to Deputy Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 105–277, §713(a)(3), inserted items relating to Deputy Director for Demand Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, Deputy Director for Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, and Deputy Director for State and Local Affairs, Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title X, §1001(3)], added Pub. L. 103–354, §285(e). See 1994 Amendment note below.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–293 substituted "Deputy Directors of Central Intelligence (2)" for "Deputy Director of Central Intelligence".

Pub. L. 104–127 substituted "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Development" for "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Economic and Community Development".

Pub. L. 104–105 struck out item relating to Chairperson, Board of Directors of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "Chairman, Surface Transportation Board" for "Chairman, Interstate Commerce Commission".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–354, §251(g), formerly §251(e), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–246, §7511(a)(3), inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics.

Pub. L. 103–354, §285(e), as added by Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title X, §1001(3)], inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for Marketing and Regulatory Programs.

Pub. L. 103–354, §§225(e)(2), 231(f)(2), 241(e), 245(e), 261(c), substituted "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services" for "Under Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs", inserted items relating to Under Secretaries of Agriculture for Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services; for Natural Resources and Environment; and for Food Safety, and substituted "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Rural Economic and Community Development" for "Under Secretary of Agriculture for Small Community and Rural Development".

Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)" for "Comptroller of the Department of Defense".

Pub. L. 103–236 inserted item relating to Under Secretaries of State (5) and struck out items relating to Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs and Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs and an Under Secretary of State for Coordinating Security Assistance Programs and Under Secretary of State for Management and Counselor of the Department of State.

Pub. L. 103–211 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of the Treasury (3) and struck out items relating to Under Secretary of the Treasury (or Counselor) and Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–204, which directed striking out of "chief executive officer of the Resolution Trust Corporation.", was executed by striking "chief executive officer, Resolution Trust Corporation." to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 103–160 inserted items relating to Comptroller of the Department of Defense and Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness and substituted "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology" for "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–552 inserted item relating to Chairperson, Board of Directors of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation.

Pub. L. 102–549 substituted "Director, Trade and Development Agency" for "Director, Trade and Development Program".

Pub. L. 102–508 inserted item relating to Administrator, Research and Special Programs Administration.

Pub. L. 102–405 substituted "Under Secretary for Health, Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Chief Medical Director, Department of Veterans Affairs" and "Under Secretary for Benefits, Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Chief Benefits Director, Department of Veterans Affairs".

Pub. L. 102–378 struck out each of the items relating to Under Secretary of Education, Under Secretary of Health and Human Services, Under Secretary of the Interior, and Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted "Federal Transit Administrator" for "Urban Mass Transportation Administrator".

Pub. L. 102–233 inserted item relating to chief executive officer, Resolution Trust Corporation.

Pub. L. 102–103 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Education.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–576 inserted item relating to Controller, Office of Federal Financial Management, Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 101–509 directed the amendment of this section by striking the following:

"Under Secretary of Health and Human Services.

"Under Secretary of the Interior.

"Under Secretary of Education.

"Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development."

Section did not contain the positions in the order referred to in Pub. L. 101–509. See 1992 Amendment note above for Pub. L. 102–378.

Pub. L. 101–328 inserted item relating to Executive Secretary, National Space Council.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–73 inserted items relating to Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision and Chairperson of the Federal Housing Finance Board, and struck out item relating to Chairman of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–690, §1007(c)(3), struck out item relating to Director of Office of Drug Abuse Policy.

Pub. L. 100–690, §§1003(a)(4)(B), 1009, temporarily inserted items relating to Deputy Director for Demand Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy, and Deputy Director for Supply Reduction, Office of National Drug Control Policy. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendments note below.

Pub. L. 100–679 inserted items relating to Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy and to Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, and struck out item relating to Deputy Director of Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 100–598 inserted item relating to Director of Office of Government Ethics.

Pub. L. 100–527 inserted items relating to Chief Medical Director, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Chief Benefits Director, Department of Veterans Affairs, and struck out item relating to Deputy Administrator of Veterans' Affairs.

Pub. L. 100–519 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology.

Pub. L. 100–456 inserted item relating to Members, Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board after item relating to Members, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Pub. L. 100–418 inserted item relating to Director, Trade and Development Program.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–659 substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, the incumbent of which also serves as Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" for "Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration".

Pub. L. 99–619 struck out item relating to Under Secretary of Labor.

Pub. L. 99–500, Pub. L. 99–591, and Pub. L. 99–661, amended section identically, inserting item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and striking out item relating to Director of Defense Research and Engineering.

Pub. L. 99–348 substituted "Under Secretary of Defense for Policy" for "Under Secretaries of Defense (2)" and inserted item relating to Director of Defense Research and Engineering.

Pub. L. 99–335 inserted item relating to Executive Director, Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–93, §116(b), substituted "Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs" for "Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs".

Pub. L. 99–93, §704(a)(1), inserted item relating to Deputy Director of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 99–64 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–497 inserted item relating to Archivist of United States.

Pub. L. 98–473 struck out item relating to Director of Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics.

Pub. L. 98–443 struck out item relating to Chairman of Civil Aeronautics Board.

Pub. L. 98–216 substituted "Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget" for "Deputy Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–164 inserted item relating to Counselor of Department of State.

Pub. L. 98–80 inserted item relating to Deputy Administrator of Environmental Protection Agency.

Pub. L. 97–456, §3(d)(6), substituted "Deputy United States Trade Representatives (3)" for "Deputy Special Representatives for Trade Negotiations (2)".

Pub. L. 97–449 substituted "Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration" for "Administrator, Federal Highway Administration".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–377 inserted item relating to Executive Director of Property Review Board.

Pub. L. 97–195 substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce, Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs, and Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism" for "Under Secretary of Commerce and Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism".

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–63 substituted "Under Secretary of Commerce and Under Secretary of Commerce for Travel and Tourism" for "Under Secretary of Commerce".

Pub. L. 97–31 inserted item relating to Administrator, Maritime Administration.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–355 inserted item relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for Small Community and Rural Development.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–157 inserted item relating to Director, Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics, and struck out item relating to Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

Pub. L. 96–88, §508(g), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in item relating to Under Secretary of Health and Human Services.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 96–88, §508(d), added par. (5) relating to Under Secretary of Education. See Codification note above.

Pars. (1) to (70). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out paragraph designations for positions listed herein.

Par. (70). Pub. L. 96–53 added par. (70) relating to Director, Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

**1978**—Par. (9). Pub. L. 95–426 inserted "and Under Secretary of State for Management".

Par. (17). Pub. L. 95–454, §202(c)(1), substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "United States Civil Service Commission".

Par. (66). Pub. L. 95–630 added par. (66) relating to Chairman, National Credit Union Administration Board.

Par. (68). Pub. L. 95–454, §201(b)(2), added par. (68) relating to Deputy Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Par. (69). Pub. L. 95–501 added par. (69) relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture for International Affairs and Commodity Programs.

**1977**—Par. (21). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission" for "Federal Power Commission".

Par. (32). Pub. L. 95–140 substituted "Under Secretaries of Defense (2)" for "Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense".

Par. (60). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Under Secretary, Department of Energy" for "Deputy Administrator, Energy Research and Development Administration".

Par. (66). Pub. L. 95–164 added par. (66) relating to Chairman, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.

Pub. L. 95–139 added par. (66) relating to Associate Attorney General.

**1976**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 94–561 repealed par. (3) relating to Under Secretary of Agriculture.

Par. (64). Pub. L. 94–237 added par. (64) relating to Director of Office of Drug Abuse Policy.

Par. (65). Pub. L. 94–461 added par. (65) relating to Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82 substituted provisions applying level III of Executive Schedule to positions for which annual rate of basic pay shall be rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title, for provisions applying such level III to positions for which annual rate of basic pay is $29,500.

Par. (38). Pub. L. 94–123 repealed par. (38) relating to Chief Medical Director in Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration.

Par. (54). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (55), relating to Chairman, Postal Rate Commission, as par. (54).

Pars. (56), (57). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (57) relating to Chairman, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, and par. (58) relating to Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, as pars. (56) and (57), respectively.

Par. (60). Pub. L. 93–618, §141(b)(3)(B), added par. (60) relating to Deputy Special Representative for Trade Negotiations. For renumbering by Pub. L. 94–183, see item relating to par. (62) hereunder.

Par. (61). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (60), relating to Chairman, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, as par. (61).

Pub. L. 93–618, §172(c)(1), added par. (61). For renumbering by Pub. L. 94–183, see item relating to par. (63) hereunder.

Pars. (62), (63). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (60) relating to Deputy Special Representatives for Trade Negotiations, and par. (61) relating to Chairman, United States International Trade Commission, as pars. (62) and (63), respectively.

**1974**—Par. (42). Pub. L. 93–438 substituted "Members, Nuclear Regulatory Commission" for "Members, Atomic Energy Commission".

Par. (60). Pub. L. 93–463 added par. (60) relating to Chairman, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Pub. L. 93–438 added par. (60) relating to Deputy Administrator, Energy Research and Development Administration.

**1973**—Par. (55). Pub. L. 93–83 reenacted par. (55) relating to Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

**1972**—Par. (9). Pub. L. 92–352 substituted "and" for "or", after "Political Affairs".

Pub. L. 92–226 included position of an Under Secretary of State for Coordinating Security Assistance Programs.

Par. (10). Pub. L. 92–302 substituted "Under Secretary of the Treasury (or Counselor)" for "Under Secretary of the Treasury".

Par. (58). Pub. L. 92–261 added par. (58) relating to Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Par. (59). Pub. L. 92–573 added par. (59) relating to Chairman, Consumer Product Safety Commission.

**1971**—Pars. (1) to (54). Pub. L. 91–644, §8(a), struck out par. (1) relating to Deputy Attorney General, now a level II position under section 5313 of this title, renumbered pars. (2) through (54) as (1) through (53), respectively.

Par. (55). Pub. L. 91–644, §7(1), in amending section 505 of Pub. L. 90–351, renumbered par. (90) "Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance" of section 5315 of this title as par. (55) of this section.

Par. (58). Pub. L. 92–181 added par. (58) relating to Governor of Farm Credit Administration.

**1970**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(13)(A), struck out par. (3) relating to Deputy Postmaster General.

Par. (55). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(13)(B), added par. (55) relating to Chairman, Postal Rate Commission.

Par. (57). Pub. L. 91–596 added par. (57) relating to Chairman, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.

**1969**—Par. (54). Pub. L. 91–175 added par. (54) relating to President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

**1968**—Par. (40). Pub. L. 90–407 substituted "Deputy Director, National Science Foundation" for "Director of the National Science Foundation".

Par. (53). Pub. L. 90–623 added par. (53) relating to Urban Mass Transportation Administrator.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206 increased annual rate of basic pay from $28,500 to $29,500.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–670 added pars. (46) to (48), relating to Administrator of Federal Highway Administration, Administrator of the Federal Railroad Administration, and Chairman of National Transportation Safety Board, respectively, and repealed par. (6) which provided for Under Secretary of Commerce for Transportation, subject to the provisions of section 1657 of former Title 49, Transportation.

"Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology of the Department of Transportation" substituted for "Research and Innovative Technology Administration" in text on authority of title I of div. L of Pub. L. 113–76, set out in part as a note under former section 112 of Title 49, Transportation.

"Export-Import Bank of Washington", referred to in text, was changed to "Export-Import Bank of the United States" in the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, section 635 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking, as provided for in section 1(a) of Pub. L. 90–267, Mar. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 47.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5304(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3251, provided that: "The rate of pay applied under the amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section and section 5315 of this title] shall begin to apply on the first day of the first pay period beginning after [the] date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022]."

Amendment by section 902(93)(A) of Pub. L. 116–92 not effective until the next date on which Congress confirms an individual to serve as the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering after Dec. 20, 2019 (July 22, 2021), see section 902(93)(C) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by section 1470(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1597, provided that the amendment made by section 1081(b)(1)(C) is effective as of Dec. 23, 2016.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §903(b), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1512, provided that the amendment made by section 903(b) is effective on Feb. 1, 2018.

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after Dec. 4, 2015, see section 3029(c) of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §901(m)(2), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3469, which provided that the amendment made by section 901(m)(2) is effective on Feb. 1, 2017, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(b)(1)(C), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1597, effective Dec. 23, 2016.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–259 applicable on the earlier of (1) the date of the appointment by the President of an individual to serve as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pursuant to section 3037 of Title 50, War and National Defense, as added by section 423(a) of Pub. L. 111–259, with certain exceptions; or (2) the date of the cessation of the performance of the duties of the Deputy Director of the CIA by the individual administratively performing such duties as of Oct. 7, 2010, see section 423(c) of Pub. L. 111–259, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3037 of Title 50.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective 1 day after July 21, 2010, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5301 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §942(c), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2365, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5315 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 2006], and shall apply with respect to individuals appointed as Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness on or after that date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–447 effective on the later of the date on which at least three persons nominated under section 604(a) of Pub. L. 108–447 take office or May 18, 2005, see section 604(b) of Pub. L. 108–447, set out as an Appointments; Effective Date; Transition note under section 831a of Title 16, Conservation.

Pub. L. 108–173, title IX, §900(d)(3), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2370, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 5315 of this title] take effect on January 1, 2004."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 107–110, title X, §1071(b), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 2088, provided that: "This section [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 2002]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–569 effective on the first day of the first pay period for the Chairman and Members of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System beginning on or after Dec. 27, 2000, see section 1002(b) of Pub. L. 106–569, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–159 effective Jan. 1, 2000, see section 107(a) of Pub. L. 106–159, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–302, provided that: "The amendment made by this subsection [probably means this section, amending this section and section 5315 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 2000."

Amendment by section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(a)] of Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Amendment by section 3293(a) of Pub. L. 106–65 effective Mar. 1, 2000, see section 3299 of Pub. L. 106–65, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2401 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by section 1224(2) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with respect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of State when executive orders, regulations, or departmental directives implementing the amendments by sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective, or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier, see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out as a note under section 2651a of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–552 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 201(c)(1) of Pub. L. 102–552, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment; Transitional Provision note under section 2277a–2 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(10) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–233 effective Feb. 1, 1992, see section 318 of Pub. L. 102–233, set out as a note under section 1441 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–103 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Aug. 17, 1991, see section 203 of Pub. L. 102–103, set out as a note under section 3412 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Nov. 5, 1990, with continued service by incumbent Under Secretary of Health and Human Services, Under Secretary of the Interior, Under Secretary of Education, and Under Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, see section 529 [title I, §112(e)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 3404 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 101–328, §6, July 8, 1990, 104 Stat. 309, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2471 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] are effective as of October 1, 1989."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Jan. 21, 1989, and amendment by section 1003(a)(4)(B) of Pub. L. 100–690 repealed on Sept. 30, 1997, see sections 1012 and 1009, respectively, of Pub. L. 100–690.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–679 effective Jan. 20, 1989, see section 11(e) of Pub. L. 100–679, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–598, §10, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3035, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §116(d), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 153, as amended by Pub. L. 99–441, §5, Oct. 3, 1986, 100 Stat. 1118, provided that: "The provisions of [former] section 15(a) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 [former 50 U.S.C. 4617(a)], as amended by subsection (a) of this section, and the amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) of this section [amending sections 5314 and 5315 of this title] shall take effect on October 1, 1987."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98–497, set out as a note under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by section 609J of Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Pub. L. 98–443, §9(v), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1709, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 5314 and 5315 of this title, sections 1622 and 2145 of Title 7, Agriculture, sections 4746 and 9746 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 18, 21, 1607, 1681s, 1691c, and 1692l of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 18b of Title 16, Conservation, sections 47 and 7701 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 3726 of Title 31, Money and Finance, sections 3401, 5005, 5401, and 5402 of Title 39, Postal Service, section 3502 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and sections 1159a, 1159b, 1301, 1305, 1377, 1382, 1388, 1389, and 1537 of former Title 49, Transportation] shall take effect on January 1, 1985."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–63 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 6 of Pub. L. 97–63, set out as a note under section 2121 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–355 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10 of Pub. L. 96–355, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2204b of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–88 effective May 4, 1980, with specified exceptions, see section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 2(a)(25)(B) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 509 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 1752 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 114(c) of Pub. L. 95–426 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending sections 5314 and 5315 of this title and section 2652 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 2652 of Title 22] shall take effect on October 1, 1978."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–164 effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, except as otherwise provided, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as a note under section 801 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining.

Section 6(a), formerly section 6(a)(1), of Pub. L. 94–123, as renumbered Pub. L. 96–330, title I, §101, Aug. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1030, provided that: "The amendments made by section 2 of this Act [enacting former section 4118 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, amending this section, section 5315 of this title, and former section 4107 of Title 38, and enacting provisions set out as notes under former section 4118 of Title 38] shall become effective on October 12, 1975."

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–463 effective Oct. 23, 1974, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–438 effective 120 days after Oct. 11, 1974, or on such earlier date as President may prescribe and publish in Federal Register, except that officers provided for in sections 5811 to 5820 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, may be nominated and appointed at any time after Oct. 11, 1974, see section 312(a) of Pub. L. 93–438, set out as an Effective Date; Interim Appointments note under section 5801 of Title 42.

Offices and salaries modified under amendment by Pub. L. 93–83, prospectively only, effective on and after Aug. 6, 1973, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–83, Aug. 6, 1973, 83 Stat. 218.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–302 effective May 18, 1972, see section 3 of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–407 effective on first day of first calendar month which begins on or after July 18, 1968, see section 15 (a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–407, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective at beginning of first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 603 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967 as prescribed by President and published in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1904(c)(3), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3546, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (2) of this subsection [amending this section] shall not affect the salary of an individual who is performing the duties of the Deputy Administrator on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 2018], even if that individual is subsequently appointed as Deputy Administrator."

Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §116(e), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 153, provided that: "Any new spending authority (within the meaning of section 401 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651]) which is provided under this section [amending this section, section 5315 of this title, and former section 4617 of Title 50, War and National Defense] shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent or in such amounts as are provided in appropriation Acts."

Persons occupying a position under the Executive Schedule on May 18, 1972, and later appointed to a position created or authorized by Pub. L. 92–302, not eligible to an increase in basic pay until Jan. 21, 1973, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice to receive compensation at rate prescribed for level II of Federal Executive Salary Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5313), effective as of day following date on which person holding such office on June 19, 1968, ceases to serve as Director, see section 1101(a) of Pub. L. 90–351, set out as a note under section 532 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Position of Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation, referred to in text, placed temporarily in level II during incumbency of incumbent on Aug. 14, 1964, by Pub. L. 88–426, Aug. 14, 1964, §303(b)(15), 78 Stat. 416.

Section 1101(a) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (Pub. L. 90–351, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 236), which is set out as a note under section 532 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, provided in part that when present incumbent of position of Director leaves office, his successors will be paid at rate prescribed for level II.

For adjustment of salaries under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For prior year salary increases per the recommendation of the President, see Prior Salary Recommendations notes under section 358 of Title 2, The Congress.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Office of Emergency Preparedness, including offices of Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Directors, and Regional Directors, abolished and functions vested by law in Office of Emergency Preparedness or Director of Office of Emergency Preparedness transferred to President by sections 1 and 3(a)(1) of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, effective July 1, 1973, set out in the Appendix to this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

Level IV of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:

Deputy Administrator of General Services.

Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Assistant Administrators, Agency for International Development (6).

Regional Assistant Administrators, Agency for International Development (4).

Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture (3).

Assistant Secretaries of Commerce (11).

Assistant Secretaries of Defense (19).

Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force (5).

Assistant Secretaries of the Army (5).

Assistant Secretaries of the Navy (4).

Assistant Secretaries of Health and Human Services (6).

Assistant Secretaries of the Interior (6).

Assistant Attorneys General (11).

Assistant Secretaries of Labor (10), one of whom shall be the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment and Training.

Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor.

Assistant Secretaries of State (24) and 4 other State Department officials to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury (10).

Members, United States International Trade Commission (5).

Assistant Secretaries of Education (10).

General Counsel, Department of Education.

Director of Civil Defense, Department of the Army.

Deputy Director of the Office of Emergency Planning.

Deputy Director of the Office of Science and Technology.

Deputy Director of the Peace Corps.

Assistant Directors of the Office of Management and Budget (3).

General Counsel of the Department of Agriculture.

General Counsel of the Department of Commerce.

General Counsel of the Department of Defense.

General Counsel of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Solicitor of the Department of the Interior.

Solicitor of the Department of Labor.

General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board.

General Counsel of the Department of the Treasury.

First Vice President of the Export-Import Bank of Washington.

Members, Council of Economic Advisers.

Members, Board of Directors of the Export-Import Bank of Washington.

Members, Federal Communications Commission.

Member, Board of Directors of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Directors, Federal Housing Finance Board.

Members, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Members, Federal Trade Commission.

Members, Surface Transportation Board.

Members, National Labor Relations Board.

Members, Securities and Exchange Commission.

Members, Merit Systems Protection Board.

Members, Federal Maritime Commission.

Members, National Mediation Board.

Members, Railroad Retirement Board.

Director of Selective Service.

Associate Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice.

Members, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (4).

Director, Community Relations Service.

Members, National Transportation Safety Board.

General Counsel, Department of Transportation.

Deputy Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.

Assistant Secretaries of Transportation (5).

Deputy Federal Highway Administrator.

Administrator of the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.

Assistant Secretary for Science, Smithsonian Institution.

Assistant Secretary for History and Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Deputy Administrator of the Small Business Administration.

Assistant Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development (8).

General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Commissioner of Interama.

Federal Insurance Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Members, National Credit Union Administration Board (2).

Members, Postal Regulatory Commission (4).

Members, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.

Deputy Under Secretaries of the Treasury (or Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury) (2).

Members, Consumer Product Safety Commission (4).

Members, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Director of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Executive Director for Operations, Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

President, Government National Mortgage Association, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, the incumbent of which also serves as Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Director, Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice.

Assistant Secretaries of Energy (8).

General Counsel of the Department of Energy.

Administrator, Economic Regulatory Administration, Department of Energy.

Administrator, Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy.

Director, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Department of Energy.

Director, Office of Science, Department of Energy.

Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health.

Members, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission.

President, National Consumer Cooperative Bank.

Chairman, Federal Labor Relations Authority.

Assistant Secretaries, Department of Homeland Security.

Assistant Director for Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Assistant Director for Infrastructure Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

General Counsel, Department of Homeland Security.

Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Department of Homeland Security.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Homeland Security.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Homeland Security.

Deputy Director, Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

Director of the National Institute of Justice.

Director of the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration.

Assistant Administrator for Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency.

Assistant Administrator, Office of Solid Waste, Environmental Protection Agency.

Assistant Administrators, Environmental Protection Agency (8).

Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, Department of Defense.

Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Department of Defense.

Special Representatives of the President for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, Department of State.

Ambassadors at Large.

Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Director General of the United States and Foreign Commercial Service.

Assistant Secretaries, Department of Veterans Affairs (7).

General Counsel, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services 1

Chairman, Board of Veterans' Appeals.

Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Director, United States Marshals Service.

Chairman, United States Parole Commission.

Director, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.

Director of the Institute of Museum and Library Services.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Agriculture.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Commerce.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Education.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Energy.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Health and Human Services.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of the Interior.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Justice.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Labor.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of State.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Transportation.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of the Treasury.

Chief Financial Officer, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Chief Financial Officer, Environmental Protection Agency.

Chief Financial Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Commissioner, Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation.

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller).

Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security.

General Counsel of the Department of the Army.

General Counsel of the Department of the Navy.

General Counsel of the Department of the Air Force.

Liaison for Community and Junior Colleges, Department of Education.

Director of the Office of Educational Technology.

Director of the International Broadcasting Bureau.

The 2 Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Agriculture.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Commerce.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Defense (unless the official designated as the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense is an official listed under section 5312, 5313, or 5314 of this title).

Chief Information Officer, Department of Education.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Energy.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Health and Human Services.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Chief Information Officer, Department of the Interior.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Justice.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Labor.

Chief Information Officer, Department of State.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Transportation.

Chief Information Officer, Department of the Treasury.

Chief Information Officer, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Chief Information Officer, Environmental Protection Agency.

Chief Information Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Chief Information Officer, Agency for International Development.

Chief Information Officer, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Chief Information Officer, General Services Administration.

Chief Information Officer, National Science Foundation.

Chief Information Officer, Nuclear Regulatory Agency.

Chief Information Officer, Office of Personnel Management.

Chief Information Officer, Small Business Administration.

General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency.

Principal Deputy Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration.

Additional Deputy Administrators of the National Nuclear Security Administration (3), but if the Deputy Administrator for Naval Reactors is an officer of the Navy on active duty, (2).

Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Deputy Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

General Counsel of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

Chief Medical Officer, Department of Homeland Security.

Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(4), (e), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 89–734, §1(1), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 89–779, §8(c)(1), Nov. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(15), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §215(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §505, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1105(b), title XVII, §1708(b), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 567, 606; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(4), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 91–121, title IV, §404(b), Nov. 19, 1969, 83 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §503(2), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 91–206, §5(b), Mar. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 51; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(14), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 91–469, §42(b), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1038; Pub. L. 91–477, §3(b), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1072; Pub. L. 91–596, §§12(c)(2), 29(b), Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1604, 1619; Pub. L. 91–611, title II, §211(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1829; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7 (1), (2), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887; Pub. L. 92–22, §2, June 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 92–181, title V, §5.41(a), formerly §5.27(a), Dec. 10, 1971, 85 Stat. 625, renumbered Pub. L. 99–205, title II, §205(a)(2), Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1703; Pub. L. 92–215, §2, Dec. 22, 1971, 85 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 92–255, title II, §212(b), Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 69; Pub. L. 92–261, §9(b), Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 92–302, §2(c), May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §104(3), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 92–419, title VI, §604(b), Aug. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 676; Pub. L. 92–573, §4(h)(2), Oct. 27, 1972, 86 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §404(b), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1488; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §506(a), as added Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–126, §9(b), as added Pub. L. 93–312, §9, June 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 238; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §818(c), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 93–400, §13, Aug. 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 799; Pub. L. 93–438, title III, §310(3), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §102(b), Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1391; Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §172(c)(2), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2010; Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(4), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 94–123, §2(c)(2), Oct. 22, 1975, 89 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(18), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 92–255, title II, §209(b), as added Pub. L. 94–237, §4(b), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 243; Pub. L. 94–375, §17(c), Aug. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1077; Pub. L. 94–461, §4(b), Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 94–503, title II, §202(b), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2426; Pub. L. 94–561, §3(a), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 95–88, title I, §124(b), Aug. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(f), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 95–105, title I, §109(d), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 95–108, §2(b), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 871; Pub. L. 95–164, title III, §302(b), Nov. 9, 1977, 91 Stat. 1319; Pub. L. 95–173, §9(b), Nov. 12, 1977, 91 Stat. 1360; Pub. L. 95–351, title III, §302, Aug. 20, 1978, 92 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 95–426, title I, §§114(b)(2), 115(b)(1), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 95–452, §10(a), Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §§202(c)(2), (3), title VII, §703(d), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1131, 1217; Pub. L. 95–630, title V, §502(e), Nov. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 3681; Pub. L. 96–39, title XI, §1106(c)(4), July 26, 1979, 93 Stat. 312; Pub. L. 96–53, title IV, §412(b), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 377; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(e), (g), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, §820(e)(1), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 819; Pub. L. 96–132, §5, Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 96–153, title VI, §603(b), Dec. 21, 1979, 93 Stat. 1138; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §809, as added Pub. L. 96–157, §2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1204; Pub. L. 96–302, title IV, §403, July 2, 1980, 94 Stat. 850; Pub. L. 96–511, §4(d), Dec. 11, 1980, 94 Stat. 2826; Pub. L. 97–31, §12(1)(B), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 97–35, title III, §396(h)(4), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 97–98, title XIV, §1414(b), Dec. 22, 1981, 95 Stat. 1303; Pub. L. 97–195, §1(b)(2), June 16, 1982, 96 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 97–252, title XI, §1117(d), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 753; Pub. L. 97–325, §8(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 97–449, §3(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2441; Pub. L. 98–80, §2(c)(1), Aug. 23, 1983, 97 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §§1211(b), 1212(d), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 686, 687; Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §125(b)(2), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1026; Pub. L. 98–202, §6(b), Dec. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 1382; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(a)(3), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title III, §2332(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1089; Pub. L. 98–443, §9(e), Oct. 4, 1984, 98 Stat. 1707; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §§609J(b), 1701(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2102, 2185; Pub. L. 98–594, §1(b), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 3129; Pub. L. 99–64, title I, §116(c), July 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 99–73, §6(b)(1), July 29, 1985, 99 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 99–93, title I, §115(b), title VII, §704(a)(2), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 411, 445; Pub. L. 99–399, title I, §104(c), title IV, §§412(c), 413(e), formerly 413(a)(5), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 856, 867, 868, as renumbered Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §134(b), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1344; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(c) [title X, §903(b)(2)(B)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–82, 1783–132, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(c) [title X, §903(b)(2)(B)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–82, 3341–132; Pub. L. 99–619, §2(b)(2), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491; Pub. L. 99–659, title IV, §407(e)(2), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3740; Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title IX, formerly title IV, §903(b)(2)(B), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3912, as renumbered Pub. L. 100–26, §3(5), Apr. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 273; Pub. L. 100–204, title I, §178(a)(2), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1362; Pub. L. 100–297, title III, §3001(b)(2), Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 331; Pub. L. 100–418, title II, §2301(i), formerly §2301(h), title V, §5112(c)(2), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1341, 1431, as renumbered Pub. L. 102–429, title II, §203(b)(1), Oct. 21, 1992, 106 Stat. 2201; Pub. L. 100–485, title VI, §603(b), Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2409; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §103(a), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2521; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(f), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 100–607, title V, §503(b)(2), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3121; Pub. L. 100–679, §11(d), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4070; Pub. L. 100–687, div. A, title II, §201(b)(1), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4109; Pub. L. 100–690, title I, §§1003(a)(4)(C), 1007(c)(4), title VII, §§7252(b)(3), 7608(e), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4182, 4188, 4436, 4517; Pub. L. 101–73, title V, §501(b)(2)(A), title VII, §742(a)(2), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 393, 436; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, §1112, Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1554; Pub. L. 101–319, §3(a), July 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 290; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §113(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1455; Pub. L. 101–512, title III, §318 [title II, §202(a)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1960, 1975; Pub. L. 101–576, title II, §207(c), Nov. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 2846; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §122(d)(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 659; Pub. L. 102–180, §3(g), Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 102–183, title IV, §404, Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1267; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §§901(b), 903(a)(1), div. C, title XXXV, §3504(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1450, 1451, 1586; Pub. L. 102–325, title XV, §1553(b), July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 102–359, §2(b)(1), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 962; Pub. L. 102–552, title II, §201(b)(2), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4105; Pub. L. 103–123, title I, §108(a)(2), Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1234; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, §§902(a)(2), 903(c)(2), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1727, 1728; Pub. L. 103–171, §3(b)(1), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1991; Pub. L. 103–204, §23(b), Dec. 17, 1993, 107 Stat. 2408; Pub. L. 103–227, title II, §233(b), Mar. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 155; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §162(d)(2), title III, §307(b)(2), title VII, §708(b), Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 405, 436, 494; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(b)(2), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §§106(a)(7)(B), 108(e)(3), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1476, 1486; Pub. L. 103–333, title I, §106, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2548; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §901(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2822; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §§218(d), 232(b)(2), formerly 232(b)(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3212, 3219, as renumbered Pub. L. 112–166, §2(a)(2)(C), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1283; Pub. L. 104–88, title III, §301(b), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 104–105, title II, §219(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 184; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §902(b), div. E, title LI, §5125(e), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 401, 686; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, §723(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title VII, §709(b)(1)], (f) [title VI, §662(c)(1)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–313, 3009–314, 3009–380; Pub. L. 104–293, title VIII, §§812(b), 813(c), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3482, 3483; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(e)(1), div. C, title XXXV, §3550(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1906, 2074; Pub. L. 105–245, title III, §309(b)(2)(A), Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1853; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title IX, §901(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2091; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(a) [title X, §1003], div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1224(3), title XIII, §§1314(c), 1332(2), subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2305(b)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681, 2681–42, 2681–772, 2681–776, 2681–785, 2681–825; Pub. L. 105–368, title IV, §403(b)(2), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3338; Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXII, §§3293(b), 3294(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 969, 970; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §§1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(a)(1)], 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–302, 1501A–581; Pub. L. 106–422, §1(c), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1872; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, §901(b), (c)(2), div. C, title XXXI, §3141(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1194, 1370; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, §6201(d)(1), title X, §10704(b), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 419, 518; Pub. L. 107–189, §22(b), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §404(b), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1985; Pub. L. 107–287, §5(d), Nov. 7, 2002, 116 Stat. 2030; Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1702(a)(4), (5), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IX, §902(d), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2621; Pub. L. 108–173, title IX, §900(d)(2), Dec. 8, 2003, 117 Stat. 2370; Pub. L. 108–177, title I, §105(d)(3), Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2604; Pub. L. 108–447, div. C, title VI, §603(c)(2), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2967; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1015(c), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3664; Pub. L. 109–58, title V, §502(b)(2), title X, §1006(c)(3), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 764, 932; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title IX, §901(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3397; Pub. L. 109–177, title V, §506(a)(3), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 247; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(a)(3), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, §§901(b), 942(a), Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2350, 2365; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 110–49, §11(b), July 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 260; Pub. L. 110–343, div. A, title I, §101(a)(3)(B)(i), Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3767; Pub. L. 110–409, §4(a)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4303; Pub. L. 111–11, title XIII, §13004(b), Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1449; Pub. L. 111–23, title I, §101(a)(3), May 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1706; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title IX, §906(d)(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2428; Pub. L. 111–259, title VIII, §807(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2749; Pub. L. 111–358, title IV, §403(b)(1)(B), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 4000; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, §901(n)(1), (2)(A), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4326, 4327; Pub. L. 112–87, title IV, §404, Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1888; Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title I, §111(a), Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §901(m)(3), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3469; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6011(d)(1)(B), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1570; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title IX, §906(e), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1513; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1470(b)(2), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3516; Pub. L. 115–278, §2(h)(3)(B), Nov. 16, 2018, 132 Stat. 4183; Pub. L. 115–334, title XII, §12408(a)(2), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4977; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title IX, §956(b)(2), title XVI, §1621(e)(2)(B), div. E, title LXIV, §6403, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1566, 1733, 2196; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title V, §512(c)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2756; Pub. L. 117–103, div. X, title IV, §405, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 976; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title IX, §901(b)(2), div. E, title LIII, §5304(b)(1)(B), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2747, 3251.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(69) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(d). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(d), 78 Stat. 417. |

(70), (71) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(c)(39) (proviso), (46) (proviso). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(c)(39) (proviso), (46) (proviso), 78 Stat. 417. |

(72)–(77) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(g). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(g), 78 Stat. 422. |


Paragraphs (72)–(77) are added on authority of former section 2211(g) which authorized the President to place, from Aug. 15, 1964, to Feb. 1, 1965, not more than 30 positions in Levels IV and V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule. Pursuant to this authority, the President by Executive Order No. 11189, Nov. 23, 1964, as amended by Executive Order No. 11195, Jan. 30, 1965, placed the positions listed in paragraphs (72)–(77) in Level IV.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5315(12) | 5 App.: 2211(d)(12). | Aug. 26, 1965, Pub. L. 89–136, §601(b), 79 Stat. 569. |

5315(17) | 5 App.: 2211(d)(17). | Aug. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–115, §4(c) (words before semicolon), 79 Stat. 449. Oct. 2, 1965, Pub. L. 89–234, §1(b) (last sentence), 79 Stat. 903. |

[Uncodified]. | 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §5(a), eff. May 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 1609. | |

5315(18) | [Uncodified]. | 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §2 (last 20 words), eff. May 10, 1966, 80 Stat. 1609. |

5315(21) | 5 App.: 2211(d)(21). | July 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–492, §3, 80 Stat. 262. |

5315(30) | 5 App.: 2211(d)(30). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §408(b), 80 Stat. 299. |

5315(87), (88). | 42: 3533(a) (as applicable to compensation of four Assistant Secretaries and General Counsel). | Sept. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–174, §4(a) (as applicable to compensation of four Assistant Secretaries and General Counsel), 79 Stat. 668. |

5315(89) | 22: 2083(a) (1st sentence, less 1st 20 words). | Feb. 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–355, §3(a) (1st sentence, less 1st 20 words), 80 Stat. 6. |


The deletion of paragraphs (25)–(28) of 5 U.S.C. 5315 reflects the abolition of the positions of "Commissioner, Community Facilities Administration", "Commissioner, Federal Housing Administration", "Commissioner, Public Housing Administration", and "Commissioner, Urban Renewal Administration" by the act of September 9, 1965, Public Law 89–174, sections 5(a), 9(c), 79 Stat. 669, 671.

The redesignation of paragraphs (78) and (79), added by Public Law 89–734, and of paragraph (78), added by Public Law 89–779, as paragraphs "(84)", "(85)", and "(86)", respectively, reflects the addition of paragraphs (78)–(83) by section 10(d)(4) of Public Law 89–670.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

The paragraph designation for the positions added or amended by Pub. L. 96–88 and Pub. L. 96–302 has been omitted in view of the deletion of all paragraph designations in this section by Pub. L. 96–54.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–237 to formerly designated par. (95) of this section has been editorially made to formerly designated par. (96) of this section relating to the Deputy Director, Office of Drug Abuse Policy, in view of redesignation of par. (95) as (96) by Pub. L. 94–183 as the probable intent of Congress.

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–263, §5304(b)(1)(B), struck out item relating to Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board.

Pub. L. 117–263, §901(b)(2), substituted "Assistant Secretaries of Defense (19)." for "Assistant Secretaries of Defense (14)."

Pub. L. 117–103 struck out item relating to Chief Information Officer of the Intelligence Community.

**2020**—Pub. L. 116–260 substituted "Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation" for "Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation".

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92, §6403, inserted item relating to Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center.

Pub. L. 116–92, §1621(e)(2)(B), substituted "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security" for "Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence".

Pub. L. 116–92, §956(b)(2), substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–334 struck out item relating to Administrator, Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 115–278 inserted items relating to Assistant Director for Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and Assistant Director for Infrastructure Security, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Pub. L. 115–254 struck out item relating to Executive Vice President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91 struck out "Principal" in items relating to Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), and Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and inserted, before item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, items relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–94 substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Transportation.

**2014**—Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "(14)" for "(16)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 113–76 inserted item relating to Administrator, Wage and Hour Division, Department of Labor.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–87 inserted item relating to Chief Information Officer of the Intelligence Community.

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–383, §901(n)(2)(A), struck out item relating to Director of Defense Research and Engineering.

Pub. L. 111–383, §901(n)(1), substituted "(16)" for "(12)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 111–358 struck out item relating to Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–259 substituted "General Counsel of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence" for "General Counsel of the Central Intelligence Agency".

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "(12)" for "(10)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense, inserted items relating to Principal Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Policy, for Personnel and Readiness, and for Intelligence, and Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), and struck out items relating to Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Policy, for Personnel and Readiness, and for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.

Pub. L. 111–23 inserted item relating to Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation, Department of Defense.

Pub. L. 111–11 substituted "(8)" for "(7)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Energy.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–409 struck out items relating to Inspectors General of Departments of Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Transportation, Veterans Affairs, Homeland Security, Defense, State, Commerce, the Interior, Justice, and the Treasury, Agency for International Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Export-Import Bank, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Personnel Management, Railroad Retirement Board, Small Business Administration, Tennessee Valley Authority, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Resolution Trust Corporation, Central Intelligence Agency, Social Security Administration, and United States Postal Service.

Pub. L. 110–343 substituted "(10)" for "(9)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

**2007**—Pub. L. 110–49 substituted "(9)" for "(8)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Members, Postal Regulatory Commission (4)" for "Members, Postal Rate Commission (4)".

Pub. L. 109–364, §942(a), inserted item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness.

Pub. L. 109–364, §901(b), substituted "(10)" for "(9)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 109–295 inserted item relating to Chief Medical Officer, Department of Homeland Security.

Pub. L. 109–177, §506(a)(3), substituted "(11)" for "(10)" in item relating to Assistant Attorneys General.

Pub. L. 109–163 struck out items relating to Under Secretary of the Air Force, Under Secretary of the Army, and Under Secretary of the Navy.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–58, §1006(c)(3), substituted "(7)" for "(6)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Energy.

Pub. L. 109–58, §502(b)(2), inserted item relating to Director, Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs, Department of Energy.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–458 inserted item relating to General Counsel of the Office of the National Intelligence Director and struck out item relating to Assistant Directors of Central Intelligence.

Pub. L. 108–447 struck out item relating to Members, Board of Directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority.

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–177 substituted "(8)" for "(7)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

Pub. L. 108–173 struck out item relating to Administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–314, which directed the repeal of Pub. L. 107–107, §901(c), was executed by substituting "(9)" for "(8)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See 2001 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 107–296, §1702(a)(5), struck out item relating to Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, Department of Justice.

Pub. L. 107–296, §1702(a)(4), inserted items relating to Assistant Secretaries, Department of Homeland Security, General Counsel, Department of Homeland Security, Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Department of Homeland Security, Chief Financial Officer, Department of Homeland Security, Chief Information Officer, Department of Homeland Security, and Inspector General, Department of Homeland Security.

Pub. L. 107–287 substituted "(7)" for "(6)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries, Department of Veterans Affairs.

Pub. L. 107–279 struck out item relating to Commissioner, National Center for Education Statistics.

Pub. L. 107–189 inserted item relating to Inspector General, Export-Import Bank.

Pub. L. 107–171, §10704(b), substituted "(3)" for "(2)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 107–171, §6201(d)(1), struck out item relating to Executive Director of the Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corporation.

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107, §3141(b), inserted item relating to Principal Deputy Administrator, National Nuclear Security Administration and inserted "Additional" before "Deputy Administrators of the National Nuclear Security Administration".

Pub. L. 107–107, §901(c)(2), which substituted "(8)" for "(9)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–314. See 2002 Amendment note above.

Pub. L. 107–107, §901(b), inserted item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–422 inserted item relating to Inspector General, Tennessee Valley Authority.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(b)], inserted item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Deputy Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Office.

Pub. L. 106–113, §1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(a)(1)], struck out "Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury".

Pub. L. 106–65, §3294(a)(1), substituted "(6)" for "(8)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Energy.

Pub. L. 106–65, §3293(b), inserted item relating to Deputy Administrators of the National Nuclear Security Administration.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–368 struck out item relating to Director of the National Cemetery System.

Pub. L. 105–277, §2305(b)(2), which directed the substitution of "Assistant Secretaries of State (24)" for "Assistant Secretaries of State (20)", was executed by making the substitution for "20 Assistant Secretaries of State" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of State and 4 other State Department officials to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1332(2), struck out item relating to Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency and substituted "Director of the International Broadcasting Bureau." for "Director of the International Broadcasting Bureau, the United States Information Agency."

Pub. L. 105–277, §1314(c), struck out item relating to Inspector General, United States Information Agency.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1224(3), struck out item relating to Assistant Directors, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (4) and substituted "Special Representatives of the President for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, Department of State" for "Special Representatives of the President for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency".

Pub. L. 105–277, §101(a) [title X, §1003], substituted "Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture (2)" for "Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture (3)".

Pub. L. 105–261 substituted "(9)" for "(10)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 105–245 substituted "Director, Office of Science, Department of Energy" for "Director, Office of Energy Research, Department of Energy".

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–85, §3550(b), struck out item relating to Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission.

Pub. L. 105–85, §1073(e)(1), inserted "the" before "Interior" in item relating to Chief Information Officer of Department of the Interior and before "Treasury" in item relating to Chief Information Officer of Department of the Treasury.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–293 inserted items relating to Assistant Directors of Central Intelligence and General Counsel of Central Intelligence Agency.

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §662(c)(1)], inserted item relating to Inspector General, United States Postal Service.

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(e) [title VII, §709(b)(1)], substituted "Museum and Library Services" for "Museum Services" after "Director of the Institute of".

Pub. L. 104–127 inserted item relating to Executive Director of the Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corporation.

Pub. L. 104–106, §5125(e), inserted items relating to Chief Information Officer of Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury, and Veterans Affairs and Chief Information Officer of Environmental Protection Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Agency for International Development, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services Administration, National Science Foundation, Nuclear Regulatory Agency, Office of Personnel Management, and Small Business Administration.

Pub. L. 104–106, §902(b), substituted "(10)" for "(11)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 104–105 struck out item relating to Members, Board of Directors of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–88 substituted "Members, Surface Transportation Board" for "Members, Interstate Commerce Commission".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–354, §§218(d), 232(b)(2), formerly 232(b)(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3212, 3219, as renumbered by Pub. L. 112–166, §2(a)(2)(C), Aug. 10, 2012, 126 Stat. 1283, substituted "(3)" for "(7)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture and inserted item relating to Administrator, Rural Utilities Service, Department of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "(11)" for "(10)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 103–333 inserted item relating to Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

Pub. L. 103–296, §108(e)(3), inserted item relating to Inspector General, Social Security Administration.

Pub. L. 103–296, §106(a)(7)(B), struck out item relating to Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "Saint" for "St." in item relating to Administrator of Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.

Pub. L. 103–236, §708(b), substituted "Special Representatives of the President for arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament matters, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency" for "Special Representatives for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (2)".

Pub. L. 103–236, §307(b)(2), inserted item relating to Director of the International Broadcasting Bureau, United States Information Agency.

Pub. L. 103–236, §162(d)(2), directed insertion of item relating to 20 Assistant Secretaries of State and 4 other State Department Officials to be appointed by the President, and struck out "Assistant Secretaries of State (15).", "Legal Adviser of the Department of State.", "Chief of Protocol, Department of State.", "Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Department of State.", "Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics Matters, Department of State.", and "Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs, Department of State." New item was inserted in lieu of "Assistant Secretaries of State (15)." to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 103–227 inserted item relating to Director of the Office of Educational Technology.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–204 inserted item relating to Inspector General, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Pub. L. 103–171 substituted "(6)" for "(5)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 103–160 substituted "(10)" for "(11)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense and struck out item relating to Chief Financial Officer, Department of Defense.

Pub. L. 103–123 inserted item relating to Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–552 inserted item relating to Members, Board of Directors of the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation.

Pub. L. 102–359 substituted "(10)" for "(6)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Education.

Pub. L. 102–325 inserted item relating to Liaison for Community and Junior Colleges, Department of Education.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–190, §3504(a), inserted item relating to Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission.

Pub. L. 102–190, §903(a)(1), inserted items relating to General Counsels of the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

Pub. L. 102–190, §901(b), inserted item relating to Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy.

Pub. L. 102–183 inserted item relating to Inspector General of Central Intelligence Agency.

Pub. L. 102–180 inserted item relating to Commissioner, Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation.

Pub. L. 102–138 inserted item relating to Assistant Secretary for South Asian Affairs, Department of State.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–576 inserted items relating to Chief Financial Officer of Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, the Interior, Justice, Labor, State, Transportation, the Treasury, and Veterans Affairs and Chief Financial Officers of Environmental Protection Agency and National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Pub. L. 101–512 inserted item relating to Director of the Institute of Museum Services.

Pub. L. 101–509 inserted item relating to Director, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.

Pub. L. 101–319 inserted item relating to Chairman, United States Parole Commission.

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–189 substituted "(4)" for "(3)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force.

Pub. L. 101–73, §742(a)(2), substituted "Directors, Federal Housing Finance Board" for "Members, Federal Home Loan Bank Board".

Pub. L. 101–73, §501(b)(2)(A), inserted item relating to Inspector General, Resolution Trust Corporation.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–690, §7608(e), inserted item relating to Director, United States Marshals Service.

Pub. L. 100–690, §7252(b)(3), inserted item relating to Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Pub. L. 100–690, §1007(c)(4), struck out item relating to Deputy Director of Office of Drug Abuse Policy.

Pub. L. 100–690, §§1003(a)(4)(C), 1009, temporarily inserted item relating to Associate Director for National Drug Control Policy, Office of National Drug Control Policy. See Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendments note below.

Pub. L. 100–687 inserted item relating to Chairman, Board of Veterans' Appeals.

Pub. L. 100–679 struck out items relating to Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy and Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 100–607 inserted item relating to Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 100–527 substituted "Inspector General, Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Inspector General, Veterans' Administration" and inserted items relating to Assistant Secretaries, Department of Veterans Affairs (6), General Counsel, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Director of the National Cemetery System.

Pub. L. 100–504 inserted items relating to Inspector General for Departments of Commerce, Interior, Justice, and Treasury and for following agencies: Agency for International Development, Environmental Protection Agency, Federal Emergency Management Agency, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Office of Personnel Management, Railroad Retirement Board, and Small Business Administration.

Pub. L. 100–485 substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 100–418, §5112(c)(2), substituted "Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Commerce" for "Director, National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce".

Pub. L. 100–418, §2301(h), inserted item relating to Assistant Secretary of Commerce and Director General of United States and Foreign Commercial Service.

Pub. L. 100–297 inserted item relating to Commissioner, National Center for Education Statistics.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–204 inserted item relating to Ambassadors at Large.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–619 substituted "Assistant Secretaries of Labor (10), one of whom shall be the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment and Training" for "Assistant Secretaries of Labor (5)".

Pub. L. 99–659 substituted "Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere, the incumbent of which also serves as Deputy Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" for "Deputy Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" and struck out item relating to Associate Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Pub. L. 99–500, Pub. L. 99–591, and Pub. L. 99–661, amended section identically, inserting item relating to Director of Defense Research and Engineering.

Pub. L. 99–399, §104(c), substituted "(15)" for "(14)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of State.

Pub. L. 99–399, §§412(c), 413(e), formerly §413(a)(5), as renumbered by Pub. L. 100–204, §134(b), inserted items relating to Inspector General, United States Information Agency, and Inspector General, Department of State.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–93, §704(a)(2)(A), struck out item relating to Deputy Director of United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 99–93, §704(a)(2)(B), inserted item relating to Assistant Directors, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (4).

Pub. L. 99–93, §115(b)(1), struck out item relating to Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State.

Pub. L. 99–93, §115(b)(2), substituted "(14)" for "(13)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of State.

Pub. L. 99–73 inserted item relating to Director, National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce.

Pub. L. 99–64 substituted "(11)" for "(8)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Commerce.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–594 substituted "(7)" for "(5)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

Pub. L. 98–473, §1701(b), struck out items relating to United States Attorney for Southern District of New York, United States Attorney for District of Columbia, United States Attorney for Northern District of Illinois, and United States Attorney for Central District of California.

Pub. L. 98–473, §609J(b), struck out item relating to Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

Pub. L. 98–443 struck out item relating to members of Civil Aeronautics Board.

Pub. L. 98–369 inserted item relating to Administrator of Health Care Financing Administration.

Pub. L. 98–216 substituted "Assistant Directors of Office of Management and Budget (3)" for "Assistant Directors of the Bureau of the Budget (3)".

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–202, §6(b)(1), inserted item relating to two Special Representatives for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 98–202, §6(b)(2), struck out item relating to Special Representative for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

Pub. L. 98–164 struck out item relating to Counselor of Department of State.

Pub. L. 98–94, §1212(d)(1), substituted "(11)" for "(7)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Pub. L. 98–94, §1212(d)(2), substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Army.

Pub. L. 98–94, §1212(d)(3), substituted "(4)" for "(3)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Navy.

Pub. L. 98–94, §1211(b), inserted item relating to Director of Operational Test and Evaluation, Department of Defense.

Pub. L. 98–80 inserted items relating to Assistant Administrator for Toxic Substances, Environmental Protection Agency, Assistant Administrator, Office of Solid Waste, Environmental Protection Agency, and eight Assistant Administrators, Environmental Protection Agency.

Pub. L. 97–449 substituted "Deputy Federal Highway Administrator" for "Director of Public Roads".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–325 substituted "(7)" for "(6)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 97–252 inserted item relating to Inspector General, Department of Defense.

Pub. L. 97–195 substituted "(8)" for "(7)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Commerce.

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–98 substituted "(6)" for "(5)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 97–35 struck out item relating to Director, Office of Self-Help Development and Technical Assistance, National Consumer Cooperative Bank.

Pub. L. 97–31 substituted "(7)" for "(8)" in item relating to Assistant Secretaries of Commerce.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–511 inserted item relating to Administrator, Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget.

Pub. L. 96–302 inserted item relating to Chief Counsel for Advocacy, Small Business Administration.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–157 inserted items relating to Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance, Director of National Institute of Justice, and Director of Bureau of Justice Statistics, and struck out items relating to Deputy Administrator for Policy Development and Deputy Administrator for Administration of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

Pub. L. 96–88, §508(g), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in items relating to General Counsel of Department of Health and Human Services, Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health and Human Services, and Inspector General, Department of Health and Human Services.

Pars. (1) to (128). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out paragraph designations for positions listed herein.

Pars. (13) to (16). Pub. L. 96–107 in par. (13), relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense, substituted "(7)" for "(9)", par. (14), relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Air Force, "(3)" for "(4)", par. (15), relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Army, "(4)" for "(5)", and par. (16), relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Navy, "(3)" for "(4)".

Par. (17). Pub. L. 96–88, §508(e)(1), substituted "(4)" for "(5)" and "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in par. (17) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Health and Human Services. See Codification note above.

Par. (19). Pub. L. 96–132 in par. (19), relating to Assistant Attorneys General, increased authorized number from nine to ten.

Par. (24). Pub. L. 96–39 inserted "(5)" at end of par. (24) relating to Members, United States International Trade Commission.

Pars. (25) to (27). Pub. L. 96–88, §508(e)(2), added pars. (25) to (27) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Education (6), General Counsel, Department of Education, and Inspector General, Department of Education, respectively. See Codification note above.

Par. (91). Pub. L. 96–153 substituted "Federal Emergency Management Agency" for "Department of Housing and Urban Development" in par. (91), relating to Federal Insurance Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Par. (128). Pub. L. 96–53 added par. (128) relating to Deputy Director, Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

**1978**—Par. (10). Pub. L. 95–426, §114(b)(2), struck out par. (10) relating to Deputy Under Secretary of State.

Par. (66). Pub. L. 95–454, §202(c)(2), substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "United States Civil Service Commission".

Par. (93). Pub. L. 95–630 substituted "Members, National Credit Union Administration Board (2)" for "Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration".

Par. (122). Pub. L. 95–452 added par. (122) relating to Inspector General, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Pub. L. 95–426, §115(b)(1), added par. (122) relating to Assistant Secretary for International Narcotics Matters, Department of State.

Pub. L. 95–351 added par. (122) relating to President, National Consumer Cooperative Bank.

Par. (123). Pub. L. 95–454, §202(c)(3), added par. (123) relating to Special Counsel of Merit Systems Protection Board.

Pub. L. 95–452 added par. (123) relating to Inspector General, Department of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 95–351 added par. (123) relating to Director, Office of Self-Help Development and Technical Assistance, National Consumer Cooperative Bank.

Par. (124). Pub. L. 95–454, §703(d), added par. (124) relating to Chairman of Federal Labor Relations Authority.

Pub. L. 95–452 added par. (124) relating to Inspector General, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Pars. (125) to (127). Pub. L. 95–452 added pars. (125) to (127) relating to Inspectors General for Department of Labor, Department of Transportation, and Veterans' Administration, respectively.

**1977**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 95–105, §109(d)(1), struck out par. (1) relating to Administrator, Bureau of Security and Consular Affairs, Department of State.

Par. (12). Pub. L. 95–173 substituted "(8)" for "(6)" in par. (12) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Commerce.

Par. (22). Pub. L. 95–105, §109(d)(2), substituted "(13)" for "(11)" in par. (22) relating to Assistant Secretaries of State.

Par. (50). Pub. L. 95–108 added par. (50) relating to Special Representative for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. A prior par. (50), relating to General Manager of Atomic Energy Commission, was repealed by Pub. L. 93–438, title III, §310(3), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1253.

Pars. (52), (53). Pub. L. 95–88 struck out par. (52) relating to Inspector General, Foreign Assistance, and par. (53) relating to Deputy Inspector General, Foreign Assistance.

Par. (60). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Federal Energy Regulatory Commission" for "Federal Power Commission" in par. (60) relating to Members, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.

Par. (102). Pub. L. 95–91 struck out par. (102) relating to Assistant Administrators, Energy Research and Development Administration (6).

Pars. (114) to (119). Pub. L. 95–91 added pars. (114) to (119) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Energy (8), General Counsel of Department of Energy, Administrator, Economic Regulatory Administration, Department of Energy, Administrator, Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy, Inspector General, Department of Energy, and Director, Office of Energy Research, Department of Energy, respectively.

Pars. (120), (121). Pub. L. 95–164 added pars. (120) and (121) relating to Assistant Secretary of Labor for Mine Safety and Health and Members, Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, respectively.

**1976**—Par. (11). Pub. L. 94–561 substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in par. (11) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture.

Par. (96). Pub. L. 94–237 substituted "Deputy Director of the Office of Drug Abuse Policy" for "Deputy Director of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention".

Par. (108). Pub. L. 94–375 added par. (108) relating to President, Government National Mortgage Association, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Par. (109). Pub. L. 94–461 added par. (109) relating to Deputy Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Pub. L. 94–503 added par. (109) relating to Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization.

Par. (110). Pub. L. 94–461 added par. (110) relating to Associate Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Pub. L. 94–503 added par. (110) relating to United States Attorney for Northern District of Illinois.

Pars. (111) to (113). Pub. L. 94–503 added pars. (111) to (113) relating to United States Attorney for Central District of California, Director, Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice, and Deputy Administrator for Administration of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, respectively.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82 substituted provisions applying level IV of Executive Schedule to positions for which annual rate of basic pay shall be rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title, for provisions applying such level IV to positions for which annual rate of basic pay is $28,750.

Par. (24). Pub. L. 93–618 substituted "Members, United States International Trade Commission" for "Chairman of the United States Tariff Commission".

Par. (31). Pub. L. 94–123 repealed par. (31) relating to Deputy Chief Medical Director in Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration.

Pars. (93) to (107). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (92) Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration, par. (93) Members, Postal Rate Commission, par. (94) Members, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, par. (95) Deputy Director of the Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention, par. (96) Deputy Under Secretaries of the Treasury (or Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury), par. (97) Members, Consumer Product Safety Commission, par. (97) Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, par. (99) Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Department of State, par. (100) Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy, par. (100) Assistant Administrators, Energy Research and Development Administration, par. (100) Members, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, par. (101) Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, par. (102) Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, par. (103) Director of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, par. (104) Executive Director for Operations, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as pars. (93) to (107), respectively.

**1974**—Par. (50). Pub. L. 93–438 struck out par. (50) relating to General Manager of Atomic Energy Commission.

Par. (87). Pub. L. 93–383 increased number of Assistant Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development from 6 to 8.

Par. (99). Pub. L. 93–126, §9(b), as added by Pub. L. 93–312, added par. (99) relating to Assistant Secretary for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Department of State.

Par. (100). Pub. L. 93–463 added par. (100) relating to Members, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Pub. L. 93–438 added par. (100) relating to Assistant Administrators, Energy Research and Development Administration.

Pub. L. 93–400 added par. (100) relating to Administrator for Federal Procurement Policy.

Pars. (101) to (104). Pub. L. 93–438 added pars. (101) to (104) relating to Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Director of Nuclear Regulatory Research, and Executive Director for Operations, respectively, of Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

**1973**—Par. (90). Pub. L. 93–83 substituted "Deputy Administrator for Policy Development of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration" for "Associate Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance (2)".

**1972**—Par. (10). Pub. L. 92–352 substituted "Secretary of State" for "Secretaries of State (2)".

Par. (11). Pub. L. 92–419 substituted "(4)" for "(3)" in par. (11) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Agriculture.

Par. (23). Pub. L. 92–302, §2(c)(1), substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in par. (23) relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury.

Par. (72). Pub. L. 92–261 substituted "Members, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (4)" for "Chairman, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission".

Par. (95). Pub. L. 92–255 added par. (95) relating to Deputy Director of Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention.

Par. (96). Pub. L. 92–302, §2(c)(2), added par. (96) relating to Deputy Under Secretaries of the Treasury (or Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury) (2).

Par. (97). Pub. L. 92–603 added par. (97) relating to Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Pub. L. 92–573 added par. (97) relating to Members, Consumer Product Safety Commission (4).

**1971**—Par. (13). Pub. L. 92–215 substituted "(9)" for "(8)" in par. (13) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Par. (18). Pub. L. 92–22 substituted "(6)" for "(5)" in par. (18) relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Interior.

Par. (51). Pub. L. 92–181 struck out par. (51) relating to Governor of Farm Credit Administration.

Par. (90). Pub. L. 91–644, §7(1), (2), in amending section 505 of Pub. L. 90–351, struck out par. (90) "Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance", renumbered as par. (55) of section 5314 of this title, and renumbered par. (126) "Associate Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance (2)" of section 5316 of this title as par. (90) of this section, respectively.

**1970**—Par. (12). Pub. L. 91–477 substituted "(6)" for "(5)" in par. (12) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Commerce. Pub. L. 91–469 also substituted "(6)" for "(5)" in par. (12). Thus, the correct figure in par. (12) presumably should be seven. See amendment of par. (12) by Pub. L. 95–173 above.

Par. (15). Pub. L. 91–611 substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in par. (15) relating to Assistant Secretaries of the Army.

Par. (20). Pub. L. 91–596, §29(b), substituted "(5)" for "(4)" in par. (20) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Labor.

Pars. (21), (45). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(14)(A), struck out pars. (21) and (45) relating to Assistant Postmasters General (6) and General Counsel of Post Office Department, respectively.

Par. (92). Pub. L. 91–206 added par. (92) relating to Administrator of National Credit Union Administration.

Par. (93). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(14)(B), added par. (93) relating to Members, Postal Rate Commission (4).

Par. (94). Pub. L. 91–596, §12(c)(2), added par. (94) relating to Members, Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission.

**1969**—Par. (13). Pub. L. 91–121 substituted "(8)" for "(7)" in par. (13) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Defense.

Par. (92). Pub. L. 91–175 added par. (92) relating to Executive Vice President, Overseas Private Investment Corporation.

**1968**—Pars. (14) to (16). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "(4)" for "(3)" in pars. (14) to (16) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Air Force, Army, and Navy respectively.

Par. (87). Pub. L. 90–448, §1708(b), substituted "(6)" for "(4)" in par. (87) relating to Assistant Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development.

Par. (90). Pub. L. 90–351 added par. (90) relating to Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

Par. (91). Pub. L. 90–448, §1105(b), added par. (91) relating to Federal Insurance Administrator, Department of Housing and Urban Development.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206 increased annual rate of basic pay from $27,000 to $28,750.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–779 added par. (78) relating to Deputy Administrator of Small Business Administration.

Pub. L. 89–734 added par. (78) relating to Assistant Secretary for Science, Smithsonian Institution, and par. (79) relating to Assistant Secretary for History and Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Pub. L. 89–670 added par. (78) relating to Members, National Transportation Safety Board, par. (79) relating to General Counsel, Department of Transportation, and pars. (80) to (83), and repealed par. (2) which provided for Deputy Administrator of Federal Aviation Agency, subject to the provisions of section 1657 of former Title 49, Transportation.

"Export-Import Bank of Washington", referred to in items relating to First Vice President and Members, was changed to "Export-Import Bank of the United States" in the Export-Import Bank Act of 1945, section 635 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking, as provided for in section 1(a) of Pub. L. 90–267, Mar. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 47.

Amendment by section 5304(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 117–263 applicable on the first day of the first pay period beginning after Dec. 23, 2022, see section 5304(b)(2) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–166 effective 60 days after Aug. 10, 2012, and applicable to appointments made on and after that effective date, including any nomination pending in the Senate on that date, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 112–166, set out as a note under section 113 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by section 901 of Pub. L. 111–383 effective Jan. 1, 2011, see section 901(p) of Pub. L. 111–383, set out as a note under section 131 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 110–49, §12, July 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 260, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section, section 301 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 4565 of Title 50, War and National Defense] shall apply after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [July 26, 2007]."

Amendment by section 942(a) of Pub. L. 109–364 effective Oct. 17, 2006, and applicable with respect to individuals appointed as Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Logistics and Materiel Readiness on or after that date, see section 942(c) of Pub. L. 109–364, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–447 effective on the later of the date on which at least three persons nominated under section 604(a) of Pub. L. 108–447 take office or May 18, 2005, see section 604(b) of Pub. L. 108–447, set out as an Appointments; Effective Date; Transition note under section 831a of Title 16, Conservation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–173 effective Jan. 1, 2004, see section 900(d)(3) of Pub. L. 108–173, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–296, title XVII, §1702(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2313, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 4 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security], the amendment made by subsection (a)(5) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date on which the transfer of functions specified under section 441 [enacting section 251 of Title 6] takes effect."

Pub. L. 107–189, §22(e), June 14, 2002, 116 Stat. 708, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 9 and 11 of the Inspector General Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–452, formerly set out in the Appendix to this title] shall take effect on October 1, 2002."

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title IX, §901(d), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1194, which provided that amendments made by Pub. L. 107–107, §901(c) (amending this section and section 138 of Title 10, Armed Forces), were to take effect on the date on which a person was first appointed as Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title IX, §902(d), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2621.

Pub. L. 106–422, §1(d), Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1872, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) may continue such service until the President makes an appointment under section 3(a) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 403(a)] consistent with the amendments made by this section; and

"(B) shall be subject to section 8G(c) and (d) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 415(c), (d)] as applicable to the Board of Directors of the Tennessee Valley Authority, unless that person is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to be Inspector General of the Tennessee Valley Authority."

Amendment by section 1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(a)(1)] of Pub. L. 106–113 effective Jan. 1, 2000, see section 1000(a)(5) [title II, §238(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Amendment by section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4720(b)] of Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–65 effective Mar. 1, 2000, see section 3299 of Pub. L. 106–65, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2401 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by section 1224(3) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by sections 1314(c) and 1332(2) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by section 5125(e) of Pub. L. 104–106 effective 180 days after Feb. 10, 1996, see section 5701 of Pub. L. 104–106, div. E, title LVII, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 702.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1301 of Title 49, Transportation.

Amendment by section 162(d)(2) of Pub. L. 103–236 applicable with respect to officials, offices, and bureaus of Department of State when executive orders, regulations, or departmental directives implementing the amendments by sections 161 and 162 of Pub. L. 103–236 become effective, or 90 days after Apr. 30, 1994, whichever comes earlier, see section 161(b) of Pub. L. 103–236, as amended, set out as a note under section 2651a of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 103–123, title I, §108(b), Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1234, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5316 of this title] shall take effect on the first applicable pay period after enactment [Oct. 28, 1993]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–552 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 201(c)(1) of Pub. L. 102–552, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment; Transitional Provision note under section 2277a–2 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Pub. L. 102–359, §2(b)(3), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 962, provided that: "The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section and section 5316 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period that begins on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 26, 1992]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–325 effective Oct. 1, 1992, see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §122(d)(2), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 659, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1991."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–512 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 318 [title IV, §403(a)] of Pub. L. 101–512, set out as a note under section 951 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by sections 1003(a)(4)(C) and 1007(c)(4) of Pub. L. 100–690 effective Jan. 21, 1989, and amendment by section 1003(a)(4)(C) of Pub. L. 100–690 repealed on Sept. 30, 1997, see sections 1012 and 1009, respectively, of Pub. L. 100–690.

Amendment by section 7252(b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Pub. L. 100–687, div. A, title II, §201(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4109, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect when the President first appoints an individual as Chairman of the Board of Veterans' Appeals under section 4001(b)(1) [now 7101(b)(1)] of title 38, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a))."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–679 effective Jan. 20, 1989, see section 11(e) of Pub. L. 100–679, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §113, Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2530, provided that: "This title and the amendments made by this title [see Tables for classification] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this title [Oct. 18, 1988], except that [former] section 5(a)(6) through (12) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (as amended by section 106(a) of this title) and [former] section 5(b)(1) through (4) of the Inspector General Act of 1978 (as amended by section 106(b) of this title) [see 5 U.S.C. 405(b)(6) to (12); (c)(1) to (4)] shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this title."

Pub. L. 100–485, title VI, §603(c), Oct. 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 2409, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and enacting section 617 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall become effective on February 1, 1989."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–297 effective July 1, 1988, but with amendments authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1988 effective Apr. 28, 1988, see section 6303 of Pub. L. 100–297, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 1071 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–204 effective 30 days after Dec. 22, 1987, but not to affect salary of any individual holding rank of Ambassador at Large immediately before Dec. 22, 1987, during the period such individual continues to serve in such position, see section 178(b) of Pub. L. 100–204, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–619 applicable to incumbent Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment on Nov. 6, 1986, serving after such date, see section 2(f)(2) of Pub. L. 99–619, set out as a Present Incumbent note under section 553 of Title 29, Labor.

Pub. L. 99–73, §6(c), July 29, 1985, 99 Stat. 173, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5316 of this title and section 274 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] shall be effective October 1, 1985."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–64 effective Oct. 1, 1987, see section 116(d) of Pub. L. 99–64, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Amendment by section 609J of Pub. L. 98–473 effective Oct. 12, 1984, see section 609AA of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–443 effective Jan. 1, 1985, see section 9(v) of Pub. L. 98–443, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to appointments made after July 18, 1984, see section 2332(c) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1317 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by section 1211(b) of Pub. L. 98–94 effective Nov. 1, 1983, see section 1211(c) of Pub. L. 98–94, set out as an Effective Date note under section 139 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by section 1212(d) of Pub. L. 98–94 effective Oct. 1, 1983, see section 1212(e) of Pub. L. 98–94, set out as a note under section 138 of Title 10.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–325 effective Oct. 15, 1982, see section 8(e) of Pub. L. 97–325.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–98 effective Dec. 22, 1981, see section 1801 of Pub. L. 97–98, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective on day after Final Government Equity Redemption Date, see section 396(i) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as a note under section 3011 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–511 effective Apr. 1, 1981, see section 5 of Pub. L. 96–511, set out as a note under section 2904 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–302 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 507 of Pub. L. 96–302, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–88 effective May 4, 1980, with specified exceptions, see section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 2(a)(25)(B) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–39 effective July 26, 1979, see section 1114 of Pub. L. 96–39, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2581 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–630 effective on expiration of 120 days after Nov. 10, 1978, see section 509 of Pub. L. 95–630, set out as a note under section 1752 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–452 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452 set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Act note under section 401 of this title.

Amendment by section 114(b)(2) of Pub. L. 95–426 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 114(c) of Pub. L. 95–426, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–426, title I, §115(b)(2), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 969, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1978."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–164 effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, except as otherwise provided, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as a note under section 801 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–88 effective July 1, 1978, see section 124(c) of Pub. L. 95–88, set out as a note under section 2384 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–123 effective Oct. 12, 1975, see section 6(a) of Pub. L. 94–123, set out as a note under section 5314 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–463 effective Oct. 23, 1974, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–438 effective 120 days after Oct. 11, 1974, or on such earlier date as President may prescribe and publish in Federal Register, except that officers provided for in sections 5811–5820 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, may be nominated and appointed at any time after Oct. 11, 1974, see section 312(a) of Pub. L. 93–438, set out as an Effective Date; Interim Appointments note under section 5801 of Title 42.

Offices and salaries modified under amendment by Pub. L. 93–83, prospectively only, effective on and after Aug. 6, 1973, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–83, Aug. 6, 1973, 83 Stat. 218.

Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §404(c), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1488, provided that: "The amendments made by the preceding provisions of this section [amending this section and section 5316 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period of the Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which commences on or after the first day of the month which follows the month in which this Act is enacted [Oct. 30, 1972]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–302 effective May 18, 1972, see section 3 of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective at beginning of first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 603 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by President and published in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

Pub. L. 102–180, §1, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1230, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and former sections 640d–11 and 640d–24 of Title 25, Indians, and enacting provisions formerly set out as notes under section 640d–11 of Title 25] may be cited as the 'Navajo-Hopi Relocation Housing Program Reauthorization Act of 1991'."

Pub. L. 93–496, §16(c), Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1533, cited as a credit to this section, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2444.

For transfer of all functions, personnel, assets, components, authorities, grant programs, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Under Secretary for Federal Emergency Management relating thereto, to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, see section 315(a)(1) of Title 6, Domestic Security.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including the functions of the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see former section 313(1) and sections 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For transfer of responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security Chief Information Officer related to the implementation of the Integrated Wireless Network to the Assistant Director for Emergency Communications, see section 571(d)(2) of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section 101(f) [title VI, §662(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 104–208 provided in part that: "The amendment made by the preceding sentence [amending this section] shall apply notwithstanding section 410 or any other provision of title 39, United States Code."

Section 6153(c) of Pub. L. 100–690 provided that: "The Deputy Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration shall receive compensation at the rate now or hereafter prescribed by law for positions of Level IV of the Executive Schedule Pay Rate (5 U.S.C. 5315)."

Number of Assistant Secretaries of Defense authorized at level IV of Executive Schedule under this section to be increased by one (to a total of 12) until Jan. 20, 1989, see section 1311 of Pub. L. 100–180, set out as a note under section 138 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Persons occupying a position under the Executive Schedule on May 18, 1972, and later appointed to a position created or authorized by Pub. L. 92–302, not eligible to an increase in basic pay until Jan. 21, 1973, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Position of Associate Director of Federal Bureau of Investigation placed temporarily in level III during incumbency of incumbent on Aug. 14, 1964, by Pub. L. 88–426, Aug. 14, 1964, §303(c)(46), 78 Stat. 417.

For adjustment of salaries under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For prior year salary increases per the recommendation of the President, see Prior Salary Recommendations notes under section 358 of Title 2, The Congress.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Office of Emergency Preparedness, including offices of Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Directors, and Regional Directors, abolished and functions, vested by law in Office of Emergency Preparedness or Director of Office of Emergency Preparedness transferred to President by sections 1 and 3(a)(1) of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, effective July 1, 1973, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Office of Deputy Director of Office of Science and Technology abolished and functions vested by law in such office transferred to Director of National Science Foundation by sections 2 and 3(a)(5) of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, effective July 1, 1973, set out in the Appendix to this title.

One of the 6 positions of Assistant Administrator, Agency for International Development, provided for in this section, was abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1979, §7, 44 F.R. 41165, 93 Stat. 1378, set out in the Appendix to this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

2 The word "The" probably should not appear.

Level V of the Executive Schedule applies to the following positions, for which the annual rate of basic pay shall be the rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title:

Administrator, Bonneville Power Administration, Department of the Interior.

Administrator of the National Capital Transportation Agency.

Associate Administrators of the Small Business Administration (4).

Associate Administrators, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (7).

Associate Deputy Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Deputy Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Archivist of the United States.

Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Administration.

Assistant Attorney General for Administration.

Assistant and Science Adviser to the Secretary of the Interior.

Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice.

Chairman of the Renegotiation Board.

Chairman of the Subversive Activities Control Board.

Chief Counsel for the Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury.

Commissioner, Federal Acquisition Service, General Services Administration.

Director, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior.

Commissioners, Indian Claims Commission (5).

Commissioner, Public Buildings Service, General Services Administration.

Commissioner of Reclamation, Department of the Interior.

Commissioner of Vocational Rehabilitation, Department of Health and Human Services.

Commissioner of Welfare, Department of Health and Human Services.

Director, Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior.

Director, Geological Survey, Department of the Interior.

Deputy Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Department of the Treasury.

Associate Director of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service.

Associate Director for Volunteers, Peace Corps.

Associate Director for Program Development and Operations, Peace Corps.

Assistants to the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Department of Justice (2).

Assistant Directors, Office of Emergency Planning (3).

Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

General Counsel of the Agency for International Development.

General Counsel of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

General Counsel of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Manpower Administrator, Department of Labor.

Members, Renegotiation Board.

Members, Subversive Activities Control Board.

Assistant Administrator of General Services.

Director, United States Travel Service, Department of Commerce.

Assistant Director (Program Planning, Analysis and Research), Office of Economic Opportunity.

Deputy Director, National Security Agency.

Director, Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior.

Director, National Park Service, Department of the Interior.

National Export Expansion Coordinator, Department of Commerce.

Staff Director, Commission on Civil Rights.

Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportation.

Director, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Director, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Smithsonian Institution.

Administrator of the Environmental Science Services Administration.

Associate Directors of the Office of Personnel Management (5).

Assistant Federal Highway Administrator.

Deputy Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Deputy Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.

Assistant Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator.

Director, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Department of Justice.

Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration, Department of Transportation.

General Counsel of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Executive Director, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

Additional Officers, Department of Energy (14).

Additional officers, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (5).

Assistant Administrator for Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Assistant Administrators (3), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

General Counsel, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Members, Federal Labor Relations Authority (2) and its General Counsel.

Additional officers, Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation (2).

Additional officers, Office of Management and Budget (6).

Chief Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Director, Indian Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.

Commissioners, United States Parole Commission (8).

Commissioner, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families.

Chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(5), (e), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 89–734, §1(2), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 89–779, §8(c)(2), Nov. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 90–9, §6, Apr. 10, 1967, 81 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(16), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §215(c), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §506, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 90–407, §15(a)(3), July 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(4), (5), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 91–175, pt. V, §503(3), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(15), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 91–453, §12, Oct. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 968; Pub. L. 91–644, title I, §7(2), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1887; Pub. L. 92–22, §3, June 1, 1971, 85 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 92–255, title II, §212(c), Mar. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 69; Pub. L. 92–261, §9(c), (d), Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 92–302, §2(d), May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149; Pub. L. 92–603, title IV, §404(a), Oct. 30, 1972, 86 Stat. 1488; Pub. L. 93–43, §2(c), June 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 78; Pub. L. 93–74, §8, July 23, 1973, 87 Stat. 175; Pub. L. 90–351, title I, §506(b), as added Pub. L. 93–83, §2, Aug. 6, 1973, 87 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–271, §2, Apr. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 92; Pub. L. 93–126, §9(c), as added Pub. L. 93–312, §9, June 8, 1974, 88 Stat. 238; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, §818(b), Aug. 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 740; Pub. L. 93–438, title III, §310(4), Oct. 11, 1974, 88 Stat. 1253; Pub. L. 93–463, title I, §102(c), Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1392; Pub. L. 93–618, title I, §172(c)(3), Jan. 3, 1975, 88 Stat. 2010; Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(b)(5), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 420; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(19), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 94–237, §4(c)(6), Mar. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 244; Pub. L. 94–307, §7, June 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 681; Pub. L. 94–370, §15(b), July 26, 1976, 90 Stat. 1032; Pub. L. 94–422, title II, §202, Sept. 28, 1976, 90 Stat. 1323; Pub. L. 94–503, title II, §202(c), Oct. 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 94–561, §3(b), Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 94–582, §26, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2889; Pub. L. 95–89, title II, §209, Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 558; Pub. L. 95–91, title VII, §710(g), Aug. 4, 1977, 91 Stat. 609; Pub. L. 95–115, §3(a)(6), Oct. 3, 1977, 91 Stat. 1049; Pub. L. 95–219, §3(b), Dec. 28, 1977, 91 Stat. 1614; Pub. L. 95–452, §10(b), Oct. 12, 1978, 92 Stat. 1108; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §§201(b)(3), 202(c)(4), title VII, §703(e), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121, 1131, 1217; Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §406, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1864; Pub. L. 96–53, title IV, §412(c), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 377; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(25)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(11), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 96–88, title V, §508(f), (g), Oct. 17, 1979, 93 Stat. 692; Pub. L. 96–107, title VIII, §820(e)(2), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 819; Pub. L. 96–209, title I, §109, Mar. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 97; Pub. L. 96–466, title V, §504(d), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2203; Pub. L. 97–31, §12(1)(C), Aug. 6, 1981, 95 Stat. 153; Pub. L. 97–113, title VII, §705(b)(3), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1545; Pub. L. 97–258, §2(a), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1052; Pub. L. 97–325, §8(c), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 97–449, §3(4), (5), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2441; Pub. L. 98–557, §26(b), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2873; Pub. L. 99–73, §6(b)(2), July 29, 1985, 99 Stat. 173; Pub. L. 99–93, title VII, §704(a)(3), Aug. 16, 1985, 99 Stat. 446; Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1204(c), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 721; Pub. L. 99–383, §7(b)(2), Aug. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 99–619, §2(c)(2), (d), Nov. 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 3491; Pub. L. 99–659, title IV, §407(e)(3), Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3740; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title XII, §1245(c), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1165; Pub. L. 100–504, title I, §103(b), Oct. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 2522; Pub. L. 100–527, §13(g), Oct. 25, 1988, 102 Stat. 2643; Pub. L. 100–598, §8, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3035; Pub. L. 100–607, title V, §503(b)(1), Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3121; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, §7252(b)(4), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4436; Pub. L. 100–713, title VI, §601(d), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4826; Pub. L. 101–319, §§3(b), 4, July 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 290, 291; Pub. L. 101–501, title IX, §915(b)(1)(B), Nov. 3, 1990, 104 Stat. 1263; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §113(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1455; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §903(a)(2), div. C, title XXXV, §3504(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1451, 1586; Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3004(d)(2), title VI, §6006(d), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088, 2174; Pub. L. 102–359, §2(b)(2), Aug. 26, 1992, 106 Stat. 962; Pub. L. 103–123, title I, §108(a)(1), Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1234; Pub. L. 103–333, title I, §106, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2549; Pub. L. 103–354, title II, §294, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3237; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title IX, §904(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 403; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1073(e)(1)(A), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2658; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title X, §1073(e)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1906; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XII, §1224(4), title XIII, §1332(3), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–772, 2681–785; Pub. L. 105–393, title I, §103, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3617; Pub. L. 106–44, §2(b), Aug. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4732(b)(4)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–583; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §101(d)(2), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10702(c)(2), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 108–426, §3(c), Nov. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2425; Pub. L. 109–313, §2(b), Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title IX, §901(n)(2)(B), (3), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4327; Pub. L. 113–76, div. H, title I, §111(b), Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 362; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title VI, §6011(d)(1)(C), Dec. 4, 2015, 129 Stat. 1570; Pub. L. 114–289, title V, §501(c)(4), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1490; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, §1470(b)(3), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3516.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(99) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(e). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(e), 78 Stat. 419. |

(100)–(116) | 5 U.S.C. 2211(g). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(g), 78 Stat. 422. |


Paragraphs (100)–(116) are added on authority of former section 2211(g) which authorized the President to place, from Aug. 15, 1964, to Feb. 1, 1965, not more than 30 positions in Levels IV and V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule. Pursuant to this authority, the President by Executive Order No. 11189, Nov. 23, 1964, as amended by Executive Order No. 11195, Jan. 30, 1965, placed the positions listed in paragraphs (100)–(116) in Level V.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5316(60) | 5 App.: 2211(e)(60). | July 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–492, §4(1), 80 Stat. 262. |

5316(94) | 5 App.: 2211(e)(94). | Sept. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–174, §5(b)(as applicable to §303(e)(94) of the Federal Executive Salary Act of 1964), 79 Stat. 669. |

5316(95) | 5 App.: 2211(e)(95). | Aug. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–115, §4(c)(words after semicolon), 79 Stat. 449. |

5316(120) | 5 App.: 2211(e)(100). | Aug. 26, 1965, Pub. L. 89–136, §601(c), 79 Stat. 570. |

5316(121) | [Uncodified]. | 1965 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §4(a)(2d sentence, less 1st 18 words), eff. July 13, 1965, 79 Stat. 1318. |

5316(122) | 42:3533(b) (last 29 words). | Sept. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–174, §4(b)(last 29 words), 79 Stat. 668. |

5316(123) | 5 App.: 2211(e)(101). | July 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89–492, §4(2), 80 Stat. 262. |

5316(124) | 49: 1652(f)(2) (last 15 words in 2d sentence). | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §3(f)(2)(last 15 words in 2d sentence), 80 Stat. 932. |

5316(125) | 49: 1652(f)(1) (last 15 words in 2d sentence). | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–670, §3(f)(1)(last 15 words in 2d sentence), 80 Stat. 932. |


The deletion of paragraphs (22), (38), and (83) of 5 U.S.C. 5316 reflects (1) the termination, effective June 30, 1965, of the position of "Area Redevelopment Administrator, Department of Commerce" pursuant to Public Law 87–27 (sec. 29, 75 Stat. 63; 42 U.S.C. 2525); (2) the abolition of the position of "Chief, Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce" by 1965 Reorganization Plan No. 2 (sec. 2(a), 79 Stat. 1318); and (3) the abolition of the position of "General Counsel of the Housing and Home Finance Agency" by Public Law 89–174 (sec. 5(a), 9(c), 79 Stat. 669, 671).

The redesignation of paragraphs (117) and (118) as paragraphs "(118)" and "(119)", respectively, eliminates duplicate paragraph numbering effected by section 10(d)(5) of Public Law 89–670 and section 1(2) of Public Law 89–734.

The paragraph designations for the positions added by Pub. L. 96–88 have been omitted in view of the deletion of all paragraph designations in this section by Pub. L. 96–54.

**2018**—Pub. L. 115–254 struck out item relating to Vice Presidents, Overseas Private Investment Corporation (3).

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–289 inserted item relating to Chairman of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–94 struck out item relating to Associate Deputy Secretary, Department of Transportation.

**2014**—Pub. L. 113–76 struck out item relating to Administrator, Wage and Hour and Public Contracts Division, Department of Labor.

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–383, §901(n)(3), struck out items relating to Director, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, Deputy General Counsel, Department of Defense, Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Research and Engineering, Department of Defense, and Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense.

Pub. L. 111–383, §901(n)(2)(B), struck out item relating to Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs, Department of Defense.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–313 substituted "Commissioner, Federal Acquisition Service, General Services Administration" for "Commissioner, Federal Supply Service, General Services Administration".

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–426 struck out item relating to Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–171 struck out items relating to General Counsel, Commodity Futures Trading Commission and Executive Director, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–159 inserted items relating to Deputy Administrator of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration and Assistant Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrator.

Pub. L. 106–113 which directed amendment of this section by striking out items relating to Commissioner of Patents, Department of Commerce, Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Assistant Commissioner for Patents, and Assistant Commissioner for Trademarks, was executed by striking out items relating to Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Assistant Commissioner for Patents, and Assistant Commissioner for Trademarks to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 106–44, §2(b), which struck out item relating to Commissioner of Patents, Department of Commerce. See below.

Pub. L. 106–44 struck out item relating to Commissioner of Patents, Department of Commerce.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–393 struck out item relating to Administrator for Economic Development.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1332(3), struck out items relating to Deputy Director, Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency, and Associate Director (Policy and Plans), United States Information Agency.

Pub. L. 105–277, §1224(4), struck out item relating to General Counsel of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs" for "Atomic Energy".

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–201 inserted "Defense" before "Advanced Research Projects Agency".

Pub. L. 104–106, which directed amendment of section by substituting "Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs, Department of Defense." for "The Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy, Department of Defense.", could not be executed because the words to be substituted for did not appear.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–354 struck out following items relating to Department of Agriculture: Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service, Administrator, Agricultural Research Service, Administrator, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, Administrator, Farmers Home Administration, Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service, Administrator, Rural Electrification Administration, Administrator, Soil Conservation Service, Chief Forester of the Forest Service, Director of Science and Education, Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, and Administrator, Federal Grain Inspection Service.

Pub. L. 103–333 struck out item relating to Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–123 struck out item relating to Commissioner of Customs, Department of the Treasury.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–359 struck out item relating to Additional Officers, Department of Education.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240, §6006(d), inserted item relating to Director, Bureau of Transportation Statistics.

Pub. L. 102–240, §3004(d)(2), substituted "Deputy Administrator, Federal Transit Administration" for "Deputy Administrator, Urban Mass Transportation Administration".

Pub. L. 102–190, §3504(b), struck out item relating to Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission.

Pub. L. 102–190, §903(a)(2), struck out items relating to General Counsels of the Departments of the Air Force, Army, and Navy.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 struck out item relating to Director, Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce.

Pub. L. 101–501 inserted item relating to Commissioner, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families.

Pub. L. 101–319, §4, inserted items relating to Deputy Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Assistant Commissioner for Patents, and Assistant Commissioner for Trademarks.

Pub. L. 101–319, §3(b), inserted item relating to Commissioners, United States Parole Commission.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–713 inserted item relating to Director, Indian Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 100–690 struck out item relating to Associate Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

Pub. L. 100–607 struck out item relating to Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services.

Pub. L. 100–598 struck out item relating to Director of Office of Government Ethics.

Pub. L. 100–527 struck out items relating to Associate Deputy Administrator of Veterans' Affairs, Chief Benefits Director, Veterans' Administration, General Counsel of the Veterans' Administration, and Director, National Cemetery System, Veterans' Administration.

Pub. L. 100–504 struck out items relating to Inspectors General for Departments of Commerce and Interior and for Agency for International Development, Community Services Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, General Services Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Small Business Administration and relating to Deputy Inspectors General for Departments of Energy and Health and Human Services.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–180 substituted "Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy, Department of Defense" for "Chairman of the Military Liaison Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission, Department of Defense".

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–659 inserted item relating to Chief Scientist, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Pub. L. 99–619, §2(c)(2), struck out item relating to Assistant Secretary of Labor for Administration.

Pub. L. 99–619, §2(d), struck out item relating to Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment.

Pub. L. 99–383 struck out item relating to Assistant Directors, National Science Foundation (4).

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–145 struck out item relating to Administrator of Education for Overseas Dependents, Department of Education.

Pub. L. 99–93 struck out item relating to Assistant Directors, United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (4).

Pub. L. 99–73 struck out item relating to Director, National Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–557 inserted item relating to Associate Deputy Secretary, Department of Transportation.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–449, §3(4), substituted "Assistant Federal Highway Administrator" for "Director, National Highway Safety Bureau".

Pub. L. 97–449, §3(5), substituted "Deputy Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration" for "Director, National Traffic Safety Bureau".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–325 struck out item relating to Assistant Secretary of Agriculture for Administration.

Pub. L. 97–258 inserted item relating to Additional officers, Office of Management and Budget (6).

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–113 substituted "Inspector General, Agency for International Development" for "Auditor General of the Agency for International Development".

Pub. L. 97–31 purported to strike out "Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce" which was executed by striking out "Maritime Administrator, Department of Commerce." as the probable intent of Congress.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–466 inserted item relating to Assistant Secretary of Labor for Veterans' Employment.

Pub. L. 96–209, §109(1), which provided for striking out par. (31) and inserting in lieu thereof "(31) Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice." was executed by striking out the item relating to the Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States which was designated par. (31) prior to amendment of this section by Pub. L. 96–54 and inserting the item relating to the Chairman, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of the United States, Department of Justice. See 1979 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 96–209, §109(2), which provided for striking out par. (90) was executed by striking out item relating to Members, Foreign Claims Settlement Commission of United States which was designated par. (90) prior to amendment of this section by Pub. L. 96–54. See 1979 Amendment note below.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–88, §508(f)(1), which provided for striking out par. (41) was executed by striking out item relating to Commissioner of Education, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare which was designated par. (41) prior to amendment of this section by Pub. L. 96–54. See 1979 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 96–88, §508(g), substituted "Health and Human Services" for "Health, Education, and Welfare" in items relating to the Assistant Secretary of Health and Human Services for Administration, the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, the Commissioner of Vocational Rehabilitation, the Commissioner of Welfare, and the Deputy Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services.

Pars. (1) to (152). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out paragraph designations for positions listed herein.

Pars. (37), (38). Pub. L. 96–88, §508(f)(2), added pars. (37) and (38) relating to additional officers and Administrator of Education for Overseas Dependents in Department of Education, respectively. See Codification note set out above.

Par. (87). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Administrator of the Panama Canal Commission" for "Governor of the Canal Zone".

Par. (96). Pub. L. 96–107 substituted "Deputy Under Secretaries of Defense for Research and Engineering, Department of Defense" for "Deputy Directors of Defense Research and Engineering, Department of Defense".

Par. (152). Pub. L. 96–53 added par. (152) relating to two additional officers in Institute for Scientific and Technological Cooperation.

**1978**—Par. (99). Pub. L. 95–454, §202(c)(4), struck out par. (99) relating to Executive Director of United States Civil Service Commission.

Par. (122). Pub. L. 95–454, §201(b)(3), added par. (122) relating to five Associate Directors of Office of Personnel Management.

Par. (144). Pub. L. 95–452, §10(b), added par. (144) relating to Deputy Inspector General, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Par. (145). Pub. L. 95–454, §703(e), added par. (145) relating to Members and General Counsel of Federal Labor Relations Authority.

Pub. L. 95–452 added par. (145) relating to Inspector General, Department of Commerce.

Par. (146). Pub. L. 95–521 added par. (146) relating to Director of Office of Government Ethics.

Pub. L. 95–452 added par. (146) relating to Inspector General, Department of the Interior.

Pars. (147) to (151). Pub. L. 95–452 added pars. (147) to (151) relating to Inspector General, Community Services Administration, Inspector General, Environmental Protection Agency, Inspector General, General Services Administration, Inspector General, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Inspector General, Small Business Administration, respectively.

**1977**—Par. (11). Pub. L. 95–89 substituted "(4)" for "(3)" in par. (11) relating to Associate Administrators of the Small Business Administration.

Par. (135). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Deputy Inspector General, Department of Energy" for "General Counsel, Energy Research and Development Administration", covered in section 5315 by item relating to General Counsel of the Department of Energy.

Par. (136). Pub. L. 95–91 substituted "Department of Energy (14)" for "Energy Research and Development Administration (8)".

Par. (140). Pub. L. 95–219 substituted "Assistant" for "Associate", relating to Assistant Administrator for Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Par. (141). Pub. L. 95–219 added par. (141) relating to Assistant Administrator for Fisheries.

Pub. L. 95–115 added par. (141) relating to Associate Administrator Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Pars. (142), (143). Pub. L. 95–219 added pars. (142) and (143) relating to three Assistant Administrators, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and General Counsel, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, respectively.

**1976**—Par. (15). Pub. L. 94–307 substituted "(7)" for "(6)" in par. (15) relating to Associate Administrators, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Par. (44). Pub. L. 94–503 struck out par. (44) relating to Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization, Department of Justice.

Par. (55). Pub. L. 94–561, §3(b)(1), struck out par. (55) relating to Director of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture.

Par. (58). Pub. L. 94–503 struck out par. (58) relating to Director, Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice.

Pars. (115), (116). Pub. L. 94–503 struck out par. (115) relating to United States Attorney for Northern District of Illinois, and par. (116) relating to United States Attorney for Southern District of California.

Par. (131). Pub. L. 94–237 struck out par. (131) relating to Assistant Directors, Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (6).

Par. (134). Pub. L. 94–503 struck out par. (134) relating to Deputy Administrator for Administration of Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

Par. (135). Pub. L. 94–422 added par. (135) relating to Executive Director, Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

Par. (137). Pub. L. 94–582 added par. (137) relating to Administrator, Federal Grain Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture.

Pub. L. 94–561 added par. (137) relating to Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Department of Agriculture.

Par. (140). Pub. L. 94–370 added par. (140) relating to Associate Administrator for Coastal Zone Management, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–82 substituted provisions applying level V of Executive Schedule to positions for which annual rate of basic pay shall be rate determined with respect to such level under chapter 11 of title 2, as adjusted by section 5318 of this title, for provisions applying such level V to positions for which annual rate of basic pay is $28,000.

Par. (93). Pub. L. 93–613 struck out par. (93) relating to Members, United States Tariff Commission.

Pars. (134) to (139). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated par. (133), Deputy Administrator for Administration of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, par. (134), General Counsel, Energy Research and Development Administration, par. (135), Additional officers, Energy Research and Development Administration (8), par. (135), General Counsel, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, par. (136), Additional officers, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (5), and par. (136), Executive Director, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, as pars. (134) to (139), respectively.

**1974**—Par. (29). Pub. L. 93–438 struck out par. (29) relating to Assistant General Manager, Atomic Energy Commission.

Par. (42). Pub. L. 93–271, §2, substituted "Director, United States Fish and Wildlife" for "Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife".

Par. (62). Pub. L. 93–438 struck out par. (62) relating to Director of Regulation, Atomic Energy Commission. See section 5315 of this title.

Par. (69). Pub. L. 93–438 struck out par. (69) relating to Deputy General Manager, Atomic Energy Commission.

Par. (81). Pub. L. 93–438 substituted "General Counsel of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission" for "General Counsel of the Atomic Energy Commission".

Par. (102). Pub. L. 93–438 struck out par. (102) relating to Assistant General Managers, Atomic Energy Commission (2).

Par. (109). Pub. L. 93–126, §9(c), as added by Pub. L. 93–312, repealed par. (109) relating to Director of International Scientific Affairs, Department of State.

Par. (122). Pub. L. 93–383 struck out par. (122) relating to Assistant Secretary of Housing and Urban Development for Administration.

Par. (134). Pub. L. 93–438 added par. (134) relating to General Counsel, Energy Research and Development Administration.

Pars. (135), (136), Pub. L. 93–463 added pars. (135) and (136) relating, respectively, to General Counsel, Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and Executive Director, Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

Pub. L. 93–438 added pars. (135) and (136) relating, respectively, to additional officers, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and additional officers, Energy Research and Development Administration.

**1973**—Pars. (15) to (17). Pub. L. 93–74 added par. (15), Associate Administrators, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (6), and repealed provisions of former pars. (15) for an Associate Administrator for Advanced Research and Technology, (16) for Associate Administrator for Space Science and Applications, and (17) for Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Pars. (131) to (133). Pub. L. 93–43 redesignated par. (131) relating to General Counsel of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission as par. (132), and added par. (133) relating to Director, National Cemetery System.

Par. (133). Pub. L. 93–83 added par. (133) relating to Deputy Administrator for Administration of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration.

**1972**—Pars. (28), (64). Pub. L. 92–302 struck out pars. (28) and (64) relating to an Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Administration and a Deputy Under Secretary for Monetary Affairs, Department of the Treasury, respectively.

Par. (51). Pub. L. 92–603 struck out par. (51) relating to Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. See section 5315 of this title.

Par. (111). Pub. L. 92–261, §9(c), struck out par. (111) relating to Members, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (4). See section 5315 of this title.

Par. (131). Pub. L. 92–261, §9(d), added par. (131) relating to General Counsel of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Pub. L. 92–255 added par. (131) relating to Assistant Directors, Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention.

**1971**—Par. (25). Pub. L. 92–22 struck out position of Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Administration. See section 1453a of Title 43 and section 5315 of this title.

Par. (126). Pub. L. 91–644 struck out par. (126) relating to Associate Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance (2). See section 5315 of this title.

**1970**—Pars. (37), (60), (123). Pub. L. 91–375 struck out pars. (37), (60), and (123) relating to Chief Postal Inspector; Director, Research and Development; and Director, Construction Engineering, respectively.

Par. (130). Pub. L. 91–453 added par. (130) relating to Deputy Administrator, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Department of Transportation.

**1969**—Pars. (128), (129). Pub. L. 91–175 added pars. (128) and (129) relating to Auditor-General of the Agency for International Development, and Vice Presidents, Overseas Private Investment Corporation (3), respectively.

**1968**—Par. (66). Pub. L. 90–407 substituted "Assistant Directors, National Science Foundation (4)" for "Deputy Director, National Science Foundation".

Par. (126). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(4), inserted "(2)" at end of par. (126) relating to Associate Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

Pub. L. 90–351 added par. (126) relating to Associate Administrator of Law Enforcement Assistance.

Par. (127). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(5), added par. (127) relating to Director, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, Department of Justice.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206 increased annual rate of basic pay from $26,000 to $28,000.

Pars. (46), (47). Pub. L. 90–9 struck out par. (46) relating to Chief Commissioner, Indian Claims Commission, and substituted "Commissioners, Indian Claims Commission (5)" for "Associate Commissioners, Indian Claims Commission (2)" in par. (47).

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–779 substituted "Associate Administrators of the Small Business Administration (3)" for "Deputy Administrators of the Small Business Administration (4)" in par. (11).

Pub. L. 89–734 added par. (117) relating to Director, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, and par. (118).

Pub. L. 89–670 added par. (117) relating to Assistant Secretary for Administration, Department of Transportation, and struck out pars. (10) Administrator of the Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, (12) Associate Administrator for Administration, Federal Aviation Agency, (13) Associate Administrator for Development, Federal Aviation Agency, (14) Associate Administrator for Programs, Federal Aviation Agency, (76) Federal Highway Administrator, Department of Commerce, and (82) General Counsel of the Federal Aviation Agency, subject to the provisions of section 1657 of former Title 49, Transportation.

Bureau of Mines redesignated United States Bureau of Mines by section 10(b) of Pub. L. 102–285, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining.

Geological Survey redesignated United States Geological Survey by provision of title I of Pub. L. 102–154, set out as a note under section 31 of Title 43, Public Lands.

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by section 901 of Pub. L. 111–383 effective Jan. 1, 2011, see section 901(p) of Pub. L. 111–383, set out as a note under section 131 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 109–313, §6, Oct. 6, 2006, 120 Stat. 1738, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title of 2006 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 6, 2006]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–159 effective Jan. 1, 2000, see section 107(a) of Pub. L. 106–159, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 49, Transportation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–113 effective 4 months after Nov. 29, 1999, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §4731] of Pub. L. 106–113, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–393 effective on date determined by Secretary of Commerce, but not later than 90 days after Nov. 13, 1998, see section 105 of Pub. L. 105–393, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3121 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by section 1224(4) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by section 1332(3) of Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–123 effective on first applicable pay period after Oct. 28, 1993, see section 108(b) of Pub. L. 103–123, set out as a note under section 5315 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–359 effective on first day of first pay period that begins on or after Aug. 26, 1992, see section 2(b)(3) of Pub. L. 102–359, set out as a note under section 5315 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–501 effective Oct. 1, 1990, see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 101–501, set out as a note under section 8621 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–527 effective Mar. 15, 1989, see section 18(a) of Pub. L. 100–527, set out as a Department of Veterans Affairs Act note under section 301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–504 effective 180 days after Oct. 18, 1988, see section 113 of Pub. L. 100–504, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 1988 Amendments note under section 5315 of this title.

Section 2(e) of Pub. L. 99–619 provided that: "Subsection (c) of this section [amending this section and Reorg. Plan No. 6 of 1950, set out in the Appendix to this title] shall become effective on the day upon which the individual who is the incumbent of the position abolished by such subsection, as of the date of enactment [Nov. 6, 1986], ceases to hold the position."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–73 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 99–73, set out as a note under section 5315 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–325 to take effect on the appointment of a person to fill successor position created by section 2212c of Title 7, Agriculture, see section 8(e) of Pub. L. 97–325.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–466 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 802(e) of Pub. L. 96–466, set out as a note under section 4101 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–209 effective Mar. 14, 1980, see title VI of Pub. L. 96–209, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1622a of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–88 effective May 4, 1980, with specified exceptions, see section 601 of Pub. L. 96–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3401 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective Jan. 1, 1980, see section 2(a)(25)(B) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 5312 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–452 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 12 of Pub. L. 95–452 set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Act note under section 401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective Oct. 1, 1977, see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of Title 34, Crime Control and Law Enforcement.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–582 effective 30 days after Oct. 21, 1976, see section 27 of Pub. L. 94–582, as amended, set out as a note under section 74 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–463 effective Oct. 23, 1974, see section 418 of Pub. L. 93–463, set out as a note under section 2 of Title 7, Agriculture.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–438 effective 120 days after Oct. 11, 1974, or on such earlier date as President may prescribe and publish in Federal Register, except that officers provided for in sections 5811–5820 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, may be nominated and appointed at any time after Oct. 11, 1974, see section 312(a) of Pub. L. 93–438, set out as an Effective Date; Interim Appointments note under section 5801 of Title 42.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–271 effective July 1, 1974, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–271, set out as a note under section 742b of Title 16, Conservation.

Offices and salaries modified under amendment by Pub. L. 93–83, prospectively only, effective on and after Aug. 6, 1973, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–83, Aug. 6, 1973, 83 Stat. 218.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–43 effective June 18, 1973, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 93–43, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2400 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–603 effective on first day of first pay period of Commissioner of Social Security, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which commences on or after first day of month which follows month in which Pub. L. 92–603 was enacted, see section 404(c) of Pub. L. 92–603, set out as a note under section 5315 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–302, abolishing offices of Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Administration and Deputy Under Secretary for Monetary Affairs, Department of the Treasury, effective on confirmation by Senate of Presidential appointees to fill the successor positions created by Pub. L. 92–302, see, section 3(b) of Pub. L. 92–302, May 18, 1972, 86 Stat. 149.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–22 effective on Senate confirmation of Presidential appointment under section 1453a of Title 43 and section 5315(18) of this title, see note set out under section 1453a of Title 43, Public Lands.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–407 effective on first day of first calendar month which begins on or after July 18, 1968, see section 15(a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–407, set out as a note under section 5313 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective as of beginning of first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 603 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by President and published in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

Indian Claims Commission terminated on Sept. 30, 1978, pursuant to Pub. L. 94–465, §2, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1990.

Commissioner of Patents redesignated Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks by Pub. L. 93–596, §3, Jan. 2, 1975, 88 Stat. 1949, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 35, Patents.

Bonneville Power Administration transferred to Department of Energy by section 7152 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VII, §703(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1996, which provided that, notwithstanding this section, the General Counsel of each of the military departments was to be paid at the highest rate of basic pay payable under section 5382 of this title, to a member of the Senior Executive Service, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, §903(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1451.

Pub. L. 95–567, title I, §106(c), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2409, provided that: "The position of Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Communications and Information, established in Department of Commerce Organization Order Numbered 10–10 (effective March 26, 1978), shall be compensated at the rate of pay in effect from time to time for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of title 5, United States Code."

Subversive Activities Control Board, Chairman and Members of which were compensated under this section, ceased operation on June 3, 1973, as unfunded by Congress.

For adjustment of salaries under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For prior year salary increases per the recommendation of the President, see Prior Salary Recommendations notes under section 358 of Title 2, The Congress.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Office of Emergency Preparedness, including offices of Director, Deputy Director, Assistant Directors, and Regional Directors, abolished and functions vested by law in Office of Emergency Preparedness or Director of Office of Emergency Preparedness transferred to President by sections 1 and 3(a)(1) of 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 1, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Environmental Science Services Administration in Department of Commerce, including offices of Administrator and Deputy Administrator thereof, abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1970, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090, set out in the Appendix to this title, which created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Department of Commerce and transferred personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of funds of Environmental Science Services Administration to such newly created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Components of Environmental Science Services Administration thus transferred included Weather Bureau [now National Weather Service], Coast and Geodetic Survey [now National Ocean Survey], Environmental Data Service, National Environmental Satellite Center, and ESSA Research Laboratories.

Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, including office of Director thereof, in Department of Justice abolished by 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 2, eff. July 1, 1973, 38 F.R. 15932, 87 Stat. 1091, set out in the Appendix to this title, 1973 Reorg. Plan No. 2 also created in Department of Justice an agency to be known as Drug Enforcement Administration, with an Administrator and Deputy Administrator appointed by President with advice and consent of Senate.

In addition to the positions listed in sections 5315 and 5316 of this title, the President, from time to time, may place in levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule positions held by not to exceed 34 individuals when he considers that action necessary to reflect changes in organization, management responsibilities, or workload in an Executive agency. Such an action with respect to a position to which appointment is made by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate is effective only at the time of a new appointment to the position. Notice of each action taken under this section shall be published in the Federal Register, except when the President determines that the publication would be contrary to the interest of national security. The President may not take action under this section with respect to a position the pay for which is fixed at a specific rate by this subchapter or by statute enacted after August 14, 1964.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 467; Pub. L. 89–670, §10(d)(6), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 948; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(17), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2211(f). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §303(f), 78 Stat. 421. |


The word "offices" is omitted as included in "positions". The term "Executive agency" is substituted for "Federal department or agency" in view of the definition in section 105. The words "after August 14, 1964" are substituted for "subsequent to the date of enactment of this Act".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 5317 conforms to the style of title 5.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–670 increased from thirty to thirty-four the number of additional level IV and V positions authorized when necessary.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–670 effective Apr. 1, 1967, as prescribed by President and published in Federal Register, see section 16(a), formerly §15(a), of Pub. L. 89–670 and Ex. Ord. No. 11340, Mar. 30, 1967, 32 F.R. 5453.

Ex. Ord. No. 11189, Nov. 23, 1964, 29 F.R. 15855, which placed certain positions in levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12060, May 15, 1978, 43 F.R. 21315.

Ex. Ord. No. 11195, Jan. 30, 1965, 30 F.R. 1169, which placed certain positions in levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12060, May 15, 1978, 43 F.R. 21315.

Ex. Ord. 11861, May 21, 1975, 40 F.R. 22531, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11864, June 13, 1975, 40 F.R. 25579; Ex. Ord. No. 11872, July 21, 1975, 40 F.R. 30619; Ex. Ord. No. 11877, Sept. 2, 1975, 40 F.R. 40797; Ex. Ord. No. 11885, Oct. 15, 1975, 40 F.R. 48491; Ex. Ord. No. 11893, Dec. 31, 1975, 41 F.R. 1040; Ex. Ord. No. 11898, Jan. 14, 1976, 41 F.R. 2365; Ex. Ord. No. 11908, Mar. 18, 1976, 41 F.R. 11805; Ex. Ord. No. 11927, July 22, 1976, 41 F.R. 30583; Ex. Ord. No. 11976, Mar. 11, 1977, 42 F.R. 14081; Ex. Ord. No. 11983, May 4, 1977, 42 F.R. 23127; Ex. Ord. No. 11986, May 20, 1977, 42 F.R. 26407; Ex. Ord. No. 11995, June 8, 1977, 42 F.R. 29841; Ex. Ord. No. 11999, June 27, 1977, 42 F.R. 33255; Ex. Ord. No. 12025, Dec. 1, 1977, 42 F.R. 61447; Ex. Ord. No. 12035, Jan. 20, 1978, 43 F.R. 3073; Ex. Ord. No. 12060, May 15, 1978, 43 F.R. 21315; Ex. Ord. No. 12069, June 30, 1978, 43 F.R. 28973, which related to the placement of certain positions in levels IV and V, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12076, Aug. 18, 1978, 43 F.R. 37161, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11864, June 13, 1975, 40 F.R. 25579, which placed the position of Adviser to the Secretary (Counselor, Economic Policy Board), Department of the Treasury, to terminate effective August 1, 1975, in level IV of the Executive Schedule was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11877, Sept. 2, 1975, 40 F.R. 40797.

Ex. Ord. No. 11995, June 8, 1977, 42 F.R. 29841, which placed the position of Executive Director, Federal Personnel Management Systems Study, United States Civil Service Commission, in level V of the Executive Schedule, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12060, May 15, 1978, 43 F.R. 21315.

Ex. Ord. No. 12076, Aug. 18, 1978, 43 F.R. 37161, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12099, Nov. 17, 1978, 43 F.R. 54191; Ex. Ord. No. 12111, Jan. 2, 1979, 44 F.R. 1071; Ex. Ord. No. 12119, Feb. 14, 1979, 44 F.R. 10039, which related to the placement of positions in levels IV and V of the Federal Executive Salary Schedule, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12154, Sept. 4, 1979, 44 F.R. 51965, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12154, Sept. 4, 1979, 44 F.R. 51965, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12199, Mar. 12, 1980, 45 F.R. 16441; Ex. Ord. No. 12236, Sept. 3, 1980, 45 F.R. 58805; Ex. Ord. No. 12237, Sept. 3, 1980, 45 F.R. 58807; Ex. Ord. No. 12422, May 20, 1983, 48 F.R. 23157; Ex. Ord. No. 12431, July 8, 1983, 48 F.R. 31849; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617; Ex. Ord. No. 12678, Apr. 28, 1989, 54 F.R. 18872; Ex. Ord. No. 12679, June 23, 1989, 54 F.R. 27149; Ex. Ord. No. 12749, Feb. 4, 1991, 56 F.R. 4711; Ex. Ord. No. 12758, Apr. 5, 1991, 56 F.R. 14631; Ex. Ord. No. 12814, Sept. 10, 1992, 57 F.R. 42483; Ex. Ord. No. 12833, Jan. 19, 1993, 58 F.R. 5907; Ex. Ord. No. 12841, Mar. 9, 1993, 58 F.R. 13529; Ex. Ord. No. 12942, Dec. 12, 1994, 59 F.R. 64551; Ex. Ord. No. 13063, Sept. 30, 1997, 62 F.R. 51757, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by Section 5317 of Title 5 of the United States Code it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. The following positions are placed in level IV of the Executive Schedule:

(a) Counselor to the Secretary, Department of the Treasury.

(b) Deputy Under Secretary for International Labor Affairs, Department of Labor.

(c) Administrator, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health and Human Services.

(d) Executive Secretary of the National Security Council.

(e) Administrator, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Department of Justice.

(f) Comptroller of the Department of Defense [now Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)].

(g) Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (1).

(h) Director, Office for Victims of Crime, Department of Justice.

(i) Director, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Department of Justice.

(j) Director of the National Institutes of Health.

(k) Members, Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (5).

(k)[(l)] Commissioner on Aging [now Assistant Secretary for Aging], Department of Health and Human Services[.]

1–102. The following positions are placed in level V of the Executive Schedule:

(a) Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Reserve Affairs, Department of Defense.

(b) Executive Assistant and Counselor to the Secretary of Labor, Department of Labor.

(c) Deputy Under Secretary for Education, Department of Education.

(d) Deputy Under Secretary for Education, Department of Education.

(e) Commissioner, Administration for Native Americans[.]

1–201. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to terminate or otherwise affect the appointment, or to require the reappointment, of any occupant of any position listed in Section 1–1 of this Order who was the occupant of that position immediately prior to the issuance of this Order.

1–202. Executive Order No. 12076, as amended, is hereby revoked.

(a) Subject to subsection (b), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 of this title in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, the annual rate of pay for positions at each level of the Executive Schedule shall be adjusted by an amount, rounded to the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100), equal to the percentage of such annual rate of pay which corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.

(b) In no event shall the percentage adjustment taking effect under subsection (a) in any calendar year (before rounding), in any rate of pay, exceed the percentage adjustment taking effect in such calendar year under section 5303 in the rates of pay under the General Schedule.

(Added Pub. L. 94–82, title II, §202(a), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 419; amended Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, §704(a)(2)(A), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1769; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(4)(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439; Pub. L. 103–356, title I, §101(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3411.)

The General Schedule, referred to in text, is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 704(a)(1) of Pub. L. 101–194, which is set out below.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–356 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Subject to subsection (b), effective" for "Effective", and added subsec. (b).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "5303" for "5305".

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–194 substituted "corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect" for "corresponds to the overall average percentage (as set forth in the report transmitted to the Congress under such section 5305) of the adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule".

Pub. L. 103–356, title I, §101, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3410, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective as of Dec. 31, 1994.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, §704(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1769, provided that: "This section and the amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 4501 of Title 2, The Congress, section 104 of Title 3, The President, and section 461 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1991."

Pub. L. 102–90, title I, §6(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450, provided that: "The rate of pay for the offices referred to under section 703(a)(2)(B) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 [Pub. L. 101–194] (5 U.S.C. 5318 note) shall be the rate of pay that would be payable for each such office if the provisions of sections 703(a)(2)(B) and 1101(a)(1)(A) of such Act (5 U.S.C. 5318 note and 5305 note) had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, §703, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1768, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(3)

"(b)

Pub. L. 101–194, title VII, §704(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1769, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A)

"(i) the term 'Employment Cost Index' or 'ECI' means the Employment Cost Index (wages and salaries, private industry workers) published quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and

"(ii) the term 'base quarter' means the 3-month period ending on December 31 of a year.

"(B)

"(i) reducing—

"(I) the ECI for the last base quarter prior to that date, by

"(II) the ECI for the second to last base quarter prior to that date,

"(ii) dividing the difference under clause (i) by the ECI for the base quarter referred to in clause (i)(II), and

"(iii) multiplying the quotient under clause (ii) by 100, except that no percentage change determined under this paragraph shall be—

"(I) less than zero; or

"(II) greater than 5 percent.

"(2)

"(A)

'corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.'.

"(B)

'corresponds to the most recent percentage change in the ECI (relative to the date described in the next sentence), as determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989. The appropriate date under this sentence is the first day of the fiscal year in which such adjustment in the rates of pay under the General Schedule takes effect.'."

Pub. L. 98–51, title III, §304, July 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 279, reduced the rate of salary or basic pay prescribed by law as of July 14, 1983, for any office or position at level I, II, or III of the Executive Schedule, any Member of Congress, and certain other offices and positions in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia and also reduced the maximum rate of salary or basic pay prescribed by law as of July 14, 1983, for certain offices and positions in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §129(b)–(d), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1914, reduced salary increases for senior executive, judicial, and legislative positions (including Members of Congress but excluding Senators) from up to 27.2 percent to 15 percent.

Section 306(a), (b), and (d) of S. 2939, Ninety-seventh Congress, 2nd Session, as reported Sept. 22, 1982, made applicable by Pub. L. 97–276, §101(e), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1189, as amended by Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §129(a), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1914, prohibited the use of funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1983, to pay the salary or pay of any individual in an office or position in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia, at a rate which exceeded the rate (or maximum rate, if higher) of salary or basic pay payable for such office or position for Sept. 30, 1982, if that rate was either fixed at a rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of this title or limited to a maximum rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for such level V under section 5308 of this title or any other provision of law or congressional resolution.

Section 305(a), (b), and (d) of H.R. 4120, as reported July 9, 1981, made applicable by Pub. L. 97–92, §101(g), Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1190, prohibited the use of funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1982, to pay the salary or pay of any individual in any office or position in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia, at a rate which exceeded the rate (or maximum rate, if higher) of salary or basic pay payable for such office or position for Sept. 30, 1981, if that rate was either fixed at a rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of this title or limited to a maximum rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for such level V under section 5308 of this title or any other provision of law or congressional resolution.

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 97–51, §101(c), Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 959, as amended by Pub. L. 97–85, Nov. 23, 1981, 95 Stat. 1098.

Pub. L. 97–92, §141, Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1200, provided that nothing in section 305 of H.R. 4120, made applicable by section 101(g) of Pub. L. 97–92, required that the rate of salary or basic pay, payable to any individual for or on account of services performed after Dec. 31, 1981, be limited to or reduced to an amount which was less than $59,500 for pay corresponding to the rate of basic pay for level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314 of this title; $58,500 for pay corresponding to the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule under section 5315 of this title; or $57,500 for pay corresponding to the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of this title. Any adjustment to the pay of an employee paid by the Clerk of the House was to result in pay no less than that of an employee paid by the Secretary of the Senate holding an equivalent position.

Section 306(a), (b), and (d) of H.R. 7593, as passed the House of Representatives on July 21, 1980, made applicable by Pub. L. 96–536, §101(c), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3167, as amended by Pub. L. 97–12, title IV, §401, June 5, 1981, 95 Stat. 95, prohibited the use of funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1981, to pay the salary or pay of any individual in any office or position in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia, at a rate which exceeded the rate (or maximum rate, if higher) of salary or basic pay payable for such office or position for Sept. 30, 1980, if the rate of salary or basic pay for that office or position was either fixed at a rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of this title or limited to a maximum rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for such level V under section 5308 of this title or any other provision of law or congressional resolution.

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 96–369, §101(c), Oct. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 1352.

Pub. L. 96–86, §101(c), Oct. 12, 1979, 93 Stat. 657, for the fiscal year 1980, prohibited the use of funds available for payment to executive employees, including Members of Congress, entitled under existing law to approximately 12.9 percent increase in pay, to pay any such employee or official any sum in excess of 5.5 percent increase in existing pay, and such sum, if accepted, would be in lieu of the 12.9 percent due for such fiscal year.

Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §613, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1017, prohibited the use of funds appropriated for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1979, to pay the salary or pay of any individual in any office or position in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, or in the government of the District of Columbia, at a rate which exceeded the rate (or maximum rate, if higher) of salary or basic pay payable for such office or position for Sept. 30, 1978, if the rate of salary or basic pay for such office or position was either fixed at a rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under section 5316 of this title or limited to a maximum rate equal to or greater than the rate of basic pay for such level V under section 5308 of this title or any other provision of law or congressional resolution.

Identical provisions were enacted by Pub. L. 95–391, title III, §304, Sept. 30, 1978, 92 Stat. 788.

Pub. L. 95–66, July 11, 1977, 91 Stat. 270, nullified the first adjustment in pay which would have been made after July 11, 1977, under the following provisions of law: the second sentence of section 104 of Title 3, The President; par. (2) of section 4501 of Title 2, The Congress; section 461 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure; and section 5318 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–440, title II, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1446, prohibited the use of funds appropriated in any Act to pay the salary of an individual in a position or office referred to in section 356 of Title 2, The Congress, at a rate exceeding the salary rate for such position or office in effect on Sept. 30, 1976, except increases submitted by the President pursuant to sections 351 to 364 of Title 2.

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency", "employee", "position", "class", and "grade" have the meanings given them by section 5102 of this title.

(b) This subchapter applies to employees and positions to which chapter 51 applies, other than Senior Executive Service positions, positions in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, and positions to which section 5376 applies.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 467; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §408(b)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(h)(3), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §102(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1444.)

The section is added on authority of former sections 1081, 1082, 1084, and 1091, which are carried into section 5102.

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "This subchapter applies to employees and positions, other than Senior Executive Service positions and positions in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, to which chapter 51 of this title applies."

**1988**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to positions in Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted reference to Senior Executive Service positions.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

References in laws to fix pay in accordance with this subchapter and chapter 51 of this title considered to include authority under section 5376 of this title, if applicable, but not to include any authority under section 5304 of this title or section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title, see section 529 [title I, §101(c)(2)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out in a References in Other Laws to GS–16, 17, or 18 Pay Rates; Regulations note under section 5376 of this title.

(a)(1) The General Schedule, the symbol for which is "GS", is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule.

(2) The General Schedule is a schedule of annual rates of basic pay, consisting of 15 grades, designated "GS–1" through "GS–15", consecutively, with 10 rates of pay for each such grade. The rates of pay of the General Schedule are adjusted in accordance with section 5303.

(b) When payment is made on the basis of an hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the rate is computed from the appropriate annual rate of basic pay named by subsection (a) of this section in accordance with the rules prescribed by section 5504(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 467; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(18), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §202(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(e), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(29), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(F), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1113 (less (c)). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §603 (less (d)), 63 Stat. 965. |

Oct. 24, 1951, ch. 554, §1(a), 65 Stat. 612. | ||

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §109 (less (c)), 68 Stat. 1108. | ||

June 28, 1955, ch. 189, §2(a), 69 Stat. 172. | ||

June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §2(a), 72 Stat. 203. | ||

July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §112(a), 74 Stat. 298. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §602(a), 76 Stat. 843. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §102(a), 78 Stat. 400. | ||

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1113(c). | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §603 (d), 63 Stat. 965. |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §109(c), 68 Stat. 1108. |


In subsection (a), the words "the symbol for which is 'GS' " are added on authority of former section 1111 which is carried into section 5104. So much as related to the Crafts, Protective, and Custodial Schedule is omitted as repealed effective not later than Sept. 11, 1955, by the Act of Sept. 1, 1954, §§109(b), 110(b), 68 Stat. 1108.

In subsection (b), reference to payment made on the basis of a "monthly" rate is omitted since section 5504(b), former section 944(c), no longer provides for converting a basic annual rate to a basic monthly rate.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5332(a) | 5 App.: 1113(b). | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §2(a), 79 Stat. 1111. July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §102(a), 80 Stat. 288. |


**1993**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–89 struck out ", except an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54," after "whom this subchapter applies".

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "The General Schedule, the symbol for which is 'GS', is the basic pay schedule for positions to which this subchapter applies. Each employee to whom this subchapter applies, except an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, is entitled to basic pay in accordance with the General Schedule."

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "the merit pay system established under section 5402".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted in second sentence reference to an employee covered by the merit pay system established under section 5402 of this title.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–206 increased the compensation in each step of each grade.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective May 4, 1991, see section 9(b)(4) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §205, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §220(a)(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 639, provided, except as otherwise expressly provided, that: "Sections 202 [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section], 203 [amending section 3301 of Title 39, The Postal Service], 204 [enacting section 3512A of Title 39, amending sections 3512, and 3513–3531 of Title 39, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3512A of Title 39], 205 [amending sections 3542–3544 of Title 39, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3542, 3544, 3552, and 3560 of Title 39], 206 [amending sections 3560, 3573, and 3575 of Title 39, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3542 of Title 39], 208 [amending former section 4107 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits], 209 [amending sections 867 and 870 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 867 of Title 22], 210 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 590h of Title 16, Conservation], 211 [enacting provisions set out as a note under this section and section 548 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure], 213 (except subsections (d) and (e)) [enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 603, 604, and 753 of Title 28], 214 (except subsections (j), (k), (l), (n), and (o)) [enacting sections 60e–14, 61–2, 293c, and 4302 of Title 2, The Congress, amending section 1847 of Title 2, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8339 of this title], and 216 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 60e–14 of Title 2] shall become effective as of the beginning of the first pay period which began on or after October 1, 1967."

Pub. L. 90–206, §1, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 613, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Postal Revenue and Federal Salary Act of 1967'."

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §201, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 624, provided that: "This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Federal Salary Act of 1967'."

Pub. L. 93–549, Dec. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1743, provided that no officer or employee of the United States shall have his or her pay reduced by reason of Ex. Ord. No. 11777, Apr. 12, 1974.

Pub. L. 91–231, Apr. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 195, known as the Federal Employees Salary Act of 1970, and effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Dec. 27, 1969, provided for an increase in the rates of basic pay, basic compensation, and salaries contained in the General Schedule, the Postal Field Service Schedule and Rural Carrier Schedule, the schedule relating to certain positions within the Department of Medicine and Surgery of the Veterans' Administration, and the Foreign Service schedules, and also for employees of Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation County Committees, for certain employees of the Legislative and Judicial Branches, for United States Attorneys, and for other employees of the United States Government and the government of the District of Columbia whose rates of pay were fixed by administrative action and not otherwise increased.

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §§202(b), 220(a)(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 625, 639, effective as of the beginning of the first pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1967, made various initial adjustments to the rates of basic pay of officers and employees referred to in the General Schedule set forth in the amendment to this section made by section 202(a) of Pub. L. 90–206.

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §§211(b)–(d), 220(a)(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 633, 639, effective as of the beginning of the first pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1967, authorized the increase of the rates of pay of certain officers and employees of the Federal Government and of the municipal government of the District of Columbia by amounts not to exceed the increases provided by title II of Pub. L. 90–206 for corresponding rates of pay in the appropriate schedule or scale of pay.

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §218, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 638, provided for retroactive pay under title II of Pub. L. 90–206 only in the case of an individual in the service of the United States, including service in the Armed Forces, or the municipal government of the District of Columbia on Dec. 16, 1967, subject to certain restrictions.

Ex. Ord. No. 14113, Dec. 21, 2023, 88 F.R. 89259, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Statutory Pay Systems*. The rates of basic pay or salaries of the statutory pay systems (as defined in 5 U.S.C. 5302(1)), as adjusted under 5 U.S.C. 5303, are set forth on the schedules attached hereto and made a part hereof:

(a) The General Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5332(a)) at Schedule 1;

(b) The Foreign Service Schedule (22 U.S.C. 3963) at Schedule 2; and

(c) The schedules for the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (38 U.S.C. 7306, 7401, 7404; section 301(a) of Public Law 102–40) at Schedule 3.

*Senior Executive Service*. The ranges of rates of basic pay for senior executives in the Senior Executive Service, as established pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 5382, are set forth on Schedule 4 attached hereto and made a part hereof.

*Certain Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries*. The rates of basic pay or salaries for the following offices and positions are set forth on the schedules attached hereto and made a part hereof:

(a) The Executive Schedule (5 U.S.C. 5311–5318) at Schedule 5;

(b) The Vice President (3 U.S.C. 104) and the Congress (2 U.S.C. 4501) at Schedule 6; and

(c) Justices and judges (28 U.S.C. 5, 44(d), 135, 252, and 461(a)) at Schedule 7.

*Uniformed Services*. The rates of monthly basic pay (37 U.S.C. 203(a)) for members of the uniformed services, as adjusted under 37 U.S.C. 1009, and the rate of monthly cadet or midshipman pay (37 U.S.C. 203(c)) are set forth on Schedule 8 attached hereto and made a part hereof.

*Locality-Based Comparability Payments*.

(a) Pursuant to section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, and my authority to implement an alternative level of comparability payments under section 5304a of title 5, United States Code, locality-based comparability payments shall be paid in accordance with Schedule 9 attached hereto and made a part hereof.

(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall take such actions as may be necessary to implement these payments and to publish appropriate notice of such payments in the Federal Register.

*Administrative Law Judges*. Pursuant to section 5372 of title 5, United States Code, the rates of basic pay for administrative law judges are set forth on Schedule 10 attached hereto and made a part hereof.

*Effective Dates*. Schedule 8 is effective January 1, 2024. The other schedules contained herein are effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2024.

*Prior Order Superseded*. Executive Order 14090 of December 23, 2022, is superseded as of the effective dates specified in section 7 of this order.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

GS–1 | $21,986 | $22,724 | $23,454 | $24,183 | $24,912 | $25,339 | $26,063 | $26,792 | $26,821 | $27,502 |

GS–2 | 24,722 | 25,310 | 26,129 | 26,821 | 27,124 | 27,922 | 28,720 | 29,518 | 30,316 | 31,114 |

GS–3 | 26,975 | 27,874 | 28,773 | 29,672 | 30,571 | 31,470 | 32,369 | 33,268 | 34,167 | 35,066 |

GS–4 | 30,280 | 31,289 | 32,298 | 33,307 | 34,316 | 35,325 | 36,334 | 37,343 | 38,352 | 39,361 |

GS–5 | 33,878 | 35,007 | 36,136 | 37,265 | 38,394 | 39,523 | 40,652 | 41,781 | 42,910 | 44,039 |

GS–6 | 37,765 | 39,024 | 40,283 | 41,542 | 42,801 | 44,060 | 45,319 | 46,578 | 47,837 | 49,096 |

GS–7 | 41,966 | 43,365 | 44,764 | 46,163 | 47,562 | 48,961 | 50,360 | 51,759 | 53,158 | 54,557 |

GS–8 | 46,475 | 48,024 | 49,573 | 51,122 | 52,671 | 54,220 | 55,769 | 57,318 | 58,867 | 60,416 |

GS–9 | 51,332 | 53,043 | 54,754 | 56,465 | 58,176 | 59,887 | 61,598 | 63,309 | 65,020 | 66,731 |

GS–10 | 56,528 | 58,412 | 60,296 | 62,180 | 64,064 | 65,948 | 67,832 | 69,716 | 71,600 | 73,484 |

GS–11 | 62,107 | 64,177 | 66,247 | 68,317 | 70,387 | 72,457 | 74,527 | 76,597 | 78,667 | 80,737 |

GS–12 | 74,441 | 76,922 | 79,403 | 81,884 | 84,365 | 86,846 | 89,327 | 91,808 | 94,289 | 96,770 |

GS–13 | 88,520 | 91,471 | 94,422 | 97,373 | 100,324 | 103,275 | 106,226 | 109,177 | 112,128 | 115,079 |

GS–14 | 104,604 | 108,091 | 111,578 | 115,065 | 118,552 | 122,039 | 125,526 | 129,013 | 132,500 | 135,987 |

GS–15 | 123,041 | 127,142 | 131,243 | 135,344 | 139,445 | 143,546 | 147,647 | 151,748 | 155,849 | 159,950 |


Step | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 | Class 4 | Class 5 | Class 6 | Class 7 | Class 8 | Class 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

1 | $123,041 | $99,700 | $80,787 | $65,461 | $53,043 | $47,419 | $42,391 | $37,896 | $33,878 |

2 | 126,732 | 102,691 | 83,211 | 67,425 | 54,634 | 48,842 | 43,663 | 39,033 | 34,894 |

3 | 130,534 | 105,772 | 85,707 | 69,448 | 56,273 | 50,307 | 44,973 | 40,204 | 35,941 |

4 | 134,450 | 108,945 | 88,278 | 71,531 | 57,962 | 51,816 | 46,322 | 41,410 | 37,019 |

5 | 138,484 | 112,213 | 90,926 | 73,677 | 59,700 | 53,371 | 47,711 | 42,652 | 38,130 |

6 | 142,638 | 115,580 | 93,654 | 75,887 | 61,491 | 54,972 | 49,143 | 43,932 | 39,274 |

7 | 146,917 | 119,047 | 96,464 | 78,164 | 63,336 | 56,621 | 50,617 | 45,250 | 40,452 |

8 | 151,325 | 122,618 | 99,358 | 80,509 | 65,236 | 58,319 | 52,136 | 46,607 | 41,666 |

9 | 155,865 | 126,297 | 102,339 | 82,924 | 67,193 | 60,069 | 53,700 | 48,006 | 42,916 |

10 | 159,950 | 130,086 | 105,409 | 85,412 | 69,209 | 61,871 | 55,311 | 49,446 | 44,203 |

11 | 159,950 | 133,988 | 108,571 | 87,974 | 71,285 | 63,727 | 56,970 | 50,929 | 45,529 |

12 | 159,950 | 138,008 | 111,828 | 90,613 | 73,424 | 65,639 | 58,679 | 52,457 | 46,895 |

13 | 159,950 | 142,148 | 115,183 | 93,332 | 75,627 | 67,608 | 60,439 | 54,031 | 48,302 |

14 | 159,950 | 146,413 | 118,638 | 96,132 | 77,895 | 69,636 | 62,253 | 55,652 | 49,751 |


Schedule for the Office of the Under Secretary for Health (38 U.S.C. 7306) and Directors of Medical Centers and Veterans Integrated Service Networks (38 U.S.C. 7401(4)) 1 |
||

Minimum | Maximum | |

$147,649 | $221,900 2 |
|

Physician, Podiatrist, and Dentist Base and Longevity Pay Schedule 3 |
||

Physician Grade | $121,020 | $177,496 |

Dentist Grade | 121,020 | 177,496 |

Podiatrist Grade | 121,020 | 177,496 |

Chiropractor and Optometrist Schedule | ||

Chief Grade | $123,041 | $159,950 |

Senior Grade | 104,604 | 135,987 |

Intermediate Grade | 88,520 | 115,079 |

Full Grade | 74,441 | 96,770 |

Associate Grade | 62,107 | 80,737 |

Expanded-Function Dental Auxiliary Schedule 4 |
||

Director Grade | $123,041 | $159,950 |

Assistant Director Grade | 104,604 | 135,987 |

Chief Grade | 88,520 | 115,079 |

Senior Grade | 74,441 | 96,770 |

Intermediate Grade | 62,107 | 80,737 |

Full Grade | 51,332 | 66,731 |

Associate Grade | 44,173 | 57,421 |

Junior Grade | 37,765 | 49,096 |


1 Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 7404(a)(2)(A) and (e), this schedule does not apply to the Director of Nursing Service or any incumbents who are physicians, podiatrists, or dentists. Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 7404(a)(2)(B), this schedule also does not apply to the basic pay of any incumbents who are registered nurses or physician assistants if that basic pay is determined by the Secretary under subchapter IV of chapter 74 of title 38, United States Code.

2 Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 7404(a)(3)(B), for positions that are covered by a certified performance appraisal system, the maximum rate of basic pay may not exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level II of the Executive Schedule. For positions that are not covered by a certified performance appraisal system, the maximum rate of basic pay may not exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level III of the Executive Schedule.

3 Pursuant to 38 U.S.C. 7431, Veterans Health Administration physicians, podiatrists, and dentists paid under the Physician, Podiatrist, and Dentist Base and Longevity Pay schedule may also be paid market pay and performance pay.

4 Pursuant to section 301(a) of Public Law 102–40 [38 U.S.C. 7451 note], these positions are paid according to the Nurse Schedule in 38 U.S.C. 4107(b), as in effect on August 14, 1990, with subsequent adjustments.

Minimum | Maximum | |

Agencies with a Certified SES Performance Appraisal System | $147,649 | $221,900 |

Agencies without a Certified SES Performance Appraisal System | $147,649 | $204,000 |


Level I | $246,400 |

Level II | 221,900 |

Level III | 204,000 |

Level IV | 191,900 |

Level V | 180,000 |


Vice President | $284,600 |

Senators | 174,000 |

Members of the House of Representatives | 174,000 |

Delegates to the House of Representatives | 174,000 |

Resident Commissioner from Puerto Rico | 174,000 |

President pro tempore of the Senate | 193,400 |

Majority leader and minority leader of the Senate | 193,400 |

Majority leader and minority leader of the House of Representatives | 193,400 |

Speaker of the House of Representatives | 223,500 |


Chief Justice of the United States | $312,200 |

Associate Justices of the Supreme Court | 298,500 |

Circuit Judges | 257,900 |

District Judges | 243,300 |

Judges of the Court of International Trade | 243,300 |


Pay Grade | 2 or less | Over 2 | Over 3 | Over 4 | Over 6 | Over 8 | Over 10 | Over 12 | Over 14 | Over 16 | Over 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

O–10 1 |
|||||||||||

O–9 1 |
|||||||||||

O–8 | $12,803.70 | $13,223.70 | $13,501.80 | $13,579.20 | $13,926.90 | $14,506.50 | $14,641.80 | $15,192.60 | $15,351.30 | $15,825.90 | $16,512.90 |

O–7 | 10,638.90 | 11,133.00 | 11,361.90 | 11,544.00 | 11,872.80 | 12,198.30 | 12,574.20 | 12,948.90 | 13,325.40 | 14,506.50 | 15,504.30 |

O–6 2 |
8,067.90 | 8,863.20 | 9,444.90 | 9,444.90 | 9,481.20 | 9,887.40 | 9,941.40 | 9,941.40 | 10,506.30 | 11,505.00 | 12,091.20 |

O–5 | 6,725.70 | 7,576.50 | 8,100.90 | 8,199.60 | 8,527.20 | 8,722.50 | 9,153.00 | 9,469.80 | 9,878.10 | 10,501.80 | 10,799.10 |

O–4 | 5,803.20 | 6,717.30 | 7,166.40 | 7,265.40 | 7,681.50 | 8,127.90 | 8,684.10 | 9,116.10 | 9,416.70 | 9,589.50 | 9,689.10 |

O–3 3 |
5,102.10 | 5,783.70 | 6,241.80 | 6,806.10 | 7,132.80 | 7,490.70 | 7,721.70 | 8,102.10 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 |

O–2 3 |
4,408.50 | 5,020.80 | 5,782.80 | 5,978.10 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 |

O–1 3 |
3,826.20 | 3,982.80 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 |

Over 20 | Over 22 | Over 24 | Over 26 | Over 28 | Over 30 | Over 32 | Over 34 | Over 36 | Over 38 | Over 40 | |

O–10 1 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |
1 $18,491.70 |

O–9 | 18,096.00 | 18,357.30 | 1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |
1 18,491.70 |

O–8 | 17,145.60 | 17,568.60 | 17,568.60 | 17,568.60 | 17,568.60 | 18,008.40 | 18,008.40 | 18,458.10 | 18,458.10 | 18,458.10 | 18,458.10 |

O–7 | 15,504.30 | 15,504.30 | 15,504.30 | 15,584.10 | 15,584.10 | 15,895.80 | 15,895.80 | 15,895.80 | 15,895.80 | 15,895.80 | 15,895.80 |

O–6 2 |
12,677.10 | 13,010.70 | 13,348.50 | 14,002.80 | 14,002.80 | 14,282.40 | 14,282.40 | 14,282.40 | 14,282.40 | 14,282.40 | 14,282.40 |

O–5 | 11,093.10 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 | 11,426.70 |

O–4 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 | 9,689.10 |

O–3 3 |
8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 | 8,301.00 |

O–2 3 |
6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 | 6,100.80 |

O–1 3 |
4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 | 4,814.70 |


1 Basic pay is limited to the rate of basic pay for level II of the Executive Schedule in effect during calendar year 2024, which is $18,491.70 per month for officers at pay grades O–7 through O–10. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Space Operations, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified or specified combatant command (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 161(c)).

2 Basic pay is limited to the rate of basic pay for level V of the Executive Schedule in effect during calendar year 2024, which is $15,000.00 per month, for officers at pay grades O–6 and below.

3 Does not apply to commissioned officers who have been credited with over 4 years of active duty service as an enlisted member or warrant officer.

Pay Grade | 2 or less | Over 2 | Over 3 | Over 4 | Over 6 | Over 8 | Over 10 | Over 12 | Over 14 | Over 16 | Over 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

O–3E | $6,806.10 | $7,132.80 | $7,490.70 | $7,721.70 | $8,102.10 | $8,423.40 | $8,607.90 | $8,859.00 | |||

O–2E | 5,978.10 | 6,100.80 | 6,294.90 | 6,622.80 | 6,876.60 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | |||

O–1E | 4,814.70 | 5,141.10 | 5,331.30 | 5,525.70 | 5,716.50 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | |||

Over 20 | Over 22 | Over 24 | Over 26 | Over 28 | Over 30 | Over 32 | Over 34 | Over 36 | Over 38 | Over 40 | |

O–3E | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 | $8,859.00 |

O–2E | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 | 7,065.00 |

O–1E | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 | 5,978.10 |


4 Reservists with at least 1,460 points as an enlisted member, a warrant officer, or a warrant officer and an enlisted member, which are creditable toward reserve retirement, also qualify for these rates.

Pay Grade | 2 or less | Over 2 | Over 3 | Over 4 | Over 6 | Over 8 | Over 10 | Over 12 | Over 14 | Over 16 | Over 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

W–5 | |||||||||||

W–4 | $5,273.10 | $5,671.50 | $5,834.40 | $5,994.60 | $6,270.60 | $6,543.60 | $6,820.20 | $7,235.40 | $7,599.90 | $7,946.70 | $8,231.10 |

W–3 | 4,815.60 | 5,015.70 | 5,222.10 | 5,289.00 | 5,504.40 | 5,928.90 | 6,370.80 | 6,579.00 | 6,819.90 | 7,067.40 | 7,513.80 |

W–2 | 4,260.90 | 4,663.80 | 4,787.70 | 4,873.20 | 5,149.20 | 5,578.50 | 5,791.80 | 6,001.20 | 6,257.40 | 6,457.80 | 6,639.00 |

W–1 | 3,739.80 | 4,143.00 | 4,250.70 | 4,479.60 | 4,749.90 | 5,148.30 | 5,334.30 | 5,595.30 | 5,850.90 | 6,052.20 | 6,237.60 |

Over 20 | Over 22 | Over 24 | Over 26 | Over 28 | Over 30 | Over 32 | Over 34 | Over 36 | Over 38 | Over 40 | |

W–5 | $9,375.60 | $9,851.10 | $10,205.70 | $10,597.20 | $10,597.20 | $11,128.20 | $11,128.20 | $11,683.50 | $11,683.50 | $12,269.10 | $12,269.10 |

W–4 | 8,508.30 | 8,914.50 | 9,248.70 | 9,629.70 | 9,629.70 | 9,821.70 | 9,821.70 | 9,821.70 | 9,821.70 | 9,821.70 | 9,821.70 |

W–3 | 7,814.70 | 7,994.70 | 8,186.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 | 8,447.10 |

W–2 | 6,856.20 | 6,998.70 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 | 7,111.80 |

W–1 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 | 6,462.90 |


Pay Grade | 2 or less | Over 2 | Over 3 | Over 4 | Over 6 | Over 8 | Over 10 | Over 12 | Over 14 | Over 16 | Over 18 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

E–9 1 |
$6,370.50 | $6,514.80 | $6,696.60 | $6,910.50 | $7,127.10 | ||||||

E–8 | $5,214.90 | 5,445.60 | 5,588.40 | 5,759.40 | 5,944.50 | 6,279.30 | |||||

E–7 | $3,624.90 | $3,956.40 | $4,108.20 | $4,308.30 | $4,465.50 | 4,734.60 | 4,886.40 | 5,155.20 | 5,379.30 | 5,532.30 | 5,694.90 |

E–6 | 3,135.60 | 3,450.60 | 3,603.00 | 3,750.90 | 3,904.80 | 4,252.50 | 4,387.80 | 4,649.70 | 4,729.80 | 4,788.00 | 4,856.40 |

E–5 | 2,872.20 | 3,065.70 | 3,214.20 | 3,365.70 | 3,601.80 | 3,848.70 | 4,052.10 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 |

E–4 | 2,633.70 | 2,768.40 | 2,918.40 | 3,066.30 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 |

E–3 | 2,377.50 | 2,526.90 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 |

E–2 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 |

E–1 2 |
2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 |

E–1 3 |
1,865.10 | ||||||||||

Over 20 | Over 22 | Over 24 | Over 26 | Over 28 | Over 30 | Over 32 | Over 34 | Over 36 | Over 38 | Over 40 | |

E–9 1 |
$7,472.10 | $7,765.20 | $8,072.70 | $8,544.00 | $8,544.00 | $8,970.30 | $8,970.30 | $9,419.40 | $9,419.40 | $9,891.30 | $9,891.30 |

E–8 | 6,449.10 | 6,737.40 | 6,897.30 | 7,291.20 | 7,291.20 | 7,437.30 | 7,437.30 | 7,437.30 | 7,437.30 | 7,437.30 | 7,437.30 |

E–7 | 5,757.90 | 5,969.70 | 6,083.10 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 | 6,515.70 |

E–6 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 | 4,856.40 |

E–5 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 | 4,076.40 |

E–4 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 | 3,197.40 |

E–3 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 | 2,680.20 |

E–2 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 | 2,261.10 |

E–1 2 |
2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 | 2,017.20 |

E–1 3 |


1 For noncommissioned officers serving as Sergeant Major of the Army, Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy or Coast Guard, Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force, Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, Chief Master Sergeant of the Space Force, Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, or Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chief of the National Guard Bureau, basic pay for this grade is $10,294.80 per month, regardless of cumulative years of service under 37 U.S.C. 205.

2 Applies to personnel who have served 4 months or more on active duty.

3 Applies to personnel who have served less than 4 months on active duty.

The rate of monthly cadet or midshipman pay authorized by 37 U.S.C. 203(c) is $1,339.50.

Locality Pay Area 1 | Rate |
---|---|

Alaska | 31.96% |

Albany-Schenectady, NY–MA | 20.25% |

Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas, NM | 18.05% |

Atlanta-Athens-Clarke County-Sandy Springs, GA–AL | 23.45% |

Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown, TX | 19.99% |

Birmingham-Hoover-Talladega, AL | 17.91% |

Boston-Worcester-Providence, MA–RI–NH–CT–ME–VT | 31.97% |

Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Olean, NY | 21.99% |

Burlington-South Burlington-Barre, VT | 18.97% |

Charlotte-Concord, NC–SC | 19.26% |

Chicago-Naperville, IL–IN–WI | 30.41% |

Cincinnati-Wilmington-Maysville, OH–KY–IN | 21.69% |

Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH–PA | 22.01% |

Colorado Springs, CO | 19.73% |

Columbus-Marion-Zanesville, OH | 21.80% |

Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice, TX | 17.40% |

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX–OK | 26.91% |

Davenport-Moline, IA–IL | 18.66% |

Dayton-Springfield-Kettering, OH | 21.14% |

Denver-Aurora, CO | 29.88% |

Des Moines-Ames-West Des Moines, IA | 17.68% |

Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MI | 28.82% |

Fresno-Madera-Hanford, CA | 17.15% |

Harrisburg-Lebanon, PA | 19.10% |

Hartford-East Hartford, CT–MA | 31.62% |

Hawaii | 21.79% |

Houston-The Woodlands, TX | 34.72% |

Huntsville-Decatur, AL–TN | 21.48% |

Indianapolis-Carmel-Muncie, IN | 17.89% |

Kansas City-Overland Park-Kansas City, MO–KS | 18.65% |

Laredo, TX | 21.33% |

Las Vegas-Henderson, NV–AZ | 19.23% |

Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA | 35.84% |

Miami-Port St. Lucie-Fort Lauderdale, FL | 24.42% |

Milwaukee-Racine-Waukesha, WI | 22.15% |

Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN–WI | 27.15% |

New York-Newark, NY–NJ–CT–PA | 37.24% |

Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont, NE–IA | 17.94% |

Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL | 17.60% |

Philadelphia-Reading-Camden, PA–NJ–DE–MD | 28.55% |

Phoenix-Mesa, AZ | 22.02% |

Pittsburgh-New Castle-Weirton, PA–OH–WV | 20.78% |

Portland-Vancouver-Salem, OR–WA | 25.66% |

Raleigh-Durham-Cary, NC | 21.90% |

Reno-Fernley, NV | 17.11% |

Richmond, VA | 21.91% |

Rochester-Batavia-Seneca Falls, NY | 17.35% |

Sacramento-Roseville, CA–NV | 29.16% |

San Antonio-New Braunfels-Pearsall, TX | 18.49% |

San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA | 33.05% |

San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA | 45.41% |

Seattle-Tacoma, WA | 30.81% |

Spokane-Spokane Valley-Coeur d'Alene, WA–ID | 17.18% |

St. Louis-St. Charles-Farmington, MO–IL | 19.63% |

Tucson-Nogales, AZ | 18.92% |

Virginia Beach-Norfolk, VA–NC | 18.46% |

Washington-Baltimore-Arlington, DC–MD–VA–WV–PA | 33.26% |

Rest of U.S. | 16.82% |


1 Locality Pay Areas are defined in 5 CFR 531.603.

AL–3/A | $128,200 |

AL–3/B | 138,000 |

AL–3/C | 147,900 |

AL–3/D | 157,900 |

AL–3/E | 167,900 |

AL–3/F | 177,600 |

AL–2 | 187,300 |

AL–1 1 |
191,900 |


1 Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 5372(b)(1)(C), the rate of basic pay for AL–1 may not exceed the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

Ex. Ord. No. 14090, Dec. 23, 2022, 87 F.R. 79985, effective Jan. 1, 2023, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 14113.

Ex. Ord. No. 14061, Dec. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 73601, effective Jan. 1, 2022, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 14090.

Ex. Ord. No. 13970, Dec. 31, 2020, 86 F.R. 421, effective Jan. 1, 2021, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 14061.

Ex. Ord. No. 13901, Dec. 26, 2019, 84 F.R. 72213, effective Jan. 1, 2020, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13970.

Ex. Ord. No. 13866, Mar. 28, 2019, 84 F.R. 12853, effective Jan. 1, 2019, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13901.

Ex. Ord. No. 13856, Dec. 28, 2018, 84 F.R. 65, effective Jan. 1, 2019, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13866.

Ex. Ord. No. 13819, Dec. 22, 2017, 82 F.R. 61431, effective Jan. 1, 2018, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13856.

Ex. Ord. No. 13756, Dec. 27, 2016, 81 F.R. 97099, effective Jan. 1, 2017, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13819.

Ex. Ord. No. 13715, Dec. 18, 2015, 80 F.R. 80195, effective Jan. 1, 2016, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13756.

Ex. Ord. No. 13686, Dec. 19, 2014, 79 F.R. 77361, effective Jan. 1, 2015, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13715.

Ex. Ord. No. 13655, Dec. 23, 2013, 78 F.R. 80451, effective Jan. 1, 2014, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13686.

Ex. Ord. No. 13641, Apr. 5, 2013, 78 F.R. 21503, effective Jan. 1, 2013, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13655.

Ex. Ord. No. 13635, Dec. 27, 2012, 78 F.R. 649, effective Jan. 1, 2013, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13641.

Ex. Ord. No. 13594, Dec. 19, 2011, 76 F.R. 80191, effective Jan. 1, 2012, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13635.

Ex. Ord. No. 13561, Dec. 22, 2010, 75 F.R. 81817, effective Jan. 1, 2011, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13594.

Ex. Ord. No. 13525, Dec. 23, 2009, 74 F.R. 69231, effective Jan. 1, 2010, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13561.

Ex. Ord. No. 13483, Dec. 18, 2008, 73 F.R. 78587, effective Jan. 1, 2009, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13525.

Ex. Ord. No. 13454, Jan. 4, 2008, 73 F.R. 1481, effective Jan. 1, 2008, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13483.

Ex. Ord. No. 13420, Dec. 21, 2006, 71 F.R. 77571, effective Jan. 1, 2007, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13454.

Ex. Ord. No. 13393, Dec. 22, 2005, 70 F.R. 76655, effective Jan. 1, 2006, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13420.

Ex. Ord. No. 13368, Dec. 30, 2004, 70 F.R. 1147, effective Jan. 1, 2005, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13393.

Ex. Ord. No. 13332, Mar. 3, 2004, 69 F.R. 10891, effective Jan. 1, 2004, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13368.

Ex. Ord. No. 13322, Dec. 30, 2003, 69 F.R. 231, effective Jan. 1, 2004, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13332.

Ex. Ord. No. 13282, Dec. 31, 2002, 68 F.R. 1133, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13291, Mar. 21, 2003, 68 F.R. 14525, effective Jan. 1, 2003, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13322.

Ex. Ord. No. 13249, Dec. 28, 2001, 67 F.R. 639, effective Jan. 1, 2002, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13282, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 13182, Dec. 23, 2000, 65 F.R. 82879, 66 F.R. 10057, effective Jan. 1, 2001, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13249.

Ex. Ord. No. 13144, Dec. 21, 1999, 64 F.R. 72237, effective Jan. 1, 2000, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13182.

Ex. Ord. No. 13106, Dec. 7, 1998, 63 F.R. 68151, effective Jan. 1, 1999, substantially superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13144.

Ex. Ord. No. 13071, Dec. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 68521, effective Jan. 1, 1998, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13106.

Ex. Ord. No. 13033, Dec. 27, 1996, 61 F.R. 68987, effective Jan. 1, 1997, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13071.

Ex. Ord. No. 12990, Feb. 29, 1996, 61 F.R. 8467, effective Jan. 1, 1996, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13033.

Ex. Ord. No. 12984, Dec. 28, 1995, 61 F.R. 237, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12990, §3, Feb. 29, 1996, 61 F.R. 8467, effective Jan. 1, 1996, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 13033.

Ex. Ord. No. 12944, Dec. 28, 1994, 60 F.R. 309, effective Jan. 1, 1995, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12984, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 12886, Dec. 23, 1993, 58 F.R. 68709, effective Jan. 1, 1994, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12944.

Ex. Ord. No. 12826, Dec. 30, 1992, 57 F.R. 62909, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12886, §3, Dec. 23, 1993, 58 F.R. 68709, effective Jan. 1, 1993, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12944.

Ex. Ord. No. 12786, Dec. 26, 1991, 56 F.R. 67453, effective Jan. 1, 1992, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12826, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 12736, Dec. 12, 1990, 55 F.R. 51385, effective Jan. 1, 1991, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12786.

Ex. Ord. No. 12698, Dec. 23, 1989, 54 F.R. 53473, effective Jan. 1 and 31, 1990, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12736.

Ex. Ord. No. 12663, Jan. 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 791, effective Jan. 1, 1989, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12698.

Ex. Ord. No. 12622, Dec. 31, 1987, 53 F.R. 222, effective Jan. 1, 1988, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12663.

Ex. Ord. No. 12578, Dec. 31, 1986, 52 F.R. 505, effective Jan. 1, 1987, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12622.

Ex. Ord. No. 12496, Dec. 28, 1984, 50 F.R. 211, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12540, Dec. 30, 1985, 51 F.R. 577, effective Jan. 1, 1985, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12578.

Ex. Ord. No. 12456, Dec. 30, 1983, 49 F.R. 347, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12477, May 23, 1984, 49 F.R. 22041; Ex. Ord. No. 12487, Sept. 14, 1984, 49 F.R. 36493, effective Jan. 1, 1984, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12496, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 12387, Oct. 8, 1982, 47 F.R. 44981, effective Oct. 1, 1982, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12456, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 12330, Oct. 15, 1981, 46 F.R. 50921, effective Oct. 1, 1981, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12387.

Ex. Ord. No. 12248, Oct. 16, 1980, 45 F.R. 69199, effective Oct. 1, 1980, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12330.

Ex. Ord. No. 12165, Oct. 9, 1979, 44 F.R. 58671, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12200, Mar. 12, 1980, 44 F.R. 16443, effective Oct. 1, 1979, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12248.

Ex. Ord. No. 12087, Oct. 7, 1978, 43 F.R. 46823, effective Oct. 1, 1978, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12165, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 12010, Sept. 28, 1977, 42 F.R. 52365, effective Oct. 1, 1977, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12087.

Ex. Ord. No. 11941, Oct. 1, 1976, 41 F.R. 43899, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11943, Oct. 25, 1976, 41 F.R. 47213, effective Oct. 1, 1976, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12010.

Ex. Ord. No. 11883, Oct. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 47091, effective Oct. 1, 1975, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11941, as amended.

Ex. Ord. No. 11811, Oct. 7, 1974, 39 F.R. 36302, effective Oct. 1, 1974, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11883.

Ex. Ord. No. 11739, Oct. 3, 1973, 38 F.R. 27581, effective Oct. 1, 1973, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11691, Dec. 15, 1972, 37 F.R. 27607, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11777, Apr. 12, 1974, 39 F.R. 13519, effective Oct. 1, 1972, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11637, Dec. 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 24911, effective Jan. 1, 1972, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11576, Jan. 8, 1971, 36 F.R. 347, effective Jan. 1, 1971, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11524, Apr. 15, 1970, 35 F.R. 6247, effective first pay period on or after Dec. 27, 1969, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11474, June 16, 1969, 34 F.R. 9605, effective July 1, 1969, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Ex. Ord. No. 11413, June 11, 1968, 33 F.R. 8641, effective July 1, 1968, superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11811.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 22, 2010, 75 F.R. 81829, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

On November 29, 2010, I proposed a two-year freeze in the pay of civilian Federal employees as the first of a number of difficult actions required to put our Nation on a sound fiscal footing. As I said then, Federal workers are not just a line in a budget. They are public servants who, like their private sector counterparts, may be struggling in these difficult economic times.

Despite the sacrifices that I knew a pay freeze would entail for our dedicated civil servants, I concluded that a two-year freeze in the upward statutory adjustment of pay schedules is a necessary first step in our effort to address the challenge of our fiscal reality. The Congress responded to my proposal by including such a freeze in the Continuing Appropriations and Surface Transportation Extensions Act, 2011 (H.R. 3082) [Pub. L. 111–322], which I signed into law today (the "Act"). The Act freezes statutory pay adjustments for all executive branch pay schedules for a two-year period. It also generally prohibits executive departments and agencies from providing any base salary increases at all to senior executives or senior level employees, including performance-based increases.

While this legislation will prevent adjustments in executive branch pay schedules that are made by statute, some laws allow such adjustments to be made by agency heads as an exercise of administrative discretion. In order to ensure consistent treatment of executive branch employees and to promote the fiscal purposes of my original proposal, agency heads who have such discretion should not provide any upward adjustments in Federal employees' pay schedules or rates during the two-year period covered by the statutory pay freeze.

Accordingly, you should suspend any increases to any pay systems or pay schedules covering executive branch employees that could otherwise take effect as a result of an exercise of administrative discretion during the period beginning on January 1, 2011, and ending on December 31, 2012. You also should forgo any general increases (including general increases for a geographic area, such as locality pay) in covered employees' rates of pay that could otherwise take effect as a result of the exercise of administrative discretion during the same period. To the extent that an agency pay system provides performance-based increases in lieu of general increases, funds allocated for those performance-based increases should be correspondingly reduced to reflect the freezing of the employees' base pay schedule.

This memorandum shall be carried out to the extent permitted by law and consistent with executive departments' and agencies' legal authorities. This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue guidance on implementing this memorandum, and is also hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 21, 2012, 78 F.R. 647, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

On December 22, 2010, I issued a memorandum stating that the heads of executive departments and agencies should suspend any increases to any pay systems or pay schedules covering executive branch employees, and should forgo any general increases in covered employees' rates of pay, that could otherwise take effect as a result of the exercise of administrative discretion during the period beginning on January 1, 2011, and ending on December 31, 2012. In light of section 114 of the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013 (Public Law 112–175), I am hereby instructing the heads of executive departments and agencies that they should continue to adhere to this policy through March 27, 2013, the date after which statutory pay adjustments may be made pursuant to section 114 of Public Law 112–175.

This memorandum shall be carried out to the extent permitted by law and consistent with executive departments' and agencies' legal authorities. This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue any necessary guidance on implementing this memorandum, and is also hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 5, 2013, 78 F.R. 21213, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Section 1112 of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013 (Public Law 113–6), reflects the Congress's decision to continue to deny statutory adjustments to any pay systems or pay schedules covering executive branch employees. In light of the Congress's action, I am instructing heads of executive departments and agencies to continue through December 31, 2013, to adhere to the policy set forth in my memoranda of December 22, 2010, and December 21, 2012, regarding general increases in pay schedules and employees' rates of pay that might otherwise take effect as a result of the exercise of administrative discretion.

This memorandum shall be carried out to the extent permitted by law and consistent with executive departments' and agencies' legal authorities. This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue any necessary guidance on implementing this memorandum, and is also hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

New appointments shall be made at the minimum rate of the appropriate grade. However, under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management which provide for such considerations as the existing pay or unusually high or unique qualifications of the candidate, or a special need of the Government for his services, the head of an agency may appoint, with the approval of the Office in each specific case, an individual to a position at such a rate above the minimum rate of the appropriate grade as the Office may authorize for this purpose. The approval of the Office in each specific case is not required with respect to an appointment made by the Librarian of Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 467; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(19), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(26)(A), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §106, title II, §211(b)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1449, 1461.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 1131. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §801, 63 Stat. 969. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §103(a), 78 Stat. 401. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1133. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §803, 63 Stat. 970. |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §104, 68 Stat. 1106. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §604(c), 76 Stat. 848. |


In subsection (b), the word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5333(a) | 5 App.: 1131. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §103, 80 Stat. 289. |


**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 struck out "; higher rates for supervisors of prevailing rate employees" after "appointments" in section catchline, struck out "(a)" before "New appointments shall", struck out "in GS–11 or above" after "individual to a position", and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an employee in a position to which this subchapter applies, who regularly has responsibility for supervision (including supervision over the technical aspects of the work concerned) over employees whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time to time by wage boards or similar administrative authority as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates, may be paid at one of the rates for his grade which is above the highest rate of basic pay being paid to any such prevailing-rate employee regularly supervised, or at the maximum rate for his grade, as provided by the regulations."

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "prevailing rate" for "wage-board" in section catchline.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The rate of basic pay to which an employee is entitled is governed by regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management in conformity with this subchapter and chapter 51 of this title when—

(1) he is transferred from a position in the legislative, judicial, or executive branch to which this subchapter does not apply;

(2) he is transferred from a position in the legislative, judicial, or executive branch to which this subchapter applies to another such position;

(3) he is demoted to a position in a lower grade;

(4) he is reinstated, reappointed, or reemployed in a position to which this subchapter applies following service in any position in the legislative, judicial, or executive branch;

(5) his type of appointment is changed;

(6) his employment status is otherwise changed; or

(7) his position is changed from one grade to another grade.

For the purpose of this subsection, an individual employed by the Appalachian Regional Commission under section 14306(a)(2) of title 40, who was a Federal employee immediately prior to such employment by a commission and within 6 months after separation from such employment is employed in a position to which this subchapter applies, shall be treated as if transferred from a position in the executive branch to which this subchapter does not apply.

(b) An employee who is promoted or transferred to a position in a higher grade is entitled to basic pay at the lowest rate of the higher grade which exceeds his existing rate of basic pay by not less than two step-increases of the grade from which he is promoted or transferred. If, in the case of an employee so promoted or transferred who is receiving basic pay at a rate in excess of the maximum rate of his grade, there is no rate in the higher grade which is at least two step-increases above his existing rate of basic pay, he is entitled to—

(1) the maximum rate of the higher grade; or

(2) his existing rate of basic pay, if that rate is the higher.

If an employee so promoted or transferred is receiving basic pay at a rate saved to him under subchapter VI of this chapter on reduction in grade, he is entitled to—

(A) basic pay at a rate two steps above the rate which he would be receiving if subchapter VI of this chapter were not applicable to him; or

(B) his existing rate of basic pay, if that rate is the higher.

If an employee's rate after promotion or transfer is greater than the maximum rate of basic pay for the employee's grade, that rate shall be treated as a retained rate under section 5363. The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe by regulation the circumstances under which and the extent to which special rates under section 5305 (or similar provision of law) or locality-adjusted rates under section 5304 (or similar provision of law) are considered to be basic pay in applying this subsection.

(c) An employee in the legislative branch who is paid by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, and who has completed two or more years of service as such an employee, and a Member of the Senate or House of Representatives who has completed two or more years of service as such a Member, may, on appointment to a position to which this subchapter applies, have his initial rate of pay fixed—

(1) at the minimum rate of the appropriate grade; or

(2) at a step of the appropriate grade that does not exceed the highest previous rate of pay received by him during that service in the legislative branch.

(d) The rate of pay established for a teaching position as defined by section 901 of title 20 held by an individual who becomes subject to subsection (a) of this section is deemed increased by an amount determined under regulations which the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe for the determination of the yearly rate of pay of the position. The amount by which a rate of pay is increased under the regulations may not exceed the amount equal to 20 percent of that rate of pay.

(e) An employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b)) may, on appointment to a position subject to this subchapter, have the initial rate of basic pay of the employee fixed at—

(1) the lowest rate of the higher grade that exceeds the rate of basic pay of the employee with the county committee by not less than 2 step-increases of the grade from which the employee was promoted, if the Federal Civil Service position under this subchapter is at a higher grade than the last grade the employee had while an employee of the county committee;

(2) the same step of the grade as the employee last held during service with the county committee, if the Federal Civil Service position under this subchapter is at the same grade as the last grade the employee had while an employee of the county committee; or

(3) the lowest step of the Federal grade for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than the highest previous rate of pay of the employee, if the Federal Civil Service position under this subchapter is at a lower grade than the last grade the employee had while an employee of the county committee.

(f)(1) An employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) who moves, without a break in service of more than 3 days, to a position in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is subject to this subchapter, may have such employee's initial rate of basic pay fixed at the minimum rate of the appropriate grade or at any step of such grade that does not exceed—

(A) if the highest previous rate of basic pay received by that employee during the employee's service described in section 2105(c) is equal to a rate of the appropriate grade, such rate of the appropriate grade;

(B) if the employee's highest previous rate of basic pay (as described in subparagraph (A)) is between two rates of the appropriate grade, the higher of those two rates; or

(C) if the employee's highest previous rate of basic pay (as described in subparagraph (A)) exceeds the maximum rate of the appropriate grade, the maximum rate of the appropriate grade.

(2) In the case of a nonappropriated fund employee who is moved involuntarily from such nonappropriated fund instrumentality without a break in service of more than 3 days and without substantial change in duties to a position that is subject to this subchapter, the employee's pay shall be set at a rate (not above the maximum for the grade, except as may be provided for under section 5365) that is not less than the employee's rate of basic pay under the nonappropriated fund instrumentality immediately prior to so moving.

(g) In the case of an employee who—

(1) moves to a new official duty station, and

(2) by virtue of such move, becomes subject to a different pay schedule,

any rate adjustment under the preceding provisions of this section, with respect to such employee in connection with such move, shall be made—

(A) first, by determining the rate of pay to which such employee would be entitled at the new official duty station based on such employee's position, grade, and step (or relative position in the rate range) before the move, and

(B) then, by applying the provisions of this section that would otherwise apply (if any), treating the rate determined under subparagraph (A) as if it were the rate last received by the employee before the rate adjustment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 468; Pub. L. 90–103, title I, §105, Oct. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 90–367, §1, June 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(6), (24), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312, 1314; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(f), title VIII, §801(a)(2), (3)(F), (G), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, 1221, 1222, 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(27), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §306(b), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–335; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(G), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(4), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 105–393, title II, §223, Nov. 13, 1998, 112 Stat. 3626; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10701, May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 515; Pub. L. 108–178, §4(a), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2640; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(3), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2315; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1114, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(d) | 5 U.S.C. 1132. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §802, 63 Stat. 969. |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §112 (as applicable to §802(b)), 68 Stat. 1108. | ||

May 29, 1958, Pub. L. 85–432, §4(a), (b), 72 Stat. 151. | ||

July 31, 1959, Pub. L. 86–122, §2(a), 73 Stat. 268. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §604(a), (b), 76 Stat. 847. | ||

(e) | 5 U.S.C. 2357. | July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91. §9, 73 Stat. 216. |


In subsection (b), the words "under any provision of law" are omitted from the second sentence as unnecessary.

In subsection (e), the words "as defined by section 901 of title 20" are added on authority of former section 2351, which section is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2008**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–181 designated first sentence as par. (1), substituted "does not exceed—" for "does not exceed the highest previous rate of basic pay received by that employee during the employee's service described in section 2105(c).", added subpars. (A) to (C), and designated second sentence as par. (2).

**2004**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(3)(A), inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(3)(B), added subsec. (g).

**2003**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–178 substituted "section 14306(a)(2) of title 40" for "section 106(2) of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (40 U.S.C. App.)".

**2002**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 107–171 added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: "An employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 590h(b) of title 16 may, upon appointment to a position subject to this subchapter, have his initial rate of basic pay fixed at the minimum rate of the appropriate grade, or at any step of such grade that does not exceed the highest previous rate of basic pay received by him during service with such county committee."

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–393 substituted "the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (40 U.S.C. App.)" for "title 40, appendix, or by a regional commission established pursuant to section 3182 of title 42, under section 3186(a)(2) of that title".

**1997**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "an amount determined under regulations which the Secretary of Defense shall prescribe for the determination of the yearly rate of pay of the position. The amount by which a rate of pay is increased under the regulations may not exceed the amount equal to 20 percent of that rate of pay." for "20 percent to determine the yearly rate of pay of the position."

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1993**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(G)(i), substituted "step" for "step, or for an employee appointed to a position covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, any dollar amount,".

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(G)(ii), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: "In the case of an employee covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, all references in this section to 'two steps' or 'two step-increases' shall be deemed to mean 6 percent."

**1990**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (g).

**1986**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–251 substituted "may, upon appointment to a position" for "may upon appointment to a position under the Department of Agriculture,".

**1984**—Subsecs. (c)(2), (f). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "the merit pay system established under section 5402".

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "106(2)" for "106(a)" and "3186(a)(2)" for "3186(2)".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §801(a)(3)(F), substituted "subchapter VI of this chapter" for "section 5337 of this title" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §503(f)(1), in par. (2) inserted reference to an employee appointed to a position covered by the merit pay system established under section 5402 of this title.

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 95–454, §801(a)(2), (3)(G), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively. Former subsec. (d), which related to regulations governing the retention of the rate of basic pay of an employee and his position covered by this subchapter and chapter 51 of this title, was struck out.

Pub. L. 95–454, §503(f)(2), added a new subsec. (f).

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(6), substituted "title 40, appendix" for "the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965", "section 3182 of title 42, under section 3186(2) of that title" for "section 502 of the Public Works and Economic Development Act of 1965, under section 506(2) of such Act", and "6" for "six".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(24), substituted "section 590h(b) of title 16" for "section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b))".

Pub. L. 90–367 added subsec. (f).

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–103 provided for treatment as a transfer from a position in the executive branch to which this subchapter does not apply of certain regional commission employees who were Federal employees immediately prior to employment by a commission and were employed within six months after separation from the commission in a position subject to this subchapter.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provisions relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–178, §5, Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2642, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] and amendments and repeals made by this Act are effective August 21, 2002."

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1104(b), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1923, provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 18, 1997].

"(2) In the case of a person who is employed in a teaching position referred to in section 5334(d) of title 5, United States Code, on the day before the effective date under paragraph (1), the rate of pay of that person determined under that section (as in effect on that day) may not be reduced by reason of the amendment made by subsection (a) for so long as the person continues to serve in that position or another such position without a break in service of more than three days on or after that day."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §205, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title V, §504(a), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1725, provided that amendment by section 503(f) of Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Amendment by section 801(a)(2), (3)(F), (G) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–623, §6, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1315, provided that:

"(a) Sections 1–5 of this Act [amending this section, sections 559, 2108, 3102, 3502, 5314, 5315, 5316, 5352, 5353, 5516, 5521, 5527, 5537, 5546, 5724, 6104, 6305, 6312, 6323, 6324, 8143, 8191, 8331, and 8347 of this title, sections 101, 510 [now 12102], 815, 1124, 3534, 4342, 5149, 6483, 6954, and 9342 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 101, 212, 205, 305, 306, 307, 308, 311, 406, 417, 554, 703, 904, 1001, and 1006 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, and sections 2727 and 2994b of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealing section 8339 note of this title] restate, without substantive change, the laws replaced by those sections on the effective date of this Act. Laws effective after June 30, 1968, that are inconsistent with this Act [Oct. 22, 1968] supersede it to the extent of the inconsistency.

"(b) References made by other laws, regulations, and orders to the laws restated by this Act are deemed to refer to the corresponding provisions of this Act.

"(c) Actions taken under the laws restated by this Act are deemed to have been taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act.

"(d) Sections 1(2) and 1(14) of this Act [amending sections 2108 and 5724 of this title] are effective as of September 11, 1967, for all purposes.

"(e) Sections 1(13)(B) and 1(17) of this Act [amending sections 5546 and 6323 of this title] are effective as of September 6, 1966, for all purposes."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

(a) An employee paid on an annual basis, and occupying a permanent position within the scope of the General Schedule, who has not reached the maximum rate of pay for the grade in which his position is placed, shall be advanced in pay successively to the next higher rate within the grade at the beginning of the next pay period following the completion of—

(1) each 52 calendar weeks of service in pay rates 1, 2, and 3;

(2) each 104 calendar weeks of service in pay rates 4, 5, and 6; or

(3) each 156 calendar weeks of service in pay rates 7, 8, and 9;

subject to the following conditions:

(A) the employee did not receive an equivalent increase in pay from any cause during that period; and

(B) the work of the employee is of an acceptable level of competence as determined by the head of the agency.

(b) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the benefit of successive step-increases shall be preserved for employees whose continuous service is interrupted in the public interest by service with the armed forces or by service in essential non-Government civilian employment during a period of war or national emergency.

(c) When a determination is made under subsection (a) of this section that the work of an employee is not of an acceptable level of competence, the employee is entitled to prompt written notice of that determination and an opportunity for reconsideration of the determination within his agency under uniform procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management. If the determination is affirmed on reconsideration, the employee is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board. If the reconsideration or appeal results in a reversal of the earlier determination, the new determination supersedes the earlier determination and is deemed to have been made as of the date of the earlier determination. The authority of the Office to prescribe procedures and the entitlement of the employee to appeal to the Board do not apply to a determination of acceptable level of competence made by the Librarian of Congress.

(d) An increase in pay granted by statute is not an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section.

(e) This section does not apply to the pay of an individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(f) In computing periods of service under subsection (a) in the case of an employee who moves without a break in service of more than 3 days from a position under a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) to a position under the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is subject to this subchapter, service under such instrumentality shall, under regulations prescribed by the Office, be deemed service in a position subject to this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(20), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(g), title IX, §906(a)(2), (8), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, 1224, 1225; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(28), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §§203, 204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–336; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(d)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1447; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(H), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 1121. | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §603 "Sec. 701", 76 Stat. 847. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 1123 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 1121). | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §603 "Sec. 703 (as applicable to §701)", 76 Stat. 847. |


In subsection (a), the words "General Schedule" are substituted for "compensation schedules fixed by this chapter" since the General Schedule is now the only compensation schedule in that chapter. The word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity.

In subsection (a)(B), the words "except a hearing examiner appointed under section 3105 of this title" are added on authority of the third sentence of former section 1010 and the fifth sentence of former section 1011, which are carried into sections 5362 and 559, respectively, and of section 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 972.

Title VII (sections 701–705) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 967–969, as amended by the following Acts is omitted from the derivation and repealed (see Table II) as superseded by the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §603, 76 Stat. 847, which is carried into this section and section 5336:

June 28, 1950, ch. 382, §2, 64 Stat. 262.

Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §§9, 10, 64 Stat. 1100.

Oct. 24, 1951, ch. 554, §1(e), 65 Stat. 613.

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §§102(a), 103(a), 112 (less applicability to §802(b)), 305(a), 68 Stat. 1105, 1108, 1113.

June 28, 1955, ch. 189, §2(e), 69 Stat. 175.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5335(c) | 5 App.: 1121(c). | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §3, 79 Stat. 1112. |


The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee", and the word "agency" is substituted for "department" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5331.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1993**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(H)(i), struck out "covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, or," after "individual".

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(H)(ii), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding subsection (b) or (e) of this section, an increase in pay granted under section 5404 of this title is an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section and shall be taken into account in the case of any employee who, before becoming subject to this section, was granted such an increase while covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title."

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(B). Pub. L. 101–509 struck out ", except an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title," after "work of the employee".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (g).

**1984**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–615, §204(a)(1), substituted "the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "the merit pay system established under section 5402".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–615, §203, added subsec. (f).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "an administrative law judge" for "a administrative law judge".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "administrative law judge" for "hearing examiner".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(8), substituted references to Office of Personnel Management and Merit Systems Protection Board and Office and Board, respectively, for references to Civil Service Commission wherever appearing in text.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–454, §503(g), inserted reference to merit pay system established under section 5402 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §205, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by section 503(g) of Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2), (8) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1106, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 103–89, §5(a), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 984, provided that: "Notwithstanding the amendment made by section 3(b)(1)(H)(ii) [amending this section], an increase in pay granted under section 5404 of title 5, United States Code, before November 1, 1993, shall be deemed to be an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of section 5335(a) of such title."

(a) Within the limit of available appropriations and under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the head of each agency may grant additional step-increases in recognition of high quality performance above that ordinarily found in the type of position concerned. However, an employee is eligible under this section for only one additional step-increase within any 52-week period.

(b) A step-increase under this section is in addition to those under section 5335 of this title and is not an equivalent increase in pay within the meaning of section 5335(a) of this title.

(c) This section does not apply to the pay of an individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §503(h), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, 1224; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(I), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 1122. | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §603 "Sec. 702", 76 Stat. 847. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 1123 (less applicability to 5 U.S.C. 1121). | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §603 "Sec. 703 (less applicability to §701)", 76 Stat. 847. |


For repeal of Title VII (sections 701–705) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 967–969, as amended, see revision note for section 5335.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1993**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–89 struck out "covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, or," after "individual".

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "the merit pay system established under section 5402".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §503(h), inserted reference to merit pay system established under section 5402 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §205, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §504(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1184, provided that amendment by section 503(h) of Pub. L. 95–454 was effective on first day of first applicable pay period which began on or after Oct. 1, 1981, except it could take effect with respect to any category or categories of positions before such day to extent prescribed by Director of Office of Personnel Management.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 92–392, §3, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573, set forth provisions relating to pay saving for employees reduced in grade from a grade in the General Schedule. See section 5361 et seq. of this title.

Repeal effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, and an employee receiving pay on day before such effective date not to have such pay reduced or terminated and, unless section 5362 applies, employee is entitled to continuation of such pay, etc., see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

The section is added on authority of former sections 1072 and 1072a, which are carried into section 5115.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

It is the policy of Congress that rates of pay of prevailing rate employees be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates and be based on principles that—

(1) there will be equal pay for substantially equal work for all prevailing rate employees who are working under similar conditions of employment in all agencies within the same local wage area;

(2) there will be relative differences in pay within a local wage area when there are substantial or recognizable differences in duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements among positions;

(3) the level of rates of pay will be maintained in line with prevailing levels for comparable work within a local wage area; and

(4) the level of rates of pay will be maintained so as to attract and retain qualified prevailing rate employees.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 564.)

A prior section 5341, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(97), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 90–560, §4, Oct. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 997, provided prevailing rate system for trades and crafts and is covered by sections 5343(c), (d) and 5349(a) of this title.

Pub. L. 92–392, §15(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [enacting this subchapter and section 5550 of this title, amending sections 2105, 5337, 5541, 5544, 5548, 6101, 7154, and 8704 of this title, repealing section 6102 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5341 and 5343 of this title and sections 4531 and 4571 of Title 2, The Congress] are effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after the ninetieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 19, 1972], except that, in the case of those employees referred to in section 5342(a)(2)(B) and (C) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by the first section of this Act), such provisions are effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after the one hundred and eightieth day after such date of enactment or on such earlier date (not earlier than the ninetieth day after such date of enactment) as the Civil Service Commission may prescribe. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, section 5343(e)(1)(D) and (E) and (e)(2)(C), as enacted by the first section of this Act, shall not be effective until the first day of the first pay period commencing after (1) the date on which the President ceases to exercise his authority under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 [formerly set out as a note under section 1904 of Title 12, Banks and Banking] to stabilize wages and salaries, or (2) April 30, 1973, whichever occurs first."

Pub. L. 92–392, §13, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575, provided that:

"(a) All laws or parts of laws inconsistent with this Act [see Effective Date note above] are hereby repealed to the extent of such inconsistency.

"(b) Subsection (a) of this section does not repeal or otherwise affect section 5102(d) of title 5, United States Code, section 305 of title 44 of such Code, or the provisions contained in section 180 of former title 31, United States Code."

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency; but does not include—

(A) a Government controlled corporation;

(B) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(C) the Virgin Islands Corporation;

(D) the Atomic Energy Commission;

(E) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(F) the National Security Agency, Department of Defense;

(G) the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, except for the purposes of section 5349 of this title;

(H) the Government Accountability Office; or 1

(J) 2 the Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense; or

(K) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense;

(2) "prevailing rate employee" means—

(A) an individual employed in or under an agency in a recognized trade or craft, or other skilled mechanical craft, or in an unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled manual labor occupation, and any other individual, including a foreman and a supervisor, in a position having trade, craft, or laboring experience and knowledge as the paramount requirement;

(B) an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described by section 2105(c) of this title who is employed in a recognized trade or craft, or other skilled mechanical craft, or in an unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled manual labor occupation, and any other individual, including a foreman and a supervisor, in a position having trade, craft, or laboring experience and knowledge as the paramount requirement; and

(C) an employee of the Veterans' Canteen Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, excepted from chapter 51 of this title by section 5102(c)(14) of this title who is employed in a recognized trade or craft, or other skilled mechanical craft, or in an unskilled, semiskilled, or skilled manual labor occupation, and any other individual, including a foreman and a supervisor, in a position having trade, craft, or labor experience and knowledge as the paramount requirement; and

(3) "position" means the work, consisting of duties and responsibilities, assignable to a prevailing rate employee.

(b)(1) Except as provided by paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, this subchapter applies to all prevailing rate employees and positions in or under an agency.

(2) This subchapter does not apply to employees and positions described by section 5102(c) of this title other than by—

(A) paragraph (7) of that section to the extent that such paragraph (7) applies to employees and positions other than employees and positions of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing; and

(B) paragraph (14) of that section.

(3) This subchapter, except section 5348, does not apply to officers and members of crews of vessels excepted from chapter 51 of this title by section 5102(c)(8) of this title.

(c) Each prevailing rate employee employed within any of the several States or the District of Columbia shall be a United States citizen or a bona fide resident of one of the several States or the District of Columbia unless the Secretary of Labor certifies that no United States citizen or bona fide resident of one of the several States or the District of Columbia is available to fill the particular position.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 564; amended Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(1), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–191, §8(d), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 97–468, title VI, §615(b)(1)(D), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2578; Pub. L. 98–618, title V, §502(b), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3303; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(h), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(3)(A), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687, 2868; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575.)

A prior section 5342, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471, provided for crews of vessels.

Provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (b) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471 (formerly classified to section 5342 of this title) prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 92–392.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(K). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(3)(A), which directed amendment of subsec. (a)(1) by striking subpar. (G) and redesignating subpars. (H), (I), (J), (K), and (L) as (G), (H), (I), (J), and (K), respectively, was executed by striking subpar. (F), relating to the Panama Canal Commission, and redesignating subpars. (G), (H), (I), (K), and (L) as (F), (G), (H), (J), and (K), respectively, to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because subsec. (a)(1) does not contain a subpar. (J) and the amendments were included in a series of conforming amendments relating to the Panama Canal.

Subsec. (a)(1)(L). Pub. L. 104–201, §1122(a)(1), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(J) to (L). Pub. L. 103–359 directed the amendment of subpar. (J) by striking out "or" at end which could not be executed because par. (1) does not contain a subpar. (J), added "or" at end of subpar. (K), and added subpar. (L).

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1)(I) to (K). Pub. L. 98–618 struck out "or" at end of subpar. (I), inserted "or" at end of subpar. (J), and added subpar. (K).

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C) to (J). Pub. L. 97–468, eff. Jan. 5, 1985, struck out subpar. (C) which excluded the Alaska Railroad and redesignated subpars. (D) to (J) as (C) to (I), respectively. See Effective Date of 1983 Amendment note below.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1)(J). Pub. L. 96–191 added subpar. (J).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Commission" for "Company".

Amendment by section 1122(a)(1) of Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–468 effective on date of transfer of Alaska Railroad to the State [Jan. 5, 1985], pursuant to section 1203 of Title 45, Railroads, see section 615(b) of Pub. L. 97–468.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–191 effective Oct. 1, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–191.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, except that in the case of employees referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B) and (C) section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 180th day after Aug. 19, 1972, or on such earlier date (not earlier than 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972) as Civil Service Commission may prescribe, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Virgin Islands Corporation established to have succession until June 30, 1969, unless sooner dissolved by Act of Congress, by act June 30, 1949, ch. 285, 63 Stat. 350, as amended (48 U.S.C. 1407 et seq.). Corporation terminated its program June 30, 1965, and dissolved July 1, 1966. Act June 30, 1949, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–357, title III, §308(e), Oct. 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 1710.

1 So in original. The word "or" probably should not appear.

2 So in original. Subsec. (a)(1) does not contain a subpar. (I).

(a) The pay of prevailing rate employees shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates. Subject to section 213(f) of title 29, the rates may not be less than the appropriate rates provided by section 206(a)(1) of title 29. To carry out this subsection—

(1) the Office of Personnel Management shall define, as appropriate—

(A) with respect to prevailing rate employees other than prevailing rate employees under paragraphs (B) and (C) of section 5342(a)(2) of this title, the boundaries of—

(i) individual local wage areas for prevailing rate employees having regular wage schedules and rates; and

(ii) wage areas for prevailing rate employees having special wage schedules and rates;

(B) with respect to prevailing rate employees under paragraphs (B) and (C) of section 5342(a)(2) of this title, the boundaries of—

(i) individual local wage areas for prevailing rate employees under such paragraphs having regular wage schedules and rates (but such boundaries shall not extend beyond the immediate locality in which the particular prevailing rate employees are employed); and

(ii) wage areas for prevailing rate employees under such paragraphs having special wage schedules and rates;

(2) the Office of Personnel Management shall designate a lead agency for each wage area;

(3) subject to paragraph (5) of this subsection, and subsections (c)(1)–(3) and (d) of this section, a lead agency shall conduct wage surveys, analyze wage survey data, and develop and establish appropriate wage schedules and rates for prevailing rate employees;

(4) the head of each agency having prevailing rate employees in a wage area shall apply, to the prevailing rate employees of that agency in that area, the wage schedules and rates established by the lead agency, or by the Office of Personnel Management, as appropriate, for prevailing rate employees in that area; and

(5) the Office of Personnel Management shall establish wage schedules and rates for prevailing rate employees who are United States citizens employed in any area which is outside the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the territories and possessions of the United States, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall schedule full-scale wage surveys every 2 years and shall schedule interim surveys to be conducted between each 2 consecutive full-scale wage surveys. The Office may schedule more frequent surveys when conditions so suggest.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management, by regulation, shall prescribe practices and procedures for conducting wage surveys, analyzing wage survey data, developing and establishing wage schedules and rates, and administering the prevailing rate system. The regulations shall provide—

(1) that, subject to subsection (d) of this section, wages surveyed be those paid by private employers in the wage area for similar work performed by regular full-time employees, except that, for prevailing rate employees under paragraphs (B) and (C) of section 5342(a)(2) of this title, the wages surveyed shall be those paid by private employers to full-time employees in a representative number of retail, wholesale, service, and recreational establishments similar to those in which such prevailing rate employees are employed;

(2) for participation at all levels by representatives of organizations accorded recognition as the representatives of prevailing rate employees in every phase of providing an equitable system for fixing and adjusting the rates of pay for prevailing rate employees, including the planning of the surveys, the drafting of specifications, the selection of data collectors, the collection and the analysis of the data, and the submission of recommendations to the head of the lead agency for wage schedules and rates and for special wage schedules and rates where appropriate;

(3) for requirements for the accomplishment of wage surveys and for the development of wage schedules and rates for prevailing rate employees, including, but not limited to—

(A) nonsupervisory and supervisory prevailing rate employees paid under regular wage schedules and rates;

(B) nonsupervisory and supervisory prevailing rate employees paid under special wage schedules and rates; and

(C) nonsupervisory and supervisory prevailing rate employees described under paragraphs (B) and (C) of section 5342(a)(2) of this title;

(4) for proper differentials, as determined by the Office, for duty involving unusually severe working conditions or unusually severe hazards, and for any hardship or hazard related to asbestos, such differentials shall be determined by applying occupational safety and health standards consistent with the permissible exposure limit promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970;

(5) rules governing the administration of pay for individual employees on appointment, transfer, promotion, demotion, and other similar changes in employment status; and

(6) for a continuing program of maintenance and improvement designed to keep the prevailing rate system fully abreast of changing conditions, practices, and techniques both in and out of the Government of the United States.

(d)(1) A lead agency, in making a wage survey, shall determine whether there exists in the local wage area a number of comparable positions in private industry sufficient to establish wage schedules and rates for the principal types of positions for which the survey is made. The determination shall be in writing and shall take into consideration all relevant evidence, including evidence submitted by employee organizations recognized as representative of prevailing rate employees in that area.

(2) When the lead agency determines that there is a number of comparable positions in private industry insufficient to establish the wage schedules and rates, such agency shall establish the wage schedules and rates on the basis of—

(A) local private industry rates; and

(B) rates paid for comparable positions in private industry in the nearest wage area that such agency determines is most similar in the nature of its population, employment, manpower, and industry to the local wage area for which the wage survey is being made.

(e)(1) Each grade of a regular wage schedule for nonsupervisor prevailing rate employees shall have 5 steps with—

(A) the first step at 96 percent of the prevailing rate;

(B) the second step at 100 percent of the prevailing rate;

(C) the third step at 104 percent of the prevailing rate;

(D) the fourth step at 108 percent of the prevailing rate; and

(E) the fifth step at 112 percent of the prevailing rate.

(2) A prevailing rate employee under a regular wage schedule who has a work performance rating of satisfactory or better, as determined by the head of the agency, shall advance automatically to the next higher step within the grade at the beginning of the first applicable pay period following his completion of—

(A) 26 calendar weeks of service in step 1;

(B) 78 calendar weeks of service in step 2; and

(C) 104 calendar weeks of service in each of steps 3 and 4.

(3) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the benefits of successive step increases shall be preserved for prevailing rate employees under a regular wage schedule whose continuous service is interrupted in the public interest by service with the armed forces or by service in essential non-Government civilian employment during a period of war or national emergency.

(4) Supervisory wage schedules and special wage schedules authorized under subsection (c)(3) of this section may have single or multiple rates or steps according to prevailing practices in the industry on which the schedule is based.

(f) A prevailing rate employee is entitled to pay at his scheduled rate plus a night differential—

(1) amounting to 7½ percent of that scheduled rate for regularly scheduled nonovertime work a majority of the hours of which occur between 3 p.m. and midnight; and

(2) amounting to 10 percent of that scheduled rate for regularly scheduled nonovertime work a majority of the hours of which occur between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m.

A night differential under this subsection is a part of basic pay.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 566; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(10), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 99–145, title XII, §1242(a), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(3)(B), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1113(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1636.)

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590, which is classified principally to chapter 15 (§651 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 651 of Title 29 and Tables.

A prior section 5343, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471, related to effective date of pay increases and is covered by section 5344(a) of this title.

Provisions similar to those comprising part of first sentence of subsec. (c) and subsec. (d) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 90–560, §4, Oct. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 997 (formerly classified to section 5341(c) of this title) prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 92–392.

**2003**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 108–136 inserted before semicolon at end ", and for any hardship or hazard related to asbestos, such differentials shall be determined by applying occupational safety and health standards consistent with the permissible exposure limit promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970".

**2001**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 107–107 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "When the lead agency determines that there is a number of comparable positions in private industry insufficient to establish the wage schedules and rates, such agency shall—

"(A) establish the wage schedules and rates to be applicable to prevailing rate employees other than prevailing rate employees of the Department of Defense on the basis of—

"(i) local private industry rates; and

"(ii) rates paid for comparable positions in private industry in the nearest wage area that such agency determines is most similar in the nature of its population, employment, manpower, and industry to the local wage area for which the wage survey is being made; and

"(B) establish the wage schedules and rates to be applicable to prevailing rate employees of the Department of Defense only on the basis of local private industry rates."

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–201 struck out "the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979)," after "Puerto Rico,".

**1985**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 99–145 amended par. (2) generally, designating existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserting "to be applicable to prevailing rate employees other than prevailing rate employees of the Department of Defense", redesignating as cls. (i) and (ii) provisions previously designated subpars. (A) and (B), and adding subpar. (B).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979)" for "Canal Zone".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c), (e)(3). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1122(c), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1637, provided that: "Subject to any vested constitutional property rights, any administrative or judicial determination after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003] concerning backpay for a differential established under sections 5343(c)(4) or 5545(d) of such title [this title] shall be based on occupational safety and health standards described in the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 5545 of this title]."

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1113(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1239, provided that: "Wage adjustments made pursuant to the amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect in each applicable wage area on the first normal effective date of the applicable wage survey adjustment that occurs after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001]."

Section 1242(b) of Pub. L. 99–145 provided that: "The rate of pay payable to a prevailing rate employee employed by the Department of Defense on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1985] may not be reduced by reason of the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section other than subsec. (e)(1)(D), (E), (2)(C) of this section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, and such subsec. (a)(1)(D), (E), (2)(C) not effective until first day of first pay period commencing after date on which President ceases to exercise his authority under Economic Stabilization Act of 1970 to stabilize wages and salaries, or Apr. 30, 1973, whichever occurs first, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–328, div. E, title VII, §737, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4712, provided that:

"(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and except as otherwise provided in this section, no part of any of the funds appropriated for fiscal year 2023, by this or any other Act, may be used to pay any prevailing rate employee described in section 5342(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code—

"(A) during the period from the date of expiration of the limitation imposed by the comparable section for the previous fiscal years until the normal effective date of the applicable wage survey adjustment that is to take effect in fiscal year 2023, in an amount that exceeds the rate payable for the applicable grade and step of the applicable wage schedule in accordance with such section; and

"(B) during the period consisting of the remainder of fiscal year 2023, in an amount that exceeds, as a result of a wage survey adjustment, the rate payable under subparagraph (A) by more than the sum of—

"(i) the percentage adjustment taking effect in fiscal year 2023 under section 5303 of title 5, United States Code, in the rates of pay under the General Schedule; and

"(ii) the difference between the overall average percentage of the locality-based comparability payments taking effect in fiscal year 2023 under section 5304 of such title (whether by adjustment or otherwise), and the overall average percentage of such payments which was effective in the previous fiscal year under such section.

"(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no prevailing rate employee described in subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 5342(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code, and no employee covered by section 5348 of such title, may be paid during the periods for which paragraph (1) is in effect at a rate that exceeds the rates that would be payable under paragraph (1) were paragraph (1) applicable to such employee.

"(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the rates payable to an employee who is covered by this subsection and who is paid from a schedule not in existence on September 30, 2022, shall be determined under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management.

"(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, rates of premium pay for employees subject to this subsection may not be changed from the rates in effect on September 30, 2022, except to the extent determined by the Office of Personnel Management to be consistent with the purpose of this subsection.

"(5) This subsection shall apply with respect to pay for service performed after September 30, 2022.

"(6) For the purpose of administering any provision of law (including any rule or regulation that provides premium pay, retirement, life insurance, or any other employee benefit) that requires any deduction or contribution, or that imposes any requirement or limitation on the basis of a rate of salary or basic pay, the rate of salary or basic pay payable after the application of this subsection shall be treated as the rate of salary or basic pay.

"(7) Nothing in this subsection shall be considered to permit or require the payment to any employee covered by this subsection at a rate in excess of the rate that would be payable were this subsection not in effect.

"(8) The Office of Personnel Management may provide for exceptions to the limitations imposed by this subsection if the Office determines that such exceptions are necessary to ensure the recruitment or retention of qualified employees.

"(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the adjustment in rates of basic pay for the statutory pay systems that take place in fiscal year 2023 under sections 5344 and 5348 of title 5, United States Code, shall be—

"(1) not less than the percentage received by employees in the same location whose rates of basic pay are adjusted pursuant to the statutory pay systems under sections 5303 and 5304 of title 5, United States Code: *Provided*, That prevailing rate employees at locations where there are no employees whose pay is increased pursuant to sections 5303 and 5304 of title 5, United States Code, and prevailing rate employees described in section 5343(a)(5) of title 5, United States Code, shall be considered to be located in the pay locality designated as 'Rest of United States' pursuant to section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, for purposes of this subsection; and

"(2) effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning after September 30, 2022."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 117–103, div. E, title VII, §737, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 301.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. E, title VII, §737, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1438.

Pub. L. 116–93, div. C, title VII, §737, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2492.

Pub. L. 116–6, div. D, title VII, §737, Feb. 15, 2019, 133 Stat. 195.

Pub. L. 115–141, div. E, title VII, §737, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 595.

Pub. L. 115–31, div. E, title VII, §737, May 5, 2017, 131 Stat. 385.

Pub. L. 114–113, div. E, title VII, §737, Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2481.

Pub. L. 113–235, div. E, title VII, §737, Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2387.

Pub. L. 113–76, div. E, title VII, §740, Jan. 17, 2014, 128 Stat. 239.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §710, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3206.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §710, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 682.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §712, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2021.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §813, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2497.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, §613, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3275.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §613, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 352.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §613, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 465.

Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §613, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 547, as amended by Pub. L. 108–2, §3, Jan. 10, 2003, 117 Stat. 5.

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §613], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–157.

Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §613, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 468.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §614], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–515.

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §614, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1311.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §616], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–356.

Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §616, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 500, as amended by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §206(b)(3)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §617, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2419.

Pub. L. 103–123, title VI, §615, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1261.

Pub. L. 102–393, title VI, §616, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1768.

Pub. L. 102–141, title VI, §616, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 870.

Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §612, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1473.

Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §612, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 818.

Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §612, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1753.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §613], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–421.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VI, §613], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–330, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VI, §613], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–330.

Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15201(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 332.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, §613], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291.

Pub. L. 98–473, §101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, §616], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963.

Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2202, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1058.

Pub. L. 98–270, title II, §202(b), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 158.

Pub. L. 98–151, §101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, §616], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973.

Pub. L. 98–107, §110, Oct. 1, 1983, 97 Stat. 741.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §107, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1909.

Pub. L. 97–276, §109, Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1191.

Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1701(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 754.

Pub. L. 96–536, §101(a) [incorporating Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §613], Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3166.

Pub. L. 96–369, §114, Oct. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 1356.

Pub. L. 96–74, title VI, §613, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 576.

Pub. L. 95–429, title VI, §614, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1018.

Pub. L. 99–661, div. A, title XIII, §1358, Nov. 14, 1986, 100 Stat. 3999, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 110–114, title V, §5026, Nov. 8, 2007, 121 Stat. 1203, provided that: "Employees of the Corps of Engineers who are paid wages determined under the last undesignated paragraph under the heading 'Administrative Provisions' of chapter V of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1982 (5 U.S.C. 5343 note; 96 Stat. 832) shall be allowed, through appropriate employee organization representatives, to participate in wage surveys under such paragraph to the same extent as are prevailing rate employees under subsection (c)(2) of section 5343 of title 5, United States Code. Nothing in such section 5343 shall be construed to affect which agencies are to be surveyed under such paragraph."

Pub. L. 97–257, title I, §100, Sept. 10, 1982, 96 Stat. 832, provided in part that: "Without regard to any other provision of law limiting the amounts payable to prevailing wage rate employees, United States Army Corps of Engineers employees paid from Corps of Engineers Special Power Rate Schedules shall be paid, beginning the effective date of each annual wage survey in the region after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 10, 1982], wages as determined by the Department of Defense Wage Fixing Authority to be consistent with wages of the Department of Energy and the Department of the Interior employees performing similar work in the corresponding area whose wage rates are established in accordance with section 9(b) of Public Law 92–392 or section 704 of Public Law 95–454 [set out as notes under this section]."

Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §704, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1218, provided that:

"(a) Those terms and conditions of employment and other employment benefits with respect to Government prevailing rate employees to whom section 9(b) of Public Law 92–392 [set out as a note under this section] applies which were the subject of negotiation in accordance with prevailing rates and practices prior to August 19, 1972, shall be negotiated on and after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978] in accordance with the provisions of section 9(b) of Public Law 92–392 without regard to any provision of chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this title [title VII of Pub. L. 95–454]), to the extent that any such provision is inconsistent with this paragraph.

"(b) The pay and pay practices relating to employees referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be negotiated in accordance with prevailing rates and pay practices without regard to any provision of—

"(A) chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this title), to the extent that any such provision is inconsistent with this paragraph;

"(B) subchapter IV of chapter 53 and subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code; or

"(C) any rule, regulation, decision, or order relating to rates of pay or pay practices under subchapter IV of chapter 53 or subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 92–392, §9(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided by this subsection, an employee's initial rate of pay on conversion to a wage schedule established pursuant to the amendments made by this Act [see Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title] shall be determined under conversion rules prescribed by the Civil Service Commission. Service by an employee in a grade of a wage schedule performed before the effective date of the conversion of the employee to a wage schedule established pursuant to the amendments made by this Act shall be counted toward not to exceed one step increase under the time in step provisions of section 5343(e)(2) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by the first section of this Act [subsec. (e)(2) of this section].

"(2) In the case of any employee described in section 2105(c), 5102(c)(7), (8), or (14) of title 5, United States Code, who is in the service as such an employee immediately before the effective date, with respect to him, of the amendments made by this Act [see Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title], such amendments shall not be construed to decrease his rate of basic pay in effect immediately before the date [see Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title] on which such amendments become effective with respect to him. In addition, if an employee is receiving retained pay by virtue of law or agency policy immediately before the date on which the first wage schedule applicable to him under this Act is effective, he shall continue to retain that pay in accordance with the specific instructions under which the retained pay was granted until he leaves his position or until he becomes entitled to a higher rate."

Pub. L. 92–392, §9(b), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 574, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [enacting this subchapter and section 5550 of this title, amending sections 2105(c)(1), 5337, 5541(2)(xi), 5544(a), 5548, 6101(a)(1), 7154(b), and 8704(d)(2) of this title, repealing section 6102 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5341 and 5343 of this title and section 60a of Title 2, The Congress] shall not be construed to—

"(1) abrogate, modify, or otherwise affect in any way the provisions of any contract in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 19, 1972] pertaining to the wages, the terms and conditions of employment, and other employment benefits, or any of the foregoing matters, for Government prevailing rate employees and resulting from negotiations between Government agencies and organizations of Government employees;

"(2) nullify, curtail, or otherwise impair in any way the right of any party to such contract to enter into negotiations after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 19, 1972] for the renewal, extension, modification, or improvement of the provisions of such contract or for the replacement of such contract with a new contract; or

"(3) nullify, change, or otherwise affect in any way after such date of enactment [Aug. 19, 1972] any agreement, arrangement, or understanding in effect on such date [Aug. 19, 1972] with respect to the various items of subject matter of the negotiations on which any such contract in effect on such date [Aug. 19, 1972] is based or prevent the inclusion of such items of subject matter in connection with the renegotiation of any such contract, or the replacement of such contract with a new contract, after such date [Aug. 19, 1972]."

Pub. L. 92–392, §15(b), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575, provided that: "A wage survey conducted by an agency before the effective date (with respect to employees covered by that wage survey) of this Act [see note under section 5341 of this title], for a wage schedule which becomes effective after that effective date [Aug. 19, 1972], is deemed to meet the requirement in this Act for a survey by a lead agency."

Pub. L. 92–298, §§1, 2, May 17, 1972, 86 Stat. 146, provided: "That this Act [enacting this note and amending sections 4531 and 4571 of Title 2, The Congress] may be cited as the 'Prevailing Rate Equalization Adjustment Act of 1972'.

"

"(1) if based on a wage survey ordered to be made on or after August 15, 1971, but not placed into effect before November 14, 1971, by reason of the provisions of Executive Order 11615 or Executive Order 11627 [formerly set out as notes under section 1904 of Title 12]; or

"(2) if based on a wage survey which had been scheduled to be made during the period beginning on September 1, 1971, and ending on January 12, 1972, and which was ordered to be made on or after January 23, 1972;

shall be effective on the date on which such wage schedule adjustment would have been effective under section 5343 of title 5, United States (Code), had the fiscal year 1972 schedule for wage surveys for such employees been followed.

"(b) Retroactive pay made under the provisions of this section will be made in accordance with section 5344 of title 5, United States Code."

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

(a) Each increase in rates of basic pay granted, pursuant to a wage survey, to prevailing rate employees is effective not later than the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the 45th day, excluding Saturdays and Sundays, following the date the wage survey is ordered to be made.

(b) Retroactive pay is payable by reason of an increase in rates of basic pay referred to in subsection (a) of this section only when—

(1) the individual is in the service of the Government of the United States, including service in the armed forces, or the government of the District of Columbia on the date of the issuance of the order granting the increase; or

(2) the individual retired or died during the period beginning on the effective date of the increase and ending on the date of issuance of the order granting the increase, and only for services performed during that period.

For the purpose of this subsection, service in the armed forces includes the period provided by statute for the mandatory restoration of the individual to a position in or under the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia after he is relieved from training and service in the armed forces or discharged from hospitalization following that training and service.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 568.)

Provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (a) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471 (formerly classified to section 5343 of this title) prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 92–392.

Section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

Section, added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 569, related to retained rate of pay on reduction in grade or reassignment.

A prior section 5345, added Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §223(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641, which provided for position classification appeals, was omitted in the general amendment of this subchapter, and is covered by section 5346(c) of this title.

Repeal effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, and an employee receiving pay on day before such effective date not to have such pay reduced or terminated and, unless section 5362 applies, employee is entitled to continuation of such pay, etc., see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, after consulting with the agencies and with employee organizations, shall establish and maintain a job grading system for positions to which this subchapter applies. In carrying out this subsection, the Office shall—

(1) establish the basic occupational alinement and grade structure or structures for the job grading system;

(2) establish and define individual occupations and the boundaries of each occupation;

(3) establish job titles within occupations;

(4) develop and publish job grading standards; and

(5) provide a method to assure consistency in the application of job standards.

(b) The Office, from time to time, shall review such numbers of positions in each agency as will enable the Office to determine whether the agency is placing positions in occupations and grades in conformance with or consistently with published job standards. When the Office finds that a position is not placed in its proper occupation and grade in conformance with published standards or that a position for which there is no published standard is not placed in the occupation and grade consistently with published standards, it shall, after consultation with appropriate officials of the agency concerned, place the position in its appropriate occupation and grade and shall certify this action to the agency. The agency shall act in accordance with the certificate, and the certificate is binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials.

(c) On application, made in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, by a prevailing rate employee for the review of the action of an employing agency in placing his position in an occupation and grade for pay purposes, the Office shall—

(1) ascertain currently the facts as to the duties, responsibilities, and qualification requirements of the position;

(2) decide whether the position has been placed in the proper occupation and grade; and

(3) approve, disapprove, or modify, in accordance with its decision, the action of the employing agency in placing the position in an occupation and grade.

The Office shall certify to the agency concerned its action under paragraph (3) of this subsection. The agency shall act in accordance with the certificate, and the certificate is binding on all administrative, certifying, payroll, disbursing, and accounting officials.

(Added Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §223(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641, §5345; renumbered §5346 and amended Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 570; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

**1972**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 92–392 added subsecs. (a) and (b).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–392 designated existing provisions as subsec. (c) and substituted in introductory text "Commission", "a prevailing rate of employee" and "in placing his position in an occupation and grade" for "Civil Service Commission", "an employee subject to section 5341(a) of this title" and "in classifying his position", respectively, in par. (2) "placed in the proper occupation and grade" for "properly classified", in par. (3) "in placing the position in an occupation and grade" for "in classifying the position" and in last sentence "subsection" for "section".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

(a) There is established a Federal Prevailing Rate Advisory Committee composed of—

(1) the Chairman, who shall not hold any other office or position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, and who shall be appointed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management for a 4-year term;

(2) one member from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, designated by the Secretary of Defense;

(3) two members from the military departments, designated by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(4) one member, designated by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management from time to time from an agency (other than the Department of Defense, a military department, and the Office of Personnel Management);

(5) an employee of the Office of Personnel Management, designated by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and

(6) five members, designated by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, from among the employee organizations representing, under exclusive recognition of the Government of the United States, the largest numbers of prevailing rate employees.

(b) In designating members from among employee organizations under subsection (a)(6) of this section, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall designate, as nearly as practicable, a number of members from a particular employee organization in the same proportion to the total number of employee representatives appointed to the Committee under subsection (a)(6) of this section as the number of prevailing rate employees represented by such organization is to the total number of prevailing rate employees. However, there shall not be more than two members from any one employee organization nor more than four members from a single council, federation, alliance, association, or affiliation of employee organizations.

(c) Every 2 years the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall review employee organization representation to determine adequate or proportional representation under the guidelines of subsection (b) of this section.

(d) The members from the employee organizations serve at the pleasure of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

(e) The Committee shall study the prevailing rate system and other matters pertinent to the establishment of prevailing rates under this subchapter and, from time to time, advise the Office of Personnel Management thereon. Conclusions and recommendations of the Committee shall be formulated by majority vote. The Chairman of the Committee may vote only to break a tie vote of the Committee.

(f) The Committee shall meet at the call of the Chairman. However, a special meeting shall be called by the Chairman if 5 members make a written request to the Chairman to call a special meeting to consider matters within the purview of the Committee.

(g)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), members of the Committee described in paragraphs (2)–(5) of subsection (a) of this section serve without additional pay. Members who represent employee organizations are not entitled to pay from the Government of the United States for services rendered to the Committee.

(2) The position of Chairman shall be considered to be a Senior Executive Service position within the meaning of section 3132(a), and shall be subject to all provisions of this title relating to Senior Executive Service positions, including section 5383.

(h) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide such clerical and professional personnel as the Chairman of the Committee considers appropriate and necessary to carry out its functions under this subchapter. Such personnel shall be responsible to the Chairman of the Committee.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 571; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(1), (2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(30), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 104–66, title II, §2181(d), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732.)

**1995**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out at end "The Committee shall make an annual report to the Office and the President for transmittal to Congress, including recommendations and other matters considered appropriate. Any member of the Committee may include in the annual report recommendations and other matters he considers appropriate."

**1992**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–378 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), members" for "Members", struck out second sentence which read as follows: "The Chairman is entitled to a rate of pay equal to the maximum rate currently paid, from time to time, under the General Schedule.", and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Office" for "Commission".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (e), (h). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Director of the Office of Personnel Management" for "Chairman of the Civil Service Commission" and "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission", wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, the pay of officers and members of crews of vessels excepted from chapter 51 of this title by section 5102(c)(8) of this title shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates and practices in the maritime industry.

(b) Vessel employees in an area where inadequate maritime industry practice exists and vessel employees of the Corps of Engineers shall have their pay fixed and adjusted under the provisions of this subchapter other than this section, as appropriate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471, §5348, formerly §5342; renumbered and amended Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(1), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(3)(C), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868.)

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(3)(C)(iii), substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsections (b) and (c)".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §3548(a)(3)(C)(i), (ii), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Vessel employees of the Panama Canal Commission may be paid in accordance with the wage practices of the maritime industry."

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Commission" for "Company".

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–392 inserted reference to subsection (c) of this section.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–392 added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

For provisions limiting the adjustment of salary or basic pay of employees covered by this section, see provisions set out as notes under section 5343 of this title.

(a) The pay of employees, described under section 5102(c)(7) of this title, in the Library of Congress, the Botanic Garden, the Government Publishing Office, the Government Accountability Office, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and the government of the District of Columbia, shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time as nearly as is consistent with the public interest in accordance with prevailing rates and in accordance with such provisions of this subchapter, including the provisions of section 5344, relating to retroactive pay, and subchapter VI of this chapter, relating to grade and pay retention, as the pay-fixing authority of each such agency may determine. Subject to section 213(f) of title 29, the rates may not be less than the appropriate rates provided for by section 206(a)(1) of title 29. If the pay-fixing authority concerned determines that the provisions of subchapter VI of this chapter should apply to any employee under his jurisdiction, then the employee concerned shall be deemed to have satisfied the requirements of section 5361(1) of this title if the tenure of his appointment is substantially equivalent to the tenure of any appointment referred to in such paragraph.

(b) Subsection (a) of this section does not modify or otherwise affect section 5102(d) of this title, section 305 of title 44, and section 5141 of title 31.

(Added Pub. L. 92–392, §1(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 572; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(H), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1222; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(11), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 100–426, title III, §301, Sept. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 1602; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(j), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Provisions similar to those comprising subsec. (a) of this section were contained in Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(97), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 220 (formerly classified to section 5341(a) of this title) prior to the general amendment of this subchapter by section 1(a) of Pub. L. 92–392.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–474 struck out "the Administrative Office of the United States Courts," before "the Library of Congress".

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–426 inserted reference to General Accounting Office.

**1982**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 5141" for "section 180".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "subchapter VI of this chapter, relating to grade and pay retention," for "section 5345, relating to retention of pay,", "subchapter VI of this chapter" for "section 5345 of this title", and "section 5361(1)" for "paragraph (2) of section 5345(a)".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Section effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as a note under section 5341 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency, a military department, and the government of the District of Columbia; and

(2) "student-employee" means—

(A) a student nurse, medical or dental intern, resident-in-training, student dietitian, student physical therapist, and student occupational therapist, assigned or attached to a hospital, clinic, or medical or dental laboratory operated by an agency; and

(B) any other student-employee, assigned or attached primarily for training purposes to a hospital, clinic, or medical or dental laboratory operated by an agency, who is designated by the head of the agency with the approval of the Office of Personnel Management.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 1052. | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §2, 61 Stat. 727. |


The section is restated in definition form. In paragraph (1), the words "an Executive agency, a military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "department, agency, or instrumentality of the Federal Government" in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102.

The exception from the Classification Act of 1923, as amended, is omitted as obsolete and superseded by the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, which is carried into this title. The present exception from the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, is carried into section 5102(c)(16).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The head of each agency, and the District of Columbia Council with respect to the government of the District of Columbia, shall fix the stipends of its student-employees. The stipend may not exceed the applicable maximum prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(7), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 1051 (1st sentence). | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §3 (1st sentence), 61 Stat. 727. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 inserted ", and the District of Columbia Council with respect to the government of the District of Columbia," after "head of each agency" and substituted "its" for "his".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

District of Columbia Council, as established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, abolished as of noon Jan. 2, 1975, by Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §711, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 818, and replaced by Council of District of Columbia, as provided by section 401 of Pub. L. 93–198.

An agency may provide living quarters, subsistence, and laundering to student-employees while at the hospitals, clinics, or laboratories. The reasonable value of the accommodations, when furnished, shall be deducted from the stipend of the student-employee. The head of the agency concerned, and the District of Columbia Council with respect to the government of the District of Columbia, shall fix the reasonable value of the accommodations at an amount not less than the lowest deduction applicable to regular employees at the same hospital, clinic, or laboratory for similar accommodations.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(8), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312.)

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5 U.S.C. 1051 (less 1st sentence). | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §3 (less 1st sentence), 61 Stat. 727. |


The section is restated for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 inserted ", and the District of Columbia Council with respect to the government of the District of Columbia," after "head of the agency concerned".

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

District of Columbia Council, as established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, abolished as of noon Jan. 2, 1975, by Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §711, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 818, and replaced by Council of District of Columbia, as provided by section 401 of Pub. L. 93–198.

(a) Status as a student-employee is not terminated by a temporary detail to or affiliation with another Government or non-Government institution to procure necessary supplementary training or experience pursuant to an order of the head of the agency. A student-employee may receive his stipend and other perquisites provided under this subchapter from the hospital, clinic, or laboratory to which he is assigned or attached for not more than 60 days of a detail or affiliation for each training year, as defined by the head of the agency.

(b) When the detail or affiliation under subsection (a) of this section is to or with another Federal institution, the student-employee is entitled to necessary expenses of travel to and from the institution in accordance with subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472.)

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5 U.S.C. 1055. | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §6, 61 Stat. 728. |


In subsection (b), the reference to "subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title" is substituted for the reference to "the Standardized Government Travel Regulations and the provisions of the Subsistence Expense Act of 1926, as amended" as the Subsistence Expense Act of 1926 was repealed by section 9(a) of the Travel Expense Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 167, part of which appeared in former section 842 and is carried into section 5708, and as the authority for the Standardized Government Travel Regulations in former section 840 is carried into section 5707 of subchapter I of chapter 57.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This subchapter does not limit the authority conferred on the Secretary of Veterans Affairs by chapter 73 of title 38.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(3), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274.)

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5 U.S.C. 1057. | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §8, 61 Stat. 728. | |

June 17, 1957, Pub. L. 85–56, §2201(19), 71 Stat. 159. | ||

Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(m), 72 Stat. 1265. |


The prohibition is restated in positive form.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Secretary of Veterans Affairs" for "Administrator of Veterans' Affairs".

Funds appropriated to an agency for expenses of its hospitals, clinics, and laboratories to which student-employees are assigned or attached are available to carry out the provisions of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 472.)

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5 U.S.C. 1058. | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §9, 61 Stat. 728. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A prior subchapter VI was renumbered VII by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(i), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means an employee to whom chapter 51 of this title applies, and a prevailing rate employee, as defined by section 5342(a)(2) of this title, whose employment is other than on a temporary or term basis;

(2) "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5102 of this title;

(3) "retained grade" means the grade used for determining benefits to which an employee to whom section 5362 of this title applies is entitled;

(4) "rate of basic pay" means—

(A) the rate of basic pay payable to an employee under law or regulations before any deductions or additions of any kind, but including—

(i) any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law;

(ii) any applicable special pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law; and

(iii) subject to such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, any applicable existing retained rate of pay established under section 5363 or similar provision of law; and

(B) in the case of a prevailing rate employee, the scheduled rate of pay determined under section 5343;

(5) "covered pay schedule" means the General Schedule, any prevailing rate schedule established under subchapter IV of this chapter, or a special occupational pay system under subchapter IX;

(6) "position subject to this subchapter" means any position under a covered pay schedule;

(7) "reduction-in-force procedures" means procedures applied in carrying out any reduction in force due to a reorganization, due to lack of funds or curtailment of work, or due to any other factor; and

(8) "retained rate" means the rate of basic pay to which an employee is entitled under section 5363(b)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1218; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §105(b)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1448; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(J), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(4), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2315.)

The General Schedule, referred to in par. (5), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 5361, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, which related to scientific and professional positions, was renumbered section 5371 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

**2004**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(4)(A), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: " 'rate of basic pay' means, in the case of a prevailing rate employee, the scheduled rate of pay determined under section 5343 of this title;".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(4)(B)–(D), added par. (8).

**1993**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 103–89 substituted "or a special occupational pay system under subchapter IX" for "a special occupational pay system under subchapter IX, or the performance management and recognition system under chapter 54 of this title".

**1990**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 101–509 inserted "a special occupational pay system under subchapter IX," before "or the performance".

**1984**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "performance management and recognition system" for "merit pay system".

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provisions relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §205, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(4), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1222, provided that:

"(A) The amendments made by this subsection [enacting sections 5361 to 5366 of this title and redesignating former sections 5361 to 5366 as sections 5371 to 5375 of this title, amending sections 559, 1305, 3104, 5102, 5107, 5334, 5349, and 8704 of this title, sections 4540, 7212, and 9540 of Title 10, Armed Forces, section 1715 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 3608 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and repealing sections 5337 and 5345 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978].

"(B) An employee who was receiving pay under the provisions of section 5334(d), 5337, or 5345 of title 5, United States Code, on the day before the effective date prescribed in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall not have such pay reduced or terminated by reason of the amendments made by this subsection and, unless section 5362 of such title 5 (as amended by subsection (a)(1) of this section) applies, such an employee is entitled to continue to receive pay as authorized by those provisions (as in effect on such date)."

(a) Any employee—

(1) who is placed as a result of reduction-in-force procedures from a position subject to this subchapter to another position which is subject to this subchapter and which is in a lower grade than the previous position, and

(2) who has served for 52 consecutive weeks or more in one or more positions subject to this subchapter at a grade or grades higher than that of the new position,

is entitled, to the extent provided in subsection (c) of this section, to have the grade of the position held immediately before such placement be considered to be the retained grade of the employee in any position he holds for the 2-year period beginning on the date of such placement.

(b)(1) Any employee who is in a position subject to this subchapter and whose position has been reduced in grade is entitled, to the extent provided in subsection (c) of this section, to have the grade of such position before reduction be treated as the retained grade of such employee for the 2-year period beginning on the date of the reduction in grade.

(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply with respect to any reduction in the grade of a position which had not been classified at the higher grade for a continuous period of at least one year immediately before such reduction.

(c) For the 2-year period referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the retained grade of an employee under such subsection (a) or (b) shall be treated as the grade of the employee's position for all purposes (including pay and pay administration under this chapter and chapter 55 of this title, retirement and life insurance under chapters 83, 84, and 87 of this title, and eligibility for training and promotion under this title) except—

(1) for purposes of subsection (a) of this section,

(2) for purposes of applying any reduction-in-force procedures, or

(3) for such other purposes as the Office of Personnel Management may provide by regulation.

(d) The foregoing provisions of this section shall cease to apply to an employee who—

(1) has a break in service of one workday or more;

(2) is demoted (determined without regard to this section) for personal cause or at the employee's request;

(3) is placed in, or declines a reasonable offer of, a position the grade of which is equal to or higher than the retained grade; or

(4) elects in writing to have the benefits of this section terminate.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1219; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(K), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982.)

A prior section 5362, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), (b)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183, which related to hearing examiners, was renumbered section 5372 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

**1993**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–89 substituted "chapter 55 of this title, retirement and life insurance under chapters 83, 84, and 87" for "chapters 54 and 55 of this title, retirement and life insurance under chapters 83 and 87" in introductory provisions, redesignated par. (4) as (3), and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "for purposes of determining whether the employee is covered by the performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54 of this title, or".

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "performance management and recognition system established under chapter 54" for "merit pay system established under section 5402".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Section 205 of Pub. L. 98–615 provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1222, provided that:

"(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, any employee—

"(A) whose grade was reduced on or after January 1, 1977, and before the effective date of the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [see Effective Date note set out under section 5361 of this title] under circumstances which would have entitled the employee to coverage under the provisions of section 5362 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this section) if such amendments had been in effect at the time of the reduction; and

"(B) who has remained employed by the Federal Government from the date of the reduction in grade to the effective date of the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section without a break in service of one workday or more;

shall be entitled—

"(i) to receive the additional pay and benefits which such employee would have been entitled to receive if the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section had been in effect during the period beginning on the effective date of such reduction in grade and ending on the day before the effective date of such amendments, and

"(ii) to have the amendments made by subsection (a), of this section apply to such employee as if the reduction in grade had occurred on the effective date of such amendments.

"(2) No employee covered by this subsection whose reduction in grade resulted in an increase in pay shall have such pay reduced by reason of the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section.

"(3)(A) For purposes of this subsection, the requirements under paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection, relating to continuous employment following reduction in grade, shall be considered to be met in the case of any employee—

"(i) who separated from service with a right to an immediate annuity under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, or under another retirement system for Federal employees; or

"(ii) who died.

"(B) Amounts payable by reason of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph in the case of the death of an employee shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of subchapter VIII of chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code, relating to settlement of accounts in the case of deceased employees.

"(4) The Office of Personnel Management shall have the same authority to prescribe regulations under this subsection as it has under section 5365 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to subchapter VI of chapter 53 of such title, as added by subsection (a) of this section."

(a) Any employee—

(1) who ceases to be entitled to the benefits of section 5362 of this title by reason of the expiration of the 2-year period of coverage provided under such section;

(2) who is in a position subject to this subchapter and who is subject to a reduction or termination of a special rate of pay established under section 5305 of this title (or corresponding prior provision of this title);

(3) who is in a position subject to this subchapter and who (but for this section) would be subject to a reduction in pay under circumstances prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management by regulation to warrant the application of this section; or

(4) who is in a position subject to this subchapter and who is subject to a reduction or termination of a rate of pay established under subchapter IX of chapter 53;

is entitled to a rate of basic pay in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management in conformity with the provisions of this section.

(b)(1)(A) If, as a result of any event described in subsection (a), the employee's former rate of basic pay is less than or equal to the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position immediately after the occurrence of the event involved, the employee is entitled to basic pay at the lowest rate of basic pay payable for such grade that equals or exceeds such former rate of basic pay.

(B) This section shall cease to apply to an employee to whom subparagraph (A) applies once the appropriate rate of basic pay has been determined for such employee under this paragraph.

(2)(A) If, as a result of any event described in subsection (a), the employee's former rate of basic pay is greater than the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position immediately after the occurrence of the event involved, the employee is entitled to basic pay at a rate equal to the lesser of—

(i) the employee's former rate of basic pay; or

(ii) 150 percent of the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position immediately after the occurrence of the event involved,

as adjusted by subparagraph (B).

(B) A rate to which an employee is entitled under this paragraph shall be increased at the time of any increase in the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position by 50 percent of the dollar amount of each such increase.

(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term "former rate of basic pay", as used with respect to an employee in connection with an event described in subsection (a), means the rate of basic pay last received by such employee before the occurrence of such event.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, in the case of an employee who—

(A) moves to a new official duty station, and

(B) in conjunction with such move, becomes subject to both a different pay schedule and (disregarding this subsection) the preceding provisions of this section,

this section shall be applied—

(i) first, by determining the rate of pay to which such employee would be entitled at the new official duty station based on such employee's position, grade, and step (or relative position in the pay range) before the move, and

(ii) then, by applying the provisions of this section that would apply (if any), treating the rate determined under clause (i) as if it were the rate last received by the employee before the application of this section.

(2) A reduction in an employee's rate of basic pay resulting from a determination under paragraph (1)(ii) is not a basis for an entitlement under this section.

(3) The rate of basic pay for an employee who is receiving a retained rate at the time of moving to a new official duty station at which different pay schedules apply shall be subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management consistent with the purposes of this section.

(d) A retained rate shall be considered part of basic pay for purposes of this subchapter and for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83, chapters 84 and 87, subchapter V of chapter 55, section 5941, and for such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe. The Office shall, for any purpose other than any of the purposes referred to in the preceding sentence, prescribe by regulation what constitutes basic pay for employees receiving a retained rate.

(e) This section shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, to an employee who—

(1) has a break in service of 1 workday or more;

(2) is entitled, by operation of this subchapter, chapter 51 or 53, or any other provision of law, to a rate of basic pay which is equal to or higher than, or declines a reasonable offer of a position the rate of basic pay for which is equal to or higher than, the retained rate to which the employee would otherwise be entitled; or

(3) is demoted for personal cause or at the employee's request.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1219; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §§101(b)(3)(B), 105(b)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1448; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(L), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(5), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2316.)

A prior section 5363, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, which related to limitation on pay fixed by administrative action, was renumbered section 5373 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(5)(A), inserted concluding provisions and struck out former concluding provisions which read as follows: "is entitled to basic pay at a rate equal to (A) the employee's allowable former rate of basic pay, plus (B) 50 percent of the amount of each increase in the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position immediately after such reduction in pay if such allowable former rate exceeds such maximum rate for such grade."

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 108–411, §301(a)(5)(B), added subsecs. (b) to (e) and struck out former subsecs. (b) and (c) which read as follows:

"(b) For the purpose of subsection (a) of this section, 'allowable former rate of basic pay' means the lower of—

"(1) the rate of basic pay payable to the employee immediately before the reduction in pay; or

"(2) 150 percent of the maximum rate of basic pay payable for the grade of the employee's position immediately after such reduction in pay.

"(c) The preceding provisions of this section shall cease to apply to an employee who—

"(1) has a break in service of one workday or more;

"(2) is entitled by operation of this subchapter or chapter 51 or 53 of this title to a rate of basic pay which is equal to or higher than, or declines a reasonable offer of a position the rate of basic pay for which is equal to or higher than, the rate to which the employee is entitled under this section; or

"(3) is demoted for personal cause or at the employee's request."

**1993**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–89 substituted "chapter 51 or 53" for "chapter 51, 53, or 54".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "5305 of this title (or corresponding prior provision of this title);" for "5303 of this title; or" in par. (2), inserted "or" at end of par. (3), and added par. (4).

Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(d), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2317, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the Office may require any agency—

(1) to report to the Office information with respect to vacancies (including impending vacancies);

(2) to take such steps as may be appropriate to assure employees receiving benefits under section 5362 or 5363 of this title have the opportunity to obtain necessary qualifications for the selection to positions which would minimize the need for the application of such sections;

(3) to establish a program under which employees receiving benefits under section 5362 or 5363 of this title are given priority in the consideration for or placement in positions which are equal to their retained grade or pay; and

(4) to place certain employees, notwithstanding the fact their previous position was in a different agency, but only in circumstances in which the Office determines the exercise of such authority is necessary to carry out the purpose of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1220.)

A prior section 5364, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, which related to miscellaneous positions in the executive branch, was renumbered section 5374 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(b) Under such regulations, the Office may provide for the application of all or portions of the provisions of this subchapter (subject to any conditions or limitations the Office may establish)—

(1) to any individual reduced to a grade of a covered pay schedule from a position not subject to this subchapter;

(2) to individuals to whom such provisions do not otherwise apply; and

(3) to situations the application to which is justified for purposes of carrying out the mission of the agency or agencies involved.

Individuals with respect to whom authority under paragraph (2) may be exercised include individuals who are moved without a break in service of more than 3 days from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) to employment in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is not described in section 2105(c).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1220; amended Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(f), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–336; Pub. L. 108–411, title III, §301(a)(6), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2317.)

A prior section 5365, added Pub. L. 91–34, §1(a), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41; amended Pub. L. 94–183, §2(20), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058, which related to the police force of National Zoological Park, was renumbered section 5375 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.

**2004**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–411 inserted "(subject to any conditions or limitations the Office may establish)" after "provisions of this subchapter" in introductory provisions.

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted at end "Individuals with respect to whom authority under paragraph (2) may be exercised include individuals who are moved without a break in service of more than 3 days from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentalities of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) to employment in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is not described in section 2105(c)."

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–411 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with provisions relating to conversion rules, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5363 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

(a)(1) In the case of the termination of any benefits available to an employee under this subchapter on the grounds such employee declined a reasonable offer of a position the grade or pay of which was equal to or greater than his retained grade or pay, such termination may be appealed to the Office of Personnel Management under procedures prescribed by the Office.

(2) Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to affect the right of any employee to appeal—

(A) under section 5112(b) or 5346(c) of this title, or otherwise, any reclassification of a position; or

(B) under procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, any reduction-in-force action.

(b) For purposes of any appeal procedures (other than those described in subsection (a) of this section) or any grievance procedure negotiated under the provisions of chapter 71 of this title—

(1) any action which is the basis of an individual's entitlement to benefits under this subchapter, and

(2) any termination of any such benefits under this subchapter,

shall not be treated as appealable under such appeals procedures or grievable under such grievance procedure.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221.)

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(i), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, redesignated former subchapter VI as VII.

(a) For the purposes of this section, "health care" means direct patient-care services or services incident to direct patient-care services.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management may, with respect to any employee described in subsection (c), provide that 1 or more provisions of chapter 74 of title 38 shall apply—

(1) in lieu of any provision of chapter 51 or 61, subchapter V of chapter 55, or any other provision of this chapter; or

(2) notwithstanding any lack of specific authority for a matter with respect to which chapter 51 or 61, subchapter V of chapter 55, or this chapter, relates.

(c) Authority under subsection (b) may be exercised with respect to any employee holding a position—

(1) to which chapter 51 applies, excluding any Senior Executive Service position and any position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service; and

(2) which involves health care responsibilities.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, §5361; renumbered §5371 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, 1224; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §205(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1456; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(31), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1162(b). | Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–367, §202 "Sec. 2(b)", 75 Stat. 790. Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1001(a)(1), 76 Stat. 863. |


The authority to fix rates of pay is added on authority of former section 1161, which is carried into section 3104.

For repeal of the Act of Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, 61 Stat. 715, as amended, see revision note for section 3104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "chapter 74" for "chapter 73" in introductory provisions and inserted "subchapter V of chapter 55," after "61," in pars. (1) and (2).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally, substituting designated provisions directing that Office of Personnel Management may provide that chapter 73 of title 38 provisions apply to certain health care professionals for undesignated text authorizing agency heads to fix pay rates for scientific and professional positions at between GS–16 and GS–18 rates.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) For the purposes of this section, the term "administrative law judge" means an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105.

(b)(1)(A) There shall be 3 levels of basic pay for administrative law judges (designated as AL–1, 2, and 3, respectively), and each such judge shall be paid at 1 of those levels, in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(B) Within level AL–3, there shall be 6 rates of basic pay, designated as AL–3, rates A through F, respectively. Level AL–2 and level AL–1 shall each have 1 rate of basic pay.

(C) The rate of basic pay for AL–3, rate A, may not be less than 65 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule, and the rate of basic pay for AL–1 may not exceed the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

(2) The Office of Personnel Management shall determine, in accordance with procedures which the Office shall by regulation prescribe, the level in which each administrative-law-judge position shall be placed and the qualifications to be required for appointment to each level.

(3)(A) Upon appointment to a position in AL–3, an administrative law judge shall be paid at rate A of AL–3, and shall be advanced successively to rates B, C, and D of that level at the beginning of the next pay period following completion of 52 weeks of service in the next lower rate, and to rates E and F of that level at the beginning of the next pay period following completion of 104 weeks of service in the next lower rate.

(B) The Office of Personnel Management may provide for appointment of an administrative law judge in AL–3 at an advanced rate under such circumstances as the Office may determine appropriate.

(4) Subject to paragraph (1), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 in the rates of basic pay under the General Schedule, each rate of basic pay for administrative law judges shall be adjusted by an amount determined by the President to be appropriate.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary to administer this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, §5362; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), (b)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183; renumbered §5372 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, 1224; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1445; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(32), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 106–97, §1, Nov. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1322.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1010 (3d sentence). | June 11, 1946, ch. 324, §11 (3d sentence), 60 Stat. 244. |


The exception from the operation of the efficiency rating system is omitted as covered by sections 4301(2)(E) and 5335(a)(B). The reference to "subchapter III of this chapter and chapter 51 of this title" is substituted for "the Classification Act of 1923, as amended" on authority of section 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 972.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(C), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–97, §1(1), designated first sentence as subpar. (A) and struck out after first sentence the following: "The rates of basic pay for those levels shall be as follows:

AL–3, rate A | 65 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–3, rate B | 70 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–3, rate C | 75 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–3, rate D | 80 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–3, rate E | 85 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–3, rate F | 90 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–2 | 95 percent of the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule. |

AL–1 | The rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule." |


Subsec. (b)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 106–97, §1(1), added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 106–97, §1(2), substituted "at the beginning of the next pay period following" for "upon" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 106–97, §1(3), added par. (4).

**1992**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "shall" for "shall,".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Administrative law judges appointed under section 3105 of this title are entitled to pay prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management independently of agency recommendations or ratings and in accordance with subchapter III of this chapter and chapter 51 of this title."

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 95–251 substituted "Administrative law judges" for "Hearing examiners" in section catchline and text.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(e)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1447, provided that: "In making initial pay adjustments for administrative law judges after this section and the amendments made by this section [enacting section 5372a of this title, amending this section, sections 5102, 5311, and 5335 of this title, section 938 of Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining, and section 607 of Title 41, Public Contracts] take effect [see Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title], the rate of basic pay for any such judge shall, upon conversion to the new pay system, be at least equal to the rate which was payable to that individual immediately before such conversion."

For adjustment of rates of basic pay for administrative law judges under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "contract appeals board member" means a member of an agency board of contract appeals appointed under section 7105(a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of title 41 or a member of the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals appointed under section 7105(b)(2) of title 41; and

(2) the term "appeals board" means an agency board of contract appeals established pursuant to section 7105(a)(1), (c)(1), or (d)(1) of title 41.

(b) Rates of basic pay for contract appeals board members shall be as follows:

(1) Chairman of an appeals board—the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

(2) Vice chairman of an appeals board—97 percent of the rate under paragraph (1).

(3) Other members of an appeals board—94 percent of the rate under paragraph (1).

(c) Rates of pay taking effect under this section shall be printed in the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §104(a)(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1446; amended Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, §847(f)(1), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3395; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(9), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(9)(A), substituted "section 7105(a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of title 41" for "section 8 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978" and "section 7105(b)(2) of title 41" for "section 42 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(9)(B), substituted "section 7105(a)(1), (c)(1), or (d)(1) of title 41" for "section 8 of the Contract Disputes Act of 1978".

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–163 inserted "or a member of the Civilian Board of Contract Appeals appointed under section 42 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act" after "of 1978".

Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VIII, §847(g), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3395, provided that: "Section 42 of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act, as added by this section, and the amendments and repeals made by this section [enacting section 438 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending this section and sections 601 and 607 of Title 41, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 607 of Title 41], shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 2006]."

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "administrative appeals judge position" means a position the duties of which primarily involve reviewing decisions of administrative law judges appointed under section 3105; and

(2) the term "agency" means an Executive agency, as defined by section 105, but does not include the Government Accountability Office.

(b) Subject to such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, the head of the agency concerned shall fix the rate of basic pay for each administrative appeals judge position within such agency which is not classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108.

(c) A rate of basic pay fixed under this section shall be—

(1) not less than the minimum rate of basic pay for level AL–3 under section 5372; and

(2) not greater than the maximum rate of basic pay for level AL–3 under section 5372.

(Added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §645(a)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–169; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (b), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §645(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–170, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [enacting this section] shall apply with respect to pay for service performed on or after the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after—

"(1) the 120th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000]; or

"(2) if earlier, the effective date of regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management to carry out such amendment."

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) and by the Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 400) and notwithstanding the provisions of other statutes, the head of an Executive agency or military department who is authorized to fix by administrative action the annual rate of basic pay for a position or employee may not fix the rate at more than the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule. This section does not impair the authorities provided by—

(1) sections 248, 482, 1766, and 1819 of title 12, section 206 of the Bank Conservation Act, sections 2B(b) 1 and 21A(e)(4) 1 of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, section 2A(i) 1 of the Home Owners' Loan Act, and sections 5.11 and 5.58 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971;

(2) section 831b of title 16;

(3) sections 403a–403c, 403e–403h, and 403j of title 50; 1 or

(4) 2 section 4802.

(4) 2 section 2(a)(7) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 2(a)(7)).

(b) Subsection (a) shall not affect the authority of the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of a military department to fix the pay of a civilian employee paid from nonappropriated funds, except that the annual rate of basic pay (including any portion of such pay attributable to comparability with private-sector pay in a locality) of such an employee may not be fixed at a rate greater than the rate for level III of the Executive Schedule.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, §5363; renumbered §5373, Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(4), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 101–73, title VII, §742(b), title XII, §1209, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 437, 523; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(H)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(4), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1102, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(C), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10702(c)(3), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 517.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2212. | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §308, 78 Stat. 432. Oct. 6, 1964, Pub. L. 88–631, §3(e), 78 Stat. 1008. |


The words "head of an Executive agency or military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "head of any executive department, independent establishment, or agency in the executive branch" because of the definitions in sections 102 and 105.

Standard changes are made to conform to the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 400), referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 88–426, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 400. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

Section 206 of the Bank Conservation Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is classified to section 206 of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Sections 2B(b) and 21A(e)(4) of the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), were classified to former sections 1422b(b) and 1441a(e)(4), respectively, of Title 12, Banks and Banking. Section 1422b of Title 12 was repealed by Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, §1204(1), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2786. Section 1441a of Title 12 was repealed by Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §364(b), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1555.

Section 2A(i) of the Home Owners' Loan Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), probably should be a reference to section 3(g) of the Home Owners' Loan Act, act June 13, 1933, ch. 64, as amended by Pub. L. 101–73, title III, §301, Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 278, which was classified to section 1462a(g) of Title 12, Banks and Banking, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 111–203, title III, §369(3)(B), July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1558.

Sections 5.11 and 5.58 of the Farm Credit Act of 1971, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), are classified to sections 2245 and 2277a–7, respectively, of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Sections 403a–403c, 403e–403h, and 403j of title 50, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), were editorially reclassified to sections 3501 to 3503, 3505, 3323, 3506, 3507, 3508, and 3510, respectively, of Title 50, War and National Defense. Section 403e–1 of Title 50, included within the reference to sections 403e–403h of Title 50, was enacted by Pub. L. 98–215, title IV, §402, Dec. 9, 1983, 97 Stat. 1477, after subsec. (a)(3) was enacted, and subsequently editorially reclassified to section 3323 of Title 50.

Level III of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out in section 5314 of this title.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(3)(A), which directed amendment of par. (2) by striking "or" at end, could not be executed because the word "or" did not appear at the end. See below.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(C)(i), struck out "or" at end.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(3)(B), which directed substitution of "; or" for the period at the end, could not be executed because there was no period at the end. See below.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(C)(ii), substituted "; or" for the period at the end.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 107–171, §10702(c)(3)(C), added par. (4) relating to section 2(a)(7) of the Commodity Exchange Act.

Pub. L. 107–123, §8(d)(1)(C)(iii), added par. (4) relating to section 4802.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–65 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) and" for "Except as provided", and added subsec. (b).

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–201 redesignated pars. (2) to (4) as (1) to (3), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "section 1202 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979;".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule." for "maximum rate for GS–18."

**1989**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 101–73, §1209, amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "sections 248, 481, 1437, 1439, and 1819 of title 12;".

Pub. L. 101–73, §742(b), inserted references to sections 1437 and 1439 of title 12.

**1979**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "section 1202 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979" for "section 121 of title 2, Canal Zone Code (76A Stat. 15)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–123 effective Oct. 1, 2001, see section 11 of Pub. L. 107–123, set out as a note under section 78ee of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Two pars. (4) have been enacted.

The head of the agency concerned shall fix the annual rate of basic pay for each position in the executive branch specifically referred to in, or covered by, a conforming change in statute made by section 305 of the Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 422), or other position in the executive branch for which the annual pay is fixed at a rate of $18,500 or more under special provision of statute enacted before August 14, 1964, which is not placed in a level of the Executive Schedule set forth in subchapter II of this chapter, at a rate equal to the pay rate of a grade and step of the General Schedule set forth in section 5332 of this title. The head of the agency concerned shall report each action taken under this section to the Office of Personnel Management and publish a notice thereof in the Federal Register, except when the President determines that the report and publication would be contrary to the interest of national security.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 473, §5364; renumbered §5374 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221, 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2213. | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §309, 78 Stat. 433. |


The word "office" is omitted as included in "position". The words "before August 14, 1964" are substituted for "prior to the date of enactment of this Act". The words "pursuant to section 303 of this Act" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform to the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 305 of the Government Employees Salary Reform Act of 1964, referred to in text, means section 305 of Pub. L. 88–426, Aug. 14, 1964. For complete classification of this section to the Code, see Tables.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution shall fix the annual rates of basic pay for positions on the police force of the National Zoological Park as follows:

(1) Private, not more than the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–7 of the General Schedule.

(2) Sergeant, not more than the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–8 of the General Schedule.

(3) Lieutenant, not more than the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–9 of the General Schedule.

(4) Captain, not more than the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable for grade GS–10 of the General Schedule.

(Added Pub. L. 91–34, §1(a), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41, §5365; amended Pub. L. 94–183, §2(20), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; renumbered §5375, Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(A)(ii), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1221; Pub. L. 101–263, §1(a), Apr. 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 125; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(33), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350.)

General Schedule, referred to in text, is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1992**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "GS–8" for "GS–8,".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–263 inserted "the" before "National" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution shall fix the per annum rates of basic pay of positions on the police force of the National Zoological Park in accordance with the following provisions:

"(1) Private—not more than the rate for GS–7, Step 5;

"(2) Sergeant—not more than the rate for GS–8, Step 5;

"(3) Lieutenant—not more than the rate for GS–9, Step 5;

"(4) Captain—not more than the rate for GS–10, Step 5."

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183 struck out designation "(a)" at beginning.

Pub. L. 101–263, §2, Apr. 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 125, provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 [amending this section] shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 4, 1990]."

Pub. L. 91–34, §3(a), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41, provided that: "The foregoing provisions of this Act [enacting this section and amending sections 5102 and 5109 of this title and section 193n of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works] shall become effective at the beginning of the first pay period which commences on or after the date of enactment of this Act [June 30, 1969]."

Pub. L. 91–34, §3(b), June 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 41, provided that: "No rate of basic pay shall be reduced by reason of the enactment of this Act [enacting this section and amending sections 5102 and 5109 of this title and section 193n of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works]."

(a) This section applies to—

(1) positions that are classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108; and

(2) scientific or professional positions established under section 3104;

but does not apply to—

(A) any Senior Executive Service position under section 3132; or

(B) any position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service under section 3151.

(b)(1) Subject to such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management prescribes, the head of the agency concerned shall fix the rate of basic pay for any position within such agency to which this section applies. A rate fixed under this section shall be—

(A) not less than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; and

(B) subject to paragraph (3), not greater than the rate of basic pay payable for level III of the Executive Schedule.

The payment of a rate of basic pay under this section shall not be subject to the pay limitation of section 5306(e) or 5373.

(2) Subject to paragraph (1), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, each rate of pay established under this section for positions within an agency shall be adjusted by such amount as the head of such agency considers appropriate.

(3) In the case of an agency which has a performance appraisal system which, as designed and applied, is certified under section 5307(d) as making meaningful distinctions based on relative performance, paragraph (1)(B) shall apply as if the reference to "level III" were a reference to "level II".

(4) No employee may suffer a reduction in pay by reason of transfer from an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under paragraph (3) to an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under paragraph (1)(B).

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §102(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1443; amended Pub. L. 110–372, §2(b), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Levels II and III of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), are set out in sections 5313 and 5314 of this title, respectively.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(b)(1), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "not greater than the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule.".

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110–372, §2(b)(2), added pars. (3) and (4).

Pub. L. 110–372, §2(d), Oct. 8, 2008, 122 Stat. 4044, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(3)

"(A) as provided before the effective date of the amendments made by this section, shall be considered a reference to the rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5315]; and

"(B) as provided on or after the effective date of the amendments made by this section, shall be considered a reference to—

"(i) the rate of basic pay for level III of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5314]; or

"(ii) if the head of the agency responsible for administering the applicable pay system certifies that the employees are covered by a performance appraisal system meeting the certification criteria established by regulation under section 5307(d), level II of the Executive Schedule [5 U.S.C. 5313]."

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(c), (d)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1442, provided that:

"(c)

"(1) any reference in a provision of law (which is outside title 5, United States Code, and in effect immediately before this section takes effect [see Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title], excluding any reference in a provision of law amended by this Act [see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 5301 of this title])—

"(A)(i) to the rate of pay for grade GS–18 of the General Schedule, or to the maximum rate of pay under the General Schedule, shall be considered a reference to the maximum rate payable under section 5376 of such title (as amended by section 102(a));

"(ii) to the minimum rate of pay for grade GS–16 of the General Schedule shall be considered a reference to the minimum rate payable under section 5376 of such title (as amended by section 102(a)); and

"(iii) to a rate of pay for grade GS–16 or 17 of the General Schedule shall (except as provided in clause (ii)) be considered a reference to a rate of pay for a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108 of such title (as amended by section 102(b)(2)); and

"(B) to a rate of pay under the General Schedule shall not include any comparability payment payable under section 5304 of such title (as amended by this section) or any geographic adjustment payable under section 302 [section 529 [title III, §302] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title]; and

"(2) any authority granted by a provision of law (which is outside such title, and in effect immediately before this section takes effect) to fix pay in accordance with chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title—

"(A) shall not be considered to include any authority under section 5304 of such title (as amended by this section) or section 302; but

"(B) shall be considered to include authority under section 5376 of such title (as amended by section 102(a)), if applicable.

"(d)

[For reference to maximum rate under section 5376 of this title, see section 2(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under this section.]

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5102; and

(2) the term "position" means—

(A) a position to which chapter 51 applies, including a position in the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service;

(B) a position under the Executive Schedule under sections 5312–5317;

(C) a position to which section 5372 applies (or would apply, but for this section);

(D) a position to which section 5372a applies (or would apply, but for this section);

(E) a position established under section 3104;

(F) a position in a category as to which a designation is in effect under subsection (i); and

(G) a position at the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the primary duties and responsibilities of which relate to intelligence functions (as determined by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation).

(b) Authority under this section—

(1) may be granted or exercised only with respect to a position—

(A) which requires expertise of an extremely high level in a scientific, technical, professional, or administrative field; and

(B) which is critical to the agency's successful accomplishment of an important mission; and

(2) may be granted or exercised only to the extent necessary to recruit or retain an individual exceptionally well qualified for the position.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget, may, upon the request of the head of an agency, grant authority to fix the rate of basic pay for 1 or more positions in such agency in accordance with this section.

(d)(1) The rate of basic pay fixed under this section by an agency head may not be less than the rate of basic pay (including any comparability payments) which would then otherwise be payable for the position involved if this section had never been enacted.

(2) Basic pay may not be fixed under this section at a rate greater than the rate payable for level I of the Executive Schedule, except upon written approval of the President.

(e) The authority to fix the rate of basic pay under this section for a position shall terminate—

(1) whenever the Office of Personnel Management determines (in accordance with such procedures and subject to such terms or conditions as such Office by regulation prescribes) that 1 or more of the requirements of subsection (b) are no longer met; or

(2) as of such date as such Office may otherwise specify, except that termination under this paragraph may not take effect before the authority has been available for such position for at least 1 calendar year.

(f) The Office of Personnel Management may not authorize the exercise of authority under this section with respect to more than 800 positions at any time, of which not more than 30 may, at any such time, be positions the rate of basic pay for which would otherwise be determined under subchapter II.

(g) The Office of Personnel Management shall consult with the Office of Management and Budget before making any decision to grant or terminate any authority under this section.

(h) The Office of Personnel Management shall report to the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate each year, in writing, on the operation of this section. Each report under this subsection shall include—

(1) the number of positions, in the aggregate and by agency, for which higher rates of pay were authorized or paid under this section during any part of the period covered by such report; and

(2) the name of each employee to whom a higher rate of pay was paid under this section during any portion of the period covered by such report, the rate on 1 rates paid under this section during such period, the dates between which each such higher rate was paid, and the rate or rates that would have been paid but for this section.

(i)(1) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "position" means the work, consisting of the duties and responsibilities, assignable to an employee, except that such term does not include any position under subsection (a)(2)(A)–(E).

(2) At the request of an agency head, the President may designate 1 or more categories of positions within such agency to be treated, for purposes of this section, as positions within the meaning of subsection (a)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §103(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1444; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(34), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1350; Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §102, Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2311; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §115, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2870.)

Level I of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is set out in section 5312 of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2)(G). Pub. L. 108–447 added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–411, §102(1), (2), substituted "Office of Management and Budget" for "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office of Personnel Management" for "Office of Management and Budget".

Subsec. (e)(1), (f). Pub. L. 108–411, §102(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Office of Management and Budget".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 108–411, §102(1)–(3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Office of Management and Budget" and "Office of Management and Budget" for "Office of Personnel Management" and struck out "prescribing regulations under this section or" before "making any decision".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–411, §102(2), (4), in introductory provisions, substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Office of Management and Budget" and "Committee on Government Reform" for "Committee on Post Office and Civil Service".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(2)(E), (F). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(34)(A), added subpars. (E) and (F).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(34)(B), added subsec. (i).

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Functions of President under this section assigned to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management by section 1 of Ex. Ord. No. 13415, Dec. 1, 2006, 71 F.R. 70641, set out as a note under section 4505a of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "or".

(a) The Secretary of the Department of the Treasury, or his designee, in his sole discretion shall fix the rates of basic pay for positions within the police forces of the United States Mint and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing without regard to the pay provisions of title 5, United States Code, except that no entry-level police officer shall receive basic pay for a calendar year that is less than the basic rate of pay for General Schedule GS–7 and no executive security official shall receive basic compensation for a calendar year that exceeds the basic rate of pay for General Schedule GS–15.

(b) For the purpose of this section, the term "police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint" means the employees of the Department of the Treasury who are appointed, under the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, as police officers for the protection of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint buildings and property.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §109(a)(1)(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1451; amended Pub. L. 104–52, title V, §521, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 494; Pub. L. 105–61, title I, §121, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1289.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1997**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–61 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) consisted of pars. (1) to (8) providing maximum levels of General Schedule at which Secretary of the Treasury was to set basic rates of pay for positions in police forces of Bureau of Engraving and Printing and United States Mint.

**1995**—Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 104–52, which directed amendment of this section by adding par. (8), was executed by adding par. (8) at end of subsec. (a) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §109(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1452, provided that:

"(1) This section and the amendments made by this section [enacting this section, amending section 5102 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note below] shall become effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 30th day following the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990].

"(2)(A) A special pay rate (as defined in subparagraph (B)) shall apply to an individual holding a position if—

"(i) as a result of the initial exercise of authority with respect to such position under the amendment made by subsection (a)(1)(A) [enacting this section], such individual would (but for this paragraph) be paid—

"(I) at the step of the grade for which such special pay rate is then in effect; or

"(II) at a level which is between steps for which special pay rates are then in effect; and

"(ii) such position is within the area or location with respect to which that special pay rate or those special pay rates, as applicable, are then in effect.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe regulations for determining which special pay rate shall apply in a situation described in clause (i)(II).

"(B) For the purpose of this paragraph, the term 'special pay rate' means a rate which—

"(i) is established under section 5303 of title 5, United States Code (or a succeeding provision of law);

"(ii) is applicable to positions within the police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint; and

"(iii) has been in effect (including any adjustments under section 5303(d) of such title) since on or before the effective date of this section.

"(3) No rate of basic pay in effect immediately before this section takes effect shall be reduced by reason of the enactment of this section."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §109(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1451, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §3(1), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355, provided that: "Nothing in this section or in any amendment made by this section [enacting this section, amending section 5102 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note above] shall—

"(1) affect any special pay rate under section 5303 of title 5, United States Code, established before this section takes effect; or

"(2) impair any authority to fix or adjust special pay rates under such section 5303 (or a succeeding provision of law) for positions within the police forces of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and the United States Mint."

[Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 to section 529 [title I, §109(b)] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out above, effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.]

(a)(1) For the purpose of this section—

(A) the term "agency" means an agency under subparagraph (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of section 4101(1) of this title, the Architect of the Capitol, the Botanic Garden, and the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services; and

(B) the term "student loan" means—

(i) a loan made, insured, or guaranteed under part B of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.);

(ii) a loan made under part D or E of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq., 1087aa et seq.); and

(iii) a health education assistance loan made or insured under part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 292 et seq.) or under part E of title VIII of such Act (42 U.S.C. 297a et seq.).

(2) An employee shall be ineligible for benefits under this section if the employee occupies a position that is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character.

(b)(1) The head of an agency may, in order to recruit or retain highly qualified personnel, establish a program under which the agency may agree to repay (by direct payments on behalf of the employee) any student loan previously taken out by such employee.

(2) Payments under this section shall be made subject to such terms, limitations, or conditions as may be mutually agreed to by the agency and employee concerned, except that the amount paid by an agency under this section may not exceed—

(A) $10,000 for any employee in any calendar year; or

(B) a total of $60,000 in the case of any employee.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be considered to authorize an agency to pay any amount to reimburse an employee for any repayments made by such employee prior to the agency's entering into an agreement under this section with such employee.

(c)(1) An employee selected to receive benefits under this section must agree in writing, before receiving any such benefit, that the employee will—

(A) remain in the service of the agency for a period specified in the agreement (not less than 3 years), unless involuntarily separated; and

(B) if separated involuntarily on account of misconduct, or voluntarily, before the end of the period specified in the agreement, repay to the Government the amount of any benefits received by such employee from that agency under this section.

(2) The payment agreed to under paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection may not be required of an employee who leaves the service of such employee's agency voluntarily to enter into the service of any other agency unless the head of the agency that authorized the benefits notifies the employee before the effective date of such employee's entrance into the service of the other agency that payment will be required under this subsection.

(3) If an employee who is involuntarily separated on account of misconduct or who (excluding any employee relieved of liability under paragraph (2) of this subsection) is voluntarily separated before completing the required period of service fails to repay the amount agreed to under paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection, a sum equal to the amount outstanding is recoverable by the Government from the employee (or such employee's estate, if applicable) by—

(A) setoff against accrued pay, compensation, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due the employee from the Government; and

(B) such other method as is provided by law for the recovery of amounts owing to the Government.

The head of the agency concerned may waive, in whole or in part, a right of recovery under this subsection if it is shown that recovery would be against equity and good conscience or against the public interest.

(4) Any amount repaid by, or recovered from, an individual (or an estate) under this subsection shall be credited to the appropriation account from which the amount involved was originally paid. Any amount so credited shall be merged with other sums in such account and shall be available for the same purposes and period, and subject to the same limitations (if any), as the sums with which merged.

(d) An employee receiving benefits under this section from an agency shall be ineligible for continued benefits under this section from such agency if the employee—

(1) separates from such agency; or

(2) does not maintain an acceptable level of performance, as determined under standards and procedures which the agency head shall by regulation prescribe.

(e) In selecting employees to receive benefits under this section, an agency shall, consistent with the merit system principles set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 2301(b) of this title, take into consideration the need to maintain a balanced workforce in which women and members of racial and ethnic minority groups are appropriately represented in Government service.

(f) Any benefit under this section shall be in addition to basic pay and any other form of compensation otherwise payable to the employee involved.

(g) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, after consultation with heads of a representative number and variety of agencies and any other consultation which the Director considers appropriate, shall prescribe regulations containing such standards and requirements as the Director considers necessary to provide for reasonable uniformity among programs under this section.

(h)(1) Each head of an agency shall maintain, and annually submit to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, information with respect to the agency on—

(A) the number of Federal employees selected to receive benefits under this section;

(B) the job classifications for the recipients; and

(C) the cost to the Federal Government of providing the benefits.

(2) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prepare, and annually submit to Congress, a report containing the information submitted under paragraph (1), and information identifying the agencies that have provided benefits under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(b)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1659; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(a), (b), (d)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–316; Pub. L. 108–123, §2, Nov. 11, 2003, 117 Stat. 1345; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1123(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 110–437, title V, §502, Oct. 20, 2008, 122 Stat. 4997.)

The Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i), (ii), is Pub. L. 89–329, Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1219. Parts B, D, and E of title IV of the Act are classified to parts B (§1071 et seq.), D (§1087a et seq.), and E (§1087aa et seq.), respectively, of subchapter IV of chapter 28 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 20 and Tables.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)(iii), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682. Part A of title VII of the Act is classified generally to part A (§292 et seq.) of subchapter V of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part E of title VIII of the Act is classified generally to part E (§297a et seq.) of subchapter VI of chapter 6A of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–437 inserted ", the Architect of the Capitol, the Botanic Garden, and the Office of Congressional Accessibility Services" after "title".

**2003**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–123, §2(1), and Pub. L. 108–136 amended subpar. (A) identically, substituting "$10,000" for "$6,000".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 108–123, §2(2), substituted "$60,000" for "$40,000".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(a)(1)], inserted "(20 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.)" before semicolon.

Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(a)(2)], substituted "part D or E of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087a et seq., 1087aa et seq.)" for "part E of title IV of the Higher Education Act of 1965".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(a)(3)], substituted "part A of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 292 et seq.) or under part E of title VIII of such Act (42 U.S.C. 297a et seq.)" for "part C of title VII of Public Health Service Act or under part B of title VIII of such Act".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(b)(1)], amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "An employee shall be ineligible for benefits under this section if such employee occupies a position which—

"(A) is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; or

"(B) is not subject to subchapter III of this chapter."

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(b)(2)], struck out "professional, technical, or administrative" after "highly qualified".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(d)], added subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1123(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1637, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 2004."

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1122(c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–316, provided that:

"(1) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue proposed regulations under section 5379(g) of title 5, United States Code. The Director shall provide for a period of not less than 60 days for public comment on the regulations.

"(2) Not later than 240 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000], the Director shall issue final regulations."

Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, §961, Aug. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 3473, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law—

"(1) a public or private institution of higher education may provide an officer or employee of any branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, who is a current or former student of such institution, financial assistance for the purpose of repaying a student loan or providing forbearance of student loan repayment if—

"(A) such repayment or forbearance is provided to such officer or employee in accordance with a written, published policy of the institution relating to repaying or providing forbearance, respectively, for students or former students who perform public service; and

"(B) in the case of a former student of the institution of higher education, the policy described in subparagraph (A) was in effect at the institution of higher education on the day before the date such officer or employee graduated from or otherwise ceased being a student at such institution; and

"(2) an officer or employee of any branch of the United States Government, of any independent agency of the United States, or of the District of Columbia may receive repayment or forbearance permitted under paragraph (1)."

Section, added Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(i)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1662, related to pay authority for critical positions. See section 5377 of this title. Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(i)(1), and provided that this title shall read as if section 1206(i)(1) had not been enacted.

Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(i)(3), provided that (A) unless section 5380 of this title did not take effect as provided in subpar. (B), such section would cease to be in effect on the earlier of Oct. 1, 1992, or the date of the enactment of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 [Nov. 5, 1990], and (B) section 5380 of this title would not take effect if the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 [Pub. L. 101–509] was enacted before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]. Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(i)(3), and provided that this title shall read as if section 1206(i)(3) had not been enacted.

Repeal effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 6303 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency", "Senior Executive Service position", "career appointee", and "senior executive" have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1171; amended Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §625(b), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 823.)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–136 inserted " 'career appointee'," before "and".

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, there shall be established a range of rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service, and each senior executive shall be paid at one of the rates within the range, based on individual performance, contribution to the agency's performance, or both, as determined under a rigorous performance management system. The lowest rate of the range shall not be less than the minimum rate of basic pay payable under section 5376, and the highest rate, for any position under this system or an equivalent system as determined by the President's Pay Agent designated under section 5304(d), shall not exceed the rate for level III of the Executive Schedule. The payment of the rates shall not be subject to the pay limitation of section 5306(e) or 5373.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a), the applicable maximum shall be level II of the Executive Schedule for any agency that is certified under section 5307 as having a performance appraisal system which, as designed and applied, makes meaningful distinctions based on relative performance.

(c) No employee may suffer a reduction in pay by reason of transfer from an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under subsection (b) to an agency with an applicable maximum rate of pay prescribed under subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1171; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(4)(B), (6)(A), (9)(I)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1440, 1442; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(a)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1638.)

Level III of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out in section 5314 of this title.

Level II of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out in section 5313 of this title.

**2003**—Pub. L. 108–136 substituted "Establishment of rates of pay for the Senior Executive Service" for "Establishment and adjustment of rates of pay for the Senior Executive Service" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) There shall be 5 or more rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service, and each senior executive shall be paid at one of the rates. The rates of basic pay shall be initially established and thereafter adjusted by the President subject to subsection (b) of this section.

"(b) In setting rates of basic pay, the lowest rate for the Senior Executive Service shall not be less than the minimum rate of basic pay payable under section 5376 and the highest rate shall not exceed the rate for level IV of the Executive Schedule. The payment of the rates shall not be subject to the pay limitation of section 5306(e) or 5373 of this title.

"(c) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 of this title in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, each rate of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service shall be adjusted by an amount determined by the President to be appropriate.

"(d) The rates of basic pay that are established and adjusted under this section shall be printed in the Federal Register and shall supersede any prior rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service."

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(6)(A), (9)(I)], substituted "under section 5376" for "for GS–16 of the General Schedule" and "5306(e)" for "5308".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(4)(B)], substituted "5303" for "5305" and struck out at end "The adjusted rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service shall be included in the report transmitted to the Congress by the President under section 5305(a)(3) or (c)(1) of this title."

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–136 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2004, but not to result in reduction in rate of basic pay for any senior executive during first year after effective date, see section 1125(c) of Pub. L. 108–136, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

For adjustment of rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service under this section, see the executive order detailing the adjustment of certain rates of pay set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

For miscellaneous provisions dealing with adjustments of pay and limitations on use of funds to pay salaries in prior years, see notes under section 5318 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 12592, Apr. 10, 1987, 52 F.R. 13417, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12609, Sept. 23, 1987, 52 F.R. 36211, which related to the establishment, functions, administration, and termination of the President's Commission on Compensation of Career Federal Executives, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12692, Sept. 29, 1989, 54 F.R. 40627, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of this title.

(a) Each appointing authority shall determine, in accordance with criteria established by the Office of Personnel Management, which of the rates within a range established under section 5382 shall be paid to each senior executive under such appointing authority.

(b) Members of the Senior Executive Service shall be subject to the limitation under section 5307.

(c) Except as provided in regulations prescribed by the Office under section 5385, the rate of basic pay for any senior executive may not be adjusted more than once during any 12-month period.

(d) The rate of basic pay for any career appointee may be reduced from any rate of basic pay to any lower rate of basic pay only if the career appointee receives a written notice of the reduction at least 15 days in advance of the reduction.

(e)(1) This subsection applies to—

(A) any individual who, after serving at least 5 years of current continuous service in 1 or more positions in the competitive service, is appointed, without any break in service, as a career appointee; and

(B) any individual who—

(i) holds a position which is converted from the competitive service to a career reserved position in the Senior Executive Service; and

(ii) as of the conversion date, has at least 5 years of current continuous service in 1 or more positions in the competitive service.

(2)(A) The initial rate of pay for a career appointee who is appointed under the circumstances described in paragraph (1)(A) may not be less than the rate of basic pay last payable to that individual immediately before being so appointed.

(B) The initial rate of pay for a career appointee following the position's conversion (as described in paragraph (1)(B)) may not be less than the rate of basic pay last payable to that individual immediately before such position's conversion.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1171; amended Pub. L. 96–166, §3, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §305, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3219; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(7)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1440; Pub. L. 102–175, §2, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1222; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(35), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(a)(3), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1639.)

**2003**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(3)(A), substituted "which of the rates within a range established under section 5382" for "which of the rates established under section 5382 of this title".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–136, §1125(a)(3)(B), substituted "as provided in regulations prescribed by the Office under section 5385" for "for any pay adjustment under section 5382 of this title".

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows:

"(1) In no event may the aggregate amount paid to a senior executive during any fiscal year under sections 4507, 5382, 5384, and 5948 of this title exceed the annual rate payable for positions at level I of the Executive Schedule in effect at the end of such fiscal year.

"(2)(A) Any amount which is not paid to a senior executive during a fiscal year because of the limitation under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be paid to that individual in a lump sum at the beginning of the following fiscal year.

"(B) Any amount paid under this paragraph during a fiscal year shall be taken into account for purposes of applying the limitation under paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to such fiscal year.

"(C) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations, consistent with section 5582 of this title, under which payment under this paragraph shall be made in the case of any individual whose death precludes payment under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph."

**1991**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–175 added subsec. (e).

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–509, which directed that "5304(j)," be struck out after the reference to section 4507, could not be executed because "5304(j)," does not appear in text.

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–615 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–166 inserted reference to section 5948.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–136 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2004, but not to result in reduction in rate of basic pay for any senior executive during first year after effective date, see section 1125(c) of Pub. L. 108–136, set out as a note under section 5304 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–168, title III, §301(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1112, required Office of Personnel Management to study and, within 12 months after Nov. 29, 1983, submit to each House of Congress a report on effect which 5 U.S.C. 5383(b) (relating to maximum aggregate amount payable to a member of Senior Executive Service in a fiscal year) has had with respect to recruitment, retention, and morale of career appointees in Senior Executive Service.

(a)(1) To encourage excellence in performance by career appointees, performance awards shall be paid to career appointees in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(2) Such awards shall be paid in a lump sum and shall be in addition to the basic pay paid under section 5382 of this title or any award paid under section 4507 of this title.

(b)(1) No performance award under this section shall be paid to any career appointee whose performance was determined to be less than fully successful at the time of the appointee's most recent performance appraisal and rating under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title.

(2) The amount of a performance award under this section shall be determined by the agency head but may not be less than 5 percent nor more than 20 percent of the career appointee's rate of basic pay.

(3) The aggregate amount of performance awards paid under this section by an agency during any fiscal year may not exceed the greater of—

(A) an amount equal to 10 percent of the aggregate amount of basic pay paid to career appointees in such agency during the preceding fiscal year; or

(B) an amount equal to 20 percent of the average of the annual rates of basic pay paid to career appointees in such agency during the preceding fiscal year.

(c)(1) Performance awards paid by any agency under this section shall be based on recommendations by performance review boards established by such agency under section 4314 of this title.

(2) not 1 less than a majority of the members of any review board referred to in paragraph (1) shall be career appointees whenever making recommendations under such paragraph with respect to a career appointee. The requirement of the preceding sentence shall not apply in any case in which the Office of Personnel Management determines that there exists an insufficient number of career appointees available to comply with the requirement.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management may issue guidance to agencies concerning the proportion of Senior Executive Service salary expenses that may be appropriately applied to payment of performance awards and the distribution of awards.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1172; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §302, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217; Pub. L. 101–136, title VI, §625(a), Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §632(a)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–523.)

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–277 substituted "10 percent" for "3 percent" in subpar. (A) and substituted "20 percent" for "15 percent" in subpar. (B).

**1989**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–136 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–615, §302(1), substituted "but may not be less than 5 percent nor more than 20 percent" for "but may not exceed 20 percent".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–615, §302(2), substituted provisions limiting the aggregate amount of performance awards paid under this section by an agency during any fiscal year to the greater of 3 percent of the aggregate basic pay of career appointees in that agency during the preceding fiscal year or 15 percent of the average of the annual rates of basic pay of such appointees during such fiscal year for provisions limiting the number of career appointees paid performance awards under this section during any fiscal year to 50 percent of the number of Senior Executive Service positions in such agency, except for an agency having less than 4 such positions.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §632(b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–523, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1998, or the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], whichever is later."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective following expiration of 90-day period beginning on Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

Section 306(c) of S. 2939, Ninety-seventh Congress, 2nd Session, as reported Sept. 22, 1982, and incorporated by reference in Pub. L. 97–276, §101(e), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1189, to be effective as if enacted into law, provided that: "None of the funds appropriated by this Act or any other Act shall be used by any agency to pay performance awards in fiscal year 1983 under section 5384 of title 5, United States Code, or any comparable personnel system established on or after October 13, 1978, to more than 20 per centum of the number of Senior Executive Service or comparable personnel system positions in such agency: *Provided*, That an agency with less than five Senior Executive Service employees or equivalent positions may grant one such performance award."

Similar provisions were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 97–51, §§101(c), 124, Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 959, 965.

Pub. L. 96–536, §101(c), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3167.

Pub. L. 96–369, §101(c), Oct. 1, 1980, 94 Stat. 1352.

Pub. L. 96–304, title III, §303, July 8, 1980, 94 Stat. 927.

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §407(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1172.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(36), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351, struck out subchapter analysis, consisting of item 5391 "Definitions" and item 5392 "Establishment of special occupational pay systems".

For the purposes of this subchapter, "agency", "employee", and "position" have the meanings given them by section 5102.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §105(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1447.)

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) Authority under this section may be exercised with respect to any occupation or group of occupations to which subchapter III applies (or would apply but for this section).

(b) Subject to subsection (a), the President's pay agent (as referred to in section 5304(d)) may establish one or more special occupational pay systems for any positions within occupations or groups of occupations that the pay agent determines, for reasons of good administration, should not be classified under chapter 51 or subject to subchapter III.

(c) In establishing special occupational pay systems, the pay agent shall—

(1) identify occupations or groups of occupations for which chapter 51 and subchapter III do not function adequately;

(2) consider alternative approaches for determining the pay for employees in positions in such occupations or groups of occupations;

(3) give thorough consideration to the views of agencies employing such employees and labor organizations representing such employees, as well as other interested parties;

(4) publish a proposed plan for determining the pay of such employees in the Federal Register;

(5) conduct one or more public hearings;

(6) provide each House of Congress with a report at least 90 days in advance of the date the system is to take effect setting forth the details of the proposed plan; and

(7) not later than 30 days before the date the system is to take effect, publish in the Federal Register the details of the final plan for the special occupational pay system.

(d) A special occupational pay system may not—

(1) provide for a waiver of any law, rule, or regulation that could not be waived under section 4703(c); or

(2) provide a rate of basic pay for any employee in excess of the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

(e) Subject to subsection (d)(2), effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment takes effect under section 5303 in the rates of pay under the General Schedule, each rate of pay established under this section shall be adjusted by such amount as the Office considers appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §105(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1448.)

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (e), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.


A prior chapter 54, consisting of sections 5401 to 5410, related to performance management and recognition system, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

Pub. L. 103–89, §4, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 983, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'employee' means an individual employed by an agency (within the meaning of section 7103(a)(3) of title 5, United States Code);

"(2) the term 'performance management and recognition system' means the performance management and recognition system under [former] chapter 54 of title 5, United States Code;

"(3) the term 'basic pay' does not include any amount payable under section 302 [set out as a note under section 5304 of this title] or title IV [see Short Title set out in a note under section 5305 of this title] of FEPCA or section 5304 or 5304a of title 5, United States Code;

"(4) the term 'pay rate', as used in clauses (iii) through (v) of subsection (c)(2)(B), is used in the same way as such term is used under section 5335(a) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(5) the term 'FEPCA' means the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990 [section 529 [§§1–412] of Pub. L. 101–509, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment; Rules of Construction note set out under section 5301 of this title] (contained in the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991 (Public Law 101–509; 104 Stat. 1427)).

"(b)

"(1) which is in the same grade of the General Schedule, and the same agency, as the position which such employee occupied on October 31, 1993; and

"(2) to which the provisions of [former] chapter 54 of title 5, United States Code (as in effect on October 31, 1993) would apply if such provisions had remained in effect.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) the rate of basic pay determined under this section for an employee shall be treated as a rate of basic pay described in section 5302(8) of such title;

"(ii) the position then currently occupied by an employee who is subject to this section shall be deemed to be a 'General Schedule position' within the meaning of section 5302(9) of such title; and

"(iii) any employee who is subject to this section shall be considered to be a 'General Schedule employee' (as referred to in section 302(b) of FEPCA).

"(B)

"(i) any reference in such provisions to a 'step-increase' shall be considered to mean an increase equal to one-ninth of the difference between the minimum and maximum rates of pay for the applicable grade of the General Schedule;

"(ii) any reference in such provisions to the 'next higher rate within the grade' shall be considered to mean the rate of basic pay which exceeds such employee's then current rate of basic pay by the amount of a step-increase;

"(iii) if the employee's rate of basic pay is less than the rate for pay rate 4 of the applicable grade, such employee's rate of basic pay shall be governed by paragraph (1) of section 5335(a) of such title;

"(iv) if the employee's rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than the rate for pay rate 4 but less than the rate for pay rate 7 of the applicable grade, such employee's rate of basic pay shall be governed by paragraph (2) of section 5335(a) of such title; and

"(v) if the employee's rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than the rate for pay rate 7 but less than the maximum rate of the applicable grade, such employee's rate of basic pay shall be governed by paragraph (3) of section 5335(a) of such title.

No rate of basic pay for an employee may be increased, as a result of this subparagraph (or any provision of law to which any clause of this subparagraph relates), if or to the extent that the resulting rate would exceed the maximum rate for the grade of the position occupied by such employee.

"(d)

The purpose of this chapter is to promote, through the creation of a Human Capital Performance Fund, greater performance in the Federal Government. Monies from the Fund will be used to reward agencies' highest performing and most valuable employees. This Fund will offer Federal managers a new tool to recognize employee performance that is critical to the achievement of agency missions.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1642.)

A prior section 5401, added Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §501, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1180; amended Pub. L. 97–346, §2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1647; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3208; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(37), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351, stated purpose of chapter to provide a performance management and recognition system, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency under section 105, but does not include the Government Accountability Office;

(2) "employee" includes—

(A) an individual paid under a statutory pay system defined in section 5302(1);

(B) a prevailing rate employee, as defined in section 5342(a)(2); and

(C) a category of employees included by the Office of Personnel Management following the review of an agency plan under section 5403(b)(1);

but does not include—

(i) an individual paid at an annual rate of basic pay for a level of the Executive Schedule, under subchapter II of chapter 53, or at a rate provided for one of those levels under another provision of law;

(ii) a member of the Senior Executive Service paid under subchapter VIII of chapter 53, or an equivalent system;

(iii) an administrative law judge paid under section 5372;

(iv) a contract appeals board member paid under section 5372a;

(v) an administrative appeals judge paid under section 5372b; and

(vi) an individual in a position which is excepted from the competitive service because of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; and

(3) "Office" means the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1642; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

A prior section 5402, added Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §501, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1181; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3208, related to applicability of chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

**2004**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

(a) There is hereby established the Human Capital Performance Fund, to be administered by the Office for the purpose of this chapter.

(b)(1)(A) An agency shall submit a plan as described in section 5406 to be eligible for consideration by the Office for an allocation under this section. An allocation shall be made only upon approval by the Office of an agency's plan.

(B)(i) After the reduction for training required under section 5408, ninety percent of the remaining amount appropriated to the Fund may be allocated by the Office to the agencies. Of the amount to be allocated, an agency's pro rata distribution may not exceed its pro rata share of Executive branch payroll.

(ii) If the Office does not allocate an agency's full pro rata share, the undistributed amount remaining from that share will become available for distribution to other agencies, as provided in subparagraph (C).

(C)(i) After the reduction for training under section 5408, ten percent of the remaining amount appropriated to the Fund, as well as the amount of the pro rata share not distributed because of an agency's failure to submit a satisfactory plan, shall be allocated among agencies with exceptionally high-quality plans.

(ii) An agency with an exceptionally high-quality plan is eligible to receive an additional distribution in addition to its full pro rata distribution.

(2) Each agency is required to provide to the Office such payroll information as the Office specifies necessary to determine the Executive branch payroll.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1642.)

A prior section 5403, added Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §501, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1182; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3209; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(4)(C)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(38), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351, related to general pay increases, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Office may authorize an agency to provide human capital performance payments to individual employees based on exceptional performance contributing to the achievement of the agency mission.

(2) The number of employees in an agency receiving payments from the Fund, in any year, shall not be more than the number equal to 15 percent of the agency's average total civilian full- and part-time permanent employment for the previous fiscal year.

(b)(1) A human capital performance payment provided to an individual employee from the Fund, in any year, shall not exceed 10 percent of the employee's rate of basic pay.

(2) The aggregate of an employee's rate of basic pay, adjusted by any locality-based comparability payments, and human capital performance pay, as defined by regulation, may not exceed the rate of basic pay for Executive Level IV in any year.

(3) Any human capital performance payment provided to an employee from the Fund is in addition to any annual pay adjustment (under section 5303 or any similar provision of law) and any locality-based comparability payment that may apply.

(c) No monies from the Human Capital Performance Fund may be used to pay for a new position, for other performance-related payments, or for recruitment or retention incentives paid under sections 5753 and 5754.

(d)(1) An agency may finance initial human capital performance payments using monies from the Human Capital Performance Fund, as available.

(2) In subsequent years, continuation of previously awarded human capital performance payments shall be financed from other agency funds available for salaries and expenses.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1643.)

Executive Level IV, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

A prior section 5404, added Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §501, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3210; Pub. L. 101–103, §3(a), Sept. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 670, related to merit increases, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

The Office shall issue such regulations as it determines to be necessary for the administration of this chapter, including the administration of the Fund. The Office's regulations shall include criteria governing—

(1) an agency plan under section 5406;

(2) the allocation of monies from the Fund to agencies;

(3) the nature, extent, duration, and adjustment of, and approval processes for, payments to individual employees under this chapter;

(4) the relationship to this chapter of agency performance management systems;

(5) training of supervisors, managers, and other individuals involved in the process of making performance distinctions; and

(6) the circumstances under which funds may be allocated by the Office to an agency in amounts below or in excess of the agency's pro rata share.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1643.)

A prior section 5405, added Pub. L. 95–454, title V, §501, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1183; amended Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3211; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(C)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, related to pay administration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

(a) To be eligible for consideration by the Office for an allocation under this section, an agency shall—

(1) develop a plan that incorporates the following elements:

(A) adherence to merit principles set forth in section 2301;

(B) a fair, credible, and transparent employee performance appraisal system;

(C) a link between the pay-for-performance system, the employee performance appraisal system, and the agency's strategic plan;

(D) a means for ensuring employee involvement in the design and implementation of the system;

(E) adequate training and retraining for supervisors, managers, and employees in the implementation and operation of the pay-for-performance system;

(F) a process for ensuring ongoing performance feedback and dialogue between supervisors, managers, and employees throughout the appraisal period, and setting timetables for review;

(G) effective safeguards to ensure that the management of the system is fair and equitable and based on employee performance; and

(H) a means for ensuring that adequate agency resources are allocated for the design, implementation, and administration of the pay-for-performance system;

(2) upon approval, receive an allocation of funding from the Office;

(3) make payments to individual employees in accordance with the agency's approved plan; and

(4) provide such information to the Office regarding payments made and use of funds received under this section as the Office may specify.

(b) The Office, in consultation with the Chief Human Capital Officers Council, shall review and approve an agency's plan before the agency is eligible to receive an allocation of funding from the Office.

(c) The Chief Human Capital Officers Council shall include in its annual report to Congress under section 1303(d) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 an evaluation of the formulation and implementation of agency performance management systems.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1644.)

Section 1303(d) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 1303(d) of Pub. L. 107–296, which is set out as a note under section 1401 of this title.

A prior section 5406, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3211; amended Pub. L. 101–103, §4, Sept. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 102–22, §2(b), Mar. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 71, related to performance awards, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

Any payment to an employee under this section shall be part of the employee's basic pay for the purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83, and chapters 84 and 87, and for such other purposes (other than chapter 75) as the Office shall determine by regulation.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1645.)

A prior section 5407, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3213, related to cash award program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, eff. Nov. 1, 1993.

There is authorized to be appropriated $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2004, and, for each subsequent fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. In the first year of implementation, up to 10 percent of the amount appropriated to the Fund shall be available to participating agencies to train supervisors, managers, and other individuals involved in the appraisal process on using performance management systems to make meaningful distinctions in employee performance and on the use of the Fund.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1129(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1645.)

Prior sections 5408 to 5410 were repealed by Pub. L. 103–89, §3(a)(1), (c), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, 983, effective Nov. 1, 1993.

Section 5408, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3214, required annual reports by Office of Personnel Management.

Section 5409, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3214, directed Office of Personnel Management to prescribe regulations.

Section 5410, added Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §201(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3214; amended Pub. L. 101–103, §2, Sept. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 102–22, §2(c), Mar. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 71; Pub. L. 103–89, §2, Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 981, related to termination of chapter and accompanying regulations.











**2016**—Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1134(c)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2459, substituted "Advance payments for new appointees and employees relocating within the United States and its territories" for "Advance payments for new appointees" in item 5524a.

**2014**—Pub. L. 113–277, §2(g)(3), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3005, added item 5550.

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §751(b), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 695, added item 5538.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §203(b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2313, added item 5550b.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §651(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 664, struck out item 5532 "Employment of retired members of the uniformed services; reduction in retired or retainer pay."

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521, added item 5545b.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(b)(3), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2427, added item 5545a.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–94, §9(b)(1), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1010, which directed amendment of table of chapters for chapter 55 of this title by adding item 5520a, was executed by adding item 5520a to table of sections for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4436(a)(2), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724, added item 5597.

Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(B), (45)(B), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352, 1353, struck out item 5550 "Pay for Sunday and overtime work; employees of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities" and added item 5553.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §107(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1449, added item 5524a.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §803(b), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 883, added items 5569 and 5570.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–224, §1(b), Dec. 28, 1985, 99 Stat. 1741, substituted "and of travel, transportation and relocation expenses and allowances" for "other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses" in item 5584.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(c)(6)(B), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2636, inserted "and the Department of Defense" in item 5546a.

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–276, §151(c)(2), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1201, added item 5546a.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §308(f)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1151, substituted "members of the uniformed services; reduction in retired or retainer pay" for "officers of the uniformed services; reduction in retired or retirement pay; exceptions" in item 5532.

Pub. L. 95–390, title IV, §401(b), Sept. 29, 1978, 92 Stat. 762, added item 5550a.

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–30, title IV, §408(b), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 157, substituted "city or county" for "city" in item 5520.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183, §2(24), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058, struck out "Sunday," after "Night," in item 5545.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–340, §1(b), July 10, 1974, 88 Stat. 294, added item 5520.

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–453, §3(2), Oct. 2, 1972, 86 Stat. 760, substituted "overpayment of pay and allowances, other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses" for "overpayment of pay" in item 5584.

Pub. L. 92–392, §10(b), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 574, added item 5550.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563, §§2(b), 3(b), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1477, substituted "jury or witness service" for "jury service in State courts" in item 5515, and "jury and witness service" for "jury service in courts of the United States" in item 5537.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–616, §1(b), Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1212, added item 5584.

Pub. L. 90–588, §2(c), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1152, added item 5519.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(23), (26)(B), (28), (30), (35), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 200, 201, 203, inserted items 5534a, 5595 and 5596, included Sunday rates in item 5544, Sunday and hazardous duty differential in item 5545 and Sundays in item 5546, substituted "Severance Pay and Back Pay" for "Back Pay" in heading of subchapter IX, and struck out items 5591 to 5594.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §749, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 693, provided that: "Effective January 20, 2009, and for each fiscal year thereafter, no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act may be used for the payment of services to any individual carrying out the responsibilities of any position requiring Senate advice and consent in an acting or temporary capacity after the second submission of a nomination for that individual to that position has been withdrawn or returned to the President."

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §709, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2021, provided that: "Hereafter, no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act shall be paid to any person for the filling of any position for which he or she has been nominated after the Senate has voted not to approve the nomination of said person."

1 Section catchline amended by Pub. L. 97–365 without corresponding amendment of chapter analysis.

Money accruing from lapsed salaries or from unused appropriations for salaries shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States. An individual who violates this section shall be removed from the service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 475.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 50 (1st sentence; and 2d sentence, so much as relates to removal). | Aug. 5, 1882, ch. 389, §4 (297th through 316th words), 22 Stat. 255. Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, §5 (so much as relates to removal), 37 Stat. 414. |


In the last sentence, the word "removed" is substituted for "summarily removed" because of the provisions of the Lloyd-LaFollette Act 37 Stat. 555, as amended, and the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which are carried into this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Payment for services may not be made from the Treasury of the United States to an individual acting or assuming to act as an officer in the civil service or uniformed services in an office which is not authorized by existing law, unless the office is later sanctioned by law.

(b) Except as otherwise provided by statute, public money and appropriations may not be used for pay or allowance for an individual employed by an official of the United States retired from active service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 475.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 52. | R.S. §1760. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 85. | July 1, 1898, ch. 546, §1 (3d proviso on p. 644), 30 Stat. 644. |


In subsection (a), the words "in the civil service or uniformed services" are substituted for "civil, military, or naval".

In subsection (b), the words "Except as otherwise provided by statute" are added in recognition of the Act of Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–745, 72 Stat. 838, which authorizes an office staff for former Presidents. The reference to "public money and appropriations" is added for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Payment for services may not be made from the Treasury of the United States to an individual appointed during a recess of the Senate to fill a vacancy in an existing office, if the vacancy existed while the Senate was in session and was by law required to be filled by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, until the appointee has been confirmed by the Senate. This subsection does not apply—

(1) if the vacancy arose within 30 days before the end of the session of the Senate;

(2) if, at the end of the session, a nomination for the office, other than the nomination of an individual appointed during the preceding recess of the Senate, was pending before the Senate for its advice and consent; or

(3) if a nomination for the office was rejected by the Senate within 30 days before the end of the session and an individual other than the one whose nomination was rejected thereafter receives a recess appointment.

(b) A nomination to fill a vacancy referred to by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (a) of this section shall be submitted to the Senate not later than 40 days after the beginning of the next session of the Senate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 475.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 56. | R.S. §1761. July 11, 1940, ch. 580, 54 Stat. 751. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The pay period for an employee covers two administrative workweeks.

(b) When, in the case of an employee, it is necessary for computation of pay under this subsection to convert an annual rate of basic pay to a basic hourly, daily, weekly, or biweekly rate, the following rules govern:

(1) To derive an hourly rate, divide the annual rate by 2,087.

(2) To derive a daily rate, multiply the hourly rate by the number of daily hours of service required.

(3) To derive a weekly or biweekly rate, multiply the hourly rate by 40 or 80, as the case may be.

Rates are computed to the nearest cent, counting one-half and over as a whole cent.

(c) For the purposes of this section:

(1) The term "employee" means—

(A) an employee in or under an Executive agency;

(B) an employee in or under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the Botanic Garden, and the Library of Congress, for whom a basic administrative workweek is established under section 6101(a)(5) of this title; and

(C) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia.

(2) The term "employee" does not include—

(A) an employee on the Isthmus of Panama in the service of the Panama Canal Commission; or

(B) an employee or individual excluded from the definition of employee in section 5541(2) of this title other than an employee or individual excluded by clauses (ii), (iii), and (xiv) through (xvii) of such section.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), an individual who otherwise would be excluded from the definition of employee shall be deemed to be an employee for purposes of this section if the individual's employing agency so elects, under guidelines in regulations promulgated by the Office of Personnel Management under subsection (d)(2).

(d)(1) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, subject to the approval of the President, necessary for the administration of this section insofar as this section affects employees in or under an Executive agency.

(2) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide guidelines by regulation for exemptions to be made by the heads of agencies under subsection (c)(3). Such guidelines shall provide for such exemptions only under exceptional circumstances.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 475; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(21), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §408(a)(1), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173, 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(29), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(2), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15203(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1124, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1637.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 944(b), (d) (last 27 words, as applicable to subsection (b)). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §604(b), (e) (last 27 words, as applicable to subsection (b)), 59 Stat. 303, 304. July 31, 1959, Pub. L. 86–122, §1, 73 Stat. 268. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 944(c), (d) (last 27 words, less applicability to subsection (b)). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §604(d), (e) (last 27 words, less applicability to subsection (b)), 59 Stat. 303, 304. |

Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1203, 63 Stat. 973. June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §15, 72 Stat. 214. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §103(c), 78 Stat. 402. |


In subsection (a), the words "Beginning not later than October 1, 1945" are omitted as executed. Paragraphs (1) and (3) are substituted for the words "all officers and employees of the organizations referred to in subsection (a) of this section". In paragraph (A), the words "Canal Zone Government" and "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "The Panama Canal" and "Panama Railroad Company" on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a), 64 Stat. 1038. Paragraph (B) is added on authority of former section 902, which is carried into section 5541.

In subsection (b), the exception in the last sentence is added on authority of former section 902, which is carried into section 5541.

Subsection (c) is added on authority of former section 945, which is carried into section 5548. The words "an Executive agency" are substituted for "the executive branch of the Government" to conform to the definition in section 105. Applicability of this section to employees of the General Accounting Office is based on former section 933a.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 5504 to reflect the amendment to 5 U.S.C. 6101 by section 1(43) of this bill.

**2003**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 108–136, §1124(a)(2), struck out last sentence which defined "employee".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–136, §1124(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–136, §1124(a)(1), (b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d), inserted "(1)" after "(d)", and added par. (2).

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–272 struck out first sentence which provided that for pay computation purposes affecting an employee, the annual rate of basic pay established by or under statute is deemed payment for employment during 52 basic administrative workweeks of 40 hours, inserted ", in the case of an employee," after "When" in second sentence, substituted "2,087" for "2,080" in par. (1), and inserted "other than an employee or individual excluded by section 5541(2)(xvi) of this title" at end of last sentence.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(A). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company".

Subsec. (a)(B). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "(xvi) of this title" for "(xvi) of this section".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §408(a)(1), in par. (B) inserted reference to an employee or individual excluded by section 5541(2)(xvi).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15203(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 334, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to pay periods commencing on or after March 1, 1986."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by section 408(a)(1) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §310(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 799, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(l), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649; Pub. L. 98–117, §1, Oct. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 802, provided that:

"(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, effective with respect to pay periods beginning in fiscal years 1984 and 1985, and applicable in the case of an employee as defined in section 5504(b) of title 5, United States Code [subsection (b) of this section], any hourly rate derived under section 5504(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, shall be derived by dividing the annual rate of basic pay by 2,087.

"(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply in determining basic pay for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code.

"(3) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subsection insofar as this subsection affects employees in or under an Executive agency.

"(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, paragraph (1) shall not be effective with respect to pay periods beginning before the effective date of any increase under section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, in the rates of pay under the General Schedule and the rates of pay under the other statutory pay systems for fiscal year 1984."

[Pub. L. 98–117, §2, Oct. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 802, provided that: "The amendment made by this Act [enacting par. (4) of this note] shall be effective as of October 1, 1983."]

Functions vested in Office of Personnel Management under this section insofar as it affects officers and employees in or under executive branch of government to be performed without approval of President, see section 1(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

The pay period for an individual in the service of the United States whose pay is monthly or annual covers one calendar month, and the following rules for division of time and computation of pay for services performed govern:

(1) A month's pay is one-twelfth of a year's pay.

(2) A day's pay is one-thirtieth of a month's pay.

(3) The 31st day of a calendar month is ignored in computing pay, except that one day's pay is forfeited for one day's unauthorized absence on the 31st day of a calendar month.

(4) For each day of the month elapsing before entering the service, one day's pay is deducted from the first month's pay of the individual.

This section does not apply to an employee whose pay is computed under section 5504(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 476.)

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5 U.S.C. 84. | June 30, 1906, ch. 3914, §6, 34 Stat. 763. June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §604(c) (2d sentence), 59 Stat. 303. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

When an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia is entitled to extra pay for services performed between or after certain named hours of the day or night, the extra pay is computed on the basis of either standard or daylight saving time, depending on the time observed by law, custom, or practice where the services are performed.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 476.)

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5 U.S.C. 914. | Sept. 7, 1949, ch. 538, §2, 63 Stat. 690. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An officer required by section 3332 of this title to file an affidavit may not be paid until the affidavit has been filed.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477.)

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5 U.S.C. 21b. | Dec. 11, 1926, ch. 4, §2, 44 Stat. 919. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An officer in the executive branch and an officer of the government of the District of Columbia to whom subchapter I of chapter 63 of this title applies are not entitled to the pay of their offices solely because of their status as officers.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477.)

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5 U.S.C. 2061(c)(1) (last sentence). | July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §1 "(c)(1) (last sentence)", 67 Stat. 136. |


The words "including an officer of a corporation wholly owned or controlled by the United States" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "officer" in section 2104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

There are authorized to be appropriated sums necessary to carry out the provisions of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477.)

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[Uncodified]. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §609, 59 Stat. 306. | |

[Uncodified]. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1107, 63 Stat. 972. | |

[Uncodified]. | Sept. 30, 1950, ch. 1123, §13, 64 Stat. 1100. | |

42 U.S.C. 1370. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1510", 68 Stat. 1135. | |

[Uncodified]. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §501(a), 74 Stat. 800. |


The remainder of the authority for this section is implied from the statutes from which this title is derived.

Pub. L. 101–12, §8(a), (b), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 34, as amended by Pub. L. 103–424, §1, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4361; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §§641(a), 642(a)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–365; Pub. L. 107–304, §2(a), (b), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2364; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(n)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) for each of fiscal years 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 such sums as necessary to carry out subchapter I of chapter 12 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this Act); and

"(2) for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2023 such sums as necessary to carry out subchapter II of chapter 12 of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this Act).

"(b)

[Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(n)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 8(a) of Pub. L. 101–12, set out above] shall take effect as though enacted on September 30, 2017."]

[Pub. L. 107–304, §2(c), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2364, provided that: "This section [amending section 8(a) of Pub. L. 101–12, set out above] shall be effective as of October 1, 2002."]

[Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §§641(b), 642(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–365, provided that the amendments made by section 101(f) [title VI, §§641(a), 642(a)] of Pub. L. 104–208 [amending section 8(a) of Pub. L. 101–12, set out above] were to be effective on Oct. 1, 1998.]

Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §903, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, provided that: "There are authorized to be appropriated, out of any moneys in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such sums as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act [For classification of Pub. L. 95–454, see Tables]."

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, the earned pay of an employee removed for cause may not be withheld or confiscated.

(b) If an employee indebted to the United States is removed for cause, the pay accruing to the employee shall be applied in whole or in part to the satisfaction of any claim or indebtedness due the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477.)

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5 U.S.C. 46a. | Feb. 24, 1931, ch. 287, 46 Stat. 1415. |


In subsection (a), the words "From and after February 24, 1931" are omitted as executed. The word "employee" is coextensive with and substituted for "civil employee of the United States" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The pay of an individual in arrears to the United States shall be withheld until he has accounted for and paid into the Treasury of the United States all sums for which he is liable.

(b) When pay is withheld under subsection (a) of this section, the employing agency, on request of the individual, his agent, or his attorney, shall report immediately to the Attorney General the balance due; and the Attorney General, within 60 days, shall order suit to be commenced against the individual.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 92–310, title II, §202, June 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 202; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3828.)

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5 U.S.C. 82. | R.S. §1766. |


In subsection (b), reference to the "General Accounting Office" is substituted for "accounting officers of the Treasury" on authority of the Act of June 10, 1921, ch. 18, title III, 42 Stat. 23. The words "on request of" are substituted for "if required to do so by" as more accurately reflecting the intent. Reference to the "Attorney General" is substituted for "Solicitor of the Treasury" and "Solicitor" on authority of section 16 of the Act of March 3, 1933, ch. 212, 47 Stat. 1517; section 5 of E.O. 6166, June 10, 1933; and section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 2, 64 Stat. 1261.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "employing agency" for "General Accounting Office".

**1972**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–310 struck out "and his sureties" after "against the individual".

When the Government Accountability Office, on a statement of the account of a disbursing or certifying official of the United States, disallows credit or raises a charge for a payment to an individual in or under an Executive agency otherwise entitled to pay, the pay of the payee shall be withheld in whole or in part until full reimbursement is made under regulations prescribed by the head of the Executive agency from which the payee is entitled to receive pay. This section does not repeal or modify existing statutes relating to the collection of the indebtedness of an accountable, certifying, or disbursing official.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

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5 U.S.C. 46b. | May 26, 1936, ch. 452, 49 Stat. 1374. Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 515, 64 Stat. 393. |


The words "On and after May 26, 1936" are omitted as executed. The word "official" is substituted for "officer" and "officers" as the definition of "officer" in section 2104 excludes a member of a uniformed service. The words "from the United States or from an agency or instrumentality thereof" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

(a)(1) When the head of an agency or his designee determines that an employee, member of the Armed Forces or Reserve of the Armed Forces, is indebted to the United States for debts to which the United States is entitled to be repaid at the time of the determination by the head of an agency or his designee, or is notified of such a debt by the head of another agency or his designee the amount of indebtedness may be collected in monthly installments, or at officially established pay intervals, by deduction from the current pay account of the individual. The deductions may be made from basic pay, special pay, incentive pay, retired pay, retainer pay, or, in the case of an individual not entitled to basic pay, other authorized pay. The amount deducted for any period may not exceed 15 percent of disposable pay, except that a greater percentage may be deducted upon the written consent of the individual involved. If the individual retires or resigns, or if his employment or period of active duty otherwise ends, before collection of the amount of the indebtedness is completed, deduction shall be made from subsequent payments of any nature due the individual from the agency concerned. All Federal agencies to which debts are owed and which have outstanding delinquent debts shall participate in a computer match at least annually of their delinquent debt records with records of Federal employees to identify those employees who are delinquent in repayment of those debts. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any debt under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Matched Federal employee records shall include, but shall not be limited to, records of active Civil Service employees government-wide, military active duty personnel, military reservists, United States Postal Service employees, employees of other government corporations, and seasonal and temporary employees. The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish and maintain an interagency consortium to implement centralized salary offset computer matching, and promulgate regulations for this program. Agencies that perform centralized salary offset computer matching services under this subsection are authorized to charge a fee sufficient to cover the full cost for such services.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, prior to initiating any proceedings under paragraph (1) of this subsection to collect any indebtedness of an individual, the head of the agency holding the debt or his designee, shall provide the individual with—

(A) a minimum of thirty days written notice, informing such individual of the nature and amount of the indebtedness determined by such agency to be due, the intention of the agency to initiate proceedings to collect the debt through deductions from pay, and an explanation of the rights of the individual under this subsection;

(B) an opportunity to inspect and copy Government records relating to the debt;

(C) an opportunity to enter into a written agreement with the agency, under terms agreeable to the head of the agency or his designee, to establish a schedule for the repayment of the debt; and

(D) an opportunity for a hearing on the determination of the agency concerning the existence or the amount of the debt, and in the case of an individual whose repayment schedule is established other than by a written agreement pursuant to subparagraph (C), concerning the terms of the repayment schedule.

A hearing, described in subparagraph (D), shall be provided if the individual, on or before the fifteenth day following receipt of the notice described in subparagraph (A), and in accordance with such procedures as the head of the agency may prescribe, files a petition requesting such a hearing. The timely filing of a petition for hearing shall stay the commencement of collection proceedings. A hearing under subparagraph (D) may not be conducted by an individual under the supervision or control of the head of the agency, except that nothing in this sentence shall be construed to prohibit the appointment of an administrative law judge. The hearing official shall issue a final decision at the earliest practicable date, but not later than sixty days after the filing of the petition requesting the hearing.

(3) Paragraph (2) shall not apply to routine intra-agency adjustments of pay that are attributable to clerical or administrative errors or delays in processing pay documents that have occurred within the four pay periods preceding the adjustment and to any adjustment that amounts to $50 or less, if at the time of such adjustment, or as soon thereafter as practical, the individual is provided written notice of the nature and the amount of the adjustment and a point of contact for contesting such adjustment.

(4) The collection of any amount under this section shall be in accordance with the standards promulgated pursuant to sections 3711 and 3716–3718 of title 31 or in accordance with any other statutory authority for the collection of claims of the United States or any agency thereof.

(5) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) "disposable pay" means that part of pay of any individual remaining after the deduction from those earnings of any amounts required by law to be withheld; and

(B) "agency" includes executive departments and agencies, the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, any nonappropriated fund instrumentality described in section 2105(c) of this title, the United States Senate, the United States House of Representatives, and any court, court administrative office, or instrumentality in the judicial or legislative branches of the Government, and government corporations.

(b)(1) The head of each agency shall prescribe regulations, subject to the approval of the President, to carry out this section and section 3530(d) of title 31. Regulations prescribed by the Secretaries of the military departments shall be uniform for the military services insofar as practicable.

(2) For purposes of section 7117(a) of this title, no regulation prescribed to carry out subsection (a)(2) of this section shall be considered to be a Government-wide rule or regulation.

(c) Subsection (a) of this section does not modify existing statutes which provide for forfeiture of pay or allowances. This section and section 3530(d) of title 31 do not repeal, modify, or amend section 7837(d) or 9837(d) of title 10 or section 1007(b), (c) of title 37.

(d) A levy pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall take precedence over other deductions under this section.

(e) An employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described in section 2105(c) of this title is deemed an employee covered by this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(12), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 97–365, §5, Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 97–452, §2(a)(2), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(a)(4), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 104–134, title III, §31001(h), Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–363; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title VI, §652, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 162; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(c)(3), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1841.)

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5 U.S.C. 46d. | July 15, 1954, ch. 509, §§1, 2, 4, 68 Stat. 482, 483. | |

5 U.S.C. 46e. |


In subsection (a), the words "head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "Secretary of the department concerned or the head of the agency or independent establishment concerned, or one of their designees". The words "an employee, a member of the armed forces, or a Reserve of the armed forces" are coextensive with and substituted for "an employee of the United States or any member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard, or a reserve component thereof" in view of the definitions in sections 2101 and 2105. The words "basic compensation" are omitted as included in "basic pay".

In subsection (b), the words "head of each agency" are substituted for "Each Secretary of a department, or head of an agency or independent establishment, as appropriate". The words "Secretaries of the military departments" are substituted for "Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force" to conform to the definition of "military department" in section 102.

In subsection (c), the words "section 4837(d) or 9837(d) of title 10 or section 1007(b), (c) of title 37" are substituted for "the provisions of the Act of May 22, 1928 (ch. 676, 45 Stat. 698)" in section 4 of the Act of July 15, 1954, on authority of the Acts of Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §49(b), 70A Stat. 640, and Sept. 7, 1962, Pub. L. 87–649, §12(b), 76 Stat. 497.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (d), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Sections 4837(d) and 9837(d) of title 10, referred to in subsec. (c), probably refer to the subsecs. (d) of those sections as originally enacted by act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 274, 594. Sections 4837 and 9837 were subsequently amended, and provisions similar to those in the original subsecs. (d) of those sections are now contained in respective subsecs. (a).

**2018**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "section 7837(d) or 9837(d) of title 10" for "section 4837(d) or 9837(d) of title 10".

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(5)(B). Pub. L. 110–181, §652(1), inserted "any nonappropriated fund instrumentality described in section 2105(c) of this title," after "Commission,".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–181, §652(2), added subsec. (e).

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(5)(B). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(h)(A)(i), inserted at end "All Federal agencies to which debts are owed and which have outstanding delinquent debts shall participate in a computer match at least annually of their delinquent debt records with records of Federal employees to identify those employees who are delinquent in repayment of those debts. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any debt under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Matched Federal employee records shall include, but shall not be limited to, records of active Civil Service employees government-wide, military active duty personnel, military reservists, United States Postal Service employees, employees of other government corporations, and seasonal and temporary employees. The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish and maintain an interagency consortium to implement centralized salary offset computer matching, and promulgate regulations for this program. Agencies that perform centralized salary offset computer matching services under this subsection are authorized to charge a fee sufficient to cover the full cost for such services."

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(h)(A)(ii), (iii), added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(h)((A)(ii), redesignated par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (a)(5)(B). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(h)(A)(iv), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: " 'agency' includes the United States Postal Service and the Postal Rate Commission."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–134, §31001(h)(B), added subsec. (d).

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted "section 3530(d)" for "section 581d".

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–452 substituted "sections 3711 and 3716–3718 of title 31" for "the Federal Claims Collection Act of 1966 (31 U.S.C. 951 et seq.)".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–365, §5(c), substituted "indebtedness to the United States" for "indebtedness because of erroneous payment" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–365, §5(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), in par. (1) as so designated substituted provisions relating to debts to which the United States is entitled to be repaid for provisions which had related to an indebtedness to the United States because of an erroneous payment made by an agency to or on behalf of an individual, inserted provisions relating to the notification of a debt by the head of another agency or his designee, substituted provisions authorizing the deduction of not to exceed 15 percent of disposable pay for provisions which had authorized the deduction of not to exceed two-thirds of the pay from which the deduction was made, and added pars. (2), (3), and (4).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–365, §5(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3530(d)" for "section 581d".

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–365, §1, Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1749, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 954 and 955 of former Title 31, Money and Finance, amending this section and section 552a of this title, section 1114 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 6103 and 7213 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 2415 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and sections 484, 951, and 952 of former Title 31, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 6103 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Debt Collection Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 97–365, §8(e), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1754, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided in section 4 or 7 or the foregoing provisions of this section [amending sections 6103 and 7213 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6103 of Title 26], nothing in this Act (or in the amendments made by this Act) [see Short Title of 1982 Amendment note above] shall apply to claims or indebtedness arising under, or amounts payable under, the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [Title 26], the Social Security Act [section 301 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], or the tariff laws of the United States [Title 19, Customs Duties]."

Pub. L. 97–276, §124, Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1195, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this joint resolution [Pub. L. 97–276], in the case of any employee of the Federal Government who is indebted to the United States, as determined by a court of the United States in an action or suit brought against such employee by the United States, the amount of the indebtedness may be collected in monthly installments, or at officially established regular pay period intervals, by deduction in reasonable amounts from the current pay account of the individual. The deductions may be made only from basic pay, special pay, incentive pay, or, in the case of an individual not entitled to basic pay, other authorized pay. Collection shall be made over a period not greater than the anticipated period of employment. The amount deducted for any period may not exceed one-fourth of the pay from which the deduction is made, unless the deduction of a greater amount is necessary to make the collection within the period of anticipated employment. If the individual retires or resigns, or if his employment otherwise ends, before collection of the amount of the indebtedness is completed, deduction shall be made from later payments of any nature due to the individual from the United States Treasury."

Authority of President under subsec. (b) of this section to approve regulations prescribed by head of each agency to carry out this section and section 581d of Title 31, Money and Finance [31 U.S.C. 3530(d)], relating to installment deductions from pay for indebtedness because of erroneous payment, delegated to Office of Personnel Management, see section 8(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

An amount received by an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police) or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia for service as a juror or witness during a period for which he is entitled to leave under section 6322(a) of this title, or is performing official duty under section 6322(b) of this title, shall be credited against pay payable to him by the United States or the District of Columbia with respect to that period.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 91–563, §2(a), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(5), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 111–145, §7(c)(1), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 55.)

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5 U.S.C. 30p. | June 29, 1940, ch. 446, §3, 54 Stat. 689. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–145 substituted ", the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police" for "or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives".

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563 substituted "jury or witness service" for "jury service in State courts" in section catchline.

Pub. L. 91–563 authorized crediting of amounts received for jury service in courts in the District of Columbia and in territories or possessions of the United States, included amounts received for service as a witness or when performing official duty under section 6322(b) of this title, and excepted individuals whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–145 effective as though enacted as part of section 1018 of Pub. L. 108–7, see section 7(d) of Pub. L. 111–145, set out as a note under section 2107 of this title.

(a) The Secretary of the Treasury, under regulations prescribed by the President, shall enter into an agreement with the Mayor of the District of Columbia within 120 days of a request for agreement from the Mayor. The agreement shall provide that the head of each agency of the United States shall comply with the requirements of subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 47, District of Columbia Code, in the case of employees of the agency who are subject to income taxes imposed by that subchapter and whose regular place of employment is within the District of Columbia. The agreement may not apply to pay of an employee who is not a resident of the District of Columbia as defined in subchapter II of chapter 15 of title 47, District of Columbia Code. In the case of pay for service as a member of the armed forces, the second sentence of this subsection shall be applied by substituting "who are residents of the District of Columbia" for "whose regular place of employment is within the District of Columbia". For the purpose of this subsection, "employee" has the meaning given it by section 1551c(z) of title 47, District of Columbia Code.

(b) This section does not give the consent of the United States to the application of a statute which imposes more burdensome requirements on the United States than on other employers, or which subjects the United States or its employees to a penalty or liability because of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(9), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1207(a)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1705; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(30), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383.)

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[Uncodified]. | Mar. 31, 1956, ch. 154, §11 "(k)", 70 Stat. 77. |


Section 2(c) "(z)" of the Act of Mar. 31, 1956, 70 Stat. 68 (section 1551c(z) of title 47, District of Columbia Code) contains a definition of "employee" that is applicable to this section. Accordingly, the last sentence of subsection (a) is added to preserve the application of the source law.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner" wherever appearing.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–455 struck out "pay for service as a member of the armed forces, or to" after "The agreement may not apply to" and inserted provision that in the case of service as a member of the armed forces, the second sentence shall be applied by substituting "who are residents of the District of Columbia" for "whose regular place of employment is within the District of Columbia".

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Commissioners" in two places.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1207(f)(1), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1708, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and section 5517 of this title] shall apply to wages withheld after the 120-day period following any request for an agreement after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1976]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

(a) When a State statute—

(1) provides for the collection of a tax either by imposing on employers generally the duty of withholding sums from the pay of employees and making returns of the sums to the State, or by granting to employers generally the authority to withhold sums from the pay of employees if any employee voluntarily elects to have such sums withheld; and

(2) imposes the duty or grants the authority to withhold generally with respect to the pay of employees who are residents of the State;

the Secretary of the Treasury, under regulations prescribed by the President, shall enter into an agreement with the State within 120 days of a request for agreement from the proper State official. The agreement shall provide that the head of each agency of the United States shall comply with the requirements of the State withholding statute in the case of employees of the agency who are subject to the tax and whose regular place of Federal employment is within the State with which the agreement is made. In the case of pay for service as a member of the armed forces, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting "who are residents of the State with which the agreement is made" for "whose regular place of Federal employment is within the State with which the agreement is made".

(b) This section does not give the consent of the United States to the application of a statute which imposes more burdensome requirements on the United States than on other employers, or which subjects the United States or its employees to a penalty or liability because of this section. An agency of the United States may not accept pay from a State for services performed in withholding State income taxes from the pay of the employees of the agency.

(c) For the purpose of this section, "State" means a State, territory, possession, or commonwealth of the United States.

(d) For the purpose of this section and sections 5516 and 5520, the terms "serve as a member of the armed forces" and "service as a member of the Armed Forces" include—

(1) participation in exercises or the performance of duty under section 502 of title 32, United States Code, by a member of the National Guard; and

(2) participation in scheduled drills or training periods, or service on active duty for training, under section 10147 of title 10, United States Code, by a member of the Ready Reserve.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1207(a)(1), (b), (c), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1704, 1705; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, §505(1), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1086; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019; Pub. L. 105–34, title XIV, §1462(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 1057.)

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5 U.S.C. 84b. | July 17, 1952, ch. 940, §1, 66 Stat. 765. | |

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–371 "Sec. 1", 73 Stat. 653. | ||

5 U.S.C. 84c. | July 17, 1952, ch. 940, §2, 66 Stat. 766. | |

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–371 "Sec. 2", 73 Stat. 653. |


In subsection (b), the words "after March 31, 1959" are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1997**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted ", territory, possession, or commonwealth" for "or territory or possession".

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "section 10147" for "section 270(a)".

**1987**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–180 struck out "do not" before "include".

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–455, §1207(a)(1), (c), inserted in par. (1) provision relating to the grant to employers of the authority to withhold sums from the pay of employees if any employee voluntarily elects to have such sums withheld, inserted in par. (2) "or grants the authority" after "imposes the duty", and substituted in text following par. (2) provisions that in the case of pay for service as a member of the armed forces, the preceding sentence shall be applied by substituting "who are residents of the State with which the agreement is made" for "whose regular place of Federal employment is within the State with which the agreement is made" for provision that the agreement may not apply to pay for service as a member of the armed forces.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–455, §1207(b), added subsec. (d).

Section 1462(b) of Pub. L. 105–34 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1998."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by section 1207(a)(1) of Pub. L. 94–455 applicable to wages withheld after the 120-day period following any request for an agreement after Oct. 4, 1976, see section 1207(f)(1) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 5516 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–455, title XII, §1207(f)(2), Oct. 4, 1976, 90 Stat. 1708, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) [amending this section] shall apply to wages withheld after the 120-day period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 4, 1976]."

Ex. Ord. No. 10407, Nov. 7, 1952, 17 F.R. 10132, which related to regulations governing agreements concerning withholding of state or territorial income taxes, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11968, Jan. 31, 1977, 42 F.R. 6787, formerly set out as a note under section 5520 of this title.

When—

(1) a State statute provides for the payment of employee contributions to a State employee retirement system or to a State sponsored plan providing retirement, disability, or death benefits, by withholding sums from the pay of State employees and making returns of the sums withheld to State authorities or to the person or organization designated by State authorities to receive sums withheld for the program; and

(2) individuals employed by the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard, except employees of the National Guard Bureau, are eligible for membership in a State employee retirement system or other State sponsored plan;

the Secretary of Defense, under regulations prescribed by the President, shall enter into an agreement with the State within 120 days of a request for agreement from the proper State official. The agreement shall provide that the Department of Defense shall comply with the requirements of State statute as to the individuals named by paragraph (2) of this section who are eligible for membership in the State employee retirement system. The disbursing officials paying these individuals shall withhold and pay to the State employee retirement system or to the person or organization designated by State authorities to receive sums withheld for the program the employee contributions for these individuals. For the purpose of this section, "State" means a State or territory or possession of the United States including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 479.)

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5 U.S.C. 84d. | June 15, 1956, ch. 390, 70 Stat. 283. Sept. 13, 1961, Pub. L. 87–224, §1, 75 Stat. 496. |


The words "individuals employed by" and the word "individuals" are substituted for "civilian employees of" and "employees", respectively, in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105 which is limited to those employed by the Government of the United States. The word "civilian" is omitted as unnecessary as military personnel are not "employed". The words "disbursing officials" are substituted for "disbursing officers" as the definition of "officer" in section 2104 excludes a member of a uniformed service.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Ex. Ord. No. 10996, Feb. 16, 1962, 27 F.R. 1521, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of June 15, 1956, as amended, 75 Stat. 496 (5 U.S.C. 84d) [now this section], and by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

(a) "Employees" means civilian employees of the Army National Guard or Air National Guard of a State who are employed pursuant to section 709 of title 32 of the United States Code, and paid from Federal, appropriated funds.

(b) "State" means one of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and any territory of the United States.

*Provided*, that—

(a) the law of such State provides for the payment of employee contributions to such State or State-sponsored employee retirement, disability, or death benefits systems by withholding sums from the compensation of such State employees and making returns of such sums to officials of such State or organization designated by such officials to receive sums withheld for such programs;

(b) civilian employees of the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard, other than those employed by the National Guard Bureau, are eligible for membership in a State retirement, disability, or death benefits system; and

(c) each such agreement is consistent with the provisions of the said act of June 15, 1956, as amended, and of rules and regulations issued thereunder, and contains a clause that it shall be subject to any amendments of the said act, including amendments occurring after the effective date of such agreement.

(a) Provide that the Secretary of the Army with respect to civilian employees of the Army National Guard, and the Secretary of the Air Force with respect to civilian employees of the Air National Guard, shall comply with the requirements of such State law in the case of employee subject to the said act of June 15, 1956, as amended, who are eligible for membership in such retirement, disability, or death benefits system for State employees;

(b) Specify when the withholding of sums from the compensation of such State employees shall commence; and

(c) Provide for procedures for the withholding, the filing of the returns, and the payment of the sums withheld from compensation to the officials of the State, or organization designated by such officials to receive sums withheld for such programs, which procedures shall conform, so far as practicable, to the usual fiscal practices of the Department of the Army and the Department of the Air Force, respectively.

John F. Kennedy.

An amount (other than a travel, transportation, or per diem allowance) received by an employee or individual for military service as a member of the Reserve or National Guard for a period for which he is granted military leave under section 6323(b) shall be credited against the pay payable to the employee or individual with respect to his civilian position for that period.

(Added Pub. L. 90–588, §2(b), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1152; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(39), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §516(b), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 309; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1109(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1951.)

**2021**—Pub. L. 117–81 struck out "or (c)" after "section 6323(b)".

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "granted military leave" for "entitled to leave".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "6323(b) or (c)" for "6323(c) or (d) of this title".

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1109(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1951, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any amounts credited, by operation of such section 5519, against the pay of an employee or individual described under section 6323(c) of such title on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 27, 2021]."

(a) When a city or county ordinance—

(1) provides for the collection of a tax by imposing on employers generally the duty of withholding sums from the pay of employees and making returns of the sums to a designated city or county officer, department, or instrumentality; and

(2) imposes the duty to withhold generally on the payment of compensation earned within the jurisdiction of the city or county in the case of employees whose regular place of employment is within such jurisdiction;

the Secretary of the Treasury, under regulations prescribed by the President, shall enter into an agreement with the city or county within 120 days of a request for agreement by the proper city or county official. The agreement shall provide that the head of each agency of the United States shall comply with the requirements of the city or county ordinance in the case of any employee of the agency who is subject to the tax and (i) whose regular place of Federal employment is within the jurisdiction of the city or county with which the agreement is made or (ii) is a resident of such city or county. The agreement may not apply to pay for service as a member of the Armed Forces (other than service described in section 5517(d) of this title). The agreement may not permit withholding of a city or county tax from the pay of an employee who is not a resident of, or whose regular place of Federal employment is not within, the State in which that city or county is located unless the employee consents to the withholding.

(b) This section does not give the consent of the United States to the application of an ordinance which imposes more burdensome requirements on the United States than on other employers or which subjects the United States or its employees to a penalty or liability because of this section. An agency of the United States may not accept pay from a city or county for services performed in withholding city or county income or employment taxes from the pay of employees of the agency.

(c) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "city" means any unit of general local government which—

(A) is classified as a municipality by the Bureau of the Census, or

(B) is a town or township which, in the determination of the Secretary of the Treasury—

(i) possesses powers and performs functions comparable to those associated with municipalities,

(ii) is closely settled, and

(iii) contains within its boundaries no incorporated places, as defined by the Bureau of the Census,

within the political boundaries of which 500 or more persons are regularly employed by all agencies of the Federal Government;

(2) "county" means any unit of local general government which is classified as a county by the Bureau of the Census and within the political boundaries of which 500 or more persons are regularly employed by all agencies of the Federal Government;

(3) "ordinance" means an ordinance, order, resolution, or similar instrument which is duly adopted and approved by a city or county in accordance with the constitution and statutes of the State in which it is located and which has the force of law within such city or county; and

(4) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the judicial branch; and

(C) the United States Postal Service.

(Added Pub. L. 93–340, §1(a), July 10, 1974, 88 Stat. 294; amended Pub. L. 94–358, §1, July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 910; Pub. L. 95–30, title IV, §408(a), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 157; Pub. L. 95–365, §1, Sept. 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 100–180, div. A, title V, §505(2), Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1086.)

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–180 inserted "(other than service described in section 5517(d) of this title)" after "Armed Forces" in penultimate sentence.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–365 designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted ", or whose regular place of Federal employment is not within," after "not a resident of", and added cl. (ii).

**1977**—Pub. L. 95–30, §408(a)(1), inserted "or county" after "city" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–30, §408(a)(2), (3), substituted "city or county" for "city" in introductory provisions preceding par. (1), in par. (2), and in provisions following par. (2), and, in par. (1), substituted "a designated city or county officer, department, or instrumentality" for "the city".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–30, §408(a)(2), substituted "city or county" for "city".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–30, §408(a)(4), (5), added pars. (2) and (3) and redesignated former par. (2) as (4).

**1976**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–358 substituted provision defining a city, for purposes of this section, as any unit of general local government which is classified a municipality by the Bureau of the Census, or is a town or township which in the opinion of the Secretary of the Treasury possesses powers and performs functions comparable to those associated with municipalities, is closely settled, and contains within its boundaries no incorporated places, as defined by the Bureau of the Census, within the political boundaries of which five hundred or more persons are regularly employed by all agencies of the Federal Government, for provision defining a city, for purposes of this section, as a city which is duly incorporated under the laws of a State and within the political boundaries of which five hundred or more persons are regularly employed by all agencies of the Federal Government.

Pub. L. 95–365, §2, Sept. 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 599, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 15, 1978]."

Pub. L. 95–30, title IV, §408(c), May 23, 1977, 91 Stat. 157, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 23, 1977]."

Pub. L. 94–358, §2, July 12, 1976, 90 Stat. 910, provided that: "The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 12, 1976]."

Pub. L. 93–340, §3, July 10, 1974, 88 Stat. 295, provided that: "This section shall become effective on the date of enactment of this Act [July 10, 1974]. The provisions of the first section and section 2 of this Act [enacting this section and amending section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service] shall become effective on the ninetieth day following the date of enactment."

Ex. Ord. No. 11833, Jan. 13, 1975, 40 F.R. 2673, which related to the withholding of city income or employment taxes by Federal agencies, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11863, June 12, 1975, 40 F.R. 25413, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11863, June 12, 1975, 40 F.R. 25431, which related to the withholding of city income or employment taxes by Federal agencies, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11968, Jan. 31, 1977, 42 F.R. 6787, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11968, Jan. 31, 1977, 42 F.R. 6787, which related to the withholding of District of Columbia, State and city income or employment taxes, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11997, June 22, 1977, 42 F.R. 31759, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11997, June 22, 1977, 42 F.R. 31759, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by Sections 5516, 5517 and 5520 of Title 5 of the United States Code, and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, in order to authorize the Secretary of the Treasury to provide for the withholding of county income or employment taxes as authorized by Section 5520 of Title 5 of the United States Code as amended by Section 408 of Public Law 95–30, as well as to provide for the withholding of District of Columbia, State and city income or employment taxes, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Jimmy Carter.

(a) For purposes of this section—

(1) "agency" means each agency of the Federal Government, including—

(A) an executive agency, except for the Government Accountability Office;

(B) the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission;

(C) any agency of the judicial branch of the Government; and

(D) any agency of the legislative branch of the Government, including the Government Accountability Office, each office of a Member of Congress, a committee of the Congress, or other office of the Congress;

(2) "employee" means an employee of an agency (including a Member of Congress as defined under section 2106);

(3) "legal process" means any writ, order, summons, or other similar process in the nature of garnishment, that—

(A) is issued by a court of competent jurisdiction within any State, territory, or possession of the United States, or an authorized official pursuant to an order of such a court or pursuant to State or local law; and

(B) orders the employing agency of such employee to withhold an amount from the pay of such employee, and make a payment of such withholding to another person, for a specifically described satisfaction of a legal debt of the employee, or recovery of attorney's fees, interest, or court costs; and

(4) "pay" means—

(A) basic pay, premium pay paid under subchapter V, any payment received under subchapter VI, VII, or VIII, severance and back pay paid under subchapter IX, sick pay, incentive pay, and any other compensation paid or payable for personal services, whether such compensation is denominated as wages, salary, commission, bonus pay or otherwise; and

(B) does not include awards for making suggestions.

(b) Subject to the provisions of this section and the provisions of section 303 of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1673) pay from an agency to an employee is subject to legal process in the same manner and to the same extent as if the agency were a private person.

(c)(1) Service of legal process to which an agency is subject under this section may be accomplished by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, or by personal service, upon—

(A) the appropriate agent designated for receipt of such service of process pursuant to the regulations issued under this section; or

(B) the head of such agency, if no agent has been so designated.

(2) Such legal process shall be accompanied by sufficient information to permit prompt identification of the employee and the payments involved.

(d) Whenever any person, who is designated by law or regulation to accept service of process to which an agency is subject under this section, is effectively served with any such process or with interrogatories, such person shall respond thereto within thirty days (or within such longer period as may be prescribed by applicable State law) after the date effective service thereof is made, and shall, as soon as possible but not later than fifteen days after the date effective service is made, send written notice that such process has been so served (together with a copy thereof) to the affected employee at his or her duty station or last-known home address.

(e) No employee whose duties include responding to interrogatories pursuant to requirements imposed by this section shall be subject to any disciplinary action or civil or criminal liability or penalty for, or on account of, any disclosure of information made by such employee in connection with the carrying out of any of such employee's duties which pertain directly or indirectly to the answering of any such interrogatory.

(f) Agencies affected by legal process under this section shall not be required to vary their normal pay and disbursement cycles in order to comply with any such legal process.

(g) Neither the United States, an agency, nor any disbursing officer shall be liable with respect to any payment made from payments due or payable to an employee pursuant to legal process regular on its face, provided such payment is made in accordance with this section and the regulations issued to carry out this section. In determining the amount of any payment due from, or payable by, an agency to an employee, there shall be excluded those amounts which would be excluded under section 462(g) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 662(g)).

(h)(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2), if an agency is served under this section with more than one legal process with respect to the same payments due or payable to an employee, then such payments shall be available, subject to section 303 of the Consumer Credit Protection Act (15 U.S.C. 1673), to satisfy such processes in priority based on the time of service, with any such process being satisfied out of such amounts as remain after satisfaction of all such processes which have been previously served.

(2) A legal process to which an agency is subject under section 459 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 659) for the enforcement of the employee's legal obligation to provide child support or make alimony payments, shall have priority over any legal process to which an agency is subject under this section.

(i) The provisions of this section shall not modify or supersede the provisions of section 459 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 659) concerning legal process brought for the enforcement of an individual's legal obligations to provide child support or make alimony payments.

(j)(1) Regulations implementing the provisions of this section shall be promulgated—

(A) by the President or his designee for each executive agency, except with regard to employees of the United States Postal Service, the President or, at his discretion, the Postmaster General shall promulgate such regulations;

(B) jointly by the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, or their designee, for the legislative branch of the Government; and

(C) by the Chief Justice of the United States or his designee for the judicial branch of the Government.

(2) Such regulations shall provide that an agency's administrative costs in executing a garnishment action may be added to the garnishment, and that the agency may retain costs recovered as offsetting collections.

(k)(1) No later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretaries of the Executive departments concerned shall promulgate regulations to carry out the purposes of this section with regard to members of the uniformed services.

(2) Such regulations shall include provisions for—

(A) the involuntary allotment of the pay of a member of the uniformed services for indebtedness owed a third party as determined by the final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction, and as further determined by competent military or executive authority, as appropriate, to be in compliance with the procedural requirements of the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act (50 App. U.S.C. 501 et seq.); 1 and

(B) consideration for the absence of a member of the uniformed service from an appearance in a judicial proceeding resulting from the exigencies of military duty.

(3) The Secretaries of the Executive departments concerned shall promulgate regulations under this subsection that are, as far as practicable, uniform for all of the uniformed services. The Secretary of Defense shall consult with the Secretary of Homeland Security with regard to the promulgation of such regulations that might affect members of the Coast Guard when the Coast Guard is operating as a service in the Navy.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §9(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1007; amended Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title VI, §643, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 368; Pub. L. 104–193, title III, §362(b)(2), Aug. 22, 1996, 110 Stat. 2246; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1105, Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1923; Pub. L. 108–189, §2(b)(1), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2865; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(3), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242.)

The date of the enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (k)(1), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–94, which enacted this section and was approved Oct. 6, 1993.

The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, referred to in subsec. (k)(2)(A), is act Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178, which was classified to section 501 et seq. of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as chapter 50 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

Subsec. (k)(3). Pub. L. 109–241 substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary of Transportation".

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (D). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**2003**—Subsec. (k)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–189 substituted "Servicemembers Civil Relief Act" for "Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940".

**1997**—Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 105–85, §1105(1), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Such regulations shall provide that an agency's administrative costs incurred in executing legal process to which the agency is subject under this section shall be deducted from the amount withheld from the pay of the employee concerned pursuant to the legal process."

Subsec. (k)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–85, §1105(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: "Regulations under this subsection may also provide that the administrative costs incurred in establishing and maintaining an involuntary allotment be deducted from the amount withheld from the pay of the member of the uniformed services concerned pursuant to such regulations."

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–85, §1105(3), struck out subsec. (l) which read as follows: "The amount of an agency's administrative costs deducted under regulations prescribed pursuant to subsection (j)(2) or (k)(3) shall be credited to the appropriation, fund, or account from which such administrative costs were paid."

**1996**—Subsecs. (h)(2), (i). Pub. L. 104–193 substituted "section 459 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 659)" for "sections 459, 461, and 462 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 659, 661, and 662)".

Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 104–106, §643(a), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Such regulations shall provide that an agency's administrative costs in executing a garnishment action may be added to the garnishment, and that the agency may retain costs recovered as offsetting collections."

Subsec. (k)(3), (4). Pub. L. 104–106, §643(b), added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 104–106, §643(c), added subsec. (l).

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–193 effective six months after Aug. 22, 1996, see section 362(d) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as a note under section 659 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

For provisions relating to effective date of title III of Pub. L. 104–193, see section 395(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 104–193, set out as a note under section 654 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section effective 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, and not to affect any proceedings with respect to which charges were filed on or before 120 days after Oct. 6, 1993, with orders to be issued in such proceedings and appeals taken therefrom as if Pub. L. 103–94 had not been enacted, see section 12 of Pub. L. 103–94, set out as a note under section 7321 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title VI, §634, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1431, provided that: "Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017], the Secretary of Defense shall review and update Department of Defense Directive 1344.09 and any associated regulations to ensure that such regulations comply with Federal consumer protection laws with respect to the collection of debt."

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title X, §1061, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2128, authorized the Secretary of Defense to conduct a pilot program on alternative notice procedures for withholding or garnishment of pay for the payment of child support and alimony under section 659 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, required the Secretary to submit to Congress, not later than Jan. 1, 2001, a report describing the experience of the Department of Defense under the authority provided for the program, and provided for termination of pilot program on Sept. 30, 2001.

Ex. Ord. No. 12897, Feb. 3, 1994, 59 F.R. 5517, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 5520a(j)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 9 of Public Law 103–94, it is hereby ordered as follows:

William J. Clinton.

1 See References in Text note below.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the judicial branch;

(C) the Library of Congress;

(D) the Government Publishing Office; and

(E) the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency;

(3) "head of each agency" means—

(A) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts with respect to the judicial branch; and

(B) the Mayor of the District of Columbia with respect to the government of the District of Columbia; and

(4) "United States", when used in a geographical sense, means the several States and the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 479; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(10), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(31), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

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5 U.S.C. 3071. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §1, 75 Stat. 662. June 24, 1965, Pub. L. 89–47, 79 Stat. 171. |


In paragraph (1), the word "agency" is substituted for "department". The term "Executive agency" is substituted for the reference to "each executive department of the Government of the United States of America; each agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of such Government; each corporation wholly owned or controlled by such Government" in former section 3071(1)(A)–(C).

Paragraph (2) is added for clarity and in view of the fact that the definition of "employee" in section 2105 does not include individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia.

In paragraph (3), the term "department head" is omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (4), the words "of the United States of America" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner".

**1968**—Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Board of Commissioners".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1)(D) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

(a) The head of each agency may provide for the advance payment of the pay, allowances, and differentials, or any of them, covering a period of not more than 30 days, to or for the account of each employee of the agency (or, under emergency circumstances and on a reimbursable basis, an employee of another agency) whose departure (or that of his dependents or immediate family, as the case may be) from a place inside or outside the United States is officially authorized or ordered—

(1) from a place outside the United States from which the Secretary of State determines it is in the national interest to require the departure of some or all employees, their dependents, or both; or

(2) from any place where there is imminent danger to the life of the employee or the lives of the dependents or immediate family of the employee.

(b) Subject to adjustment of the account of an employee under section 5524 of this title and other applicable statute, the advance payment of pay, allowances, and differentials is at rates currently authorized with respect to the employee on the date the advance payment is made under agency procedures governing advance payments under this subsection. The rates so authorized may not exceed the rates to which the employee was entitled immediately before issuance of the departure order.

(c) An advance of funds under subsection (a) of this section is recoverable by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, as the case may be, from the employee or his estate by—

(1) setoff against accrued pay, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due to the employee from the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; and

(2) such other method as is provided by law.

The head of the agency concerned may waive in whole or in part a right of recovery of an advance of funds under subsection (a) of this section, if it is shown that the recovery would be against equity and good conscience or against the public interest.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 96–465, title II §2303(a), (b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2164, 2165.)

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5 U.S.C. 3072. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §2, 75 Stat. 662. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–465, §2303(a), substituted "departure" for "evacuation", substituted "is officially authorized or ordered" for "is ordered for military or other reasons which create imminent danger to the life or lives of the employee or of his dependents or immediate family", and added pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–465, §2303(b), substituted "departure" for "evacuation" after "issuance of the".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a) The head of each agency may provide for—

(1) the payment of monetary amounts covering a period of not more than 60 days to or for the account of each employee of the agency (or, under emergency circumstances and on a reimbursable basis, an employee of another agency) whose departure (or that of the employee's dependents or immediate family, as the case may be) is authorized or ordered under section 5522(a); and

(2) the termination of payment of the monetary amounts.

The President, with respect to the Executive agencies, may extend the 60-day period for not more than 120 additional days if he determines that the extension of the period is in the interest of the United States.

(b) Subject to adjustment of the account of an employee under section 5524 of this title and other applicable statute, each payment under this section is at rates of pay, allowances, and differentials, or any of them, currently authorized with respect to the employee on the date payment is made under agency procedures governing payments under this section. The rates so authorized may not exceed the rates to which the employee was entitled immediately before issuance of the departure order. An employee in an Executive agency may be granted such additional allowance payments as the President determines necessary to offset the direct added expenses incident to the departure.

(c) Each period for which payment of amounts is made under this section to or for the account of an employee is deemed, for all purposes with respect to the employee, a period of active service, without break in service, performed by the employee in the employment of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2303(c), (d), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(a), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 669.)

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5 U.S.C. 3073. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §3, 75 Stat. 663. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–138 substituted "agency) whose departure (or that of the employee's dependents or immediate family, as the case may be) is authorized or ordered under section 5522(a); and" for "agency)—

"(A) whose departure is authorized or ordered under section 5522(a) of this title; and

"(B) who is prevented, by circumstances beyond his control and beyond the control of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, or both, as the case may be, from performing the duties of the position which he held immediately before issuance of the departure order; and".

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–465, §2303(c), in subpar. (A) substituted "whose departure is authorized or ordered under section 5522(a) of this title; and" for "whose evacuation from a place inside or outside the United States is ordered for military or other reasons which create imminent danger to the life of the employee; and", and in subpar. (B) substituted "departure" for "evacuation" after "issuance of the".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–465, §2303(d), substituted "departure" for "evacuation" in two places.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The head of each agency shall provide for—

(1) the review of the account of each employee of the agency in receipt of payments under section 5522 or 5523 of this title, or both, as the case may be; and

(2) the adjustment of the amounts of the payments on the basis of—

(A) the rates of pay, allowances, and differentials to which the employee would have been entitled under applicable statute other than this subchapter for the respective periods covered by the payments, if he had performed active service under the terms of his appointment during each period in the position he held immediately before the issuance of the applicable evacuation order; and

(B) such additional amounts as the employee is authorized to receive in accordance with a determination of the President under section 5523(b) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 481.)

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5 U.S.C. 3074. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §4, 75 Stat. 663. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a)(1) The head of each agency may provide for the advance payment of basic pay, covering not more than 2 pay periods, to any individual who is newly appointed to a position in the agency.

(2) The head of each agency may provide for the advance payment of basic pay, covering not more than 4 pay periods, to an employee who is assigned to a position in the agency that is located—

(A) outside of the employee's commuting area; and

(B) in the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or any territory or possession of the United States.

(b)(1) Subject to adjustment of the account of an employee under paragraph (2) and other applicable statutes, the advance payment of basic pay shall be made, under agency procedures governing advance payments under this section, at the initial rate of basic pay to be payable to the employee upon the commencement of service in the position to which appointed or assigned.

(2) The head of each agency shall provide for—

(A) the review of the account of each employee of the agency in receipt of any payment under this section; and

(B) the adjustment of the amount of any such payment on the basis of the rate of basic pay to which the employee would have been entitled under applicable statute other than this section for the respective periods covered by the payments, if the employee had performed active service under the terms of such employee's appointment or assignment during each period in the position to which appointed or assigned.

(c) An advance payment under this section is recoverable by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, as the case may be, from the employee or such employee's estate by—

(1) setoff against accrued pay, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due to the employee from the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; and

(2) such other method as is provided by law.

The head of the agency concerned may waive in whole or in part a right of recovery of an advance payment under this section if it is shown that the recovery would be against equity and good conscience or against the public interest.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §107(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1449; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1134(a)–(c)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2459.)

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–328, §1134(c)(1), inserted "and employees relocating within the United States and its territories" after "appointees" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, §1134(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–328, §1134(b)(1), inserted "or assigned" after "appointed".

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, §1134(b)(2), inserted "or assignment" after "appointment" and "or assigned" after "appointed".

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

The head of each agency may establish procedures under which each employee of the agency is permitted to make allotments and assignments of amounts out of his pay for such purpose as the head of the agency considers appropriate. For purposes of this section, the term "agency" includes the Office of the Architect of the Capitol.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 107–68, title I, §133(b)(1), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 582.)

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5 U.S.C. 3075. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §5, 75 Stat. 663. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–68 inserted at end "For purposes of this section, the term 'agency' includes the Office of the Architect of the Capitol."

Pub. L. 107–68, title I, §133(b)(2), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 582, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 12, 2001]."

Funds available to an agency for payment of pay, allowances, and differentials to or for the accounts of employees of the agency are available on a reimbursable basis for payment of pay, allowances, and differentials to or for the accounts of employees of another agency under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 481.)

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5 U.S.C. 3078. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §8, 75 Stat. 664. |


The word "civilian" is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "employee" in section 5521(2), and the fact that military personnel are not "employed".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) To the extent practicable in the public interest, the President shall coordinate the policies and procedures of the respective Executive agencies under this subchapter.

(b) The President, with respect to the Executive agencies, the head of the agency concerned, with respect to the appropriate agency outside the executive branch, and the District of Columbia Council, with respect to the government of the District of Columbia, shall prescribe and issue, or provide for the formulation and issuance of, regulations necessary and appropriate to carry out the provisions, accomplish the purposes, and govern the administration of this subchapter.

(c) The head of each Executive agency may prescribe and issue regulations, not inconsistent with the regulations of the President issued under subsection (b) of this section, necessary and appropriate to carry out his functions under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(11), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312.)

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5 U.S.C. 3076. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–304, §6, 75 Stat. 664. |


In subsection (b), the last sentence of former section 3076, which provided for the issuance of the regulations not later than December 25, 1961, and the effective date of the regulations as not later than March 25, 1962, is omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–623 inserted reference to the District of Columbia Council, with respect to the government of the District of Columbia.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

District of Columbia Council, as established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, abolished as of noon Jan. 2, 1975, by Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §711, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 818, and replaced by Council of District of Columbia, as provided by section 401 of Pub. L. 93–198.

Ex. Ord. No. 10982, Dec. 25, 1961, 27 F.R. 3, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055; Ex. Ord. No. 12748, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the act of September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 662) [this subchapter] and by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States, it is ordered as follows:

(a) The term "the act" means the act of September 26, 1961 (Public Law 87–304), 75 Stat. 662 [now this subchapter].

(b) The term "Federal agency" means any executive department of the Government of the United States of America, any agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of the Government, and any corporation wholly owned or controlled by the Government.

(c) The term "foreign area" means any area (including the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) situated outside (1) the United States (including the District of Columbia), (2) the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, (3) the Canal Zone, and (4) any territory or possession of the United States.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management is hereby designated and empowered to perform the functions conferred upon the President by the provisions of section 5527 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to allotments and assignments authorized by section 5525 of title 5, United States Code, and advance payments to new appointees authorized by section 5524a of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 107(a) of the Federal Employees Pay Comparability Act of 1990, as incorporated in section 529 of Public Law 101–509.

(a) To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary of State, the Office of Personnel Management, and the heads of other Federal agencies shall exercise their authority under the act and this order so that employees of different Federal agencies evacuated from the same geographic area under the same general circumstances may be treated uniformly.

(b) Advance payments of compensation, allowances, and differentials, as authorized by section 2 of the act [section 5522 of this title], shall be held to the minimum period during which the order for evacuation is anticipated to continue, and shall in no event be made for a period of more than thirty days.

(c) It is hereby determined to be in the interest of the United States that payments of monetary amounts as authorized by section 3 of the act [section 5523 of this title] to and for the account of an employee whose evacuation is ordered and who is prevented from performing the duties of his position, under the circumstances set forth in section 3 of the act, should be extended beyond sixty days for not more than one hundred and twenty additional days only upon determination, pursuant to regulations of the head of the Federal agency concerned, that such additional payments are reasonably necessary to maintain a civilian staff available for performance of duty. Such payments of monetary amounts under the authority of section 3 of the act shall be terminated as of such dates as may be determined by the Secretary of State or the Office of Personnel Management, as appropriate, but not later than the date on which an employee resumes his duties at the post from which he has been evacuated or is assigned to another position.

(b) In order to coordinate the policies and procedures of the executive branch of the Government, all regulations of any Federal agency prepared for issuance under the provisions of section 6(c) of the act [section 5527(c) of this title] and section 4(a) of this order shall be submitted for prior approval to the Secretary of State, or to the Office of Personnel Management, as may be appropriate, under section 2 of this order. The Secretary of State and the Office of Personnel Management shall review such regulations for conformance with the purpose and intent of the act and of the regulations contained in section 3 of this order. No Federal agency shall make any payment under the provisions of the act or this order until such regulations have been approved by the Secretary of State, or the Office of Personnel Management, as appropriate.

For the purpose of section 5533 of this title—

(1) "member" has the meaning given such term by section 101(23) of title 37;

(2) "position" means a civilian office or position (including a temporary, part-time, or intermittent position), appointive or elective, in the legislative, executive, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States (including a Government corporation, but excluding a nonappropriated fund instrumentality under the jurisdiction of the armed forces) or in the government of the District of Columbia;

(3) "retired or retainer pay" means retired pay, as defined in section 8311(3) of this title, determined without regard to subparagraphs (B) through (D) of such section 8311(3); except that such term does not include an annuity payable to an eligible beneficiary of a member or former member of a uniformed service under chapter 73 of title 10;

(4) "agency in the legislative branch" means the Government Accountability Office, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of Technology Assessment, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, the United States Botanic Garden, the Congressional Budget Office, and the United States Capitol Police;

(5) "employee of the House of Representatives" means a congressional employee whose pay is disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives;

(6) "employee of the Senate" means a congressional employee whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate; and

(7) "congressional employee" has the meaning given that term by section 2107 of this title, excluding an employee of an agency in the legislative branch.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §308(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §655(a)(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1391; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(6), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 111–145, §7(b)(1), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 55; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1108, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 428.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3101 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 3102(a)–(e) and 3105 (less (e))). | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §101 (as applicable to §§201(a)–(e) and 301 (less (e))), 78 Stat. 484. |


In paragraph (2), the defined word "position" is substituted for "civilian office." The words "Government corporation" are substituted for "corporation owned or controlled by such Government" in view of the definition in section 103.

The definitions of "uniformed services" and "armed forces" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definitions in section 2101.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2023**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 118–31 substituted "Government corporation, but excluding" for "Government corporation and".

**2010**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 111–145 substituted "the Congressional Budget Office, and the United States Capitol Police" for "and the Congressional Budget Office".

**2004**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "section" for "sections 5532 and" in introductory provisions.

**1996**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1991**—Pars. (4) to (7). Pub. L. 102–190 added pars. (4) to (7).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted " 'member' " for " 'officer' " in par. (1) and added par. (3).

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (4) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–145 effective as though enacted as part of section 1018 of Pub. L. 108–7, see section 7(d) of Pub. L. 111–145, set out as a note under section 2107 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §308(g), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1151, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5532 of this title] shall apply only with respect to pay periods beginning after the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date note set out under section 1101 of this title] and only with respect to members of the uniformed services who first receive retired or retainer pay (as defined in section 5531(3) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this section)), after the effective date of this Act.

"(2) Such amendments shall not apply to any individual employed in a position on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978] so long as the individual continues to hold any such position (disregarding any break in service of 3 days or less) if the individual, on that date, would have been entitled to retired or retainer pay but for the fact the individual does not satisfy any applicable age requirement.

"(3) The provisions of section 5532 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect immediately before the effective date of this Act, shall apply with respect to any retired officer of a regular component of the uniformed services who is receiving retired pay on or before such date, or any individual to whom paragraph (2) applies, in the same manner and to the same extent as if the preceding subsections of this section had not been enacted."

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §308(a), (c)–(f)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1149–1151; Pub. L. 97–276, §151(b), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1200; Pub. L. 98–396, title III, §306, Aug. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 1424; Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2635; Pub. L. 99–88, title I, §100, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(l), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(l), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308; Pub. L. 100–202, §§101(l) [title I, §101], 106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–362, 1329–433; Pub. L. 100–457, title I, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2129; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §108(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1449; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(j)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1663; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §655(a)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1390; Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 105–55, title I, §107, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1184, related to employment of retired members of uniformed services and reduction in retired or retainer pay.

Repeal effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 651(c) of Pub. L. 106–65, set out as an Effective Date of 1999 Amendment note under section 1466 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

(a) Except as provided by subsections (b), (c), and (d) of this section, an individual is not entitled to receive basic pay from more than one position for more than an aggregate of 40 hours of work in one calendar week (Sunday through Saturday).

(b) Except as otherwise provided by subsection (c) of this section, the Office of Personnel Management, subject to the supervision and control of the President, may prescribe regulations under which exceptions may be made to the restrictions in subsection (a) of this section when appropriate authority determines that the exceptions are warranted because personal services otherwise cannot be readily obtained.

(c)(1) Unless otherwise authorized by law and except as otherwise provided by paragraph (2) or (4) of this subsection, appropriated funds are not available for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position if the pay of one of the positions is paid by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police, or one of the positions is under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, and if the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $7,724 a year ($10,540,1 in the case of pay disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate).

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, appropriated funds are not available for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position, for each of which the pay is disbursed by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives or the Chief of the Capitol Police, if the aggregate gross pay from those positions exceeds the maximum per annum gross rate of pay authorized to be paid to an employee out of the clerk hire allowance of a Member of the House.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection, "gross pay" means the annual rate of pay (or equivalent thereof in the case of an individual paid on other than an annual basis) received by an individual.

(4) Paragraph (1) of this subsection does not apply to pay on a when-actually-employed basis received from more than one consultant or expert position if the pay is not received for the same day.

(d) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to—

(1) pay on a when-actually-employed basis received from more than one consultant or expert position if the pay is not received for the same hours of the same day;

(2) pay consisting of fees paid on other than a time basis;

(3) pay received by a teacher of the public schools of the District of Columbia for employment in a position during the summer vacation period;

(4) pay paid by the Tennessee Valley Authority to an employee performing part-time or intermittent work in addition to his normal duties when the Authority considers it to be in the interest of efficiency and economy;

(5) pay received by an individual holding a position—

(A) the pay of which is paid by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police; or

(B) under the Architect of the Capitol;

(6) pay paid by the United States Coast Guard to an employee occupying a part-time position of lamplighter; and

(7) pay within the purview of any of the following statutes:

(A) section 162 of title 2;

(B) section 23(b) of title 13;

(C) section 327 of title 15;

(D) section 907 of title 20;

(E) section 873 of title 33; or

(F) section 631 or 631a of title 31, District of Columbia Code.

[(G) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(8), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498.]

(e)(1) This section does not apply to an individual employed under sections 174j–1 to 174j–7 or 174k 2 of title 40.

(2) Subsection (c) of this section does not apply to pay received by a teacher of the public schools of the District of Columbia for employment in a position during the summer vacation period.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 483; Pub. L. 90–57, §105(h), July 28, 1967, 81 Stat. 143; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §214(o), Dec. 16, 1967. 81 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 91–510, title IV, §477(d), Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1195; Pub. L. 93–140, §23, Oct. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 93–145, §101, Nov. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(21), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 94–440, title I, §103, Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1443; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(8), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(7), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 111–145, §7(b)(2), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 55.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3105 (less (e)). | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §301 (less (e)), 78 Stat. 488. |


In subsection (a), the words "an individual" are substituted for "civilian personnel".

In subsection (b), the words "and issue" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (c), the words "appropriated funds are not" are substituted for "no funds appropriated by any Act shall be". The words "$2,000 a year" are substituted for "the sum of $2,000 per annum".

In subsection (d)(7)(D), reference to "section 907 of title 20" is substituted for 5 U.S.C. 3105(d)(7)(F) to reflect the scheduled transfer of 5 U.S.C. 2358(b) to title 20.

In subsection (d)(7)(H), the words "of chapter 7" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Sections 174j–1, 174j–3, 174j–4, 174j–5, 174j–6, 174j–7, and 174k of title 40, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), were transferred to sections 2042, 2043, 2044, 2045, 2046, 2047, and 2041, respectively, of Title 2, The Congress. Section 174j–2 of title 40 was repealed by Pub. L. 107–217, §6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304.

**2010**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 111–145, §7(b)(2)(A)(i), substituted ", the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police" for "or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 111–145, §7(b)(2)(A)(ii), inserted "or the Chief of the Capitol Police" after "House of Representatives".

Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 111–145, §7(b)(2)(B), substituted ", the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police" for "or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives".

**1996**—Subsecs. (c)(1), (2), (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1979**—Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 96–70 struck out subpar. (G) which made reference to section 102 of title 2, Canal Zone Code.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1976**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–440 inserted "($10,540, in the case of pay disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate)" after "exceeds $7,724 a year".

**1975**—Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out subpar. (F) relating to section 3335 (a) or (c) of title 39, and redesignated subpars. (G) and (H) as (F) and (G), respectively.

**1973**—Subsec. (c)(1), (4). Pub. L. 93–145 inserted reference to par. (4) in par. (1) and added par. (4).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–140 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1970**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–510 inserted "and except as otherwise provided by paragraph (2) of this section" after "authorized by law" and substituted "if the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $7,724 a year" for "if—

"(A) the pay of one or more of the positions is fixed at a single gross per annum rate, and the aggregate gross pay from the positions exceeds $6,256 a year, or

"(B) the pay of each such position is fixed at a basic rate plus additional compensation authorized by law, and the aggregate basic pay of the positions exceeds $2,000 a year".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–510 substituted provision making appropriated funds unavailable for payment to an individual of pay from more than one position, for each of which pay is disbursed by the Clerk of the House, if the aggregate gross pay from those positions exceeds the maximum per annum gross rate of pay authorized to be paid to an employee out of clerk hire allowance of a Member of the House for definition of "gross pay", now incorporated in cl. (3).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 91–510 redesignated former cl. (2) as (3) and deleted provision which included in gross pay of an individual receiving basic pay plus additional compensation provided by law the aggregate amount received as basic and additional compensation, but excluded sums received as premium pay under subchapter V of this chapter.

**1967**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–206 provided for an increase in the aggregate gross pay allowed to certain specified congressional employees on two payrolls as dual office compensation.

Pub. L. 90–57 designated existing dual pay limitation provisions relating to basic compensation as par. (1), redesignated cls. (1) and (2) as (A) and (B), eliminated from cl. (A) provision for pay for one of the positions by the Secretary of the Senate and restricted such cl. (A) to payments in case of employees receiving basic rates of compensation and added par. (2) dual pay limitations applicable to aggregate gross compensation of employees receiving single per annum rates of compensation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–145 effective as though enacted as part of section 1018 of Pub. L. 108–7, see section 7(d) of Pub. L. 111–145, set out as a note under section 2107 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–510 effective immediately prior to noon on Jan. 3, 1971, see section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as a note under section 4301 of Title 2, The Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective at beginning of first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 603 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–57, effective Aug. 1, 1967, see section 105(k) of Pub. L. 90–57, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4575 of Title 2, The Congress.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

**2022**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2023, to the figure "$41,528", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 28, 2022, set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2, The Congress.

The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2022, to the figure "$39,603", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Mar. 15, 2022, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2, The Congress.

**2021**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2022, to the figure "$38,442", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 5, 2021, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2, The Congress.

**2020**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2020, to the figure "$38,061", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 6, 2020, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2, The Congress.

**2019**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2019, to the figure "$36,766", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Apr. 1, 2019, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2018**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2018, to the figure "$35,949", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Mar. 23, 2018, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2017**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2017, to the figure "$35,144", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, May 5, 2017, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2015**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2016, to the figure "$34,160", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 28, 2015, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2014**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2015, to the figure "$33,668", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 23, 2014, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2014, to the figure "$33,334", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 27, 2014, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2010**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2010, to the figure "$33,003", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 5, 2010, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2009**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2009, to the figure "$32,515", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Mar. 12, 2009, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2008**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2008, to the figure "$31,906", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 7, 2008, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2007**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2007, to the figure "$30,827", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Feb. 16, 2007, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2006**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2006, to the figure "$29,905", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 4, 2006, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2005**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2005, to the figure "$29,289", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 3, 2005, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2004**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2004, to the figure "$28,574", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Mar. 5, 2004, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2003**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2003, to the figure "$27,822", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 19, 2002, as amended, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2002**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2002, to the figure "$26,985", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 20, 2001, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2001**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2001, to the figure "$26,329", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 20, 2000, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**2000**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 2000, to the figure "$25,362", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 12, 1999, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1999**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1999, to the figure "$24,433", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 16, 1998, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1998**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1998, to the figure "$23,698", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 19, 1997, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1997**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1997, to the figure "$23,165", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 18, 1996, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1995**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1995, to the figure "$22,200", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 28, 1994, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1993**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1993, to the figure "$21,764", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 17, 1992, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1992**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1992, to the figure "$20,987", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 18, 1991, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1991**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1991, to the figure "$20,141", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 20, 1990, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1990**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1990, to the figure "$19,347", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 21, 1989, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1989**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1989, to the figure "$18,674", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 9, 1988, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1988**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1988, to the figure "$17,938", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 4, 1988, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1987**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1987, to the figure "$17,586", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 19, 1986, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1985**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1985, to the figure "$17,073", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 4, 1985, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1984**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1984, to the figure "$16,495", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 20, 1983, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1982**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1982, to the figure "$15,860", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Oct. 1, 1982, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1980**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1980, to the figure "$14,551", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Oct. 1, 1980, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1979**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1979, to the figure "$13,337", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Oct. 13, 1979, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1978**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1978, to the figure "$12,480", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Oct. 9, 1978, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1977**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1977, to the figure "$11,830", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Sept. 27, 1977, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1976**—The figure "$10,540" in subsec. (c)(1) of this section to be deemed to refer, effective Oct. 1, 1976, to the figure "$11,050", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Oct. 8, 1976, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1973**—The figure "7,724" in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1973, to the figure "9,080", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 16, 1972, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1972**—The figure "7,724" in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective Jan. 1, 1972, to the figure "8,637", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Dec. 23, 1971, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1971**—The figure "7,724" in subsection (c)(1) of this section, deemed to refer, effective Feb. 1, 1971, to the figure "8,187", see section 9 of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, Jan. 15, 1971, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1970**—Adjustment by President pro tempore of the Senate with respect to Senate, by Finance Clerk of House with respect to House of Representatives, and by Architect of Capitol with respect to Office of Architect of Capitol, effective on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 27, 1969, of rates of pay of employees of legislative branch subject to section 214 of Pub. L. 90–206 with certain exceptions, by amounts of adjustment for corresponding rates for employees subject to the General Schedule, set out in section 5332 of this title, which had been made by section 2 of Pub. L. 91–231 raising such rates by 6 percent, see Pub. L. 91–231, formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

**1969**—The figure "6,662" in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section, as increased by Order of June 12, 1968, deemed, on and after July 1, 1969, to refer to the figure "7,287", see section 4(d) of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, June 17, 1969, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

**1968**—The figure "6,256" in subsection (c)(1)(A) of this section deemed to refer, on and after July 1, 1968, to the figure "6,622", see section 1(i) of Salary Directive of President pro tempore of the Senate, June 12, 1968, formerly set out as a note under section 4571 of Title 2.

2 See References in Text note below.

A Reserve of the armed forces or member of the National Guard may accept a civilian office or position under the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, and he is entitled to receive the pay of that office or position in addition to pay and allowances as a Reserve or member of the National Guard.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 484.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 30r(c) (1st sentence). | Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §29(c) (1st sentence), 70A Stat. 632. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A member of a uniformed service who has performed active service and who is on terminal leave pending separation from, or release from active duty in, that service under honorable conditions may accept a civilian office or position in the Government of the United States, its territories or possessions, or the government of the District of Columbia, and he is entitled to receive the pay of that office or position in addition to pay and allowances from the uniformed service for the unexpired portion of the terminal leave. Such a member also is entitled to accrue annual leave with pay in the manner specified in section 6303(a) of this title for a retired member of a uniformed service.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(22), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 199; amended Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title XI, §1101, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2407.)

This section amends chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code, by inserting a new section 5534a. This section is based on subsections (a) and (f) of former 5 U.S.C. 61a–1 the source statute for which (act of Nov. 21, 1945, ch. 489, 59 Stat. 584) was repealed by the act of September 6, 1966, Public Law 89–554 (sec. 8, 80 Stat. 653). Senate Report 1380, 89th Congress, second session, pages 449, 511, explains that the source was repealed since it had been rendered obsolete by section 4(c) of the Armed Forces Leave Act of 1946, as amended (37 U.S.C. 501), and section 219(c) of the Public Health Service Act, as added August 9, 1950 (ch. 654, sec. 2, 64 Stat. 426; 42 U.S.C. 210–1(c)), and that any existing rights are preserved by section 8 of Public Law 89–554.

At the time of enactment of the act of November 21, 1945, there was no authority to make lump-sum leave payments to members of the uniformed services who were being separated from or released from active duty in the uniformed services. Accordingly, they were placed on terminal leave until the expiration of the unused portion of their accumulated and current accrued leave, and only then separated or released. The act of November 21, 1945, in part, authorized the employment of these members during terminal leave and provided they were entitled to receive, in addition to the payment from the employment, military pay and allowances for the unexpired portion of the terminal leave. The Armed Forces Leave Act of 1946 authorized lump-sum leave payments of unused accumulated and current accrued leave. Generally, thereafter, members of the uniformed services were not placed on terminal leave, but were separated and paid a lump-sum leave payment. However, in certain instances a member may be placed on terminal leave. Such a case was considered recently by the Comptroller General of the United States (see B–157500, Oct. 13, 1965, 45 Comp. Gen. 180. In view of the foregoing, it is concluded that subsection (a) of former 5 U.S.C. 61a–1 had prospective effect and should have been reenacted in title 5, U.S.C., by Public Law 89–554.

In section 5534a, the words "A member of a uniformed service who has performed active service" are substituted for "Any person, who, shall have performed active service in the Armed Forces" to conform to the style of title 5 and the definition of "uniformed services" in 5 U.S.C. 2101 which is coextensive with the definition of "armed forces" in subsection (f) of former 5 U.S.C. 61a–1. Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1965 (79 Stat. 1318), effective July 13, 1965, consolidated the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau to form a new agency in the Department of Commerce to be known as the Environmental Science Services Administration. The words "subsequent to May 1, 1940" are omitted as executed. The word "territories" is substituted for "Territories" inasmuch as there now are no incorporated territories. The words "(including any corporation created under authority of an act of Congress which is either wholly controlled or wholly owned by the Government of the United States, or any department, agency, or establishment thereof, whether or not the employees thereof are paid from funds appropriated by Congress)" are omitted as included in "a civilian office or position in the Government of the United States". The word "pay" is substituted for "compensation."

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–364 inserted at end "Such a member also is entitled to accrue annual leave with pay in the manner specified in section 6303(a) of this title for a retired member of a uniformed service."

Section effective Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as an Effective Date of 1967 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a) An officer may not receive pay in addition to the pay for his regular office for performing the duties of a vacant office as authorized by sections 3345–3347 of this title.

(b) An employee may not receive—

(1) additional pay or allowances for performing the duties of another employee; or

(2) pay in addition to the regular pay received for employment held before his appointment or designation as acting for or instead of an occupant of another position or employment.

This subsection does not prevent a regular and permanent appointment by promotion from a lower to a higher grade of employment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 484.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 9. | R.S. §182. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 69 (1st 34 words). | R.S. §1764 (1st 34 words). |

5 U.S.C. 72. | Aug. 1, 1914, ch. 223, §12, 38 Stat. 680. |


Subsection (a) was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed.

In subsection (a), the words "regular office" are coextensive with and substituted for "proper office".

In subsection (b), former sections 69 (1st 34 words) and 72 are combined and restated for clarity and conciseness. The word "employee" is coextensive with and substituted for "officer or clerk", "officer or clerk in the same or any other department", and "person employed in the service of the United States". The words "under any general or lump-sum appropriation" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An employee or a member of a uniformed service whose pay or allowance is fixed by statute or regulation may not receive additional pay or allowance for the disbursement of public money or for any other service or duty, unless specifically authorized by law and the appropriation therefor specifically states that it is for the additional pay or allowance.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 484.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 51. | R.S. §170. | |

5 U.S.C. 69 (less 1st 34 words). | R.S. §1764 (less 1st 34 words). | |

5 U.S.C. 70. | R.S. §1765. | |

5 U.S.C. 71. | June 20, 1874, ch. 328, §3, 18 Stat. 109. | |

Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1263, §7, 68 Stat. 1228. |


Sections are consolidated as R.S. §1765 includes the scope of R.S. §170, R.S. §1764, and the Act of June 20, 1874, as amended. So much of R.S. §1764 as relates to details is covered by section 5535.

R.S. §170 was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from his [sic] title but is not repealed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate, the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police) or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia may not receive fees for service—

(1) as a juror in a court of the United States or the District of Columbia; or

(2) as a witness on behalf of the United States or the District of Columbia.

(b) An official of a court of the United States or the District of Columbia may not receive witness fees for attendance before a court, commissioner, or magistrate judge where he is officiating.

(c) For the purpose of this section, "court of the United States" has the meaning given it by section 451 of title 28 and includes the District Court of Guam and the District Court of the Virgin Islands.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(12), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 91–563, §3(a), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1477; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(8), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(5), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2868; Pub. L. 111–145, §7(c)(2), Mar. 4, 2010, 124 Stat. 55.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 30o. |
June 29, 1940, ch. 446, §2, 54 Stat. 689. |


The words "fees for jury service" are coextensive with and substituted for "compensation for such service".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2010**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–145 substituted ", the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or the Chief of the Capitol Police" for "or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives" in introductory provisions.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "the District Court of Guam and the District Court of the Virgin Islands" for "the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone, the District Court of Guam, and the District Court of the Virgin Islands".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563 substituted "jury and witness service" for "jury service in courts of the United States" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provisions prohibiting payment of fees for jury service in a court of the District of Columbia or for service as a witness on behalf of the United States or the District of Columbia and excepting employees whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 inserted ", who is entitled to leave under section 6322 of this title," after "individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia".

Words "magistrate judge" substituted for "magistrate" in subsec. (b) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–145 effective as though enacted as part of section 1018 of Pub. L. 108–7, see section 7(d) of Pub. L. 111–145, set out as a note under section 2107 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

(a) An employee who is absent from a position of employment with the Federal Government in order to perform active duty in the uniformed services pursuant to a call or order to active duty under section 12304b of title 10 or a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10 shall be entitled, while serving on active duty, to receive, for each pay period described in subsection (b), an amount equal to the amount by which—

(1) the amount of basic pay which would otherwise have been payable to such employee for such pay period if such employee's civilian employment with the Government had not been interrupted by that service, exceeds (if at all)

(2) the amount of pay and allowances which (as determined under subsection (d))—

(A) is payable to such employee for that service; and

(B) is allocable to such pay period.

(b) Amounts under this section shall be payable with respect to each pay period (which would otherwise apply if the employee's civilian employment had not been interrupted)—

(1) during which such employee is entitled to re-employment rights under chapter 43 of title 38 with respect to the position from which such employee is absent (as referred to in subsection (a)); and

(2) for which such employee does not otherwise receive basic pay (including by taking any annual, military, or other paid leave) to which such employee is entitled by virtue of such employee's civilian employment with the Government.

(c) Any amount payable under this section to an employee shall be paid—

(1) by such employee's employing agency;

(2) from the appropriation or fund which would be used to pay the employee if such employee were in a pay status; and

(3) to the extent practicable, at the same time and in the same manner as would basic pay if such employee's civilian employment had not been interrupted.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall, in consultation with Secretary of Defense, prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out the preceding provisions of this section.

(e)(1) The head of each agency referred to in section 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii) shall, in consultation with the Office, prescribe procedures to ensure that the rights under this section apply to the employees of such agency.

(2) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration shall, in consultation with the Office, prescribe procedures to ensure that the rights under this section apply to the employees of that agency.

(f) For purposes of this section—

(1) the terms "employee", "Federal Government", and "uniformed services" have the same respective meanings as given those terms in section 4303 of title 38;

(2) the term "employing agency", as used with respect to an employee entitled to any payments under this section, means the agency or other entity of the Government (including an agency referred to in section 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii)) with respect to which such employee has reemployment rights under chapter 43 of title 38; and

(3) the term "basic pay" includes any amount payable under section 5304.

(Added Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §751(a), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 693; amended Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §745(a), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3219; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VI, §605, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1795.)

**2018**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–232 inserted "section 12304b of title 10 or" after "under" in introductory provisions.

**2009**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–117 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b), which read as follows:

"(b)(1) Amounts under this section shall be payable with respect to each pay period (which would otherwise apply if the employee's civilian employment had not been interrupted)—

"(A) during which such employee is entitled to reemployment rights under chapter 43 of title 38 with respect to the position from which such employee is absent (as referred to in subsection (a)); and

"(B) for which such employee does not otherwise receive basic pay (including by taking any annual, military, or other paid leave) to which such employee is entitled by virtue of such employee's civilian employment with the Government.

"(2) For purposes of this section, the period during which an employee is entitled to reemployment rights under chapter 43 of title 38—

"(A) shall be determined disregarding the provisions of section 4312(d) of title 38; and

"(B) shall include any period of time specified in section 4312(e) of title 38 within which an employee may report or apply for employment or reemployment following completion of service on active duty to which called or ordered as described in subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §745(b), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3219, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2009]."

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §751(c), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 695, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply with respect to pay periods (as described in section 5538(b) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this section) beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 11, 2009]."

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) a military department;

(C) an agency in the judicial branch;

(D) the Library of Congress;

(E) the Botanic Garden;

(F) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol; and

(G) the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "employee" means—

(A) an employee in or under an Executive agency;

(B) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia; and

(C) an employee in or under the judicial branch, the Library of Congress, the Botanic Garden, and the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, who occupies a position subject to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title;

but does not include—

(i) a justice or judge of the United States;

(ii) the head of an agency other than the government of the District of Columbia;

(iii) a teacher, school official, or employee of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, whose pay is fixed under chapter 15 of title 31, District of Columbia Code;

(iv) a member of—

(I) the Metropolitan Police or the Fire Department of the District of Columbia; or

(II) a member of the United States Park Police, other than for purposes of section 1 5545(a) and 5546;

(v) a student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title;

[(vi) Repealed. Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(16), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776;]

(vii) an employee outside the continental United States or in Alaska who is paid in accordance with local native prevailing wage rates for the area in which employed;

(viii) an employee of the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(ix) an individual to whom section 1291(a) 2 of title 50, appendix, applies;

(x) an employee of a Federal land bank, a Federal intermediate credit bank, or a bank for cooperatives;

(xi) an employee whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time to time in accordance with prevailing rates under subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title, or by a wage board or similar administrative authority serving the same purpose, except as provided by section 5544 or 5550b of this title;

(xii) an employee of the Transportation Corps of the Army on a vessel operated by the United States, a vessel employee of the Environmental Science Services Administration, or a vessel employee of the Department of the Interior;

(xiii) a "teacher" or an individual holding a "teaching position" as defined by section 901 of title 20;

(xiv) a Foreign Service officer;

(xv) a member of the Senior Foreign Service;

(xvi) member of the Senior Executive Service; or

(xvii) a member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service; and

(3) "law enforcement officer" means an employee who—

(A) is a law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 8331(20) or 8401(17);

(B) in the case of an employee who holds a supervisory or administrative position and is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83, but who does not qualify to be considered a law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 8331(20), would so qualify if such employee had transferred directly to such position after serving as a law enforcement officer within the meaning of such section;

(C) in the case of an employee who holds a supervisory or administrative position and is subject to chapter 84, but who does not qualify to be considered a law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 8401(17), would so qualify if such employee had transferred directly to such position after performing duties described in section 8401(17)(A) and (B) for at least 3 years; and

(D) in the case of an employee who is not subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84—

(i) holds a position that the Office of Personnel Management determines would satisfy subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) if the employee were subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84; or

(ii) is a special agent in the Diplomatic Security Service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(4), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(16), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 92–392, §4, Aug. 14, 1972, 86 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(22), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–105, title IV, §412(a)(1), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 855; Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §204(b)(5)(B), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 974; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §408(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(1), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2304, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(i)(1), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §411(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1469; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(40)(A)–(C), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(6), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2869; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1111(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 111–282, §4(c)(2), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3043.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 901(a), (d), (e). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212 §101(a), (d), (e), 59 Stat. 295, 296. | |

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §202(a), 68 Stat. 1109. | ||

5 U.S.C. 902 (less clause (1) and last sentence of (a)). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §102 (less clause (1) and last sentence of (a)), 59 Stat. 296. May 24, 1946, ch. 270, §8(a), 60 Stat. 218. |
|

Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §1, 61 Stat. 727. | ||

Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, §202(c) 73 Stat. 389. | ||

5 U.S.C. 2358(a) (as applicable to the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended). | July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, §10(a) (as applicable to the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended), 73 Stat. 217. |


The section is revised as a definition section. The provisions of former section 901(d) are omitted as unnecessary because the sections referred to state their application and there is no need to restate the application here.

In paragraph (1), the terms "Executive agency" and "military department" are substituted for the references in former section 901(a) and (e) to the executive branch, including Government-owned or controlled corporations, and the General Accounting Office in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102.

In paragraph (2)(iii), the words "chapter 15 of title 31, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for the reference in former section 902(a)(4) to "the Teachers Salary Act of June 4, 1924, as amended" on authority of the provisions contained therein. Enumeration of the individuals to which the provisions apply are added.

In paragraph (2)(iv), the provisions of former section 902(a)(5) and (b)(6) are combined.

In paragraph (2)(v), the words "student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for the enumeration of the employees in former section 902(a)(6).

In paragraph (2)(iv), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (xi), and (xii), the reference to former section 947 is omitted as that section was repealed by the Act of Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §301(85), 64 Stat. 843.

In paragraph (2)(xii), the reference to former section 946 is omitted as unnecessary since that section is not carried into this subchapter. The words "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Railroad Company" on authority of the Act of Sept. 2, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a)(2), 64 Stat. 1038.

In paragraph (2)(xiii), the words "as defined by section 901 of title 20" are added on authority of former section 2351, which section is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

The exception for officers and employees of the Inland Waterways Corporation in former section 902(b)(3) is omitted on authority of the Act of July 19, 1963, Pub. L. 88–67, 77 Stat. 81.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 1291(a) of title 50, appendix, referred to in par. (2)(C)(ix), is section 1(a) of act Mar. 24, 1943, ch. 26, 57 Stat. 45, which was classified to section 1291(a) of the former Appendix to Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification as section 4701(a) of Title 50.

**2010**—Par. (2)(iv)(II). Pub. L. 111–282 struck out "a member of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division," before "a member of the United States Park Police".

**2008**—Par. (2)(xi). Pub. L. 110–181 substituted "section 5544 or 5550b" for "section 5544".

**1996**—Par. (2)(xii). Pub. L. 104–201 inserted "or" after "Services Administration," and struck out ", or a vessel employee of the Panama Canal Commission" after "Interior".

**1992**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 102–378 added par. (3).

**1990**—Par. (2)(iv). Pub. L. 101–509 amended cl. (iv) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iv) read as follows: "a member of the Metropolitan Police, the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, the United States Park Police, or the Executive Protective Service;".

**1988**—Par. (2)(xvii). Pub. L. 100–325 added cl. (xvii).

**1980**—Par. (2)(xiv). Pub. L. 96–465 struck out "within the meaning of section 401 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946" after "officer".

Par. (2)(xv). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "a member of the Senior Foreign Service" for "a 'Foreign Service information officer' as provided for by the first section of the Act entitled 'An Act to promote the foreign policy of the United States by strengthening and improving the Foreign Service personnel system of the International Communication Agency through establishment of a Foreign Service Information Officer Corps', approved August 20, 1968".

**1979**—Par. (2)(xii). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Commission" for "Company".

**1978**—Par. (2)(xvi). Pub. L. 95–454 added cl. (xvi).

Par. (2)(xv). Pub. L. 95–426 substituted "International Communication Agency" for "United States Information Agency".

**1977**—Par. (2)(xiv), (xv). Pub. L. 95–105 added cls. (xiv) and (xv).

**1975**—Par. (2)(iv). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "Executive Protective Service" for "White House Police".

**1972**—Par. (2)(xi). Pub. L. 92–392 substituted "pay" for "basic pay" and provided for determination of pay under subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title.

**1970**—Par. (2)(vi). Pub. L. 91–375 repealed cl. (vi) which excluded an employee in the postal field service from definition of "employee".

**1967**—Par. (2)(xii). Pub. L. 90–83 substituted "Environmental Science Services Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey". See Historical and Revision Notes under section 2101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–282 effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1111(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5550b of this title] shall take effect on the earlier of—

"(1) the effective date of any regulations prescribed to carry out such amendments; or

"(2) the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective as of first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(b)(9) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §411(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1469, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective on January 1, 1992."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–426, title II, §204(b)(5)(B), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 974, provided that the amendment made by such section 204(b)(5)(B) is effective Oct. 1, 1978.

Section 412(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–105 provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1978."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2425, provided that: "This section [enacting section 5545a of this title, amending sections 5542 and 5547 of this title and section 213 of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 5545a of this title] may be cited as the 'Law Enforcement Availability Pay Act of 1994'."

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(1) [title I, §115], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–21, provided that:

"(a) None of the funds made available by this or any other Act may be used to pay premium pay under title 5, United States Code, sections 5542–5549, to any individual employed as an attorney, including an Assistant United States Attorney, in the Department of Justice for any work performed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999].

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, neither the United States nor any individual or entity acting on its behalf shall be liable for premium pay under title 5, United States Code, sections 5542–5549, for any work performed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999] by any individual employed as an attorney in the Department of Justice, including an Assistant United States Attorney."

[Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title I, §111], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–68, provided that: "Section 115 of the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000 (as enacted into law by section 1000(a)(1) of Public Law 106–113) [set out above] shall apply hereafter."]

Pub. L. 102–378, §2(40)(D), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1351, provided that: "It is the sense of the Congress that—

"(i) the provisions of section 5541(3) of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 2(40)(C) of this Act)—

"(I) are enacted only for the purposes of pay and not for the purposes of retirement;

"(II) do not reflect any intent of the Congress to change retirement eligibility standards for law enforcement officers; and

"(ii) law enforcement officers in primary positions have different retirement eligibility standards than employees in supervisory or administrative positions because of the different requirements in their responsibilities."

Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §6401, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4370, as amended by Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §408(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1468, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Environmental Science Services Administration in Department of Commerce, including offices of Administrator and Deputy Administrator thereof, abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1970, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090, set out in the Appendix to this title, which created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Department of Commerce and transferred personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of funds of Environmental Science Services Administration to such newly created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Components of Environmental Science Services Administration thus transferred included Weather Bureau [now National Weather Service], Coast and Geodetic Survey [now National Ocean Survey], Environmental Data Service, National Environmental Satellite Center, and ESSA Research Laboratories.

1 So in original. Probably should be "sections".

2 See References in Text note below.

(a) For full-time, part-time and intermittent tours of duty, hours of work officially ordered or approved in excess of 40 hours in an administrative workweek, or (with the exception of an employee engaged in professional or technical engineering or scientific activities for whom the first 40 hours of duty in an administrative workweek is the basic workweek and an employee whose basic pay exceeds the minimum rate for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law) for whom the first 40 hours of duty in an administrative workweek is the basic workweek) in excess of 8 hours in a day, performed by an employee are overtime work and shall be paid for, except as otherwise provided by this subchapter, at the following rates:

(1) For an employee whose basic pay is at a rate which does not exceed the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law), the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to one and one-half times the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee, and all that amount is premium pay.

(2) For an employee whose basic pay is at a rate which exceeds the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law), the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to the greater of one and one-half times the hourly rate of the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law) or the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee, and all that amount is premium pay.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection for an employee of the Department of Transportation who occupies a nonmanagerial position in GS–14 or under and, as determined by the Secretary of Transportation,

(A) the duties of which are critical to the immediate daily operation of the air traffic control system, directly affect aviation safety, and involve physical or mental strain or hardship;

(B) in which overtime work is therefore unusually taxing; and

(C) in which operating requirements cannot be met without substantial overtime work;

the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to one and one-half times the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee, and all that amount is premium pay.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of this subsection, for an employee who is a law enforcement officer, and whose basic pay is at a rate which exceeds the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law), the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to the greater of—

(A) one and one-half times the minimum hourly rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law); or

(B) the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee,

and all that amount is premium pay.

(5) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), for an employee of the Department of the Interior or the United States Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture engaged in emergency wildland fire suppression activities, the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to one and one-half times the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee, and all that amount is premium pay.

(6)(A) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) and (2), for an employee of the Department of the Navy who is assigned to temporary duty outside the United States to perform work aboard, or dockside in direct support of, naval vessels and who would be nonexempt under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 but for the application of the foreign area exemption in section 13(f) of that Act (29 U.S.C. 213(f)), the employee shall be coded and paid overtime as if the employee's exemption status under that Act is the same as it is at the employee's permanent duty station.

(B) Subparagraph (A) shall expire on September 30, 2026.

(b) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) unscheduled overtime work performed by an employee on a day when work was not scheduled for him, or for which he is required to return to his place of employment, is deemed at least 2 hours in duration; and

(2) time spent in a travel status away from the official-duty station of an employee is not hours of employment unless—

(A) the time spent is within the days and hours of the regularly scheduled administrative workweek of the employee, including regularly scheduled overtime hours; or

(B) the travel (i) involves the performance of work while traveling, (ii) is incident to travel that involves the performance of work while traveling, (iii) is carried out under arduous conditions, or (iv) results from an event which could not be scheduled or controlled administratively, including travel by an employee to such an event and the return of such employee from such event to his or her official-duty station.

(c) Subsection (a) shall not apply to an employee who is subject to the overtime pay provisions of section 7 of the Fair labor 1 Standards Act of 1938. In the case of an employee who would, were it not for the preceding sentence, be subject to this section, the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe what hours shall be deemed to be hours of work and what hours of work shall be deemed to be overtime hours for the purpose of such section 7 so as to ensure that no employee receives less pay by reason of the preceding sentence.

(d) In applying subsection (a) of this section with respect to any criminal investigator who is paid availability pay under section 5545a—

(1) such investigator shall be compensated under such subsection (a), at the rates there provided, for overtime work which is scheduled in advance of the administrative workweek—

(A) in excess of 10 hours on a day during such investigator's basic 40 hour workweek; or

(B) on a day outside such investigator's basic 40 hour workweek; and

(2) such investigator shall be compensated for all other overtime work under section 5545a.

(e) Notwithstanding subsection (d)(1) of this section, all hours of overtime work scheduled in advance of the administrative workweek shall be compensated under subsection (a) if that work involves duties as authorized by section 3056(a) of title 18 or section 37(a)(3) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, and if the investigator performs, on that same day, at least 2 hours of overtime work not scheduled in advance of the administrative workweek.

(f) In applying subsection (a) of this section with respect to a firefighter who is subject to section 5545b—

(1) such subsection shall be deemed to apply to hours of work officially ordered or approved in excess of 106 hours in a biweekly pay period, or, if the agency establishes a weekly basis for overtime pay computation, in excess of 53 hours in an administrative workweek; and

(2) the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to one and one-half times the hourly rate of basic pay under section 5545b(b)(1)(A) or (c)(1)(B), as applicable, and such overtime hourly rate of pay may not be less than such hourly rate of basic pay in applying the limitation on the overtime rate provided in paragraph (2) of such subsection (a).

(g) In applying subsection (a) with respect to a border patrol agent covered by section 5550, the following rules apply:

(1) Notwithstanding the matter preceding paragraph (1) in subsection (a), for a border patrol agent who is assigned to the level 1 border patrol rate of pay under section 5550—

(A) hours of work in excess of 100 hours during a 14-day biweekly pay period shall be overtime work; and

(B) the border patrol agent—

(i) shall receive pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay (as determined in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a)) for hours of overtime work that are officially ordered or approved in advance of the workweek; and

(ii) except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), shall receive compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent performing overtime work that is not overtime work described in clause (i).

(2) Notwithstanding the matter preceding paragraph (1) in subsection (a), for a border patrol agent who is assigned to the level 2 border patrol rate of pay under section 5550—

(A) hours of work in excess of 90 hours during a 14-day biweekly pay period shall be overtime work; and

(B) the border patrol agent—

(i) shall receive pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay (as determined in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a)) for hours of overtime work that are officially ordered or approved in advance of the workweek; and

(ii) except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), shall receive compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent performing overtime work that is not overtime work described in clause (i).

(3) Notwithstanding the matter preceding paragraph (1) in subsection (a), for a border patrol agent who is assigned to the basic border patrol rate of pay under section 5550—

(A) hours of work in excess of 80 hours during a 14-day biweekly pay period shall be overtime work; and

(B) the border patrol agent—

(i) shall receive pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay (as determined in accordance with paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a)) for hours of overtime work that are officially ordered or approved in advance of the workweek; and

(ii) except as provided in paragraphs (4) and (5), shall receive compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent performing overtime work that is not overtime work described in clause (i).

(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), during a 14-day biweekly pay period, a border patrol agent may not earn compensatory time off for more than 10 hours of overtime work.

(B) U.S. Customs and Border Protection may, as it determines appropriate, waive the limitation under subparagraph (A) for an individual border patrol agent for hours of irregular or occasional overtime work, but such waiver must be approved in writing in advance of the performance of any such work for which compensatory time off is earned under paragraph (1)(B)(ii), (2)(B)(ii), or (3)(B)(ii). If a waiver request by a border patrol agent is denied, the border patrol agent may not be ordered to perform the associated overtime work.

(5) A border patrol agent—

(A) may not earn more than 240 hours of compensatory time off during a leave year;

(B) shall use any hours of compensatory time off not later than the end of the 26th pay period after the pay period during which the compensatory time off was earned;

(C) shall be required to use 1 hour of compensatory time off for each hour of regular time not worked for which the border patrol agent is not on paid leave or other paid time off or does not substitute time in accordance with section 5550(f);

(D) shall forfeit any compensatory time off not used in accordance with this paragraph and, regardless of circumstances, shall not be entitled to any cash value for compensatory time earned under section 5550;

(E) shall not receive credit towards the computation of the annuity of the border patrol agent for compensatory time, whether used or not; and

(F) shall not be credited with compensatory time off if the value of such time off would cause the aggregate premium pay of the border patrol agent to exceed the limitation established under section 5547 in the period in which it was earned.

(h)(1)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or section 5545b, any hours worked by a firefighter under a qualified trade-of-time arrangement shall be disregarded for purposes of any determination relating to eligibility for, or the amount of, any overtime pay under this section, including overtime pay under the Fair Labor Standards Act in accordance with subsection (c).

(B) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management—

(i) shall identify the situations in which a firefighter shall be deemed to have worked hours actually worked by a substituting firefighter under a qualified trade-of-time arrangement; and

(ii) may adopt necessary policies governing the treatment of both a substituting and substituted firefighter under a qualified trade-of-time arrangement, without regard to how those firefighters would otherwise be treated under other provisions of law or regulation.

(2) In this subsection—

(A) the term "firefighter" means an employee—

(i) the work schedule of whom includes 24-hour duty shifts; and

(ii) who—

(I) is a firefighter, as defined in section 8331(21) or 8401(14);

(II) in the case of an employee who holds a supervisory or administrative position and is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83, but who does not qualify to be considered a firefighter within the meaning of section 8331(21), would so qualify if such employee had transferred directly to such position after serving as a firefighter within the meaning of such section;

(III) in the case of an employee who holds a supervisory or administrative position and is subject to chapter 84, but who does not qualify to be considered a firefighter within the meaning of section 8401(14), would so qualify if such employee had transferred directly to such position after performing duties described in section 8401(14)(A) and (B) for at least 3 years; and

(IV) in the case of an employee who is not subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84, holds a position that the Office of Personnel Management determines would satisfy subclause (I), (II), or (III) if the employee were subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84; and

(B) the term "qualified trade-of-time arrangement" means an arrangement under which 2 firefighters who are subject to the supervision of the same fire chief agree, solely at their option and with the approval of the employing agency, to substitute for one another during scheduled work hours in the performance of work in the same capacity.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 485; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(24), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §222(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 90–556, §1, Oct. 10, 1968, 82 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 92–194, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 648; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(c) [title III, §322], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1874; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E), title II, §210(1), title IV, §410(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1460, 1468; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(41), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352; Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 104–52, title V, §531, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title IV, §407(c)(2)], (h) [title VI, §628(a)(1)], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2316(c)(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–102, 2681–480, 2681–519, 2681–829; Pub. L. 106–558, §2(a), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2776; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1121, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XI, §1105(a), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4383; Pub. L. 113–277, §2(c)(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3002; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XI, §1106(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3526; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1103, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1022; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1108, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2449; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XI, §1109, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1631; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1103, Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2001; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1113, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3894; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §§1108, 1110, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1951, 1952.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 911. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §201, 59 Stat. 296. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §203, 68 Stat. 1109. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 912a. 5 U.S.C. 912b. |
Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §205(b), 68 Stat. 1110. |


In subsection (a)(1), and (2), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. References to the "Classification Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b), former sections 912a and 912b are combined and restated.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5542(a) | 5 App.: 911. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §404(a), 80 Stat. 297. |


The words "of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as unnecessary.

GS–10 and GS–14, referred to in subsec. (a), are contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (a)(6)(A), is act June 25, 1938, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§201 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 201 of Title 29 and Tables.

Section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 207 of Title 29, Labor.

Section 37(a)(3) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (e), is classified to section 2709(a)(3) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Fair Labor Standards Act, referred to in subsec. (h)(1)(A), probably means the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, act June 25, 1938, ch. 676, 52 Stat. 1060, which is classified generally to chapter 8 (§201 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 201 of Title 29 and Tables.

**2021**—Subsec. (a)(6)(A). Pub. L. 117–81, §1108, inserted "outside the United States" after "temporary duty" and "of 1938" after "Fair Labor Standards Act" and substituted "naval vessels" for "the nuclear aircraft carrier that is forward deployed in Japan" and "the employee shall be coded and paid overtime as if the employee's exemption status under that Act is the same as it is at the employee's permanent duty station." for "the overtime hourly rate of pay is an amount equal to one and one-half times the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee, and all that amount is premium pay."

Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted "September 30, 2026" for "September 30, 2021".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 117–81, §1110, added subsec. (h).

**2018**—Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "September 30, 2021" for "September 30, 2019".

**2017**—Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "September 30, 2019" for "September 30, 2018".

**2016**—Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 114–328 substituted "September 30, 2018" for "September 30, 2017".

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted "September 30, 2017" for "September 30, 2015".

**2014**—Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "2015" for "2014".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 113–277 added subsec. (g).

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 111–383 added par. (6).

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 inserted "the greater of" before "one and one-half" and "or the hourly rate of basic pay of the employee" before ", and all that amount".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 106–558 added par. (5).

**1998**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(b) [title IV, §407(c)(2)] and §2316(c)(2), amended subsec. (e) identically, substituting "title 18 or section 37(a)(3) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956," for "title 18, United States Code,".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(h) [title VI, §628(a)(1)], added subsec. (f).

**1995**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–52 added subsec. (e).

**1994**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–329 added subsec. (d).

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(41)(A), substituted "officer," for "officer (within the meaning of section 8331(20) or 8401(17))," and realigned margin of closing provision.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(41)(B), amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "In the case of an employee who would, were it not for the preceding sentence, be subject to this section, hours of work in excess of 8 hours in a day shall be deemed to be overtime hours for the purposes of such section 7 and hours in a paid nonwork status shall be deemed to be hours of work."

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E)], inserted "(including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law)" after "GS–10" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §410(a)], added par. (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §210(1)], added subsec. (c).

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 98–473 inserted ", including travel by an employee to such an event and the return of such employee from such event to his or her official-duty station".

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–194 substituted "For full-time, part-time and intermittent tours of duty, hours" for "Hours".

**1968**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 90–556 added par. (3).

**1967**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 90–206 designated existing provisions as cls. (i) and (iii) and added cls. (ii) and (iv).

Pub. L. 113–277, §2(i), as added by Pub. L. 114–13, §1(a), May 19, 2015, 129 Stat. 197, provided that: "Subsections (b), (c), (d), and (g) [enacting section 5550 of this title, amending this section and sections 5547 and 8331 of this title and section 213 of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5550 of this title], and the amendments made by such subsections, shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after January 1, 2016, except that—

"(1) any provision in section 5550(b) of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (b), relating to administering elections and making advance assignments to a regular tour of duty shall be applicable before such effective date to the extent determined necessary by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and

"(2) the Director may issue regulations as necessary prior to such effective date."

[Pub. L. 114–13, §1(b), May 19, 2015, 129 Stat. 197, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out above] shall be deemed to have been enacted on the date of enactment of the Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014 (Public Law 113–277) [approved Dec. 18, 2014]."]

Pub. L. 106–558, §2(b), Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2777, as amended by Pub. L. 107–20, title II, §2605, July 24, 2001, 115 Stat. 178, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000]."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title IV, §407(d)], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2316(d), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–102, 2681–829, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5545a of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period—

"(1) which begins on or after the 90th day following the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998]; and

"(2) on which date all regulations necessary to carry out such amendments are (in the judgment of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the Secretary of State) in effect." [Jan. 29, 1999, see 64 F.R. 4517.]

Amendment by section 101(h) [title VI, §628(a)(1)] of Pub. L. 105–277 effective on first day of first applicable pay period which begins on or after Oct. 1, 1998, see section 101(h) [title VI, §628(e)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–329 effective first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 30th day following Sept. 30, 1994, with exceptions relating to criminal investigators employed in Offices of Inspectors General, see section 633(e) of Pub. L. 103–329, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective as of first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(b)(9) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by section 529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E), title II, §210(1)] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–556, §3, Oct. 10, 1968, 82 Stat. 969, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 5545 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the thirtieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1968]."

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §220(a)(4), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 639, provided that, except as otherwise expressly provided: "Sections 222 [enacting section 5733 of this title and amending this section, section 5544 of this title, section 3571 of Title 39, The Postal Service], and 223 [enacting section 5345 of this title] shall become effective thirty days after the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 16, 1967]."

Pub. L. 113–277, §2(h), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3005, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall promulgate regulations to carry out this Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as a Short Title of 2014 Amendment note under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act."

Pub. L. 113–277, §2(f), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3004, provided that: "Nothing in this section [enacting section 5550 of this title, amending this section and sections 5547 and 8331 of this title and section 213 of Title 29, Labor, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 5550 of this title] or the amendments made by this section shall be construed to—

"(1) limit the right of U.S. Customs and Border Protection to assign both scheduled and unscheduled work to a border patrol agent based on the needs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in excess of the hours of work normally applicable under the election of the border patrol agent, regardless of what the border patrol agent might otherwise have elected;

"(2) require compensation of a border patrol agent other than for hours during which the border patrol agent is actually performing work or using approved paid leave or other paid time off; or

"(3) exempt a border patrol agent from any limitations on pay, earnings, or compensation, including the limitations under section 5547 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 113–277, §2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2995, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) to strengthen U.S. Customs and Border Protection and ensure that border patrol agents are sufficiently ready to conduct necessary work and will perform overtime hours in excess of a 40-hour workweek based on the needs of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; and

"(2) to ensure U.S. Customs and Border Protection has the flexibility to cover shift changes and retains the right to assign scheduled and unscheduled work for mission requirements and planning based on operational need."

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

(a) The head of an agency may—

(1) on request of an employee, grant the employee compensatory time off from his scheduled tour of duty instead of payment under section 5542 or section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 for an equal amount of time spent in irregular or occasional overtime work; and

(2) provide that an employee whose rate of basic pay is in excess of the maximum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law) shall be granted compensatory time off from his scheduled tour of duty equal to the amount of time spent in irregular or occasional overtime work instead of being paid for that work under section 5542 of this title.

(b) The head of an agency may, on request of an employee, grant the employee compensatory time off from the employee's scheduled tour of duty instead of payment under section 5544 or section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 for an equal amount of time spent in irregular or occasional overtime work. An agency head may not require an employee to be compensated for overtime work with an equivalent amount of compensatory time-off from the employee's tour of duty.

(c) The Architect of the Capitol may grant an employee paid on an annual basis compensatory time off from duty instead of overtime pay for overtime work.

(d)(1) The appropriate Secretary may, on request of an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c), grant such employee compensatory time off from duty instead of overtime pay for overtime work.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term "appropriate Secretary" means—

(A) with respect to an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense, the Secretary of Defense; and

(B) with respect to an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Coast Guard, the Secretary of the Executive department in which it is operating.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 486; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(25), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E), title II, §210(2)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1460; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1610(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2738; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title VI, §674, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3319.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 912. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §202, 59 Stat. 297. May 24, 1946, ch. 270, §9, 60 Stat. 218. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §204, 68 Stat. 1109. |


In subsection (a), the words "head of an agency" are substituted for "head of any department, independent establishment, or agency, including Government-owned or controlled corporations, or of the municipal government of the District of Columbia, or the head of any legislative or judicial agency to which this subchapter applies" because of the definition of "agency" and the application stated in section 5541.

In subsection (a)(1), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee".

In subsection (a)(2), the words "at his own discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. Reference to the "Classification Act of 1949, as amended" is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b), the words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority. The words "overtime work" are substituted for "any work in excess of forty hours in any regularly scheduled administrative workweek" because of the definition of "overtime work" in section 5542(a).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5543(a)(2) | 5 App.: 912. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §404(b), 80 Stat. 297. |


Section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), is classified to section 207 of Title 29, Labor.

GS–10, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2006**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–163 added subsec. (d).

**1996**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §210(2)], inserted "under section 5542 or section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938" after "payment".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E)], inserted "(including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law)" after "GS–10".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) An employee whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time to time in accordance with prevailing rates under section 5343 or 5349 of this title, or by a wage board or similar administrative authority serving the same purpose, is entitled to overtime pay for overtime work in excess of 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week. However, an employee subject to this subsection who regularly is required to remain at or within the confines of his post of duty in excess of 8 hours a day in a standby or on-call status is entitled to overtime pay only for hours of duty, exclusive of eating and sleeping time, in excess of 40 a week. The overtime hourly rate of pay is computed as follows:

(1) If the basic rate of pay of the employee is fixed on a basis other than an annual or monthly basis, multiply the basic hourly rate of pay by not less than one and one-half.

(2) If the basic rate of pay of the employee is fixed on an annual basis, divide the basic annual rate of pay by 2,087, and multiply the quotient by one and one-half.

(3) If the basic rate of pay of the employee is fixed on a monthly basis, multiply the basic monthly rate of pay by 12 to derive a basic annual rate of pay, divide the basic annual rate of pay by 2,087, and multiply the quotient by one and one-half.

An employee subject to this subsection whose regular work schedule includes an 8-hour period of service a part of which is on Sunday is entitled to additional pay at the rate of 25 percent of his hourly rate of basic pay for each hour of work performed during that 8-hour period of service. For employees serving outside the United States in areas where Sunday is a routine workday and another day of the week is officially recognized as the day of rest and worship, the Secretary of State may designate the officially recognized day of rest and worship as the day with respect to which the preceding sentence shall apply instead of Sunday. Time spent in a travel status away from the official duty station of an employee subject to this subsection is not hours of work unless the travel (i) involves the performance of work while traveling, (ii) is incident to travel that involves the performance of work while traveling, (iii) is carried out under arduous conditions, or (iv) results from an event which could not be scheduled or controlled administratively (including travel by the employee to such event and the return of the employee from such event to the employee's official duty station). The first and third sentences of this subsection shall not be applicable to an employee who is subject to the overtime pay provisions of section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. In the case of an employee who would, were it not for the preceding sentence, be subject to the first and third sentences of this subsection, the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe what hours shall be deemed to be hours of work and what hours of work shall be deemed to be overtime hours for the purpose of such section 7 so as to ensure that no employee receives less pay by reason of the preceding sentence.

(b) An employee under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol who is paid on a daily or hourly basis and who is not subject to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title is entitled to overtime pay for overtime work in accordance with subsection (a) of this section. The overtime hourly rate of pay is computed in accordance with subsection (a)(1) of this section.

(c) The provisions of this section, including the last two sentences of subsection (a) and the provisions of section 5543(b), shall apply to a prevailing rate employee described in section 5342(a)(2)(B).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 486; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(26)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §222(d), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641; Pub. L. 92–392, §5, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §210(3)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1460; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(42), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1610(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2738; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2317(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–829; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1110, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 673c (2d proviso). | Mar. 28, 1934, ch. 102, §23 (proviso), 48 Stat. 522. |

Aug. 13, 1962, Pub. L. 87–581, §201 (2d proviso), 76 Stat. 360. | ||

5 U.S.C. 913. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §203, 59 Stat. 297. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §205(a), 68 Stat. 1109. |
|

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 933 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 673c). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §503 (as applicable to §23 of the Act of Mar. 28, 1934, ch. 102, 48 Stat. 522, as amended), 59 Stat. 301. |


In subsection (a), former sections 673c (2d proviso) and 913 are combined and restated for clarity and conciseness. The last 28 words of section 205(a) of the Act of Sept. 1, 1954, 68 Stat. 1109, are omitted as executed and covered by technical section 8.

Subsection (b) is restated to conform to subsection (a). In former section 933, the words "Classification Act of 1949" were substituted for "Classification Act of 1923" on authority of section 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 972.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5544(a) | 5 App.: 673c (last proviso of 1st par.). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §405(f), 80 Stat. 298. |


The words "a part of which is on Sunday" are coextensive with and substituted for "any part of which is within the period commencing at midnight Saturday and ending at midnight Sunday." The words "is entitled to additional pay" are coextensive with and substituted for "shall be paid extra compensation."

Section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 207 of Title 29, Labor.

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–181, in third sentence of concluding provisions, substituted "administratively (including travel by the employee to such event and the return of the employee from such event to the employee's official duty station)." for "administratively."

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, which directed the amendment of subsec. (a) by inserting after the fourth sentence "For employees serving outside the United States in areas where Sunday is a routine workday and another day of the week is officially recognized as the day of rest and worship, the Secretary of State may designate the officially recognized day of rest and worship as the day with respect to which the preceding sentence shall apply instead of Sunday.", was executed by making the insertion after the first sentence of the concluding provisions, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201 inserted "and the provisions of section 5543(b)" after "the last two sentences of subsection (a)".

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(42)(B), amended last two sentences generally. Prior to amendment, last two sentences read as follows: "This section, other than the sixth sentence, shall not be applicable to an employee who is subject to the overtime pay provisions of section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. In the case of an employee who would, were it not for the preceding sentence, be subject to this section, hours of work in excess of 8 hours in a day shall be deemed to be overtime hours for the purposes of such section 7 and hours in a paid nonwork status shall be deemed to be hours of work."

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(42)(A), substituted "2,087" for "2,080".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(42)(C), added subsec. (c).

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509 inserted at end "This section, other than the sixth sentence, shall not be applicable to an employee who is subject to the overtime pay provisions of section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. In the case of an employee who would, were it not for the preceding sentence, be subject to this section, hours of work in excess of 8 hours in a day shall be deemed to be overtime hours for the purposes of such section 7 and hours in a paid nonwork status shall be deemed to be hours of work."

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–392 substituted "pay" for "basic pay" and provided for determination of pay under section 5343 or 5349 of this title.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–206 provided that time spent in a travel status away from the official duty station could not qualify as hours of work unless the travel involved the performance of work while traveling, was incident to travel involving the performance of work while traveling, carried out under arduous conditions, or resulting from an event which could not be scheduled or controlled administratively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective as of first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(b)(9) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective thirty days after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title.

Pub. L. 85–550, §17(3), July 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 411, provided that nothing in Pub. L. 85–550, which related to wage and employment practices of the Government of the United States in the Canal Zone, should affect the applicability of former sections 673c and 913 of this title [covered by this section] to those classes of employees, within the scope of former sections 673c and 913 of this title [covered by this section] on July 25, 1958.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, nightwork is regularly scheduled work between the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., and includes—

(1) periods of absence with pay during these hours due to holidays; and

(2) periods of leave with pay during these hours if the periods of leave with pay during a pay period total less than 8 hours.

Except as otherwise provided by subsection (c) of this section, an employee is entitled to pay for nightwork at his rate of basic pay plus premium pay amounting to 10 percent of that basic rate. This subsection and subsection (b) of this section do not modify section 5141 of title 31, or other statute authorizing additional pay for nightwork.

(b) The head of an agency may designate a time after 6:00 p.m. and a time before 6:00 a.m. as the beginning and end, respectively, of nightwork for the purpose of subsection (a) of this section, at a post outside the United States where the customary hours of business extend into the hours of nightwork provided by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) The head of an agency, with the approval of the Office of Personnel Management, may provide that—

(1) an employee in a position requiring him regularly to remain at, or within the confines of, his station during longer than ordinary periods of duty, a substantial part of which consists of remaining in a standby status rather than performing work, shall receive premium pay for this duty on an annual basis instead of premium pay provided by other provisions of this subchapter, except for irregular, unscheduled overtime duty in excess of his regularly scheduled weekly tour. Premium pay under this paragraph is determined as an appropriate percentage, not in excess of 25 percent, of such part of the rate of basic pay for the position as does not exceed the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law) (or, for a position described in section 5542(a)(3) of this title, of the basic pay of the position), by taking into consideration the number of hours of actual work required in the position, the number of hours required in a standby status at or within the confines of the station, the extent to which the duties of the position are made more onerous by night, Sunday, or holiday work, or by being extended over periods of more than 40 hours a week, and other relevant factors; or

(2) an employee in a position in which the hours of duty cannot be controlled administratively, and which requires substantial amounts of irregular, unscheduled overtime duty with the employee generally being responsible for recognizing, without supervision, circumstances which require the employee to remain on duty, shall receive premium pay for this duty on an annual basis instead of premium pay provided by other provisions of this subchapter, except for regularly scheduled overtime, night, and Sunday duty, and for holiday duty. Premium pay under this paragraph is an appropriate percentage, not less than 10 percent nor more than 25 percent, of the rate of basic pay for the position, as determined by taking into consideration the frequency and duration of irregular, unscheduled overtime duty required in the position.

(d) The Office shall establish a schedule or schedules of pay differentials for duty involving unusual physical hardship or hazard, and for any hardship or hazard related to asbestos, such differentials shall be determined by applying occupational safety and health standards consistent with the permissible exposure limit promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. Under such regulations as the Office may prescribe, and for such minimum periods as it determines appropriate, an employee to whom chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title applies is entitled to be paid the appropriate differential for any period in which he is subjected to physical hardship or hazard not usually involved in carrying out the duties of his position. However, the pay differential—

(1) does not apply to an employee in a position the classification of which takes into account the degree of physical hardship or hazard involved in the performance of the duties thereof, except—

(A) an employee in an occupational series covering positions for which the primary duties involve the prevention, control, suppression, or management of wildland fires, as determined by the Office; and

(B) in such other circumstances as the Office may by regulation prescribe; and

(2) may not exceed an amount equal to 25 percent of the rate of basic pay applicable to the employee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 487; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(27), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §217, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 638; Pub. L. 90–556, §2, Oct. 10, 1968, 82 Stat. 969; Pub. L. 91–231, §8, Apr. 15, 1970, 84 Stat. 198; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(23), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(32), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(13), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 101–173, §1(a), Nov. 27, 1989, 103 Stat. 1292; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E), title II, §203], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1439, 1456; Pub. L. 102–378, §3(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1122(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1637; Pub. L. 117–58, div. D, title VIII, §40803(d)(2), Nov. 15, 2021, 135 Stat. 1100.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 921. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §301, 59 Stat. 298. May 24, 1946, ch. 270, §10, 60 Stat. 218. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §206, 68 Stat. 1110. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 926. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §208(a), 68 Stat. 1111. July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–525, 72 Stat. 363. |


In subsection (b), the words "head of an agency" are substituted for "head of any department, independent establishment, or agency, including Government-owned or controlled corporations" because of the definition of "agency" and the application stated in section 5541. The words "the United States" are substituted for "the several States and the District of Columbia".

In subsection (c), the words "head of an agency" are substituted for "head of any department, independent establishment, or agency, including Government-owned or controlled corporations, or of the municipal government of the District of Columbia" because of the definition of "agency" and the application stated in section 5541. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. Reference to the "Classification Act of 1949, as amended" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5545(c) | 5 App.: 926. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504 §§404(c), 405(d), (e), 80 Stat. 297, 298. |

5545(d) | 5 App.: 1134. | July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–512, §1, 80 Stat. 318. |


In the second sentence of subsection (d), the words "Under such regulations as the Commission may prescribe, and for such minimum periods as it determines appropriate" are substituted for clauses (3) and (4) of the third sentence of 5 App. U.S.C. 1134. That requirement in clause (4) that the Commission prescribe regulations is codified in 5 U.S.C. 5548(b) by section 1 (32) of this bill. The words "an employee to whom chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title applies is entitled to be paid the appropriate differential" are substituted for "The appropriate differential shall be paid to any officer or employee to whom this Act applies" to reflect the codification of that act (Classification Act of 1949) in title 5, United States Code, and to conform with the definitions applicable.

In subsection (d)(1), the words "does not apply to an employee" are substituted for "shall not be applicable with respect to any officer or employee."

In subsection (d)(2), the words "may not . . . applicable to the employee" are substituted for "shall not . . . applicable with respect to such officer or employee".

GS–10, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 91–596, Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1590, which is classified principally to chapter 15 (§651 et seq.) of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 651 of Title 29 and Tables.

**2021**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 117–58 substituted "except—" and subpars. (A) and (B) for "except in such circumstances as the Office may by regulation prescribe; and".

**2003**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–136 inserted before period at end of first sentence ", and for any hardship or hazard related to asbestos, such differentials shall be determined by applying occupational safety and health standards consistent with the permissible exposure limit promulgated by the Secretary of Labor under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970".

**1992**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–378 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §203]. See 1990 Amendment note below.

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title I, §101(b)(3)(E)], inserted "(including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law)" after "GS–10".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §203], as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, struck out "irregular or intermittent" before "duty involving unusual" in first sentence and inserted ", except in such circumstances as the Office may by regulation prescribe" after "thereof" in par. (1).

**1989**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 101–173 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "an employee in a position in which the hours of duty cannot be controlled administratively, and which requires substantial amounts of irregular, unscheduled, overtime duty with the employee generally being responsible for recognizing, without supervision, circumstances which require him to remain on duty, shall receive premium pay for this duty on an annual basis instead of premium pay provided by other provisions of this subchapter, except for regularly scheduled overtime, night, and Sunday duty, and for holiday duty. Premium pay under this paragraph is determined as an appropriate percentage, not less than 10 percent nor more than 25 percent, of such part of the rate of basic pay for the position as does not exceed the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–10, by taking into consideration the frequency and duration of irregular unscheduled overtime duty required in the position."

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 5141" for "section 180".

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "percent" for "per centum" wherever appearing.

**1978**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183 struck out "Sunday," after "Night," in section catchline.

**1970**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–231 corrected the system of premium compensation of employees whose work schedules cannot be administratively controlled by providing for separate treatment for irregular, unscheduled, and overtime duty on one hand and for duty at night, on Sundays, and on holidays on the other.

**1968**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 90–556 inserted "(or, for a position described in section 5542(a)(3) of this title, of the basic pay of the position)" after "GS–10".

**1967**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 90–206 substituted "not less than 10 percent nor more than 25 percent" for "not in excess of 15 percent".

Subject to any vested constitutional property rights, any administrative or judicial determination after Nov. 24, 2003, concerning backpay for a differential established under subsec. (d) of this section to be based on occupational safety and health standards described in the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of section 1122 of Pub. L. 108–136, amending this section and section 5343 of this title, see section 1122(c) of Pub. L. 108–136, set out as a note under section 5343 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–173, §1(b), Nov. 27, 1989, 103 Stat. 1292, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to overtime duty performed on or after the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning after September 30, 1990."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–231 effective Apr. 15, 1970, see section 9(b) of Pub. L. 91–231, formerly set out in a 1970 Increase in Pay Rates note under section 5332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–556 effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after thirtieth day after Oct. 10, 1968, see section 3 of Pub. L. 90–556, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective at beginning of first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(3) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 603 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

For provisions relating to rates of wages to be paid to laborers and mechanics on projects for construction, alteration, or repair work funded under div. D or an amendment by div. D of Pub. L. 117–58, including authority of Secretary of Labor, see section 18851 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

(a) For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "available" refers to the availability of a criminal investigator and means that an investigator shall be considered generally and reasonably accessible by the agency employing such investigator to perform unscheduled duty based on the needs of an agency;

(2) the term "criminal investigator" means a law enforcement officer as defined under section 5541(3) (other than an officer occupying a position under title II of Public Law 99–399, subject to subsection (k)) who is required to—

(A) possess a knowledge of investigative techniques, laws of evidence, rules of criminal procedure, and precedent court decisions concerning admissibility of evidence, constitutional rights, search and seizure, and related issues;

(B) recognize, develop, and present evidence that reconstructs events, sequences and time elements for presentation in various legal hearings and court proceedings;

(C) demonstrate skills in applying surveillance techniques, undercover work, and advising and assisting the United States Attorney in and out of court;

(D) demonstrate the ability to apply the full range of knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for cases which are complex and unfold over a long period of time (as distinguished from certain other occupations that require the use of some investigative techniques in short-term situations that may end in arrest or detention);

(E) possess knowledge of criminal laws and Federal rules of procedure which apply to cases involving crimes against the United States, including—

(i) knowledge of the elements of a crime;

(ii) evidence required to prove the crime;

(iii) decisions involving arrest authority;

(iv) methods of criminal operations; and

(v) availability of detection devices; and

(F) possess the ability to follow leads that indicate a crime will be committed rather than initiate an investigation after a crime is committed;

(3) the term "unscheduled duty" means hours of duty a criminal investigator works, or is determined to be available for work, that are not—

(A) part of the 40 hours in the basic work week of the investigator; or

(B) overtime hours paid under section 5542; and

(4) the term "regular work day" means each day in the investigator's basic work week during which the investigator works at least 4 hours that are not overtime hours paid under section 5542 or hours considered part of section 5545a.

(b) The purpose of this section is to provide premium pay to criminal investigators to ensure the availability of criminal investigators for unscheduled duty in excess of a 40 hour work week based on the needs of the employing agency.

(c) Each criminal investigator shall be paid availability pay as provided under this section. Availability pay shall be paid to ensure the availability of the investigator for unscheduled duty. The investigator is generally responsible for recognizing, without supervision, circumstances which require the investigator to be on duty or be available for unscheduled duty based on the needs of the agency. Availability pay provided to a criminal investigator for such unscheduled duty shall be paid instead of premium pay provided by other provisions of this subchapter, except premium pay for regularly scheduled overtime work as provided under section 5542, night duty, Sunday duty, and holiday duty.

(d)(1) A criminal investigator shall be paid availability pay, if the average of hours described under paragraph (2)(A) and (B) is equal to or greater than 2 hours.

(2) The hours referred to under paragraph (1) are—

(A) the annual average of unscheduled duty hours worked by the investigator in excess of each regular work day; and

(B) the annual average of unscheduled duty hours such investigator is available to work on each regular work day upon request of the employing agency.

(3) Unscheduled duty hours which are worked by an investigator on days that are not regular work days shall be considered in the calculation of the annual average of unscheduled duty hours worked or available for purposes of certification.

(4) An investigator shall be considered to be available when the investigator cannot reasonably and generally be accessible due to a status or assignment which is the result of an agency direction, order, or approval as provided under subsection (f)(1).

(e)(1) Each criminal investigator receiving availability pay under this section and the appropriate supervisory officer, to be designated by the head of the agency, shall make an annual certification to the head of the agency that the investigator has met, and is expected to meet, the requirements of subsection (d). The head of a law enforcement agency may prescribe regulations necessary to administer this subsection.

(2) Involuntary reduction in pay resulting from a denial of certification under paragraph (1) shall be a reduction in pay for purposes of section 7512(4) of this title.

(f)(1) A criminal investigator who is eligible for availability pay shall receive such pay during any period such investigator is—

(A) attending agency sanctioned training;

(B) on agency approved sick leave or annual leave;

(C) on agency ordered travel status; or

(D) on excused absence with pay for relocation purposes.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A), agencies or departments may provide availability pay to investigators during training which is considered initial, basic training usually provided in the first year of service.

(3) Agencies or departments may provide availability pay to investigators when on excused absence with pay, except as provided in paragraph (1)(D).

(g) Section 5545(c) shall not apply to any criminal investigator who is paid availability pay under this section.

(h) Availability pay under this section shall be—

(1) 25 percent of the rate of basic pay for the position; and

(2) treated as part of the basic pay for purposes of—

(A) sections 5595(c), 8114(e), 8331(3), and 8704(c); and

(B) such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe.

(i) The provisions of subsections (a)–(h) providing for availability pay shall apply to any employee of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Air and Marine Operations, or any successor organization, who is a law enforcement officer as defined under section 5541(3). For the purpose of this section, section 5542(d) of this title, and section 13(a)(16) and (b)(30) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 213(a)(16) and (b)(30)), such employee shall be deemed to be a criminal investigator as defined in this section. The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

(j) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any Office of Inspector General which employs fewer than 5 criminal investigators may elect not to cover such criminal investigators under this section.

(k)(1) For purposes of this section, the term "criminal investigator" includes a special agent occupying a position under title II of Public Law 99–399 if such special agent—

(A) meets the definition of such term under paragraph (2) of subsection (a) (applied disregarding the parenthetical matter before subparagraph (A) thereof); and

(B) such special agent satisfies the requirements of subsection (d) without taking into account any hours described in paragraph (2)(B) thereof.

(2) In applying subsection (h) with respect to a special agent under this subsection—

(A) any reference in such subsection to "basic pay" shall be considered to include amounts designated as "salary";

(B) paragraph (2)(A) of such subsection shall be considered to include (in addition to the provisions of law specified therein) sections 609(b)(1), 805, 806, and 856 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980; and

(C) paragraph (2)(B) of such subsection shall be applied by substituting for "Office of Personnel Management" the following: "Office of Personnel Management or the Secretary of State (to the extent that matters exclusively within the jurisdiction of the Secretary are concerned)".

(Added Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2425; amended Pub. L. 104–19, title I, §§901, 902(a), July 27, 1995, 109 Stat. 230; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §206(b)(2)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title IV, §407(a), (c)(1)], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2316(a), (c)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–101, 2681–102, 2681–828; Pub. L. 114–250, §1(a), Dec. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 1001.)

Title II of Public Law 99–399, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (k)(1), is title II of Pub. L. 99–399, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 858, which is classified generally to subchapter II (§4821 et seq.) of chapter 58 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4801 of Title 22 and Tables.

Sections 609(b)(1), 805, 806, and 856 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (k)(2)(B), are classified to sections 4009(b)(1), 4045, 4046, and 4071e, respectively, of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2016**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–250 substituted "apply to any employee of the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Air and Marine Operations, or any successor organization," for "apply to a pilot employed by the United States Customs Service" and "such employee" for "such pilot".

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(b) [title IV, §407(c)(1)] and §2316(c)(1), amended subsec. (a)(2) identically, substituting "Public Law 99–399, subject to subsection (k))" for "Public Law 99–399)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(b) [title IV, §407(a)] and §2316(a), amended section identically, adding subsec. (k).

**1996**—Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 104–208 struck out "8431," after "8331(3),".

**1995**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–19, §901(1)(A), inserted "who" before "is required to" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2)(E)(v). Pub. L. 104–19, §901(1)(B), inserted "and" at end.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–19, §902(a), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–19, §901(2), added subsec. (j).

Pub. L. 114–250, §1(b), Dec. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 1001, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date that is 14 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 8, 2016]."

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 105–277, see section 101(b) [title IV, §407(d)] and section 2316(d) of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–378, provided that: "This title [title II (§§201–207) of section 659 of section 101(f) of Pub. L. 104–208, amending this section and sections 8351, 8401, 8433, 8435, and 8440a to 8440c of this title, repealing section 8431 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8401 and 8433 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5343 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996] and withdrawals and elections as provided under the amendments made by this title shall be made at the earliest practicable date as determined by the Executive Director in regulations."

Pub. L. 104–19, title I, §902(b), July 27, 1995, 109 Stat. 230, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after the 30th day following the date of enactment of this Act [July 27, 1995]."

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(e), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2428, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending sections 5542 and 5547 of this title and section 213 of Title 29, Labor] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after the later of October 1, 1994, or the 30th day following the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1994], except that:

"(1) Criminal investigators, employed in Offices of Inspectors General, who are not receiving administratively uncontrollable overtime compensation or who are receiving such premium pay at a rate less than 25 percent prior to the date of enactment of this Act, may implement availability pay at any time prior to September 30, 1995, after which date availability pay as authorized under this section shall be provided to such criminal investigators.

"(2) Criminal investigators, employed by Offices of Inspectors General, who are receiving administratively uncontrollable overtime at a rate less than 25 percent, shall continue to receive this compensation at the same rate or higher until availability pay compensation is provided, which shall be no later than the last pay period ending on or before September 30, 1995."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title IV, §407(b)], div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2316(b), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–102, 2681–828, provided that: "Not later than the date on which the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 5542 of this title] take effect [see Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note set out above], each special agent of the Diplomatic Security Service who satisfies the requirements of subsection (k)(1) of section 5545a of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this section, and the appropriate supervisory officer, to be designated by the Secretary of State, shall make an initial certification to the Secretary of State that the special agent is expected to meet the requirements of subsection (d) of such section 5545a. The Secretary of State may prescribe procedures necessary to administer this subsection."

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(f), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2428, provided that: "Not later than the effective date of this section [see Effective Date note above], each criminal investigator under section 5545a of title 5, United States Code, as added by this section, and the appropriate supervisory officer, to be designated by the head of the agency, shall make an initial certification to the head of the agency that the criminal investigator is expected to meet the requirements of subsection (d) of such section 5545a. The head of a law enforcement agency may prescribe procedures necessary to administer this paragraph."

(a) This section applies to an employee whose position is classified in the firefighter occupation in conformance with the GS–081 standard published by the Office of Personnel Management, and whose normal work schedule, as in effect throughout the year, consists of regular tours of duty which average at least 106 hours per biweekly pay period.

(b)(1) If the regular tour of duty of a firefighter subject to this section generally consists of 24-hour shifts, rather than a basic 40-hour workweek (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management), section 5504(b) shall be applied as follows in computing pay—

(A) paragraph (1) of such section shall be deemed to require that the annual rate be divided by 2756 to derive the hourly rate; and

(B) the computation of such firefighter's daily, weekly, or biweekly rate shall be based on the hourly rate under subparagraph (A);

(2) For the purpose of sections 5595(c), 5941, 8331(3), and 8704(c), and for such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, the basic pay of a firefighter subject to this subsection shall include an amount equal to the firefighter's basic hourly rate (as computed under paragraph (1)(A)) for all hours in such firefighter's regular tour of duty (including overtime hours).

(c)(1) If the regular tour of duty of a firefighter subject to this section includes a basic 40-hour workweek (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management), section 5504(b) shall be applied as follows in computing pay—

(A) the provisions of such section shall apply to the hours within the basic 40-hour workweek;

(B) for hours outside the basic 40-hour workweek, such section shall be deemed to require that the hourly rate be derived by dividing the annual rate by 2756; and

(C) the computation of such firefighter's daily, weekly, or biweekly rate shall be based on subparagraphs (A) and (B), as each applies to the hours involved.

(2) For purposes of sections 5595(c), 5941, 8331(3), and 8704(c), and for such other purposes as may be expressly provided for by law or as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, the basic pay of a firefighter subject to this subsection shall include—

(A) an amount computed under paragraph (1)(A) for the hours within the basic 40-hour workweek; and

(B) an amount equal to the firefighter's basic hourly rate (as computed under paragraph (1)(B)) for all hours outside the basic 40-hour workweek that are within such firefighter's regular tour of duty (including overtime hours).

(d)(1) A firefighter who is subject to this section shall receive overtime pay in accordance with section 5542, but shall not receive premium pay provided by other provisions of this subchapter.

(2) For the purpose of applying section 7(k) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to a firefighter who is subject to this section, no violation referred to in such section 7(k) shall be deemed to have occurred if the requirements of section 5542(a) are met, applying section 5542(a) as provided in subsection (f) of that section: *Provided*, That the overtime hourly rate of pay for such firefighter shall in all cases be an amount equal to one and one-half times the firefighter's hourly rate of basic pay under subsection (b)(1)(A) or (c)(1)(B) of this section, as applicable.

(3) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, with respect to firefighters subject to this section, that would permit an agency to reduce or eliminate the variation in the amount of firefighters' biweekly pay caused by work scheduling cycles that result in varying hours in the regular tours of duty from pay period to pay period. Under such regulations, the pay that a firefighter would otherwise receive for regular tours of duty over the work scheduling cycle shall, to the extent practicable, remain unaffected.

(4) Notwithstanding section 8114(e)(1), overtime pay for a firefighter subject to this section for hours in a regular tour of duty shall be included in any computation of pay under section 8114.

(Added Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(a)(2)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–519; amended Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §641(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–169.)

Section 7(k) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is classified to section 207(k) of Title 29, Labor.

**2000**—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 106–554 added par. (4).

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §641(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–169, provided that: "The amendment in subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective as if it had been enacted as part of the Federal Firefighters Overtime Pay Reform Act of 1998 [Pub. L. 105–277, div A, §101(h) [title VI, §628]] (112 Stat. 2681–519)."

Section effective on first day of first applicable pay period which begins on or after Oct. 1, 1998, see section 101(h) [title VI, §628(e)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 4109 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(f)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521, provided that: "Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, a firefighter subject to section 5545b of title 5, United States Code, as added by this section, whose regular tours of duty average 60 hours or less per workweek and do not include a basic 40-hour workweek, shall, upon implementation of this section, be granted an increase in basic pay equal to 2 step-increases of the applicable General Schedule grade, and such increase shall not be an equivalent increase in pay. If such increase results in a change to a longer waiting period for the firefighter's next step increase, the firefighter shall be credited with an additional year of service for the purpose of such waiting period. If such increase results in a rate of basic pay which is above the maximum rate of the applicable grade, such resulting pay rate shall be treated as a retained rate of basic pay in accordance with section 5363 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 106–31, title III, §3032, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 104, provided that:

"(a) The treatment provided to firefighters under section 628(f) of the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act, 1999 (as included in section 101(h) of division A of the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1999 (Public Law 105–277)) [set out as a note above] shall be provided to any firefighter who—

"(1) on the effective date of section 5545b of title 5, United States Code [see Effective Date note above]—

"(A) was subject to such section; and

"(B) had a regular tour of duty that averaged more than 60 hours per week; and

"(2) before December 31, 1999, is involuntarily moved without a break in service from the regular tour of duty under paragraph (1) to a regular tour of duty that—

"(A) averages 60 hours or less per week; and

"(B) does not include a basic 40-hour workweek.

"(b) Subsection (a) shall apply to firefighters described under that subsection as of the effective date of section 5545b of title 5, United States Code.

"(c) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary to implement this section."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(g)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521, provided that: "Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the regular pay (over the established work scheduling cycle) of a firefighter subject to section 5545b of title 5, United States Code, as added by this section, shall not be reduced as a result of the implementation of this section."

(a) An employee who performs work during a regularly scheduled 8-hour period of service which is not overtime work as defined by section 5542(a) of this title a part of which is performed on Sunday is entitled to pay for the entire period of service at the rate of his basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to 25 percent of his rate of basic pay. For employees serving outside the United States in areas where Sunday is a routine workday and another day of the week is officially recognized as the day of rest and worship, the Secretary of State may designate the officially recognized day of rest and worship as the day with respect to which the preceding sentence shall apply instead of Sunday.

(b) An employee who performs work on a holiday designated by Federal statute, Executive order, or with respect to an employee of the government of the District of Columbia, by order of the District of Columbia Council, is entitled to pay at the rate of his basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to the rate of his basic pay, for that holiday work which is not—

(1) in excess of 8 hours; or

(2) overtime work as defined by section 5542(a) of this title.

(c) An employee who is required to perform any work on a designated holiday is entitled to pay for at least 2 hours of holiday work.

(d) An employee who performs overtime work as defined by section 5542(a) of this title on a Sunday or a designated holiday is entitled to pay for that overtime work in accordance with section 5542(a) of this title.

(e) Premium pay under this section is in addition to premium pay which may be due for the same work under section 5545(a) and (b) of this title, providing premium pay for nightwork.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(29), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(13), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXIII, §2317(2), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–829.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 922. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §302, 59 Stat. 298. | |

May 24, 1946, ch. 270, §11, 60 Stat. 218. | ||

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §207, 68 Stat. 1110. | ||

July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–533, §1, 72 Stat. 377. |


In subsections (a) and (b), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee".

In subsections (b) and (c), the word "designated" is substituted for "such a" and "such" in former section 922(b) and (c) to identify the holiday as one designated by statute, Executive order, or the Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5546(a) | 5 App.: 921a. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §405(b)(1), (c), 80 Stat. 297. |


In subsection (a), the words "An employee who performs work . . . is entitled to pay . . . at the rate of his basic pay" are coextensive with and substituted for "Any . . . service . . . performed . . . shall be compensated . . . at the rate of basic compensation of the officer or employee performing such work." The words "section 5542(a) of this title" are substituted for "section 201 of this Act" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5, United States Code. The words "between midnight Saturday and midnight Sunday" are coextensive with and substituted for "within the period commencing at midnight Saturday and ending at midnight Sunday".

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277 inserted at end "For employees serving outside the United States in areas where Sunday is a routine workday and another day of the week is officially recognized as the day of rest and worship, the Secretary of State may designate the officially recognized day of rest and worship as the day with respect to which the preceding sentence shall apply instead of Sunday."

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(13)(A), substituted "District of Columbia Council" for "Board of Commissioners of the District of Columbia".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(13)(B), substituted "5542(a)" for "5442(a)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, but amendment of subsec. (d) of this section by section 1(13)(B) of Pub. L. 90–623 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

District of Columbia Council, as established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, abolished as of noon Jan. 2, 1975, by Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §711, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 818, and replaced by Council of District of Columbia, as provided by section 401 of Pub. L. 93–198.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §624], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–518, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no part of any funds provided by this Act or any other Act beginning in fiscal year 1999 and thereafter shall be available for paying Sunday premium pay to any employee unless such employee actually performed work during the time corresponding to such premium pay."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations act:

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §636, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1316.

(a) The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Administrator") and the Secretary of Defense (hereafter in this section referred to as the "Secretary") may pay premium pay at the rate of 5 per centum of the applicable rate of basic pay to—

(1) any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who is—

(A) occupying a position in the air traffic controller series classified not lower than GS–9 and located in an air traffic control center or terminal or in a flight service station;

(B) assigned to a position classified not lower than GS–09 or WG–10 located in an airway facilities sector; or

(C) assigned to a flight inspection crew-member position classified not lower than GS–11 located in a flight inspection field office,

the duties of whose position are determined by the Administrator or the Secretary to be directly involved in or responsible for the operation and maintenance of the air traffic control system; and

(2) any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who is assigned to a flight test pilot position classified not lower than GS-12 located in a region or center, the duties of whose position are determined by the Administrator or the Secretary to be unusually taxing, physically or mentally, and to be critical to the advancement of aviation safety; and

(3) any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration who occupies a position at the Federal Aviation Administration Academy, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the duties of which are determined by the Administrator to require the individual to be actively engaged in or directly responsible for training employees to perform the duties of a position described in subparagraph (a); (b); or (c) or paragraph (1) of this subsection, and who, immediately prior to assuming such position at such Academy, occupied a position referred to in subparagraph (a), (b), or (c) of paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(b) The premium pay payable under any subsection of this section is in addition to basic pay and to premium pay payable under any other subsection of this section and any other provision of this subchapter.

(c)(1) The Administrator or the Secretary may pay premium pay to any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who—

(A) is an air traffic controller located in an air traffic control center or terminal;

(B) is not required as a condition of employment to be certified by the Administrator or the Secretary as proficient and medically qualified to perform duties including the separation and control of air traffic; and

(C) is so certified.

(2) Premium pay paid under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be paid at the rate of 1.6 per centum of the applicable rate of basic pay for so long as such employee is so certified.

(d)(1) The Administrator or the Secretary may pay premium pay to any air traffic controller of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who is assigned by the Administrator or the Secretary to provide on-the-job training to another air traffic controller while such other air traffic controller is directly involved in the separation and control of live air traffic.

(2) Premium pay paid under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be paid at the rate of 10 per centum of the applicable hourly rate of basic pay times the number of hours and portion of an hour during which the air traffic controller of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense provides on-the-job training.

(e)(1) The Administrator or the Secretary may pay premium pay to any air traffic controller or flight service station specialist of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who, while working a regularly scheduled eight-hour period of service, is required by his supervisor to work during the fourth through sixth hour of such period without a break of thirty minutes for a meal.

(2) Premium pay paid under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be paid at the rate of 50 per centum of one-half of the applicable hourly rate of basic pay.

(f)(1) The Administrator or the Secretary shall prescribe standards for determining which air traffic controllers and other employees of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense are to be paid premium pay under this section.

(2) The Administrator and the Secretary may prescribe such rules as he determines are necessary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 97–276, §151(c)(1), (d), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1200, 1201; amended Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §145(a), formerly §145, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1917, renumbered Pub. L. 98–78, title III, §320(1), Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 473; Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(c)(1)–(6)(A), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2635, 2636.)

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(6)(A), inserted "and the Department of Defense" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(1)(A), inserted "and the Secretary of Defense (hereafter in this section referred to as the 'Secretary')" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(1)(B), inserted "or the Department of Defense" in provisions preceding subpar. (A) and "or the Secretary" in provisions following subpar. (C).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(1)(C), inserted "or the Department of Defense" and "or the Secretary".

Subsecs. (c)(1), (d), (e)(1), (f)(1). Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(2)–(5)(A), inserted "or the Secretary" after "Administrator" wherever appearing, and "or the Department of Defense" after "Administration" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 98–525, §1537(c)(5)(B), inserted "and the Secretary".

**1982**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–377 added par. (3).

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–525 effective Oct. 1, 1984, see section 1537(f) of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §145(b), as added by Pub. L. 98–78, title III, §320(2), Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 473, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall be effective as of 5 o'clock ante meridian eastern daylight time, August 3, 1981."

Pub. L. 97–276, §151(h)(1), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1202, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsections 152 [151] (b), (c), (e), and (g) of this joint resolution [enacting subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section and amending sections 5532, 5547, and 8344 of this title] shall take effect at 5 o'clock ante meridian eastern daylight time, August 3, 1981.

"(2) The amendments made by subsection 152 [151] (a) and subsection 152 [151] (d) of this joint resolution [enacting subsecs. (c)–(f) of this section and amending section 4109 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning after the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 2, 1982]."

(a) An employee may be paid premium pay under sections 5542, 5545(a), (b), and (c), 5545a, 5546(a) and (b), and 5550 only to the extent that the payment does not cause the aggregate of basic pay and such premium pay for any pay period for such employee to exceed the greater of—

(1) the maximum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law); or

(2) the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

(b)(1) Subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, subsection (a) shall not apply to an employee who is paid premium pay by reason of work in connection with an emergency (including a wildfire emergency) that involves a direct threat to life or property, including work performed in the aftermath of such an emergency.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), no employee referred to in such paragraph may be paid premium pay under the provisions of law cited in subsection (a) if, or to the extent that, the aggregate of the basic pay and premium pay under those provisions for such employee would, in any calendar year, exceed the greater of—

(A) the maximum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 in effect at the end of such calendar year (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law); or

(B) the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule in effect at the end of such calendar year.

(3) Subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the head of an agency may determine that subsection (a) shall not apply to an employee who is paid premium pay to perform work that is critical to the mission of the agency. Such employees may be paid premium pay under the provisions of law cited in subsection (a) if, or to the extent that, the aggregate of the basic pay and premium pay under those provisions for such employee would not, in any calendar year, exceed the greater of—

(A) the maximum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 in effect at the end of such calendar year (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law); or

(B) the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule in effect at the end of such calendar year.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations governing the methods of applying subsection (b)(2) and (b)(3) to employees who receive premium pay under section 5545(c) or 5545a, or to firefighters covered by section 5545b who receive overtime pay for hours in their regular tour of duty, and the method of payment to such employees. Such regulations may limit the payment of such premium pay on a biweekly basis.

(d) This section shall not apply to any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who is paid premium pay under section 5546a.

(e) Any supplemental pay resulting from receipt of the level 1 border patrol rate of pay or the level 2 border patrol rate of pay under section 5550 shall be considered premium pay in applying this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(31), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 97–276, §151(e), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1201; Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2636; Pub. L. 100–523, §2, Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2605; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §204, title IV, §410(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1456, 1469; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(43), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352; Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §633(b)(2), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2427; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1114(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 113–277, §2(g)(1), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3005.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 943. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §603, 59 Stat. 302. May 24, 1946, ch. 270, §7(a), 60 Stat. 218. |
|

July 3, 1948, ch. 830, §303(a), 62 Stat. 1268. | ||

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §209, 68 Stat. 1112. |


Former section 943(a), (b) is combined and restated for clarity and conciseness. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The word "scheduled" is omitted since section 603 of the Act of Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, 76 Stat. 847, eliminated the necessity of referring to rates as scheduled or longevity. Reference to the "Classification Act of 1949, as amended" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

In the codification of 5 U.S.C. 5547, the words "premium pay under this subchapter" were substituted for "premium compensation provided by this Act" appearing in the source statute—section 603 of the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended (former 5 U.S.C. 943). This amendment of 5 U.S.C. 5547 is made for clarity and precision of reference and in recognition that the source statutes for certain sections of subchapter V of chapter 55 of title 5 include statutes that were not a part of the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1949. Specifically, 5 U.S.C. 5544(a) is based in part on section 23 (2d proviso) of the act of March 28, 1934, as amended by 76 Stat. 360; and 5 U.S.C. 5545(d) is based on section 804 of the Classification Act of 1949, as added by Public Law 89–512, 80 Stat. 318. Also, 5 U.S.C. 5541(2)(xi) in effect excludes employees subject to 5 U.S.C. 5544 from the operation of 5 U.S.C. 5547.

GS–15, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(2)(A), (3)(A), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (b)(2)(B), (3)(B), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

**2014**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–277, §2(g)(1)(A), struck out "and" before "5546(a) and (b)" and inserted ", and 5550" after "5546(a) and (b)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–277, §2(g)(1)(B), added subsec. (e).

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) An employee may be paid premium pay under sections 5542, 5545(a), (b), and (c), 5545a, and 5546(a) and (b) of this title only to the extent that the payment does not cause his aggregate rate of pay for any pay period to exceed the maximum rate for GS–15 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law). The first sentence of this subsection shall not apply to any employee of the Federal Aviation Administration or the Department of Defense who is paid premium pay under section 5546a of this title.

"(b)(1) Subject to regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the first sentence of subsection (a) shall not apply to an employee who is paid premium pay by reason of work in connection with an emergency which involves a direct threat to life or property, including a forest wildfire emergency.

"(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), no employee referred to in such paragraph may be paid premium pay under the provisions of law cited in the first sentence of subsection (a) if, or to the extent that, the aggregate of such employee's basic pay and premium pay under those provisions would, in any calendar year, exceed the maximum rate payable for GS–15 in effect at the end of such calendar year.

"(c)(1) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply to a law enforcement officer.

"(2) A law enforcement officer may be paid premium pay under the provisions of law cited in the first sentence of subsection (a) only to the extent that the payment does not cause the officer's aggregate rate of pay for any pay period to exceed the lesser of—

"(A) 150 percent of the minimum rate payable for GS–15 (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law); or

"(B) the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule."

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–329 inserted "5545a," after "5545(a), (b), and (c),".

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "For the purposes of this subsection, 'law enforcement officer' means any law enforcement officer within the meaning of section 8331(20) or section 8401(17)."

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §204(1)], inserted "(including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law)" after "GS–15".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §204(2)], amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting present provisions for former provisions consisting of pars. (1) to (3) that related to pay of forest firefighters working on forest wildfire emergencies.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §410(b)], added subsec. (c).

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–523 amended section generally, designating existing provisions as subsec. (a) and adding subsec. (b).

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–525 inserted "or the Department of Defense".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–276 inserted provision directing that first sentence of this section not apply to any employee of Federal Aviation Administration who is paid premium pay under section 5546a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–277 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2016, subject to certain exceptions, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1114(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1240, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after the date that is 120 days following the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–329 effective first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 30th day following Sept. 30, 1994, with exceptions relating to criminal investigators employed in Offices of Inspectors General, see section 633(e) of Pub. L. 103–329, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective as of first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(b)(9) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by section 529 [title II, §204] of Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–525 effective Oct. 1, 1984, see section 1537(f) of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–276 effective at 5 o'clock ante meridian eastern daylight time, Aug. 3, 1981, see section 151(h)(1) of Pub. L. 97–276, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5546a of this title.

Pub. L. 100–523, §1, Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2605, provided: "That this Act [amending this section] may be cited as the 'Forest Wildfire Emergency Pay Equity Act of 1988'."

Pub. L. 118–31, div. F, title LXII, §6232, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 983, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) be considered to be basic pay of the covered employee for any purpose; or

"(2) be used in computing a lump-sum payment to the covered employee for accumulated and accrued annual leave under section 5551 or section 5552 of title 5, United States Code.

"(d)

"(e)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) An analysis of the current operational demands and staffing levels.

"(B) Recommended strategies for reducing overtime requirements, including—

"(i) hiring additional personnel;

"(ii) solutions such that sufficient resources are available throughout each year without the need for waivers of premium pay limitations;

"(iii) redistribution of workload; and

"(iv) other improvements in operational efficiency.

"(3)

"(A) the appropriate congressional committees [Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives];

"(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

"(C) the Committee on Oversight and Accountability and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

"(f)

"(g)

Pub. L. 117–43, div. B, title VII, §1701, Sept. 30, 2021, 135 Stat. 367, as amended by Pub. L. 117–103, div. HH, title VI, §601, Mar. 15, 2022, 136 Stat. 1116; Pub. L. 117–328, div. G, title IV, §440, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 4832, provided that:

"(a)(1) If services performed by the designated employees under paragraph (2) of this subsection at the Department of the Interior or the Department of Agriculture during 2021 or 2022 or 2023 are determined by the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture, as applicable, to be primarily related to emergency wildland fire suppression activities, any premium pay for such services shall be disregarded in calculating the aggregate of such employee's basic pay and premium pay for purposes of a limitation under section 5547(a) of title 5, United States Code, or under any other provision of law, whether such employee's pay is paid on a biweekly or calendar year basis. Any Services during a given calendar year that generate payments payable in the subsequent calendar year shall be disregarded in applying this subsection.

"(2) The premium pay waiver under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall apply to individuals serving as wildland firefighters and as fire management response officials, including regional fire directors, deputy regional fire directors, agency officials who directly oversee fire operations, and fire management officers, and individuals serving on incident management teams (IMTs), at the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC), at Geographic Area Coordinating Centers (GACCs), and at Operations centers.

"(3) The Departments of the Interior and Agriculture shall provide a report to Congress detailing the number of positions, including by occupation, grade, and the aggregate pay by type of pay for each individual who receives pay authorized under subsection (a)(1).

"(b) Any overtime pay for services described in subsection (a) that is payable under an authority outside of title 5, United States Code, shall be disregarded in calculating any annual limit on the amount of overtime pay payable in 2021 or 2022 or 2023.

"(c) Any pay that is disregarded under either subsection (a) or (b) shall be disregarded in calculating such employee's aggregate pay for purposes of applying the limitation in section 5307 of title 5, United States Code, during 2021 or 2022 or 2023.

"(d)(1) Pay that is disregarded under subsection (a) or (b) shall not cause the aggregate of the employee's basic pay and premium pay for the applicable calendar year to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for a position at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect at the end of such calendar year.

"(2) For purposes of applying this subsection to an employee who would otherwise be subject to the premium pay limits established under section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, 'premium pay' means the premium pay paid under the provisions of law cited in section 5547(a).

"(3) For purposes of applying this subsection to an employee under a premium pay limit established under an authority other than section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, the agency responsible for administering such limit shall determine what payments are considered premium pay.

"(4) For the purpose of applying this subsection, 'basic pay' includes any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 of title 5, United States Code, any applicable special rate supplement under section 5305 of such title, or any equivalent payment under a similar provision of law.

"(e) This section shall take effect as if enacted on January 1, 2021.

"(f) If application of this section results in the payment of additional premium pay to a covered employee of a type that is normally creditable as basic pay for retirement or any other purpose, that additional pay shall not—

"(1) be considered to be basic pay of the covered employee for any purpose; or

"(2) be used in computing a lump-sum payment to the covered employee for accumulated and accrued annual leave under section 5551 or section 5552 of title 5, United States Code, or other similar provision of law.

"(g) Not later than 45 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2021], the Secretary of the Interior and Secretary of Agriculture shall jointly provide to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate, the Senate Committee on Agriculture[,] Nutrition[,] and Forestry, the House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources, Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability], a framework to modernize the wildland firefighting workforce beginning in fiscal year 2022."

Pub. L. 116–260, div. M, title III, §303, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1922, provided that:

"(a) If services performed by an employee during 2020 and 2021 are determined by the head of the agency to be primarily related to preparation, prevention, or response to coronavirus, any premium pay for such services shall be disregarded in calculating the aggregate of such employee's basic pay and premium pay for purposes of a limitation under section 5547(a) of title 5, United States Code, or under any other provision of law, whether such employees pay is paid on a biweekly or calendar year basis.

"(b) Any overtime pay for such services shall be disregarded in calculating any annual limit on the amount of overtime pay payable in a calendar or fiscal year.

"(c) With regard to such services, any pay that is disregarded under either subsection (a) or (b) shall be disregarded in calculating such employee's aggregate pay for purposes of the limitation in section 5307 of such title 5.

"(d)(1) Pay that is disregarded under subsection (a) or (b) shall not cause the aggregate of the employee's basic pay and premium pay for the applicable calendar year to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for a position at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect at the end of such calendar year.

"(2) For purposes of applying this subsection to an employee who would otherwise be subject to the premium pay limits established under section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, 'premium pay' means the premium pay paid under the provisions of law cited in section 5547(a).

"(3) For purposes of applying this subsection to an employee under a premium pay limit established under an authority other than section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, the agency responsible for administering such limit shall determine what payments are considered premium pay.

"(e) This section shall take effect as if enacted on February 2, 2020.

"(f) If application of this section results in the payment of additional premium pay to a covered employee of a type that is normally creditable as basic pay for retirement or any other purpose, that additional pay shall not—

"(1) be considered to be basic pay of the covered employee for any purpose; or

"(2) be used in computing a lump-sum payment to the covered employee for accumulated and accrued annual leave under section 5551 or section 5552 of title 5, United States Code."

[For definition of "coronavirus" as used in section 303 of Pub. L. 116–260, set out above, see section 8 of Pub. L. 116–260, set out below.]

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title VIII, §18110, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 572.

Pub. L. 116–136, div. B, title VI, §16003, Mar. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 544, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

Pub. L. 114–311, Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1531, as amended by Pub. L. 115–160, §2(a)(1), Apr. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 1246; Pub. L. 115–383, §2(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5121; Pub. L. 116–269, §2(a), Dec. 30, 2020, 134 Stat. 3323, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Overtime Pay for Protective Services Act of 2016'.

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1) be considered to be basic pay of the covered employee for any purpose; or

"(2) be used in computing a lump-sum payment to the covered employee for accumulated and accrued annual leave under section 5551 or section 5552 of title 5, United States Code.

"(d)

"(e)

[Pub. L. 115–160, §2(b), Apr. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 1246, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 114–311, set out above, and section 1(a)(3) [title I, §118] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out below] shall take effect as if enacted on December 31, 2016."]

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title I, §118], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–134, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1114(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1240; Pub. L. 114–311, §2(b)(2), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1531; Pub. L. 115–160, §2(a)(2), Apr. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 1246, provided that: "Hereafter, funds made available by this or any other Act may be used to pay premium pay for protective services authorized by section 3056(a) or 3056A of title 18, United States Code, without regard to the restrictions contained in section 5547 of title 5, United States Code, except that such premium pay shall not be payable to an employee to the extent that the aggregate of the employee's basic and premium pay for the year would otherwise exceed the annual equivalent of that limitation or, if the employee qualifies for an exception to such limitation under section 2(b)(1) of the Overtime Pay for Protective Services Act of 2016 [Pub. L. 114–311, set out above], to the extent that such aggregate amount would exceed the rate of basic pay payable for a position at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of title 5, United States Code. The term premium pay refers to the provisions of law cited in the first sentence of section 5547(a) of title 5, United States Code. Payment of additional premium pay payable under this section may be made in a lump sum on the last payday of the calendar year."

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 106–58, title I, §118, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 441.

[Pub. L. 115–160, §2(b), Apr. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 1246, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 114–311 and section 1(a)(3) [title I, §118] of Pub. L. 106–554, set out above] shall take effect as if enacted on December 31, 2016."]

[For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Pub. L. 116–260, §8, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1185, provided that: "In divisions A through M of this Act [divs. A to M of Pub. L. 116–260, see Tables for classification], the term 'coronavirus' means SARS–CoV–2 or another coronavirus with pandemic potential."

(a) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, subject to the approval of the President, necessary for the administration of this subchapter, except section 5545(d), insofar as this subchapter affects employees in or under an Executive agency.

(b) The Office shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of section 5545(d).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(32), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 92–392, §12, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(C), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 945. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §605, 59 Stat. 304. |


The words "an Executive agency" are substituted for "the executive branch of the Government" to conform to the definition in section 105. Applicability of this section to employees of the General Accounting Office is based on former section 933a.

The remainder of the authority is covered by sections 5504 and 6101.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5548(b) | 5 App.: 1072 (as applicable to 5 App.: 1134.) | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1101 (as applicable to §804, added July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–512, §1, 80 Stat. 318), 63 Stat. 971. |

5 App.: 1134(4) (6th through 9th words). | July 19, 1966, Pub. L. 89–512, §1 "Sec. 804(4) (6th through 9th words)", 80 Stat. 318. |


This section consolidates into 5 U.S.C. 5548(b) general regulatory authority granted to the Civil Service Commission by section 1101 of the Classification Act of 1949 (as applicable to sec. 804 of that act, added by Public Law 89–512) and the specific requirement in section 804(4) of that act that the Commission prescribe regulations.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "section 5545(d)" for "sections 5545(d) and 5550 of this title".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–392, §12(a), struck out reference to section 5544 of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–392, §12(b), inserted reference to section 5550 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Function vested in Office of Personnel Management under this section to be performed without approval of President, see section 1(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

This subchapter does not prevent payment for overtime services or for Sunday or holiday work under any of the following statutes—

(1) section 10703 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002;

(2) sections 1353a and 1353b of title 8;

(3) sections 261,1 267, 1450, 1451, 1451a,1 and 1452 of title 19;

(4) sections 2111 and 2112 of title 46; and

(5) section 154(f)(3) of title 47.

However, an employee may not receive premium pay under this subchapter for the same services for which he is paid under one of these statutes.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 98–89, §3(a), Aug. 26, 1983, 97 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 107–171, title X, §10703(c)(4), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 518.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 941. | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §601, 59 Stat. 302. |


In paragraph (2), the words "sections 1353a and 1353b of title 8" are substituted for "sections 342c and 342d of this title" to reflect the scheduled transfer of those sections to title 8.

In paragraph (5), the words "section 154(f)(3) of title 47" are substituted for "section 154(f)(2) of title 47" on authority of the Act of July 16, 1952, ch. 879, §3(b), 66 Stat. 711, which redesignated subsection (f)(2) as (f)(3).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 10703 of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, referred to in par. (1), is section 10703 of Pub. L. 107–171, which enacted section 2219a of Title 7, Agriculture, amended this section and sections 468 and 695 of Title 21, Food and Drugs, and repealed section 394 of Title 7.

Section 261 of title 19, referred to in par. (3), was omitted from the Code in the general revision of section 5 of act Feb. 13, 1911, ch. 46, by Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13811(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 668.

Section 1451a of title 19, referred to in par. (3), was repealed by Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13811(b)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 670.

**2002**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 107–171 added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "section 394 of title 7;".

**1983**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 98–89 substituted "sections 2111 and 2112 of title 46" for "section 382b of title 46".

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) the term "basic border patrol rate of pay" means the hourly rate of basic pay of the applicable border patrol, as determined without regard to this section;

(2) the term "border patrol agent" means an individual who is appointed to a position assigned to the Border Patrol Enforcement classification series 1896 or any successor series, consistent with classification standards established by the Office of Personnel Management;

(3) the term "level 1 border patrol rate of pay" means the hourly rate of pay equal to 1.25 times the otherwise applicable hourly rate of basic pay of the applicable border patrol agent;

(4) the term "level 2 border patrol rate of pay" means the hourly rate of pay equal to 1.125 times the otherwise applicable hourly rate of basic pay of the applicable border patrol agent; and

(5) the term "work period" means a 14-day biweekly pay period.

(b)

(1)

(A)

(i) the level 1 border patrol rate of pay;

(ii) the level 2 border patrol rate of pay; or

(iii) the basic border patrol rate of pay, with additional overtime assigned as needed by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

(B)

(C)

(D)

(i) a border patrol agent who fails to make a timely election under subparagraph (A) shall be assigned to the level 1 border patrol rate of pay;

(ii) a border patrol agent who is assigned a canine shall be assigned to the level 1 border patrol rate of pay;

(iii) if at any time U.S. Customs and Border Protection concludes that a border patrol agent is unable to perform overtime on a daily basis in accordance with this section, U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall assign the border patrol agent to the basic border patrol rate of pay until such time as U.S. Customs and Border Protection determines that the border patrol agent is able to perform scheduled overtime on a daily basis;

(iv) unless the analysis conducted under section 2(e) of the Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014 indicates that, in order to more adequately fulfill the operational requirements of U.S. Customs and Border Protection, such border patrol agents should be allowed to elect or be assigned to the level 1 border patrol rate of pay or the level 2 border patrol rate of pay, a border patrol agent shall be assigned to the basic border patrol rate of pay if the agent works—

(I) at U.S. Customs and Border Protection headquarters;

(II) as a training instructor at a U.S. Customs and Border Protection training facility;

(III) in an administrative position; or

(IV) as a fitness instructor; and

(v) a border patrol agent may be assigned to the level 1 border patrol rate of pay or the level 2 border patrol rate of pay in accordance with subparagraph (E).

(E)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(F)

(i) that rate of pay covers all such care;

(ii) for the purposes of scheduled overtime under paragraph (2)(A)(ii), such care shall be counted as 1 hour of scheduled overtime on each regular workday without regard to the actual duration of such care or whether such care occurs on the regular workday; and

(iii) no other pay shall be paid to the border patrol agent for such care.

(G)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(I) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(II) the Committee on Homeland Security, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(vi)

(2)

(A) the border patrol agent shall have a regular tour of duty consisting of 5 workdays per week with—

(i) 8 hours of regular time per workday, which may be interrupted by an unpaid off-duty meal break; and

(ii) 2 additional hours of scheduled overtime during each day the agent performs work under clause (i);

(B) for paid hours of regular time described in subparagraph (A)(i), the border patrol agent shall receive pay at the level 1 border patrol rate of pay;

(C) compensation for the hours of regularly scheduled overtime work described in subparagraph (A)(ii) is provided indirectly through the 25 percent supplement within the level 1 border patrol rate of pay, and the border patrol agent may not receive for such hours—

(i) any compensation in addition to the compensation under subparagraph (B) under this section or any other provision of law; or

(ii) any compensatory time off;

(D) the border patrol agent shall receive compensatory time off or pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay for hours of work in excess of 100 hours during a work period, as determined in accordance with section 5542(g);

(E) the border patrol agent shall be charged corresponding amounts of paid leave, compensatory time off, or other paid time off for each hour (or part thereof) the agent is absent from work during regular time (except that full days off for military leave shall be charged when required);

(F) if the border patrol agent is absent during scheduled overtime described in subparagraph (A)(ii)—

(i) the border patrol agent shall accrue an obligation to perform other overtime work for each hour (or part thereof) the border patrol agent is absent; and

(ii) any overtime work applied toward the obligation under clause (i) shall not be credited as overtime work under any other provision of law; and

(G) for the purposes of advanced training, the border patrol agent—

(i) shall be paid at the level 1 border patrol rate of pay for the first 60 days of advanced training in a calendar year; and

(ii) for any advanced training in addition to the advanced training described in clause (i), shall be paid at the basic border patrol rate of pay.

(3)

(A) the border patrol agent shall have a regular tour of duty consisting of 5 workdays per week with—

(i) 8 hours of regular time per workday, which may be interrupted by an unpaid off-duty meal break; and

(ii) 1 additional hour of scheduled overtime during each day the agent performs work under clause (i);

(B) for paid hours of regular time described in subparagraph (A)(i), the border patrol agent shall receive pay at the level 2 border patrol rate of pay;

(C) compensation for the hours of regularly scheduled overtime work described in subparagraph (A)(ii) is provided indirectly through the 12.5 percent supplement within the level 2 border patrol rate of pay, and the border patrol agent may not receive for such hours—

(i) any compensation in addition to the compensation under subparagraph (B) under this section or any other provision of law; or

(ii) any compensatory time off;

(D) the border patrol agent shall receive compensatory time off or pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay for hours of work in excess of 90 hours during a work period, as determined in accordance with section 5542(g);

(E) the border patrol agent shall be charged corresponding amounts of paid leave, compensatory time off, or other paid time off for each hour (or part thereof) the agent is excused from work during regular time (except that full days off for military leave shall be charged when required);

(F) if the border patrol agent is absent during scheduled overtime described in subparagraph (A)(ii)—

(i) the border patrol agent shall accrue an obligation to perform other overtime work for each hour (or part thereof) the border patrol agent is absent; and

(ii) any overtime work applied toward the obligation under clause (i) shall not be credited as overtime work under any other provision of law; and

(G) for the purposes of advanced training, the border patrol agent—

(i) shall be paid at the level 2 border patrol rate of pay for the first 60 days of advanced training in a calendar year; and

(ii) for any advanced training in addition to the advanced training described in clause (i), shall be paid at the basic border patrol rate of pay.

(4)

(A) the border patrol agent shall have a regular tour of duty consisting of 5 workdays per week with 8 hours of regular time per workday; and

(B) the border patrol agent shall receive compensatory time off or pay at the overtime hourly rate of pay for hours of work in excess of 80 hours during a work period, as determined in accordance with section 5542(g).

(c)

(1) shall receive premium pay for nightwork in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) of section 5545 and Sunday and holiday pay in accordance with section 5546, without regard to the rate of pay to which the border patrol agent is assigned under this section, except that—

(A) no premium pay for night, Sunday, or holiday work shall be provided for hours of regularly scheduled overtime work described in paragraph (2)(A)(ii) or (3)(A)(ii) of subsection (b), consistent with the requirements of paragraph (2)(C) or (3)(C) of subsection (b); and

(B) section 5546(d) shall not apply and instead eligibility for pay for, and the rate of pay for, any overtime work on a Sunday or a designated holiday shall be determined in accordance with this section and section 5542(g);

(2) except as provided in paragraph (3) or section 5542(g), shall not be eligible for any other form of premium pay under this title; and

(3) shall be eligible for hazardous duty pay in accordance with section 5545(d).

(d)

(1) subject to paragraph (2), shall be treated as part of basic pay solely for—

(A) purposes of sections 5595(c), 8114(e), 8331(3)(I), and 8704(c);

(B) any other purpose that the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe; and

(C) any other purpose expressly provided for by law; and

(2) shall not be treated as part of basic pay for the purposes of calculating overtime pay, night pay, Sunday pay, or holiday pay under section 5542, 5545, or 5546.

(e)

(f)

(1)

(A)

(i) shall be substituted and paid for at the rate applicable for the regular time; and

(ii) shall not be credited as overtime hours for any purpose.

(B)

(C)

(2)

(A)

(i) shall be substituted and credited as scheduled overtime; and

(ii) shall not be credited as overtime hours under any other provision of law.

(B)

(3)

(4)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) is not considered basic pay for retirement under section 8331(3) or 8401(4) or for any other purpose;

(B) is not payable during periods of paid leave or other paid time off; and

(C) is not considered in computing an agent's lump-sum annual leave payment under sections 5551 and 5552.

(Pub. L. 113–277, §2(b), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2995; Pub. L. 118–31, div. E, title LII, §5201, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 939.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), (C), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 113–277, which was approved Dec. 18, 2014.

Section 2(e) of the Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(D)(iv), (E)(ii), is section 2(e) of Pub. L. 113–277, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3003, which related to comprehensive staffing analysis and is not classified to the Code.

The date of enactment of the Border Patrol Agent Pay Reform Act of 2014, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(G)(i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 113–277, which was approved Dec. 18, 2014.

GS–12, referred to in subsec. (h), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 5550, added Pub. L. 92–392, §10(a), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 574, related to pay for Sunday and overtime work for employees of nonappropriated fund instrumentalities, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(A), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352.

**2023**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 118–31 added subsec. (h).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Section effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2016, subject to certain exceptions, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 5542 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–277, §2(c)(2), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3003, provided that: "U.S. Customs and Border Protection shall, to the maximum extent practicable, avoid the use of scheduled overtime work by border patrol agents."

[Section 2(c)(2) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out above, effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2016, with exception, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as an Effective Date of 2014 Amendment note under section 5542 of this title.]

(a) Not later than 30 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations providing for work schedules under which an employee whose personal religious beliefs require the abstention from work during certain periods of time, may elect to engage in overtime work for time lost for meeting those religious requirements. Any employee who so elects such overtime work shall be granted equal compensatory time off from his scheduled tour of duty (in lieu of overtime pay) for such religious reasons, notwithstanding any other provision of law.

(b) In the case of any agency described in subparagraphs (C) through (G) of section 5541(1) of this title, the head of such agency (in lieu of the Office) shall prescribe the regulations referred to in subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Regulations under this section may provide for such exceptions as may be necessary to efficiently carry out the mission of the agency or agencies involved.

(Added Pub. L. 95–390, title IV, §401(a), Sept. 29, 1978, 92 Stat. 762; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), (15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–390, which was approved Sept. 29, 1978.

**1979**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

(a) Notwithstanding any provision of section 5542(b)(2) or 5544(a), each hour spent by an employee in travel status away from the official duty station of the employee, that is not otherwise compensable, shall be treated as an hour of work or employment for purposes of calculating compensatory time off.

(b) An employee who has any hours treated as hours of work or employment for purposes of calculating compensatory time under subsection (a), shall not be entitled to payment for any such hours that are unused as compensatory time.

(Added Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §203(a), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2313; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1111(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–181 substituted "any provision of section 5542(b)(2) or 5544(a)," for "section 5542(b)(2),".

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–181 effective on the earlier of the effective date of any regulations prescribed to carry out amendments by section 1111 of Pub. L. 110–181 or the 90th day after Jan. 28, 2008, see section 1111(c) of Pub. L. 110–181, set out as a note under section 5541 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §203(c), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2313, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall take effect on the earlier of—

"(1) the effective date of any regulations prescribed to carry out such amendments; or

"(2) the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2004]."

Pub. L. 109–425, §1, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 2910, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

(a) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, who is separated from the service, is transferred to a position described under section 6301(2)(B)(xiii) of this title, or elects to receive a lump-sum payment for leave under section 5552 of this title, is entitled to receive a lump-sum payment for accumulated and current accrued annual or vacation leave to which he is entitled by statute. The lump-sum payment shall equal the pay (excluding any differential under section 5925 and any allowance under section 5928) the employee or individual would have received had he remained in the service until expiration of the period of the annual or vacation leave. The lump-sum payment is considered pay for taxation purposes only. The period of leave used for calculating the lump-sum payment shall not be extended due to any holiday occurring after separation. For the purposes of this subsection, movement to employment described in section 2105(c) shall not be deemed separation from the service in the case of an employee whose annual leave is transferred under section 6308(b).

(b) The accumulated and current accrued annual leave to which an officer excepted from subchapter I of chapter 63 of this title by section 6301(2)(x)–(xiii) of this title, is entitled immediately before the date he is excepted under that section shall be liquidated by a lump-sum payment in accordance with subsection (a) of this section or subchapter VIII of this chapter, except that the payment is based on the rate of pay which he was receiving immediately before the date on which section 6301(2)(x)–(xiii) of this title became applicable to him.

(c)(1) Annual leave that is restored to an employee of the Department of Defense under section 6304(d) of this title by reason of the operation of paragraph (3) of such section and remains unused upon the transfer of the employee to a position described in paragraph (2) shall be liquidated by payment of a lump-sum for such leave to the employee upon the transfer.

(2) A position referred to in paragraph (1) is a position in a department or agency of the Federal Government outside the Department of Defense or a Department of Defense position that is not located at a Department of Defense installation being closed or realigned as described in section 6304(d)(3) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 488; Pub. L. 93–181, §1, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 95–519, §2, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §402(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2605; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–336; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(b)(1), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1611(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2738; Pub. L. 106–518, title III, §310, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2420.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 61b (1st, 2d, and 6th sentences). | Dec. 21, 1944, ch. 632, §1 (less 1st proviso, and less so much of last sentence as precedes 2d proviso), 58 Stat. 845. |

July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §4(a) (1st and 5th sentences), 67 Stat. 137. | ||

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2061a(a). | July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §2(a), 67 Stat. 136. |


In subsection (a), the words "An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "civilian officer or employee of the Federal Government". Reference to "section 1474 of Appendix to Title 50, is omitted in view of the repeal of that section by the Act of July 24, 1956, ch. 671, §5(a)(3), 70 Stat. 606. The words "and shall not be subject to retirement deductions" are omitted and carried into section 8331(3).

In subsection (b)(2), reference to the limitation imposed by section 5 of the Act of July 2, 1953, ch. 178, 67 Stat. 138, is omitted as obsolete since the limitation was eliminated by the Act of Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–914, §1, 72 Stat. 1761.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–518 substituted ", is transferred to a position described under section 6301(2)(B)(xiii) of this title, or elects" for "or elects" in first sentence.

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (c).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–138 inserted "(excluding any differential under section 5925 and any allowance under section 5928)" after "pay" in second sentence.

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted at end "For the purposes of this subsection, movement to employment described in section 2105(c) shall not be deemed separation from the service in the case of an employee whose annual leave is transferred under section 6308(b)."

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–499 provided that the period of leave used for calculating the lump-sum payment was not to be extended due to any holiday occurring after separation.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–519 substituted "6301(2)(x)–(xiii)" for "6301(2)(x)–(xii)" in two places.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–181 struck out exception clause that the lump-sum payment may not exceed pay for a period of annual or vacation leave in excess of 30 days or the number of days carried over to his credit at the beginning of the leave year in which entitlement to payment occurs, whichever is greater.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–181 struck out second exception clause that the payment is made without regard to the limitation in subsec. (a) of this section on the amount of leave compensable.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1611(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739, provided that: "Subsection (c) of section 5551 of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), shall apply with respect to transfers described in such subsection (c) that take effect on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1996]."

Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(b)(2), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 669, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to service as part of a tour of duty or extension thereof commencing on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1991]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §402(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2605, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980] and shall apply to employees separating from the service on or after such date."

Pub. L. 95–519, §4, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819, provided that:

"(a) The amendments made by the first section and section 2 of this Act [amending this section and sections 6301, 6302, and 6306 of this title] shall take effect beginning on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978].

"(b) The amendment made by section 3 of this Act [amending section 8339 of this title] shall apply only with respect to employees who retire or die on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1978]."

An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by a territory or possession of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia who enters on active duty in the armed forces is entitled to—

(1) receive, in addition to his pay and allowances from the armed forces, a lump-sum payment for accumulated and current accrued annual or vacation leave in accordance with section 5551 of this title; or

(2) elect to have the leave remain to his credit until his return from active duty.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 489.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 61a. | Aug. 1, 1941, ch. 348, 55 Stat. 616. Apr. 7, 1942, ch. 220, 56 Stat. 200. |


The words "An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "Employees of the United States Government, . . . (including employees of any corporation created under authority of an Act of Congress which is either wholly controlled or wholly owned by the United States Government, or any corporation, all the stock of which is owned or controlled by the United States Government, or any department, agency, or establishment thereof, whether or not the employees thereof are paid from funds appropriated by Congress)".

The words "subsequent to May 1, 1940" are omitted as obsolete. The words "active duty in the armed forces" and "active duty" are substituted for "active military or naval service in the land or naval forces of the United States" and "active military or naval service", respectively, on authority of the National Security Act of 1947, 61 Stat. 495, as amended. The words "by voluntary enlistment or otherwise" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (1), the words "in accordance with section 5551 of this title" are added on authority of former section 61b, which is carried into section 5551.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 102–378, §2(45)(A), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353.)

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means an Executive agency and a military department;

(2) "employee" means an employee in or under an agency who is a citizen or national of the United States or an alien admitted to the United States for permanent residence, but does not include a part-time or intermittent employee or native labor casually hired on an hourly or daily basis. However, such an employee who enters a status listed in paragraph (5)(A)–(E) of this section—

(A) inside the continental United States; or

(B) who is a resident at or in the vicinity of his place of employment in a territory or possession of the United States or in a foreign country and who was not living there solely as a result of his employment;

is an employee for the purpose of this subchapter only on a determination by the head of the agency concerned that this status is the proximate result of employment by the agency;

(3) "dependent" means—

(A) a wife;

(B) an unmarried child (including an unmarried dependent stepchild or adopted child) under 21 years of age;

(C) a dependent mother or father;

(D) a dependent designated in official records; and

(E) an individual determined to be dependent by the head of the agency concerned or his designee;

(4) "active service" means active Federal service by an employee;

(5) "missing status" means the status of an employee who is in active service and is officially carried or determined to be absent in a status of—

(A) missing;

(B) missing in action;

(C) interned in a foreign country;

(D) captured, beleaguered, or besieged by a hostile force; or

(E) detained in a foreign country against his will;

but does not include the status of an employee for a period during which he is officially determined to be absent from his post of duty without authority; and

(6) "pay and allowances" means—

(A) basic pay;

(B) special pay;

(C) incentive pay;

(D) basic allowance for housing;

(E) basic allowance for subsistence; and

(F) station per diem allowances for not more than 90 days.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §603(d)(3), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1783.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(4) | 50A U.S.C. 1001. | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §1, 56 Stat. 143. |

July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §1, 58 Stat. 679. | ||

May 16, 1947, ch. 70, §1, 61 Stat. 96. | ||

Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(a), 71 Stat. 491. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(1), (2), 78 Stat. 437. | ||

(5) | 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) (3d through 66th words of 1st sentence, and 1st 28 words of 3d sentence, for definition purposes). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §2(a) (3d through 66th words and 96th through 120th words of 1st sentence, and 1st 28 words of 3d sentence, for definition purposes); added July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §2, 58 Stat. 679. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(a), 67 Stat. 21. |

Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(b) (1st par.), 71 Stat. 491. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(3)(A), (C), 78 Stat. 437. | ||

(5) | 50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1002(a) (1st sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §2(a) (1st sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |

(6) | 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) (96th through 120th words of 1st sentence, for definition purposes). |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In paragraph (1), the word "agency" is substituted for "department". The words "including such term when used in the amendment made by section 16" are omitted as surplusage. The words "an Executive agency and a military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "any executive department, independent establishment, or agency (including corporations) in the executive branch of the Federal Government" in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102, and on authority of 5 U.S.C. 933a which provides that general legislation governing employment, compensation, and the status of employees of the United States applies to employees of the General Accounting Office in the same manner as if they were in the executive branch.

In paragraph (3)(A), the word "lawful" is omitted as unnecessary in view of the accepted recognition of the fact that the word "wife" means a lawful wife. In paragraph (3)(E), the words "head of the agency concerned or his designee" are substituted for "head of the department concerned, or subordinate designated by him".

The definitions in paragraphs (5) and (6), which do not appear in, but are based on, the source law are created for legislative convenience.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1997**—Par. (6)(D). Pub. L. 105–85 substituted "housing" for "quarters".

Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title VI, §603(e), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1783, provided that: "This section [amending this section, sections 708, 2830, 2882, 7572, and 7573 of Title 10, Armed Forces, section 107 of Title 32, National Guard, sections 101, 403, 405, 406, 420, 427, 551, and 1014 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, and section 3803 of Title 50, War and National Defense, repealing section 403a of Title 37, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 403 of Title 37] and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 1998."

Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §569(e), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 352, directed Secretary of State to carry out comprehensive study of provisions of this subchapter and any other law or regulation establishing procedures for accounting for civilian employees of the United States or contractors of the United States who serve with or accompany the Armed Forces in the field to determine the means, if any, by which those procedures may be improved, and further provided for submission of report to Congress not later than one year after Feb. 10, 1996, on results of study.

Pub. L. 101–513, title V, §599C, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2064, as amended by Pub. L. 102–138, title III, §302(a), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 102–499, §5(a), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3266, provided for payment of benefits during fiscal year 1991 and thereafter for United States hostages in Iraq and Kuwait and United States hostages captured in Lebanon.

Pub. L. 96–449, Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1967, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406, known as the "Hostage Relief Act of 1980", provided for benefits for United States civil service and uniformed service personnel who were placed in a captive status during a hostage period beginning on Nov. 4, 1979, due to the seizure of the United States Embassy in Iran.

Ex. Ord. No. 12268, Jan. 15, 1981, 46 F.R. 4671, provided for the implementation of the Hostage Relief Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96–449).

Ex. Ord. No. 12313, July 13, 1981, 46 F.R. 36689, designated Jan. 11, 1981, as date on which all citizens and resident aliens of the United States who had been placed in captive status as a result of seizure of United States Embassy in Iran were returned to United States or otherwise accounted for and were no longer under foreign control.

(a) An employee in a missing status is entitled to receive or have credited to his account, for the period he is in that status, the same pay and allowances to which he was entitled at the beginning of that period or may become entitled thereafter. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an employee in a missing status on or after January 1, 1965, is entitled—

(1) to payment for annual leave which accrued to his account on or after January 1, 1965, but which was forfeited under section 6304 of this title because he was unable to use that leave by virtue of his missing status; or

(2) to have all of that leave restored to him and credited to a separate leave account in accordance with the provisions of section 6304(d)(2) of this title.

An employee shall elect in writing, within 90 days immediately following December 14, 1973, or within 90 days immediately following the termination of his missing status, whichever is later, whether he desires payment for the leave under clause (1) of this subsection or credit of the leave under clause (2) of this subsection. Payment under clause (1) of this subsection shall be at the employee's rate of basic pay in effect at the time the leave was forfeited.

(b) Entitlement to pay and allowances under subsection (a) of this section ends on the date of—

(1) receipt by the head of the agency concerned of evidence that the employee is dead; or

(2) death prescribed or determined under section 5565 of this title.

That entitlement does not end—

(A) on the expiration of the term of service or employment of an employee while he is in a missing status; or

(B) earlier than the dates prescribed in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection if the employee dies while he is in a missing status.

(c) An employee who is officially determined to be absent from his post of duty without authority is indebted to the United States for payments of amounts credited to his account under subsection (a) of this section for the period of that absence.

(d) When an employee in a missing status is continued in that status under section 5565 of this title, he continues to be entitled to have pay and allowances credited under subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 93–181, §7(a), Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 707; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(33), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) (1st sentence, less last 46 words). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §2(a) (1st 2 sentences and 3d sentence, less 1st 28 words); added July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §2, 58 Stat. 679. |

Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(a), 67 Stat. 21. | ||

Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(b), 71 Stat. 491. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(3)(A), (B), 78 Stat. 437. | ||

50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1002(a) (1st sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §2(a) (1st sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |
|

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) (last 46 words of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence). | |

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) (3d sentence, less 1st 28 words). | |

(d) | 50A U.S.C. 1006 (2d sentence, as applicable to pay and allowances). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §6 (2d sentence, as applicable to pay and allowances); added Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 828, §1 (4th par.), 56 Stat. 1093. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(5)(B), 78 Stat. 437. |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "An employee in a missing status" are substituted for the first 66 words of 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). The words "pay and allowances" are substituted for the enumeration of pay and allowances in the first sentence of 50A U.S.C. 1002(a) to conform to the definition in sections 5561(6). The words "or is performing full-time training duty, other full-time duty, or inactive duty training" and "except that the pay and allowances for a person who is performing full-time training duty or other full-time duty without pay, or inactive duty training with or without pay, shall be that to which he would have been entitled if he had been performing full-time active duty with pay;" are omitted as inapplicable to civilian officers and employees.

In subsection (b), the words "under subsection (a) of this section" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (c), the words "United States" are substituted for "Government" to conform to the style of this title. The words "under subsection (a) of this section" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (d), the words "an employee in a missing status" are substituted for "a person missing under the conditions specified in section 2 of this Act" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "December 14, 1973," for "the date of enactment of this sentence".

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–181 inserted provisions relating to employees in missing status on or after January 1, 1965.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–181, §7(b), Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 707, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending subsec. (a) of this section] shall apply to former employees or their beneficiaries."

(a) An allotment (including one for the purchase of United States savings bonds) made by an employee before he was in a missing status may be continued for the period he is in that status, notwithstanding the end of the period for which the allotment was made.

(b) In the absence of an allotment or when an allotment is insufficient for a purpose authorized by the head of the agency concerned, he or his designee may authorize such a new or increased allotment as circumstances warrant, which is payable for the period the employee concerned is in a missing status.

(c) All allotments from the pay and allowances of an employee in a missing status may not total more than the amount of pay and allowances he is permitted to allot under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned.

(d) A premium paid by the United States on insurance issued on the life of an employee, which is unearned because it covers a period after his death, reverts to the appropriation of the agency concerned.

(e) Subject to subsections (f) and (g) of this section, the head of the agency concerned or his designee may direct the initiation, continuance, discontinuance, increase, decrease, suspension, or resumption of an allotment from the pay and allowances of an employee in a missing status when that action is in the interests of the employee, his dependents, or the United States.

(f) When the head of the agency concerned officially reports that an employee in a missing status is alive, an allotment under subsections (a)–(d) of this section may be paid, subject to section 5562 of this title, until the date the head of the agency concerned receives evidence that the employee is dead or has returned to the controllable jurisdiction of the agency concerned.

(g) When an employee in a missing status is continued in that status under section 5565 of this title, an allotment under subsections (a)–(d) of this section may be continued, increased, or initiated.

(h) When the head of the agency concerned considers it essential for the well-being and protection of the dependents of an employee in active service (other than an employee in a missing status), he may, with or without the consent of the employee and subject to termination on specific request of the employee—

(1) direct the payment of a new allotment from the pay of the employee;

(2) increase or decrease the amount of an allotment made by the employee; and

(3) continue payment of an allotment of the employee which has expired.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 490.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1003 (1st sentence). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §3, 56 Stat. 144. Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 828, §1 (1st par.), 56 Stat. 1092. |

July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §3, 58 Stat. 680. | ||

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1003 (2d sentence, less proviso). | |

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1003 (1st proviso of 2d sentence). | |

(d) | 50A U.S.C. 1003 (2d proviso of 2d sentence). | |

(e) | 50A U.S.C. 1004 | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §4, 56 Stat. 144. |

Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 828, §1 (2d par.), 56 Stat. 1093. | ||

July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §4, 58 Stat. 680. | ||

(f) | 50A U.S.C. 1006 (1st sentence). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §6 (1st sentence and 2d sentence, as applicable to allotments); added |

Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 828, §1 (4th par.), 56 Stat. 1093. | ||

Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(b), 67 Stat. 21. | ||

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(5), 78 Stat. 437. | ||

50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1006 (1st sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §6 (1st sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |
|

(g) | 50A U.S.C. 1006 (2d sentence, as applicable to allotments). | |

(h) | 50A U.S.C. 1007. | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166 §7, 56 Stat. 145. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(6), 78 Stat. 437. |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "employee . . . in a missing status" are substituted for the reference to "person . . . entitled under section 2 of this Act to receive or be credited with pay and allowances" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). The words "except as otherwise provided herein" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b), the words "head of the agency concerned, he or his designee" are substituted for "head of the department concerned . . . head of the department concerned, or such subordinate as he may designate". The word "employee" is substituted for "person" to conform to the definition in section 5561(2).

In subsection (c), the words "in effect" are omitted as surplusage. The words "employee in a missing status" are substituted for "absent person" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5).

In subsection (d), the words "United States" are substituted for "Government" to conform to the style of this title. The word "employee" is substituted for "person" to conform to the definition in section 5561(2).

In subsection (e), the words "head of the agency concerned or his designee" are substituted for "head of the department concerned, or such subordinates as he may designate". The words "employee in a missing status" are substituted for "person entitled to receive or be credited with pay and allowances under section 2 of this Act" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). The words "United States" are substituted for "Government" to conform to the style of this title.

In subsections (f) and (g), the words "employee in a missing status" are substituted for "person missing under the conditions specified in section 2 of this Act" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5).

In subsection (h), the words "employee in a missing status" are substituted for "persons entitled under section 2 or 14 of this Act to receive pay and allowances" to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). In paragraph (2), the words "heretofore or hereafter" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "household and personal effects" and "household effects" may include, in addition to other authorized weight allowances, one privately owned motor vehicle which may be shipped at United States expense.

(b) Transportation (including packing, crating, draying, temporarily storing, and unpacking of household and personal effects) may be provided for the dependents and household and personal effects of an employee in active service (without regard to pay grade) who is officially reported as dead, injured, or absent for more than 29 days in a status listed in section 5561(5) (A)–(E) of this title to—

(1) the official residence of record for the employee;

(2) the residence of his dependent, next of kin, or other person entitled to the effects under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned; or

(3) another location determined in advance or later approved by the head of the agency concerned or his designee on request of the employee (if injured) or his dependent, next of kin, or other person described in paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(c) When an employee described in subsection (b) of this section is in an injured status, transportation of dependents and household and personal effects may be provided under this section only when prolonged hospitalization or treatment is anticipated.

(d) Transportation on request of a dependent may be authorized under this section only when there is a reasonable relationship between the circumstances of the dependent and the destination requested.

(e) Instead of providing transportation for dependents under this section, when the travel has been completed the head of the agency concerned may authorize—

(1) reimbursement for the commercial cost of the transportation; or

(2) a monetary allowance, instead of transportation, as authorized by statute for the whole or that part of the travel for which transportation in kind was not furnished.

(f) The head of the agency concerned may store the household and personal effects of an employee described in subsection (b) of this section until proper disposition can be made. The cost of the storage and transportation (including packing, crating, draying, temporarily storing, and unpacking) of household and personal effects shall be charged against appropriations currently available.

(g) When the head of the agency concerned determines that an emergency exists and that a sale would be in the best interests of the United States, he may provide for the public or private sale of motor vehicles and other bulky items of the household and personal effects of an employee described in subsection (b) of this section. Before a sale, and if practicable, a reasonable effort shall be made to determine the desires of interested persons. The net proceeds from the sale shall be sent to the owner or other person entitled thereto under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned. If there is no owner or other person entitled thereto, or if the owner or other person or their addresses are not ascertained within 1 year from the date of sale, the net proceeds may be covered into the Treasury of the United States as miscellaneous receipts.

(h) A claim for net proceeds covered into the Treasury under subsection (g) of this section may be filed with the Administrator of General Services by the owner, his heir or next of kin, or his legal representative at any time before the end of 5 years from the date the proceeds are covered into the Treasury. When a claim is filed, the Administrator of General Services shall allow or disallow it. A claim that is allowed shall be paid from the appropriation for refunding money erroneously received and covered. If a claim is not filed before the end of 5 years from the date the proceeds are covered into the Treasury, it is barred from being acted on by the Administrator of General Services or the courts.

(i) This section does not amend or repeal—

(1) section 2575, 2733, 4712, 6522, or 9712 of title 10;

(2) section 507 1 of title 14; or

(3) chapter 171 of title 28.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 491; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(33), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1063(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, §202(a), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3842.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (14th sentence). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §12, 56 Stat. 146. Feb. 12, 1946, ch. 6, §1(a), 60 Stat. 5. |

Aug. 29, 1951, ch. 356, §1, 65 Stat. 207. | ||

Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(d), 67 Stat. 21. | ||

Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(d), 71 Stat. 492. | ||

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (1st sentence). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(8), 78 Stat. 437. |

50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1012 (1st sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §12 (1st sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |
|

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (12th sentence). | |

(d) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (13th sentence). | |

(e) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (11th sentence). | |

(f) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (9th and 10th sentences). | |

(g) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (2d–4th sentences). | |

(h) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (5th–7th sentences). | |

(i) | 50A U.S.C. 1012 (8th sentence). |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "Beginning June 25, 1950, and" are omitted as executed. The words "not to exceed" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "outside the United States, or in Alaska or Hawaii" are substituted for "outside the continental limits of the United States or in Alaska".

In subsection (b), the words "Transportation . . . may be provided" are substituted for "may be moved". The words "an employee . . . for more than 28 days in a status listed in section 5561(5)(A)–(E) of this title" are substituted for "person . . . for a period of thirty days or more in any status listed in section 2 of this Act" for clarity and to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). In paragraph (1), the words "the employee" are substituted for "any such person". In paragraph (3), the words "head of the agency concerned or his designee" are substituted for "head of the department concerned or by such person as he may designate".

In subsection (c), the word "employee" is substituted for "person". The words "transportation . . . may be provided under this section only when" are substituted for "movement . . . provided for herein may be authorized only in cases where".

In subsection (d), the words "on request of a dependent may be provided under . . . only" are substituted for "No . . . shall be authorized pursuant to . . . upon application by dependents unless". The words "condition and" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (e)(1), the words "reimbursement for" are substituted for "the payment in money of amounts equal to".

In subsection (f), the word "employee" is substituted for "person". The words "such time as" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (g), the words "United States" are substituted for "Government" to conform to the style of this title. The word "employee" is substituted for "person". The words "under . . . prescribed" are substituted for "in accordance with . . . issued".

In subsection (h), the words "under subsection (g) of this section" are substituted for "under authority of this section".

In subsection (i), the words "the provisions of" are omitted as surplusage. Paragraph (3) is substituted for "the Federal Tort Claims Act (60 Stat. 842–847), as amended;" to reflect the correct citation of that Act.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5564(a) | 50 App.: 1012. | Oct. 19, 1965, Pub. L. 89–271, 79 Stat. 992. |


Only that portion of the source law applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section. That portion of the source law applicable to members of the uniformed services and their dependents is codified in 37 U.S.C. 554(a) by section 5(2) of this bill.

Section 507 of title 14, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), was redesignated section 2710 of title 14 by Pub. L. 115–282, title I, §116(b)(2), Dec. 4, 2018, 132 Stat. 4226, and references to section 507 of title 14 deemed to refer to such redesignated section, see section 123(b)(1) of Pub. L. 115–282, set out as a References to Sections of Title 14 as Redesignated by Pub. L. 115–282 note preceding section 101 of Title 14, Coast Guard.

**1996**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "Administrator of General Services" for "General Accounting Office" wherever appearing.

**1991**—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 102–190 substituted "6522, or 9712" for "4713, 6522, 9712, or 9713".

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) When an employee has been in a missing status almost 12 months and no official report of his death or the circumstances of his continued absence has been received by the head of the agency concerned, he shall have the case fully reviewed. After that review and the end of 12 months in a missing status, or after any later review which shall be made when warranted by information received or other circumstances, the head of the agency concerned or his designee may—

(1) direct the continuance of his missing status, if there is a reasonable presumption that the employee is alive; or

(2) make a finding of death.

(b) When a finding of death is made under subsection (a) of this section, it shall include the date death is presumed to have occurred for the purpose of the ending of crediting pay and allowances and settlement of accounts. That date is—

(1) the day after the day on which the 12 months in a missing status ends; or

(2) a day determined by the head of the agency concerned or his designee when the missing status has been continued under subsection (a) of this section.

(c) For the purpose of determining status under this section, a dependent of an employee in active service is deemed an employee. A determination under this section made by the head of the agency concerned or his designee is conclusive on all other agencies of the United States. This section does not entitle a dependent to pay, allowances, or other compensation to which he is not otherwise entitled.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 492.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1005 (1st and 2d sentences). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §5, 56 Stat. 145. Dec. 24, 1942, ch. 828, §1 (3d par.), 56 Stat. 1093. |

Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(4), 78 Stat. 437. | ||

50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1005 (1st sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §5 (1st sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |
|

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1005 (less 1st and 2d sentences). | |

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(b) (as applicable to §1005). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §9(b) (as applicable to §5); added Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(c), 71 Stat. 492. |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "When an employee has been in a missing status almost 12 months" are substituted for "When the twelve months' period from the date of commencement of absence is about to expire in any case of a person entitled under section 2 of this Act to receive or be credited with pay and allowances" for clarity and to conform to the definitions in section 5561(2) and (5). For the same reasons, the words "the end of 12 months in a missing status" are substituted for "the twelve months' absence shall have expired". The words "or his designee" are supplied on authority of 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) which is codified in part in section 5566(a). In paragraph (1), the words "his" and "employee" are substituted for "person's" and "person".

In subsection (b), the words "under subsection (a) of this section" are inserted for clarity. The words "and payment of death gratuities" are omitted as inapplicable to civilian officers and employees. In paragraph (1), the words "the day on which the 12 months in a missing status ends" are substituted for "the day of expiration of an absence of twelve months" for consistency with subsection (a) of this section and in view of the definition in section 5561(5). In paragraph (2), the words "or his designee" are supplied on authority of 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) which is in part codified in section 5566(a). The words "under subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "as hereinbefore authorized".

In subsection (c), the word "sole" is omitted as surplusage and in view of the provisions of section 5566(h). The word "deemed" is supplied to evidence the legal fiction provided by the words "is a 'person' under this Act" in 50A U.S.C. 1009(a). The words "or his designee" are supplied on authority of 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) which is in part codified in section 5566(a). The words "agencies of the United States" are substituted for "departments of the Government". The words "This section does not entitle" are substituted for *"Provided*, That nothing in this section shall be construed as conferring . . . any right".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The head of the agency concerned or his designee may make any determination necessary to administer this subchapter, and when so made it is conclusive as to—

(1) death or finding of death;

(2) the fact of dependency under this subchapter;

(3) any other status covered by this subchapter;

(4) an essential date, including one on which evidence or information is received by the head of the agency concerned; and

(5) whether information received concerning an employee is to be construed and acted on as an official report of death.

(b) When the head of the agency concerned receives information that he considers to conclusively establish the death of an employee, he shall take action thereon as an official report of death, notwithstanding an earlier action relating to death or other status of the employee. After the end of 12 months in a missing status prescribed by section 5565 of this title, the head of the agency concerned or his designee shall make a finding of death when he considers that the information received, or a lapse of time without information, establishes a reasonable presumption that an employee in a missing status is dead.

(c) The head of the agency concerned or his designee may determine the entitlement of an employee to pay and allowances under this subchapter, including credits and charges in his account, and that determination is conclusive. An account may not be charged or debited with an amount that an employee captured, beleaguered, or besieged by a hostile force may receive or be entitled to receive from, or have placed to his credit by, the hostile force as pay, allowances, or other compensation.

(d) When circumstances warrant the reconsideration of a determination made under this subchapter, the head of the agency concerned or his designee may change or modify it.

(e) When the account of an employee has been charged or debited with an allotment paid under this subchapter, the amount so charged or debited shall be recredited to the account of the employee if the head of the agency concerned or his designee determines that the payment was induced by fraud or misrepresentation to which the employee was not a party.

(f) Except an allotment for an unearned insurance premium, an allotment paid from the pay and allowances of an employee for the period he is in a missing status may not be collected from the allottee as an overpayment when payment was caused by delay in receiving evidence of death. An allotment paid for a period after the end, under this subchapter or otherwise, of entitlement to pay and allowances may not be collected from the allottee or charged against the pay of a deceased employee when payment was caused by delay in receiving evidence of death.

(g) The head of the agency concerned or his designee may waive the recovery of an erroneous payment or overpayment of an allotment to a dependent if he considers recovery is against equity and good conscience.

(h) For the purpose of determining status under this section, a dependent of an employee in active service is deemed an employee. A determination under this section made by the head of the agency concerned or his designee is conclusive on all other agencies of the United States. This section does not entitle a dependent to pay, allowances, or other compensation to which he is not otherwise entitled.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 493.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (1st and 2d sentences). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §9(a) (less 5th and last sentences); added July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §5, 58 Stat. 680. |

Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(c), 67 Stat. 21. | ||

Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(c), 71 Stat. 492. | ||

50A U.S.C. 1010. | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §10, 56 Stat. 145. | |

July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §6, 58 Stat. 681. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(7), 78 Stat. 437. |
||

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (3d and 4th sentences). | |

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (6th sentence, less last proviso). | |

50A U.S.C. 1014 (as applicable to §1009(a) (1st proviso of 6th sentence)). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §14 (as applicable to §9(a) (1st proviso of 6th sentence)), 56 Stat. 147. Apr. 4, 1953, ch. 17, §1(e), 67 Stat. 21. |
|

(d) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (7th sentence). | |

(e) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (last proviso of 6th sentence). | |

(f) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (8th sentence). | |

(g) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (9th sentence). | |

(h) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(b) (as applicable to §1009). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §9(b) (as applicable to §9); added Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(c), 71 Stat. 492. |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "head of the agency concerned or his designee" are substituted for "head of the department concerned, or such subordinate as he may designate". The words "for the purposes of this Act" are omitted as surplusage. The words "final and" in 50A U.S.C. 1010 are omitted as surplusage and for consistency with 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (1st sentence). The words "the determination of the fact of dependency for the purpose of payment of all six months' death gratuities as authorized by law, and the determination of the fact of dependency under the provisions of any and all other laws providing for the payment of pay, allowances, or other emoluments to enlisted personnel in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard of the United States where such payments are contingent upon dependency" in 50A U.S.C. 1010 are omitted as inapplicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents. In paragraph (2), the words "under this subchapter" are substituted for "under the provisions of this Act". In paragraph (3), the words "covered by this subchapter" are substituted for "dealt with by this Act". In paragraph (4), the words "by the head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "in such department or by the head thereof". In paragraph (5), the word "employee" is substituted for "person".

In subsection (b), the words "head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "department concerned". The word "employee" is substituted for "person". In the second sentence, the words "the head of the agency concerned or his designee" are inserted for clarity. The words "is dead" are substituted for "is no longer alive" for consistency with references in this section to "death".

In subsection (c), the words "or his designee" are substituted for "or by such subordinate as he may designate". The words "captured, beleaguered, or besieged by a hostile force" are substituted for "in the hands of a hostile force" on authority of 50A U.S.C. 1014.

In subsection (d), the words "under this subchapter" are substituted for "authorized to be made by this Act". The words "or his designee" are substituted for "or such subordinate as he may designate".

In subsection (e), the words "an employee . . . allotment paid under this subchapter" are substituted for "any person . . . allotments paid pursuant to this Act". The words "the employee if the head of the agency concerned or his designee" are substituted for "such person's . . . in any case in which . . . the head of the department concerned, or such subordinate as he may designate."

In subsection (f), the words "may not be collected" are substituted for "shall not be subject to collection" in two places. The word "employee" is substituted for "person".

In subsection (g), the words "or his designee" are substituted for "or such subordinate as he may designate".

In subsection (h), the word "sole" is omitted as surplusage and in view of the provisions of section 5565(c). The word "deemed" is supplied to evidence the legal fiction provided by the words "is a 'person' under this Act" in 50A U.S.C. 1009(a). The words "or his designee" are supplied on authority of 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) which is codified in part in subsection (a) of this section. The words "agencies of the United States" are substituted for "departments of the Government". The words "This section does not entitle" are substituted for *"Provided*, That nothing in this section shall be construed as conferring . . . any right".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The head of the agency concerned or his designee may settle the accounts of—

(1) an employee for whose account payment has been made under sections 5562, 5563, and 5565 of this title; and

(2) a survivor of a casualty to a ship, station, or military installation which results in the loss or destruction of disbursing records.

That settlement is conclusive on the accounting officials of the United States in settling the accounts of disbursing officials.

(b) Payment or settlement of an account made pursuant to a report, determination, or finding of death may not be recovered or reopened because of a later report or determination which fixes a date of death. However, an account shall be reopened and settled on the basis of a date of death so fixed which is later than that used as a basis for earlier settlement.

(c) In settling the accounts of a disbursing official, he is entitled to credit for an erroneous payment or overpayment made by him in carrying out this subchapter, except section 5568, if there is no fraud or criminality by him. Recovery may not be made from an individual who authorizes a payment under this subchapter, except section 5568, if there is no fraud or criminality by him.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 494.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 50A U.S.C. 1011. | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §11, 56 Stat. 146. |

(b) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (5th sentence). | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §9(a) (5th and last sentences); added |

July 1, 1944, ch. 371, §5, 58 Stat. 680. Aug. 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–217, §1(c), 71 Stat. 492. |
||

(c) | 50A U.S.C. 1009(a) (last sentence). |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

In subsection (a), the words "or his designee" are substituted for "or such person as he may designate". The word "employee" is substituted for "persons". The words "United States" are substituted for "Government" to conform to the style of this title.

In subsection (c), the words "in carrying out this subchapter, except section 5568" are substituted for "in carrying out the provisions of this Act, except sections 13, 16, 17, and 18", since sections 16 and 17 are scheduled for repeal (see Table II) and section 18 was previously repealed. The words "under this subchapter, except section 5568" are substituted for "under such provisions" for the reasons stated in the preceding sentence.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Notwithstanding other statutes, any Federal income tax return of, or the payment of any Federal income tax by, an employee who, at the time the return or payment would otherwise become due, is in a missing status does not become due until the earlier of the following dates:

(1) the fifteenth day of the third month in which he ceased (except because of death or incompetency) being in a missing status, unless before the end of that fifteenth day he is again in a missing status; or

(2) the fifteenth day of the third month after the month in which an executor, administrator, or conservator of the estate of the taxpayer is appointed.

That due date is prescribed subject to the power of the Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate to extend the time for filing the return or paying the tax, as in other cases, and to assess and collect the tax as provided by sections 6851, 6861, and 6871 of title 26 in cases in which the assessment or collection is jeopardized and in cases of bankruptcy or receivership.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 494.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

50A U.S.C. 1013. | Mar. 7, 1942, ch. 166, §13, 56 Stat. 146. | |

Aug. 8, 1947, ch. 515, §6, 61 Stat. 918. Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–428, §1(9), 78 Stat. 437. |


Only that portion of the source law which is applicable to civilian officers and employees and their dependents is codified in this section.

The words "in the case of any taxable year beginning after December 31, 1940" are omitted as unnecessary.

The words "an employee" are substituted for "any civilian officer or employee of any department" to conform to the definition in section 5561(2). The words "in a missing status" are substituted for "absent from his duty station under the conditions specified in section 2 of this Act" to conform to the definition in section 5561(5) and in view of the provisions of section 5562 establishing the entitlement of an employee in a missing status to receive pay and allowances or to have them credited to his account. Reference to "title 26" is substituted for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "captive" means any individual in a captive status commencing while such individual is—

(A) in the Civil Service, or

(B) a citizen, national, or resident alien of the United States rendering personal service to the United States similar to the service of an individual in the Civil Service (other than as a member of the uniformed services);

(2) "captive status" means a missing status which, as determined by the President, arises because of a hostile action and is a result of the individual's relationship with the Government;

(3) "missing status"—

(A) in the case of an employee, has the meaning provided under section 5561(5) of this title; and

(B) in the case of an individual other than an employee, has a similar meaning; and

(4) "family member", as used with respect to a person, means—

(A) any dependent of such person; and

(B) any individual (other than a dependent under subparagraph (A)) who is a member of such person's family or household.

(b)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury shall establish a savings fund to which the head of an agency may allot all or any portion of the pay and allowances of any captive to the extent that such pay and allowances are not subject to an allotment under section 5563 of this title or any other provision of law.

(2) Amounts so allotted to the savings fund shall bear interest at a rate which, for any calendar quarter, shall be equal to the average rate paid on United States Treasury bills with 3-month maturities issued during the preceding calendar quarter. Such interest shall be compounded quarterly.

(3) Amounts in the savings fund credited to a captive shall be considered as pay and allowances for purposes of section 5563 of this title and shall otherwise be subject to withdrawal under procedures which the Secretary of the Treasury shall establish.

(4) Any interest accruing under this subsection on—

(A) any amount for which an individual is indebted to the United States under section 5562(c) of this title shall be deemed to be part of the amount due under such section 5562(c); and

(B) any amount referred to in section 5566(f) of this title shall be deemed to be part of such amount for purposes of such section 5566(f).

(5) An allotment under this subsection may be made without regard to section 5563(c) of this title.

(c) The head of an agency shall pay (by advancement or reimbursement) any individual who is a captive, and any family member of such individual, for medical and health care, and other expenses related to such care, to the extent that such care—

(1) is incident to such individual being a captive; and

(2) is not covered—

(A) by any Government medical or health program; or

(B) by insurance.

(d)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), the President shall make a cash payment, computed under paragraph (2), to any individual who became or becomes a captive commencing on or after November 4, 1979. Such payment shall be made before the end of the one-year period beginning on the date on which the captive status of such individual terminates or, in the case of any individual whose status as a captive terminated before the date of the enactment of the Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act, before the end of the one-year period beginning on such date.

(2) Except as provided in section 802 of the Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act, the amount of the payment under this subsection with respect to an individual held as a captive shall be not less than one-half of the amount of the world-wide average per diem rate under section 5702 of this title which was in effect for each day that individual was so held.

(3) The President—

(A) may defer a payment under this subsection in the case of any individual who, during the one-year period described in paragraph (1), is charged with an offense described in subparagraph (B), until final disposition of such charge; and

(B) may deny such payment in the case of any individual who is convicted of an offense described in subsection (b) or (c) of section 8312 of this title committed—

(i) during the period of captivity of such individual; and

(ii) related to the captive status of such individual.

(4) A payment under this subsection shall be in addition to any other amount provided by law.

(5) The provisions of subchapter VIII of this chapter (or, in the case of any person not covered by such subchapter, similar provisions prescribed by the President) shall apply with respect to any amount due an individual under paragraph (1) after such individual's death.

(6) Any payment made under paragraph (1) which is later denied under paragraph (3)(B) is a claim of the United States Government for purposes of section 3711 of title 31.

(e)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the President, the benefits provided by the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, including the benefits provided by section 702 of such Act but excluding the benefits provided by sections 104, 105, and 106, title IV, and title V (other than sections 501 and 510) of such Act, shall be provided in the case of any individual who is a captive.

(2) In applying such Act under this subsection—

(A) the term "servicemember" is deemed to include any such captive;

(B) the term "period of military service" is deemed to include the period during which the individual is in a captive status; and

(C) references to the Secretary of the Army, the Secretary of the Navy, the Adjutant General of the Army, the Chief of Naval Personnel, and the Commandant, United States Marine Corps, are deemed, in the case of any captive, to be references to an individual designated for that purpose by the President.

(f)(1)(A) Under regulations prescribed by the President, the head of an agency shall pay (by advancement or reimbursement) a spouse or child of a captive for expenses incurred for subsistence, tuition, fees, supplies, books, and equipment, and other educational expenses, while attending an educational or training institution.

(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), payments shall be available under this paragraph for a spouse or child of an individual who is a captive for education or training which occurs—

(i) after that individual has been in captive status for 90 days or more, and

(ii) on or before—

(I) the end of any semester or quarter (as appropriate) which begins before the date on which the captive status of that individual terminates, or

(II) if the educational or training institution is not operated on a semester or quarter system, the earlier of the end of any course which began before such date or the end of the 16-week period following that date.

In order to respond to special circumstances, the appropriate agency head may specify a date for purposes of cessation of assistance under clause (ii) which is later than the date which would otherwise apply under such clause.

(C) In the event a captive dies and the death is incident to that individual being a captive, payments shall be available under this paragraph for a spouse or child of such individual for education or training which occurs after the date of such individual's death.

(D) The preceding provisions of this paragraph shall not apply with respect to any spouse or child who is eligible for assistance under chapter 35 of title 38 or similar assistance under any other provision of law.

(E) For the purpose of this paragraph, "child" means a dependent under section 5561(3)(B) of this title.

(2)(A) In order to respond to special circumstances, the head of an agency may pay (by advancement or reimbursement) a captive for expenses incurred for subsistence, tuition, fees, supplies, books, and equipment, and other educational expenses, while attending an educational or training institution.

(B) Payments shall be available under this paragraph for a captive for education or training which occurs—

(i) after the termination of that individual's captive status, and

(ii) on or before—

(I) the end of any semester or quarter (as appropriate) which begins before the date which is 10 years after the day on which the captive status of that individual terminates, or

(II) if the educational or training institution is not operated on a semester or quarter system, the earlier of the end of any course which began before such date or the end of the 16-week period following that date, and

shall be available only to the extent that such payments are not otherwise authorized by law.

(3) Assistance under this subsection—

(A) shall be discontinued for any individual whose conduct or progress is unsatisfactory under standards consistent with those established pursuant to section 3524 of title 38; and

(B) may not be provided for any individual for a period in excess of 45 months (or the equivalent thereof in other than full-time education or training).

(4) Regulations prescribed to carry out this subsection shall provide that the program under this subsection shall be consistent with the assistance program under chapters 35 and 36 of title 38.

(g) Any benefit provided under subsection (c) or (d) may, under regulations prescribed by the President, be provided to a family member of an individual if—

(1) such family member is held in captive status; and

(2) such individual is performing service for the United States as described in subsection (a)(1)(A) when the captive status of such family member commences.

(h) Except as provided in subsection (d), this section applies with respect to any individual in a captive status commencing after January 21, 1981.

(i) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, any determination by the President under subsection (a)(2) or (d) shall be conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.

(j) The President may prescribe regulations necessary to administer this section.

(k) Any benefit or payment pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds available for salaries and expenses of the relevant agency of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §803(a), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 879; amended Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 108–189, §2(b)(2), Dec. 19, 2003, 117 Stat. 2865.)

The date of the enactment of the Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act [title VIII of Pub. L. 99–399], referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is Aug. 27, 1986.

Section 802 of the Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act [Pub. L. 99–399], referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is set out as a note below.

The Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is act Oct. 17, 1940, ch. 888, 54 Stat. 1178, which is classified to chapter 50 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. Titles IV and V of the Act are classified to subchapters IV (§3971 et seq.) and V (§3991 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 50 of Title 50. Sections 104, 105, 106, 501, 510, and 702 of the Act are classified to sections 3914, 3915, 3917, 3991, 4000, and 4022, respectively, of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2003**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–189, §2(b)(2)(A), which directed substitution of "provided by the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act, including the benefits provided by section 702 of such Act but excluding the benefits provided by sections 104, 105, and 106, title IV, and title V (other than sections 501 and 510) of such Act" for " 'provided by the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940' and all that follows through 'of such Act' " was executed by making the substitution for "provided by the Soldiers' and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, including the benefits provided by section 701 of such Act but excluding the benefits provided by sections 104, 105, 106, 400 through 408, 501 through 512, and 514 of such Act" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–189, §2(b)(2)(B), substituted "servicemember" for "person in the military service".

**1991**—Subsec. (f)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted "section 3524 of title 38" for "section 1724 of title 38".

Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §801, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 879, provided that: "This title [enacting this section, section 5570 of this title, sections 1051, 1095, and 2181 to 2185 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and sections 559 and 1013 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, amending section 6325 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 1051, 1095, and 2181 of Title 10, and section 559 of Title 37] may be cited as the 'Victims of Terrorism Compensation Act'."

Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §802, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 879, provided that: "The amount of the payment for individuals in the Civil Service referred to in section 5569(d) of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 803 of this title), or for individuals in the uniformed services referred to in section 559(c) of title 37, United States Code (as added by section 806 of this title), as the case may be, shall be $50 for each day any such individual was held in captive status during a period commencing on or after November 4, 1979, and ending on or before January 21, 1981."

Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §805, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 883, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) Interest on amounts so allotted with respect to any such pay period shall be calculated as if the allotment had occurred at the end of such pay period.

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §807, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 889, provided that: "Any regulation required by this title or by any amendment made by this title [see Short Title note above] shall take effect not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 27, 1986]."

Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §808, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 889, provided that: "Provisions enacted by this title [see Short Title note above] which provide new spending authority described in section 401(c)(2)(C) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 651(c)(2)(C)] shall not be effective until October 1, 1986."

Ex. Ord. No. 12576, Dec. 2, 1986, 51 F.R. 43721, relating to victims of terrorism compensation, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12598, June 17, 1987, 52 F.R. 23421, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12598, June 17, 1987, 52 F.R. 23421, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Title VIII of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–399, 100 Stat. 853) ("the Act") [see Short Title note set out above], and in order to provide for the implementation of that Act, it is hereby ordered as follows:

Ronald Reagan.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) any individual in the Civil Service; and

(B) any individual rendering personal service to the United States similar to the service of an individual in the Civil Service (other than as a member of the uniformed services); and

(2) "family member", as used with respect to an employee, means—

(A) any dependent of such employee; and

(B) any individual (other than a dependent under subparagraph (A)) who is a member of the employee's family or household.

(b) The President shall prescribe regulations under which an agency head may pay compensation for the disability or death of an employee or a family member of an employee if, as determined by the President, the disability or death was caused by hostile action and was a result of the individual's relationship with the Government.

(c) Any compensation otherwise payable to an individual under this section in connection with any disability or death shall be reduced by any amounts payable to such individual under any other program funded in whole or in part by the United States (excluding any amount payable under section 5569(d) of this title) in connection with such disability or death, except that nothing in this subsection shall result in the reduction of any amount below zero.

(d) A determination by the President under subsection (b) shall be conclusive and shall not be subject to judicial review.

(e) Compensation under this section may include payment (whether by advancement or reimbursement) for any medical or health expenses relating to the death or disability involved to the extent that such expenses are not covered under subsection (c) of section 5569 of this title (other than because of paragraph (2) of such subsection).

(f) This section applies with respect to any disability or death resulting from an injury which occurs after January 21, 1981.

(g) Any benefit or payment pursuant to this section shall be paid out of funds available for salaries and expenses of the relevant agency of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §803(a), Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 882.)

Pub. L. 112–73, Dec. 20, 2011, 125 Stat. 784, provided that:

"This Act may be cited as the 'Civilian Service Recognition Act of 2011'.

"(a)

"(1) was an employee of the agency; and

"(2) dies of injuries incurred in connection with such individual's employment with the Federal Government, suffered as a result of a criminal act, an act of terrorism, a natural disaster, or other circumstance as determined by the President.

"(b)

"(1) the employee's widow or widower, child, sibling, or parent; or

"(2) if no request is received from an individual described in paragraph (1), an individual other than the next of kin as determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

"(1)

"(2)

Functions of the President under this section delegated to the Secretary of State to be exercised in consultation with the Secretary of Labor, see Ex. Ord. No. 12598, June 17, 1987, 52 F.R. 23421, set out as a note under section 5569 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title; and

(B) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;

but does not include an employee of—

(i) a Federal land bank;

(ii) a Federal intermediate credit bank;

(iii) a regional bank for cooperatives; or

(iv) the Senate within the purview of section 36a of title 2; 1 and

(2) "money due" means the pay and allowances due on account of the services of a deceased employee for the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia. It includes, but is not limited to—

(A) per diem instead of subsistence, mileage, and amounts due in reimbursement of travel expenses, including incidental and miscellaneous expenses in connection therewith for which reimbursement is due;

(B) allowances on change of official station;

(C) quarters and cost-of-living allowances and overtime or premium pay;

(D) amounts due for payment of cash awards for employees' suggestions;

(E) amounts due as refund of pay deductions for United States savings bonds;

(F) payment for accumulated and current accrued annual or vacation leave equal to the pay the deceased employee would have received had he lived and remained in the service until the end of the period of annual or vacation leave;

(G) amounts of checks drawn for pay and allowances which were not delivered by the Government to the employee during his lifetime;

(H) amounts of unnegotiated checks returned to the Government because of the death of the employee; and

(I) retroactive pay under section 5344(a) (2) of this title.

It does not include benefits, refunds, or interest payable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title applicable to the service of the deceased employee, or amounts the disposition of which is otherwise expressly prescribed by Federal statute.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(34), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1) | 5 U.S.C. 61k. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §7, 64 Stat. 396. Apr. 30, 1954, ch. 177, §2, 68 Stat. 65. |

(2) | 5 U.S.C. 61g. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §2, 64 Stat. 396. |

July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §5, 67 Stat. 138. | ||

Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §501, 68 Stat. 1115. | ||

Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–914, §1, 72 Stat. 1761. | ||

5 U.S.C. 61i. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §4, 64 Stat. 396. |


Paragraph (1) is supplied for convenience and is based on the first 35 words of former section 61f, which is carried into section 5582, and former section 61k.

The exception for production credit corporations in section 7 of the Act of Aug. 3, 1950, is omitted as they were merged in the Federal intermediate credit banks by the Farm Credit Act of 1956, 70 Stat. 659.

The exception in paragraph (1)(iv) for employees of the Senate is added on authority of the Act of Jan. 6, 1951, ch. 1213, 64 Stat. 1124; 2 U.S.C. 36a.

In paragraph (2), the definition of "money due" is substituted for "unpaid compensation". Paragraph (2)(I) is added on authority of former section 1182(a)(2), which is carried into section 5344.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 36a of title 2, referred to in par. (1)(iv), was editorially reclassified as section 4592 of Title 2, The Congress.

Section 5344 of this title, referred to in par. (2)(I), was amended generally by Pub. L. 92–392 and provisions relating to retroactive pay formerly contained in section 5344(a)(2) are contained in section 5344(b)(2).

**1979**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–54 inserted "and" after cl. (iv).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The employing agency shall notify each employee of his right to designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries to receive money due, and of the disposition of money due if a beneficiary is not designated. An employee may change or revoke a designation at any time under regulations promulgated—

(1) by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management or his designee, in the case of an employee of an executive agency;

(2) jointly by the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, or their designee, in the case of an employee of the legislative branch; and

(3) by the Chief Justice of the United States or his or her designee, in the case of an employee of the judicial branch.

(b) In order to facilitate the settlement of the accounts of deceased employees, money due an employee at the time of his death shall be paid to the person or persons surviving at the date of death, in the following order of precedence, and the payment bars recovery by another person of amounts so paid:

First, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries designated by the employee in a writing received in the employing agency before his death.

Second, if there is no designated beneficiary, to the widow or widower of the employee.

Third, if none of the above, to the child or children of the employee and descendants of deceased children by representation.

Fourth, if none of the above, to the parents of the employee or the survivor of them.

Fifth, if none of the above, to the duly appointed legal representative of the estate of the employee.

Sixth, if none of the above, to the person or persons entitled under the laws of the domicile of the employee at the time of his death.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(c), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3828.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 61j. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §5, 64 Stat. 396. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 61f. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §1, 64 Stat. 395. |


Subsection (a) is restated for clarity. The word "officers" is omitted as included in "employee".

In subsection (b), so much of the first 35 words of former section 61f as states the application is carried into the definition of "employee" in section 5581(1). The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "An employee may change or revoke a designation at any time under regulations promulgated—" for "An employee may change or revoke a designation at any time under such regulations as the Comptroller General of the United States may prescribe." in introductory provisions and added pars. (1) to (3).

(a) Under such regulations as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, the employing agency shall pay money due a deceased employee to the beneficiary designated by the employee under section 5582(b) of this title, or, if none, to the widow or widower of the employee.

(b) The Director may by regulation prescribe the method for settlement of accounts payable under subsection (a) of this section. However—

(1) accounts of employees of the government of the District of Columbia shall be paid by the District of Columbia; and

(2) accounts of employees of Government corporations or mixed ownership Government corporations may be paid by the corporations.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 496; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(7), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 104–316, title II, §202(b), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3842.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 61h. | Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 518, §3, 64 Stat. 396. Apr. 30, 1954, ch. 177, §1, 68 Stat. 64. |


In subsection (a), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–316, §202(b)(1), substituted "Director of the Office of Personnel Management" for "Comptroller General of the United States".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–316, §202(b)(2), substituted "The Director may by regulation prescribe the method for settlement of accounts payable under subsection (a) of this section." for "Except as the Comptroller General may by regulation otherwise authorize or direct, accounts not payable under subsection (a) of this section are payable on settlement of the General Accounting Office."

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–70 struck out par. (2) providing that accounts of the employees of the Canal Zone Government be paid by the Canal Zone Government, and redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a) A claim of the United States against a person arising out of an erroneous payment of pay or allowances made on or after July 1, 1960, or arising out of an erroneous payment of travel, transportation or relocation expenses and allowances, to an employee of an agency, the collection of which would be against equity and good conscience and not in the best interests of the United States, may be waived in whole or in part by—

(1) the authorized official;

(2) the head of the agency when—

(A) the claim is in an amount aggregating not more than $1,500; and

(B) the waiver is made in accordance with standards which the authorized official shall prescribe; or

(3) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts when the claim is in an amount aggregating not more than $10,000 and involves an officer or employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, or any of the courts set forth in section 610 of title 28.

(b) The authorized official or the head of the agency, as the case may be, may not exercise his authority under this section to waive any claim—

(1) if, in his opinion, there exists, in connection with the claim, an indication of fraud, misrepresentation, fault, or lack of good faith on the part of the employee or any other person having an interest in obtaining a waiver of the claim;

(2) except in the case of employees of the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, or the Botanic Garden, if application for waiver is received in his office, after the expiration of three years immediately following the date on which the erroneous payment of pay was discovered or three years immediately following October 21, 1968, whichever is later;

(3) except in the case of employees of the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, or the Botanic Garden, if application for waiver is received in his office after the expiration of three years immediately following the date on which the erroneous payment of allowances was discovered or three years immediately following October 2, 1972, whichever is later;

(4) in the case of employees of the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, or the Botanic Garden, if application for waiver is received in his office after the expiration of 3 years immediately following the date on which the erroneous payment of pay or allowances was discovered or 3 years immediately following July 25, 1974, whichever is later; or

(5) in the case of a claim involving an erroneous payment of travel, transportation or relocation expenses and allowances, if application for waiver is received in his office after the expiration of 3 years immediately following the date on which the erroneous payment was discovered.

(c) A person who has repaid to the United States all or part of the amount of a claim, with respect to which a waiver is granted under this section, is entitled, to the extent of the waiver, to refund, by the employing agency at the time of the erroneous payment, of the amount repaid to the United States, if he applies to that employing agency for that refund within two years following the effective date of the waiver. The employing agency shall pay that refund in accordance with this section.

(d) In the audit and settlement of the accounts of any accountable official, full credit shall be given for any amounts with respect to which collection by the United States is waived under this section.

(e) An erroneous payment, the collection of which is waived under this section, is deemed a valid payment for all purposes.

(f) This section does not affect any authority under any other statute to litigate, settle, compromise, or waive any claim of the United States.

(g) For the purpose of this section, "agency" means—

(1) an Executive agency;

(2) the Government Publishing Office;

(3) the Library of Congress;

(4) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol;

(5) the Botanic Garden;

(6) the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, and any of the courts set forth in section 610 of title 28; and

(7) the Congressional Budget Office.

For purposes of this section, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall be the head of the agency in the case of those entities set forth in paragraph (6) of this subsection.

(g) 1 For the purpose of this section, the term "authorized official" means—

(1) the head of an agency, with respect to an agency or employee in the legislative branch; or

(2) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, with respect to any other agency or employee.

(Added Pub. L. 90–616, §1(a), Oct. 21, 1968, 82 Stat. 1212; amended Pub. L. 92–453, §3(1), Oct. 2, 1972, 86 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 93–359, §1, July 25, 1974, 88 Stat. 393; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(35), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 99–224, §1(a), Dec. 28, 1985, 99 Stat. 1741; Pub. L. 100–702, title X, §1009(a), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4667; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §657(a), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1393; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(d), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3828; Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1100(a), Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**2005**—Subsec. (g)(7). Pub. L. 109–55 added par. (7) in subsec. (g) defining "agency".

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–316, §103(d)(1), in par. (1) substituted "authorized official" for "Comptroller General of the United States", and in par. (2) inserted "and" at end of subpar. (A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B) and substituted "authorized official" for "Comptroller General", and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "the claim is not the subject of an exception made by the Comptroller General in the account of any accountable official; and".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–316, §103(d)(2), substituted "authorized official" for "Comptroller General" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–316, §103(d)(3), added subsec. (g) defining "authorized official".

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–190 substituted "$1,500" for "$500".

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–702, §1009(a)(1), added par. (3).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–702, §1009(a)(2), added par. (6) and last sentence.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–224, §1(a)(1), substituted "and of travel, transportation and relocation expenses and allowances" for "other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–224, §1(a)(2), substituted "made on or after July 1, 1960, or arising out of an erroneous payment of travel, transportation or relocation expenses and allowances" for ", other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses payable under section 5724a of this title, on or after July 1, 1960".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–224, §1(a)(3), added par. (5).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "July 25, 1974" for "the date on which this clause (4) is enacted into law".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–359, §1(1), substituted "agency" for "executive agency" in provisions preceding cl. (1) and in cl. (2) preceding subcl. (A).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–359, §1(1)–(4), substituted "agency" for "executive agency" in provisions preceding cl. (1), inserted "except in the case of employees of the Government Printing Office, the Library of Congress, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, or the Botanic Garden," immediately following the designation "(2)" in cl. (2) and immediately following the designation "(3)" in cl. (3), struck out "or" at end of cl. (2), substituted "October 2, 1972, whichever is later; or" for "the effective date of the amendment authorizing the waiver of allowances, whichever is later" in cl. (3) and struck out the period at end of cl. (3), and added cl. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–359, §1(5), added subsec. (g).

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–453 inserted "and allowances, other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses" in section catchline, and substituted "payment of pay or allowances, other than travel and transportation expenses and allowances and relocation expenses payable under section 5724a of this title" for "payment of pay" in subsec. (a).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 92–453 inserted "if application for waiver is received in his office" in cl. (2), and substituted "October 21, 1968" for "the effective date of this section."

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 92–453 added cl. (3).

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsecs. (b)(2) to (4) and (g)(2) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1100(b), Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 577, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to fiscal year 2006 and each succeeding fiscal year."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–316 effective 60 days after Oct. 19, 1996, see section 101(e)(2) of Pub. L. 104–316, set out as a note under section 4593 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 100–702, title X, §1009(b), Nov. 19, 1988, 102 Stat. 4668, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any claim arising before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 19, 1988] which is pending on such date, and to any claim which arises on or after such date of enactment."

Pub. L. 99–224, §4, Dec. 28, 1985, 99 Stat. 1742, provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 of this Act [amending this section] shall apply to any claim arising out of an erroneous payment of travel, transportation, or relocation expenses and allowances made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 1985]. The amendments made by sections 2 and 3 of this Act [amending section 2774 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 716 of Title 32, National Guard] shall apply to any claim arising out of an erroneous payment of travel and transportation allowances made on or after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54. set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "(h)".

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(34)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201, inserted "SEVERANCE PAY AND" before "BACK PAY" in subchapter heading.

This section deletes sections 5591, 5592, 5593, and 5594 of title 5, United States Code, to reflect the repeal of the source statutes of those sections by the act of March 30, 1966, Public Law 89–380, section 5, 80 Stat. 95.

[Sections, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 496, 497, related to back pay for individuals or preference eligibles reinstated or restored, and are covered by section 5596 of this title.]

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) the Library of Congress;

(C) the Government Publishing Office;

(D) the government of the District of Columbia;

(E) the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, and the courts named by section 610 of title 28; and

(F) the Office of the Architect of the Capitol; and

(2) "employee" means—

(A) an individual employed in or under an agency; and

(B) an individual employed by a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16;

but does not include—

(i) an employee (other than a member of the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, or an employee whose pay is fixed under section 5376) whose rate of basic pay is fixed at a rate provided for one of the levels of the Executive Schedule or is in excess of the maximum rate for the Executive Schedule;

(ii) an employee serving under an appointment with a definite time limitation, except one so appointed for full-time employment without a break in service of more than 3 days following service under an appointment without time limitation;

(iii) an alien employee who occupies a position outside the several States, the District of Columbia, and the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979);

(iv) an employee who is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title or any other retirement statute or retirement system applicable to an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or a member of a uniformed service and who, at the time of separation from the service, has fulfilled the requirements for immediate annuity under such a statute or system;

(v) an employee who, at the time of separation from the service, is receiving compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, other than one receiving this compensation concurrently with pay or on account of the death of another individual;

(vi) an employee who, at the time of separation from the service, is entitled to receive benefits under section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 or any other severance pay from the Government;

(vii) an employee of the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(viii) an employee of the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, who is employed on a temporary when actually employed basis;

(ix) an employee of the Government Publishing Office, who is employed on a temporary when actually employed basis; or

(x) such other employee as may be excluded by regulations of the President or such other officer or agency as he may designate.

(b) Under regulations prescribed by the President or such officer or agency as he may designate, an employee who—

(1) has been employed currently for a continuous period of at least 12 months; and

(2) is involuntarily separated from the service, not by removal for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency;

is entitled to be paid severance pay in regular pay periods by the agency from which separated. However, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agencies specified in subsection (a)(1)(E) of this section. The Architect of the Capitol may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agency specified in subsection (a)(1)(F) of this section. The Director of the Government Publishing Office may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agency specified in subsection (a)(1)(C) of this section.

(c) Severance pay consists of—

(1) a basic severance allowance computed on the basis of 1 week's basic pay at the rate received immediately before separation for each year of civilian service up to and including 10 years for which severance pay has not been received under this or any other authority and 2 weeks' basic pay at that rate for each year of civilian service beyond 10 years for which severance pay has not been received under this or any other authority; and

(2) an age adjustment allowance computed on the basis of 10 percent of the total basic severance allowance for each year by which the age of the recipient exceeds 40 years at the time of separation.

Total severance pay under this section may not exceed 1 year's pay at the rate received immediately before separation. For the purpose of this subsection, "basic pay" includes premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title.

(d) If an employee is reemployed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia before the end of the period covered by payments of severance pay, the payments shall be discontinued beginning with the date of reemployment and the service represented by the unexpired portion of the period shall be recredited to the employee for use in any later computations of severance pay. For the purpose of subsection (b) (1) of this section, reemployment that causes severance pay to be discontinued is deemed employment continuous with that serving as the basis for severance pay.

(e) If the employee dies before the end of the period covered by payments of severance pay, the payments of severance pay with respect to the employee shall be continued as if the employee were living and shall be paid on a pay period basis to the survivor of the employee in accordance with section 5582(b) of this title.

(f) Severance pay under this section is not a basis for payment, and may not be included in the basis for computation, of any other type of United States or District of Columbia Government benefits. A period covered by severance pay is not a period of United States or District of Columbia Government service or employment.

(g) The Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to an individual named by subsection (a)(2)(B) of this section.

(h)(1) Severance pay under this section may not be paid to—

(A) a person described in paragraph (4)(A) during any period in which the person is employed in a defense nonappropriated fund instrumentality; or

(B) a person described in paragraph (4)(B) during any period in which the person is employed in a Coast Guard nonappropriated fund instrumentality.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), payment of severance pay to a person referred to in paragraph (1) may be resumed upon any involuntary separation of the person from the position of employment in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality, not by removal for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency.

(B) Payment of severance pay may not be resumed under subparagraph (A) in the case of a person who, upon separation, is entitled to immediate payment of retired or retainer pay as a member or former member of the uniformed services or to an immediate annuity under—

(i) a retirement system for persons retiring from employment by a nonappropriated fund instrumentality;

(ii) subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title;

(iii) subchapter II of chapter 84 of this title; or

(iv) any other retirement system of the Federal Government for persons retiring from employment with the Federal Government.

(3) Upon resumption of payment of severance pay under paragraph (2)(A) in the case of a person separated as described in such paragraph, the amount of the severance pay so payable for a period shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the portion (if any) of the amount of any severance pay payable for such period to the person by the nonappropriated fund instrumentality that is attributable to credit for service taken into account under subsection (c) in the computation of the amount of the severance pay so resumed.

(4) Paragraph (1) applies to a person who, on or after January 1, 1987, moves without a break in service—

(A) from employment in the Department of Defense that is not employment in a defense nonappropriated fund instrumentality to employment in a defense nonappropriated fund instrumentality; or

(B) from employment in the Coast Guard that is not employment in a Coast Guard nonappropriated fund instrumentality to employment in a Coast Guard nonappropriated fund instrumentality.

(5) The Secretary of Defense, in consultation with the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

(6) In this subsection:

(A) The term "defense nonappropriated fund instrumentality" means a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense.

(B) The term "Coast Guard nonappropriated fund instrumentality" means a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Coast Guard.

(C) The term "nonappropriated fund instrumentality" means a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described in section 2105(c) of this title.

(i)(1) In the case of an employee of the Department of Defense who is entitled to severance pay under this section, the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of the military department concerned may, upon application by the employee, pay the total amount of the severance pay to the employee in one lump sum.

(2)(A) If an employee paid severance pay in a lump sum under this subsection is reemployed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia at such time that, had the employee been paid severance pay in regular pay periods under subsection (b), the payments of such pay would have been discontinued under subsection (d) upon such reemployment, the employee shall repay to the Department of Defense (for the military department that formerly employed the employee, if applicable) an amount equal to the amount of severance pay to which the employee was entitled under this section that would not have been paid to the employee under subsection (d) by reason of such reemployment.

(B) The period of service represented by an amount of severance pay repaid by an employee under subparagraph (A) shall be considered service for which severance pay has not been received by the employee under this section.

(C) Amounts repaid to an agency under this paragraph shall be credited to the appropriation available for the pay of employees of the agency for the fiscal year in which received. Amounts so credited shall be merged with, and shall be available for the same purposes and the same period as, the other funds in that appropriation.

(3) If an employee fails to repay to an agency an amount required to be repaid under paragraph (2)(A), that amount is recoverable from the employee as a debt due the United States.

(4) This subsection applies with respect to severance pay payable under this section for separations taking effect on or after February 10, 1996, and before October 1, 2018.

(j)(1) In the case of an employee of the Department of Energy who is entitled to severance pay under this section as a result of the establishment of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Secretary of Energy may, upon application by the employee, pay the total amount of the severance pay to the employee in one lump sum.

(2)(A) If an employee paid severance pay in a lump sum under this subsection is reemployed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia at such time that, had the employee been paid severance pay in regular pay periods under subsection (b), the payments of such pay would have been discontinued under subsection (d) upon such reemployment, the employee shall repay to the Department of Energy an amount equal to the amount of severance pay to which the employee was entitled under this section that would not have been paid to the employee under subsection (d) by reason of such reemployment.

(B) The period of service represented by an amount of severance pay repaid by an employee under subparagraph (A) shall be considered service for which severance pay has not been received by the employee under this section.

(C) Amounts repaid to the Department of Energy under this paragraph shall be credited to the appropriation available for the pay of employees of the agency for the fiscal year in which received. Amounts so credited shall be merged with, and shall be available for the same purposes and the same period as, the other funds in that appropriation.

(3) If an employee fails to repay to the Department of Energy an amount required to be repaid under paragraph (2)(A), that amount is recoverable from the employee as a debt due the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(34)(C), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 201; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §408(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1231(d), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2305, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(i)(2), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(k), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(J)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1442; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §343(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2721; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1035, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 430; Pub. L. 105–55, title III, §310(a), Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1199; Pub. L. 105–275, title III, §§308(a), 309(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2452, 2454; Pub. L. 106–31, title V, §5006, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 112; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), div. C, title XXXII, §3243, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 777, 965; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XI, §1102(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2660; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1103, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3448; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(3), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1104, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4617; Pub. L. 113–66, div. A, title XI, §1104, Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 886; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5595 | 5 App.: 1117. | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §9, 79 Stat. 1118. Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–737, §2, 80 Stat. 1164. |


In subsection (a), subsections (a) and (b) of 5 App. U.S.C. 1117 are restated as definitions.

In subsection (a)(1)(A), the term "Executive agency" is substituted for "the executive branch of the Government of the United States, including each corporation wholly owned or controlled by the United States" and "the General Accounting Office" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 105.

The definition in subsection (a)(2) continues the application of the section to only civilian officers and employees, and does not encompass members of the uniformed services as they are not "employed" in or under an agency. Throughout the section, the word "officer", in the phrase "officer or employee", is omitted as included within "employee". The last 40 words of 5 App. U.S.C. 1117(a) are codified in subsection (g).

In subsection (a)(2)(i), the words "Executive Schedule" are substituted for "Federal Executive Salary Schedule" to reflect the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5311. The words "of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (a)(2)(ii), the words "without a break in service of more than 3 days" are coextensive with and substituted for "without a break in service or after a separation of three days or less".

In subsection (a)(2)(iv), the words "subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title" are substituted for "the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended" to reflect the codification of the act in title 5 U.S.C. The words "employees as defined by section 2105 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "Federal officers and employees".

In subsection (a)(2)(v), the words "subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title" are substituted for "the Federal Employees' Compensation Act, as amended" to reflect the codification of the act in title 5, U.S.C.

In subsection (b) the word "agency" is substituted for "department, independent establishment, corporation, or other governmental unit" to conform to the definition in subsection (a)(1). Subsection (b)(1) is substituted for 5 App. U.S.C. 1117(e).

In subsection (e), the words "section 5582(b) of this title" are substituted for "the first section of the Act of August 3, 1950 (5 U.S.C. 61f)" to reflect the codification of the section in title 5, United States Code.

The Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(i), is set out in section 5311 et seq. of this title.

Section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(iii), is classified to section 3602(a) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(vi), is classified to section 4009(b)(1) of Title 22.

**2013**—Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 113–66 substituted "October 1, 2018" for "October 1, 2014".

**2008**—Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "2014" for "2010".

**2006**—Subsec. (h)(5). Pub. L. 109–241 substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary of Transportation".

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted "2010" for "2006".

**2002**—Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 107–314 substituted "2006" for "2003".

**1999**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–31 substituted "(a)(1)(C)" for "(a)(1)(G)" in last sentence.

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 106–65, §1104(a), substituted "February 10, 1996, and before October 1, 2003" for "the date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 and before October 1, 1999".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106–65, §3243, added subsec. (j).

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 105–275, §308(a)(1), struck out ", but only with respect to the United States Senate Restaurants" after "Capitol".

Subsec. (a)(2)(viii). Pub. L. 105–275, §§308(a)(2), 309(a)(1)(A), struck out "of the United States Senate Restaurants" after "an employee" and "or" after the semicolon.

Subsec. (a)(2)(ix), (x). Pub. L. 105–275, §309(a)(1)(B), added cl. (ix) and redesignated former cl. (ix) as (x).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–275, §309(a)(2), inserted at end "The Public Printer may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agency specified in subsection (a)(1)(G) of this section."

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 105–55, §310(a)(1), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (a)(2)(viii), (ix). Pub. L. 105–55, §310(a)(2), added cl. (viii) and redesignated former cl. (viii) as (ix).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–55, §310(a)(3), inserted at end "The Architect of the Capitol may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agency specified in subsection (a)(1)(F) of this section."

**1996**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–106 added subsec. (i).

**1994**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–337 added subsec. (h).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 101–474, §5(k)(1), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (a)(2)(i). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "employee (other" for "employee, other", inserted "or an employee whose pay is fixed under section 5376)" before "whose rate", and substituted "the Executive Schedule" for "GS–18".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–474, §5(k)(2), inserted at end "However, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this section to the agencies specified in subsection (a)(1)(E) of this section."

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(2)(i). Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service.

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(2)(vi). Pub. L. 96–465 inserted "benefits under section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 or any" after "to receive".

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979)" for "Canal Zone".

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(2)(i). Pub. L. 95–454 inserted reference to a member of the Senior Executive Service.

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(1)(C), (2)(B)(ix) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in subsec. (b) on authority of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by section 3243 of Pub. L. 106–65 effective Mar. 1, 2000, see section 3299 of Pub. L. 106–65, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2401 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §343(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2722, provided that: "Subsection (h) of section 5595 of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), shall apply with respect to pay periods that begin on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XI, §1102(b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2660, required the President, not later than one year after Dec. 2, 2002, to submit to Committees of Congress a report on whether the authority under section 5595(i) of this title should be made permanent or expanded to be made Governmentwide.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" means—

(1) an Executive agency;

(2) the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, and the courts named by section 610 of title 28;

(3) the Library of Congress;

(4) the Government Publishing Office;

(5) the government of the District of Columbia;

(6) the Architect of the Capitol, including employees of the United States Senate Restaurants; and

(7) the United States Botanic Garden.

(b)(1) An employee of an agency who, on the basis of a timely appeal or an administrative determination (including a decision relating to an unfair labor practice or a grievance) is found by appropriate authority under applicable law, rule, regulation, or collective bargaining agreement, to have been affected by an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action which has resulted in the withdrawal or reduction of all or part of the pay, allowances, or differentials of the employee—

(A) is entitled, on correction of the personnel action, to receive for the period for which the personnel action was in effect—

(i) an amount equal to all or any part of the pay, allowances, or differentials, as applicable which the employee normally would have earned or received during the period if the personnel action had not occurred, less any amounts earned by the employee through other employment during that period; and

(ii) reasonable attorney fees related to the personnel action which, with respect to any decision relating to an unfair labor practice or a grievance processed under a procedure negotiated in accordance with chapter 71 of this title, or under chapter 11 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, shall be awarded in accordance with standards established under section 7701(g) of this title; and

(B) for all purposes, is deemed to have performed service for the agency during that period, except that—

(i) annual leave restored under this paragraph which is in excess of the maximum leave accumulation permitted by law shall be credited to a separate leave account for the employee and shall be available for use by the employee within the time limits prescribed by regulations of the Office of Personnel Management, and

(ii) annual leave credited under clause (i) of this subparagraph but unused and still available to the employee under regulations prescribed by the Office shall be included in the lump-sum payment under section 5551 or 5552(1) of this title but may not be retained to the credit of the employee under section 5552(2) of this title.

(2)(A) An amount payable under paragraph (1)(A)(i) of this subsection shall be payable with interest.

(B) Such interest—

(i) shall be computed for the period beginning on the effective date of the withdrawal or reduction involved and ending on a date not more than 30 days before the date on which payment is made;

(ii) shall be computed at the rate or rates in effect under section 6621(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 during the period described in clause (i); and

(iii) shall be compounded daily.

(C) Interest under this paragraph shall be paid out of amounts available for payments under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) This subsection does not apply to any reclassification action nor authorize the setting aside of an otherwise proper promotion by a selecting official from a group of properly ranked and certified candidates.

(4) The pay, allowances, or differentials granted under this section for the period for which an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action was in effect shall not exceed that authorized by the applicable law, rule, regulations, or collective bargaining agreement under which the unjustified or unwarranted personnel action is found, except that in no case may pay, allowances, or differentials be granted under this section for a period beginning more than 6 years before the date of the filing of a timely appeal or, absent such filing, the date of the administrative determination.

(5) For the purpose of this subsection, "grievance" and "collective bargaining agreement" have the meanings set forth in section 7103 of this title and (with respect to members of the Foreign Service) in sections 1101 and 1002 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, "unfair labor practice" means an unfair labor practice described in section 7116 of this title and (with respect to members of the Foreign Service) in section 1015 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, and "personnel action" includes the omission or failure to take an action or confer a benefit.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section. However, the regulations are not applicable to the Tennessee Valley Authority and its employees, or to the agencies specified in subsection (a)(2) of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(34)(C), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 203; amended Pub. L. 94–172, §1(a), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1025; Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §702, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2306, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §623(a)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–428; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(l), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2141; Pub. L. 107–68, title III, §309, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5596(a) 5596(b) 5596(c) |
5 App.: 652a. 5 App.: 652b. 5 App.: 652c. |
Mar. 30, 1966, Pub. L. 89–380, §§2–4, 80 Stat. 94, 95. |


In subsection (a)(1), the term "an Executive agency" is substituted for "executive department of the Government of the United States", "agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of such Government", "corporation owned or controlled by such Government", and "the General Accounting Office" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 105.

In subsection (b), the word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officer or employee" and "such officer or employee" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 2105. The words "on or after the date of enactment of this Act" and "taken prior to, on, or after the date of enactment of his Act" are omitted as executed and unnecessary, since title 5 is restated prospectively and as any existing rights are preserved by section 7 of this bill.

In subsection (c), the word "employees" is substituted for "officers and employees" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 2105.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Chapter 11 of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XI (§4131 et seq.) of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Section 6621(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii), is classified to section 6621(a)(1) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Sections 1101, 1002, and 1015 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), are classified to sections 4131, 4102, and 4115, respectively, of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2001**—Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 107–68 added pars. (6) and (7).

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–474, §5(l)(1), substituted "Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, and the courts named by section 610 of title 28" for "Courts".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–474, §5(l)(2), substituted "employees, or to the agencies specified in subsection (a)(2) of this section" for "employees".

**1987**—Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 100–202 added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

**1980**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–465, §2306(1), inserted in subpar. (A)(ii) "or under chapter 11 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" after "chapter 71 of this title,".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 96–465, §2306(2), inserted "and (with respect to members of the Foreign Service) in sections 1101 and 1002 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" after "section 7103 of this title", and "and (with respect to members of the Foreign Service) in section 1015 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" after "section 7116 of this title".

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted provisions relating to corrective measures applicable to an employee who, on the basis of a timely appeal or an administrative determination, including a decision relative to an unfair labor practice or grievance, is found by an appropriate authority under applicable law, rule, regulation, or collective bargaining agreement to have been affected by an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action, for provisions relating to corrective measures applicable to an employee who, on the basis of an administrative determination or a timely appeal, is found by an appropriate authority under applicable law or regulation to have undergone an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action.

**1975**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–172 struck out in introductory clause provision relating to prohibition on leave credit cumulated in excess of maximum allowed under law or regulations, and added subpars. (A) and (B).

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(4) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 107–68, title III, §309, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 592, provided that the amendment made by section 309 is effective for all personnel actions taken on or after Nov. 12, 2001.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §623(b)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–429, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(D)

"(E)

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–172, §1(b), Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1025, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any employee found, on or after March 30, 1966, to have undergone an unjustified or unwarranted personnel action the correction of which entitled or entitles such employee to the benefits provided under section 5596 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 94–172, §2, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1025, provided that: "With respect to former employee (except a former employee referred to in section 3 of this Act) [set out as a note below] who is not on the rolls on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1975], annual leave, which was not credited under section 5596 of title 5, United States Code, because it was in an amount that would have caused the amount of leave to the employee's credit to exceed the maximum amount of the leave authorized for the employee by law or regulation, is subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment only if a claim therefor is filed within three years immediately following the date of the enactment of this Act with the agency by which the employee was employed when the lump-sum payment provisions of section 5551 of title 5, United States Code, last became applicable to such employee. Payment shall be by that agency at the salary rate in effect on the date the lump-sum payment provisions became applicable."

Pub. L. 94–172, §3, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1025, provided that:

"(a) With respect to a former employee of the Post Office Department or a former employee of the United States Postal Service who had prior civilian service with the Post Office Department or other Federal agency, who is not on the rolls on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1975], annual leave which was accrued before July 1, 1971, but was not credited under section 5596 of title 5, United States Code, because it was in an amount that would have caused the amount of leave to his credit to exceed the maximum amount of the leave authorized for the employee by law or regulation, is subject to credit and, liquidation by lump-sum payment only if a claim therefor is filed within 3 years immediately following the date of enactment of this Act with the Postal Service. Payment shall be by the Postal Service at the salary rate in effect on the date the lump-sum payment provisions of section 5551 of title 5, United States Code, or comparable provisions of regulations of the Postal Service, as appropriate, last became applicable to the former employee.

"(b) With respect to a present employee of the Postal Service who had prior Federal civilian service with the Post Office Department or other Federal agency, annual leave which was accrued before July 1, 1971, but was not credited under section 5596 of title 5, United States Code, because it was in an amount that would have caused the amount of leave to the employee's credit to exceed the maximum amount of the leave authorized for the employee by law or regulation, is subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment only if a claim therefor is filed with the Postal Service within three years immediately following the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 1975]. Payment shall be by the Postal Service at the salary rate in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act."

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Defense;

(2) the term "defense agency" means an agency of the Department of Defense, as further defined under regulations prescribed by the Secretary; and

(3) the term "employee" means an employee of a defense agency, serving under an appointment without time limitation, who has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 12 months, except that such term does not include—

(A) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83, chapter 84, or another retirement system for employees of the Government; or

(B) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under any of the retirement systems referred to in subparagraph (A).

(b) In order to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to a reduction in force, base closure, reorganization, transfer of function, workforce restructuring (to meet mission needs, achieve one or more strength reductions, correct skill imbalances, or reduce the number of high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions), or other similar action affecting 1 or more defense agencies, the Secretary shall establish a program under which separation pay may be offered to encourage eligible employees to separate from service voluntarily (whether by retirement or resignation).

(c) Under the program, separation pay may be offered by a defense agency only—

(1) with the prior consent, or on the authority, of the Secretary; and

(2) to employees within such occupational groups or geographic locations, or subject to such other similar objective and nonpersonal limitations or conditions, as the Secretary may require.

A determination of which employees are within the scope of an offer of separation pay shall be made only on the basis of consistent and well-documented application of the relevant criteria.

(d) Such separation pay—

(1) shall be paid in a lump-sum or in installments;

(2) shall be equal to the lesser of—

(A) an amount equal to the amount the employee would be entitled to receive under section 5595(c) if the employee were entitled to payment under such section; or

(B) $25,000;

(3) shall not be a basis for payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit;

(4) shall not be taken into account for purposes of determining the amount of any severance pay to which an individual may be entitled under section 5595 based on any other separation; and

(5) if paid in installments, shall cease to be paid upon the recipient's acceptance of employment by the Federal Government, or commencement of work under a personal services contract, as described in subsection (g)(1).

(e) No amount shall be payable under this section based on any separation occurring after September 30, 2003.

(f) The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(g)(1) An employee who receives separation pay under this section on the basis of a separation occurring on or after the date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 and accepts employment with the Government of the United States, or who commences work for an agency of the United States through a personal services contract with the United States, within 5 years after the date of the separation on which payment of the separation pay is based shall be required to repay the entire amount of the separation pay to the defense agency that paid the separation pay.

(2) If the employment is with an Executive agency, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of the agency, waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(3) If the employment is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(4) If the employment is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(5) If the employment is without compensation, the appointing official may waive the repayment.

(h)(1)(A) In addition to any other payment that it is required to make under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84, the Department of Defense shall remit to the Office of Personnel Management an amount equal to 15 percent of the final basic pay of each covered employee.

(B) If the employee is one with respect to whom a remittance would otherwise be required under section 4(a) of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 based on the separation involved, the remittance under this subsection shall be instead of the remittance otherwise required under such section 4(a).

(2) Amounts remitted under paragraph (1) shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection—

(A) the term "covered employee" means an employee who is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 and to whom a voluntary separation incentive has been paid under this section on the basis of a separation occurring on or after October 1, 1997; and

(B) the term "final basic pay" has the meaning given such term in section 4(a)(2) of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994.

(i)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, during fiscal year 2001, separation pay may be offered under the program carried out under this section with respect to workforce restructuring only to persons who, upon separation, are entitled to an immediate annuity under section 8336, 8412, or 8414 of this title and are otherwise eligible for the separation pay under this section.

(2) In the administration of the program under this section during fiscal year 2001, the Secretary shall ensure that not more than 1,000 employees are, as a result of workforce restructuring, separated from service in that fiscal year entitled to separation pay under this section.

(3) Separation pay may not be offered as a result of workforce restructuring under the program carried out under this section after fiscal year 2003.

(Added Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4436(a)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2723; amended Pub. L. 103–226, §8(a), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 118; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §341(b)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2720; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1612(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1106(a), (b)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1923, 1924; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1104(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 777; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §§1151, 1153(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–319, 1654A–323.)

The date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (g)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–226, which was approved Mar. 30, 1994.

Section 4(a) of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (h)(1)(B), (3)(B), is section 4(a) of Pub. L. 103–226, which is set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

**2000**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(a)], inserted "workforce restructuring (to meet mission needs, achieve one or more strength reductions, correct skill imbalances, or reduce the number of high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions)," after "transfer of function,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(b)(2)], inserted concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(b)(1)], inserted "objective and nonpersonal" after "similar".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(c)(1)], added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "shall be paid in a lump sum;".

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(c)(2)–(4)], added par. (5).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1151(d)], inserted ", or who commences work for an agency of the United States through a personal services contract with the United States," after "employment with the Government of the United States".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1153(a)], added subsec. (i).

**1999**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "September 30, 2003" for "September 30, 2001".

**1997**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85, §1106(b)(1), substituted "September 30, 2001" for "September 30, 1999".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–85, §1106(a), added subsec. (h).

**1996**—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 104–201 added par. (5).

**1994**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "September 30, 1999" for "September 30, 1997".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–226 added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1612(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to employment accepted on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1996]."

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1153(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–323, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1133(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1244, provided that:

"The Secretary of Defense shall ensure that, in fiscal year 2002 not more than 2000 employees of the Department of Defense are, and in fiscal year 2003 not more than 6000 employees of the Department of Defense are, as a result of workforce restructuring, separated from service entitled to one or more of the following benefits:

"(1) Voluntary separation incentive pay under section 5597 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2) Immediate annuity under section 8336(o) or 8414(d) of such title."

[Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1133(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1244, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1153(b)], set out above] may be superceded by another provision of law that takes effect after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001], and before October 1, 2003, establishing a uniform system of providing voluntary separation incentives (including a system for requiring approval of plans by the Office of Management and Budget) for employees of the Federal Government."]

Pub. L. 106–303, §2, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1064, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §§2(a), (b)(2), (c), 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 811, 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) subsection (a)(2)(D) of such section shall be disregarded;

"(2) subsection (a)(2)(G) of such section shall be applied—

"(A) by construing the citations therein to be references to the appropriate authorities in connection with employees of the Government Accountability Office; and

"(B) by deeming such subsection to be amended by striking 'Code.' and inserting 'Code, or who, during the thirty-six month period preceding the date of separation, performed service for which a student loan repayment benefit was or is to be paid under section 5379 of title 5, United States Code.'

"(3) subsection (b)(1) of such section shall be applied by substituting 'Committee on Government Reform' [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] for 'Committee on Government Reform and Oversight';

"(4)(A) subsection (b)(2)(A) of such section shall be applied by substituting 'eliminated (if any)' for 'eliminated';

"(B) subsection (b)(2)(C) of such section shall be applied by substituting 'such positions or functions as are to be eliminated and such employees as are to be separated' for 'the eliminated positions and functions'; and

"(C) the agency strategic plan referred to in subsection (b) of such section shall, in addition to the information described in paragraph (2) thereof, contain the following: the steps to be taken to realign the Government Accountability Office's workforce in order to meet budgetary constraints or mission needs, correct skill imbalances, or reduce high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions;

"(5) subsection (c)(1) of such section shall be applied by substituting 'to the extent necessary (A) to realign the Government Accountability Office's workforce in order to meet budgetary constraints or mission needs, (B) to correct skill imbalances, or (C) to reduce high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions, in conformance with that agency's strategic plan (as referred to in subsection (b)).' for the matter following 'only';

"(6) subsection (c)(2)(D) of such section shall be applied by substituting 'December 31, 2003, or the end of the 3-month period beginning on the date on which such payment is offered to such employee, whichever is earlier' for 'December 31, 1997'; and

"(7) instead of the amount described in paragraph (1) of subsection (d) of such section, the amount required under such paragraph shall be determined in accordance with subsection (c)(1) of this section.

"(c)

"(1) Determination of amount required.—The amount required under this paragraph shall be the amount determined under subparagraph (A) or (B), whichever is greater, for the fiscal year involved.

"(A)

"(i) First, determine the sum of the following:

"(I) The amount equal to 19 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2) who takes early retirement under section 8336(d) of title 5, United States Code.

"(II) The amount equal to 58 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2) who retires on an immediate annuity under section 8336 of such title 5 (not including any employee covered by subclause (I)).

"(ii) Second, reduce the sum of the amounts determined under clause (i) by the sum of the following (but not below zero):

"(I) The amount equal to 419 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2), who is covered by subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and who resigns.

"(II) The amount equal to 17 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2) who takes early retirement under section 8414(b) of such title 5.

"(III) The amount equal to 8 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2) who retires on an immediate annuity under section 8412 of such title 5.

"(IV) The amount equal to 211 percent of the final basic pay of each employee described in paragraph (2), who is covered by chapter 84 of such title 5, and who resigns.

"(B)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(4)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(e)

"(f)

"(1) geographic area, organizational unit, or occupational series or level;

"(2) skills, knowledge, or performance; or

"(3) such other similar factors (or combination of factors described in this or any other paragraph of this subsection) as the Comptroller General considers necessary and appropriate in order to achieve the purpose involved.

"(g)

Pub. L. 106–117, title XI, Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1595, as amended by Pub. L. 106–419, title II, §207, Nov. 1, 2000, 114 Stat. 1842, known as the "Department of Veterans Affairs Employment Reduction Assistance Act of 1999", authorized the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to submit a plan to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget for the payment of voluntary separation incentive payments, and upon approval thereof to pay voluntary separation incentive payments to eligible employees of the Department of Veterans Affairs only to the extent necessary to reduce or restructure the positions and functions identified by the plan, provided that the employees separate from service with the Department through Dec. 31, 2002, whether by retirement or resignation, defined "employee" for separation incentive purposes, and provided for additional contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Federal Government, and effect on agency employment levels.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(2) [title V, §579], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–113, as amended by Pub. L. 106–429, §101(a) [title V, §584], Nov. 6, 2000, 114 Stat. 1900, 1900A–56; Pub. L. 107–115, title V, §575, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 108–7, div. E, title V, §571, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 208, authorized voluntary separation incentives for employees of the United States Agency for International Development who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) on or before Jan. 1, 2003, and defined pertinent terms, provided for the development of an agency strategic plan and the approval of such plan by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, required additional agency contributions to the Retirement Fund, specified the effect of subsequent employment with the Federal Government, mandated a reduction of agency employment levels, and authorized the Office of Personnel Management to prescribe regulations to implement these provisions.

Pub. L. 106–65, div. C, title XXXI, §3161, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 942, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, div. C, title XXXI, §3153(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1377, provided that notwithstanding section 101(f) [title VI, §663(c)(2)(D)] of Public Law 104–208, set out below, Department of Energy could pay voluntary separation incentive payments under such section 663 to qualifying employees who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) before Jan. 1, 2004, and that not later than Mar. 15, 2000, Secretary of Energy was to submit to Director of Office of Personnel Management and Congress a report describing how the Department has paid voluntary separation payments under such section 663.

[Pub. L. 107–107, div. C, title XXXI, §3153(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1377, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 3161 of Pub. L. 106–65, set out above] may be superseded by another provision of law that takes effect after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001], and before January 1, 2004, establishing a uniform system for providing voluntary separation incentives (including a system for requiring approval of plans by the Office of Management and Budget) for employees of the Federal Government."]

Pub. L. 106–58, title I, §116, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 439, authorized the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, during the period from Oct. 1, 1999 through Jan. 1, 2003, to offer voluntary separation incentives in order to provide the necessary flexibility to carry out the plan to establish and reorganize the Office of the Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration, defined "employee" for separation incentive purposes, and provided for authority to provide separation incentive payments, additional contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Federal Government, and effect on agency employment levels.

Pub. L. 106–58, title I, §119, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 441, authorized the Commissioner of the Financial Management Services of the Department of the Treasury, during the period from Oct. 1, 1999 through Jan. 31, 2000, to offer voluntary separation incentives in order to provide the necessary flexibility to carry out the closure of the Chicago Financial Center (CFC) in a manner which the Commissioner deemed most efficient, equitable to employees, and cost effective to the Government, defined "employee" for separation incentive purposes, and provided for an agency plan, authority to provide separation incentive payments, eligibility requirements, effect on subsequent employment with the Federal Government, contributions to the Retirement Fund, and reduction of agency employment levels.

Pub. L. 106–58, title IV, §411, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 456, as amended by Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title IV, §408], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–146, authorized the Administrator of General Services, during the period Oct. 1, 1999 through Apr. 30, 2002, to offer a voluntary separation incentive in order to provide the necessary flexibility to carry out the closing of the Federal Supply Service distribution centers, forward supply points, and associated programs in a manner which the Administrator deemed most efficient, equitable to all employees, and cost effective for the Government, defined "employee" for separation incentive purposes, and provided for agency strategic plan, authority to provide incentive payments, eligibility requirements, effect of subsequent employment with the Federal Government, contributions to the Retirement Fund, and reduction of agency employment levels.

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3156, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2257, provided that notwithstanding section 101(f) [title VI, §663(c)(2)(D)] of Public Law 104–208, set out below, Department of Energy could pay voluntary separation incentive payments to qualifying employees who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) before Jan. 1, 2001.

Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1202, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 719, authorized Commissioner of Internal Revenue to pay voluntary separation incentive payments to any qualifying employee of the Internal Revenue Service who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) before Jan. 1, 2003, provided for pertinent definitions, additional Internal Revenue Service contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, and effect on Internal Revenue Service employment levels.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(e) [title V, §520], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–233, 3009–272, as amended by Pub. L. 105–78, title V, §517, Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1519; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(4) [title V, §515], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1535, 1501A–276, authorized Railroad Retirement Board and Office of Inspector General of Railroad Retirement Board to provide voluntary separation incentive payments to any qualifying employee who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) before Mar. 31, 2000, directed the Railroad Retirement Board, prior to obligating any resources for voluntary separation incentive payments, to submit to Congress a strategic plan outlining intended use of such incentive payments and a proposed organizational chart for agency once such incentive payments have been completed, and further provided for pertinent definitions, additional contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, reduction of agency employment levels, and that program would take effect Oct. 1, 1996.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §663], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–383, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'agency' means any Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code), other than an Executive agency (except an agency receiving such authority in the Department of Transportation Appropriations Act, 1997 [probably means the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1997, Pub. L. 104–205, see Tables for classification]) that is authorized by any other provision of this Act or any other Act to provide voluntary separation incentive payments during all, or any part of, fiscal year 1997; and

"(2) the term 'employee' means an employee (as defined by section 2105 of title 5, United States Code) who is employed by an agency, is serving under an appointment without time limitation, and has been currently employed for a continuous period of at least 3 years, but does not include—

"(A) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or another retirement system for employees of the agency;

"(B) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or another retirement system for employees of the agency;

"(C) an employee who is in receipt of a specific notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance;

"(D) an employee who, upon completing an additional period of service as referred to in section 3(b)(2)(B)(ii) of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 ([Pub. L. 103–226] 5 U.S.C. 5597 note), would qualify for a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3 of such Act;

"(E) an employee who has previously received any voluntary separation incentive payment by the Federal Government under this section or any other authority and has not repaid such payment;

"(F) an employee covered by statutory reemployment rights who is on transfer to another organization; or

"(G) any employee who, during the twenty four month period preceding the date of separation, has received a recruitment or relocation bonus under section 5753 of title 5, United States Code, or who, within the twelve month period preceding the date of separation, received a retention allowance under section 5754 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the positions and functions to be reduced or eliminated, identified by organizational unit, geographic location, occupational category and grade level;

"(B) the number and amounts of voluntary separation incentive payments to be offered; and

"(C) a description of how the agency will operate without the eliminated positions and functions.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) shall be paid in a lump sum after the employee's separation;

"(B) shall be paid from appropriations or funds available for the payment of the basic pay of the employees;

"(C) shall be equal to the lesser of—

"(i) an amount equal to the amount the employee would be entitled to receive under section 5595(c) of title 5, United States Code; or

"(ii) an amount determined by the agency head not to exceed $25,000;

"(D) may not be made except in the case of any qualifying employee who voluntarily separates (whether by retirement or resignation) before December 31, 1997;

"(E) shall not be a basis for payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit; and

"(F) shall not be taken into account in determining the amount of any severance pay to which the employee may be entitled under section 5595 of title 5, United States Code, based on any other separation.

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(e)

"(f)

"(1)

"(2)

"(g)

Pub. L. 104–205, title III, §349, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2976, authorized certain agencies of Department of Transportation to provide voluntary separation incentive payments to any qualifying employee, provided that no amount would be payable based on any separation occurring before Sept. 30, 1996, or after Sept. 30, 1997, directed agencies to submit to Congress a strategic plan outlining intended use of such incentive payments and proposed organization chart for agency once such incentive payments have been completed, and further provided for definitions, additional agency contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, reductions of agency employment levels, and that program would take effect Oct. 1, 1996.

Pub. L. 104–204, title IV, §432, Sept. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 2931, as amended by Pub. L. 106–377, §1(a)(1) [title IV, §428], Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1441, 1441A–56, known as the "National Aeronautics and Space Administration Federal Employment Reduction Assistance Act of 1996", authorized the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in order to avoid or minimize the need for involuntary separations due to a reduction in force, installation closure, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action affecting NASA, to establish a program under which voluntary separation pay, subject to the availability of appropriated funds, be offered to encourage eligible employees to separate from service by retirement or resignation up to Sept. 30, 2002, defined terms, provided for effect of subsequent employment with the Federal Government, required additional agency contributions to the Retirement Fund, reduced agency employment levels, and required an annual report on the program to be submitted to the Office of Personnel Management.

Pub. L. 104–190, §1, Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1932, authorized Agency for International Development to provide voluntary separation incentive payments to not more than 100 qualified employees of such agency who voluntarily separated (whether by retirement or resignation) before Feb. 1, 1997, and only to extent necessary to eliminate positions and functions identified by strategic plan to be submitted to Congress outlining intended use of such incentive payments and proposed organizational chart for agency once such incentive payments have been completed, and further provided for definitions, amount and treatment of payments, additional agency contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, and reduction of agency employment levels.

Pub. L. 104–180, title VII, §735, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1604, authorized Department of Agriculture to provide voluntary separation incentive payments to qualified employees to extent necessary to eliminate positions and functions identified by strategic plan to be submitted to Congress outlining intended use of such incentive payments and proposed organizational chart for agency once such incentive payments have been completed, provided that no amount would be payable based on any separation occurring before Aug. 6, 1996, or after Sept. 30, 2000, and further provided for definitions, amount and treatment of payments, additional agency contributions to the Retirement Fund, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, reduction of agency employment levels, and that program would take effect Oct. 1, 1996.

Pub. L. 104–134, title I, §101(c) [title III, §339], Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–156, 1321–210; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 104–140, §1(a), May 2, 1996, 110 Stat. 1327, provided that, in order to avoid or minimize need for involuntary separations due to reduction in force, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution could pay, or authorize payment of, voluntary separation incentive payments to Smithsonian Institution employees who separated from Federal service voluntarily through Oct. 1, 1996 (whether by retirement or resignation).

Pub. L. 104–19, title I, §702, July 27, 1995, 109 Stat. 221, provided that General Accounting Office could for such employees as it deemed appropriate authorize payment to employees who voluntarily separated before Oct. 1, 1995, whether by retirement or resignation, which payment would be paid in accordance with provisions of subsection (d) of this section.

Pub. L. 103–226, §3, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 112, authorized Executive agencies (other than Department of Defense, Central Intelligence Agency, or General Accounting Office) to provide voluntary separation incentive payments to qualified employees of such agencies in order to avoid or minimize need for involuntary separations due to reduction in force, reorganization, transfer of function, or other similar action, provided that in order to receive incentive payment, employee must have separated from service with agency (whether by retirement or resignation) before Apr. 1, 1995, or, under certain circumstances, not later than Mar. 31, 1997, and further provided for definitions, amount and treatment of payments, effect of subsequent employment with the Government, regulations, and authority for Director of Administrative Office of the United States Courts to establish similar program for individuals serving in the judicial branch.

Pub. L. 103–226, §6, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 117, provided that: "No later than December 31st of each fiscal year, the Office of Personnel Management shall submit to the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of the House of Representatives a report which, with respect to the preceding fiscal year, shall include—

"(1) the number of employees who received a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3 [set out above] during such preceding fiscal year;

"(2) the agency from which each such employee separated;

"(3) at the time of separation from service by each such employee—

"(A) such employee's grade or pay level; and

"(B) the geographic location of such employee's official duty station, by region, State, and city (or foreign nation, if applicable); and

"(4)(A) the number of waivers made (in the repayment upon subsequent employment) by each agency or other authority under section 3 [set out above] or the amendments made by section 8 [amending this section and section 3519a of Title 50, War and National Defense]; and

"(B) the title and the grade or pay level of the position filled by the employee to whom such waiver applied."

[Committee on Post Office and Civil Service of House of Representatives abolished by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995. References to Committee on Post Office and Civil Service treated as referring to Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, see section 1(b) of Pub. L. 104–14, set out as a note preceding section 21 of Title 2, The Congress. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999. Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.]

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4436(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724, provided that: "For fiscal years after fiscal year 1993, separation pay shall be paid by an agency out of any funds or appropriations available for salaries and expenses of such agency."

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4436(c), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724, provided that: "At the end of each of fiscal years 1993 through 1998, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the President, the Congress, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management a report on the effectiveness and costs of carrying out the amendments made by this section [enacting this section]."







**2021**—Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1112(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3984, which directed amendment of item 5711 in table of sections for subchapter I of chapter 57 by substituting "Authority for telework travel expenses programs" for "Authority for telework travel expenses test programs", was executed to table of sections for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1114(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1604, substituted "Taxes on reimbursements for travel, transportation, and relocation expenses" for "Taxes on reimbursements for travel, transportation, and relocation expenses of employees transferred" in item 5724b.

**2010**—Pub. L. 111–292, §3(b), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3173, added item 5711.

Pub. L. 111–178, §2(c), June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1263, added item 5724d.

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–117, div. B, title II, §219(b), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3142, added item 5761.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1104(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 347, added item 5737a.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1121(b), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3452, added item 5760.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §113(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2869, added item 5759.

Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(a)(2), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2309, substituted "Retention bonuses" for "Retention allowances" in item 5754.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §207(a)(2), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1780, added item 5757 "Extended assignment incentive".

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1112(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1239, added item 5757 "Payment of expenses to obtain professional credentials".

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–264, §§4(b), 5(c), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2354, 2355, added items 5706c, 5710, and 5739.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1605(a)(2), title XVII, §1723(c), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2736, 2759, added items 5736 to 5738 and 5756.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §345(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2724, added item 5735.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(46), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353, struck out "; manpower shortage positions" after "trainees" in item 5723 and added item 5755.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §§206(a)(2), 208(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1457, 1460, added items 5706b, 5753, and 5754.

Pub. L. 101–391, §4(b), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 750, added item 5707a.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §§103(b), 106(b), Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1758, 1759, added items 5706a and 5734.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(7)(A)(ii), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 979, added items 5724b and 5724c.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §409(c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173, added item 5752.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–22, §7, May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 86, inserted "and reports" after "Regulations" in item 5707.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563, §4(b), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1477, added heading of Subchapter IV and item 5751.

Pub. L. 91–481, §1(2), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1081, added item 5709.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §222(c)(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641, added item 5733.

Pub. L. 90–83 §1(37)(B), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 205, added item 5724a.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

2 So in original. Two sections 5757 have been enacted.

Except as otherwise provided in section 5707(d),1 for the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) a military department;

(C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the legislative branch;

(D) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch; and

(E) the government of the District of Columbia;

but does not include—

(i) a Government controlled corporation;

(ii) a Member of Congress; or

(iii) an office or committee of either House of Congress or of the two Houses;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency including an individual employed intermittently in the Government service as an expert or consultant and paid on a daily when-actually-employed basis and an individual serving without pay or at $1 a year;

(3) "subsistence" means lodging, meals, and other necessary expenses for the personal sustenance and comfort of the traveler;

(4) "per diem allowance" means a daily payment instead of actual expenses for subsistence and fees or tips to porters and stewards;

(5) "Government" means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia; and

(6) "continental United States" means the several States and the District of Columbia, but does not include Alaska or Hawaii.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 94–22, §2(a), May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §101, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1756; Pub. L. 101–391, §5(a)(2), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 751.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(5) | 5 U.S.C. 835. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §2, 63 Stat. 166. |

(6) | [Uncodified]. | Aug. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–139, §8(c), 75 Stat. 340. |


In paragraph (1), the word "agency" is substituted for "departments and establishments". The terms "Executive agency" and "military department" are substituted for "any executive department, independent commission, board, bureau, office, agency, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Government, including wholly owned Government corporations" in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102. The exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is added in subparagraph (i) to preserve the application of this subchapter to "wholly owned Government corporations".

Paragraph (2) is added for convenience and to eliminate the necessity of referring to "civilian officers and employees of the agencies" elsewhere in the text of the subchapter.

In paragraph (4), the words "for subsistence and fees or tips to porters and stewards" are added on authority of the words "in lieu of their actual expenses of subsistence and all fees or tips to porters and stewards" and "in lieu of subsistence" in former sections 836 and 73b–2, which are carried into sections 5702 and 5703, respectively.

Paragraph (5) is added for convenience and is based in part on former section 835(1)(A) and, insofar as concerns section 5703, on section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

Paragraph (6), insofar as concerns section 5703, is based in part on section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

The definition of "Member of Congress" in former section 835(4) is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "Member of Congress" in section 2106.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 5707(d) of this title, referred to in text, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1614(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–391 substituted "Except as otherwise provided in section 5707(d), for the purpose" for "For the purpose".

**1986**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 99–234 amended par. (4) generally, striking out "flat rate" before "payment".

**1975**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 94–22 redefined "employee" to include individuals employed intermittently as experts or consultants and paid on a daily when-actually-employed basis, and individuals serving without pay at $1 a year.

Pub. L. 99–234, title III, §301, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1760, provided that:

"(a) The Administrator of General Services shall promulgate regulations implementing the amendments made by sections 101, 102, 103, 104, and 106 of this Act [enacting sections 5706a and 5734 of this title and amending this section and sections 5702 and 5707 of this title] not later than 150 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1986]. The amendments made by title I of this Act [enacting sections 5706a and 5734 of this title and amending this section, sections 5702, 5707, and 5724a of this title, section 476 of Title 2, The Congress, section 2396 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 4941 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 456 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, section 326 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 2477 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect on the effective date of such regulations, or 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1986], whichever occurs first.

"(b) The amendments made by section 201 of this Act [enacting section 420 of Title 41, Public Contracts] shall take effect 30 days after the effective date of the amendments made by title I."

Pub. L. 105–264, §1, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2350, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 5706c, 5710, and 5739 of this title, amending sections 5721 to 5724, 5724a, 5725, 5727 to 5729, 5731, and 5732 of this title, section 3413 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and sections 3322, 3528, and 3726 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 5706c of this title, and section 3322 of Title 31] may be cited as the 'Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1701, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2752, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 5737, 5738, and 5756 of this title, amending sections 3375, 5722 to 5724c, 5726 to 5729, and 5731 of this title, section 1348 of Title 31, Money and Finance, section 707 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, and sections 290aa and 299c–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 5722 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employee Travel Reform Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 99–234, §1, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1756, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 5706a and 5734 of this title and section 420 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending this section, sections 5702, 5707, and 5724a of this title, section 476 of Title 2, The Congress, section 2396 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 4941 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 456 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, section 326 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and section 2477 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 420 of Title 41] may be cited as the 'Federal Civilian Employee and Contractor Travel Expenses Act of 1985'."

Pub. L. 94–22, §1, May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 84, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Travel Expense Amendments Act of 1975'."

Pub. L. 112–194, §6, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1451, as amended by Pub. L. 116–117, §3(b)(1), Mar. 2, 2020, 134 Stat. 133, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

[For definition of "executive agency" as used in section 6 of Pub. L. 112–194, set out above, see section 5 of Pub. L. 112–194, set out below.]

Pub. L. 112–194, §4, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1450, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) The executive agency shall ensure that officials with the authority to approve official travel verify that centrally billed account charges are not reimbursed to an employee.

"(2) The executive agency shall dispute unallowable and erroneous charges and track the status of the disputed transactions to ensure appropriate resolution.

"(3) The executive agency shall submit requests to servicing airlines for refunds of fully or partially unused tickets, when entitled to such refunds, and track the status of unused tickets to ensure appropriate resolution.

"(b)

[For definitions of "executive agency" and "employee" as used in section 4 of Pub. L. 112–194, set out above, see section 5 of Pub. L. 112–194, set out below.]

Pub. L. 108–447, div. G, title II, §209, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3193, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no entity within the legislative branch shall be required to use the eTravel Service established by the Administrator of General Services for official travel by officers or employees of the entity during fiscal year 2005 or any succeeding fiscal year."

Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VII, §736, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 937, provided that: "Each executive department and agency shall evaluate the creditworthiness of an individual before issuing the individual a government travel charge card. Such evaluations for individually billed travel charge cards shall include an assessment of the individual's consumer report from a consumer reporting agency as those terms are defined in section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (Public Law 91–508 [Pub. L. 90–321]) [15 U.S.C. 1681a]: *Provided*, That the department or agency may not issue a government travel charge card to an individual that either lacks a credit history or is found to have an unsatisfactory credit history as a result of this evaluation: *Provided further*, That this restriction shall not preclude issuance of a restricted-use charge, debit, or stored value card made in accordance with agency procedures to: (1) an individual with an unsatisfactory credit history where such card is used to pay travel expenses and the agency determines there is no suitable alternative payment mechanism available before issuing the card; or (2) an individual who lacks a credit history. Each executive department and agency shall establish guidelines and procedures for disciplinary actions to be taken against agency personnel for improper, fraudulent, or abusive use of government charge cards, which shall include appropriate disciplinary actions for use of charge cards for purposes, and at establishments, that are inconsistent with the official business of the Department or agency or with applicable standards of conduct."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 111–117, div. C, title VII, §738, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3214.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title VII, §741, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 691.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §743, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2032.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title VIII, §846, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2507.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title VI, §639, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3281.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title VI, §638, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 358.

Pub. L. 105–264, §2, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2350, as amended by Pub. L. 112–194, §3, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1448, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) it is in the best interest of the United States to do so;

"(2) payment through a travel charge card is impractical or imposes unreasonable burdens or costs on Federal employees or Federal agencies; or

"(3) the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Transportation (with respect to the Coast Guard) requests an exemption with respect to the members of the uniformed services.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(e)

"(1) make the use of the travel charge card established pursuant to the United States Travel and Transportation System and Expense Control System, or any Federal contractor-issued travel charge card, mandatory for all payments of expenses of official Government travel pursuant to this section;

"(2) specify the procedures for effecting under subsection (d) a deduction from pay owed to an employee, and ensure that the due process protections provided to employees under such procedures are no less than the protections provided to employees pursuant to section 3716 of title 31, United States Code;

"(3) provide that any deduction under subsection (d) from pay owed to an employee may occur only after reimbursement of the employee for the expenses of Government travel with respect to which the deduction is made; and

"(4) require agencies to promptly reimburse employees for expenses charged on a travel charge card pursuant to this section, and by no later than 30 days after the submission of a claim for reimbursement.

"(f)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(g)

"(h)

"(1)

"(A) There is a record in each executive agency of each holder of a travel charge card issued on behalf of the agency for official use, annotated with the limitations on amounts that are applicable to the use of each such card by that travel charge card holder.

"(B) Rebates and refunds based on prompt payment, sales volume, or other actions by the agency on travel charge card accounts are monitored for accuracy and properly recorded as a receipt of the agency that employs the card holder.

"(C) Periodic reviews are performed to determine whether each travel charge card holder has a need for the travel charge card.

"(D) Appropriate training is provided to each travel charge card holder and each official with responsibility for overseeing the use of travel charge cards issued by the executive agency.

"(E) Each executive agency has specific policies regarding travel charge cards issued for various component organizations and categories of component organizations, the credit limits authorized for various categories of card holders, and categories of employees eligible to be issued travel charge cards, and designs those policies to minimize the financial risk to the Federal Government of the issuance of the travel charge cards and to ensure the integrity of travel charge card holders.

"(F) Each executive agency has policies to ensure its contractual arrangement with each travel charge card issuing contractor contains a requirement that the creditworthiness of an individual be evaluated before the individual is issued a travel charge card, and that no individual be issued a travel charge card if that individual is found not creditworthy as a result of the evaluation (except that this paragraph shall not preclude issuance of a restricted use, prepaid, declining balance, controlled-spend, or stored value card when the individual lacks a credit history or has a credit score below the minimum credit score established by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget). The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall establish a minimum credit score for determining the creditworthiness of an individual based on rigorous statistical analysis of the population of card holders and historical behaviors. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, such evaluation shall include an assessment of an individual's consumer report from a consumer reporting agency as those terms are defined in section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a).

"(G) Each executive agency uses effective systems, techniques, and technologies to prevent or identify improper purchases.

"(H) Each executive agency ensures that the travel charge card of each employee who ceases to be employed by the agency is invalidated immediately upon termination of the employment of the employee (or, in the case of a member of the uniformed services, upon separation or release from active duty or full-time National Guard duty).

"(I) Each executive agency shall ensure that, where appropriate, travel card payments are issued directly to the travel card-issuing bank for credit to the employee's individual travel card account.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A)

"(B)

[For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Pub. L. 112–194, §5, Oct. 5, 2012, 126 Stat. 1451, provided that: "In this Act [enacting section 1909 of Title 41, Public Contracts, amending section 2784 of Title 10, Armed Forces, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 101 and 1909 of Title 41, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section]:

"(1)

"(2)

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, an employee, when traveling on official business away from the employee's designated post of duty, or away from the employee's home or regular place of business (if the employee is described in section 5703 of this title), is entitled to any one of the following:

(A) a per diem allowance at a rate not to exceed that established by the Administrator of General Services for travel within the continental United States, and by the President or his designee for travel outside the continental United States;

(B) reimbursement for the actual and necessary expenses of official travel not to exceed an amount established by the Administrator for travel within the continental United States or an amount established by the President or his designee for travel outside the continental United States; or

(C) a combination of payments described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph.

(2) Any per diem allowance or maximum amount of reimbursement shall be established, to the extent feasible, by locality. The Secretary of Defense shall not alter the amount of the per diem allowance, or the maximum amount of reimbursement, for a locality based on the duration of the travel in the locality of an employee of the Department.

(3) For travel consuming less than a full day, the payment prescribed by regulation shall be allocated in such manner as the Administrator may prescribe.

(b)(1) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, an employee who is described in subsection (a) of this section and who abandons the travel assignment prior to its completion—

(A) because of an incapacitating illness or injury which is not due to the employee's own misconduct is entitled to reimbursement for expenses of transportation to the employee's designated post of duty, or home or regular place of business, as the case may be, and to payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this section until that location is reached; or

(B) because of a personal emergency situation (such as serious illness, injury, or death of a member of the employee's family, or an emergency situation such as fire, flood, or act of God), may be allowed, with the approval of an appropriate official of the agency concerned, reimbursement for expenses of transportation to the employee's designated post of duty, or home or regular place of business, as the case may be, and payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this section until that location is reached.

(2)(A) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, an employee who is described in subsection (a) of this section and who, with the approval of an appropriate official of the agency concerned, interrupts the travel assignment prior to its completion for a reason specified in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, may be allowed (subject to the limitation provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph)—

(i) reimbursement for expenses of transportation to the location where necessary medical services are provided or the emergency situation exists,

(ii) payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this section until that location is reached, and

(iii) such reimbursement and payments for return to such assignment.

(B) The reimbursement which an employee may be allowed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall be the employee's actual costs of transportation to the location where necessary medical services are provided or the emergency exists, and return to assignment from such location, less the costs of transportation which the employee would have incurred had such travel begun and ended at the employee's designated post of duty, or home or regular place of business, as the case may be. The payments which an employee may be allowed pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall be based on the additional time (if any) which was required for the employee's transportation as a consequence of the transportation's having begun and ended at a location on the travel assignment (rather than at the employee's designated post of duty, or home or regular place of business, as the case may be).

(3) Subject to the limitations contained in regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, an employee who is described in subsection (a) of this section and who interrupts the travel assignment prior to its completion because of an incapacitating illness or injury which is not due to the employee's own misconduct is entitled to payments pursuant to subsection (a) of this section at the location where the interruption occurred.

(c) This section does not apply to a justice or judge, except to the extent provided by section 456 of title 28.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 91–114, §1, Nov. 10, 1969, 83 Stat. 190; Pub. L. 94–22, §3, May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(36), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 96–346, §1, Sept. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §102, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1756; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(47), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VI, §603(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1794.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 836. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §3, 63 Stat. 166. | |

Apr. 26, 1950, ch. 108, 64 Stat. 89. | ||

July 28, 1955, ch. 424, §1, 69 Stat. 393. | ||

Aug. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–139, §§1, 8(a), 75 Stat. 339, 340. |


In subsection (a), the term "employee" is substituted for "civilian officers and employees of the departments and establishments" in view of the definition of "employee" in sections 5701 and 2105. The words "in lieu of their actual expenses for subsistence and all fees or tips to porters and stewards" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "per diem allowance" in section 5701(4).

In subsection (b), the words "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title" are substituted for "in accordance with regulations promulgated and approved under sections 835–842 of this title".

In subsection (c), the words "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title" are substituted for "in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, pursuant to section 840 of this title."

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2018**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 115–232 inserted at end "The Secretary of Defense shall not alter the amount of the per diem allowance, or the maximum amount of reimbursement, for a locality based on the duration of the travel in the locality of an employee of the Department."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "employees" for "employee" in section catchline.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–234, §102(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee while traveling on official business away from his designated post of duty, or in the case of an individual described under section 5703 of this title, his home or regular place of business, is entitled to (1) a per diem allowance for travel inside the continental United States at a rate not to exceed $50, and (2) a per diem allowance for travel outside the continental United States, that may not exceed the rate established by the President, or his designee, for each locality where travel is to be performed. For travel consuming less than a full day, such rate may be allocated proportionately."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–234, §102(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee who, while traveling on official business away from his designated post of duty or, in the case of an individual described under section 5703 of this title, his home or regular place of business, becomes incapacitated by illness or injury not due to his own misconduct, is entitled to the per diem allowance and appropriate transportation expenses to his designated post of duty, or home or regular place of business, as the case may be."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–234, §102, redesignated subsec. (e) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, the Administrator of General Services, or his designee, may prescribe conditions under which an employee may be reimbursed for the actual and necessary expenses of official travel when the maximum per diem allowance would be less than these expenses, except that such reimbursement shall not exceed $75 for each day in a travel status within the continental United States when the per diem otherwise allowable is determined to be inadequate (1) due to the unusual circumstances of the travel assignment, or (2) for travel to high rate geographical areas designated as such in regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–234, §102(a), struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, for travel outside the continental United States, the Administrator of General Services or his designee, may prescribe conditions under which an employee may be reimbursed for the actual and necessary expenses of official travel when the per diem allowance would be less than these expenses, except that such reimbursement shall not exceed $33 for each day in a travel status outside the continental United States plus the locality per diem rate prescribed for such travel."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–234, §102(b), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–346, §1(1), increased to $50 from $35 the maximum per diem allowance for travel inside the continental United States.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–346, §1(2), increased to $75 from $50 the maximum reimbursement for actual and necessary expenses for travel within the continental United States.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–346, §1(3), increased to $33 from $21 the maximum reimbursement for travel outside the continental United States.

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "(1)" for "(A)" and "(2)" for "(B)".

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–22 substituted provision relating to determination of per diem allowance under regulations prescribed under section 5707 for provision allowing for such determination by agency concerned, inserted provisions relating to an individual described under section 5703 and to proportionate allocation of rates for travel consuming less than a full day, struck out provision relating to Director of Bureau of Budget or another officer of Government of the United States as persons who may be designees, and raised maximum allowance from $25 to $35.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–22 inserted provision relating to an individual described under section 5703, inserted "appropriate" before "transportation", and "or home or regular place of business, as the case may be." after "expenses to his designated post of duty".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–22 substituted the Administrator of General Services, or his designee, for the head of the agency concerned, as the party who may prescribe conditions for reimbursement for actual and necessary expenses, raised from $40 to $50 the maximum reimbursement for travel within the continental United States when the rate otherwise allowable is inadequate due to unusual circumstances or due to travel to areas designated as high rate areas, and struck out a provision, now covered by subsec. (d), for a maximum allowance per day for travel outside the continental United States.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 94–22 transferred from subsec. (c) to (d) provisions for reimbursement for actual and necessary expenses for travel outside the continental United States and raised from $18 to $21 the maximum reimbursement for such expenses, and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–114 increased the per diem allowance for travel inside the continental United States from not to exceed the rate of $16 to not to exceed the rate of $25.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–114 in cl. (1) increased the amount authorized to be named in the travel authorization for each day in a travel status inside the continental United States from not to exceed $30 to not to exceed $40, and in cl. (2) increased the amount authorized to be named in the travel authorization for each day in a travel status outside the continental United States from not to exceed the maximum per diem allowance plus $10 to not to exceed the maximum per diem allowance plus $18.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–234 effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1116, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1241, as amended by Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §606(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1425, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) The term 'agency' has the meaning given that term under section 5701 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2) The term 'general public' includes the Federal Government or an agency.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) applies only to travel that—

"(A) is at the expense of an agency; or

"(B) is accepted by an agency under section 1353 of title 31, United States Code; and

"(2) does not apply to travel by any officer, employee, or other official of the Government who is not in or under any agency.

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

Pub. L. 103–355, title VI, §6008, Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3367, related to maximizing practicable cost savings for official travel through use of frequent traveler programs, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1116(e), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1241.

Pub. L. 96–346, §3, Sept. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1148, for fiscal years 1979 to 1981, directed the Administrator of General Services to collect by fiscal year information with respect to agencies spending more than $5,000,000 annually on transportation of people, identifying general causes and purposes of travel and estimates of total payments, average cost and duration of trip, and identifying by specific agency of travel practices which appear to be inefficient and recommendations to Congress on the applicability of alternatives to travel as well as other techniques to improve use of travel in carrying out program objectives relating travel to mission.

Authority of President under subsec. (a) of this section to establish maximum rates of per diem allowances to extent that such authority pertains to travel status of employees while enroute to, from, or between localities situated outside 48 contiguous States of United States and District of Columbia delegated to Administrator of General Services, see section 1(2) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Authority of President under subsec. (a) of this section to establish maximum rates of per diem allowances and reimbursements for actual and necessary expenses of official travel for employees of Government to extent that such authority pertains to travel status in localities in Alaska, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and possessions of United States delegated to Secretary of Defense, see section 1(h) of Ex. Ord. No. 10621, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3.

Ex. Ord. No. 12561, July 1, 1986, 51 F.R. 24299, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 102(a) of the Federal Civilian Employee and Contractor Travel Expenses Act of 1985 (Public Law 99–234) ("the Act") [amending this section] and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is ordered as follows:

"(h) The authority vested in the President by Section 102(a) of the Federal Civilian Employee and Contractor Travel Expenses Act of 1985, 5 U.S.C. 5702(a), to establish maximum rates of per diem allowances and reimbursements for the actual and necessary expenses of official travel for employees of the Government to the extent that such authority pertains to travel status in localities in Alaska, Hawaii, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and possessions of the United States."

Ronald Reagan.

An employee serving intermittently in the Government service as an expert or consultant and paid on a daily when-actually-employed basis, or serving without pay or at $1 a year, may be allowed travel or transportation expenses, under this subchapter, while away from his home or regular place of business and at the place of employment or service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 91–114, §2, Nov. 10, 1969, 83 Stat. 190; Pub. L. 94–22, §4, May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 85.)

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5 U.S.C. 73b–2. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §5, 60 Stat. 808. | |

July 28, 1955, ch. 424, §2, 69 Stat. 394. | ||

Aug. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–139, §§2, 8(b), 75 Stat. 339, 340. |


Subsection (a) is added on authority of section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

In subsection (b), the words "in lieu of subsistence" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "per diem allowance" in section 5701(4). The words "this subchapter" are substituted for "the Standardized Government Travel Regulations, Subsistence Expense Act of 1926, as amended (5 U.S.C. 821–833) and the Act of February 14, 1931, as amended by this Act" as the Subsistence Expense Act of 1926 and the Act of February 14, 1931, were repealed by section 9(a) of the Travel Expense Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 167, part of which appeared in former section 842 and is carried into section 5708, and as the authority for the Standardized Government Travel Regulations in former section 840 is carried into section 5707.

In subsection (c), the words "this subchapter" are substituted for "said regulations and said Act of February 14, 1931, as so amended" as the Act of February 14, 1931, was repealed by section 9(a) of the Travel Expense Act of 1949, 63 Stat. 167, part of which appeared in former section 842 and is carried into section 5708, and as the authority for the Standardized Government Travel Regulations in former section 840 is carried into section 5707. The words "in lieu of subsistence" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "per diem allowance" in section 5701(4).

In subsection (d), the words "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title" are substituted for "in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Director, Bureau of the Budget, pursuant to section 840 of this title".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–22 struck out separate provisions for per diem allowances of employees serving as experts, consultants, or serving without pay or at $1 a year.

**1969**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–114 increased the per diem allowance for travel inside continental United States from not to exceed the rate of $16 to not to exceed the rate of $25.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–114 in cl. (1) increased amount authorized to be named in travel authorization for each day in a travel status inside continental United States from not to exceed $30 to not to exceed $40, and in cl. (2) increased amount authorized to be named in travel authorization for each day in a travel status outside continental United States from not to exceed maximum per diem allowance plus $10 to not to exceed the maximum per diem allowance plus $18.

(a)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government is entitled to a rate per mile established by the Administrator of General Services, instead of the actual expenses of transportation, for the use of a privately owned automobile when that mode of transportation is authorized or approved as more advantageous to the Government. In any year in which the Internal Revenue Service establishes a single standard mileage rate for optional use by taxpayers in computing the deductible costs of operating their automobiles for business purposes, the rate per mile shall be the single standard mileage rate established by the Internal Revenue Service.

(2) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government is entitled to a rate per mile established by the Administrator of General Services, instead of the actual expenses of transportation, for the use of a privately owned airplane or a privately owned motorcycle when that mode of transportation is authorized or approved as more advantageous to the Government.

(b) A determination that travel by a privately owned vehicle is more advantageous to the Government is not required under subsection (a) of this section when payment on a mileage basis is limited to the cost of travel by common carrier including per diem.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, in any case in which an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government chooses to use a privately owned vehicle in lieu of a Government vehicle, payment on a mileage basis is limited to the cost of travel by a Government vehicle.

(d) In addition to the rate per mile authorized under subsection (a) of this section, the employee may be reimbursed for—

(1) parking fees;

(2) ferry fees;

(3) bridge, road, and tunnel costs; and

(4) airplane landing and tie-down fees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 499; Pub. L. 94–22, §5, May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 96–346, §2, Sept. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §634(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2428; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §915(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3475.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 837. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §4, 63 Stat. 166. | |

July 28, 1955, ch. 424, §4, 69 Stat. 394. Aug. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–139, §§3, 4, 75 Stat. 339, 340. |


The word "employee" is substituted for "Civilian officers and employees of departments and establishments" in view of the definition of "employee" in sections 5701 and 2105.

In subsection (a), the words "Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title" are substituted for "under regulations prescribed by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2014**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 113–291, in last sentence, substituted "the rate per mile shall be the single standard mileage rate established by the Internal Revenue Service" for "the rate per mile established by the Administrator shall not exceed the single standard mileage rate established by the Internal Revenue Service".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–329 amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

"(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government is entitled to not in excess of—

"(1) 20 cents a mile for the use of a privately owned motorcycle;

"(2) 25 cents a mile for the use of a privately owned automobile; or

"(3) 45 cents a mile for the use of a privately owned airplane;

instead of actual expenses of transportation when that mode of transportation is authorized or approved as more advantageous to the Government. A determination of such advantage is not required when payment on a mileage basis is limited to the cost of travel by common carrier including per diem. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection, in any case in which an employee who is engaged on official business for the Government chooses to use a privately owned vehicle in lieu of a Government vehicle, payment on a mileage basis is limited to the cost of travel by a Government vehicle.

"(b) In addition to the mileage allowance authorized under subsection (a) of this section, the employee may be reimbursed for—

"(1) parking fees;

"(2) ferry fees;

"(3) bridge, road, and tunnel costs; and

"(4) airplane landing and tie-down fees."

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–346, §2(1), substituted "20 cents" for "11 cents".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96–346, §2(2), substituted "25 cents" for "20 cents".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 96–346, §2(3), substituted "45 cents" for "24 cents".

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–22 struck out "or other individual performing services for the Government" after "employee", substituted "for the Government" for "inside or outside his designated post of duty or place of service", increased from 8 to 11 cents the allowance for use of a motorcycle, from 12 to 20 cents the allowance for use of an automobile, and from 12 to 24 cents the allowance for use of an airplane, and inserted provision relating to the limitation of an allowance to the cost of travel by Government vehicle when an employee chooses a privately owned vehicle in lieu of a Government vehicle.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–22 inserted "authorized" after "allowance", struck out "or other individual performing service for the Government" after "employee", and provided for reimbursement of airplane landing and tie-down fee.

An agency may advance, through the proper disbursing official, to an employee entitled to per diem or mileage allowances under this subchapter, a sum considered advisable with regard to the character and probable duration of the travel to be performed. A sum advanced and not used for allowable travel expenses is recoverable from the employee or his estate by—

(1) setoff against accrued pay, retirement credit, or other amount due the employee;

(2) deduction from an amount due from the United States; and

(3) such other method as is provided by law.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 94–22, §2(b), May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 84.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 838. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §5, 63 Stat. 166. |


The words "disbursing official" are substituted for "disbursing officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104 which excludes a member of a uniformed service. Application to section 5703 is based on former section 73b–2, which is carried into section 5703.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–22 struck out "or individual" after "employee" wherever appearing.

Except as otherwise permitted by this subchapter or by statutes relating to members of the uniformed services, only actual and necessary travel expenses may be allowed to an individual holding employment or appointment under the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 500.)

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5 U.S.C. 839. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §6, 63 Stat. 167. |


The words "members of the uniformed services" are substituted for "military personnel".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, when the life of an employee who serves in a law enforcement, investigative, or similar capacity, or members of such employee's immediate family, is threatened as a result of the employee's assigned duties, the head of the agency concerned may approve appropriate subsistence payments for the employee or members of the employee's family (or both) while occupying temporary living accommodations at or away from the employee's designated post of duty.

(b) When a situation described in subsection (a) of this section requires the employee or members of the employee's family (or both) to be temporarily relocated away from the employee's designated post of duty, the head of the agency concerned may approve transportation expenses to and from such alternate location.

(Added Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §103(a), Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1757.)

Section effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment note under section 5701 of this title.

An individual being considered for employment by an agency may be paid travel or transportation expenses under this subchapter for travel to and from pre-employment interviews determined necessary by the agency.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §206(a)(1)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1457.)

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to section 5707 of this title, the head of an agency or department, or his or her designee, may use appropriations or other funds available to the agency for administrative expenses, for the reimbursement of Federal, State, and local income taxes incurred by an employee of the agency or by an employee and such employee's spouse (if filing jointly), for any travel or transportation reimbursement made to an employee for which reimbursement or an allowance is provided.

(b) Reimbursements under this section shall include an amount equal to all income taxes for which the employee and spouse, as the case may be, would be liable due to the reimbursement for the taxes referred to in subsection (a). In addition, reimbursements under this section shall include penalties and interest, for the tax years 1993 and 1994 only, as a result of agencies failing to withhold the appropriate amounts for tax liabilities of employees affected by the change in the deductibility of travel expenses made by Public Law 102–486.

(Added Pub. L. 105–264, §4(a), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2354.)

Public Law 102–486, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 102–486, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2776, known as the Energy Policy Act of 1992. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 13201 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and Tables.

Pub. L. 105–264, §4(c), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2354, provided that: "This section [enacting this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 1993."

(a)(1) The Administrator of General Services shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter, except that the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall prescribe such regulations with respect to official travel by employees of the judicial branch of the Government.

(2) Regulations promulgated to implement section 5702 or 5706a of this title shall be transmitted to the appropriate committees of the Congress and shall not take effect until 30 days after such transmittal.

(b) The Administrator of General Services shall prescribe the mileage reimbursement rates for use on official business of privately owned airplanes, privately owned automobiles, and privately owned motorcycles while engaged on official business as provided for in section 5704 of this title as follows:

(1)(A) The Administrator of General Services shall conduct periodic investigations of the cost of travel and the operation of privately owned airplanes and privately owned motorcycles by employees while engaged on official business, and shall report the results of such investigations to Congress at least once a year.

(B) In conducting the periodic investigations, the Administrator shall review and analyze among other factors—

(i) depreciation of original vehicle cost;

(ii) gasoline and oil (excluding taxes);

(iii) maintenance, accessories, parts, and tires;

(iv) insurance; and

(v) State and Federal taxes.

(2)(A) The Administrator shall issue regulations under this section which—

(i) shall provide that the mileage reimbursement rate for privately owned automobiles, as provided in section 5704(a)(1), is the single standard mileage rate established by the Internal Revenue Service referred to in that section, and

(ii) shall prescribe mileage reimbursement rates which reflect the current costs as determined by the Administrator of operating privately owned airplanes and motorcycles.

(B) At least once each year after the issuance of the regulations described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Administrator shall determine, based upon the results of the cost investigation, specific figures, each rounded to the nearest half cent, of the average, actual cost per mile during the period for the use of a privately owned airplane, automobile, and motorcycle.

(C) The Administrator shall report the specific figures to Congress not later than five working days after the Administrator makes the cost determination. Each such report shall be printed in the Federal Register.

(D) The mileage reimbursement rates contained in the regulations prescribed under this section shall be adjusted within thirty days following the submission of the report under subparagraph (C) of this paragraph.

(c)(1) Not later than November 30 of each year, the head of each agency shall submit to the Administrator of General Services, in a format prescribed by the Administrator and approved by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget—

(A) data on total agency payments for such items as travel and transportation of people, average costs and durations of trips, and purposes of official travel;

(B) data on estimated total agency payments for employee relocation; and

(C) an analysis of the total costs of transportation service by type, and the total number of trips utilizing each transportation type for purposes of official travel.

(2) The Administrator of General Services shall make the data submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) publicly available upon receipt.

(3) Not later than January 31 of each year, the Administrator of General Services shall submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate—

(A) an analysis of the data submitted pursuant to paragraph (1) for the agencies listed in section 901(b) of title 31 and a survey of such data for each other agency; and

(B) a description of any new regulations promulgated or changes to existing regulations authorized under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 94–22, §6(a), May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 85; Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §104, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 101–391, §5(a)(1), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 750; Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §634(b), (c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2429, 2430; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1614(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(e), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §915(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3475; Pub. L. 115–34, §3, May 16, 2017, 131 Stat. 846.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 840. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §7, 63 Stat. 167. |


The first sentence is based in part on former sections 73b–2, 836, and 837, which are carried into this subchapter. Application of the second sentence to section 5703, and the third sentence, are based on former section 73b–2, which is carried into section 5703.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2017**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–34 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "The Administrator of General Services shall periodically, but at least every 2 years, submit to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget an analysis of estimated total agency payments for such items as travel and transportation of people, average costs and duration of trips, and purposes of official travel; and of estimated total agency payments for employee relocation. This analysis shall be based on a sampling survey of agencies each of which spent more than $5,000,000 during the previous fiscal year on travel and transportation payments, including payments for employee relocation. Agencies shall provide to the Administrator the necessary information in a format prescribed by the Administrator and approved by the Director."

**2014**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 113–291, §915(b)(1), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Defense, and representatives of organizations of employees of the Government, shall conduct periodic investigations of the cost of travel and the operation of privately owned vehicles to employees while engaged on official business, and shall report the results of such investigations to Congress at least once a year."

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 113–291, §915(b)(2), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "shall prescribe a mileage reimbursement rate which reflects the current costs as determined by the Administrator of operating privately owned automobiles, and which shall not exceed, as provided in section 5704(a)(1) of this title, the single standard mileage rate established by the Internal Revenue Service, and".

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out "the Comptroller General of the United States," after "in consultation with".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201 struck out subsec. (d) which provided that agencies ensure that their approved accommodation percentages be not less than specified percentages for fiscal years beginning 4 and 5 years after Sept. 25, 1990, and that their percentages be not less than 90 percent for fiscal years beginning 6 years after Sept. 25, 1990, and thereafter.

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–329, §634(b), amended subsec. (b) generally, revising and restructuring text.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–329, §634(c), redesignated par. (1) as entire subsec. and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "The requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall expire upon the Administrator's submission of the analysis that includes the fiscal year that ends September 30, 1991."

**1990**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–391 added subsec. (d).

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–234 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–234 added subsec. (c).

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–22 inserted "and reports" in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "Administrator of General Services" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget", struck out provision for fixing, payment, advancement and recovery of travel allowances and expenses in accordance with the regulations and provision for the non-applicability of this section to per diem allowances under section 5703(c), and inserted provision for regulations for travel by employees of the judicial branch of the Government by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, and added subsec. (b).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–234 effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–22, §6(b), May 19, 1975, 89 Stat. 86, provided that regulations required under the first sentence of subsec. (b)(2) of this section, as amended by subsec. (a) of section 6 of Pub. L. 94–22, were to be issued no later than 30 days after May 19, 1975.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsection (b)(1) of this section relating to reporting results of investigations to Congress, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 174 of House Document No. 103–7.

Pub. L. 115–34, §2, May 16, 2017, 131 Stat. 846, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) means a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, or other entity, that uses a digital network to connect riders to drivers affiliated with the entity in order for the driver to transport the rider using a vehicle owned, leased, or otherwise authorized for use by the driver to a point chosen by the rider; and

"(B) does not include a shared-expense carpool or vanpool arrangement that is not intended to generate profit for the driver."

Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. B, title XXV, §2505, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–837, as amended by Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title VII, §707], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–461; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) the name and employing agency of the officer or employee;

"(2) the name of the official who authorized the travel; and

"(3) the purpose and duration of the travel.

"(c)

"(1) setting forth the actual duration and cost of the travel; and

"(2) updating any other information included in the preliminary report.

"(d)

"(1) the names and employing agencies of all officers and employees of Executive branch agencies who attended the international conference;

"(2) the names of all officials who authorized travel to the international conference, and the total number of officers and employees who were authorized to travel to the conference by each such official; and

"(3) the total cost of travel by officers and employees of Executive branch agencies to the international conference.

"(e)

"(1) the President or the Vice President;

"(2) any officer or employee who is carrying out an intelligence or intelligence-related activity, who is performing a protective function, or who is engaged in a sensitive diplomatic mission; or

"(3) any officer or employee who travels prior to January 1, 1999.

"(f)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) an entity or entities, other than the Government Accountability Office, defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) the Executive Office of the President (except as provided in subsection (e)).

"(3)

"(g)

"(1) the total Federal expenditure of all official international travel in each Executive branch agency during the previous fiscal year; and

"(2) the total number of individuals in each agency who engaged in such travel."

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §635, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1316, provided that: "No later than 30 days after the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1997], the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall require all Federal departments and agencies to report total obligations for the expenses of employee relocation. All obligations incident to employee relocation authorized under either chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, or section 901 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4081; Public Law 96–465), shall be included. Such information for the past, current, and budget years shall be included in the agency budget submission to the President. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall prepare a table presenting obligations for the expenses of employee relocation for all departments and agencies, and such table shall be transmitted to Congress each year as part of the President's annual budget."

Pub. L. 101–391, §5(b), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 751, which provided that not later than 6 months after the last day of the first fiscal year during which lodging expenses were subject to the requirements of former subsec. (d) of this section, and not later than 6 months after the last day of every fiscal year thereafter, the Comptroller General was to conduct an audit of the compliance of agencies with the requirements of such subsection, and was to submit a report to Congress describing the results of such audit, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1614(a)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739, and Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(f), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829.

(a)(1) For the purpose of making payments under this chapter for lodging expenses incurred in a State, each agency shall ensure that not less than 90 percent of the commercial-lodging room nights for employees of that agency for a fiscal year are booked in approved places of public accommodation.

(2) Each agency shall establish explicit procedures to satisfy the percentage requirement of paragraph (1).

(3) An agency shall be considered to be in compliance with the percentage requirement of paragraph (1) until September 30, 2002, and after that date if travel arrangements of the agency, whether made for civilian employees, members of the uniformed services, or foreign service personnel, are made through travel management processes designed to book commercial lodging in approved places of public accommodation, whenever available.

(b) Studies or surveys conducted for the purposes of establishing per diem rates for lodging expenses under this chapter shall be limited to approved places of public accommodation. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply with respect to studies and surveys that are conducted in any jurisdiction that is not a State.

(c) The Administrator of General Services may not include in any directory which lists lodging accommodations any hotel, motel, or other place of public accommodation that is not an approved place of public accommodation.

(d) The Administrator of General Services shall include in each directory which lists lodging accommodations a description of the access and safety devices, including appropriate emergency alerting devices, which each listed place of public accommodation provides for guests who are hearing-impaired or visually or physically handicapped.

(e) The Administrator of General Services may take any additional actions the Administrator determines appropriate to facilitate the ability of employees traveling on official business to stay at approved places of public accommodation.

(f) For purposes of this section:

(1) The term "agency" does not include the government of the District of Columbia.

(2) The term "approved places of public accommodation" means hotels, motels, and other places of public accommodation that are listed by the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency as meeting the requirements of the fire prevention and control guidelines described in section 29 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (15 U.S.C. 2225).

(3) The term "State" means any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or any other territory or possession of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 101–391, §4(a), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 749; amended Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1107(a)–(c), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1924, 1925; Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §612(c), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1410.)

**1997**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(a)(2), added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(c)(1), substituted "approved places of public accommodation" for "places of public accommodation that meet the requirements of the fire prevention and control guidelines described in section 29 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974" and struck out "as defined in section 4 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974" after "that is not a State".

Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (a) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(c)(2), substituted "is not an approved place of public accommodation" for "does not meet the requirements of the fire prevention and control guidelines described in section 29 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974".

Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(c)(3), substituted "facilitate the ability of" for "encourage" and "approved places of public accommodation" for "places of public accommodation that meet the requirements of the fire prevention and control guidelines described in section 29 of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974".

Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–85, §1107(b), added subsec. (f).

"Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency" substituted for "Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency" in subsec. (f)(2) on authority of section 612(c) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security. Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 101–391, §4(c), Sept. 25, 1990, 104 Stat. 750, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall take effect 60 days after the date of the publication in the Federal Register [Nov. 24, 1992, 57 F.R. 55314] of the master list of certified places of public accommodation maintained by the Director [now Administrator] of the Federal Emergency Management Agency pursuant to section 28(b) of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 [15 U.S.C. 2224(b)] (as added by section 3 of this Act)."

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

This subchapter does not modify or repeal—

(1) any statute providing for the traveling expenses of the President;

(2) any statute providing for mileage allowances for Members of Congress;

(3) any statute fixing or permitting rates higher than the maximum rates established under this subchapter; or

(4) any appropriation statute item for examination of estimates in the field.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 500.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1), (2) | 5 U.S.C. 841. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §8, 63 Stat. 167. |

(3), (4) | 5 U.S.C. 842. | June 9, 1949, ch. 185, §9, 63 Stat. 167. |


In paragraph (2), the words "Members of Congress" are substituted for "the President of the Senate or Members of Congress" in view of the definition of "Member of Congress" in section 2106.

The first sentence of section 9 of the Act of June 9, 1949, which repealed the Subsistence Act of 1926 and the Auto Mileage Act of February 14, 1931, is omitted as executed.

The first proviso of former section 842, which related to appropriation Acts for the years 1949 and 1950, is omitted as obsolete. The remainder of former section 842, other than the parenthetical expressions, is omitted as executed and existing rights are preserved by technical section 8.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and under regulations prescribed under section 5707 of this title, an employee and his dependents may be furnished subsistence without charge while being evacuated as a patient by military aircraft of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 91–481, §1(1), Oct. 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 1081.)

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, under a test program which the Administrator of General Services determines to be in the interest of the Government and approves, an agency may pay through the proper disbursing official for a period not to exceed 24 months any necessary travel expenses in lieu of any payment otherwise authorized or required under this subchapter. An agency shall include in any request to the Administrator for approval of such a test program an analysis of the expected costs and benefits and a set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

(2) Any test program conducted under this section shall be designed to enhance cost savings or other efficiencies that accrue to the Government.

(3) Nothing in this section is intended to limit the authority of any agency to conduct test programs.

(b) The Administrator shall transmit a copy of any test program approved by the Administrator under this section to the appropriate committees of the Congress at least 30 days before the effective date of the program.

(c) An agency authorized to conduct a test program under subsection (a) shall provide to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of the Congress a report on the results of the program no later than 3 months after completion of the program.

(d) No more than 10 test programs under this section may be conducted simultaneously.

(e) The authority to conduct test programs under this section shall expire 7 years after the date of the enactment of the Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998.

(Added Pub. L. 105–264, §5(a), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2354.)

The date of the enactment of the Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–264, which was approved Oct. 19, 1998.

(a) Except as provided under subsection (f)(1), in this section, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—

(1) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, under a test program which the Administrator of General Services determines to be in the interest of the Government and approves, an employing agency may pay through the proper disbursing official any necessary travel expenses in lieu of any payment otherwise authorized or required under this subchapter for employees participating in a telework program. Under an approved test program, an agency may provide an employee with the option to waive any payment authorized or required under this subchapter. An agency shall include in any request to the Administrator for approval of such a test program an analysis of the expected costs and benefits and a set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

(2) Any test program conducted under this section shall be designed to enhance cost savings or other efficiencies that accrue to the Government.

(3) Under any test program, if an agency employee voluntarily relocates from the pre-existing duty station of that employee, the Administrator may authorize the employing agency to establish a reasonable maximum number of occasional visits to the pre-existing duty station before that employee is eligible for payment of any accrued travel expenses by that agency.

(4) Nothing in this section is intended to limit the authority of any agency to conduct test programs.

(c) The Administrator shall transmit a copy of any test program approved by the Administrator under this section, and the rationale for approval, to the appropriate committees of Congress at least 30 days before the effective date of the program.

(d)(1) An agency authorized to conduct a test program under subsection (b) shall provide to the Administrator, the Telework Managing Officer of that agency, and the appropriate committees of Congress a report on the results of the program not later than 3 months after completion of the program.

(2) The results in a report described under paragraph (1) may include—

(A) the number of visits an employee makes to the pre-existing duty station of that employee;

(B) the travel expenses paid by the agency;

(C) the travel expenses paid by the employee; or

(D) any other information the agency determines useful to aid the Administrator, Telework Managing Officer, and Congress in understanding the test program and the impact of the program.

(e) No more than 10 test programs under this section may be conducted simultaneously.

(f)(1) In this subsection, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—

(A) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on Oversight and Reform of the House of Representatives;

(C) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate; and

(D) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.

(2) The Patent and Trademark Office shall conduct a program under this subsection.

(3) In conducting the program under this subsection, the Patent and Trademark Office may pay any travel expenses of an employee for travel to and from a Patent and Trademark Office worksite or provide an employee with the option to waive any payment authorized or required under this subchapter, if—

(A) the employee is employed at a Patent and Trademark Office worksite and enters into an approved telework arrangement;

(B) the employee requests to telework from a location beyond the local commuting area of the Patent and Trademark Office worksite; and

(C) the Patent and Trademark Office approves the requested arrangement for reasons of employee convenience instead of an agency need for the employee to relocate in order to perform duties specific to the new location.

(4)(A) The Patent and Trademark Office shall establish an oversight committee comprising an equal number of members representing management and labor, including representatives from each collective bargaining unit.

(B) The oversight committee shall develop and maintain the operating procedures for the program under this subsection to—

(i) provide for the effective and appropriate functioning of the program; and

(ii) ensure that—

(I) reasonable technological or other alternatives to employee travel are used before requiring employee travel, including teleconferencing, videoconferencing or internet-based technologies;

(II) the program is applied consistently and equitably throughout the Patent and Trademark Office; and

(III) an optimal operating standard is developed and implemented for maximizing the use of the telework arrangement described under paragraph (2) while minimizing agency travel expenses and employee travel requirements.

(5)(A) The program under this subsection shall be designed to enhance cost savings or other efficiencies that accrue to the Government.

(B) The Director of the Patent and Trademark Office shall prepare and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an annual report on the operation of the program under this subsection, which shall include—

(i) the costs and benefits of the program; and

(ii) an analysis of the effectiveness of the program, as determined under criteria developed by the Director.

(C) With respect to an employee of the Patent and Trademark Office who voluntarily relocates from the pre-existing duty station of that employee, the operating procedures of the program may include a reasonable maximum number of occasional visits to the pre-existing duty station before that employee is eligible for payment of any accrued travel expenses by the Office.

(g) The authority to conduct test programs under subsection (b) shall expire on December 31, 2020.

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §3(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3171; amended Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1105(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2001; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1112(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3893.)

**2021**—Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(1), struck out "test" before "programs" in section catchline.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted "appropriate committees" for "appropriate committee" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(A)(ii), struck out "Government" before "Reform".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(B), struck out "test" before "program" and substituted "subsection" for "section, including the provision of reports in accordance with subsection (d)(1)".

Subsec. (f)(4)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(C), inserted "and maintain" after "develop" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (f)(5)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(D)(i), struck out "test" before "program".

Subsec. (f)(5)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(2)(D)(ii), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows:

"(B) The Director of the Patent and Trademark Office shall—

"(i) prepare an analysis of the expected costs and benefits and a set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the program; and

"(ii) before the test program is implemented, submit the analysis and criteria to the Administrator of General Services and to the appropriate committees of Congress."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 116–283, §1112(a)(3), substituted "subsection (b)" for "this section".

**2018**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "on December 31, 2020" for "7 years after the date of the enactment of the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010".

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1105(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2001, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as though enacted on December 1, 2017."

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) a military department;

(C) a court of the United States;

(D) the Administrative Office of the United States Courts;

(E) the Library of Congress;

(F) the Botanic Garden;

(G) the Architect of the Capitol;

(H) the Government Publishing Office; and

(I) the government of the District of Columbia;

but does not include a Government controlled corporation;

(2) "employee" means an individual employed in or under an agency;

(3) "continental United States" means the several States and the District of Columbia, but does not include Alaska or Hawaii;

(4) "Government" means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia;

(5) "appropriation" includes funds made available by statute under section 9104 of title 31;

(6) "United States" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the territories and possessions of the United States, and the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama that are made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979); and

(7) "Foreign Service of the United States" means the Foreign Service as constituted under the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 500; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(14), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(1), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356; Pub. L. 110–161, div. H, title I, §1303(a), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2242; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

The section is based on sections 18 and 19 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811, 812. Sections 18 and 19 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, are omitted from this title and transferred to other titles of the United States Code since such sections apply also to sections 9, 11, and 16(a) of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, which sections appear in titles 31 and 41 of the United States Code.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, referred to in par. (6), is classified to section 3602(a) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (7), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

**2007**—Par. (1)(G) to (I). Pub. L. 110–161 added subpar. (G) and redesignated former subpars. (G) and (H) as (H) and (I), respectively.

**1998**—Pars. (6), (7). Pub. L. 105–264 added pars. (6) and (7).

**1982**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 9104" for "section 849".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1)(H) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title and subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section, an agency may pay from its appropriations—

(1) travel expenses of a new appointee and transportation expenses of his immediate family and his household goods and personal effects from the place of actual residence at the time of appointment to the place of employment outside the continental United States;

(2) these expenses on the return of an employee from his post of duty outside the continental United States to the place of his actual residence at the time of assignment to duty outside the continental United States; and

(3) the expenses of transporting a privately owned motor vehicle as authorized under section 5727(c) of this title.

(b) An agency may pay expenses under subsection (a)(1) of this section only after the individual selected for appointment agrees in writing to remain in the Government service for a minimum period of—

(1) one school year as determined under chapter 25 of title 20, if selected for appointment to a teaching position, except as a substitute, in the Department of Defense under that chapter; or

(2) 12 months after his appointment, if selected for appointment to any other position;

unless separated for reasons beyond his control which are acceptable to the agency concerned. If the individual violates the agreement, the money spent by the Government for the expenses is recoverable from the individual as a debt due the Government.

(c) An agency may pay expenses under subsection (a)(2) of this section only after the individual has served for a minimum period of—

(1) one school year as determined under chapter 25 of title 20, if employed in a teaching position, except as a substitute, in the Department of Defense under that chapter; or

(2) not less than one nor more than 3 years prescribed in advance by the head of the agency, if employed in any other position;

unless separated for reasons beyond his control which are acceptable to the agency concerned. These expenses are payable whether the separation is for Government purposes or for personal convenience.

(d) This section does not apply to appropriations for the Foreign Service of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §§1715(b)(1), 1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2755, 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(2), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–3(a) (less 3d–6th proviso). | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §7, 60 Stat. 808. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §2, 64 Stat. 985. |
|

Aug. 30, 1961, Pub. L. 87–172, §2, 75 Stat. 409. |


In subsections (b)(1) and (c)(1), the words "under chapter 25 of title 20" are substituted for "under the Defense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act" to reflect the scheduled transfer of that Act from chapter 34 of title 5 to chapter 25 of title 20.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–264, §6(2)(A), substituted "continental United States;" for "United States;".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–264, §6(2)(B), substituted "Government" for "United States" in two places in concluding provisions.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(b)(1), added par. (3).

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1725(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2760, provided that: "The amendments made by this title [enacting sections 5737, 5738, and 5756 of this title, amending this section, sections 3375, 5723 to 5724c, 5726 to 5729, and 5731 of this title, section 1348 of Title 31, Money and Finance, section 707 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, and sections 290aa and 299c–4 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 23, 1996]."

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1725(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2760, provided that: "The Administrator of General Services shall, not later than the effective date set forth under subsection (a) [set out above], issue final regulations implementing the amendments made by this title [see Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note above]."

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1724, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759, directed Comptroller General, not later than one year after the effective date set forth in section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, to submit to Congress an assessment of costs of Federal travel administration that were saved as a result of the amendments made by title XVII of div. A of Pub. L. 104–201 and the regulations prescribed to carry out the amendments.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title and subject to subsections (b) and (c) of this section, an agency may pay from its appropriations—

(1) travel expenses (A) of a new appointee, or a student trainee when assigned on completion of college work, to any position, (B) of a new appointee to the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service, or (C) of any person appointed by the President to a position the rate of pay for which is equal to or higher than the minimum rate of pay payable for a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108;

(2) transportation expenses of his immediate family and his household goods and personal effects to the extent authorized by section 5724 of this title; and

(3) the expenses of transporting a privately owned motor vehicle as authorized under section 5727(c) of this title;

from his place of residence at the time of selection or assignment to his duty station. If the travel and transportation expenses of a student trainee were paid when he was appointed, they may not be paid when he is assigned after completion of college work. Travel expenses payable under this subsection may include the per diem and mileage allowances authorized for employees by subchapter I of this chapter. Advances of funds may be made for the expenses authorized by this subsection to the extent authorized by section 5724(f) of this title. In the case of an appointee described in paragraph (1) who has performed transition activities under section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note), the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) may apply to travel and transportation expenses from the place of residence of such appointee (at the time of relocation following the most recent general elections held to determine the electors of the President) to the assigned duty station of such appointee.

(b) An agency may pay travel and transportation expenses under subsection (a) of this section only after the individual selected or assigned agrees in writing to remain in the Government service for 12 months after his appointment or assignment, unless separated for reasons beyond his control which are acceptable to the agency concerned. If the individual violates the agreement, the money spent by the Government for the expenses is recoverable from the individual as a debt due the Government.

(c) An agency may pay travel and transportation expenses under subsection (a) of this section whether or not the individual selected has been appointed at the time of the travel. In the case of an appointee described in subsection (a)(1) who has performed transition activities under section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note), the travel or transportation shall take place at any time after the most recent general elections held to determine the electors of the President.

(d) This section does not impair or otherwise affect the authority of an agency under existing statute to pay travel and transportation expenses of individuals named by subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §305, title IV, §409(a), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147, 1173, 1224; Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §120(a), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1968; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(j), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 100–398, §6, Aug. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 987; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §206(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1457; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(48), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §§1715(b)(2), 1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2755, 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(3), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–3 (less (a)). | Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–749, 72 Stat. 843. | |

July 5, 1960, Pub. L. 86–587, §1, 74 Stat. 327. | ||

Oct. 16, 1963, Pub. L. 88–146, 77 Stat. 252. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is section 3 of Pub. L. 88–277, which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "spent by the Government" for "spent by the United States" and "due the Government" for "due the United States".

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(b)(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (a) by adding par. (3) at the end, was executed by adding par. (3) after par. (2) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(48)(A), struck out "; manpower shortage positions" after "trainees" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(48)(B), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which authorized Office to delegate its authority to determine positions for which there was a manpower shortage for purposes of this section.

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §206(b)(1)], substituted "any position" for "a position in the United States for which the Office of Personnel Management determines there is a manpower shortage".

Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §206(b)(2)], substituted "the minimum rate of pay payable for a position classified above GS–15 pursuant to section 5108; and" for "the minimum rate of pay prescribed for GS–16; and".

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–398, §6(2), inserted at end "In the case of an appointee described in paragraph (1) who has performed transition activities under section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note), the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) may apply to travel and transportation expenses from the place of residence of such appointee (at the time of relocation following the most recent general elections held to determine the electors of the President) to the assigned duty station of such appointee."

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–398, §6(1), which directed that par. (1) be amended by striking out "or (B)" and inserting "or (C)", could not be executed because phrase "or (B)" did not appear in par. (1) after the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 100–325, see below.

Pub. L. 100–325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service in cl. (B) and redesignated a second cl. (B) as (C).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–398, §6(3), inserted at end "In the case of an appointee described in subsection (a)(1) who has performed transition activities under section 3 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note), the travel or transportation shall take place at any time after the most recent general elections held to determine the electors of the President."

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–473 directed amendment of subpar. (C) by striking out ", by and with the advice and consent of the Senate," which was executed to second subpar. (B) by striking out that phrase following "appointed by the President", as probable intent of Congress.

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–151, designated existing provisions as subpars. (A) and (B), and added a second subpar. (B) relating to any person appointed by President.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 95–454, §409(a), inserted reference to a new appointee to the Senior Executive Service.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §§305, 906(a)(3), struck out "not" before "delegate", and substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–151 and promulgation of regulations for amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 effective Nov. 14, 1983, see section 118(c) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendment by sections 305 and 906(a)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by section 409(a) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 to be carried out by agencies by use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for administrative expenses of such agencies, and do not authorize appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies, see section 118(b) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title and when the head of the agency concerned or his designee authorizes or approves, the agency shall pay from Government funds—

(1) the travel expenses of an employee transferred in the interest of the Government from one official station or agency to another for permanent duty, and the transportation expenses of his immediate family, or a commutation thereof under section 5704 of this title;

(2) the expenses of transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking his household goods and personal effects not in excess of 18,000 pounds net weight; and

(3) upon the separation (or death in service) of a career appointee, as defined in section 3132(a)(4) of this title, the travel expenses of that individual (if applicable), the transportation expenses of the immediate family of such individual, and the expenses of moving (including transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking) the household goods of such individual and personal effects not in excess of eighteen thousand pounds net weight, to the place where the individual will reside (or, in the case of a career appointee who dies in service or who dies after separating but before the travel, transportation, and moving is completed, to the place where the family will reside) within the United States, if such individual—

(A) during or after the five years preceding eligibility to receive an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83, or of chapter 84 of this title, has been transferred in the interest of the Government from one official station to another for permanent duty as a career appointee in the Senior Executive Service or as a director under section 4103(a)(8) of title 38 (as in effect on November 17, 1988); and

(B) is eligible to receive an annuity upon such separation (or, in the case of death in service, met the requirements for being considered eligible to receive an annuity, as of date of death) under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of this title.

(b) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an employee who transports a house trailer or mobile dwelling inside the continental United States, inside Alaska, or between the continental United States and Alaska, for use as a residence, and who otherwise would be entitled to transportation of household goods and personal effects under subsection (a) of this section, is entitled, instead of that transportation, to—

(1) a reasonable allowance for transportation of the house trailer or mobile dwelling, if the trailer or dwelling is transported by the employee; or

(2) commercial transportation of the house trailer or mobile dwelling, at Government expense, or reimbursement to the employee therefor, including the payment of necessary tolls, charges, and permit fees, if the trailer or dwelling is not transported by the employee.

However, payment under this subsection may not exceed the maximum payment to which the employee otherwise would be entitled under subsection (a) of this section for transportation and temporary storage of his household goods and personal effects in connection with this transfer.

(c) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an employee who transfers between points inside the continental United States, instead of being paid for the actual expenses of transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking of household goods and personal effects, shall be reimbursed on a commuted basis at the rates per 100 pounds that are fixed by zones in the regulations. The reimbursement may not exceed the amount which would be allowable for the authorized weight allowance. However, under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, payment of actual expenses may be made when the head of the agency determines that payment of actual expenses is more economical to the Government.

(d) When an employee transfers to a post of duty outside the continental United States, his expenses of travel and transportation to and from the post shall be allowed to the same extent and with the same limitations prescribed for a new appointee under section 5722 of this title.

(e) When an employee transfers from one agency to another, the agency to which he transfers pays the expenses authorized by this section. However, under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, in a transfer from one agency to another because of a reduction in force or transfer of function, expenses authorized by this section and sections 5726(b) and 5727 of this title (other than expenses authorized in connection with a transfer to a foreign country) and by section 5724a(a) through (f) of this title may be paid in whole or in part by the agency from which the employee transfers or by the agency to which he transfers, as may be agreed on by the heads of the agencies concerned.

(f) An advance of funds may be made to an employee under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title with the same safeguards required under section 5705 of this title.

(g) The allowances authorized by this section do not apply to an employee transferred under the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

(h) When a transfer is made primarily for the convenience or benefit of an employee, including an employee in the Foreign Service of the United States, or at his request, his expenses of travel and transportation and the expenses of transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking of household goods and personal effects may not be allowed or paid from Government funds.

(i) An agency may pay travel and transportation expenses (including storage of household goods and personal effects) and other relocation allowances under this section and sections 5724a, 5724b, and 5726(c) of this title when an employee is transferred within the continental United States only after the employee agrees in writing to remain in the Government service for 12 months after his transfer, unless separated for reasons beyond his control that are acceptable to the agency concerned. If the employee violates the agreement, the money spent by the Government for the expenses and allowances is recoverable from the employee as a debt due the Government.

(j) The regulations prescribed under this section shall provide that the reassignment or transfer of any employee, for permanent duty, from one official station or agency to another which is outside the employee's commuting area shall take effect only after the employee has been given advance notice for a reasonable period. Emergency circumstances shall be taken into account in determining whether the period of advance notice is reasonable.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(36), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 204; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(14), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(d), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(2)–(4), (7)(B), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 977, 979; Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §629(a), Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 100–566, §3, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2845; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(49), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 103–338, §§3(a), 4, Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3114; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(a)(1)(B), (b)(1), (2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3550(c)(1), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2074; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(4), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–1(a), (b). | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §1(a), (b), 60 Stat. 806. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §§1(a), (b), 3(b), 64 Stat. 985, 986. |
|

Feb. 12, 1958, Pub. L. 85–326, 72 Stat. 14. | ||

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §301(c)(1), 74 Stat. 796. | ||

Oct. 9, 1962, Pub. L. 87–776, 76 Stat. 777. |


In subsections (a)(1) and (f), the words "section 5704 of this title" and "section 5705 of this title", respectively, are substituted for "the Act of February 14, 1931 (5 U.S.C. 73a)" and "the Subsistence Expense Act of 1926 (5 U.S.C. 828)", respectively, on authority of sections 4, 5, and 9(a) of the Travel Expense Act of 1949, as amended, which are carried into sections 5704, 5705, and 5708.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5724(a)(2) | 5 App.: 73b–1(a). | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §1(a), 80 Stat. 323. |

5724(c) | 5 App.: 73b–1(b). | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §1(b), 80 Stat. 323. |

5724(e) | 5 App.: 73b–4d. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 26", 80 Stat. 324. |

5724(i) | 5 App.: 73b–4f. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 28", 80 Stat. 325. |


Subsection (a)(1), (3) of section 1 of the act of July 21, 1966, was effected in the codification of 5 U.S.C. 5724(a)(1), (f); accordingly, no further amendments to 5 U.S.C. 5724 are necessary.

In subsection (e), the word "However" is substituted for "and notwithstanding the provisions of the fourth proviso of section 1(a) of this Act" to reflect the codification of that proviso in 5 U.S.C. 5724(e). The words "agency" and "agencies" are substituted for "department" and "departments", respectively, to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5721(1). The words "this section and sections 5726(b) and 5727 of this title" and "section 5724a (a), (b) of this title" are substituted for "section 1, subsections (a) and (b) and subsections (e) and (f)" and "sections 23 and 24 of this Act", respectively, to reflect the codification of the cited sections in 5 U.S.C. The word "employee" is substituted for "officer or employee" to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 5721(2) and 2105.

In subsection (i), the words "An agency may pay * * * expenses * * * and allowances under this section and sections 5724a and 5726(c) of this title * * * only after" are substituted for "Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 1, and of sections 23, 24, 25, and 27 of this Act, the * * * expenses * * * and * * * allowances shall not be allowed thereunder * * * unless and until" for clarity and to conform to the style of 5 U.S.C., and to reflect the codification of the cited sections in 5 U.S.C. The word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officer or employee" and "such officer or employee" to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 5721(2) and 2105. The words "continental United States" are substituted for "continental United States, excluding Alaska" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5721(3). The word "agency" is substituted for "department or agency" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5721(1). In the last sentence, the words "money spent by the United States for the expenses and allowances" are substituted for "moneys expended by the United States under said sections of this act on account of such officer or employee."

Section 4103 of title 38, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), was repealed by Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §401(a)(3), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 210. See section 7306 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (g), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (§3901 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–264, §6(4)(A), struck out ", its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements, as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979" after "United States".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–264, §6(4)(B), substituted "Government" for "United States" in two places in last sentence.

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–85, which directed the substitution of "or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico" for ", the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements, as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979", effective Jan. 1, 1999, could not be executed because such language did not appear in text subsequent to amendment by Pub. L. 105–264. See 1998 Amendment note above.

**1996**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(2)(A), substituted "under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "under regulations prescribed by the President".

Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(2)(A), substituted "under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "under regulations prescribed by the President".

Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(a)(1)(B), substituted "section 5724a(a) through (f)" for "section 5724a(a), (b)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(2)(B), substituted "under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "under the regulations of the President".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–338, §4, amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "upon the separation of a career appointee (as defined in section 3132(a)(4) of this title), the travel expenses of that individual, the transportation expenses of the immediate family of such individual, and the expenses of moving (including transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking) the household goods of such individual and personal effects not in excess of eighteen thousand pounds net weight, to the place where the individual will reside within the United States, its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements, as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (or, if the individual dies before the travel, transportation, and moving is completed, to the place where the family will reside) if such individual—

"(A) during or after the five years preceding eligibility to receive an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83, or of chapter 84 of this title, has been transferred in the interest of the Government from one official station to another for permanent duty as a career appointee in the Senior Executive Service or as a director under section 4103(a)(8) of title 38 (as in effect on November 17, 1988); and

"(B) is eligible to receive an annuity upon such separation under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of this title."

Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–338, §3(a), substituted "November 17, 1988" for "November 27, 1988".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "Service or as a director under section 4103(a)(8) of title 38 (as in effect on November 27, 1988)" for "Service".

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–440 added par. (3).

Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–566 substituted "during or after the five" for "during the five" and struck out ", and thereafter" after "of this title".

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(2), substituted "18,000" for "11,000".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(3), struck out "not in excess of 20 cents a mile" after "allowance".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(7)(B), inserted reference to section 5724b of this title.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(4), added subsec. (j).

**1980**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "chapter 14 of title 22".

**1968**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "section 5724a(a), (b)" for "section 5724(a), (b)".

Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3550(c)(3), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2074, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 5724a of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1999."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–338, §3(b), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3114, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the Technical and Miscellaneous Civil Service Amendments Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–378; 106 Stat. 1346; 5 U.S.C. 1101 note)."

Pub. L. 103–338, §5(a), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3115, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] and the amendment made by this Act shall take effect on October 1, 1994, or, if later, the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 6, 1994]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 applicable with respect to a separation that takes effect on or after Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(b)(11) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–151, §118(c), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 979, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting sections 5724b and 5724c of this title and amending this section and sections 5723, 5724a, and 5726 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Nov. 14, 1983]."

"(2) Not later than thirty days after the date of the enactment of this joint resolution, the President shall prescribe the regulations required under the amendments made by subsection (a). Such regulations shall take effect as of such date of enactment."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 effective as of Sept. 11, 1967, for all purposes, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–338, §5(b), Oct. 6, 1994, 108 Stat. 3115, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(i) before separating from Government service; and

"(ii) during the period beginning on January 1, 1994, and ending on the effective date of this Act [Oct. 6, 1994].

"(3)

Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §629(b), Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1759, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be carried out by agencies by the use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for the administrative expenses of each of such respective agencies. The amendments made by such subsection do not authorize the appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding the sums otherwise authorized to be appropriated for such agencies."

Pub. L. 98–151, §118(b), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 979, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting sections 5724b and 5724c of this title and amending this section and sections 5723, 5724a, and 5726 of this title] shall be carried out by agencies by the use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for the administrative expenses of each of such respective agencies. The amendments made by such subsection do not authorize the appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding the sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies."

Administrator of General Services empowered to prescribe regulations relating to establishment of rates used in reimbursing civilian officers or employees of Government on a commuted basis in lieu of payment of actual expenses of transportation, etc., of their household goods and personal effects upon transfer from one official station to another, see Ex. Ord. No. 11012, Mar. 28, 1962, 27 F.R. 2983, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency shall pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government, a per diem allowance or the actual subsistence expenses, or a combination thereof, of the immediate family of the employee for en route travel of the immediate family between the employee's old and new official stations.

(b)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government between official stations located within the United States—

(A) the expenses of transportation of the employee and the employee's spouse for travel to seek permanent residence quarters at a new official station; and

(B) either—

(i) a per diem allowance or the actual subsistence expenses (or a combination of both); or

(ii) an amount for subsistence expenses, that may not exceed a maximum amount determined by the Administrator of General Services.

(2) Expenses may be allowed under paragraph (1) only for one round trip in connection with each change of station of the employee.

(c)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government—

(A) actual subsistence expenses of the employee and the employee's immediate family for a period of up to 60 days while the employee or family is occupying temporary quarters when the new official station is located within the United States; or

(B) an amount for subsistence expenses, that may not exceed a maximum amount determined by the Administrator of General Services, instead of the actual subsistence expenses authorized in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.

(2) The period authorized in paragraph (1) of this subsection for payment of expenses for residence in temporary quarters may be extended up to an additional 60 days if the head of the agency concerned or the designee of such head of the agency determines that there are compelling reasons for the continued occupancy of temporary quarters.

(3) The regulations implementing paragraph (1)(A) shall prescribe daily rates and amounts for subsistence expenses per individual.

(d)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency shall pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government, expenses of the sale of the residence (or the settlement of an unexpired lease) of the employee at the old official station and purchase of a residence at the new official station that are required to be paid by the employee, when the old and new official stations are located within the United States.

(2) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency shall pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government from a post of duty located outside the United States to an official station within the United States (other than the official station within the United States from which the employee was transferred when assigned to the foreign tour of duty)—

(A) expenses required to be paid by the employee of the sale of the residence (or the settlement of an unexpired lease) of the employee at the old official station from which the employee was transferred when the employee was assigned to the post of duty located outside the United States; and

(B) expenses required to be paid by the employee of the purchase of a residence at the new official station within the United States.

(3) Reimbursement of expenses under paragraph (2) of this subsection shall not be allowed for any sale (or settlement of an unexpired lease) or purchase transaction that occurs prior to official notification that the employee's return to the United States would be to an official station other than the official station from which the employee was transferred when assigned to the post of duty outside the United States.

(4) Reimbursement for brokerage fees on the sale of the residence and other expenses under this subsection may not exceed those customarily charged in the locality where the residence is located.

(5) Reimbursement may not be made under this subsection for losses incurred by the employee on the sale of the residence.

(6) This subsection applies regardless of whether title to the residence or the unexpired lease is—

(A) in the name of the employee alone;

(B) in the joint names of the employee and a member of the employee's immediate family; or

(C) in the name of a member of the employee's immediate family alone.

(7)(A) In connection with the sale of the residence at the old official station, reimbursement under this subsection shall not exceed 10 percent of the sale price.

(B) In connection with the purchase of a residence at the new official station, reimbursement under this subsection shall not exceed 5 percent of the purchase price.

(8) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government expenses of property management services, instead of expenses under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection for sale of the employee's residence, when the agency determines that such transfer is advantageous and cost-effective for the Government.

(e) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay to or on behalf of an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government, the expenses of property management services when the employee transfers to a post of duty outside the United States. Such payment shall terminate upon return of the employee to an official station within the United States.

(f)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 and subject to paragraph (2), an employee who is reimbursed under subsections (a) through (e) of this section or section 5724(a) of this title is entitled to an amount for miscellaneous expenses—

(A) not to exceed two weeks' basic pay, if such employee has an immediate family; or

(B) not to exceed one week's basic pay, if such employee does not have an immediate family.

(2) Amounts paid under paragraph (1) may not exceed amounts determined at the maximum rate payable for a position at GS–13 of the General Schedule.

(g) A former employee separated by reason of reduction in force or transfer of function who within one year after the separation is reemployed by a nontemporary appointment at a different geographical location from that where the separation occurred, may be allowed and paid the expenses authorized by sections 5724, 5725, 5726(b), and 5727 of this title, and may receive the benefits authorized by subsections (a) through (f) of this section, in the same manner as though the employee had been transferred in the interest of the Government without a break in service to the location of reemployment from the location where separated.

(h) Payments for subsistence expenses, including amounts in lieu of per diem or actual subsistence expenses or a combination thereof, authorized under this section may not exceed the maximum payment allowed under regulations which implement section 5702 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(37)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 204; amended Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1231(d), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 470; Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(5), (6), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 977, 978; Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §105, Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §628(a)(1)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–430; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1661; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §§1711–1713(a), 1714, 1718, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2753–2755, 2757; Pub. L. 105–85, div. C, title XXXV, §3550(c)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 2074; Pub. L. 105–264, §§6(5), 7, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356, 2357.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5724a(a) | 5 App.: 73b–4a. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 23", 80 Stat. 323. |

5724a(b) | 5 App.: 73b–4b. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 24", 80 Stat. 324. |

5724a(c) | 5 App.: 73b–4e. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 27", 80 Stat. 325. |


In subsection (a), the word "agency" is substituted for "department" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5721(1). The word "employee" is substituted for "officers or employees" and "officer or employee" to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 5721(2) and 2105. The words "section 5724(a) of this title" and "section 5702 of this title" are substituted for "subsection (a) of section 1 of this Act" and "section 3 of the Travel Expense Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 166, as amended; 5 U.S.C. 836)" to reflect the codification of the cited acts in 5 U.S.C. In subsection (a)(2), the words "within the continental United States" are coextensive with and substituted for "within the continental United States, excluding Alaska" on authority of the definition of "continental United States" in 5 U.S.C. 5721(3).

In subsection (b), the words "this subchapter" and "subsection (a) of this section or section 5724(a) of this title" are substituted for "this Act" and "section 1(a) or section 23 of this Act", respectively, to reflect the codification of the act in 5 U.S.C. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The words "in the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (c), the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". The words "sections 5724, 5725, 5726(b), and 5727 of this title" and "subsections (a) and (b) of this section" are substituted for "section 1 of this Act" and "sections 23 and 24 of this Act", respectively, to reflect the codification of the act in title 5, United States Code.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(1), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency shall pay" for "An agency shall pay".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(2), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay" for "An agency may pay" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(3), amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "an amount for subsistence expenses."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(2), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay" for "An agency may pay" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(4), substituted "an amount for subsistence expenses, that may not exceed a maximum amount determined by the Administrator of General Services," for "an amount for subsistence expenses".

Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(1), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency shall pay" for "An agency shall pay".

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(5), substituted "of the sale" for "for the sale".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(6), substituted "of the purchase" for "for the purchase".

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(2), (7), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay" for "An agency may pay" and "paragraph (1) or (2)" for "paragraph (2) or (3)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(2), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738, an agency may pay" for "An agency may pay".

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(8), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 and subject to paragraph (2)," for "Subject to paragraph (2)," in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–264, §7(9), struck out subsec. (i) which read as follows: "Subsections (a), (b), and (c) shall be implemented under regulations issued under section 5738 of this title."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–264, §6(5), struck out subsec. (j) which read as follows: "For purposes of subsections (c), (d), and (e), the term 'United States' includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the territories and possessions of the United States, and the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama that are made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3602(a)))."

**1997**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–85, which directed the amendment of subsec. (j) by inserting "and" after "Northern Mariana Islands," and by substituting "United States." for "United States, and the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama that are made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3602(a))).", effective Jan. 1, 1999, could not be executed because subsec. (j) did not appear subsequent to amendment by Pub. L. 105–264. See 1998 Amendment note above.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–201, §1711, amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) and (b) for former subsecs. (a) to (c) which made funds available to pay certain expenses of employees for whom Government pays travel and transportation expenses under section 5724(a) of this title, provided for entitlement to certain amounts of basic pay to such employees, and provided for payment of expenses of certain former employees.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §1712, added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201, §1713(a), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (d)(8). Pub. L. 104–201, §1714(1), added par. (8).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–201, §1714(2), added subsec. (e).

Subsecs. (f) to (j). Pub. L. 104–201, §1718, added subsecs. (f) to (j).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–510 struck out "continental" before "United States" in second sentence.

**1987**—Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–202 inserted provisions authorizing reimbursement of expenses of selling residence of employee at official station from which employee was transferred when assigned to duty outside United States, its territories or possessions, Puerto Rico, or parts of Panama, provisions authorizing reimbursement of expenses of purchasing residence at new official station in United States, its territories or possessions, Puerto Rico, or parts of Panama, and provisions disallowing reimbursement of expenses in connection with transfers from a post of duty located outside the United States, its territories or possessions, Puerto Rico, or parts of Panama, for any transaction that occurs prior to official notification that employee's return to the United States would be to official station other than official station from which employee was transferred.

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–234, §105(1), (2), substituted "allowance or" for "allowance instead of" and "maximum payment permitted under regulations which implement section 5702 of this title" for "maximum per diem rates prescribed by or under section 5702 of this title".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–234, §105(1), (2), substituted "allowance or" for "allowance instead of" and "maximum payment permitted under regulations which implement section 5702 of this title" for "maximum per diem rates prescribed by or under section 5702 of this title".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–234, §105(2), (3), substituted "maximum payment permitted under regulations which implement section 5702 of this title" for "maximum per diem rates prescribed by or under section 5702 of this title" and "daily rates and amounts" for "average daily rates".

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(5)(A), in first sentence substituted "60 days" for "30 days".

Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(5)(B), substituted provisions authorizing extension for an additional 60 days if agency head or designee determines existence of compelling reasons for continued occupancy, for provisions authorizing extension for an additional 30 days if the employee moves to or from Alaska, Hawaii, the territories or possessions, etc., and struck out provisions relating to additional limitations on daily rates for reimbursement for subsistence expenses.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(6), redesignated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted in pars. (3) and (4) "areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979)" for "Canal Zone" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–85 effective Jan. 1, 1999, see section 3550(c)(3) of Pub. L. 105–85, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §628(a)(2)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–431, provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (2) [probably means par. (1) which amended this section] shall be applicable with respect to any employee transferred to or from a post of duty on or after 60 days after the date of enactment of this section [Dec. 22, 1987]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–234 effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as a note under section 5701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–151 and promulgation of regulations for amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 effective Nov. 14, 1983, see section 118(c) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(b) [title I, §125], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–50, 2681–74, provided that: "Effective with the enactment of this Act [Oct. 21, 1998], and in any fiscal year hereafter, the Attorney General and the Secretary of the Treasury may, for their respective agencies, extend the payment of relocation expenses listed in section 5724a(b)(1) of Title 5 of the United States Code to include the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the territories and possessions of the United States."

Amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 to be carried out be agencies by use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for administrative expenses of such agencies, and do not authorize appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies, see section 118(b) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title and to the extent considered necessary and appropriate, as provided therein, appropriations or other funds available to an agency for administrative expenses are available for the reimbursement of substantially all of the Federal, State, and local income taxes incurred by an individual, or by an individual and such individual's spouse (if filing jointly), for any travel, transportation, or relocation expenses furnished in kind, or for which reimbursement or an allowance is provided (but only to the extent of the expenses paid or incurred). Reimbursements under this subsection shall also include an amount equal to all income taxes for which the individual, or the individual and spouse, as the case may be, would be liable due to the reimbursement for the taxes referred to in the first sentence of this subsection.

(b) For purposes of this section, the term "travel, transportation, or relocation expenses" means all travel, transportation, and relocation expenses reimbursed or furnished in kind pursuant to this subchapter or chapter 41.

(Added Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(7)(A)(i), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 978; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §120(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1114(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1604; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3900.)

**2021**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted "and relocation expenses reimbursed" for "or relocation expenses reimbursed" and "or chapter 41" for "of chapter 41".

**2019**—Pub. L. 116–92, §1114(a)(1), struck out "of employees transferred" after "relocation expenses" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–92, §1114(a)(2), substituted "individual, or by an individual and such individual's spouse (if filing jointly), for any travel, transportation, or relocation" for "employee, or by an employee and such employee's spouse (if filing jointly), for any moving or storage" and "individual, or the individual" for "employee".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–92, §1114(a)(3), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "For the purposes of this section, 'moving or storage expenses' means travel and transportation expenses (including storage of household goods and personal effects under section 5724 of this title) and other relocation expenses under sections 5724a and 5724c of this title."

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–473 amended section generally, substituting "reimbursement of substantially all of the Federal, State, and local income taxes" for "reimbursement of all or part of the Federal, State, and city income taxes" and "for which the employee and spouse, as the case may be" for "for which the employee, or the employee and spouse, as the case may be" in subsec. (a) and "5724c" for "5726(c)" in subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1121(b), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3900, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of section 1114 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92)."

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1114(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1604, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 2018."

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Enactment by Pub. L. 98–151 and promulgation of regulations for amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 effective Nov. 14, 1983, see section 118(c) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as an Effective Date of 1983 Amendment; Promulgation of Regulations note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 to be carried out by agencies by use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for administrative expenses of such agencies, and do not authorize appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies, see section 118(b) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, each agency may enter into contracts to provide relocation services to agencies and employees for the purpose of carrying out this subchapter. An agency may pay a fee for such services. Such services include arranging for the purchase of a transferred employee's residence.

(Added Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(7)(A)(i), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 978; amended Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §120(b), Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1969; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1713(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2754.)

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–201 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, each agency is authorized to enter into contracts to provide relocation services to agencies and employees for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. Such services include but need not be limited to arranging for the purchase of a transferred employee's residence."

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–473 amended section generally, adding authority of the President to prescribe regulations.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Enactment by Pub. L. 98–151 and promulgation of regulations for amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 effective Nov. 14, 1983, see section 118(c) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as an Effective Date of 1983 Amendment; Promulgation of Regulations note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 to be carried out by agencies by use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for administrative expenses of such agencies, and do not authorize appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies, see section 118(b) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

(a)

(1) any qualified expense of the immediate family of the covered employee attributable to a change in their place of residence, if the place where the immediate family will reside following the death of the employee is—

(A) different from the place where the immediate family resided at the time of the employee's death; and

(B) within the United States; and

(2) any expense of preparing and transporting the remains of the deceased to—

(A) the place where the immediate family will reside following the death of the employee; or

(B) such other place appropriate for interment as is determined by the agency head (or designee).

(b)

(c)

(1) the term "covered employee" means—

(A) a law enforcement officer, as defined in section 5541;

(B) any employee in or under the Federal Bureau of Investigation who is not described in subparagraph (A);

(C) a customs and border protection officer, as defined in section 8331(31); and

(D) any nuclear materials courier, as defined in section 8331(27); and

(2) the term "qualified expense", as used with respect to an immediate family changing its place of residence, means the transportation expenses of the immediate family, the expenses of moving (including transporting, packing, crating, temporarily storing, draying, and unpacking) the household goods and personal effects of such immediate family, not in excess of 18,000 pounds net weight, and, when authorized or approved by the agency head (or designee), the transportation of 1 privately owned motor vehicle.

(Added Pub. L. 111–178, §2(a), June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1262; amended Pub. L. 116–283, div. C, title XXXI, §3144, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4387.)

Subsec. (c)(1)(D). Pub. L. 116–283 added subpar. (D).

Pub. L. 111–178, §2(b), June 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 1263, provided that: "No determination made under section 5724d of title 5, United States Code, shall be deemed relevant to or be considered in connection with any claim for compensation under chapter 81 of that title or under any other law under which compensation may be provided on account of death or personal injury, nor shall any determination made with respect to any such claim be deemed relevant to or be considered in connection with any request for payment of expenses under such section 5724d."

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 12, 2011, 76 F.R. 57621, provided:

Memorandum for the Administrator of General Services

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to you the function conferred upon the President by section 2(a) of the Special Agent Samuel Hicks Families of Fallen Heroes Act (Public Law 111–178) to prescribe the applicable regulations.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

(a) When an employee of the Government is on duty, or is transferred or assigned to duty, at a place designated by the head of the agency concerned as inside a zone—

(1) from which his immediate family should be evacuated; or

(2) to which they are not permitted to accompany him;

because of military or other reasons which create imminent danger to life or property, or adverse living conditions which seriously affect the health, safety, or accommodations of the immediate family, Government funds may be used to transport his immediate family and household goods, personal effects, and family household pets, under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency, to a location designated by the employee. When circumstances prevent the employee from designating a location, or it is administratively impracticable to determine his intent, the immediate family may designate the location. When the designated location is inside a zone to which movement of families is prohibited under this subsection, the employee or his immediate family may designate an alternate location.

(b) When the employee is assigned to a duty station from which his immediate family is not excluded by the restrictions in subsection (a) of this section, Government funds may be used to transport his immediate family and household goods and personal effects from the designated or alternate location to the duty station.

(c)(1) The expenses authorized under subsection (a) shall, with respect to the transport of family household pets, include the expenses for the shipment of and the payment of any quarantine costs for such pets.

(2) Any payment or reimbursement under this section in connection with the transport of family household pets shall be subject to terms and conditions which—

(A) the head of the agency shall by regulation prescribe; and

(B) shall, to the extent practicable, be the same as would apply under regulations prescribed under subsections (c) and (d) of section 453 of title 37 in connection with the transport of family household pets of members of the uniformed services, including regulations relating to the types, size, and number of pets for which such payment or reimbursement may be provided.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(6), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XI, §1106, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1973; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §626(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2628.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–1(d). | Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §1(c), 64 Stat. 985. |


The word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officers and employees" in view of the definition of "employee" in sections 5721 and 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2022**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 117–263 substituted "subsections (c) and (d) of section 453" for "section 476(b)(1)(H)(iii)".

**2013**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 112–239, §1106(1), substituted ", personal effects, and family household pets," for "and personal effects," in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 112–239, §1106(2), added subsec. (c).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "Government" for "United States" in introductory provisions.

(a) For the purpose of subsection (b) of this section, "household goods and personal effects" means such personal property of an employee and his dependents as authorized under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title to be transported or stored, including, in emergencies, motor vehicles authorized to be shipped at Government expense.

(b) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an employee, including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by sections 5722 and 5723 of this title, assigned to a permanent duty station outside the continental United States may be allowed storage expenses and related transportation and other expenses for his household goods and personal effects when—

(1) the duty station is one to which he cannot take or at which he is unable to use his household goods and personal effects; or

(2) the head of the agency concerned authorizes storage of the household goods and personal effects in the public interest or for reasons of economy.

The weight of the household goods and personal effects stored under this subsection, together with the weight of property transported under section 5724(a), may not exceed 18,000 pounds net weight, excluding a motor vehicle described by subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, when an employee, including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by section 5723 of this title, is assigned to a permanent duty station at an isolated location in the continental United States to which he cannot take or at which he is unable to use his household goods and personal effects because of the absence of residence quarters at the location, nontemporary storage expenses or storage at Government expense in Government-owned facilities (including related transportation and other expenses), whichever is more economical, may be allowed the employee under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned. The weight of property stored under this subsection, together with the weight of property transported under sections 5723(a) and 5724(a) of this title, may not exceed the total maximum weight the employee would be entitled to have moved. The period of nontemporary storage under this subsection may not exceed 3 years.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(38), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 205; Pub. L. 98–151, §118(a)(2), Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(b)(1), (3), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–1(e). | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §301(c)(2), (d) (as applicable to the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended), 74 Stat. 796. |


The word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officer or employee" in view of the definition of "employee" in sections 5721 and 2105.

In subsection (b), the words "including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by sections 5722 and 5723 of this title" are substituted for "including any new appointee in accordance with section 73b–3 of this title" for clarity and reflect the codification of former section 73b–3 in this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5726(c) | 5 App.: 73b–4c. | July 21, 1966, Pub. L. 89–516, §2 "Sec. 25", 80 Stat. 324. |


The amendment of subsection (a) of 5 U.S.C. 5726 reflects the addition of a new subsection (c).

Subsection (b) of 5 U.S.C. 5726 was derived from subsection (e) of section 1 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946, as amended (74 Stat. 796). In the codification of subsection (e), the words "7,000 pounds net weight" were substituted for "the maximum weight limitation provided by subsection (a)". During the pendency of the codification bill, section 1(a)(2) of Public Law 89–516, amended subsection (a) of section 1 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 to increase the maximum weight limitation from 7,000 to 11,000 pounds. Thus, the amendment of subsection (b) is necessary to reflect the current weight limitation applicable.

In subsection (c), the word "employee" is substituted for "civilian officer or employee" to conform to the definitions in 5 U.S.C. 5721(2) and 2105. The words "including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by section 5723 of this title" are substituted for "including any new appointee in accordance with section 7(b) of this Act, as amended" for clarity and to reflect the codification of section 7(b) in 5 U.S.C. 5723. The words "continental United States" are coextensive with and substituted for "continental United States, excluding Alaska" on authority of the definition of "continental United States" in 5 U.S.C. 5721(3). The words "head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "head of the Executive Department or agency concerned" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 5721(1). In the penultimate sentence, the words "sections 5723(a) and 5724(a) of this title" are substituted for "section 1 or 7(b) of this Act" to reflect the codification of sections 1 and 7(b) in 5 U.S.C. 5723(a) and 5724(a); and the word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee". In the last sentence, the words "under this subsection" are inserted for clarity.

Subsection (b) of section 25 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (added by section 2 of Public Law 89–516) is omitted as executed.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(3), substituted "as authorized under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "as the President may by regulation authorize".

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–151 substituted "18,000" for "11,000".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–151 and promulgation of regulations for amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 effective Nov. 14, 1983, see section 118(c) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

Amendments by Pub. L. 98–151 to be carried out by agencies by use of funds appropriated or otherwise available for administrative expenses of such agencies, and do not authorize appropriation of funds in amounts exceeding sums already authorized to be appropriated for such agencies, see section 118(b) of Pub. L. 98–151, set out as a note under section 5724 of this title.

(a) Except as specifically authorized by statute, an authorization in a statute or regulation to transport the effects of an employee or other individual at Government expense is not an authorization to transport an automobile.

(b) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, the privately owned motor vehicle of an employee, including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by sections 5722 and 5723 of this title, may be transported at Government expense to, from, and between the continental United States and a post of duty outside the continental United States, or between posts of duty outside the continental United States, when—

(1) the employee is assigned to the post of duty for other than temporary duty; and

(2) the head of the agency concerned determines that it is in the interest of the Government for the employee to have the use of a motor vehicle at the post of duty.

(c) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, the privately owned motor vehicle or vehicles of an employee, including a new appointee or a student trainee for whom travel and transportation expenses are authorized under section 5723 of this title, may be transported at Government expense to a new official station of the employee when the agency determines that such transport is advantageous and cost-effective to the Government.

(d) An employee may transport only one motor vehicle under subsection (b) of this section during a 4-year period, except when the head of the agency concerned determines that replacement of the motor vehicle during the period is necessary for reasons beyond the control of the employee and is in the interest of the Government, and authorizes in advance the transportation under subsection (b) of this section of one additional privately owned motor vehicle as a replacement. When an employee has remained in continuous service outside the continental United States during the 4-year period after the date of transportation under subsection (b) of this section of his motor vehicle, the head of the agency concerned may authorize transportation under subsection (b) of this section of a replacement for that motor vehicle.

(e) When the head of an agency authorizes transportation under subsection (b) or (c) of this section of a privately owned motor vehicle, the transportation may be by—

(1) commercial means, if available at reasonable rates and under reasonable conditions; or

(2) Government means on a space-available basis.

(f)(1) This section, except subsection (a), does not apply to—

(A) the Foreign Service of the United States; or

(B) the Central Intelligence Agency.

(2) This section, except subsection (a), does not affect section 403e(4) of title 50.1

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 504; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(e), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §§1715(a), 1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2755, 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(7), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 73c. | June 30, 1932, ch. 314, §209, 47 Stat. 405. Apr. 30, 1940, ch. 172, 54 Stat. 174. |

Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 957, §1131(64), 60 Stat. Stat. 1040. | ||

(b)–(e) | 5 U.S.C. 73b–1(f). | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §321, 74 Stat. 797. Feb. 5, 1964, Pub. L. 88–266, 78 Stat. 8. |


In subsection (a), the proviso in former section 73c is omitted as superseded by section 2634 of title 10, and by former section 73b–1(f), which is carried into subsections (b)–(e).

In subsection (b), the words "including a new appointee and a student trainee to the extent authorized by sections 5722 and 5723 of this title" are substituted for "including any new appointee, in accordance with section 73b–3 of this title" for clarity and reflect the codification of former section 73b–3 in this title. The words "at Government expense" are inserted for clarity.

The last sentence of subsection (f) of former section 73b–1 which provided that for the purposes of that subsection and subsection (e), which is carried into section 5726, Alaska shall be considered to be outside the continental limits of the United States is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "continental United States" in section 5721(4).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 403e of title 50, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), was editorially reclassified to section 3505 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

**1998**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "continental United States" for "United States".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(a)(2), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(a)(3), inserted "or (c)" after "subsection (b)".

Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201, §1715(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

**1980**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "section 403e(4) of title 50" for "(A) section 1138 of title 22; or" and struck out "(B) section 403e(4) of title 50".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency shall pay from its appropriations the expenses of round-trip travel of an employee, and the transportation of his immediate family, but not household goods, from his post of duty outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii to the place of his actual residence at the time of appointment or transfer to the post of duty, after he has satisfactorily completed an agreed period of service outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii and is returning to his actual place of residence to take leave before serving another tour of duty at the same or another post of duty outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii under a new written agreement made before departing from the post of duty.

(b) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency shall pay from its appropriations the expenses of round-trip travel of an employee of the Government appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term fixed by statute, and of transportation of his immediate family, but not household goods, from his post of duty outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii to the place of his actual residence at the time of appointment to the post of duty, after he has satisfactorily completed each 2 years of service outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii and is returning to his actual place of residence to take leave before serving at least 2 more years of duty outside the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii.

(c)(1) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency may pay, subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, the expenses described in paragraph (2) of this subsection in any case in which the head of the agency determines that the payment of such expenses is necessary for the purpose of recruiting or retaining an employee for service of a tour of duty at a post of duty in Alaska or Hawaii.

(2) The expenses payable under paragraph (1) of this subsection are the expenses of round-trip travel of an employee, and the transportation of his immediate family, but not household goods, from his post of duty in Alaska or Hawaii to the place of his actual residence at the time of appointment or transfer to the post of duty, incurred after he has satisfactorily completed an agreed period of service in Alaska or Hawaii and in returning to his actual place of residence to take leave before serving another tour of duty at the same or another post of duty in Alaska or Hawaii under a new written agreement made before departing from the post of duty.

(3) The payment of expenses of any employee and the transportation of his family under paragraph (1) of this subsection is limited to the expenses of travel and transportation incurred for not more than two round trips commenced within 5 years after the date the employee first commences any period of consecutive tours of duty in Alaska or Hawaii.

(d) This section does not apply to appropriations for the Foreign Service of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §351(a), (b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 800; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(8), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 73b–3(a) (3d proviso). | Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1155 (1st proviso), 68 Stat. 1008. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 73b–3(a) (4th proviso). | Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–858, 72 Stat. 1274. |


The first 14 words of subsections (a) and (b), and subsection (c), are added on authority of former section 73b–3(a) (less 3d–6th provisos), which is carried into section 5722.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "an employee of the Government" for "an employee of the United States".

**1996**—Subsecs. (a) to (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §1723(b)(1), substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

**1982**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 97–253, §351(a), inserted ", Alaska, and Hawaii" after "continental United States" wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 97–253, §351(b), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §351(c), (d), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 800, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(m), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, provided that:

"(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to expenses incurred after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982] for round-trip travel (commenced after such date) of an employee or transportation of his immediate family from his post of duty to the place of his actual residence at the time of appointment or transfer to the post of duty.

"(2) The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not apply to any employee who is serving a tour of duty at a post of duty in Alaska or Hawaii on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982] during—

"(A) such tour of duty, and

"(B) any other consecutive tour of duty following such tour of duty.

"(d) For the purposes of subsection (c), the term 'employee' shall have the same meaning as provided in section 5721(2) of title 5, United States Code."

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency shall pay from its appropriations, not more than once before the return to the United States of an employee whose post of duty is outside the continental United States, the expenses of transporting his immediate family and of shipping his household goods and personal effects from his post of duty to his actual place of residence when—

(1) he has acquired eligibility for that transportation; or

(2) the public interest requires the return of the immediate family for compelling personal reasons of a humanitarian or compassionate nature, such as may involve physical or mental health, death of a member of the immediate family, or obligation imposed by authority or circumstances over which the individual has no control.

(b) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency shall reimburse from its appropriations an employee whose post of duty is outside the continental United States for the proper transportation expenses of returning his immediate family and his household goods and personal effects to the United States, when—

(1) their return was made at the expense of the employee before his return and for other than reasons of public interest; and

(2) he acquires eligibility for those transportation expenses.

(c) This section does not apply to appropriations for the Foreign Service of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 505; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(9), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–3(a) (5th and 6th provisos). | Aug. 31, 1954, ch. 1155 (less 1st proviso), 68 Stat. 1008. |


The first 14 words of subsections (a) and (b), and subsection (c), are added on authority of former section 73b–3(a) (less 3d–6th provisos), which is carried into section 5722. The words "household effects" and "household goods" in the 5th and 6th provisos of former section 73b–3(a) are changed to "household goods and personal effects" for clarity and consistency in the use of the words elsewhere in this subchapter.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 105–264 struck out "or its territories or possessions" after "to the United States".

**1996**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Funds available for travel expenses of an employee are available for expenses of transportation of his immediate family, and funds available for transportation of things are available for transportation of household goods and personal effects, as authorized by this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 506.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–1(c). | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §1(c). 60 Stat. 807. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The allowance for actual expenses for transportation may not exceed the lowest first-class rate by the transportation facility used unless it is certified, in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, that—

(1) lowest first-class accommodations are not available; or

(2) use of a compartment or other accommodation authorized or approved by the head of the agency concerned or his designee is required for security purposes.

(b) Instead of the maximum fixed by subsection (a) of this section, the allowance to an employee of the Government for actual expenses for transportation on an inter-island steamship in Hawaii may not exceed the rate for accommodations on the steamship that is equivalent as nearly as possible to the rate for the lowest first-class accommodations on trans-pacific steamships.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1723(b)(4), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2759; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(10), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 73b. | Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 212, §10, 47 Stat. 1516. |

Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §6, 60 Stat. 808. | ||

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 73e. | May 28, 1938, ch. 289, §811, 52 Stat. 577. |


In subsection (a), the words "by or under authority of law" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "by or under authority of law" are omitted as surplusage. The words "after the date of the enactment of this Act" are omitted as obsolete.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "Government" for "United States".

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "in accordance with regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title" for "in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 5722 of this title.

Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, appropriations chargeable for the transportation of baggage and household goods and personal effects of employees of the Government, volunteers as defined by section 8142(a) of this title, and members of the uniformed services are available for the payment or reimbursement of general average contributions required. Appropriations are not available for the payment or reimbursement of general average contributions—

(1) required in connection with and applicable to quantities of baggage and household goods and personal effects in excess of quantities authorized by statute or regulation to be transported;

(2) when the individual concerned is allowed under statute or regulation a commutation instead of actual transportation expenses; or

(3) when the individual concerned selected the means of shipment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 506; Pub. L. 105–264, §6(11), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2356.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 73b–5. | June 4, 1954, ch. 264, §4, 68 Stat. 176. | |

22 U.S.C. 2504(h) (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 73b–5). | Dec. 13, 1963, Pub. L. 88–200, §2(e) (as applicable to the Act of June 4, 1954, ch. 264, §4 (5 U.S.C. 73b–5)), 77 Stat. 360. |


The word "personal" is added before the word "effects" for clarity and to preserve consistency throughout this subchapter. The words "employees of the United States . . . and members of the uniformed services" are substituted for "military personnel and civilian employees of departments and agencies of the Federal Government". The words "a volunteer as defined by section 8142(a) of this title" are based on sections 2504(a), 2505, and 2507 (a) of title 22. The words "pursuant to law" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–264 substituted "Government" for "United States" in introductory provisions.

Ex. Ord. No. 10614, May 25, 1955, 20 F.R. 3699, provided:

*Definitions*. As used in these regulations:

(a) The term "military personnel" means members and former and deceased members of the uniformed services as defined in section 102 of the Career Compensation Act of 1949 (63 Stat. 804) [37 U.S.C. 101].

(b) The term "civilian employees" means civilian officers and employees of a department, including Foreign Service personnel, and former and deceased civilian officers and employees.

(c) The terms "military personnel" and "civilian employees" shall also include those individuals enumerated under the term "person" as defined in section 1 of the Missing Persons Act, as amended [now section 5561 of this title].

(d) The term "department" means an executive department, independent establishment, or other agency of the Federal Government, including wholly-owned or controlled Government corporations.

(e) The term "general-average contribution" means the contribution by all parties to a sea venture (1) to make good the loss sustained by any one of their number on account of voluntary sacrifices made of part of the ship or cargo to save the residue or the lives of those on board from impending peril, or (2) for extraordinary expenses necessarily incurred for the common benefit and safety of all.

(f) The term "household goods" means such baggage, household goods, and effects, including privately-owned automobiles and professional books, papers, and equipment, of military personnel and civilian employees as are authorized to be transported at Government expense by law or regulations pursuant to law.

*Allowance of general-average contributions*. Whenever military personnel or civilian employees of a department are liable for general-average contributions arising out of shipments of household goods (as defined in section 1 (f) hereof), authorized or approved under law or regulations pursuant to law, disbursements shall be made, under rules and regulations prescribed by the head of the department concerned, from appropriations chargeable for the transportation of baggage and household goods and effects (a) for the payment of the general-average contributions for which such military personnel or civilian employees are liable, or (b) for the reimbursement of such military personnel or civilian employees in the amounts of their general-average liability paid by them and for which receipts are furnished, subject to the limitations set forth in section 3 hereof.

*Limitations*. The provisions of section 2 hereof shall not apply:

(a) In case the shipment of household goods is made under law or regulation pursuant to law which provides for reimbursement to the military person or civilian employee concerned on a commuted basis in lieu of payment by the Government of the actual costs of the shipment; or

(b) In case the military person or civilian employee concerned has himself selected the means of shipment; or

(c) To quantities of household goods (excluding automobiles) shipped in excess of quantities authorized to be transported by law or regulation pursuant to law. In any case of such excess shipment, the liability of the Government for the employee's general-average contribution shall not exceed the proportion that the applicable limitation, by weight or volume, bears to the total quantity, by weight or volume, of the household goods shipped.

*Effective date*. This order shall be effective in any case in which the loss involved occurs, or has occurred, on or after June 4, 1954.

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

The travel of an employee shall be by the most expeditious means of transportation practicable and shall be commensurate with the nature and purpose of the duties of the employee requiring such travel.

(Added Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §222(c)(1), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 641.)

Section effective thirty days after Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date of 1967 Amendment note under section 5542 of this title.

Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, officers and employees of the United States Postal Service promoted or transferred under section 1006 of title 39, United States Code, from the Postal Service to an agency (as defined in section 5721 of this title), for permanent duty may be authorized travel, transportation, and relocation expenses and allowances under the same conditions and to the same extent authorized by this subchapter for other transferred employees within the meaning of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 99–234, title I, §106(a), Jan. 2, 1986, 99 Stat. 1758.)

Section effective (1) on effective date of regulations to be promulgated not later than 150 days after Jan. 2, 1986, or (2) 180 days after Jan. 2, 1986, whichever occurs first, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–234, set out as an Effective Date of 1986 Amendment note under section 5701 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1) is scheduled for separation from the Department, other than for cause;

(2) is selected for appointment to a continuing position with the United States Postal Service; and

(3) accepts the appointment.

(Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §345(a)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2723.)

Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §345(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2724, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply to persons separated from employment with the Department of Defense on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994]."

An employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) of this title who moves, without a break in service of more than 3 days, to a position in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, may be authorized travel, transportation, and relocation expenses and allowances under the same conditions and to the same extent authorized by this subchapter for transferred employees.

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1605(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2736.)

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1605(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2736, provided that: "Section 5736 of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)(1)), shall apply to moves between positions as described in such section that are effective on or after October 1, 1996."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under section 5738 of this title, an agency may pay to or on behalf of an employee assigned from the employee's official station to a duty station for a period of not less than six months and not greater than 30 months, the following expenses in lieu of payment of expenses authorized under subchapter I of this chapter:

(1) Travel expenses to and from the assignment location in accordance with section 5724 of this title.

(2) Transportation expenses of the immediate family and household goods and personal effects to and from the assignment location in accordance with section 5724 of this title.

(3) A per diem allowance for en route travel of the employee's immediate family to and from the assignment location in accordance with section 5724a(a) of this title.

(4) Travel and transportation expenses of the employee and spouse to seek new residence quarters at the assignment location in accordance with section 5724a(b) of this title.

(5) Subsistence expenses of the employee and the employee's immediate family while occupying temporary quarters upon commencement and termination of the assignment in accordance with section 5724a(c) of this title.

(6) An amount, in accordance with section 5724a(f), to be used by the employee for miscellaneous expenses of this title.1

(7) The expenses of transporting a privately owned motor vehicle or vehicles to the assignment location in accordance with section 5727 of this title.

(8) An allowance as authorized under section 5724b of this title for Federal, State, and local income taxes incurred on reimbursement of expenses paid under this section or on services provided in kind under this section.

(9) Expenses of nontemporary storage of household goods and personal effects as defined in section 5726(a) of this title, subject to the limitation that the weight of the household goods and personal effects stored, together with the weight of property transported under section 5724(a) of this title, may not exceed the total maximum weight which could be transported in accordance with section 5724(a) of this title.

(10) Expenses of property management services.

(b) An agency shall not make payment under this section to or on behalf of the employee for expenses incurred after termination of the temporary assignment.

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1716, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2756.)

Section effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 5722 of this title.

(a)

(1) the term "covered employee" means an individual who—

(A) is an employee of an Executive agency or a military department, excluding a Government controlled corporation; and

(B) is assigned on a temporary change of station in support of a contingency operation;

(2) the term "temporary change of station", as used with respect to an employee, means an assignment—

(A) from the employee's official duty station to a temporary duty station; and

(B) for which such employee is eligible for expenses under section 5737; and

(3) the term "contingency operation" has the meaning given such term by section 1482a(c) of title 10.

(b)

(c)

(1) with respect to storage during the period of the employee's temporary assignment (as described in subsection (a)(1)(B)); and

(2) in the case of a covered employee, with respect to not more than one motor vehicle as of any given time.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1104(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 346.)

(a)(1) Except as specifically provided in this subchapter, the Administrator of General Services shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter.

(2) The Administrator of General Services shall include in the regulations authority for the head of an agency or his designee to waive any limitation of this subchapter or in any implementing regulation for any employee relocating to or from a remote or isolated location who would suffer hardship if the limitation were not waived. A waiver of a limitation under authority provided in the regulations pursuant to this paragraph shall be effective notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter.

(b) In prescribing regulations for the implementation of section 5724b of this title, the Administrator of General Services shall consult with the Secretary of the Treasury.

(c) The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations necessary for the implementation of section 5735 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1722, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2758.)

Section effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 5722 of this title.

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, under a test program which the Administrator of General Services determines to be in the interest of the Government and approves, an agency may pay through the proper disbursing official any necessary relocation expenses in lieu of any payment otherwise authorized or required under this subchapter. An agency shall include in any request to the Administrator for approval of such a test program an analysis of the expected costs and benefits and a set of criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

(2) Any test program conducted under this section shall be designed to enhance cost savings or other efficiencies that accrue to the Government.

(b) The Administrator shall transmit a copy of any test program approved or extended by the Administrator under this section to the appropriate committees of the Congress at least 30 days before the effective date of the program or extension.

(c)(1) An agency authorized to conduct a test program under subsection (a) shall annually submit a report on the results of the program to date to the Administrator.

(2) Not later than 3 months after completion of a test program, the agency conducting the program shall submit a final report on the results of the program to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of Congress.

(d) No more than 12 test programs under this section may be conducted simultaneously.

(e)(1) The Administrator may not approve any test program for an initial period of more than 4 years.

(2)(A) Upon the request of the agency administering a test program, the Administrator may extend the program.

(B) An extension under subparagraph (A) may not exceed 4 years.

(C) The Administrator may exercise more than 1 extension under subparagraph (A) with respect to any test program.

(Added Pub. L. 105–264, §5(b), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2355; amended Pub. L. 109–325, §1(a), Oct. 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a), Nov. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 3024.)

**2009**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a)(1), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "Nothing in this section is intended to limit the authority of any agency to conduct test programs."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a)(2), inserted "or extended" after "approved" and "or extension" after "of the program".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a)(3), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "An agency authorized to conduct a test program under subsection (a) shall provide to the Administrator and the appropriate committees of the Congress a report on the results of the program no later than 3 months after completion of the program."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a)(4), substituted "12" for "10".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–112, §1(a)(5), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: "The authority to conduct test programs under this section shall expire 11 years after the date of the enactment of the Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998."

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–325, §1(a)(1), struck out "for a period not to exceed 24 months" after "disbursing official".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–325, §1(a)(2), substituted "11 years" for "7 years".

Pub. L. 111–112, §1(b), Nov. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 3025, provided that: "This section [amending this section] shall take effect on December 18, 2009."

Pub. L. 109–325, §1(b), Oct. 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 1760, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect as though enacted as part of the Travel and Transportation Reform Act of 1998 (Public Law 105–264; 112 Stat. 2350)."

Except as specifically authorized by statute, the head of an Executive department or military department may not authorize an expenditure in connection with the transportation of remains of a deceased employee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 506.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 103. | June 7, 1897, ch. 3, §1 (last proviso on p. 86), 30 Stat. 86. |


The words "a military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" means—

(1) an Executive agency;

(2) a military department;

(3) an agency in the legislative branch; and

(4) an agency in the judicial branch.

(b) When an employee dies, the head of the agency concerned, under regulations prescribed by the President and, except as otherwise provided by law, may pay from appropriations available for the activity in which the employee was engaged—

(1) the expense of preparing and transporting the remains to the home or official station of the employee, or such other place appropriate for interment as is determined by the head of the agency concerned, if death occurred while the employee was in a travel status away from his official station in the United States or while performing official duties outside the continental United States or in transit thereto or therefrom;

(2) the expense of transporting his dependents, including expenses of packing, crating, draying, and transporting household effects and other personal property to his former home or such other place as is determined by the head of the agency concerned, if—

(A) the employee died while performing official duties outside the continental United States or in transit thereto or therefrom; or

(B) in the case of an employee who was a party to a mandatory mobility agreement that was in effect when the employee died—

(i) the employee died in the circumstances described in subparagraph (A); or

(ii)(I) the employee died as a result of disease or injury incurred while performing official duties—

(aa) in an overseas location that, at the time such employee was performing such official duties, was within the area of responsibility of the Commander of the United States Central Command; and

(bb) in direct support of or directly related to a military operation, including a contingency operation (as defined in section 101(13) 1 of title 10) or an operation in response to an emergency declared by the President; and

(II) the employee's dependents were residing either outside the continental United States or within the continental United States when the employee died; and

(3) the travel expenses of not more than 2 persons to escort the remains of a deceased employee, if death occurred while the employee was in travel status away from his official station in the United States or while performing official duties outside the United States or in transit thereto or therefrom, from the place of death to the home or official station of such person, or such other place appropriate for interment as is determined by the head of the agency concerned.

(c) When a dependent of an employee dies while residing with the employee performing official duties outside the continental United States or in Alaska or in transit thereto or therefrom, the head of the agency concerned may pay the necessary expenses of transporting the remains to the home of the dependent, or such other place appropriate for interment as is determined by the head of the agency concerned. If practicable, the agency concerned in respect of the deceased may furnish mortuary services and supplies on a reimbursable basis when—

(1) local commercial mortuary facilities and supplies are not available; or

(2) the cost of available mortuary facilities and supplies are prohibitive in the opinion of the head of the agency.

Reimbursement for the cost of mortuary services and supplies furnished under this subsection shall be collected and credited to current appropriations available for the payment of these costs.

(d) The benefits of this section may not be denied because the deceased was temporarily absent from duty when death occurred.

(e) Employees covered by this section include an employee who has been reassigned away from the employee's home of record pursuant to a mandatory mobility agreement executed as a condition of employment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1661; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(d) [title V, §589(b)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–150, 2681–210; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1103(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 346.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 103a. | July 8, 1940, ch. 551, §1, 54 Stat. 743. July 15, 1954, ch. 507, §7(b), 68 Stat. 479. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 103b. | July 8, 1940, ch. 551, §2, 54 Stat. 744. |


Subsection (a) is based on the words "department, independent establishment, agency, or federally owned or controlled corporation, hereinafter called department" in former section 103a. The terms "Executive agency" and "military department" include a department, independent establishment, agency, or federally owned or controlled corporation in the executive branch because of the definitions in sections 105 and 102.

The words "a military department" are included to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force, as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

Subsection (b) is restated for clarity and conciseness and to eliminate redundancy. In paragraphs (1) and (2), the words "outside the United States" are coextensive with and substituted for "in a Territory or possession of the United States or in a foreign country".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 101 of title 10, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii)(I)(bb), was subsequently amended, and the term "contingency operation" is now defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–181 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "the expense of transporting his dependents, including expenses of packing, crating, draying, and transporting household effects and other personal property to his former home or such other place as is determined by the head of the agency concerned, if death occurred while the employee was performing official duties outside the continental United States or in transit thereto or therefrom; and".

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–277 added par. (3).

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(d)(1), inserted "continental" after "outside the".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(d)(2), added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1103(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 346, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to deaths occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008]."

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §701, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2019, provided that: "Hereafter, funds appropriated in this or any other Act may be used to pay travel to the United States for the immediate family of employees serving abroad in cases of death or life threatening illness of said employee."

Authority of President under subsec. (b) of this section to prescribe regulations with respect to payment of expenses when an employee dies delegated to Administrator of General Services, see section 1(13) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Authority of President under subsec. (e) of this section delegated to Office of Personnel Management by section 6(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12748, Feb. 1, 1991, 56 F.R. 4521, eff. May 4, 1991, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563, §4(a), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1477, added heading of Subchapter IV.

(a) Under such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives) summoned, or assigned by his agency, to testify or produce official records on behalf of the United States is entitled to travel expenses under subchapter I of this chapter. If the case involves the activity in connection with which he is employed, the travel expenses are paid from the appropriation otherwise available for travel expenses of the employee under proper certification by a certifying official of the agency concerned. If the case does not involve its activity, the employing agency may advance or pay the travel expenses of the employee, and later obtain reimbursement from the agency properly chargeable with the travel expenses.

(b) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives) summoned, or assigned by his agency, to testify in his official capacity or produce official records, on behalf of a party other than the United States, is entitled to travel expenses under subchapter I of this chapter, except to the extent that travel expenses are paid to the employee for his appearance by the court, authority, or party which caused him to be summoned.

(Added Pub. L. 91–563, §4(a), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1477; amended Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(9), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746.)

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk" in subsecs. (a) and (b).

Employing agencies may pay candidates for Senior Executive Service positions travel expenses incurred incident to preemployment interviews requested by the employing agency.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §409(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173.)

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415(a)(1), (b) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

(a)(1) This section may be applied to—

(A) employees covered by the General Schedule pay system established under subchapter III of chapter 53; and

(B) employees in a category approved by the Office of Personnel Management at the request of the head of an Executive agency.

(2) A bonus may not be paid under this section to an individual who is appointed to or who holds—

(A) a position to which an individual is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, excluding members of the Foreign Service other than chiefs of mission and ambassadors at large;

(B) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as such term is defined under section 3132(a)); or

(C) a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character.

(3) In this section, the term "employee" has the meaning given that term in section 2105, except that such term also includes an employee described in subsection (c) of that section.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management may authorize the head of an agency to pay a bonus under this section to an individual only if—

(1) the position to which such individual is appointed (as described in paragraph (2)(A)) or to which such individual moves or must relocate (as described in paragraph (2)(B)) is likely to be difficult to fill in the absence of such a bonus; and

(2) the individual—

(A) is newly appointed as an employee of the Federal Government; or

(B)(i) is currently employed by the Federal Government; and

(ii)(I) moves to a new position in the same geographic area under circumstances described in regulations of the Office; or

(II) must relocate to accept a position in a different geographic area.

(c)(1) Payment of a bonus under this section shall be contingent upon the employee entering into a written service agreement to complete a period of employment with the agency, not longer than 4 years. The Office may, by regulation, prescribe a minimum service period for purposes of this section.

(2)(A) The agreement shall include—

(i) the commencement and termination dates of the required service period (or provisions for the determination thereof);

(ii) the amount of the bonus;

(iii) the method of payment; and

(iv) other terms and conditions under which the bonus is payable, subject to the requirements of this section and regulations of the Office.

(B) The terms and conditions for paying a bonus, as specified in the service agreement, shall include—

(i) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed; and

(ii) the effect of the termination.

(C) The required service period shall commence upon the commencement of service with the agency or movement to a new position or geographic area, as applicable, unless the service agreement provides for a later commencement date in circumstances and to the extent allowable under regulations of the Office, such as when there is an initial period of formal basic training.

(d)(1) Except as provided in subsection (e), a bonus under this section shall not exceed 25 percent of the annual rate of basic pay of the employee at the beginning of the service period multiplied by the number of years (including a fractional part of a year, as determined under regulations of the Office) in the required service period of the employee involved.

(2) A bonus under this section may be paid as an initial lump sum, in installments, as a final lump sum upon the completion of the full period of service required by the agreement, or in a combination of these forms of payment.

(3) A bonus under this section is not part of the basic pay of an employee for any purpose.

(4) Under regulations of the Office, a recruitment bonus under this section may be paid to an eligible individual before that individual enters on duty.

(e) The Office may authorize the head of an agency to waive the limitation under subsection (d)(1) based on a critical agency need, subject to regulations prescribed by the Office. Under such a waiver, the maximum bonus allowable shall—

(1) be equal to the maximum that would be determined if subsection (d)(1) were applied by substituting "50" for "25"; but

(2) in no event exceed 100 percent of the annual rate of basic pay of the employee at the beginning of the service period.

Nothing in this subsection shall be considered to permit the waiver of any requirement under subsection (c).

(f) The Office shall require that an agency establish a plan for the payment of recruitment bonuses before paying any such bonuses, and a plan for the payment of relocation bonuses before paying any such bonuses, subject to regulations prescribed by the Office.

(g) The Office may prescribe regulations to carry out this section, including regulations relating to the repayment of a bonus under this section in appropriate circumstances when the agreed-upon service period has not been completed.

(Added Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2305; amended Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, §412(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1932.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 5753, added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §208(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1458, which related to recruitment and relocation bonuses, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2305.

**2016**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–323 inserted ", excluding members of the Foreign Service other than chiefs of mission and ambassadors at large" before semicolon at end.

Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(d), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2310, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

Pub. L. 111–32, title XI, §1115(d), June 24, 2009, 123 Stat. 1906, as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5315, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2366, provided that: "Notwithstanding sections 5753(a)(2)(A) and 5754(a)(2)(A) of title 5, United States Code, appropriations made available by this or any other Act may be used to pay recruitment, relocation, and retention bonuses under chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code[,] to members of the Foreign Service, other than chiefs of mission and ambassadors at large, who are on official duty in Iraq, Afghanistan, or Pakistan."

[Pub. L. 117–328, div. K, title VII, §7034(l)(1), Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5032, provided that: "The authority contained in section 1115(d) of the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009 (Public Law 111–32) [set out above] shall remain in effect through September 30, 2023."]

(a)(1) This section may be applied to—

(A) employees covered by the General Schedule pay system established under subchapter III of chapter 53; and

(B) employees in a category approved by the Office of Personnel Management at the request of the head of an Executive agency.

(2) A bonus may not be paid under this section to an individual who is appointed to or who holds—

(A) a position to which an individual is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, excluding members of the Foreign Service other than chiefs of mission and ambassadors at large;

(B) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as such term is defined under section 3132(a)); or

(C) a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character.

(3) In this section, the term "employee" has the meaning given that term in section 2105, except that such term also includes an employee described in subsection (c) of that section.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management may authorize the head of an agency to pay a retention bonus to an employee if—

(1) the unusually high or unique qualifications of the employee or a special need of the agency for the employee's services makes it essential to retain the employee; and

(2) the agency determines that, in the absence of a retention bonus, the employee would be likely to leave—

(A) the Federal service; or

(B) for a different position in the Federal service under conditions described in regulations of the Office.

(c) The Office may authorize the head of an agency to pay retention bonuses to a group of employees in 1 or more categories of positions in 1 or more geographic areas, subject to the requirements of subsection (b)(1) and regulations prescribed by the Office, if there is a high risk that a significant portion of employees in the group would be likely to leave in the absence of retention bonuses.

(d)(1) Payment of a retention bonus is contingent upon the employee entering into a written service agreement with the agency to complete a period of employment with the agency.

(2)(A) The agreement shall include—

(i) the length of the required service period;

(ii) the amount of the bonus;

(iii) the method of payment; and

(iv) other terms and conditions under which the bonus is payable, subject to the requirements of this section and regulations of the Office.

(B) The terms and conditions for paying a bonus, as specified in the service agreement, shall include—

(i) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed; and

(ii) the effect of the termination.

(3)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a written service agreement is not required if the agency pays a retention bonus in biweekly installments and sets the installment payment at the full bonus percentage rate established for the employee with no portion of the bonus deferred.

(B) If an agency pays a retention bonus in accordance with subparagraph (A) and makes a determination to terminate the payments, the agency shall provide written notice to the employee of that determination. Except as provided in regulations of the Office, the employee shall continue to be paid the retention bonus through the end of the pay period in which such written notice is provided.

(4) A retention bonus for an employee may not be based on any period of such service which is the basis for a recruitment or relocation bonus under section 5753.

(e)(1) Except as provided in subsection (f), a retention bonus, which shall be stated as a percentage of the employee's basic pay for the service period associated with the bonus, may not exceed—

(A) 25 percent of the employee's basic pay if paid under subsection (b); or

(B) 10 percent of an employee's basic pay if paid under subsection (c).

(2)(A) A retention bonus may be paid to an employee in installments after completion of specified periods of service or in a single lump sum at the end of the full period of service required by the agreement.

(B) An installment payment is derived by multiplying the amount of basic pay earned in the installment period by a percentage not to exceed the bonus percentage rate established for the employee.

(C) If the installment payment percentage established for the employee is less than the bonus percentage rate established for the employee, the accrued but unpaid portion of the bonus is payable as part of the final installment payment to the employee after completion of the full service period under the terms of the service agreement.

(D) For purposes of this paragraph, the bonus percentage rate established for an employee means the bonus percentage rate established for such employee in accordance with paragraph (1) or subsection (f), as the case may be.

(3) A retention bonus is not part of the basic pay of an employee for any purpose.

(f) Upon the request of the head of an agency, the Office may waive the limit established under subsection (e)(1) and permit the agency head to pay an otherwise eligible employee or category of employees retention bonuses of up to 50 percent of basic pay, based on a critical agency need.

(g) The Office shall require that, before paying any bonuses under this section, an agency shall establish a plan for the payment of any such bonuses, subject to regulations prescribed by the Office.

(h) The Office may prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2307; amended Pub. L. 114–323, title IV, §412(2), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1932.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

A prior section 5754, added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §208(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1459, which related to retention allowances, was repealed by Pub. L. 108–411, title I, §101(a)(1), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2305.

**2016**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–323 inserted ", excluding members of the Foreign Service other than chiefs of mission and ambassadors at large" before semicolon at end.

Section effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the 180th day after Oct. 30, 2004, with exception for payment of certain retention allowances, see section 101(d) of Pub. L. 108–411, set out as a note under section 5753 of this title.

(a)(1) The Office of Personnel Management may authorize the head of an agency to pay a differential to an employee under the General Schedule who has supervisory responsibility for 1 or more employees not under the General Schedule, if 1 or more of the subordinate employees would, in the absence of such a differential, be paid more than the supervisory employee.

(2) For the purposes of comparing the pay of a supervisory employee under the General Schedule with the pay of a subordinate employee not under the General Schedule, comparability payments under section 5304, differentials, and allowances that are not a part of basic pay may be taken into consideration, as provided by regulations of the Office.

(b)(1) A supervisory differential, which shall be stated as a percentage of the supervisory employee's rate of basic pay (excluding any comparability payments under section 5304) or as a dollar amount, may not cause the supervisory employee's pay to exceed the pay of the highest paid subordinate employee by more than 3 percent.

(2) A supervisory differential may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee, and the reduction or elimination of a supervisory differential may not be appealed. The preceding sentence shall not be construed to extinguish or lessen any right or remedy under subchapter II of chapter 12 or under any of the laws referred to in section 2302(d).

(3) A supervisory differential shall be paid in the same manner and at the same time as the employee's basic pay is paid.

(c) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the terms "agency" and "employee" have the meanings given them by section 5102; and

(2) any reference to "an employee under the General Schedule" shall be considered to be a reference to any employee holding a position to which subchapter III of chapter 53 applies.

(d) The Office shall prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary for the administration of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §211(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1461; amended Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §107(a)(2)(B), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1239; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(3)(B), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1617.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (2) and (c)(2), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2017**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "section 2302(d)" for "section 2302(c)".

Pub. L. 115–73 substituted "section 2302(c)" for "section 2302(d)".

Section effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed under subsection (b), an agency may pay to an employee who transfers in the interest of the Government an amount to encourage the employee to aggressively market the employee's residence at the official station from which transferred when—

(1) the residence is entered into a relocation services program established under a contract in accordance with section 5724c of this title to arrange for the purchase of the residence;

(2) the employee finds a buyer who completes the purchase of the residence through the program; and

(3) the sale of the residence results in a reduced cost to the Government.

(b)(1) The Administrator of General Services shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(2) The regulations shall include a limitation on the maximum amount payable with respect to an employee's residence. The Administrator shall establish the limitation in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. For fiscal years 1997 and 1998, the maximum amount shall be the amount equal to five percent of the sale price of the residence.

(Added Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVII, §1717, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2757.)

Section effective 180 days after Sept. 23, 1996, see section 1725(a) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as an Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note under section 5722 of this title.

(a) An agency may use appropriated funds or funds otherwise available to the agency to pay for—

(1) expenses for employees to obtain professional credentials, including expenses for professional accreditation, State-imposed and professional licenses, and professional certification; and

(2) examinations to obtain such credentials.

(b) The authority under subsection (a) may not be exercised on behalf of any employee occupying or seeking to qualify for appointment to any position that is excepted from the competitive service because of the confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character of the position.

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1112(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238.)

1 Another section 5757 is set out after this section.

(a) The head of an Executive agency may pay an extended assignment incentive to an employee if—

(1) the employee has completed at least 2 years of continuous service in 1 or more civil service positions located in a territory or possession of the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;

(2) the agency determines that replacing the employee with another employee possessing the required qualifications and experience would be difficult; and

(3) the agency determines it is in the best interest of the Government to encourage the employee to complete a specified additional period of employment with the agency in the territory or possession, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, except that the total amount of service performed in a particular territory, commonwealth, or possession under 1 or more agreements established under this section may not exceed 5 years.

(b) The sum of extended assignment incentive payments for a service period may not exceed the greater of—

(1) an amount equal to 25 percent of the annual rate of basic pay of the employee at the beginning of the service period, times the number of years in the service period; or

(2) $15,000 per year in the service period.

(c)(1) Payment of an extended assignment incentive shall be contingent upon the employee entering into a written agreement with the agency specifying the period of service and other terms and conditions under which the extended assignment incentive is payable.

(2) The agreement shall set forth the method of payment, including any use of an initial lump-sum payment, installment payments, or a final lump-sum payment upon completion of the entire period of service.

(3) The agreement shall describe the conditions under which the extended assignment incentive may be canceled prior to the completion of agreed-upon service period and the effect of the cancellation. The agreement shall require that if, at the time of cancellation of the incentive, the employee has received incentive payments which exceed the amount which bears the same relationship to the total amount to be paid under the agreement as the completed service period bears to the agreed-upon service period, the employee shall repay that excess amount, at a minimum, except that an employee who is involuntarily reassigned to a position stationed outside the territory, commonwealth, or possession or involuntarily separated (not for cause on charges of misconduct, delinquency, or inefficiency) may not be required to repay any excess amounts.

(d) An agency may not put an extended assignment incentive into effect during a period in which the employee is fulfilling a recruitment or relocation bonus service agreement under section 5753 or for which an employee is receiving a retention allowance under section 5754.

(e) Extended assignment incentive payments may not be considered part of the basic pay of an employee.

(f) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations for the administration of this section, including regulations on an employee's entitlement to retain or receive incentive payments when an agreement is canceled. Neither this section nor implementing regulations may impair any agency's independent authority to administratively determine compensation for a class of its employees.

(Added Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §207(a)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1779.)

Section effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after 6 months after Nov. 2, 2002, see section 207(c) of Pub. L. 107–273, set out as an Effective Date of 2002 Amendment note under section 5307 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–273, div. A, title II, §207(d), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1780, required, no later than 3 years after the effective date of this section (see Effective Date note above), the Office of Personnel Management to submit a report to Congress related to effectiveness of the extended assignment incentive authority.

1 Another section 5757 is set out preceding this section.

(a)

(1)(A) the unusually high or unique qualifications of the employee or a special need of the Bureau for the employee's services makes it essential to retain the employee; and

(B) the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation determines that, in the absence of such a bonus, the employee would be likely to leave—

(i) the Federal service; or

(ii) for a different position in the Federal service; or

(2) the individual is subject to a mobility agreement and is transferred to a position in a different geographical area in which there is a shortage of critical skills (as determined by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation).

(b)

(1) the period of service the individual shall be required to complete in return for the bonus; and

(2) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed, and the effect of the termination, including requirements for a bonus recipient's repayment of a bonus in circumstances determined by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(c)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §113(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2868; amended Pub. L. 111–117, div. B, title II, §217, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3141; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §443, Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2733.)

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–259, §443(1), substituted "is subject to a mobility agreement and is transferred to a position in a different geographical area in which there is a shortage of critical skills" for "is transferred to a different geographic area with a higher cost of living".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–259, §443(2), substituted ", including requirements for a bonus recipient's repayment of a bonus in circumstances determined by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation." for the period.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–259, §443(3), substituted "annual rate of basic pay. The bonus may be paid in a lump sum or installments linked to completion of periods of service." for "basic pay."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–259, §443(4), substituted "bonus paid under this section" for "retention bonus".

**2009**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–117 struck out subsec. (e). Text read as follows: "The authority to grant bonuses under this section shall cease to be available after December 31, 2009."

1 So in original. No section 5758 has been enacted.

(a)

(2) In addition to the family members authorized to be provided travel and transportation under paragraph (1), the head of an agency may provide travel and transportation described in subsection (d) to an attendant to accompany a family member described in subsection (b) if the head of an agency determines—

(A) the family member to be accompanied is unable to travel unattended because of age, physical condition, or other reason determined by the head of the agency; and

(B) no other family member who is eligible for travel and transportation under subsection (a) is able to serve as an attendant for the family member.

(3) If no family member of an employee described in subsection (b) is able to travel to the repatriation site of the employee, travel and transportation described in subsection (d) may be provided to not more than 2 persons related to and selected by the employee.

(b)

(1) was held captive, as determined by the head of an agency concerned; and

(2) is repatriated to a site inside or outside the United States.

(c)

(d)

(2) In addition to the transportation authorized by subsection (a), the head of an agency may provide a per diem allowance or reimbursement for the actual and necessary expenses of the travel, or a combination thereof, but not to exceed the rates established for such allowances and expenses under section 464 of title 37.

(3) The transportation authorized by subsection (a) may be provided by any of the means described in section 452(d) of title 37.

(4) An allowance under this subsection may be paid in advance.

(5) Reimbursement payable under this subsection may not exceed the cost of government-procured round-trip air travel.

(Added Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1121(a), Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3451; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title VI, §631(f)(4)(B), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1465; Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a)(9), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 117–263, div. A, title VI, §626(b)(3), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 2628.)

**2022**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(b)(3)(A), substituted "section 451(a)" for "section 481h(b)".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(b)(3)(B)(i), substituted "section 464" for "section 474(d)".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 117–263, §626(b)(3)(B)(ii), substituted "section 452(d)" for "section 481h(d)(1)".

**2013**—Subsecs. (c), (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(a)(9), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 112–81, §631(f)(4)(B). See 2011 Amendment note below.

**2011**—Subsecs. (c), (d)(2), (3). Pub. L. 112–81, §631(f)(4)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 112–239, §1076(a)(9), substituted "481h(b)" for "411h(b)" in subsec. (c), "474(d)" for "404(d)" in subsec. (d)(2), and "481h(d)(1)" for "411h(d)(1)" in subsec. (d)(3).

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title X, §1076(a), Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1947, provided that the amendment made by section 1076(a)(9) is effective Dec. 31, 2011, and as if included in Pub. L. 112–81 as enacted.

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation may, under regulations prescribed by the Director, pay a cash award of up to 10 percent of basic pay to any Bureau employee who maintains proficiency in a language or languages critical to the mission or who uses one or more foreign languages in the performance of official duties.

(Added Pub. L. 111–117, div. B, title II, §219(a), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3141.)





**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1111(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238, added item 5949.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1092(a)(2), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1487, added item 5942a.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §127(b)(2), Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1027, struck out item 5944 "Illness and burial expenses; native employees in foreign countries".

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§2310(b), 2311(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2166, added items 5927 and 5928.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–603, §2(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 3020, added item 5948.

Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §411(b), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 981, added item 5926.

**1971**—Pub. L. 91–656, §§6(c), 7(b), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1954, substituted "duty at remote worksites" for "duty on California offshore islands or at Nevada Test Site" in item 5942 and added item 5947.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(40)(B), (42), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 206, 207, added items 5902 and 5903, and inserted "or at Nevada Test Site" in item 5942.

(a) There is authorized to be appropriated annually to each agency of the Government of the United States, including a Government owned corporation, and of the government of the District of Columbia, on a showing of necessity or desirability, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter. The head of the agency concerned, out of funds made available by the appropriation, shall—

(1) furnish to each of these employees a uniform at a cost not to exceed $400 a year (or such higher maximum amount as the Office of Personnel Management may establish under section 5902); or

(2) pay to each of these employees an allowance for a uniform not to exceed $400 a year (or such higher maximum amount as the Office of Personnel Management may establish under section 5902).

The allowance may be paid only at the times and in the amounts authorized by the regulations prescribed under section 5903 of this title. When the agency pays direct to the uniform vendor, the head of the agency may deduct a service charge of not more than 4 percent.

(b) When the furnishing of a uniform or the payment of a uniform allowance is authorized under another statute or regulation existing on September 1, 1954, the head of the agency concerned may continue the furnishing of the uniform or the payment of the uniform allowance under that statute or regulation, but in that event a uniform may not be furnished or allowance paid under this section.

(c) An allowance paid under this section is not wages within the meaning of section 409 of title 42 or chapters 21 and 24 of title 26.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(39), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 206; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §202(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1456; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(50), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 2131. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §402, 68 Stat. 1114. May 13, 1955, ch. 40, 69 Stat. 49. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2132 (less applicability to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §403 (less applicability to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended), 68 Stat. 1115. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 2133. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §404, 68 Stat. 1115. |


In subsection (a), the word "concerned" is substituted for "to which any such appropriation is made".

In subsection (b), the words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority.

In subsections (b) and (d), the word "rules" is omitted as covered by the word "regulations".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5901(a) | 5 App.: 2131. | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301 §13, 79 Stat. 1122. July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §407(a), 80 Stat. 299. |


The amendment to the third sentence of subsection (a) of 5 U.S.C. 5901, and the deletion of subsection (d) thereof, reflect the recodification of subsection (d) in 5 U.S.C. 5903 by section 1(40)(A) of this bill. In the last sentence of subsection (a), the words "When" and "pays" are substituted for "In those instances where" and "makes reimbursement", respectively.

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "5902)" for "5902)."

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §202(a)(1)], substituted "such sums as may be necessary to carry out this subchapter." for "an amount not to exceed $125 multiplied by the number of employees of the agency who are required by regulation or statute to wear a prescribed uniform in the performance of official duties and who are not being furnished with the uniform."

Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title II, §202(a)(2)], substituted "$400 a year (or such higher maximum amount as the Office of Personnel Management may establish under section 5902)." for "$125 a year".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–394, title V, §504, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: "Appropriations contained in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts, available for salaries and expenses, shall be available for uniforms or allowances therefor as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 5901–5902)."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 102–170, title V, §504, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1141.

Pub. L. 101–517, title V, §504, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2221.

Pub. L. 101–166, title V, §504, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(h) [title V, §504], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–256, 1329–287.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §504], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–287, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, §504], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–287.

Pub. L. 99–178, title V, §504, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132.

Pub. L. 98–619, title V, §504, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3333.

Pub. L. 98–139, title V, §504, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 889.

Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §101(e)(1) [title V, §504], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904.

The Office of Personnel Management may, from time to time, by regulation adjust the maximum amount for the cost of uniforms and the maximum allowance for uniforms under section 5901.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(40)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 206; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §202(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1456.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5902 | 5 App.: 2134. | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §407(b), 80 Stat. 299. |


The words "any other provision of" following "Notwithstanding" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "section 5901 of this title" are substituted for "this title" in three places to reflect the codification of that title in title 5, United States Code.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Notwithstanding section 5901 of this title, each of the respective maximum uniform allowances in effect on April 1, 1966, for the respective categories of employees to whom uniform allowances are paid under section 5901 of this title are increased, subject to the maximum allowance authorized by section 5901 of this title, as follows:

"(1) If the maximum uniform allowance is $100 or more, it is increased by 25 percent.

"(2) If the maximum uniform allowance is $75 or more but less than $100, it is increased by 30 percent.

"(3) If the maximum uniform allowance is $50 or more but less than $75, it is increased by 35 percent.

"(4) If the maximum uniform allowance is less than $50, it is increased by 40 percent.

The maximum uniform allowances, as in effect on April 1, 1966, and as increased by this section, may not be reduced."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe such regulations as it considers necessary for the administration of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(40)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 206; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(2), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title II, §202(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1456.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

5903 | 5: 5901(d). | [None.] |


The regulatory authority contained in 5 U.S.C. 5901(d), the source statute for which was section 404 of the act of September 1, 1954, ch. 1208, 68 Stat. 1115, applies also to section 405 of that act (added by section 407 of the act of July 18, 1966, Public Law 89–504, 80 Stat. 299). Section 405 is codified as 5 U.S.C. 5902 by this bill.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–509 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "The President shall prescribe regulations necessary for the uniform administration of this subchapter."

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "Government" means the Government of the United States;

(2) "agency" means an Executive agency, but does not include the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(3) "employee" means an employee of an agency;

(4) "United States" means the several States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;

(5) "quarters" means quarters owned or leased by the Government; and

(6) "facilities" means household furniture and equipment, garage space, utilities, subsistence, and laundry service.

(b) The head of an agency may provide, directly or by contract, an employee stationed in the United States with quarters and facilities, when conditions of employment or of availability of quarters warrant the action.

(c) Rental rates for quarters provided for an employee under subsection (b) of this section or occupied on a rental basis by an employee or member of a uniformed service under any other provision of statute, and charges for facilities made available in connection with the occupancy of the quarters, shall be based on the reasonable value of the quarters and facilities to the employee or member concerned, in the circumstances under which the quarters and facilities are provided, occupied, or made available. The amounts of the rates and charges shall be paid by, or deducted from the pay of, the employee or member of a uniformed service, or otherwise charged against him in accordance with law. The amounts of payroll deductions for the rates and charges shall remain in the applicable appropriation or fund. When payment of the rates and charges is made by other than payroll deductions, the amounts of payment shall be credited to the Government as provided by law.

(d) When, as an incidental service in support of a program of the Government, quarters and facilities are provided by appropriate authority of the Government to an individual other than an employee or member of a uniformed service, the rates and charges therefor shall be determined in accordance with this section. The amounts of payment of the rates and charges shall be credited to the Government as provided by law.

(e) The head of an agency may not require an employee or member of a uniformed service to occupy quarters on a rental basis, unless the agency head determines that necessary service cannot be rendered, or that property of the Government cannot adequately be protected, otherwise.

(f) The President may prescribe regulations governing the provision, occupancy, and availability of quarters and facilities, the determination of rates and charges therefor, and other related matters, necessary and appropriate to carry out this section. The head of each agency may prescribe regulations, not inconsistent with the regulations of the President, necessary and appropriate to carry out the functions of the agency head under this section.

(g) Subsection (c) of this section does not repeal or modify any provision of statute authorizing the provision of quarters or facilities, either without charge or at rates or charges specifically fixed by statute.

(h) A member of the uniformed service on a permanent change of duty station or temporary duty orders and occupying unaccompanied personnel housing—

(1) is exempt from the requirement of subsection (c) to pay a rental rate or charge based on the reasonable value of the quarters and facilities provided; and

(2) shall pay such lesser rate or charge as the Secretary of Defense establishes by regulation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 508; Pub. L. 99–145, title VIII, §809(c), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 681.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 3121. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §1, 78 Stat. 557. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 3122. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §2, 78 Stat. 557. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 3123. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §3, 78 Stat. 557. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 3124. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §4, 78 Stat. 557. |

(e) | 5 U.S.C. 3125. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §5, 78 Stat. 557. |

(f) | 5 U.S.C. 3126. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §6, 78 Stat. 558. |

(g) | 5 U.S.C. 3127. | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–459, §7, 78 Stat. 558. |


In subsection (a)(2), the term "Executive agency" is coextensive with and substituted for "each executive department of the Government", "each agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of the Government", "each corporation owned or controlled by the Government", and "the General Accounting Office" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105.

In subsection (a)(3), the term "employee" is substituted for "civilian officer or employee" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Subsection (a)(7) of former section 3121 is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "uniformed services" in section 2101.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1985**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–145 added subsec. (h).

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–145 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 813 of Pub. L. 99–145, formerly set out in a Military Family Policy and Programs note under section 113 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title IX, §914, Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3474, as amended by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1051(t)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §642, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1431; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VI, §642, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3684, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(c) [title III, §320], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1837, 1874, as amended by Pub. L. 100–446, title III, §316, Sept. 27, 1988, 102 Stat. 1826; Pub. L. 101–121, title III, §317, Oct. 23, 1989, 103 Stat. 745, provided that: "Notwithstanding title 5 of the United States Code or any other provision of law, after September 30, 1984, rents and charges collected by payroll deduction or otherwise for the use or occupancy of quarters of agencies funded by this Act [probably means Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriation Act, 1985, as set forth in section 101(c) of Pub. L. 98–473] shall thereafter be deposited in a special fund in each agency, to remain available until expended, for the maintenance and operation of the quarters of that agency: *Provided*, That nothing contained herein shall prohibit an agreement between an Indian tribe or tribal organization and the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, pursuant to the Indian Self-Determination Act, as amended (25 U.S.C. 450 et seq.) [former 25 U.S.C. 450f et seq., now 25 U.S.C. 5321 et seq.], under which such tribe or tribal organization may retain rents and charges for the operation, maintenance, and repair of such quarters."

Authority of President under subsec. (f) of this section to issue regulations provided for therein (relating to provision, occupancy, and availability of quarters and facilities, determination of rates and charges therefor, and other related matters, as are necessary and appropriate to carry out provisions of this section) delegated to Director of Office of Management and Budget, see section 9(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Under regulations prescribed by the head of the agency concerned and approved by the President, an employee who is a citizen of the United States permanently stationed in a foreign country may be furnished, without cost to him, living quarters, including heat, fuel, and light, in a Government owned or rented building. The rented quarters may be furnished only within the limits of appropriations made therefor.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 509.)

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5 U.S.C. 118a. | June 26, 1930, ch. 622, 46 Stat. 818. Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §511(c)(6), 74 Stat. 801. |


The words "which appropriations are hereby authorized" are omitted as unnecessary in view of section 5509.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5721 of this title.

(b) Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, funds available to an agency for administrative expenses may be allotted to posts in foreign countries to defray the unusual expenses incident to the operation and maintenance of official residences suitable for—

(1) the chief representatives of the United States at the posts; and

(2) such other senior officials of the Government of the United States as the President may designate.

(c) Funds made available under subsection (b) may be provided in advance to persons eligible to receive reimbursements.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 109–140, §7, Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2652.)

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5 U.S.C. 3039. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §22, added Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §311(a), 74 Stat. 796. |


The word "agency" is substituted for "department" and defined to conform to the definition of "department" in section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2005**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–140 added subsec. (c).

Secretary of State empowered to prescribe regulations governing allotment to posts in foreign countries, for purpose stated in this section, of funds available to the departments for administrative expenses, and to designate senior officials of this Government in foreign countries, see section 1(c) of Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, set out as a note under section 5921 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "Government" means the Government of the United States;

(2) "agency" means an Executive agency and the Library of Congress, but does not include a Government controlled corporation;

(3) "employee" means an employee in or under an agency and more specifically defined by regulations prescribed by the President;

(4) "United States", when used in a geographical sense, means the several States and the District of Columbia;

(5) "continental United States" means the several States and the District of Columbia, but does not include Alaska or Hawaii; and

(6) "foreign area" means—

(A) the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and

(B) any other area outside the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and territories and possessions of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 510.)

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5 U.S.C. 3032. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §111, 74 Stat. 792. |


In paragraph (1), the words "of America" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (2), the word "agency" is substituted for "Government agency". The term "Executive agency" is substituted for the reference to "each executive department of the Government, each independent establishment or agency in the executive branch of the Government, including each corporation wholly owned (either directly or through one or more corporations) by the Government". The exception of "a Government controlled corporation" is added to preserve the application of this subchapter to corporations wholly owned by the Government.

In paragraph (3), the word "employee" is substituted for "individual in the civilian service" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105. Reference to "ambassadors, ministers, and officers of the Foreign Service under the Department of State" is omitted as included in the definition of "employee".

In paragraph (4), the words "of the United States of America" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §156, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 46, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 86–707, title V, §511(b), Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 800, provided that: "Any provision of law which is not repealed by subsection (a) of this section but is inconsistent with any provision of this Act or of any amendment made by this Act [enacting chapter 37 of former title 5 (now covered by this subchapter), amending other sections as shown in the Tables, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 912 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code] shall be held and considered to be amended, modified, or superseded to the extent necessary to carry out the purposes of and conform to such provision of this Act or of such amendment."

Pub. L. 86–707, title V, §501(a), Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 800, provided that: "There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting chapter 37 of former title 5 (now covered by this subchapter), amending other sections as shown in the Tables, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 912 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code]."

Pub. L. 86–707, title V, §521, Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 802, provided that: "Whenever reference is made in any other law or in any regulation to any provision of law which is repealed, modified, amended, or superseded by reason of section 511 of this Act [repealing sections 170g(b), 170r, and 170s of former title 5, sections 888, 1132, 1133 and 1136(9) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and sections 3501(d) and 3505(b) of Title 50, War and National Defense, amending section 118a of former title 5, section 1131 of Title 22, and sections 3501(c) and 3505(1)(A), (3) (A–C) of Title 50, and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section], such reference, unless inconsistent with this Act shall be held and considered to refer to this Act or the appropriate provision of, or amendment made by, this Act."

Pub. L. 86–707, title V, §522, Sept. 6, 1960, 74 Stat. 802, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of this Act [enacting chapter 37 of former title 5 (now covered by this subchapter), amending other sections as shown in the Tables, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 912 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code] and until such time as regulations are issued under this Act, employees shall continue to be paid allowances and differentials in accordance with rules and regulations issued pursuant to the laws in effect immediately prior to the enactment of this Act [Sept. 6, 1960] and such rules and regulations may be amended or revoked in accordance with the provision of such laws."

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739; Ex. Ord. No. 11230, June 28, 1965, 30 F.R. 8447; Ex. Ord. No. 11380, Nov. 8, 1967, 32 F.R. 15627; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055; Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, and various provisions of law cited in the body of this order, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) The authority vested in the President by section 5921(3) of title 5, United States Code, to prescribe regulations defining the term "employee".

(b) The authority vested in the President by subchapter III of chapter 59 of title 5 of the United States Code, to prescribe regulations, including the regulations referred to in sections 5922(b), 5922(c), and 5924(4)(B) of that title (governing, respectively, (1) certain waivers of recovery, (2) the payment of allowances and differentials authorized by said subchapter and certain other matters, and (3) travel expenses for dependents of certain employees).

(c) The authority vested in the President by section 5913 of title 5 of the United States Code, (1) to prescribe regulations governing the allotment to posts in foreign countries, for the purpose stated in that section, of funds available to the departments for administrative expenses, and (2) to designate senior officials of this Government in foreign countries.

(d) The authority vested in the President by other provisions of law (including section 235(2) [now 707(a)(2)] of title 38 of the United States Code) to prescribe regulations governing representation allowances similar to those authorized by section 905 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4085).

(e) The authority vested in the President by section 5912 of title 5 of the United States Code to approve regulations prescribed by heads of agencies (under which employees who are citizens of the United States permanently stationed in foreign countries may be furnished, without cost to them, living quarters, including heat, fuel, and light, in government-owned or rented buildings).

(f) [Repealed by Ex. Ord. No. 12292, §4(f), Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967]

(g) [Redesignated (e) by Ex. Ord. No. 12292, §4(f), Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967]

"

"

"(a) That part of the functions vested in the President by section 7(a) of the Defense Department Overseas Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act (73 Stat. 216; 5 U.S.C. 2355(a)) [section 905(a) of Title 20, Education] which consists of authority to prescribe regulations relating to quarters and quarters allowance.

"(b) The authority vested in the President by section 8(a)(1) of the Defense Department Overseas and Teachers Pay and Personnel Practices Act (73 Stat. 216; 5 U.S.C. 2356(a)(1)) [section 906(a)(1) of Title 20, Education] to prescribe regulations relating to cost-of-living allowances.

"(c) The authority vested in the President by section 235(a) [now 707(a)(5)] of title 38 of the United States Code to prescribe rules and regulations with respect to allowances and benefits similar to those provided for in section 941 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1156)."

(b) The reference in section 1 of Executive Order No. 10853 of November 27, 1959, to the regulations contained in Executive Order No. 10000 of September 16, 1948, shall be deemed to include a reference to the corresponding regulations prescribed in pursuance of the provisions of this order.

1. Parts I, III, IV, and V of Executive Order No. 10000 of September 16, 1948.

2. Executive Order No. 10011 of October 22, 1948.

3. Executive Order No. 10085 of October 28, 1949.

4. Executive Order No. 10100 of January 28, 1950.

5. Executive Order No. 10187 of December 4, 1950.

6. Executive Order No. 10261 of June 27, 1951.

7. Executive Order No. 10313 of December 14, 1951.

8. Executive Order No. 10391 of September 3, 1952.

9. Executive Order No. 10503 of December 1, 1953.

10. Executive Order No. 10623 of July 23, 1955.

11. Section 1 and, to the extent that it pertains to Executive Order No. 10000, section 3 of Executive Order No. 10636 of September 16, 1955.

(b) Existing rules and regulations prescribed in or pursuant to the Executive order provisions revoked by section 5(a) of this order, other existing rules and regulations pertaining to allowances, differentials, and other benefits corresponding to those authorized by the provisions of law referred to in this order and actions heretofore taken in pursuance of any thereof shall remain in effect until hereafter superseded in pursuance of the provisions of this order.

Ex. Ord. No. 11137, Jan. 7, 1964, 29 F.R. 223, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11382, Nov. 28, 1967, 32 F.R. 16247; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code and by the various provisions of law cited in the body of this order, and as President of the United States it is ordered as follows:

(a) Shall, so far as practicable, be uniform.

(b) In the case of regulations prescribed by the Secretaries of the military departments, shall require the approval of the Secretary of Defense.

(c) Shall not, with respect to any locality, authorize allowances or differentials which exceed those prescribed under Executive Order No. 10903 of January 9, 1961, [set out as a note under this section], for other employees of the United States in the same locality.

(a) Shall, so far as practicable, be uniform.

(b) Shall not apply to employees who are stationed in either the Canal Zone or in any "foreign area" as defined in 5 U.S.C. 5921(6).

(c) Shall be limited to employees whose rates of basic compensation are fixed in conformity with rates paid by the Government for work of a comparable level of difficulty and responsibility to employees stationed in the continental United States, exclusive of Alaska.

(d) Shall not, with respect to any locality, authorize allowances which exceed those prescribed under Executive Order No. 10000 of September 16, 1948, as amended, for other employees of the United States in the same locality.

(a) Notwithstanding section 5536 of this title and except as otherwise provided by this subchapter, the allowances and differentials authorized by this subchapter may be granted to an employee officially stationed in a foreign area—

(1) who is a citizen of the United States; and

(2) whose rate of basic pay is fixed by statute or, without taking into consideration the allowances and differentials provided by this subchapter, is fixed by administrative action pursuant to law or is fixed administratively in conformity with rates paid by the Government for work of a comparable level of difficulty and responsibility in the continental United States.

To the extent authorized by a provision of statute other than this subchapter, the allowances and differentials provided by this subchapter may be paid to an employee officially stationed in a foreign area who is not a citizen of the United States.

(b) Allowances granted under this subchapter may be paid in advance, or advance of funds may be made therefor, through the proper disbursing official in such sums as are considered advisable in consideration of the need and the period of time during which expenditures must be made in advance by the employee. An advance of funds not subsequently covered by allowances accrued to the employee under this subchapter is recoverable by the Government by—

(1) setoff against accrued pay, compensation, amount of retirement credit, or other amount due the employee from the Government; and

(2) such other method as is provided by law for the recovery of amounts owing to the Government.

The head of the agency concerned, under regulations of the President, may waive in whole or in part a right of recovery under this subsection, if it is shown that the recovery would be against equity and good conscience or against the public interest.

(c) The allowances and differentials authorized by this subchapter shall be paid under regulations prescribed by the President governing—

(1) payments of the allowances and differentials and the respective rates at which the payments are made;

(2) the foreign areas, the groups of positions, and the categories of employees to which the rates apply; and

(3) other related matters.

(d) When a quarters allowance or allowance related to education under this subchapter, or quarters furnished in Government-owned or controlled buildings under section 5912, would be furnished to an employee but for the death of the employee, such allowances or quarters may be furnished or continued for the purpose of allowing any child of the employee to complete the current school year at post or away from post notwithstanding the employee's death.

(e) When an allowance related to education away from post under this subchapter would be authorized with respect to an employee but for the evacuation or authorized departure status of the post, such an allowance may be furnished or continued for the purpose of allowing any dependent children of such employee to complete the current school year.

(f)(1) If an employee dies at post in a foreign area, a transfer allowance under section 5924(2)(B) may be granted to the spouse or dependents of such employee (or both) for the purpose of providing for their return to the United States.

(2) A transfer allowance under this subsection may not be granted with respect to the spouse or a dependent of the employee unless, at the time of death, such spouse or dependent was residing—

(A) at the employee's post of assignment; or

(B) at a place, outside the United States, for which a separate maintenance allowance was being furnished under section 5924(3).

(3) The President may prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 510; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 669; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §335], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–441.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 3033. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §201, 74 Stat. 793. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 3034. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §202, 74 Stat. 793. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 3035. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §203, 74 Stat. 793. |


In subsection (a), the word "only" is omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "disbursing official" are substituted for "disbursing officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104 which excludes a member of a uniformed service.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1999**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–113 added subsec. (f).

**1991**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–138 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Secretary of State empowered to prescribe regulations, see section 1(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, set out as a note under section 5921 of this title.

(a) When Government owned or rented quarters are not provided without charge for an employee in a foreign area, one or more of the following quarters allowances may be granted when applicable:

(1) A temporary subsistence allowance for the reasonable cost of temporary quarters (including meals and laundry expenses) incurred by the employee and his family—

(A) for a period not in excess of 90 days after first arrival at a new post of assignment in a foreign area or a period ending with the occupation of residence quarters, whichever is shorter; and

(B) for a period of not more than 30 days immediately before final departure from the post after the necessary evacuation of residence quarters.

(2) A living quarters allowance for rent, heat, light, fuel, gas, electricity, and water, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31.

(3) Under unusual circumstances, payment or reimbursement for extraordinary, necessary, and reasonable expenses, not otherwise compensated for, incurred in initial repairs, alterations, and improvements to the privately leased residence of an employee at a post of assignment in a foreign area, if—

(A) the expenses are administratively approved in advance; and

(B) the duration and terms of the lease justify payment of the expenses by the Government.

(b) The 90-day period under subsection (a)(1)(A) and the 30-day period under subsection (a)(1)(B) may each be extended for not more than 60 additional days if the head of the agency concerned or his designee determines that there are compelling reasons beyond the control of the employee for the continued occupancy of temporary quarters.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(15), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(d), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 669.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 3036. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §211, 74 Stat. 793. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–138 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "subsistence" for "lodging" and inserted "(including meals and laundry expenses)" after "quarters" in par. (1), substituted "90 days" for "3 months" in par. (1)(A), substituted "30 days" for "1 month" in par. (1)(B), and added subsec. (b).

**1982**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3324(a) and (b)" for "section 529".

The following cost-of-living allowances may be granted, when applicable, to an employee in a foreign area:

(1) A post allowance to offset the difference between the cost of living at the post of assignment of the employee in a foreign area and the cost of living in the District of Columbia, except that employees receiving the temporary subsistence allowance under section 5923(1) are ineligible for a post allowance under this paragraph.

(2) A transfer allowance for extraordinary, necessary, and reasonable subsistence and other relocation expenses (including unavoidable lease penalties), not otherwise compensated for, incurred by an employee incident to establishing himself at a post of assignment in—

(A) a foreign area (including costs incurred in the United States, its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements prior to departure for a post of assignment in a foreign area); or

(B) the United States after the employee agrees in writing to remain in Government service for 12 months after transfer, unless separated for reasons beyond the control of the employee that are acceptable to the agency concerned.

(3) A separate maintenance allowance to assist an employee who is compelled or authorized, because of dangerous, notably unhealthful, or excessively adverse living conditions at the employee's post of assignment in a foreign area, or for the convenience of the Government, or who requests such an allowance because of special needs or hardship involving the employee or the employee's spouse or dependents, to meet the additional expenses of maintaining, elsewhere than at the post, the employee's spouse or dependents, or both.

(4) An education allowance or payment of travel costs to assist an employee with the extraordinary and necessary expenses, not otherwise compensated for, incurred because of his service in a foreign area or foreign areas in providing adequate education for his dependents (or, to the extent education away from post is involved, official assignment to service in such area or areas), as follows:

(A) An allowance not to exceed the cost of obtaining such kindergarten, elementary and secondary educational services as are ordinarily provided without charge by the public schools in the United States (including such educational services as are provided by the States under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act), plus, in those cases when adequate schools are not available at the post of the employee, board and room, and periodic transportation between that post and the school chosen by the employee, not to exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school in the nearest United States locality where an adequate school is available, without regard to section 3324(a) and (b) of title 31. When travel from school to post is infeasible, travel may be allowed between the school attended and the home of a designated relative or family friend or to join a parent at any location, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel between the school and the post. The amount of the allowance granted shall be determined on the basis of the educational facility used.

(B) The travel expenses of dependents of an employee to and from a secondary or post-secondary educational institution, not to exceed one annual trip each way for each dependent, except that an allowance payment under subparagraph (A) may not be made for a dependent during the 12 months following the arrival of the dependent at the selected educational institution under authority contained in this subparagraph.

(C) In those cases in which an adequate school is available at the post of the employee, if the employee chooses to educate the dependent at a school away from post, the education allowance which includes board and room, and periodic travel between the post and the school chosen, shall not exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school at the post of the employee.

(D) Allowances provided pursuant to subparagraphs (A) and (B) may include, at the election of the employee, payment or reimbursement of the costs incurred to store baggage for the employee's dependent at or in the vicinity of the dependent's school during one trip per year by the dependent between the school and the employee's duty station, except that such payment or reimbursement may not exceed the cost that the Government would incur to transport the baggage in connection with the trip, and such payment or reimbursement shall be in lieu of transportation of the baggage.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 511; Pub. L. 92–187, §2, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 644; Pub. L. 93–126, §12, Oct. 18, 1973, 87 Stat. 454; Pub. L. 93–475, §13, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1443; Pub. L. 94–141, title IV, §405, Nov. 29, 1975, 89 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 96–53, title V, §510, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 380; Pub. L. 96–100, title V, §502, Nov. 2, 1979, 93 Stat. 734; Pub. L. 96–132, §4(h), Nov. 30, 1979, 93 Stat. 1045; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§2307, 2308, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(15), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §303, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(h), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1662; Pub. L. 102–138, title I, §147(e), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 103–236, title I, §176, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(7), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2869; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §336], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–442; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §319, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1380; Pub. L. 109–472, §3, Jan. 11, 2007, 120 Stat. 3554.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 3037. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §221, 74 Stat. 794. |


In paragraph (1), the word "Washington" is omitted as covered by "District of Columbia".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in par. (4)(A), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

**2007**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 109–472, §3(1), inserted "United States" after "nearest" in first sentence.

Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 109–472, §3(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) related to educational travel expenses of dependents of an employee.

Par. (4)(D). Pub. L. 109–472, §3(3), added subpar. (D).

**2002**—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 107–228 inserted after first sentence "At the election of the employee, in lieu of the transportation of the baggage of a dependent from the dependent's school, the costs incurred to store the baggage at or in the vicinity of the school during the dependent's annual trip between the school and the employee's duty station may be paid or reimbursed to the employee, except that the amount of the payment or reimbursement may not exceed the cost that the Government would incur to transport the baggage."

**1999**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 106–113 substituted "between that post and the school chosen by the employee, not to exceed the total cost to the Government of the dependent attending an adequate school in the nearest locality where an adequate school is available," for "between that post and the nearest locality where adequate schools are available," in subpar. (A) and added subpar. (C).

**1996**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–201 struck out at end "Notwithstanding section 1217(d) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3657(d)), for the purposes of this paragraph, the term 'foreign area' includes the Republic of Panama."

**1994**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 103–236, §176(a), inserted after first sentence "When travel from school to post is infeasible, travel may be allowed between the school attended and the home of a designated relative or family friend or to join a parent at any location, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel between the school and the post."

Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 103–236, §176(b), inserted "(or to and from a school outside the United States if the dependent is attending that school for less than one year under a program approved by the school in the United States at which the dependent is enrolled, with the allowable travel expense not to exceed the cost of travel to and from the school in the United States)" after "in the United States".

**1991**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 102–138, §147(e)(1), substituted "Columbia, except that employees receiving the temporary subsistence allowance under section 5923(1) are ineligible for a post allowance under this paragraph" for "Columbia".

Par. (2). Pub. L. 102–138, §147(e)(2), in introductory provisions substituted "subsistence and other relocation expenses (including unavoidable lease penalties)" for "expenses", in subpar. (A) inserted "the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands," after "Puerto Rico," and in subpar. (B) substituted "after the employee agrees in writing to remain in Government service for 12 months after transfer, unless separated for reasons beyond the control of the employee that are acceptable to the agency concerned" for "between assignments to posts in foreign areas".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 102–138, §147(e)(3), in introductory provisions substituted "dependents (or, to the extent education away from post is involved, official assignment to service in such area or areas)" for "dependents", in subpar. (A) substituted "United States (including such educational services as are provided by the States under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)" for "United States", and in subpar. (B) substituted "postsecondary educational institution education (other than a program of post-baccalaureate education)" for "undergraduate college education" in two places and inserted at end provision defining "educational institution" for purposes of subpar. (B).

**1990**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 101–510 inserted at end "Notwithstanding section 1217(d) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (22 U.S.C. 3657(d)), for the purposes of this paragraph, the term 'foreign area' includes the Republic of Panama."

**1986**—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 99–251 inserted ", its territories or possessions, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements".

**1982**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 3324(a) and (b)" for "section 529".

**1980**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 96–465, §2307, inserted "or authorized" after "compelled" and "or who requests such an allowance because of special needs or hardship involving the employee or the employee's spouse or dependents" after "of the Government,".

Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 96–465, §2308, substituted "one annual trip each way for each dependent" for "(i) in the case of dependents traveling to obtain secondary education, one annual trip, or in the case of dependents traveling to obtain undergraduate college education, two annual trips, each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State, of the International Communication Agency, of the Department of Justice, of the Agency for International Development, of the Central Intelligence Agency, or of the National Security Agency, or (ii) or one trip each way for each dependent of any other employee, for the purpose of obtaining each type of education".

**1979**—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 96–132 inserted reference to the Department of Justice.

Pub. L. 96–100 inserted provisions relating to applicability to dependents of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency.

Pub. L. 96–53 substituted "(i) in the case of dependents traveling to obtain secondary education, one annual trip, or in the case of dependents traveling to obtain undergraduate college education, two annual trips, each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State, of the International Communication Agency, or of the Agency for International Development, or (ii)" for "one annual trip each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State or the United States Information Agency, or".

**1975**—Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 94–141 expanded applicability to include costs incurred in the United States prior to departure for a post of assignment in a foreign area.

**1974**—Par. (4)(B). Pub. L. 93–475 substituted "one annual trip each way for each dependent of an employee of the Department of State or the United States Information Agency, or one trip each way for each dependent of any other employee," for "one trip each way for each dependent".

**1973**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 93–126 inserted "kindergarten," before "elementary".

**1971**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 92–187 substituted "the employee's post" for "his post" and "the employee's spouse or" for "his wife or his".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96–53, set out as a note under section 2151 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Secretary of State empowered to prescribe regulations governing travel expenses for dependents of certain employees, see section 1(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 10903, Jan. 11, 1961, 26 F.R. 217, set out as a note under section 5921 of this title.

(a) A post differential may be granted on the basis of conditions of environment which differ substantially from conditions of environment in the continental United States and warrant additional pay as a recruitment and retention incentive. A post differential may be granted to an employee officially stationed in the United States who is on extended detail in a foreign area. A post differential under this subsection may not exceed 35 percent of the rate of basic pay.

(b) Any employee granted a differential under subsection (a) of this section may be granted an additional differential for an assignment to a post determined to have especially adverse conditions of environment which warrant additional pay as a recruitment and retention incentive for the filling of positions at that post. An additional differential for any employee under this subsection—

(1) may be paid for each assignment to a post determined to have such conditions;

(2) may be paid periodically or in a lump sum; and

(3) may not exceed 15 percent of the rate of basic pay of that employee for the period served under that assignment.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2309, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2165; Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title V, §591(a), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 109–140, §4(b), Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2651.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3038. | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §231, 74 Stat. 795. |


In the last sentence, the words "Additional compensation paid as" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–140 struck out "25 percent of the rate of basic pay or, in the case of an employee of the United States Agency for International Development," after "may not exceed" in last sentence.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–199 inserted "or, in the case of an employee of the United States Agency for International Development, 35 percent of the rate of basic pay" after "25 percent of the rate of basic pay".

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted "under this subsection" before "may not exceed", and added subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title V, §591(c), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 207, which provided that except for employees of the United States Agency for International Development stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan, the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b), amending this section and section 5928 of this title, would not take effect until the same authority was enacted for employees of the Department of State, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–140, §4(a), Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2651.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 109–140, §4(d), Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2651, provided that: "The Secretary of State shall inform the Committee on International Relations [now Committee on Foreign Affairs] of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of the criteria to be used in determinations of appropriate adjustments in post differentials under section 5925(a) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (b), and danger pay allowances under section 5928 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (c)."

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1093, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1487, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) it was performed as an employee—

"(A) in connection with Operation Desert Storm;

"(B) during the Persian Gulf conflict;

"(C) at a post within the area designated by the President, in Executive Order 12744 [26 U.S.C. 112 note], as a 'combat zone' for purposes of section 112 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 112]; and

"(D) while a differential under section 5925(a) of title 5, United States Code, was authorized with respect to such post; and

"(2) no differential under such section 5925(a) was granted to such employee for such service.

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) the term 'employee' has the meaning given such term by section 5921(3) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'Operation Desert Storm' has the meaning given such term by section 3(1) of the Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–25] (10 U.S.C. 101 note); and

"(3) the term 'Persian Gulf conflict' means the period beginning on August 2, 1990, and ending on June 2, 1991."

(a) Under regulations prescribed pursuant to this subchapter, and notwithstanding subchapter V of chapter 55 of this title or any other law, the head of an agency may, on request of an employee serving in a foreign area—

(1) at an isolated post performing functions required to be maintained on a substantially continuous basis, grant the employee compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent in regularly scheduled overtime work; or

(2) at a post in a locality that customarily observes irregular hours of work or where other special conditions are present, in order to cope with those special circumstances, grant the employee compensatory time off for an equal amount of time spent in regularly scheduled overtime work for use during the pay period in which it is earned.

Credit for compensatory time off earned under paragraph (2) shall not form the basis for any additional compensation.

(b) Compensatory time earned under this section shall be for use only while the employee is assigned to the post where it is earned. Any such compensatory time not used at the time the employee is reassigned to another post shall be forfeited.

(Added Pub. L. 95–426, title IV, §411(a), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 980.)

(a) Up to three months' pay may be paid in advance—

(1) to an employee upon the assignment of the employee to a post in a foreign area;

(2) to an employee, other than an employee appointed under section 303 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (and employed under section 311 of such Act), who—

(A) is a citizen of the United States;

(B) is officially stationed or located outside the United States pursuant to Government authorization; and

(C) requires (or has a family member who requires) medical treatment outside the United States, in circumstances specified by the President in regulations; and

(3) to an employee compensated pursuant to section 408 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, who—

(A) pursuant to United States Government authorization is located outside the country of employment; and

(B) requires medical treatment outside the country of employment in circumstances specified by the President in regulations.

(b) For the purpose of this section, the term "country of employment", as used with respect to an individual under subsection (a)(3), means the country (or other area) outside the United States where such individual is hired (as described in subsection (a)(3)) by the Government.

(Added Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2310(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2166; amended Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §337], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–442; Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §320, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1380.)

Sections 303, 311, and 408 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), (3), are classified to sections 3943, 3951, and 3968, respectively, of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–228, §320(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "to a foreign national employee appointed under section 303 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, or a nonfamily member United States citizen appointed under such section 303 (and employed under section 311 of such Act) for service at such nonfamily member's post of residence, who—

"(A) is located outside the country of employment of such foreign national employee or nonfamily member (as the case may be) pursuant to Government authorization; and

"(B) requires medical treatment outside the country of employment of such foreign national employee or nonfamily member (as the case may be), in circumstances specified by the President in regulations."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–228, §320(2), substituted "hired" for "appointed".

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–113 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Up to three months' pay may be paid in advance to an employee upon the assignment of the employee to a post in a foreign area."

Section effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as a note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

An employee serving in a foreign area may be granted a danger pay allowance on the basis of civil insurrection, civil war, terrorism, or wartime conditions which threaten physical harm or imminent danger to the health or well-being of the employee. A danger pay allowance may not exceed 35 percent of the basic pay of the employee, except that if an employee is granted an additional differential under section 5925(b) of this title with respect to an assignment, the sum of that additional differential and any danger pay allowance granted to the employee with respect to that assignment may not exceed 35 percent of the basic pay of the employee. The presence of nonessential personnel or dependents shall not preclude payment of an allowance under this section. In each instance where an allowance under this section is initiated or terminated, the Secretary of State shall inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of the action taken and the circumstances justifying it.

(Added Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2311(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2166; amended Pub. L. 98–164, title I, §131, Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1028; Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title V, §591(b), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 109–140, §4(c), Dec. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2651.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–140 substituted "35 percent of the basic pay of the employee" for "25 percent of the basic pay of the employee or 35 percent of the basic pay of the employee in the case of an employee of the United States Agency for International Development" in two places.

**2004**—Pub. L. 108–199 inserted "or 35 percent of the basic pay of the employee in the case of an employee of the United States Agency for International Development" after "25 percent of the basic pay of the employee" in two places.

**1983**—Pub. L. 98–164 inserted provision that presence of nonessential personnel or dependents shall not preclude payment of an allowance under this section, and that each instance where an allowance under this section is initiated or terminated, the Secretary of State shall inform the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate of action taken and circumstances justifying it.

Section effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as a note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §151, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 42, as amended by Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title I, §11005, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1817; Pub. L. 116–260, div. B, title II, §221, Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 1266, provided that: "The Secretary of State may not deny a request by the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or the United States Marshals Service to authorize a danger pay allowance (under section 5928 of title 5, United States Code) for any employee of such agency."

Pub. L. 98–533, title III, §304, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2711, provided that: "In recognition of the current epidemic of worldwide terrorist activity and the courage and sacrifice of employees of United States agencies overseas, civilian as well as military, it is the sense of Congress that the provisions of section 5928 of title 5, United States Code, relating to the payment of danger pay allowance, should be more extensively utilized at United States missions abroad."

Pub. L. 106–567, title IV, §406, Dec. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 2849, as amended by Pub. L. 107–108, title IV, §404, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1404, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) designate as qualified employees within the meaning of subsection (b) of that section appropriate categories of employees not otherwise covered by that subsection; and

"(2) use appropriated funds available to the Director to reimburse employees within categories so designated for 100 percent of the costs incurred by such employees for professional liability insurance in accordance with subsection (a) of that section.

"(b)

[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a) and (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §348], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–33, provided that: "In addition to the authority provided in section 636 of the Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriations Act, 1997, as included in Public Law 104–208, title I, section 101(f), as amended [set out as a note below], beginning in fiscal year 2001 and thereafter, amounts appropriated for salaries and expenses for the Department of Transportation may be used to reimburse an employee whose position is that of safety inspector for not to exceed one-half the costs incurred by such employee for professional liability insurance. Any payment under this section shall be contingent upon the submission of such information or documentation as the Department may require."

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §636], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–363, as amended by Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §644], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–526; Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §642(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 477; Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title IV, §429(a), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2151; Pub. L. 116–283, div. C, title XXXI, §3143, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 4386, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) a law enforcement officer;

"(2) a supervisor or management official; or

"(3) a temporary fire line manager.

"(c)

"(1) the term 'agency' means an Executive agency, as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code, any agency or court in the Judicial Branch, and any agency of the Legislative Branch of Government including any office or committee of the Senate or the House of Representatives;

"(2) the term 'law enforcement officer' means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily the investigation, apprehension, prosecution, detention, or supervision of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States, including any law enforcement officer under section 8331(20) or 8401(17) of such title 5, any special agent under section 203 of the Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 (22 U.S.C. 4823), or any nuclear materials courier (as defined in section 8331(27) of such title 5);

"(3) the terms 'supervisor' and 'management official' have the respective meanings given them by section 7103(a) of such title 5, and, with regard to the Judicial Branch, mean a justice or judge of the United States as defined in 28 U.S.C. 451 in regular active service or retired from regular active service, other judicial officers as authorized by the Judicial Conference of the United States, and supervisors and managers within the Judicial Branch as authorized by the Judicial Conference of the United States;

"(4) the term 'professional liability insurance' means insurance which provides coverage for—

"(A) legal liability for damages due to injuries to other persons, damage to their property, or other damage or loss to such other persons (including the expenses of litigation and settlement) resulting from or arising out of any tortious act, error, or omission of the covered individual (whether common law, statutory, or constitutional) while in the performance of such individual's official duties as a qualified employee; and

"(B) the cost of legal representation for the covered individual in connection with any administrative or judicial proceeding (including any investigation or disciplinary proceeding) relating to any act, error, or omission of the covered individual while in the performance of such individual's official duties as a qualified employee, and other legal costs and fees relating to any such administrative or judicial proceeding; and

"(5) notwithstanding the definition of the terms 'supervisor' and 'management official' under section 7103(a) of title 5, United States Code, the term 'temporary fire line manager' means an employee of the Forest Service or the Department of the Interior, whose duties include, as determined by the employing agency—

"(A) temporary supervision or management of personnel engaged in wildland or managed fire activities;

"(B) providing analysis or information that affects a decision by a supervisor or manager about a wildland or managed fire; or

"(C) directing the deployment of equipment for a wildland or managed fire.

"(d)

[Pub. L. 110–161, div. F, title IV, §429(b), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2152, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 101(f) [title VI, §636] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out above] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 26, 2007]."]

[Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §642(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 477, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 101(f) [title VI, §636] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out above] shall take effect on October 1, 1999, or the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 1999], whichever is later."]

(a) Appropriations or funds available to an Executive agency, except a Government controlled corporation, for pay of employees stationed outside the continental United States or in Alaska whose rates of basic pay are fixed by statute, are available for allowances to these employees. The allowance is based on—

(1) living costs substantially higher than in the District of Columbia;

(2) conditions of environment which differ substantially from conditions of environment in the continental United States and warrant an allowance as a recruitment incentive; or

(3) both of these factors.

The allowance may not exceed 25 percent of the rate of basic pay. Except as otherwise specifically authorized by statute, the allowance is paid only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President establishing the rates and defining the area, groups of positions, and classes of employees to which each rate applies. Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this subsection, the cost-of-living allowance rate based on paragraph (1) shall be the cost-of-living allowance rate in effect on the date of enactment of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009, except as adjusted under subsection (c).

(b) This section shall apply only to areas that are designated as cost-of-living allowance areas as in effect on December 31, 2009.

(c)(1) The cost-of-living allowance rate payable under this section shall be adjusted on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after—

(A) January 1, 2010; and

(B) January 1 of each calendar year in which a locality-based comparability adjustment takes effect under paragraphs (2) and (3), respectively, of section 1914 of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009.

(2)(A) In this paragraph, the term "applicable locality-based comparability pay percentage" means, with respect to calendar year 2010 and each calendar year thereafter, the applicable percentage under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of section 1914 of Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009.

(B) Each adjusted cost-of-living allowance rate under paragraph (1) shall be computed by—

(i) subtracting 65 percent of the applicable locality-based comparability pay percentage from the cost-of-living allowance percentage rate in effect on December 31, 2009; and

(ii) dividing the resulting percentage determined under clause (i) by the sum of—

(I) one; and

(II) the applicable locality-based comparability payment percentage expressed as a numeral.

(3) No allowance rate computed under paragraph (2) may be less than zero.

(4) Each allowance rate computed under paragraph (2) shall be paid as a percentage of basic pay (including any applicable locality-based comparability payment under section 5304 or similar provision of law and any applicable special rate of pay under section 5305 or similar provision of law).

(d) An employee entitled to a cost-of-living allowance under section 5924 of this title may not be paid an allowance under subsection (a) of this section based on living costs substantially higher than in the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1912(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2620.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118h. | Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, §207, 62 Stat. 194. | |

June 30, 1948, ch. 775, §104, 62 Stat. 1205. |


The section is reorganized and restated for clarity and conciseness.

The word "allowances" is substituted for "additional compensation" as a more apt term and for consistency.

In subsection (a), the words "Executive agency" are substituted for "executive departments, independent establishments, and wholly owned Government corporations" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. The exception of a "Government controlled corporation" is added to preserve the application to "wholly owned Government corporation".

Subsection (b) is based on the second proviso of former section 118h and is restated to reflect the provisions of sections 511(b), (c)(7) and 521 of the Act of Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, 74 Stat. 800–802. The reference to section 204 of the Act of Apr. 20, 1948, is omitted as obsolete, since the section was applicable only to fiscal year 1949.

The last proviso of former section 118h which provided the effective date of the section is omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The date of enactment of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–84, which was approved Oct. 28, 2009.

Section 1914 of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B), (2)(A), is section 1914 of Pub. L. 111–84, which is set out in a Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance note under section 5304 of this title.

**2009**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(b)(1), inserted at end "Notwithstanding any preceding provision of this subsection, the cost-of-living allowance rate based on paragraph (1) shall be the cost-of-living allowance rate in effect on the date of enactment of the Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance Act of 2009, except as adjusted under subsection (c)."

Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 111–84, §1912(b)(2), (3), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–84 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2010, with transition and savings provisions, see sections 1914, 1915, and 1919(b) of Pub. L. 111–84, set out in a Non-Foreign Area Retirement Equity Assurance note under section 5304 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–141, title IV, §1, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 861, as amended by Pub. L. 103–329, title V, §532, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2413; Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §5, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §515, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306, provided that: "The allowances provided to employees at rates set under section 5941 of title 5, United States Code, and Executive Order Numbered 10000 [set out below] as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 1991] may not be reduced during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act through December 31, 2000: *Provided*, That no later than March 1, 2000, the Office of Personnel Management shall conduct a study and submit a report to the Congress proposing appropriate changes in the method of fixing compensation for affected employees, including any necessary legislative changes. Such study shall include—

"(1) an examination of the pay practices of other employers in the affected areas;

"(2) a consideration of alternative approaches to dealing with the unusual and unique circumstances of the affected areas, including modifications to the current methodology for calculating allowances to take into account all cost of living in the geographic areas of the affected employee; and

"(3) an evaluation of the likely impact of the different approaches on the Government's ability to recruit and retain a well-qualified workforce.

For the purpose of conducting such study and preparing such report, the Office may accept and utilize (without regard to any restriction on unanticipated travel expenses imposed in an Appropriations Act) funds made available to the Office pursuant to court approval."

Ex. Ord. No. 10000, Sept. 16, 1948, 13 F.R. 5453, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10636, Sept. 16, 1955, 20 F.R. 7025; Ex. Ord. No. 11938, Sept. 29, 1976, 41 F.R. 43383; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055; Ex. Ord. No. 12510, Apr. 17, 1985, 50 F.R. 15535; Ex. Ord. No. 13207, Apr. 5, 2001, 66 F.R. 18399, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 207 of the Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949, approved April 20, 1948 (Public Law 491, 80th Congress), as amended by section 104 of the Supplemental Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949, approved June 30, 1948 (Public Law 862, 80th Congress), and by sections 303, 443, and 853 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 1002, 1006, 1024), and as President of the United States, I hereby prescribe the following regulations (1) governing the payment of additional compensation to personnel of the United States employed outside the continental United States or in Alaska, under the provisions of the said section 207, as amended, (2) governing the payment of salary differentials to Foreign Service staff officers and employees serving at certain posts, pursuant to the said section 443, and (3) relating to unhealthful foreign posts, pursuant to the said section 853:

(b) Subject to the provisions of section 105(a) hereof, the classes of persons eligible to receive the foreign post differentials fixed pursuant to section 102 hereof shall include:

(1) Persons recruited or transferred from the United States.

(2) Persons employed locally but (a) who were originally recruited from the United States and have been in substantially continuous employment by other Federal agencies, United States firms, interests, or organizations, international organizations in which the United States Government participates, or foreign governments, and whose conditions of employment provide for their return transportation to the United States, or (b) who were at the time of employment temporarily absent from the United States for purposes of travel or formal study and maintained residence in the United States during such temporary absence. When used in a geographical sense in section 105(b) hereof, "United States" includes the areas included within the definition of non-foreign areas as set forth in section 201 hereof.

(3) Persons who are not normally residents of the area concerned and who are discharged from the military service of the United States in such area to accept employment therein with an agency of the Federal Government.

(a) The following regulations shall govern the payment of foreign post differentials under this Part:

(1) Payments shall begin as of the date of arrival at the post on assignment or transfer and shall end as of the date of departure from the post for separation or transfer, except that in case of local recruitment such payments shall begin and end as of the beginning and the end of employment, respectively.

(2) Payments for periods of leave and of detail shall begin and end as determined in regulations prescribed under section 102(c) hereof.

(3) Payments to persons serving on a part-time basis shall be pro-rated to cover only those periods of time for which such persons receive basic compensation.

(4) Payment shall not be made for any time for which an employee does not receive basic compensation.

*Provided*, That this section shall not be construed to prevent any payment, under section 204 of said Independent Offices Appropriation Act, 1949, or under other appropriate authority.

(b) Subject to the provisions of section 204(a) hereof, the classes of persons eligible to receive the non-foreign area post differentials fixed pursuant to section 202 hereof shall include:

(1) Persons recruited or transferred from outside the area concerned.

(2) Persons employed in the area concerned but (a) who were originally recruited from outside such area and have been in substantially continuous employment by other Federal agencies, contractors of Federal agencies, or international organizations in which the U. S. Government participates, and whose conditions of employment provide for their return transportation to places outside the area concerned, or (b) who were at the time of employment temporarily present in the area concerned for purposes of travel or formal study and maintained residence outside such area during the period so present.

(3) Persons who are not normally residents of the area concerned and who are discharged from the military service of the United States in such area to accept employment therein with an agency of the Federal Government.

(a) The following regulations shall govern the payment of non-foreign area post differentials and non-foreign area cost-of-living allowances under this Part:

(1) Payments shall begin as of the date of arrival at the post on assignment or transfer and shall end as of the date of departure from the post for separation or transfer, except that in case of local recruitment such payments shall begin and end as of the beginning and end of employment, respectively.

(2) Payments for periods of leave and of detail shall begin and end as determined in regulations prescribed under section 202(c) hereof.

(3) Payments to persons serving on a part-time basis shall be prorated to cover only those periods of time for which such persons receive basic compensation.

(4) Payment shall not be made for any time for which an employee does not receive basic compensation.

*Provided*, That the rate of such additional compensation may be reduced gradually.

[Part IV relating to Foreign Service salary differentials terminated June 30, 1951, pursuant to section 404 of this Executive Order.]

[Part V relating to Unhealthful Posts terminated June 30, 1951, pursuant to section 503 of this Executive Order.]

Ex. Ord. No. 12070, June 30, 1978, 43 F.R. 28977, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which related to suspension of certain requirements in determination of cost of living allowance rates, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12510, Apr. 17, 1985, 50 F.R. 15535.

(a) Notwithstanding section 5536 of this title, an employee of an Executive department or an independent establishment who is assigned to duty, except temporary duty, at a site so remote from the nearest established communities or suitable places of residence as to require an appreciable degree of expense, hardship, and inconvenience, beyond that normally encountered in metropolitan commuting, on the part of the employee in commuting to and from his residence and such worksite, is entitled, in addition to pay otherwise due him, to an allowance of not to exceed $10 a day. The allowance shall be paid under regulations prescribed by the President establishing the rates at which the allowance will be paid and defining and designating those sites, areas, and groups of positions to which the rates apply.

(b) Under procedures prescribed by the President, the maximum allowance specified in subsection (a) may be adjusted from time to time in the interest of recruiting and retaining employees for performance of duty at remote worksites.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(41), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 91–656, §6(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1953; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1662.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 70c. | Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88–538, §1, 78 Stat. 745. |


The words "of the United States" are omitted as unnecessary because of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
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5942 | 5 App.: 70c. | Mar. 31, 1966, Pub. L. 89–383, §1, 80 Stat. 98. |


**1990**—Pub. L. 101–510 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

**1971**—Pub. L. 91–656 substituted "duty at remote worksites" for "duty on California offshore islands or at Nevada Test Site" in section catchline and assignment to duty "at a site so remote from the nearest established communities or suitable places of residence as to require an appreciable degree of expense, hardship, and inconvenience, beyond that normally encountered in metropolitan commuting, on the part of the employee in commuting to and from his residence and such worksite" for assignment to duty "on one of the California offshore islands or at the United States Atomic Energy Commission Nevada Test Site, including the Nuclear Rocket Development Station", inserted reference to employee "of an Executive department or an independent establishment" and provision for designation by regulation of sites to which the rates apply.

Pub. L. 91–656, §6(b), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1954, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 5536 of title 5, United States Code, and the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section], and until the effective date of regulations prescribed by the President under such amendment—

"(1) allowances may be paid to employees under section 5942 of title 5, United States Code, and the regulations prescribed by the President under such section, as in effect immediately prior to the effective date of this section [Jan. 8, 1971]; and

"(2) such regulations may be amended or revoked in accordance with such section 5942 as in effect immediately prior to the effective date of this section [Jan. 8, 1971]."

Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1116, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1955, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Authority of President under this section to prescribe regulations establishing rates at which an allowance based on duty (except temporary duty) at remote worksites will be paid and defining and designating sites, areas, and groups of positions to which rates apply delegated to Office of Personnel Management, see section 8(3) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

(a) Notwithstanding section 5536 of this title, and under regulations prescribed by the President, an employee of an Executive agency (other than a Government corporation) who is assigned to a post of duty at Johnston Island, a possession of the United States in the Pacific Ocean, is entitled to receive a separate maintenance allowance if the head of the employing agency finds that—

(1) it is necessary for the employee to maintain the employee's spouse or dependents, or both, at a location other than Johnston Island—

(A) by reason of dangerous or adverse living conditions at Johnston Island; or

(B) for the convenience of the Federal Government; and

(2) the allowance is needed to help the employee meet the additional expenses involved in maintaining the employee's spouse or dependents, or both, at such other location rather than at the post.

(b) The regulations prescribed by the President shall include provisions for determining the rate at which an allowance under this section shall be paid.

(Added Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1092(a)(1), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1486.)

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title X, §1092(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1487, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1991]."

Authority of President under this section to prescribe regulations delegated to the Office of Personnel Management by section 8(4) of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

(a) The President, under such regulations as he may prescribe, may meet losses sustained by employees and members of the uniformed services while serving in a foreign country due to the appreciation of foreign currency in its relation to the American dollar. Allowances and expenditures under this section are not subject to income taxes.

(b) Annual appropriations are authorized to carry out subsection (a) of this section and to cover any deficiency in the accounts of the Secretary of the Treasury, including interest, arising out of the arrangement approved by the President on July 27, 1933, for the conversion into foreign currency of checks and drafts of employees and members of the uniformed services for pay and expenses.

(c) Payment under subsection (a) of this section may not be made to an employee or member of a uniformed service for a period during which his check or draft was converted into foreign currency under the arrangement referred to by subsection (b) of this section.

(d) The President shall report annually to Congress all expenditures made under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 513; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(37), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 118c. | Mar. 26, 1934, ch. 87, 48 Stat. 466. | |

Aug. 14, 1937, ch. 627, 50 Stat. 641. | ||

Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §301(87), 64 Stat. 843. |


The section is reorganized and restated for clarity and conciseness.

In subsection (a), the words "notwithstanding the provisions of any other Act" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "Secretary of the Treasury" are substituted for "Treasurer of the United States" on authority of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26 §§1, 2, eff. July 31, 1950, 64 Stat. 1280. The words "Provided, That such action as the President may take shall be binding upon all executive officers of the Government" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(37)(A), struck out provision relating to recommendation of the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to the President.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(37)(B), substituted "President" for "Director of the Bureau of the Budget".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Authority of President under subsec. (a) of this section to make recommendations concerning meeting of losses sustained by employees and members of uniformed services while serving in a foreign country due to appreciation of foreign currency in its relation to American dollar and under subsec. (d) of this section to report annually to Congress on expenditures made under subsec. (d) of this section, delegated to Secretary of the Treasury, see section 2 of Ex. Ord. No. 11609, July 22, 1971, 36 F.R. 13747, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 513, authorized head of Executive department or military department which maintained a permanent staff of employees in foreign countries to pay burial expenses and expenses in connection with last illness and death of a native employee of his department in a country in which Secretary of State determined it was customary for employers to pay these expenses, and in foreign countries in which custom did not exist, on finding that immediate family of deceased was destitute, he could pay such of expenses as employee in charge of the office abroad in which deceased was employed considered proper. See section 3968(a)(1) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia who is required to serve as a notary public in connection with the performance of official business is entitled to an allowance, established by the agency concerned, not in excess of the expense required to obtain the commission. Funds available to an agency concerned for personal services or general administrative expenses are available to carry out this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 514.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 70a. | July 11, 1956, ch. 554, §1, 70 Stat. 519. | |

5 U.S.C. 70b. | July 11, 1956, ch. 554, §2, 70 Stat. 520. |


In the first sentence, the words "to be incurred by them in order" are omitted as surplusage. The words "from and after January 1, 1955" are omitted as obsolete.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Except as authorized by a specific appropriation, by express terms in a general appropriation, or by sections 4109 and 4110 of this title, appropriated funds may not be used for payment of—

(1) membership fees or dues of an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia in a society or association; or

(2) expenses of attendance of an individual at meetings or conventions of members of a society or association.

This section does not prevent the use of appropriations for the Department of Agriculture for expenses incident to the delivery of lectures, the giving of instructions, or the acquiring of information at meetings by its employees on subjects relating to the authorized work of the Department.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 514.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 83. | June 26, 1912, ch. 182, §8, 37 Stat. 184. Mar. 4, 1913, ch. 145 (3d full par. on p. 854), 37 Stat. 854. |


The words "or by sections 4109 and 4110 of this title" are added on authority of former sections 2309 and 2318(b), which are carried into sections 4109 and 4110, respectively.

In the last sentence, the words "This section does not" are substituted for "That nothing contained in the Act making appropriations to provide for the expenses of the Government of the District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, nineteen hundred and thirteen, and for other purposes, approved June twenty-sixth, nineteen hundred and twelve, shall be so construed as to" appearing in the Act of Mar. 4, 1913, 37 Stat. 854.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) An employee of the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, engaged in floating plant operations may be furnished quarters or subsistence, or both, on vessels, without charge, when the furnishing of the quarters or subsistence, or both, is determined to be equitable to the employee concerned, and necessary in the public interest, in connection with such operations.

(b) Notwithstanding section 5536 of this title, an employee entitled to the benefits of subsection (a) of this section while on a vessel, may be paid, in place of these benefits, an allowance for quarters or subsistence, or both, when—

(1) adverse weather conditions or similar circumstances beyond the control of the employee or the Corps of Engineers prevent transportation of the employee from shore to the vessel; or

(2) quarters or subsistence, or both, are not available on the vessel while it is undergoing repairs.

(c) The quarters or subsistence, or both, or allowance in place thereof, may be furnished or paid only under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the Army.

(Added Pub. L. 91–656, §7(a), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1954.)

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and in order to recruit and retain highly qualified Government physicians, the head of an agency, subject to the provisions of this section, section 5307, and such regulations as the President or his designee may prescribe, may enter into a service agreement with a Government physician which provides for such physician to complete a specified period of service in such agency in return for an allowance for the duration of such agreement in an amount to be determined by the agency head and specified in the agreement, but not to exceed—

(1) $14,000 per annum if, at the time the agreement is entered into, the Government physician has served as a Government physician for twenty-four months or less, or

(2) $30,000 per annum if the Government physician has served as a Government physician for more than twenty-four months.

For the purpose of determining length of service as a Government physician, service as a physician under section 4104 or 4114 1 of title 38 or active service as a medical officer in the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service under Title II of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. ch. 6A) shall be deemed service as a Government physician.

(b) An allowance may not be paid pursuant to this section to any physician who—

(1) is employed on less than a half-time or intermittent basis,

(2) occupies an internship or residency training position,

(3) is a reemployed annuitant, or

(4) is fulfilling a scholarship obligation.

(c) The head of an agency, pursuant to such regulations, criteria, and conditions as the President or his designee may prescribe, shall determine categories of positions applicable to physicians in such agency with respect to which there is a significant recruitment and retention problem. Only physicians serving in such positions shall be eligible for an allowance pursuant to this section. The amounts of each such allowance shall be determined by the agency head, subject to such regulations, criteria, and conditions as the President or his designee may prescribe, and shall be the minimum amount necessary to deal with the recruitment and retention problem for each such category of physicians.

(d) Any agreement entered into by a physician under this section shall be for a period of one year of service in the agency involved unless the physician requests an agreement for a longer period of service.

(e) Unless otherwise provided for in the agreement under subsection (f) of this section, an agreement under this section shall provide that the physician, in the event that such physician voluntarily, or because of misconduct, fails to complete at least one year of service pursuant to such agreement, shall be required to refund the total amount received under this section, unless the head of the agency, pursuant to such regulations as may be prescribed under this section by the President or his designee, determines that such failure is necessitated by circumstances beyond the control of the physician.

(f) Any agreement under this section shall specify, subject to such regulations as the President or his designee may prescribe, the terms under which the head of the agency and the physician may elect to terminate such agreement, and the amounts, if any, required to be refunded by the physician for each reason for termination.

(g) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "Government physician" means any individual employed as a physician or dentist who is paid under—

(A) section 5332 of this title, relating to the General Schedule;

(B) Subchapter VIII of chapter 53 of this title, relating to the Senior Executive Service;

(C) section 5371, relating to certain health care positions;

(D) section 3 of the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 (16 U.S.C. 831b), relating to the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(E) chapter 4 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3961 and following), relating to the Foreign Service;

(F) section 10 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 403j),1 relating to the Central Intelligence Agency;

(G) section 1202 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, relating to the Panama Canal Commission;

(H) section 2 of the Act of May 29, 1959 (Public Law 86–36, as amended, 50 U.S.C. 402 note),1 relating to the National Security Agency;

(I) section 5376, relating to certain senior-level positions;

(J) section 5377, relating to critical positions; or

(K) subchapter IX of chapter 53, relating to special occupational pay systems; and

(2) "agency" means an Executive agency, as defined in section 105 of this title, the Library of Congress, and the District of Columbia government.

(h)(1) Any allowance paid under this section shall not be considered as basic pay for the purposes of subchapter VI and section 5595 of chapter 55, chapter 81 or 87 of this title, or other benefits related to basic pay.

(2) Any allowance under this section for a Government physician shall be paid in the same manner and at the same time as the physician's basic pay is paid.

(i) Any regulations, criteria, or conditions that may be prescribed under this section by the President or his designee shall not be applicable to the Tennessee Valley Authority, and the Tennessee Valley Authority shall have sole responsibility for administering the provisions of this section with respect to Government physicians employed by the Authority.

(j) Not later than June 30 of each year, the President shall submit to each House of Congress a written report on the operation of this section. Each report shall include, with respect to the year covered by such report, information as to—

(1) which agencies entered into agreements under this section;

(2) the nature and extent of the recruitment or retention problems justifying the use of authority by each agency under this section;

(3) the number of physicians with whom agreements were entered into by each agency;

(4) the size of the allowances and the duration of the agreements entered into; and

(5) the degree to which the recruitment or retention problems referred to in paragraph (2) were alleviated under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–603, §2(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 3018; amended Pub. L. 96–166, §2, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 97–141, §2, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 98–168, title I, §102(a), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 98–615, title II, §204(a)(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3216; Pub. L. 100–140, §1, Oct. 26, 1987, 101 Stat. 830; Pub. L. 101–420, §1(a), formerly §1, Oct. 12, 1990, 104 Stat. 908, renumbered §1(a), Pub. L. 103–114, §1(b)(2)(A), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(51), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(M), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982; Pub. L. 103–114, §§1(a)(1), 2(a), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115, 1116; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §517(a), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 105–266, §7(a), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title II, §218(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–28; Pub. L. 106–571, §§2(a)(1), (b), 3(d), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3054, 3057.)

Sections 4104 and 4114 of title 38, referred to in subsec. (a), were repealed by Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §401(a)(3), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 210. Subsequently, section 2004 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, was renumbered as section 4104 of Title 38 and a new section 4114 of Title 38 was added. The new sections 4104 and 4114 do not contain the same subject matter as the former sections. For provisions similar to those contained in former sections 4104 and 4114 prior to repeal, see sections 7401 and 7405 to 7407 of Title 38.

The Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act July 1, 1944, ch. 373, 58 Stat. 682, as amended. Title II of the Public Health Service Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§201 et seq.) of chapter 6A of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 201 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (g)(1)(E), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Chapter 4 of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IV (§3961 et seq.) of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

The Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, referred to in (g)(1)(F), is act June 20, 1949, ch. 227, 63 Stat. 208, which was formerly classified generally to section 403a et seq. of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in chapter 46 (§3501 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 10 of the Act, which was renumbered as section 8 of that Act by Pub. L. 85–507, §21(b)(2), July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 337, is now classified to section 3510 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 1202 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (g)(1)(G), is classified to section 3642 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 2 of the Act of May 29, 1959 (Public Law 86–36, as amended, 50 U.S.C. 402 note), referred to in subsec. (g)(1)(H), was formerly set out in a note under section 402 of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1633(b)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2751. Another section 2 of Pub. L. 86–36 was added by Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §433, Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2732, and has been editorially reclassified as section 3602 of Title 50.

**2000**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–571, §2(a)(1), struck out second sentence which read as follows: "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 2005, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 2007."

Pub. L. 106–554 amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 2000, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 2002."

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 106–571, §3(d), substituted "chapter 81 or 87" for "chapter 81, 83, or 87".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106–571, §2(b), in par. (1), substituted "(j)" for "(j)(1)", redesignated subpars. (A) to (E) as pars. (1) to (5), respectively, in par. (5), substituted "paragraph (2)" for "subparagraph (B)", and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "In addition to the information required under paragraph (1), the last report due under this subsection before the expiration of the authority to enter into agreements under this section shall include—

"(A) recommendations as to whether or not such authority should be continued beyond September 30, 2000, and, if so, by what period of time; and

"(B) the reasons for those recommendations."

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–266 substituted "$30,000" for "$20,000".

**1997**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–61, §517(a)(1), substituted "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 2000, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 2002." for "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 1997, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 1999."

Subsec. (j)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–61, §517(a)(2), substituted "September 30, 2000" for "September 30, 1997".

**1993**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–114, §1(a)(1), amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 1993, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 1995."

Subsec. (g)(1)(C) to (L). Pub. L. 103–89 redesignated subpars. (D) to (L) as (C) to (K), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (C) which read as follows: "chapter 54 of this title, relating to the performance management and recognition system;".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 103–114, §2(a), added subsec. (j).

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(51)(A), inserted ", section 5307," after "provisions of this section" in first sentence.

Subsec. (g)(1)(D). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(51)(B)(i), amended subpar. (D) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (D) read as follows: "section 5371 of this title, or similar statutory authority, relating to administratively determined pay for certain specially qualified scientific or professional personnel;".

Subsec. (g)(1)(J) to (L). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(51)(B)(ii)–(iv), added subpars. (J) to (L).

**1990**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–420 added second sentence and struck out former second sentence which read as follows: "No agreement shall be entered into under this section later than September 30, 1990, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 1992."

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–140, §1(a)(3), inserted last sentence.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–140, §1(a)(1), substituted "$14,000" for "$7,000".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–140, §1(a)(2), substituted "$20,000" for "$10,000".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–140, §1(b), substituted "September 30, 1990" for "September 30, 1987" and "September 30, 1992" for "September 30, 1989".

**1984**—Subsec. (g)(1)(C). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "performance management and recognition system" for "Merit Pay System".

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–168 substituted "1987" for "1983", and "1989" for "1985".

**1981**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–141, §2(1), substituted "September 30, 1983, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 1985" for "September 30, 1981, nor shall any agreement cover a period of service extending beyond September 30, 1983".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 97–141, §2(2), (3), reenacted provisions preceding subpar. (A) without change, and in subpar. (F), substituted "chapter 4 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3961 and following)" for "title 4 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U.S.C. 861–890)".

**1979**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–166, §2(1), substituted "September 30, 1981" for "September 30, 1979" and "September 30, 1983" for "September 30, 1981".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 96–166, §2(2)(A), directed the amendment of subsec. (g)(1) by inserting "or dentist" after "physician" which was executed by inserting the term after "employed as a physician" in introductory phrase as the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 96–166, §2(2)(B)–(E), redesignated subpars. (B) through (G) as (D) through (I), respectively, added subpars. (B) and (C), substituted in subpar. (D) as redesignated, "5371" for "5361", and substituted in subpar. (H) as redesignated, "section 1202 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, relating to the Panama Canal Commission; or" for "section 121 of title 2 of the Canal Zone Code, relating to the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal Company; or".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 96–166, §2(3), inserted reference to the Library of Congress.

Section 517(c) of Pub. L. 105–61 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1997]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

Section 205 of Pub. L. 98–615 provided that amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 was effective Oct. 1, 1984, and applicable with respect to pay periods commencing on or after that date, with certain exceptions and qualifications.

Section 3 of Pub. L. 95–603, as amended by Pub. L. 96–166, §4, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1273; Pub. L. 97–141, §3, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 98–168, title I, §102(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 100–140, §1(c), as added Pub. L. 103–114, §1(b)(1), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 101–420, §1(b), as added Pub. L. 103–114, §1(b)(2)(B), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 103–114, §1(a)(2), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §517(b), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(1) [title II, §218(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–28, which provided that this section would be repealed, unless specifically extended by Act of Congress, effective on Sept. 30, 2007, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–571, §2(a)(2), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3054.

Pub. L. 106–571, §1, Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3054, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 8331, 8339, 8401, and 8415 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Amendments of 2000'."

Pub. L. 98–168, title I, §101, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1105, provided that: "This title [amending this section, enacting provisions set out below, and amending provisions set out as a note above] may be cited as the 'Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Amendments of 1983'."

Pub. L. 97–141, §1, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719, provided: "That this Act [amending this section and section 8344 of this title and provisions set out below and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8344 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Amendments of 1981'."

Pub. L. 96–166, §1, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1273, provided: "That this Act [amending this section and section 5383 of this title and provisions set out as a note under this section, and enacting provisions set out below] may be cited as the 'Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Amendments of 1979'."

Pub. L. 95–603, §1, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 3018, provided: "That this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] may be cited as the 'Federal Physicians Comparability Allowance Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 105–266, §7(c), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2370, provided that: "Nothing in this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note below] shall be considered to authorize additional or supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year in which occurs the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1998]."

Pub. L. 103–114, §1(a)(4), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and provisions set out above] shall not be construed to authorize additional or supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993."

Pub. L. 103–114, §1(c), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1116, provided that: "For purposes of applying the amendments made by this section [amending this section and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes above]—

"(1) the provisions of subsection (b)(1) [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes above] shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of subsection (b)(2) [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes above]; and

"(2) the provisions of subsection (b)(2) shall be treated as having been enacted immediately before the provisions of subsection (a) [amending this section and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes above]."

Pub. L. 105–266, §7(b), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 103–114, §1(a)(3), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1115, provided that: "Any service agreement entered into on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1993] pursuant to section 5948 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by paragraph (1), shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts."

Pub. L. 103–114, §2(b), Oct. 26, 1993, 107 Stat. 1116, provided that: "The first report under section 5948(j) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), shall be due not later than June 30, 1994."

Pub. L. 98–168, title I, §103, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1105, provided that any individual whose aggregate pay for fiscal year 1982 exceeded the limitation set forth in section 5383(b) of this title is relieved of all liability to the United States for any amounts paid to such individual in excess of such limitation if, and to the extent that, such liability takes into account any allowance paid under this section, provided for repayment to individuals relieved from liability of amounts already paid, and defined the terms "aggregate pay", "appropriate agency head", and "agency".

Pub. L. 97–141, §4, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719, provided that any service agreement entered into on or after Dec. 29, 1981, pursuant to this section, as amended by section 2 of Pub. L. 97–141, shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, and that the amendments made by Pub. L. 97–141 shall not be construed to authorize additional or supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1982.

Pub. L. 96–166, §5, Dec. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 1273, provided that any service agreement entered into on or after Dec. 29, 1979, pursuant to this section, as amended by section 2 of Pub. L. 96–166, shall be effective only to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts.

Pub. L. 95–603, §2(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 3020, provided that no agreement be entered into under this section before 60th day after Nov. 6, 1978, and that no agreement provide for payment of any allowance under such section for any pay period beginning before later of such 60th day, or Oct. 1, 1978.

Ex. Ord. No. 12109, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1067, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President of the United States of America by Section 5948 of Title 5 and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management is hereby designated and empowered to exercise, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the authority of the President under Section 5948 of Title 5 of the United States Code, to prescribe regulations, criteria, and conditions with regard to the payment of comparability allowances to recruit and retain certain Federal physicians.

1–102. Until the Office of Personnel Management is established (on or before January 1, 1979), pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1978 (43 FR 36037) [set out under section 1101 of this title], the Civil Service Commission shall exercise the authority delegated under this Order to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management.

Jimmy Carter.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The head of an Executive agency may pay an employee hostile fire pay at the rate of $150 for any month in which the employee was—

(1) subject to hostile fire or explosion of hostile mines;

(2) on duty in an area in which the employee was in imminent danger of being exposed to hostile fire or explosion of hostile mines and in which, during the period on duty in that area, other employees were subject to hostile fire or explosion of hostile mines; or

(3) killed, injured, or wounded by hostile fire, explosion of a hostile mine, or any other hostile action.

(b) An employee covered by subsection (a)(3) who is hospitalized for the treatment of his or her injury or wound may be paid hostile fire pay under this section for not more than three additional months during which the employee is so hospitalized.

(c) An employee may be paid hostile fire pay under this section in addition to other pay and allowances to which entitled, except that an employee may not be paid hostile fire pay under this section for periods of time during which the employee receives payment under section 5925 of this title because of exposure to political violence or payment under section 5928 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1111(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238.)

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1111(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1238, as amended by Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title X, §1084(h)(3), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2064, provided that: "Section 5949 of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a), is effective as if enacted into law on September 11, 2001, and may be applied with respect to any hostile action that took place on or after that date."



**1982**—Pub. L. 97–221, §2(b), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 233, inserted "SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS" before item 6101 and inserted "SUBCHAPTER II—FLEXIBLE AND COMPRESSED WORK SCHEDULES" and items 6120 to 6133 after item 6106.

**1972**—Pub. L. 92–392, §7(b), Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573, struck out item 6102 "Eight-hour day; 40-hour work week; wage-board employees".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(1), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 227, added subchapter I heading so as to designate existing provisions as "SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL PROVISIONS".

(a)(1) For the purpose of this subsection, "employee" includes an employee of the government of the District of Columbia and an employee whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time to time under section 5343 or 5349 of this title, or by a wage board or similar administrative authority serving the same purpose, but does not include an employee or individual excluded from the definition of employee in section 5541(2) of this title, except as specifically provided under this paragraph.

(2) The head of each Executive agency, military department, and of the government of the District of Columbia shall—

(A) establish a basic administrative workweek of 40 hours for each full-time employee in his organization; and

(B) require that the hours of work within that workweek be performed within a period of not more than 6 of any 7 consecutive days.

(3) Except when the head of an Executive agency, a military department, or of the government of the District of Columbia determines that his organization would be seriously handicapped in carrying out its functions or that costs would be substantially increased, he shall provide, with respect to each employee in his organization, that—

(A) assignments to tours of duty are scheduled in advance over periods of not less than 1 week;

(B) the basic 40-hour workweek is scheduled on 5 days, Monday through Friday when possible, and the 2 days outside the basic workweek are consecutive;

(C) the working hours in each day in the basic workweek are the same;

(D) the basic nonovertime workday may not exceed 8 hours;

(E) the occurrence of holidays may not affect the designation of the basic workweek; and

(F) breaks in working hours of more than 1 hour may not be scheduled in a basic workday.

(4) Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of this subsection, the head of an Executive agency, a military department, or of the government of the District of Columbia may establish special tours of duty, of not less than 40 hours, to enable employees to take courses in nearby colleges, universities, or other educational institutions that will equip them for more effective work in the agency. Premium pay may not be paid to an employee solely because his special tour of duty established under this paragraph results in his working on a day or at a time of day for which premium pay is otherwise authorized.

(5) The Architect of the Capitol may apply this subsection to employees under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol or the Botanic Garden. The Librarian of Congress may apply this subsection to employees under the Library of Congress.

(b)(1) For the purpose of this subsection, "agency" and "employee" have the meanings given them by section 5541 of this title.

(2) To the maximum extent practicable, the head of an agency shall schedule the time to be spent by an employee in a travel status away from his official duty station within the regularly scheduled workweek of the employee.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, subject to the approval of the President, necessary for the administration of this section insofar as this section affects employees in or under an Executive agency.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(43), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 92–392, §6, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(25), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 944(a). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §604(a), 59 Stat. 303. Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §210, 68 Stat. 1112. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 944(d) (less last 27 words). | June 30, 1945, ch. 212, §604(e) (less last 27 words), 59 Stat. 304. |


In subsection (a), the words "in the departmental and the field services" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsections (a) and (b), the words "an Executive agency, a military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "the several departments and independent establishments and agencies in the executive branch, including Government-owned or controlled corporations" and "such department, establishment, or agency" in view of the definitions in sections 105 and 102. The words "a military department" are included to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301.

Subsection (d) is added on authority of former sections 901(d) and 2358(a) (as applicable to the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended) which are carried into section 5541, and to include individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia as they are not included in the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Subsection (e) is added on authority of former section 945, which is carried into section 5548. The words "an Executive agency" are substituted for "the executive branch of the Government" to conform to the definition in section 105. Applicability of this section to employees of the General Accounting Office is based on former section 933a.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

6101(a) (1)–(3), (5) | 5:6101(a)–(d). | [None.] |

6101(a)(4) | 5 App.: 944(a)(3). | June 29, 1966, Pub. L. 89–478, 80 Stat. 231. |

6101(b) | 5 App.: 912b (last sentence). | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §16, 79 Stat. 1123. |

6101(c) | 5:6101(e). | [None.] |


In subsection (a)(4), the words "without regard to the requirements of such paragraph" are omitted as redundant in view of the words "notwithstanding paragraph (3) of this subsection" at the beginning thereof. The words "an Executive agency, a military department" are coextensive with and substituted for "each such department, establishment, or agency" and to conform to subsections (a)(2) and (a)(3). The words "officers" and "officer" are omitted as included in "employees" and "employee". The word "pay" is substituted for "compensation" to conform to the style of title 5, United States Code.

Subsection (b)(1) is added on authority of former sections 901 and 902 of title 5, which are now codified in 5 U.S.C. 5541.

In subsection (b)(2), the words "head of an agency" are substituted for "head of any department, independent establishment, or agency, including Government-owned or controlled corporations, or of the municipal government of the District of Columbia, or the head of any legislative or judicial agency to which this title applies" to conform to the definition of "agency" in 5 U.S.C. 5541, which is made applicable to this subsection by subsection (b)(1). The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee".

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1975**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "educational" for "education".

**1972**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 92–392 defined "employee" to include an employee whose pay is fixed and adjusted from time to time under section 5343 or 5349 of this title or by a wage board or similar administrative authority serving the same purpose and exclude certain employees "except as specifically provided under this paragraph".

Pub. L. 97–221, §5, July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 234, as amended by Pub. L. 99–69, July 22, 1985, 99 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 99–109, Sept. 30, 1985, 99 Stat. 482; Pub. L. 99–140, Oct. 31, 1985, 99 Stat. 563, which had provided that enactment of subchapter II of this chapter, amendment of sections 3401 and 6106 of this title, and enactment of provisions set out as notes under sections 6101 and 6106 of this title, should not be in effect after Dec. 31, 1985, was repealed by Pub. L. 99–190, §140, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1324, and also by Pub. L. 99–196, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1350.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Pub. L. 97–221, §1, July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 227, provided: "That this Act [enacting subchapter II of this chapter, amending sections 3401 and 6106 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 6106 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Flexible and Compressed Work Schedules Act of 1982'."

Pub. L. 95–390, §§1–306, Sept. 29, 1978, 92 Stat. 755–762, as amended by Pub. L. 97–160, Mar. 26, 1982, 96 Stat. 21, provided that:

"

"

"(1) the term 'agency' means an Executive agency and a military department (as such terms are defined in sections 105 and 102, respectively, of title 5, United States Code);

"(2) the term 'employ' has the meaning given it by section 2105 of title 5, United States Code;

"(3) the term 'Commission' means the United States Civil Service Commission; and

"(4) the term 'basic work requirement' means the number of hours, excluding overtime hours, which an employee is required to work or is required to account for by leave or otherwise.

"(2) Each agency may conduct one or more experiments under titles I and II of this Act. Such experiments shall be subject to such regulations as the Commission may prescribe under section 305 of this Act.

"(b) The Commission shall, not later than 90 days after the effective date of this section, establish a master plan which shall contain guidelines and criteria by which the Commission will study and evaluate experiments conducted under titles I and II of this Act. Such master plan shall provide for the study and evaluation of experiments within a sample of organizations of different size, geographic location, and functions and activities, sufficient to insure adequate evaluation of the impact of varied work schedules on—

"(1) the efficiency of Government operations;

"(2) mass transit facilities and traffic;

"(3) levels of energy consumption;

"(4) service to the public;

"(5) increased opportunities for full-time and part-time employment; and

"(6) individuals and families generally.

"(c) The Commission shall provide educational material, and technical aids and assistance, for use by an agency before and during the period such agency is conducting experiments under this Act [enacting section 5550a of this title and this note].

"(d) If the head of an agency determines that the implementation of an experimental program referred to in subsection (a) would substantially disrupt the agency in carrying out its functions, such agency head shall request the Commission to exempt such agency from the requirements of any experiment conducted by the Commission under subsection (a). Such request shall be accompanied by a report detailing the reasons for such determination. The Commission shall exempt an agency from such requirements only if it finds that including the agency within the experiment would not be in the best interest of the public, the Government, or the employees. The filing of such a request with the Commission shall exclude the agency from the experiment until the Commission has made its determination or until 180 days after the date the request is filed, whichever first occurs.

"(1) the term 'credit hours' means any hours, within a flexible schedule established under this title, which are in excess of an employee's basic work requirement and which the employee elects to work so as to vary the length of a workweek or a workday; and

"(2) the term 'overtime hours' means all hours in excess of 8 hours in a day or 40 hours in a week which are officially ordered in advance, but does not include credit hours.

"(1) designated hours and days during which an employee on such a schedule must be present for work; and

"(2) designated hours during which an employee on such a schedule may elect the time of such employee's arrival at and departure from work, solely for such purpose or, if and to the extent permitted, for the purpose of accumulating credit hours to reduce the length of the workweek or another workday.

An election by an employee referred to in paragraph (2) shall be subject to limitations generally prescribed to ensure that the duties and requirements of the employee's position are fulfilled.

"(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act [enacting section 5550a of this title and this note], but subject to the terms of any written agreement under section 302(a)—

"(1) any experiment under subsection (a) of this section may be terminated by the Commission if it determines that the experiment is not in the best interest of the public, the Government, or the employees; or

"(2) if the head of an agency determines that any organization within the agency which is participating in an experiment under subsection (a) is being substantially disrupted in carrying out its functions or is incurring additional costs because of such participation, such agency head may—

"(A) restrict the employees' choice of arrival and departure time,

"(B) restrict the use of credit hours, or

"(C) exclude from such experiment any employee or group of employees.

"(c) Experiments under subsection (a) shall terminate not later than the first day of the second pay period beginning after July 4, 1982.

"(1) the head of an agency may, on request of the employee, grant the employee compensatory time off in lieu of payment for such overtime hours, whether or not irregular or occasional in nature and notwithstanding the provisions of sections 5542(a), 5543(a)(1), 5544(a), and 5550 of title 5, United States Code, section 4107(e)(5) of title 38, United States Code section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended [section 207 of Title 29, Labor], or any other provision of law; or

"(2) the employee shall be compensated for such overtime hours in accordance with such provisions, as applicable.

"(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of law referred to in paragraph (1) of subsection (a), an employee shall not be entitled to be compensated for credit hours worked except to the extent authorized under section 106 or to the extent such employee is allowed to have such hours taken into account with respect to the employee's basic work requirement.

"(c)(1) Notwithstanding section 5545(a) of title 5, United States Code, premium pay for nightwork will not be paid to an employee otherwise subject to such section solely because the employee elects to work credit hours, or elects a time of arrival or departure, at a time of day from which such premium pay is otherwise authorized; except that—

"(A) if an employee is on a flexible schedule under which—

"(i) the number of hours during which such employee must be present for work, plus

"(ii) the number of hours during which such employee may elect to work credit hours or elect the time of arrival at and departure from work,

which occur outside of the night work hours designated in or under such section 5545(a) total less than 8 hours, such premium pay shall be paid for those hours which, when combined with such total, do not exceed 8 hours, and

"(B) if an employee is on a flexible schedule under which the hours that such employee must be present for work include any hours designated in or under such section 5545(a), such premium pay shall be paid for such hours so designated.

"(2) Notwithstanding section 5343(f) of title 5, United States Code, and 4107(e)(2) of title 38, United States Code, night differential will not be paid to any employee otherwise subject to either of such sections solely because such employee elects to work credit hours, or elects a time of arrival or departure, at a time of day for which night differential is otherwise authorized; except that such differential shall be paid to an employee on a flexible schedule under this title—

"(A) in the case of an employee subject to such section 5343(f), for which all or a majority of the hours of such schedule for any day fall between the hours specified in such section, or

"(B) in the case of an employee subject to such section 4107(e)(2), for which 4 hours of such schedule fall between the hours specified in such section.

"(b) Any employee who is on a flexible schedule experiment under this title and who is no longer subject to such an experiment shall be paid at such employee's then current rate of basic pay for—

"(1) in the case of a full-time employee, not more than 10 credit hours accumulated by such employee, or

"(2) in the case of a part-time employee, the number of credit hours (not in excess of one-eighth of the hours in such employee's biweekly basic work requirement) accumulated by such employee.

"(1) the term 'compressed schedule' means—

"(A) in the case of a full-time employee, an 80-hour biweekly basic work requirement which is scheduled for less than 10 workdays, and

"(B) in the case of a part-time employee, a biweekly basic work requirement of less than 80 hours which is scheduled for less than 10 workdays; and

"(2) the term 'overtime hours' means any hours in excess of those specified hours which constitute the compressed schedule.

"(b)(1) An employee in a unit with respect to which an organization of Government employees has not been accorded exclusive recognition shall not be required to participate in any experiment under subsection (a) unless a majority of the employees in such unit who, but for this paragraph, would be included in such experiment have voted to be so included.

"(2) Upon written request to any agency by an employee, the agency, if it determines that participation in an experiment under subsection (a) would impose a personal hardship on such employee, shall—

"(A) except such employee from such experiment; or

"(B) reassign such employee to the first position within the agency—

"(i) which becomes vacant after such determination,

"(ii) which is not included within such experiment,

"(iii) for which such employee is qualified, and

"(iv) which is acceptable to the employee.

A determination by an agency under this paragraph shall be made not later than 10 days after the day on which a written request for such determination is received by the agency.

"(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act [enacting section 5550a of this title and this note], but subject to the terms of any written agreement under section 302(a), any experiment under subsection (a) may be terminated by the Commission, or the agency, if it determines that the experiment is not in the best interest of the public, the Government, or the employees.

"(d) Experiments under subsection (a) shall terminate not later than the end of the first day of the second pay period beginning after July 4, 1982.

"(b) In the case of any full-time employee, hours worked in excess of the compressed schedule shall be overtime hours and shall be paid for as provided by whichever statutory provisions referred to in subsection (a) are applicable to the employee. In the case of any part-time employee on a compressed schedule, overtime pay shall begin to be paid after the same number of hours of work after which a full-time employee on a similar schedule would begin to receive overtime pay.

"(c) Notwithstanding section 5544(a), 5546(a), or 5550(1) of title 5, United States Code, or any other applicable provision of law, in the case of any full-time employee on a compressed schedule who performs work (other than overtime work) on a tour of duty for any workday a part of which is performed on a Sunday, such employee is entitled to pay for work performed during the entire tour of duty at the rate of such employee's basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to 25 percent of such basic pay rate.

"(d) Notwithstanding section 5546(b) of title 5, United States Code, an employee on a compressed schedule who performs work on a holiday designated by Federal statute or Executive order is entitled to pay at the rate of such employee's basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to such basic pay rate, for such work which is not in excess of the basic work requirement of such employee for such day. For hours worked on such a holiday in excess of the basic work requirement for such day, the employee is entitled to premium pay in accordance with the provisions of section 5542(a) or 5544(a) of title 5, United States Code, as applicable, or the provisions of section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended [section 207 of Title 29, Labor], whichever provisions are more beneficial to the employee.

"(b) The Commission or an agency may not participate in a flexible or compressed schedule experiment under a negotiated contract which contains premium pay provisions which are inconsistent with the provisions of section 103 or 203 of this Act, as applicable.

"(1) such employee's rights under title I to elect a time of arrival or departure, to work or not to work credit hours, or to request or not to request compensatory time off in lieu of payment for overtime hours; or

"(2) such employee's right under section 202(b)(1) to vote whether or not to be included within a compressed schedule experiment or such employee's right to request an agency determination under section 202(b)(2).

For the purpose of the preceding sentence, the term 'intimidate, threaten, or coerce' includes, but is not limited to, promising to confer or conferring any benefit (such as appointment, promotion, or compensation), or effecting or threatening to effect any reprisal (such as deprivation of appointment, promotion, or compensation).

"(b) Any employee who violates the provisions of subsection (a) shall, upon a final order of the Commission, be—

"(1) removed from such employee's position, in which event that employee may not thereafter hold any position as an employee for such period as the Commission may prescribe;

"(2) suspended without pay from such employee's position for such period as the Commission may prescribe; or

"(3) disciplined in such other manner as the Commission shall deem appropriate.

The commission shall prescribe procedures to carry out this subsection under which an employee subject to removal, suspension, or other disciplinary action shall have rights comparable to the rights afforded an employee subject to removal or suspension under subchapter III of chapter 73 of title 5, United States Code, relating to certain prohibited political activities.

"(1) prepare an interim report containing recommendations as to what, if any, legislative or administrative action shall be taken based upon the results of experiments conducted under this Act [enacting section 5550a of this title and this note], and

"(2) submit copies of such report to the President, the Speaker of the House, and the President pro tempore of the Senate.

The Commission shall prepare a final report with regard to experiments conducted under this Act [enacting section 5550a of this title and this note] and shall submit copies of such report to the President, the Speaker of the House, and the President pro tempore of the Senate not later than 3 years after such effective date.

"(1) the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 29, 1978], or

"(2) October 1, 1978,

whichever date is later."

Pub. L. 97–221, §4, July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 234, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), each flexible or compressed work schedule established by any agency under the Federal Employees Flexible and Compressed Work Schedules Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. 6101 note) in existence on the date of enactment of this Act [July 23, 1982] shall be continued by the agency concerned.

"(b)(1) During the 90-day period after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 23, 1982] any flexible or compressed work schedule referred to in subsection (a) may be reviewed by the agency concerned. If, in reviewing the schedule, the agency determines in writing that—

"(A) the schedule has reduced the productivity of the agency or the level of services to the public, or has increased the cost of the agency operations, and

"(B) termination of the schedule will not result in an increase in the cost of the agency operations (other than a reasonable administrative cost relating to the process of terminating a schedule),

the agency shall, notwithstanding any provision of a negotiated agreement, immediately terminate such schedule and such termination shall not be subject to negotiation or to administrative review (except as the President may provide) or to judicial review.

"(2) If a schedule established pursuant to a negotiated agreement is terminated under paragraph (1), either the agency or the exclusive representative concerned may, by written notice to the other party within 90 days after the date of such termination, initiate collective bargaining pertaining to the establishment of another flexible or compressed work schedule under subchapter II of chapter 61 of title 5, United States Code, which would be effective for the unexpired portion of the term of the negotiated agreement."

Functions vested in Office of Personnel Management under this section insofar as it affects officers and employees in or under the executive branch of the government to be performed without approval of President, see section 1(1) of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 515, provided for eight-hour day and 40-hour workweek for wage-board employees. See sections 5544(a) and 6101(a)(1) of this title.

Repeal effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

(a) The following are legal public holidays:

New Year's Day, January 1.

Birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr., the third Monday in January.

Washington's Birthday, the third Monday in February.

Memorial Day, the last Monday in May.

Juneteenth National Independence Day, June 19.

Independence Day, July 4.

Labor Day, the first Monday in September.

Columbus Day, the second Monday in October.

Veterans Day, November 11.

Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November.

Christmas Day, December 25.

(b) For the purpose of statutes relating to pay and leave of employees, with respect to a legal public holiday and any other day declared to be a holiday by Federal statute or Executive order, the following rules apply:

(1) Instead of a holiday that occurs on a Saturday, the Friday immediately before is a legal public holiday for—

(A) employees whose basic workweek is Monday through Friday; and

(B) the purpose of section 6309 1 of this title.

(2) Instead of a holiday that occurs on a regular weekly non-workday of an employee whose basic workweek is other than Monday through Friday, except the regular weekly non-workday administratively scheduled for the employee instead of Sunday, the workday immediately before that regular weekly nonworkday is a legal public holiday for the employee.

(3) Instead of a holiday that is designated under subsection (a) to occur on a Monday, for an employee at a duty post outside the United States whose basic workweek is other than Monday through Friday, and for whom Monday is a regularly scheduled workday, the legal public holiday is the first workday of the workweek in which the Monday designated for the observance of such holiday under subsection (a) occurs.

This subsection, except subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), does not apply to an employee whose basic workweek is Monday through Saturday.

(c) January 20 of each fourth year after 1965, Inauguration Day, is a legal public holiday for the purpose of statutes relating to pay and leave of employees as defined by section 2105 of this title and individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia employed in the District of Columbia, Montgomery and Prince Georges Counties in Maryland, Arlington and Fairfax Counties in Virginia, and the cities of Alexandria and Falls Church in Virginia. When January 20 of any fourth year after 1965 falls on Sunday, the next succeeding day selected for the public observance of the inauguration of the President is a legal public holiday for the purpose of this subsection.

(d)(1) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the term "compressed schedule" has the meaning given such term by section 6121(5); and

(B) the term "adverse agency impact" has the meaning given such term by section 6131(b).

(2) An agency may prescribe rules under which employees on a compressed schedule may, in the case of a holiday that occurs on a regularly scheduled non-workday for such employees, and notwithstanding any other provision of law or the terms of any collective bargaining agreement, be required to observe such holiday on a workday other than as provided by subsection (b), if the agency head determines that it is necessary to do so in order to prevent an adverse agency impact.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 515; Pub. L. 90–363, §1(a), June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 94–97, Sept. 18, 1975, 89 Stat. 479; Pub. L. 98–144, §1, Nov. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1613, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2739; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1107, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2142; Pub. L. 117–17, §2, June 17, 2021, 135 Stat. 287.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 87. | June 28, 1894, ch. 118, 28 Stat. 96. |

5 U.S.C. 87a. | May 13, 1938, ch. 210, 52 Stat. 351. | |

June 1, 1954, ch. 250, 68 Stat. 168. | ||

5 U.S.C. 87b. | Dec. 26, 1941, ch. 631, 55 Stat. 862. | |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 87c. | Sept. 22, 1959, Pub. L. 86–362, §§1, 2, 73 Stat. 643, 644. |

(c) | [Uncodified]. | Jan. 11, 1957, Pub. L. 85–1, 71 Stat. 3. |


In subsection (a), former sections 87, 87a, and 87b are combined and restated for clarity. The names of all holidays are inserted for ready reference in a like manner to that used in former section 87c.

In subsection (c), the year "1965" is substituted for "1957".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 6309 of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 94–183, §2(26), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058.

**2021**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–17 inserted item relating to Juneteenth National Independence Day.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (3).

**1996**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–201 added subsec. (d).

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–144 inserted item relating to birthday of Martin Luther King, Jr.

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–97 changed Veterans Day from fourth Monday in October to November 11.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–363 added Columbus Day, the second Monday in October, to the enumerated legal public holidays, and substituted provisions that Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, and Veterans Day are to be celebrated on the third Monday in February, the last Monday in May, and the fourth Monday in October, respectively, for provisions that the above mentioned public holidays are to be celebrated on February 22, May 30, and November 11, respectively.

Pub. L. 98–144, §2, Nov. 2, 1983, 97 Stat. 917, provided that: "The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the first January 1 that occurs after the two-year period following the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 1983]."

Pub. L. 94–97 provided that the amendment made by Pub. L. 94–97 is effective Jan. 1, 1978.

Pub. L. 90–363, §2, June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 251, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1971."

Pub. L. 90–363, §1(b), June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 250, provided that: "Any reference in a law of the United States (in effect on the effective date of the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section) [January 1, 1971] to the observance of a legal public holiday on a day other than the day prescribed for the observance of such holiday by section 6103(a) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), shall on and after such effective date be considered a reference to the day for the observance of such holiday prescribed in such amended section 6103(a)."

Ex. Ord. No. 10358, June 9, 1952, 17 F.R. 1529, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11226, May 27, 1965, 30 F.R. 7213; Ex. Ord. No. 11272, Feb. 23, 1966, 31 F.R. 3111, which related to the observance of holidays, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11582, Feb. 11, 1971, 36 F.R. 2957, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11582, Feb. 11, 1971, 36 F.R. 2957, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(a) *Holiday* means the first day of January, the third Monday of February, the last Monday of May, the fourth day of July, the first Monday of September, the second Monday of October, the fourth Monday of October, the fourth Thursday of November, the twenty-fifth day of December, or any other calendar day designated as a holiday by Federal statute or Executive order.

(b) *Workday* means those hours which comprise in sequence the employee's regular daily tour of duty within any 24-hour period, whether falling entirely within one calendar day or not.

(b) Any employee whose basic workweek includes Sunday and who would ordinarily be excused from work on a holiday falling within his basic workweek shall be excused from work on the next workday of his basic workweek whenever a holiday falls on a day that has been administratively scheduled as his *regular* weekly nonworkday in lieu of Sunday.

(a) If a holiday occurs on Sunday, the head of the department shall designate in advance either Sunday or Monday as the employee's holiday and the employee's basic 40-hour tour of duty shall be deemed to include eight hours on the day designated as the employee's holiday.

(b) If a holiday occurs on Saturday, the head of the department shall designate in advance either the Saturday or the preceding Friday as the employee's holiday and the employee's basic 40-hour tour of duty shall be deemed to include eight hours on the day designated as the employee's holiday.

(c) If a holiday occurs on any other day of the week, that day shall be the employee's holiday, and the employee's basic 40-hour tour of duty shall be deemed to include eight hours on that day.

(d) When a holiday is less than a full day, proportionate credit will be given under paragraph (a), (b), or (c) of this section.

*Observance of Holidays by Government Agencies *and amendatory Executive Orders No. 11226 of May 27, 1965, and No. 11272 of February 23, 1966, are revoked.

Richard Nixon.

1 See References in Text note below.

When a regular employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed regularly by the government of the District of Columbia, whose pay is fixed at a daily or hourly rate, or on a piece-work basis, is relieved or prevented from working on a day—

(1) on which agencies are closed by Executive order, or, for individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia, by order of the Mayor;

(2) by administrative order under regulations issued by the President, or, for individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia, by the Council of the District of Columbia; or

(3) solely because of the occurrence of a legal public holiday under section 6103 of this title, or a day declared a holiday by Federal statute, Executive order, or, for individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia, by order of the Mayor;

he is entitled to the same pay for that day as for a day on which an ordinary day's work is performed.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 516; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(15), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(38), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 86a. | June 29, 1938, ch. 818, §1, 52 Stat. 1246. | |

June 11, 1954, ch. 283, 68 Stat. 249. | ||

July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–533, §2, 72 Stat. 377. |


The enumeration of holidays is eliminated as unnecessary in view of section 6103.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner" in pars. (1) and (3), and "Council of the District of Columbia" for "District of Columbia Council" in par. (2).

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Board of Commissioners" in pars. (1) and (3), and "District of Columbia Council" for "Board of Commissioners" in par. (2).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 10552, Aug. 10, 1954, 19 F.R. 5079, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by section 301 of title 3 of the United States Code, 65 Stat. 713, it is declared that the Office of Personnel Management be, and it is hereby, designated and empowered to exercise, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, the authority vested in the President by the joint resolution of June 29, 1938, 52 Stat. 1246, as amended by the act of June 11, 1954, 68 Stat. 249 [this section], to promulgate regulations under which certain employees of the Government may be prevented or relieved from working by administrative order.

An Executive department may not be closed as a mark to the memory of a deceased former official of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 516.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 28. | Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 211, §4, 27 Stat. 715. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

A recording clock may not be used to record time of an employee of an Executive department in the District of Columbia, except that the Bureau of Engraving and Printing may use such recording clocks.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 516; Pub. L. 97–221, §6(a), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 234.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 27. | Feb. 24, 1899, ch. 187, §1 (14th par. on p. 864), 30 Stat. 864. |


The words "District of Columbia" are substituted for "Washington" as a clearer statement.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–221 substituted "District of Columbia, except that the Bureau of Engraving and Printing may use such recording clocks" for "District of Columbia".

Pub. L. 97–221, §6(b), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 234, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1982. Section 5 of this Act [set out in the Termination Date of 1982 Amendment note under section 6101 of this title] shall not apply to the amendment made by this section."

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 227, added subchapter II heading as part of enactment of sections 6120 to 6133 of this title.

The Congress finds that the use of flexible and compressed work schedules has the potential to improve productivity in the Federal Government and provide greater service to the public.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 227.)

Memorandum of President of the United States, July 11, 1994, 59 F.R. 36017, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

In order to recruit and retain a Federal work force that will provide the highest quality of service to the American people, the executive branch must implement flexible work arrangements to create a "family-friendly" workplace. Broad use of flexible work arrangements to enable Federal employees to better balance their work and family responsibilities can increase employee effectiveness and job satisfaction, while decreasing turnover rates and absenteeism. I therefore adopt the National Performance Review's recommendation that a more family-friendly workplace be created by expanding opportunities for Federal workers to participate in flexible work arrangements, consistent with the mission of the executive branch to serve the public.

The head of each executive department or agency (hereafter collectively "agency" or "agencies") is hereby directed to establish a program to encourage and support the expansion of flexible family-friendly work arrangements, including: job sharing; career part-time employment; alternative work schedules; telecommuting and satellite work locations. Such a program shall include:

(1) identifying agency positions that are suitable for flexible work arrangements;

(2) adopting appropriate policies to increase the opportunities for employees in suitable positions to participate in such flexible work arrangements;

(3) providing appropriate training and support necessary to implement flexible work arrangements; and

(4) identifying barriers to implementing this directive and providing recommendations for addressing such barriers to the President's Management Council.

I direct the Director of the Office of Personnel Management ("OPM") and the Administrator of General Services ("GSA") to take all necessary steps to support and encourage the expanded implementation of flexible work arrangements. The OPM and GSA shall work in concert to promptly review and revise regulations that are barriers to such work arrangements and develop legislative proposals, as needed, to achieve the goals of this directive. The OPM and GSA also shall assist agencies, as requested, to implement this directive.

The President's Management Council, in conjunction with the Office of Management and Budget, shall ensure that any guidance necessary to implement the actions set forth in this directive is provided.

Independent agencies are requested to adhere to this directive to the extent permitted by law.

This directive is for the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

The Director of the Office of Management and Budget is authorized and directed to publish this directive in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

Memorandum of President of the United States, June 23, 2014, 79 F.R. 36625, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

To attract, empower, and retain a talented and productive workforce in the 21st century, the Federal Government must continue to make progress in enabling employees to balance their responsibilities at work and at home. We should build on our record of leadership through better education and training, expanded availability of workplace flexibilities and work-life programs, as appropriate, and improved tracking of outcomes and accountability. In doing so, we can help ensure that the Federal workforce is engaged and empowered to deliver exceptional and efficient service to the American public while meeting family and other needs at home.

Therefore, it is the policy of the Federal Government to promote a culture in which managers and employees understand the workplace flexibilities and work-life programs available to them and how these measures can improve agency productivity and employee engagement. The Federal Government must also identify and eliminate any arbitrary or unnecessary barriers or limitations to the use of these flexibilities and develop new strategies consistent with statute and agency mission to foster a more balanced workplace.

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to support executive departments and agencies (agencies) in their efforts to better utilize existing and develop new workplace flexibilities and work-life programs, I hereby direct as follows:

*Right to Request Work Schedule Flexibilities*. (a) Agencies shall make Federal employees aware, on a periodic basis, that they have the right to request work schedule flexibilities available to them under law, pursuant to an applicable collective bargaining agreement, or under agency policy, without fear of retaliation or adverse employment action as a consequence of making such a request.

(b) To facilitate conversations about work schedule flexibilities, each agency shall review, and if necessary amend or establish, procedures within 120 days of the date of this memorandum. Subject to collective bargaining agreements, agency procedures must provide:

(i) employees an ability to request work schedule flexibilities, including telework, part-time employment, or job sharing;

(ii) that, upon receipt of such requests, supervisors (or their designees) should meet or confer directly with the requesting employee as appropriate to understand fully the nature and need for the requested flexibility;

(iii) that supervisors must consider the request and supporting information carefully and respond within 20 business days of the initial request, or sooner if required by agency policy; and

(iv) that the agency should remind employees on a periodic basis of the workplace flexibilities available to them.

(c) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall issue guidance to Chief Human Capital Officers regarding the requirements set forth in this section within 60 days of the date of this memorandum, and shall assist agencies with implementation of this section.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the discretion granted to an employee's supervisor in making a decision on the request for work schedule flexibilities, in accordance with the agency's mission-related requirements.

*Expanding Access to Workplace Flexibilities*. Agency heads shall ensure that the following workplace flexibilities are available to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with the laws and regulations governing these programs and consistent with mission needs:

(a) part-time employment and job sharing, including for temporary periods of time where appropriate;

(b) alternative work schedules, including assurance that core hours are limited only to those hours that are necessary;

(c) break times for nursing mothers and a private space to express milk;

(d) telework;

(e) annual leave and sick leave, including the advancement of leave for employee and family care situations;

(f) sick leave for family care and bereavement;

(g) sick leave to care for a family member with a serious health condition;

(h) sick leave for adoption;

(i) leave pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), including allowing employees to take their FMLA leave intermittently as allowed under the Act, including for childbirth, adoption, and foster care;

(j) leave transfer programs, including leave banks;

(k) bone marrow and organ donor leave; and

(l) leave policies related to domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking situations.

*Expanding Availability and Encouraging Use of Work-Life Programs*. Agency heads are encouraged to take steps to increase the availability and use of the following work-life programs to the maximum extent practicable:

(a) dependent care programs, including the availability of on-site child care, child care subsidies, emergency child care, and elder care;

(b) Employee Assistance Programs, including counseling, resources, and referrals;

(c) support for nursing mothers, including worksite lactation support programs and resources; and

(d) worksite health and wellness programs, and opportunities to utilize those resources.

*Helping Agencies Encourage the Use of Workplace Flexibilities and Work-Life Programs*. The Director of OPM (Director) shall work with agencies to:

(a) provide appropriate education and guidance to all agency employees, including managers and supervisors, on the use of workplace flexibilities and work-life programs as strategic tools to assist with the recruitment and retention of employees, with an emphasis on furthering positive outcomes for employees and the agency that result from optimizing their use;

(b) support agencies in their efforts to develop training programs that educate employees, managers, and supervisors about the resources that are available to meet work-life needs;

(c) support agencies in promoting workplace cultures in which workplace flexibilities and work-life programs are a standard part of operating procedures, and identify any arbitrary, unnecessary, or cultural barriers limiting use;

(d) review the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey data related to supervisor and senior leadership support for work-life, as well as use and satisfaction with alternative work schedules, telework, and work-life programs;

(e) implement the President's Management Agenda efforts in a manner that improves Senior Executive Service focus on creating inclusive work environments where workplace flexibilities and work-life programs are used effectively;

(f) create, annually update, and electronically publish a Workplace Flexibility Index using data from the Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, reporting required by the Telework Enhancement Act of 2010, and other appropriate measures of agencies' effective use of workplace flexibilities;

(g) within 120 days from receipt of the agency reports submitted pursuant to section 5 of this memorandum, prepare a report to the President that includes information on agency best practices with regard to the use of workplace flexibilities, any barriers to or limitations that may unnecessarily restrict the use of existing workplace flexibilities and work-life programs, recommendations for addressing or eliminating such barriers or limitations, proposals for future data reporting, and metrics for tracking the use and cost-benefit of work-life programs; and

(h) review, for the purpose of identifying relevant trends related to workplace flexibility issues, the annual report that agencies provide to OPM under the No FEAR Act, which includes the agency's analysis of violations of antidiscrimination and whistleblower laws, an examination of trends, causal analysis, practical knowledge gained through experience, and any actions planned or taken to improve programs within the agency.

*Agency Review of Workplace Flexibilities and Work-Life Policies and Programs*. Within 120 days of the date of the issuance of guidance pursuant to section 1(c) of this memorandum, each agency shall review its workplace flexibilities and work-life policies and programs to assess whether they are being effectively used to the maximum extent practicable and submit a report to OPM that includes:

(a) any best practices the agency has employed to create a culture and work environment that supports the productive and efficient use of workplace flexibilities and work-life programs; and

(b) any barriers to or limitations that may unnecessarily restrict the use of existing workplace flexibilities and work-life programs and recommendations for addressing or eliminating such barriers or limitations.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law or Executive Order to an agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Director is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

For purposes of this subchapter—

(1) "agency" means any Executive agency, any military department, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, the Architect of the Capitol, and the Botanic Garden;

(2) "employee" has the meaning given the term in subsection (a) of section 2105 of this title, except that such term also includes an employee described in subsection (c) of that section;

(3) "basic work requirement" means the number of hours, excluding overtime hours, which an employee is required to work or is required to account for by leave or otherwise;

(4) "credit hours" means any hours, within a flexible schedule established under section 6122 of this title, which are in excess of an employee's basic work requirement and which the employee elects to work so as to vary the length of a workweek or a workday;

(5) "compressed schedule" means—

(A) in the case of a full-time employee, an 80-hour biweekly basic work requirement which is scheduled for less than 10 workdays, and

(B) in the case of a part-time employee, a biweekly basic work requirement of less than 80 hours which is scheduled for less than 10 workdays;

(6) "overtime hours", when used with respect to flexible schedule programs under sections 6122 through 6126 of this title, means all hours in excess of 8 hours in a day or 40 hours in a week which are officially ordered in advance, but does not include credit hours;

(7) "overtime hours", when used with respect to compressed schedule programs under sections 6127 and 6128 of this title, means any hours in excess of those specified hours which constitute the compressed schedule; and

(8) "collective bargaining", "collective bargaining agreement", and "exclusive representative" have the same meanings given such terms—

(A) by section 7103(a)(12), (8), and (16) of this title, respectively, in the case of any unit covered by chapter 71 of this title; and

(B) in the case of any other unit, by the corresponding provisions applicable under the personnel system covering this unit.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 227; amended Pub. L. 101–163, title III, §312, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1041, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1302(1), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2034; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**2009**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 111–68 substituted "the Library of Congress, the Architect of the Capitol, and the Botanic Garden" for "and the Library of Congress".

**1996**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–106 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: " 'employee' has the meaning given it by section 2105 of this title;".

**1989**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 101–163 inserted "the Government Printing Office," after "military department,".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in par. (1) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

(a) Notwithstanding section 6101 of this title, each agency may establish, in accordance with this subchapter, programs which allow the use of flexible schedules which include—

(1) designated hours and days during which an employee on such a schedule must be present for work; and

(2) designated hours during which an employee on such a schedule may elect the time of such employee's arrival at and departure from work, solely for such purpose or, if and to the extent permitted, for the purpose of accumulating credit hours to reduce the length of the workweek or another workday.

An election by an employee referred to in paragraph (2) shall be subject to limitations generally prescribed to ensure that the duties and requirements of the employee's position are fulfilled.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, but subject to the terms of any written agreement referred to in section 6130(a) of this title, if the head of an agency determines that any organization within the agency which is participating in a program under subsection (a) is being substantially disrupted in carrying out its functions or is incurring additional costs because of such participation, such agency head may—

(1) restrict the employees' choice of arrival and departure time,

(2) restrict the use of credit hours, or

(3) exclude from such program any employee or group of employees.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 228.)

(a) For purposes of determining compensation for overtime hours in the case of an employee participating in a program under section 6122 of this title—

(1) the head of an agency may, on request of the employee, grant the employee compensatory time off in lieu of payment for such overtime hours, whether or not irregular or occasional in nature and notwithstanding the provisions of sections 5542(a), 5543(a)(1) and section 1 5544(a) of this title, section 7453(e) of title 38, section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. 207), or any other provision of law; or

(2) the employee shall be compensated for such overtime hours in accordance with such provisions, as applicable.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of law referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section, an employee shall not be entitled to be compensated for credit hours worked except to the extent authorized under section 6126 of this title or to the extent such employee is allowed to have such hours taken into account with respect to the employee's basic work requirement.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding section 5545(a) of this title, premium pay for nightwork will not be paid to an employee otherwise subject to such section solely because the employee elects to work credit hours, or elects a time of arrival or departure, at a time of day for which such premium pay is otherwise authorized, except that—

(A) if an employee is on a flexible schedule under which—

(i) the number of hours during which such employee must be present for work, plus

(ii) the number of hours during which such employee may elect to work credit hours or elect the time of arrival at and departure from work,

which occur outside of the nightwork hours designated in or under such section 5545(a) total less than 8 hours, such premium pay shall be paid for those hours which, when combined with such total, do not exceed 8 hours, and

(B) if an employee is on a flexible schedule under which the hours that such employee must be present for work include any hours designated in or under such section 5545(a), such premium pay shall be paid for such hours so designated.

(2) Notwithstanding section 5343(f) of this title, and section 7453(b) of title 38, night differential will not be paid to any employee otherwise subject to either of such sections solely because such employee elects to work credit hours, or elects a time of arrival or departure, at a time of day for which night differential is otherwise authorized, except that such differential shall be paid to an employee on a flexible schedule under this subchapter—

(A) in the case of an employee subject to subsection (f) of such section 5343, for which all or a majority of the hours of such schedule for any day fall between the hours specified in such subsection, or

(B) in the case of an employee subject to subsection (b) of such section 7453, for which 4 hours of such schedule fall between the hours specified in such subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 228; amended Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §403(c)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(D), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "5543(a)(1) and section 5544(a)" for "5543(a)(1), 5544(a), and 5550".

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–40, §403(c)(2)(A), substituted "section 7453(e)" for "section 4107(e)(5)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–40, §403(c)(2)(B), in introductory provisions substituted "section 7453(b)" for "section 4107(e)(2)" and in subpar. (B) substituted "subsection (b) of such section 7453" for "subsection (e)(2) of such section 4107".

1 So in original. The word "section" probably should not appear.

Notwithstanding sections 6103 and 6104 of this title, if any employee on a flexible schedule under section 6122 of this title is relieved or prevented from working on a day designated as a holiday by Federal statute or Executive order, such employee is entitled to pay with respect to that day for 8 hours (or, in the case of a part-time employee, an appropriate portion of the employee's biweekly basic work requirement as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management).

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 229.)

Notwithstanding section 6106 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management or any agency may use recording clocks as part of programs under section 6122 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 229.)

(a) Subject to any limitation prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management or the agency, a full-time employee on a flexible schedule can accumulate not more than 24 credit hours, and a part-time employee can accumulate not more than one-fourth of the hours in such employee's biweekly basic work requirement, for carryover from a biweekly pay period to a succeeding biweekly pay period for credit to the basic work requirement for such period.

(b) Any employee who is on a flexible schedule program under section 6122 of this title and who is no longer subject to such a program shall be paid at such employee's then current rate of basic pay for—

(1) in the case of a full-time employee, not more than 24 credit hours accumulated by such employee, or

(2) in the case of a part-time employee, the number of credit hours (not in excess of one-fourth of the hours in such employee's biweekly basic work requirement) accumulated by such employee.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 230.)

(a) Notwithstanding section 6101 of this title, each agency may establish programs which use a 4-day workweek or other compressed schedule.

(b)(1) An employee in a unit with respect to which an organization of Government employees has not been accorded exclusive recognition shall not be required to participate in any program under subsection (a) unless a majority of the employees in such unit who, but for this paragraph, would be included in such program have voted to be so included.

(2) Upon written request to any agency by an employee, the agency, if it determines that participation in a program under subsection (a) would impose a personal hardship on such employee, shall—

(A) except such employee from such program; or

(B) reassign such employee to the first position within the agency—

(i) which becomes vacant after such determination,

(ii) which is not included within such program,

(iii) for which such employee is qualified, and

(iv) which is acceptable to the employee.

A determination by an agency under this paragraph shall be made not later than 10 days after the day on which a written request for such determination is received by the agency.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 230.)

(a) The provisions of sections 5542(a) and 5544(a) of this title, section 7453(e) of title 38, section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. 207), or any other law, which relate to premium pay for overtime work, shall not apply to the hours which constitute a compressed schedule.

(b) In the case of any full-time employee, hours worked in excess of the compressed schedule shall be overtime hours and shall be paid for as provided by the applicable provisions referred to in subsection (a) of this section. In the case of any part-time employee on a compressed schedule, overtime pay shall begin to be paid after the same number of hours of work after which a full-time employee on a similar schedule would begin to receive overtime pay.

(c) Notwithstanding section 5544(a) or 5546(a) of this title, or any other applicable provision of law, in the case of any full-time employee on a compressed schedule who performs work (other than overtime work) on a tour of duty for any workday a part of which is performed on a Sunday, such employee is entitled to pay for work performed during the entire tour of duty at the rate of such employee's basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to 25 percent of such basic pay rate.

(d) Notwithstanding section 5546(b) of this title, an employee on a compressed schedule who performs work on a holiday designated by Federal statute or Executive order is entitled to pay at the rate of such employee's basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to such basic pay rate, for such work which is not in excess of the basic work requirement of such employee for such day. For hours worked on such a holiday in excess of the basic work requirement for such day, the employee is entitled to premium pay in accordance with the provisions of section 5542(a) or 5544(a) of this title, as applicable, or the provisions of section 7 of the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. 207) whichever provisions are more beneficial to the employee.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 230; amended Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §403(c)(3), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 240; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(E), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1352.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(E)(i), substituted "5542(a) and 5544(a)" for "5542(a), 5544(a), and 5550(2)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(44)(E)(ii), substituted "5544(a) or 5546(a)" for "5544(a), 5546(a), or 5550(1)".

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–40 substituted "section 7453(e)" for "section 4107(e)(5)".

For purposes of administering sections 6303(a), 6304, 6307(a) and (d), 6323, 6326, 6327, and 8339(m) of this title, in the case of an employee who is in any program under this subchapter, references to a day or workday (or to multiples or parts thereof) contained in such sections shall be considered to be references to 8 hours (or to the respective multiples or parts thereof).

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 231; amended Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §629(a)(2)(A), (b)(2), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2423.)

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–329 substituted "6307(a) and (d)" for "6307(a) and (c)" and inserted "6327," after "6326,".

(a)(1) In the case of employees in a unit represented by an exclusive representative, any flexible or compressed work schedule, and the establishment and termination of any such schedule, shall be subject to the provisions of this subchapter and the terms of a collective bargaining agreement between the agency and the exclusive representative.

(2) Employees within a unit represented by an exclusive representative shall not be included within any program under this subchapter except to the extent expressly provided under a collective bargaining agreement between the agency and the exclusive representative.

(b) An agency may not participate in a flexible or compressed schedule program under a collective bargaining agreement which contains premium pay provisions which are inconsistent with the provisions of section 6123 or 6128 of this title, as applicable.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 231.)

(a) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subchapter or any collective bargaining agreement and subject to subsection (c) of this section, if the head of an agency finds that a particular flexible or compressed schedule under this subchapter has had or would have an adverse agency impact, the agency shall promptly determine not to—

(1) establish such schedule; or

(2) continue such schedule, if the schedule has already been established.

(b) For purposes of this section, "adverse agency impact" means—

(1) a reduction of the productivity of the agency;

(2) a diminished level of services furnished to the public by the agency; or

(3) an increase in the cost of agency operations (other than a reasonable administrative cost relating to the process of establishing a flexible or compressed schedule).

(c)(1) This subsection shall apply in the case of any schedule covering employees in a unit represented by an exclusive representative.

(2)(A) If an agency and an exclusive representative reach an impasse in collective bargaining with respect to an agency determination under subsection (a)(1) not to establish a flexible or compressed schedule, the impasse shall be presented to the Federal Service Impasses Panel (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Panel").

(B) The Panel shall promptly consider any case presented under subparagraph (A), and shall take final action in favor of the agency's determination if the finding on which it is based is supported by evidence that the schedule is likely to cause an adverse agency impact.

(3)(A) If an agency and an exclusive representative have entered into a collective bargaining agreement providing for use of a flexible or compressed schedule under this subchapter and the head of the agency determines under subsection (a)(2) to terminate a flexible or compressed schedule, the agency may reopen the agreement to seek termination of the schedule involved.

(B) If the agency and exclusive representative reach an impasse in collective bargaining with respect to terminating such schedule, the impasse shall be presented to the Panel.

(C) The Panel shall promptly consider any case presented under subparagraph (B), and shall rule on such impasse not later than 60 days after the date the Panel is presented the impasse. The Panel shall take final action in favor of the agency's determination to terminate a schedule if the finding on which the determination is based is supported by evidence that the schedule has caused an adverse agency impact.

(D) Any such schedule may not be terminated until—

(i) the agreement covering such schedule is renegotiated or expires or terminates pursuant to the terms of that agreement; or

(ii) the date of the Panel's final decision, if an impasse arose in the reopening of the agreement under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph.

(d) This section shall not apply with respect to flexible schedules that may be established without regard to the authority provided under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 231.)

(a) An employee may not directly or indirectly intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other employee for the purpose of interfering with—

(1) such employee's rights under sections 6122 through 6126 of this title to elect a time of arrival or departure, to work or not to work credit hours, or to request or not to request compensatory time off in lieu of payment for overtime hours; or

(2) such employee's right under section 6127(b)(1) of this title to vote whether or not to be included within a compressed schedule program or such employee's right to request an agency determination under section 6127(b)(2) of this title.

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a), the term "intimidate, threaten, or coerce" includes, but is not limited to, promising to confer or conferring any benefit (such as appointment, promotion, or compensation), or effecting or threatening to effect any reprisal (such as deprivation of appointment, promotion, or compensation).

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 232.)

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of the programs established under this subchapter.

(b)(1) The Office shall provide educational material, and technical aids and assistance, for use by an agency in connection with establishing and maintaining programs under this subchapter.

(2) In order to provide the most effective materials, aids, and assistance under paragraph (1), the Office shall conduct periodic reviews of programs established by agencies under this subchapter particularly insofar as such programs may affect—

(A) the efficiency of Government operations;

(B) mass transit facilities and traffic;

(C) levels of energy consumption;

(D) service to the public;

(E) increased opportunities for full-time and part-time employment; and

(F) employees' job satisfaction and nonworklife.

(c)(1) With respect to employees in the Library of Congress, the authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management under this subchapter shall be exercised by the Librarian of Congress.

(2) With respect to employees in the Government Publishing Office, the authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management under this subchapter shall be exercised by the Director of the Government Publishing Office.

(3) With respect to employees of the Architect of the Capitol and the Botanic Garden, the authority granted to the Office of Personnel Management under this subchapter shall be exercised by the Architect of the Capitol.

(Added Pub. L. 97–221, §2(a)(2), July 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 233; amended Pub. L. 101–163, title III, §312, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1065; Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1302(2), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2034; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), (d), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**2009**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 111–68 added par. (3).

**1989**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–163 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (c)(2) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

"Director of the Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Public Printer" in subsec. (c)(2) on authority of section 1301(d) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.







**2021**—Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1111(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1953, which directed amendment of the table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 63 by adding item 6329d, was executed to the table of sections for this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2016**—Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(c)(2), (d)(4), (e)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2462, 2469, 2470, which directed amendment of the table of sections for subchapter II of chapter 63 by adding items 6329a to 6329c, was executed to the table of sections for this chapter, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2015**—Pub. L. 114–75, §2(b), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 641, added item 6329.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–56, §1(c)(2), Sept. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 407, added item 6328.

**1997**—Pub. L. 105–18, title II, §9004(b), June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 197, added heading of subchapter VI and item 6391.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §629(a)(2)(B), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2423, added item 6327.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–103, §5(a)(2), Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1023, substituted "Authority to participate in both programs" for "Limitation on employee participation" in item 6373.

Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(2), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23, added heading of subchapter V and items 6381 to 6387.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(i)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–337, inserted "and nonappropriated fund" after "office" in item 6312.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–566, §2(d)(1)(B), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2844, which provided that the table of sections for subchapters III and IV were to be repealed effective 5 years after Oct. 31, 1988, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–103, §2, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022, effective Oct. 30, 1993.

Pub. L. 100–566, §2(b), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2843, added heading of subchapter III and items 6331 to 6340 and heading of subchapter IV and items 6361 to 6373.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183, §2(27), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058, struck out item 6309 "Leave of absence; rural carriers".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563, §1(b), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1476, included witness service and official duty status for certain witness service in item 6322.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–588, §1(b), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1151, added item 6326.

Pub. L. 90–367, §2(b), June 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 277, added item 6312.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–221, §3(b), Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 671, added item 6325.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–747, §1(3), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1179, inserted reference to leave for crews of vessels in item 6305.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 15, 2015, 80 F.R. 3135, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Now more than ever, our Nation's economic success rests on our ability to empower our citizens to choose jobs that best utilize their talents and interests. All employers, including the Federal Government, should support parents to ensure they can both contribute fully in the workplace and also meet the needs of their families. The availability of paid maternity leave, for example, has been shown to increase the likelihood that mothers return to their jobs following the birth of a child, and paid maternity and paternity leave has been shown to improve the health and development outcomes of the infant. In addition, it is critically important for parents and their newborn or newly adopted child to have the opportunity to form strong family attachments and relationships.

Men and women both need time to care for their families and should have access to workplace flexibilities that help them succeed at work and at home. Offering family leave and other workplace flexibilities to parents can help achieve the goals of recruiting and retaining talent, lowering costly worker turnover, increasing employee engagement, boosting employee morale, and ensuring a diverse and inclusive workforce. Yet, the United States lags behind almost every other country in ensuring some form of paid parental leave to its Federal workforce; we are the only developed country in the world without it.

My memorandum of June 23, 2014 (Enhancing Workplace Flexibilities and Work-Life Programs), directs the heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies) to more fully utilize workplace flexibilities and work-life programs to promote recruitment, retention, employee engagement, and workforce productivity. My Administration fully supports efforts to align the Federal Government with the parental leave policies of leading private sector companies and other industrialized countries, and will continue to take administrative steps to modernize leave policies to better support Federal employees.

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and to further build on these important goals and the work currently underway by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and other agencies to review existing personnel policies, I hereby direct as follows:

*Advanced Sick and Annual Leave*. (a) Agencies shall ensure that, to the extent permitted by law, their policies offer 240 hours of advanced sick leave, at the request of an employee and in appropriate circumstances, in connection with the birth or adoption of a child or for other sick leave eligible uses. This benefit shall be provided for purposes specified in law and regulation irrespective of existing leave balances. Within 60 days of OPM issuing its guidance pursuant to section 3 of this memorandum, agencies shall make any necessary changes to their policies to implement this section.

(b) Agencies shall ensure that their policies offer the maximum amount of advanced annual leave permitted by law, at the request of an employee, for foster care placement in their home or bonding with a healthy newborn or newly adopted child. This benefit shall be provided for purposes specified in law and regulation irrespective of existing leave balances. Within 60 days of OPM issuing its guidance pursuant to section 3 of this memorandum, agencies shall make any necessary changes to their policies to implement this section.

*Emergency Backup Dependent Care*. Agencies shall consider, consistent with existing resources, providing access to affordable emergency backup dependent care services such as through an Employee Assistance Program.

*Update Leave Policies*. (a) In coordination with the agency review and related OPM summary report of workplace flexibilities and work-life policies required by sections 4 and 5 of my memorandum of June 23, 2014, agencies shall make necessary changes to their policies and practices to ensure that employees experiencing the birth or adoption of a child, foster care placement in their home, or who have other circumstances eligible for sick or annual leave are aware of the full range of benefits to which they are entitled. These changes shall also ensure that discretionary flexibilities are used to the maximum extent practicable, in accordance with the laws and regulations governing these programs and consistent with mission needs, and that employees understand the benefits for which they may qualify. Any necessary changes to agency policies required by this section shall be made as soon as possible, and no later than January 1, 2016.

(b) For purposes of the changes required by subsection (a) of this section, agencies shall review policies with respect to the following required benefits:

(i) use of accrued sick leave (including period of incapacitation for birth mother, care of birth mother during period of incapacitation, doctor appointments for birth parents or newborn child, or any periods of time during which adoptive parents are ordered or required by an adoption agency or by a court to take time off from work to care for the adopted child);

(ii) leave pursuant to the Family and Medical Leave Act (including intermittent leave for childbirth, adoption, or foster care placement in the home; and leave without pay or substitution of appropriate paid leave in accordance with law and regulation);

(iii) use of accrued annual leave;

(iv) use of leave without pay for a longer period than what is provided for under the Family and Medical Leave Act; and

(v) break times and private space for nursing mothers.

(c) For purposes of the changes required by subsection (a) of this section, agencies shall ensure those changes provide to the maximum extent practicable the following discretionary benefits:

(i) advancement of sick or annual leave, consistent with the requirements set forth in section 1 of this memorandum;

(ii) donated annual leave under the Voluntary Leave Transfer Program;

(iii) donated annual leave under the Voluntary Leave Bank Program;

(iv) emergency backup dependent care services, such as through an Employee Assistance Program;

(v) telework; and

(vi) flexible work schedules, including part-time schedules and job sharing arrangements.

(d) Within 90 days of the date of this memorandum, OPM shall issue guidance to agencies regarding implementing advanced sick and annual leave policies, including their application to part-time employees. The OPM summary report of workplace flexibilities and work-life policies required by section 4 of my memorandum of June 23, 2014, shall provide further guidance to implement this memorandum.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Director of OPM is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Feb. 2, 2023, 88 F.R. 7833, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to strengthen the Federal Government as a model "employer [sic], it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. Workers must have access to paid leave when they face a medical or caregiving need that affects their ability to work. Yet, the United States is one of the few countries in the world that does not guarantee paid leave—and 92 percent of the Nation's lowest wage workers, who are disproportionately women and workers of color, lack access to paid family leave through their employer. Lack of access to paid family and medical leave can risk the health, well-being, and economic security of workers and their families. Paid leave policies benefit both employees and employers and will strengthen our economy as a whole. That is why my Administration supports a national, comprehensive paid family and medical leave program that will ensure that workers have access to paid leave to bond with a new child; care for a seriously ill loved one; deal with a loved one's military deployment; heal from the worker's own serious illness; grieve the death of a loved one; or seek safety and recover from domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking. In addition to recognizing the importance of access to paid leave, my Administration acknowledges that unpaid leave can serve as a critical stopgap, allowing individuals to maintain their employment while attending to family or medical needs.

As the Nation's largest employer, the Federal Government must be a model for providing leave policies, both paid and unpaid, that allow employees time away from work to care for themselves or a loved one. Being a model employer includes updating our workplace policies and practices to reflect the emerging needs of our workforce today and tomorrow. It also requires recognizing an employee's important caregiving relationships with family members, including extended family and other individuals with equivalent relationships. In addition, Federal employees need access to extended family and medical leave, particularly during their first year of Federal service when they may not have accrued sufficient leave and are not yet eligible for leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 [5 U.S.C. 6381 et seq.; 29 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.]. By supporting Federal employees' access to leave throughout their service, the Federal Government will strengthen its ability to recruit, hire, develop, promote, and retain our Nation's talent and address barriers to equal opportunity, especially with respect to women's participation in the Federal workforce.

*Supporting Federal Employees' Access to Leave Without Pay*. (a) In furtherance of the policy set forth in section 1 of this memorandum, the heads of executive departments and agencies (agencies) are encouraged to consider providing leave without pay for Federal employees, as appropriate and consistent with applicable law, including in the following circumstances:

(i) to bond with a new child, to care for a family member with a serious health condition, to address an employee's own serious health condition, or to help manage family affairs when a family member is called to active duty, including during an employee's first year of service; and

(ii) bereavement after the death of a family member, including during an employee's first year of service.

(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, through the Deputy Director for Management, shall support agencies in carrying out subsection (a) of this section.

(c) Agency heads, or their designees, shall inform the President, through the Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Gender Policy Council, on progress towards implementation of this memorandum within 1 year of its issuance [Feb. 2, 2023].

*Supporting Federal Employees' Access to Paid and Unpaid Leave to Seek Safety and Recover from Domestic Violence, Dating Violence, Sexual Assault, or Stalking*. Consistent with applicable law, the Director of OPM shall provide recommendations to the President, through the Assistant to the President and Director of the White House Gender Policy Council, within 180 days of the date of this memorandum, regarding actions OPM and agencies may take to support Federal employees' access to paid leave, such as sick leave, or leave without pay, for purposes related to seeking safety and recovering from domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, or stalking—including, for example, obtaining medical treatment (inclusive of mental health treatment), pursuing assistance from organizations that provide services to survivors, seeking relocation, or taking related legal action, as well as assisting a family member in engaging in any of these activities.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The Director of OPM is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "United States", when used in a geographical sense means the several States and the District of Columbia; and

(2) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title; and

(B) an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987;

but does not include—

(i) a teacher or librarian of the public schools of the District of Columbia;

(ii) a part-time employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek;

(iii) a temporary employee engaged in construction work at an hourly rate;

(iv) an employee of the Panama Canal Commission when employed on the Isthmus of Panama;

(v) an employee of the Veterans Health Administration who is covered by a leave system established under section 7421 of title 38;

(vi) an employee of either House of Congress or of the two Houses;

(vii) an employee of a corporation supervised by the Farm Credit Administration if private interests elect or appoint a member of the board of directors;

(viii) an alien employee who occupies a position outside the United States, except as provided by section 6310 of this title;

(ix) a "teacher" or an individual holding a "teaching position" as defined by section 901 of title 20;

(x) an officer in the executive branch or in the government of the District of Columbia who is appointed by the President and whose rate of basic pay exceeds the highest rate payable under section 5332 of this title;

(xi) an officer in the executive branch or in the government of the District of Columbia who is designated by the President, except a postmaster, United States attorney, or United States marshal;

(xii) a chief of mission (as defined in section 102(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980); or

(xiii) an officer in the legislative or judicial branch who is appointed by the President.

Notwithstanding clauses (x)–(xii) of paragraph (2), the term "employee" includes any member of the Senior Foreign Service or any Foreign Service officer (other than a member or officer serving as chief of mission or in a position which requires appointment by and with the advice and consent of the Senate) and any member of the Foreign Service commissioned as a diplomatic or consular officer, or both, under section 312 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(17), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95–519, §1, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(2), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§2312(a), 2314(f)(1), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2166, 2168; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(c)(1), formerly §207(c), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 595, renumbered §207(c)(1), Pub. L. 99–556, title II, §201(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3135; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(2), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1103(f)(1), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3889.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1) | 5 U.S.C. 2061(d). | Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §402(c), 74 Stat. 800. |

(2) | 5 U.S.C. 2061(a), (b), (c)(1) (less last sentence). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §202, 65 Stat. 679. July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §1 "(c)(1) (less last sentence)", 67 Stat. 136. |

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §402(a), 74 Stat. 800. | ||

Aug. 21, 1964, Pub. L. 88–471, §6(a), 78 Stat. 583. | ||

5 U.S.C. 2067. | Aug. 21, 1964, Pub. L. 88–471, §1, 78 Stat. 582. | |

5 U.S.C. 2358(a) (less applicability to the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended). | July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, §10(a) (less applicability to the Federal Employees Pay Act of 1945, as amended), 73 Stat. 217. |


In paragraph (1), the words "when used in a geographical sense" are added for clarity.

In paragraph (2), the words "an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "civilian officers and employees of the United States . . . including officers and employees of corporations wholly owned or controlled by the United States". Specific reference to officers and members of the Metropolitan Police force of the District of Columbia, the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, the United States Park Police force, and the White House Police force, as set forth in former section 2067, is omitted as unnecessary in view of the provisions of paragraph (2)(A), (B). The exception for "commissioned officers of the Public Health Service" and "commissioned officers of the Coast and Geodetic Survey" in former section 2061(b)(1)(E), (F) is omitted as unnecessary since these officers are excluded by the definition of the word "employee" in section 2105.

In paragraph (2)(ix), the words "as defined by section 901 of title 20" are added on authority of former section 2351, which section is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 102(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (2)(xii), was redesignated section 102(3) of that Act by Pub. L. 98–164, which struck out the designation "(a)" and struck out subsec. (b) of section 102. Section 102 is classified to section 3902 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 312 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in text, is classified to section 3952 of Title 22.

**2021**—Par. (2)(B)(v). Pub. L. 116–283 which directed the general amendment of cl. (v) without specifying the subpar., was executed by amending cl. (v) of subpar. (B) generally to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, cl. (v) read as follows: "a physician, dentist, or nurse in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs;".

**1991**—Par. (2)(v). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterans' Administration".

**1986**—Par. (2)(B). Pub. L. 99–335 amended subpar. (B) generally, substituting "first employed" for "employed" and inserting "before October 1, 1987".

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–465, §2312(a), inserted provision at end of par. (2) extending definition of "employee" notwithstanding cls. (x) to (xii) of par. (2).

Par. (2)(xii). Pub. L. 96–465, §2314(f)(1), substituted "a chief of mission (as defined in section 102(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980)" for "an officer who receives pay under section 866 of title 22".

**1979**—Par. (2)(iv). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company".

**1978**—Par. (2)(xiii). Pub. L. 95–519 added cl. (xiii).

**1970**—Par. (2)(ii). Pub. L. 91–375 struck out ", except an hourly employee in the postal field service," after "part-time employee".

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–519 effective beginning on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 25, 1978, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 95–519, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Pub. L. 106–56, §1(a), Sept. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 407, provided that: "This Act [amending section 6327 of this title and renumbering another section 6327 of this title as section 6328] may be cited as the 'Organ Donor Leave Act'."

Pub. L. 103–388, §1, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4079, provided that: "This Act [amending section 6307 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Family Friendly Leave Act'."

Pub. L. 103–103, §1, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 6331, 6337, 6361, 6362, and 6373 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6331 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 6331 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Leave Sharing Amendments Act of 1993'."

Pub. L. 100–566, §1, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2834, provided that: "This Act [enacting subchapters III and IV of this chapter, amending sections 5724 and 8112 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 6331 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Leave Sharing Act of 1988'."

Pub. L. 117–2, title IV, §4001, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 77, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) is subject to a Federal, State, or local quarantine or isolation order related to COVID–19;

"(2) has been advised by a health care provider to self-quarantine due to concerns related to COVID–19;

"(3) is caring for an individual who is subject to such an order or has been so advised;

"(4) is experiencing symptoms of COVID–19 and seeking a medical diagnosis;

"(5) is caring for a son or daughter of such employee if the school or place of care of the son or daughter has been closed, if the school of such son or daughter requires or makes optional a virtual learning instruction model or requires or makes optional a hybrid of in-person and virtual learning instruction models, or the child care provider of such son or daughter is unavailable, due to COVID–19 precautions;

"(6) is experiencing any other substantially similar condition;

"(7) is caring for a family member with a mental or physical disability or who is 55 years of age or older and incapable of self-care, without regard to whether another individual other than the employee is available to care for such family member, if the place of care for such family member is closed or the direct care provider is unavailable due to COVID–19; or

"(8) is obtaining immunization related to COVID–19 or is recovering from any injury, disability, illness, or condition related to such immunization.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) shall be provided to an employee in an amount not to exceed 600 hours of paid leave for each full-time employee, and in the case of a part-time employee, employee on an uncommon tour of duty, or employee with a seasonal work schedule, in an amount not to exceed the proportional equivalent of 600 hours to the extent amounts in the Fund remain available for reimbursement;

"(B) shall be paid at the same hourly rate as other leave payments; and

"(C) may not be provided to an employee if the leave would result in payments greater than $2,800 in aggregate for any biweekly pay period for a full-time employee, or a proportionally equivalent biweekly limit for a part-time employee.

"(3)

"(A) is in addition to any other leave provided to an employee; and

"(B) may not be used by an employee concurrently with any other paid leave.

"(4)

"(d)

"(1) an individual in the executive branch for whom annual and sick leave is provided under subchapter I of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) an individual employed by the United States Postal Service;

"(3) an individual employed by the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

"(4) an employee of the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia and the District of Columbia Courts."

Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 99–556, title II, §201, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3135, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall not result in the coverage, under subchapter I of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code, of any individual (or class of individuals) employed by the government of the District of Columbia who would not have been covered under such subchapter if such amendment had not been made."

Ex. Ord. No. 10540, June 29, 1954, 19 F.R. 3983, which related to the designation of certain officers as exempt from the Annual and Sick Leave Act of 1951, was revoked by section 2–201 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The days of leave provided by this subchapter are days on which an employee would otherwise work and receive pay and are exclusive of holidays and nonworkdays established by Federal statute, Executive order, or administrative order.

(b) For the purpose of this subchapter an employee is deemed employed for a full biweekly pay period if he is employed during the days within that period, exclusive of holidays and nonworkdays established by Federal statute, Executive order, or administrative order, which fall within his basic administrative workweek.

(c) A part-time employee, unless otherwise excepted, is entitled to the benefits provided by subsection (d) of this section and sections 6303, 6304(a), (b), 6305(a), 6307, and 6310 of this title on a pro rata basis.

(d) The annual leave provided by this subchapter, including annual leave that will accrue to an employee during the year, may be granted at any time during the year as the head of the agency concerned may prescribe.

(e) If an officer excepted from this subchapter by section 6301(2)(x)–(xiii) of this title, without a break in service, again becomes subject to this subchapter on completion of his service as an excepted officer, the unused annual and sick leave standing to his credit when he was excepted from this subchapter is deemed to have remained to his credit.

(f) An employee who uses excess annual leave credited because of administrative error may elect to refund the amount received for the days of excess leave by lump-sum or installment payments or to have the excess leave carried forward as a charge against later-accruing annual leave, unless repayment is waived under section 5584 of this title.

(g) An employee who is being involuntarily separated from an agency due to a reduction in force or transfer of function under subchapter I of chapter 35 or section 3595 may elect to use annual leave to the employee's credit to remain on the agency's rolls after the date the employee would otherwise have been separated if, and only to the extent that, such additional time in a pay status will enable the employee to qualify for an immediate annuity under section 8336, 8412, 8414, or to qualify to carry health benefits coverage into retirement under section 8905(b).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 93–181, §4, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 706; Pub. L. 95–519, §2, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §634], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–363; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §653], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–528.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2064 (less (d), (e)). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §205 (less (d)), 65 Stat. 681. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 2062(h). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203(h), 65 Stat. 681. |

(e) | 5 U.S.C. 2061a(b). | July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §2(b), 67 Stat. 137. |


In subsection (d), the words "the head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "the heads of the various departments and independent establishments".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–277 inserted "or section 3595" after "chapter 35".

**1996**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–208 added subsec. (g).

**1978**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–519 substituted "6301(2)(x)–(xiii)" for "6301(2)(x)–(xii)".

**1973**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–181 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–519 effective beginning on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 25, 1978, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 95–519, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–237, title II, §206(b)(2), Dec. 18, 1989, 103 Stat. 2068, provided that: "The authority of the Department of Veterans Affairs under section 618 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1989 [Pub. L. 100–440, set out below], to operate a leave-transfer program for employees subject to section 4108 of title 38, United States Code, is extended until the programs provided for in subsection (e) of such section 4108 (as added by subsection (a) of this section) are implemented, but not later than October 1, 1990."

Similar provisions were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 101–144, title V, §518, Nov. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 874.

Pub. L. 101–110, §1(d), Oct. 6, 1989, 103 Stat. 682.

Pub. L. 100–440, title VI, §618, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1755, provided that: "In order to ensure that the experimental use of voluntary leave transfers established under Public Laws 99–500, 99–591 [Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title VII], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–334, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title VII], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–334], and 100–202 [Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §625], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–430] may continue and may cover additional employees in fiscal year 1989, the Office of Personnel Management may continue to operate by regulation, notwithstanding chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code, a program under which the unused accrued annual leave of officers or employees of the Federal Government may be transferred for use by other officers or employees who need such leave due to a personal emergency as defined in the regulations. The Office may provide by regulation for such exceptions from the provisions of section 7351 of title 5 as the Office may determine appropriate for the transfer of leave under this section. The Veterans' Administration may operate a similar program for employees subject to section 4108 of title 38, United States Code. The programs operated under this section shall expire at the end of fiscal year 1989, but any leave that has been transferred to an officer or employee under the programs shall remain available for use until the personal emergency has ended, and any remaining unused transferred leave shall, to the extent administratively feasible, be restored to the leave accounts of the officers or employees from whose accounts it was originally transferred."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations act:

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §625], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–430.

For provisions ratifying any actions of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs in carrying out section 618 of Pub. L. 100–440, set out above, during the period Dec. 1, 1989, to Dec. 18, 1989, see section 604 of Pub. L. 101–237, set out as a note under section 1720B of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits. Similar provisions for the period Oct. 1, 1989, to Oct. 6, 1989, were contained in section 3(b) of Pub. L. 101–110, set out as a note under section 1720B of Title 38.

(a) An employee is entitled to annual leave with pay which accrues as follows—

(1) one-half day for each full biweekly pay period for an employee with less than 3 years of service;

(2) three-fourths day for each full biweekly pay period, except that the accrual for the last full biweekly pay period in the year is one and one-fourth days, for an employee with 3 but less than 15 years of service; and

(3) one day for each full biweekly pay period for an employee with 15 or more years of service.

In determining years of service, an employee is entitled to credit for all service of a type that would be creditable under section 8332, regardless of whether or not the employee is covered by subchapter III of chapter 83, and for all service which is creditable by virtue of subsection (e). However, an employee who is a retired member of a uniformed service as defined by section 3501 of this title is entitled to credit for active military service only if—

(A) his retirement was based on disability—

(i) resulting from injury or disease received in line of duty as a direct result of armed conflict; or

(ii) caused by an instrumentality of war and incurred in line of duty during a period of war as defined by sections 101 and 1101 of title 38;

(B) that service was performed in the armed forces during a war, or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authorized; or

(C) on November 30, 1964, he was employed in a position to which this subchapter applies and thereafter he continued to be so employed without a break in service of more than 30 days.

The determination of years of service may be made on the basis of an affidavit of the employee. Leave provided by this subchapter accrues to an employee who is not paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods on the same basis as it would accrue if the employee were paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, an employee whose current employment is limited to less than 90 days is entitled to annual leave under this subchapter only after being currently employed for a continuous period of 90 days under successive appointments without a break in service. After completing the 90-day period, the employee is entitled to be credited with the leave that would have accrued to him under subsection (a) of this section except for this subsection.

(c) A change in the rate of accrual of annual leave by an employee under this section takes effect at the beginning of the pay period after the pay period, or corresponding period for an employee who is not paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods, in which the employee completed the prescribed period of service.

(d) Leave granted under this subchapter is exclusive of time actually and necessarily occupied in going to or from a post of duty and time necessarily occupied awaiting transportation, in the case of an employee—

(1) to whom section 6304(b) of this title applies;

(2) whose post of duty is outside the United States; and

(3) who returns on leave to the United States, or to his place of residence, which is outside the area of employment, in its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

This subsection does not apply to more than one period of leave in a prescribed tour of duty at a post outside the United States.

(e)(1) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which, for purposes of determining years of service under subsection (a), credit shall, in the case of a newly appointed employee, be given for any prior service of such employee that would not otherwise be creditable for such purposes, if—

(A) such service—

(i) was performed in a position the duties of which directly relate to the duties of the position to which such employee is so appointed; and

(ii) meets such other requirements as the Office may prescribe; and

(B) in the judgment of the head of the appointing agency, the application of this subsection is necessary in order to achieve an important agency mission or performance goal.

(2) Service described in paragraph (1)—

(A) shall be creditable, for the purposes described in paragraph (1), as of the effective date of the employee's appointment; and

(B) shall not thereafter cease to be so creditable, unless the employee fails to complete a full year of continuous service with the agency.

(3) An employee shall not be eligible for the application of paragraph (1) on the basis of any appointment if, within 90 days before the effective date of such appointment, such employee has held any position in the civil service.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the rate of accrual of annual leave under subsection (a) shall be 1 day for each full biweekly pay period in the case of any employee who holds a position which is subject to—

(1) section 5376 or 5383; or

(2) a pay system equivalent to either of the foregoing, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 518; Pub. L. 93–181, §2, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(d), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(52), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1353; Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §202(a), (b), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2312.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2062(a), (b), (e), (i). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203(a), (b), (e), (i), 65 Stat. 679–681. | |

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §401 "(e)", 74 Stat. 799. | ||

Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §203, 78 Stat. 487. | ||

5 U.S.C. 3101 (as applicable to 5 U.S.C. 2062(a)). | Aug. 19, 1964, Pub. L. 88–448, §101 (as applicable to §203), 78 Stat. 484. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as otherwise provided in this subsection" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the specific inclusion of the exception in the third sentence. The words "for the purposes of this subsection" are omitted as surplusage. The reference to "section 8332 of this title for the purpose of an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title" is substituted for "section 3 of the Civil Service Retirement Act for the purposes of an annuity under such Act to reflect the codification of that Act in this title. In paragraph (B), the words "on November 30, 1964, he was employed in a position to which this subchapter applies and thereafter he continued to be so employed" are substituted for "immediately prior to the effective date of this sentence he was employed in a civilian office to which this Act applies and, on and after such date, he continued to be employed in any such office".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–411, which was approved Oct. 30, 2004.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–411, §202(a)(2), inserted ", and for all service which is creditable by virtue of subsection (e)" before period at end of second sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 108–411, §202(a)(1), added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 108–411, §202(b), added subsec. (f).

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 amended second sentence generally. Prior to amendment, second sentence read as follows: "In determining years of service, an employee is entitled to credit for all service creditable under section 8332 of this title for the purpose of an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title and all service creditable under section 8411 of this title for the purpose of chapter 84 of this title."

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted reference to section 1101 of title 38 for reference to section 301 of title 38.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted "and all service creditable under section 8411 of this title for the purpose of chapter 84 of this title" at end of second sentence.

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–181 substituted "an employee whose current employment is limited to less than 90 days is entitled" and "under successive appointments" for "an employee is entitled" and "under one or more appointments" respectively.

Pub. L. 108–411, title II, §202(c), Oct. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 2312, provided that: "None of the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply in the case of any employee holding a position pursuant to an appointment made before the effective date of the regulations implementing such amendments."

Pub. L. 102–378, §9, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1360, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(2) The amendments made by section 5(d) [amending section 8440d of this title] shall be effective as of December 9, 1991.

"(3) The amendments made by sections 2(13) and 2(17) [amending section 4109 of this title and repealing section 3342 of this title] shall be effective as of October 1, 1991.

"(4) The amendments made by sections 2(11), 2(19), 2(29), and 2(38) [amending sections 3324, 4505a, 5332, and 5403 of this title] shall be effective as of May 4, 1991.

"(5) The amendments made by section 2(25) [amending section 5302 of this title] shall be effective as of February 3, 1991.

"(6) The provisions of section 8(a) and the amendments made by sections 2(57)(A), 2(60), 2(64), 2(67), 2(71), 2(75)(A), 3(1), 3(4), 3(6), and 5(a) [amending sections 5532, 8331, 8335, 8344, 8347, 8425, 8461, 8468, and 8901 of this title, repealing section 5380 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5532 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 2105, 5304, 5305, 5378, and 8348 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 5380 and 5532 of this title] shall be effective as of November 5, 1990.

"(7) The amendment made by section 2(52) [amending this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 1989, except that no amount shall become payable, as a result of the enactment of such amendment, under—

"(A) subchapter VI of chapter 55 of title 5, United States Code, based on a separation that takes effect or an election that is made before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1992]; or

"(B) section 5551(b) of title 5, United States Code, which is attributable to an individual's being excepted from subchapter I of chapter 63 of such title before the date of enactment of this Act.

"(8) The amendment made by section 2(69) [amending section 8440 of this title] shall be effective as of November 10, 1988.

"(9) The amendments made by sections 2(40), 2(41), 2(42), 2(43), and 3(5) [amending sections 5541, 5542, 5544, and 5547 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 5305 of this title] shall be effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1992].

"(10) The amendments made by section 2(28) [amending section 5314 of this title] shall be effective as of the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after November 5, 1990.

"(11) The amendment made by section 2(49) [amending section 5724 of this title] shall apply with respect to a separation that takes effect on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1992].

"(12) The amendment made by section 5(e) [amending section 1441a of Title 12, Banks and Banking] shall apply with respect to any action (described in subclause (I) or (II) of the provisions struck by such amendment) occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1992]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

(a) Except as provided by subsections (b), (d), (e), (f), and (g) of this section, annual leave provided by section 6303 of this title, which is not used by an employee, accumulates for use in succeeding years until it totals not more than 30 days at the beginning of the first full biweekly pay period, or corresponding period for an employee who is not paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods, occurring in a year.

(b) Annual leave not used by an employee of the Government of the United States in one of the following classes of employees stationed outside the United States accumulates for use in succeeding years until it totals not more than 45 days at the beginning of the first full biweekly pay period, or corresponding period for an employee who is not paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods, occurring in a year:

(1) Individuals directly recruited or transferred by the Government of the United States from the United States or its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for employment outside the area of recruitment or from which transferred.

(2) Individuals employed locally but—

(A)(i) who were originally recruited from the United States or its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico but outside the area of employment;

(ii) who have been in substantially continuous employment by other agencies of the United States, United States firms, interests, or organizations, international organizations in which the United States participates, or foreign governments; and

(iii) whose conditions of employment provide for their return transportation to the United States or its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; or

(B)(i) who were at the time of employment temporarily absent, for the purpose of travel or formal study, from the United States, or from their respective places of residence in its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and

(ii) who, during the temporary absence, have maintained residence in the United States or its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico but outside the area of employment.

(3) Individuals who are not normally residents of the area concerned and who are discharged from service in the armed forces to accept employment with an agency of the Government of the United States.

(c) Annual leave in excess of the amount allowable—

(1) under subsection (a) or (b) of this section which was accumulated under earlier statute; or

(2) under subsection (a) of this section which was accumulated under subsection (b) of this section by an employee who becomes subject to subsection (a) of this section;

remains to the credit of the employee until used. The excess annual leave is reduced at the beginning of the first full biweekly pay period, or corresponding period for an employee who is not paid on the basis of biweekly pay periods, occurring in a year, by the amount of annual leave the employee used during the preceding year in excess of the amount which accrued during that year, until the employee's accumulated leave does not exceed the amount allowed under subsection (a) or (b) of this section, as appropriate.

(d)(1) Annual leave which is lost by operation of this section because of—

(A) administrative error when the error causes a loss of annual leave otherwise accruable after June 30, 1960;

(B) exigencies of the public business when the annual leave was scheduled in advance; or

(C) sickness of the employee when the annual leave was scheduled in advance;

shall be restored to the employee.

(2) Annual leave restored under paragraph (1) of this subsection, or under clause (2) of section 5562(a) of this title, which is in excess of the maximum leave accumulation permitted by law shall be credited to a separate leave account for the employee and shall be available for use by the employee within the time limits prescribed by regulations of the Office of Personnel Management. Leave credited under this paragraph but unused and still available to the employee under the regulations prescribed by the Office shall be included in the lump-sum payment under section 5551 or 5552(1) of this title but may not be retained to the credit of the employee under section 5552(2) of this title.

(3)(A) For the purpose of this subsection, the closure of, and any realignment with respect to, an installation of the Department of Defense pursuant to the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note) during any period, the closure of an installation of the Department of Defense in the Republic of Panama in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, and the closure of any other installation of the Department of Defense, during the period beginning on October 1, 1992, and ending on December 31, 1997, shall be deemed to create an exigency of the public business and any leave that is lost by an employee of such installation by operation of this section (regardless of whether such leave was scheduled) shall be restored to the employee and shall be credited and available in accordance with paragraph (2).

(B) For the purpose of subparagraph (A), the term "realignment" means a base realignment (as defined in subsection (e)(3) of section 2687 of title 10) that meets the requirements of subsection (a)(2) of such section.

(4)(A) For the purpose of this subsection, service of a Department of Defense emergency essential employee in a combat zone is an exigency of the public business for that employee. Any leave that, by reason of such service, is lost by the employee by operation of this section (regardless of whether such leave was scheduled) shall be restored to the employee and shall be credited and available in accordance with paragraph (2).

(B) As used in subparagraph (A)—

(i) the term "Department of Defense emergency essential employee" means an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated under section 1580 of title 10 as an emergency essential employee; and

(ii) the term "combat zone" has the meaning given such term in section 112(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(e) Annual leave otherwise accruable after June 30, 1960, which is lost by operation of this section because of administrative error and which is not credited under subsection (d)(2) of this section because the employee is separated before the error is discovered, is subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment only if a claim therefor is filed within 3 years immediately following the date of discovery of the error. Payment shall be made by the agency of employment when the lump-sum payment provisions of section 5551 of this title last became applicable to the employee at the rate of basic pay in effect on the date the lump-sum provisions became applicable.

(f)(1) This subsection applies with respect to annual leave accrued by an individual while serving in—

(A) a position in the Senior Executive Service;

(B) a position in the Senior Foreign Service;

(C) a position in the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service;

(D) a position in the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service;

(E) a position in the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service;

(F) a position to which section 5376 applies;

(G) a position designated under section 1607(a) of title 10 as an Intelligence Senior Level position; or

(H) 1 a position in the Library of Congress the compensation for which is set at a rate equal to the annual rate of basic pay payable for positions at level III of the Executive Schedule under section 5314.

(H) 1 a position in the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division at the rank of Deputy Chief, Assistant Chief, or Chief.

(2) For purposes of applying any limitation on accumulation under this section with respect to any annual leave described in paragraph (1)—

(A) "30 days" in subsection (a) shall be deemed to read "90 days"; and

(B) "45 days" in subsection (b) shall be deemed to read "90 days".

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 519; Pub. L. 93–181, §3, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 705; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §410, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1173, 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(39), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2312(b), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 97–89, title VIII, §802, Dec. 4, 1981, 95 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(k), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(53), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4434, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2722; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §341(c), div. B, title XXVIII, §2816(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2720, 3056; Pub. L. 103–356, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3411; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1105, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2142; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1103(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1112, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1404(1)–(3), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2038; Pub. L. 111–282, §2(b), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3038.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2062(c). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203(c), 65 Stat. 680. July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §3(a), 67 Stat. 137. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2602(d). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203(d), 65 Stat. 680. July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §3(b), 67 Stat. 137. |

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §401 "(d)", 74 Stat. 799. | ||

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2066(a). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §208(a), 65 Stat. 682. |

July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §3(c), 67 Stat. 137. |


The words "Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section" are added to subsection (a), and the words "Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c)" in former section 2062(d) are omitted as unnecessary because of the exception added to subsection (a).

The words "full biweekly pay period" are substituted for "complete biweekly pay period" to conform to section 6303.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(A), is part A of title XXIX of div. B of Pub. L. 101–510, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1808, which is set out as a note under section 2687 of Title 10, Armed Forces. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 112(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(B)(ii), is classified to section 112(c)(2) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2010**—Subsec. (f)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(b)(1), which directed amendment of subpar. (F) by striking "or" after the semicolon, could not be executed because the word "or" did not appear.

Subsec. (f)(1)(G). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(b)(2), which directed substitution of "; or" for the period, could not be executed because there was no period.

Subsec. (f)(1)(H). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(b)(3), added subpar. (H) relating to a position in the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division.

**2009**—Subsec. (f)(1)(H). Pub. L. 111–68 added subpar. (H).

**2008**—Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 110–181 substituted "in—" for "in a position in—" in introductory provisions, inserted "a position in" before "the" in subpars. (A) to (E), struck out "or" at end of subpar. (D), substituted semicolon for period at end of subpar. (E), and added subpars. (F) and (G).

**1999**—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 106–65 added par. (4).

**1998**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–261 inserted "the closure of an installation of the Department of Defense in the Republic of Panama in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977," after "2687 note) during any period,".

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 103–337, §2816(a), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "closure of, and any realignment with respect to," for "closure of", and added subpar. (B).

Pub. L. 103–337, §341(c), substituted "the closure of an installation of the Department of Defense pursuant to the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (part A of title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note) during any period, and the closure of any other installation" for "the closure of an installation".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–356 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "Annual leave accrued shall not be subject to the limitation on accumulation otherwise imposed by this section if such leave is accrued by an individual while serving in a position in—

"(1) the Senior Executive Service;

"(2) the Senior Foreign Service;

"(3) the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service;

"(4) the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service; or

"(5) the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service."

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 102–484 added par. (3).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "date" for "date of" in last sentence.

**1988**—Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 100–325 added par. (5).

**1981**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–89 amended subsec. (f) generally, transferring from former subsec. (g) provisions excepting from the limitation on accumulation otherwise imposed by this section any annual leave accrued by members of the Senior Foreign Service and inserting provisions relating to annual leave accrued by individuals while serving in positions in the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service or the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–89 struck out subsec. (g). Provisions formerly set out in subsec. (g), relating to annual leave accrued by members of the Senior Foreign service, were incorporated in subsec. (f).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–465, §2312(b)(1), inserted reference to subsec. (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–465, §2312(b)(2), added subsec. (g).

**1979**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "rate of basic pay" for "salary rate".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §410(1), inserted reference to subsec. (f).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–454, §410(2), added subsec. (f).

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–181, §3(1), substituted "subsections (b), (d), and (e) of this section" for "subsection (b) of this section".

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 93–181, §3(2), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–282 effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Pub. L. 111–68, div. A, title I, §1404(4), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2038, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [probably means pars. (1) to (3), which amended this section] shall apply with respect to annual leave accrued during pay periods beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 2009]."

Pub. L. 103–356, title II, §201(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3411, provided that the amendment made by that section is effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning after Oct. 13, 1994.

Pub. L. 103–337, div. B, title XXVIII, §2816(b), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3056, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to the restoration of annual leave of employees at military installations undergoing realignment if such leave is lost by operation of section 6304 of title 5, United States Code, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–89 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 806 of Pub. L. 97–89, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1621 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by section 410 of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1111, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3893, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) the term 'agency' means each agency, office, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Federal Government; and

"(2) the term 'Executive branch employee'—

"(A) means—

"(i) an employee of an agency;

"(ii) an employee appointed under chapter 74 of title 38, United States Code, notwithstanding section 7421(a), section 7425(b), or any other provision of chapter 74 of such title; and

"(iii) any other individual occupying a position in the civil service (as that term is defined in section 2101(1) of title 5, United States Code) in the executive branch of the Federal Government; and

"(B) does not include any individual occupying a position that is classified at or above the level of a Senior Executive Service position or the equivalent thereof."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1114, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1635, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) may be deemed eligible by the Secretary of Defense for automatic restoration of forfeited annual leave under section 6304(d)(3) of title 5, United States Code, during the year of transfer; and

"(2) may be deemed by the Secretary of Defense to have used all forfeited annual leave properly restored under section 6304(d)(3) of title 5, United States Code, within the appropriate time limits, only if such restored annual leave was used by the employee or paid to the employee in the form of a lump sum payment under section 5551(a) of title 5, United States Code, by the last day of the 2001 leave year.

"(b)

"(A) may be paid only for any such restored annual leave currently remaining to their credit at the hourly rate payable on the date of transfer with appropriate back pay interest; and

"(B) shall be deemed paid for all such restored annual leave to which that employee was entitled to payment upon transfer, but subsequently used or was otherwise paid for upon separation.

"(2) This subsection shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003]."

Pub. L. 103–356, title II, §201(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3411, provided that: "Notwithstanding the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section], in the case of an employee who, on the effective date of subsection (a) [see Effective Date of 1994 Amendments note above], is subject to subsection (f) of section 6304 of title 5, United States Code, and who has to such employee's credit annual leave in excess of the maximum accumulation otherwise permitted by subsection (a) or (b) of section 6304 (determined applying the amendment made by subsection (a)), such excess annual leave shall remain to the credit of the employee and be subject to reduction, in the same manner as provided in subsection (c) of section 6304."

Pub. L. 93–181, §5, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 706, provided that where former employees (other than former employees of Post Office Department or United States Postal Service) had accrued annual leave after June 30, 1960, but had not been on the rolls on Dec. 14, 1973, and where annual leave thus accrued had been lost because of administrative error, such accrued annual leave was subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment but only if a claim therefor was filed within three years after Dec. 14, 1973, with agency by which the employees had been employed when lump-sum payment provision of section 5551 of this title had last become applicable to them.

Pub. L. 93–181, §6, Dec. 14, 1973, 87 Stat. 706, provided that where former employees of Post Office Department or United States Postal Service with prior civilian service with Post Office Department or other Federal agency had accrued annual leave after June 30, 1960, and before July 1, 1971, but had not on the rolls on Dec. 14, 1973, and where annual leave thus accrued had been lost because of administrative error, such accrued annual leave was subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment, but only if a claim therefor was filed within three years after Dec. 14, 1973, with Postal Service, at salary rate in effect on date these employees had been employed when lump-sum payment provision of section 5551 of this title or comparable provisions of regulations of Postal Service had last become applicable to them. With respect to present employees of Postal Service who had prior Federal civilian service with Post Office Department or other Federal agency, annual leave which had accrued after June 30, 1960, and before July 1, 1971, but, because of administrative error had been lost, was subject to credit and liquidation by lump-sum payment only if a claim therefor was filed within three years of Dec. 14, 1973, with Postal Service, at salary rate in effect on Dec. 14, 1973.

1 So in original. Two subpars. (H) have been enacted.

(a) After 24 months of continuous service outside the United States (or after a shorter period of such service if the employee's assignment is terminated for the convenience of the Government), an employee may be granted leave of absence, under regulations of the President, at a rate not to exceed 1 week for each 4 months of that service without regard to other leave provided by this subchapter. Leave so granted—

(1) is for use in the United States, or if the employee's place of residence is outside the area of employment, in its territories or possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico;

(2) accumulates for future use without regard to the limitation in section 6304(b) of this title; and

(3) may not be made the basis for terminal leave or for a lump-sum payment.

(b) The President may authorize leave of absence to a chief of mission excepted from this subchapter by section 6301(2)(xii) of this title for use in the United States and its territories or possessions. Leave so authorized does not constitute a leave system and may not be made the basis for a lump-sum payment.

(c) An officer, crewmember, or other employee serving aboard an oceangoing vessel on an extended voyage may be granted leave of absence, under regulations of the Office of Personnel Management, at a rate not to exceed 2 days for each 30 calendar days of that service without regard to other leave provided by this subchapter. Leave so granted—

(1) accumulates for future use without regard to the limitation in section 6304(b) of this title;

(2) may not be made the basis for a lump-sum payment, except that civil service mariners of the Military Sealift Command on temporary promotion aboard ship may be paid the difference between their temporary and permanent rates of pay for leave accrued under this section and section 6303 and not otherwise used during the temporary promotion upon the expiration or termination of the temporary promotion; and

(3) may not be made the basis for terminal leave except under such special or emergency circumstances as may be prescribed under the regulations of the Office.

(d) With respect to an officer, crewmember, or other employee of the Department of Defense serving aboard an oceangoing vessel on an extended voyage, the first sentence in the matter preceding paragraph (1) of subsection (c) of this section shall be applied by substituting "7 calendar days" for "30 calendar days".

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 89–747, §1(1), (2), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1179; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(16), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §§2312(c), 2314(f)(2), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167, 2168; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1133], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–318; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1110, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 428.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2062(f). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203(f), 65 Stat. 680. |

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707, §401 "(f)", 74 Stat. 799. | ||

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2061(c)(2). | July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §1 "(c)(2)", 67 Stat. 136. |


The words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive grant of authority.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2023**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31 added subsec. (d).

**2000**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–398 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "may not be made the basis for a lump-sum payment; and".

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–465, §2312(c), inserted "(or after a shorter period of such service if the employee's assignment is terminated for the convenience of the Government)" after "outside the United States".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–465, §2314(f)(2), substituted "a chief of mission" for "an officer" after "leave of absence to".

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Office" for "Commission".

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "2" and "30" for "two" and "thirty", respectively.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–747 added subsec. (c) and inserted reference to leave for crews of vessels in section catchline.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section delegated to Office of Personnel Management, see section 1(2) of Ex. Ord. No. 11228, June 14, 1965, 30 F.R. 7739, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.

Ex. Ord. No. 10471, July 17, 1953, 18 F.R. 4231, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13967, provided:

1. The heads of the several departments and agencies of the Government are hereby authorized and empowered, without the approval, ratification, or other action of the President, to exercise, with respect to personnel in their respective department or agency, the authority conferred upon the President by section 6305(b) of title 5 of the United States Code, to authorize leaves of absence in accordance with the said section 6305(b) to persons who receive compensation in accordance with section 401 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3961).

2. This order shall be effective as of July 5, 1953.

(a) When an individual who received a lump-sum payment for leave under section 5551 of this title is reemployed before the end of the period covered by the lump-sum payment in or under the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, except in a position excepted from this subchapter by section 6301(2)(ii), (iii), (vi), or (vii) of this title, he shall refund to the employing agency an amount equal to the pay covering the period between the date of reemployment and the expiration of the lump-sum period.

(b) An amount refunded under subsection (a) of this section shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the employing agency. When an individual is reemployed under the same leave system, an amount of leave equal to the leave represented by the refund shall be recredited to him in the employing agency. When an individual is reemployed under a different leave system, an amount of leave equal to the leave represented by the refund shall be recredited to him in the employing agency on an adjusted basis under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management. When an individual is reemployed in a position excepted from this subchapter by section 6301(2)(x)–(xiii) of this title, an amount of leave equal to the leave represented by the refund is deemed, on separation from the service, death, or transfer to another position in the service, to have remained to his credit.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–519, §2, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819.)

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5 U.S.C. 61b (3d–5th sentences). | Dec. 21, 1944, ch. 632, §1 (1st proviso and so much of last sentence as precedes 2d proviso), 58 Stat. 845. | |

July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §4(a) (2d–4th sentences), 67 Stat. 137. | ||

Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, §202(e), 73 Stat. 389. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–519 substituted "6301(2)(x)–(xiii)" for "6301(2)(x)–(xii)".

Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–519 effective beginning on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 25, 1978, see section 4(a) of Pub. L. 95–519, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An employee is entitled to sick leave with pay which accrues on the basis of one-half day for each full biweekly pay period, except that sick leave with pay accrues to a member of the Firefighting Division of the Fire Department of the District of Columbia on the basis of two-fifths of a day for each full biweekly pay period.

(b) Sick leave provided by this section, which is not used by an employee, accumulates for use in succeeding years.

(c) Sick leave provided by this section may be used for purposes relating to the adoption of a child.

(d) When required by the exigencies of the situation, a maximum of 30 days sick leave with pay may be advanced for serious disability or ailment, or for purposes relating to the adoption of a child, except that a maximum of 24 days sick leave with pay may be advanced to a member of the Firefighting Division of the Fire Department of the District of Columbia.

(d)(1) 1 For the purpose of this subsection, the term "family member" shall have such meaning as the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe, except that such term shall include any individual who meets the definition given that term, for purposes of the leave transfer program under subchapter III, under regulations prescribed by the Office (as in effect on January 1, 1993).

(2) Subject to paragraph (3) and in addition to any other allowable purpose, sick leave may be used by an employee—

(A) to give care or otherwise attend to a family member having an illness, injury, or other condition which, if an employee had such condition, would justify the use of sick leave by such an employee; or

(B) for purposes relating to the death of a family member, including to make arrangements for or attend the funeral of such family member.

(3)(A) Sick leave may be used by an employee for the purposes provided under paragraph (2) only to the extent the amount used for such purposes does not exceed—

(i) 40 hours in any year, plus

(ii) up to an additional 64 hours in any year, but only to the extent the use of such additional hours does not cause the amount of sick leave to the employee's credit to fall below 80 hours.

(B) In the case of a part-time employee or an employee on an uncommon tour of duty, the Office of Personnel Management shall establish limitations that are proportional to those prescribed under subparagraph (A).

(4)(A) This subsection shall be effective during the 3-year period that begins upon the expiration of the 2-month period that begins on the date of the enactment of this subsection.

(B) Not later than 6 months before the date on which this subsection is scheduled to cease to be effective, the Office shall submit a report to Congress in which it shall evaluate the operation of this subsection and make recommendations as to whether or not this subsection should be continued beyond such date.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 520; Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §629(b)(1), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2423; Pub. L. 103–388, §2, Oct. 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 4079.)

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5 U.S.C. 2063. | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §204, 65 Stat. 681. Aug. 21, 1964, Pub. L. 88–471, §6(b), (c), 78 Stat. 583. |


The word "officer", referring to an officer of the Firefighting Division, is omitted as covered by the words "a member of the Firefighting Division".

In subsection (c), the words "with pay" are added for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–388, which was approved Oct. 22, 1994.

**1994**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–329, §629(b)(1)(B), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–388 added subsec. (d) relating to use of sick leave for purposes relating to family member.

Pub. L. 103–329, §629(b)(1)(A), (C), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d) and inserted "or for purposes relating to the adoption of a child," after "ailment,".

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §629(b)(3), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2423, provided that:

"(3)(A) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which any employee who used or uses annual leave for an adoption-related purpose, after September 30, 1991, and before the date as of which sick leave first becomes available for such purpose as a result of the enactment of this subsection may, upon appropriate written application, elect to have such employee's leave accounts adjusted to reflect the amount of annual leave and sick leave, respectively, which would remain had sick leave been used instead of all or any portion of the annual leave actually used, as designated by the employee.

"(B) An application under this paragraph may not be approved unless it is submitted—

"(i) within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [September 30, 1994] or such later date as the Office may prescribe;

"(ii) in such form and manner as the Office shall require; and

"(iii) by an individual who is an employee as of the time of application.

"(C) For the purpose of this paragraph, the term 'employee' has the meaning given such term by section 6301(2) of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §536, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1470, for fiscal year 1991, authorized sick leave provided by section 6307 of this title to be approved for purposes related to the adoption of a child.

1 So in original. Probably should be "(e)(1)".

(a) The annual and sick leave to the credit of an employee who transfers between positions under different leave systems without a break in service shall be transferred to his credit in the employing agency on an adjusted basis under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, unless the individual is excepted from this subchapter by section 6301(2)(ii), (iii), (vi), or (vii) of this title. However, when a former member receiving a retirement annuity under sections 521–535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code, is reemployed in a position to which this subchapter applies, his sick leave balance may not be recredited to his account on the later reemployment.

(b) The annual leave, sick leave, and home leave to the credit of a nonappropriated fund employee of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) who moves without a break in service of more than 3 days to a position in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, that is subject to this subchapter shall be transferred to the employee's credit. The annual leave, sick leave, and home leave to the credit of an employee of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard who is subject to this subchapter and who moves without a break in service of more than 3 days to a position under a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, described in section 2105(c), shall be transferred to the employee's credit under the nonappropriated fund instrumentality. The Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of Homeland Security, as appropriate, may provide for a transfer of funds in an amount equal to the value of the transferred annual leave to compensate the gaining entity for the cost of a transfer of annual leave under this subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 521; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(h), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–336; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(3), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566.)

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5 U.S.C. 2064(e). | July 2, 1953, ch. 178, §4(b), 67 Stat. 138. | |

Aug. 18, 1959, Pub. L. 86–168, §202(e), 73 Stat. 389. | ||

Aug. 21, 1964, Pub. L. 88–471, §6(d), 78 Stat. 583. |


In the last sentence, the word "officer" is omitted as covered by the word "member", and the words "sections 521–535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for "the Policemen and Firemen's Retirement and Disability Act, as amended".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2006**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–241 substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary of Transportation".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–508 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1077, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2512, authorized an employee referred to in section 6308(b) of this title, who made an employment move described in such subsection after Dec. 31, 1986, and before Apr. 16, 1991, to elect to repay the lump-sum payment received based on such employment move in lieu of annual leave and have the annual leave recredited to the employee's leave account, or to keep the lump-sum payment in lieu of that annual leave.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 521, related to authorized leave of absence of a rural postal carrier which occurred at beginning, during, or at end of a period of annual or sick leave.

The head of the agency concerned may grant leave of absence with pay, not in excess of the amount of annual and sick leave allowable to citizen employees under this subchapter, to alien employees who occupy positions outside the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 521.)

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5 U.S.C. 2062(g). | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §203 (g), 65 Stat. 681. Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–707. §402(b), 74 Stat. 800. |


The words "head of the agency concerned" are substituted for "head of the department or agency concerned".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 521; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

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5 U.S.C. 2065. | Oct. 30, 1951, ch. 631, §206, 65 Stat. 681. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Credit shall be given in determining years of service for the purpose of section 6303(a) for—

(1) service as an employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Allotment Act or of a committee or an association of producers described in section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act; and

(2) service under a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) by an employee who has moved without a break in service of more than 3 days to a position subject to this subchapter in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively.

(b) The provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 6308 for transfer of leave between leave systems shall apply to the leave systems established for such county office employees and employees of such Department of Defense and Coast Guard nonappropriated fund instrumentalities, respectively.

(Added Pub. L. 90–367, §2(a), June 29, 1968, 82 Stat. 277; amended Pub. L. 90–623, §1(25), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1314; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §306(c), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(i)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–337.)

Section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Allotment Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), probably means section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, which is classified to section 590h(b) of Title 16, Conservation.

Section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is classified to section 610(b) of Title 7, Agriculture.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–508 inserted "and nonappropriated fund" after "office" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Service rendered as an employee of a county committee established pursuant to section 590h(b) of title 16, or of a committee or an association of producers described in section 610(b) of title 7, shall be included in determining years of service for the purpose of section 6303(a) of this title. The provisions of section 6308 of this title for transfer of annual and sick leave between leave systems shall apply to the leave system established for such employees."

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–251 struck out "in the case of any officer or employee in or under the Department of Agriculture" at end of first sentence.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "section 590h(b) of title 16" and "section 610(b) of title 7" for "section 8(b) of the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act (16 U.S.C. 590h(b))" and "section 10(b) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 (48 Stat. 37)" respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

An employee in or under an Executive agency who is a veteran of a war, or of a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authorized, or a member of an honor or ceremonial group of an organization of those veterans, may be excused from duty without loss of pay or deduction from annual leave for the time necessary, not to exceed 4 hours in any one day, to enable him to participate as an active pallbearer or as a member of a firing squad or a guard of honor in a funeral ceremony for a member of the armed forces whose remains are returned from abroad for final interment in the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 521.)

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5 U.S.C. 30q. | Aug. 16, 1949, ch. 441, 63 Stat. 608. July 17, 1952, ch. 932, §1, 66 Stat. 758. |


The words "Executive agency" are coextensive with and substituted for "executive branch of the Government" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. Applicability to the General Accounting Office is based on former section 933a.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives) or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia is entitled to leave, without loss of, or reduction in, pay, leave to which he otherwise is entitled, credit for time or service, or performance of efficiency rating, during a period of absence with respect to which he is summoned, in connection with a judicial proceeding, by a court or authority responsible for the conduct of that proceeding, to serve—

(1) as a juror; or

(2) other than as provided in subsection (b) of this section, as a witness on behalf of any party in connection with any judicial proceeding to which the United States, the District of Columbia, or a State or local government is a party;

in the District of Columbia, a State, territory, or possession of the United States including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. For the purpose of this subsection, "judicial proceeding" means any action, suit, or other judicial proceeding, including any condemnation, preliminary, informational, or other proceeding of a judicial nature, but does not include an administrative proceeding.

(b) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title (except an individual whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives) or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia is performing official duty during the period with respect to which he is summoned, or assigned by his agency, to—

(1) testify or produce official records on behalf of the United States or the District of Columbia; or

(2) testify in his official capacity or produce official records on behalf of a party other than the United States or the District of Columbia.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 91–563, §1(a), Dec. 19, 1970, 84 Stat. 1476; Pub. L. 94–310, §1, June 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 687; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1251, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 476; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(10), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(8), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2869.)

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5 U.S.C. 30n. | June 29, 1940, ch. 446, §1, 54 Stat. 689. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–201, in concluding provisions, substituted "Puerto Rico or" for "Puerto Rico," and struck out ", or the Republic of Panama" after "Pacific Islands".

Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1979**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, or the Republic of Panama" for "the Canal Zone, or the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands".

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1976**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–310 substituted "other than as provided in subsection (b) of this section, as a witness on behalf of any party in connection with any judicial proceeding to which the United States, the District of Columbia, or a State or local government is a party" for "as a witness on behalf of a party other than the United States, the District of Columbia, or a private party".

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–563 included witness service and official duty status for certain witness service in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–563 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and expanded such provisions to authorize leave for jury service in courts in the District of Columbia and in territories and possessions of the United States, to permit leave for persons summoned as witnesses in behalf of a party other than the United States, the District of Columbia, or a private party, defined "judicial proceeding", and excepted individuals whose pay is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 91–563 added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–310 effective Oct. 1, 1976, see section 4 of Pub. L. 94–310, set out as a note under section 4503 of Title 2, The Congress.

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

(a)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, permanent or temporary indefinite, is entitled to leave without loss in pay, time, or performance or efficiency rating for active duty, inactive-duty training (as defined in section 101 of title 37), funeral honors duty (as described in section 12503 of title 10 and section 115 of title 32), or engaging in field or coast defense training under sections 502–505 of title 32 as a Reserve of the armed forces or member of the National Guard. Leave under this subsection accrues for an employee or individual at the rate of 15 days per fiscal year and, to the extent that it is not used in a fiscal year, accumulates for use in the succeeding fiscal year until it totals 15 days at the beginning of a fiscal year.

(2) In the case of an employee or individual employed on a part-time career employment basis (as defined in section 3401(2) of this title), the rate at which leave accrues under this subsection shall be a percentage of the rate prescribed under paragraph (1) which is determined by dividing 40 into the number of hours in the regularly scheduled workweek of that employee or individual during that fiscal year.

(3) The minimum charge for leave under this subsection is one hour, and additional charges are in multiples thereof.

(b) Except as provided by section 5519 of this title, an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, permanent or temporary indefinite, who—

(1) is a member of a Reserve component of the Armed Forces, as described in section 10101 of title 10, or the National Guard, as described in section 101 of title 32; and

(2)(A) performs, for the purpose of providing military aid to enforce the law or for the purpose of providing assistance to civil authorities in the protection or saving of life or property or the prevention of injury—

(i) Federal service under section 331, 332, 333,1 or 12406 of title 10, or other provision of law, as applicable, or

(ii) full-time military service for his State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory of the United States; or

(B) performs full-time military service as a result of a call or order to active duty in support of a contingency operation as defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10;

is entitled, during and because of such service, to leave without loss of, or reduction in, pay, leave to which he otherwise is entitled, credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating. Leave granted by this subsection shall not exceed 22 workdays in a calendar year. Upon the request of an employee, the period for which an employee is absent to perform service described in paragraph (2) may be charged to the employee's accrued annual leave or to compensatory time available to the employee instead of being charged as leave to which the employee is entitled under this subsection. The period of absence may not be charged to sick leave.

(c) An employee as defined by section 2105 of this title or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, who is a member of the National Guard of the District of Columbia, is entitled to leave without loss in pay or time for each day of a parade or encampment ordered or authorized under title 39, District of Columbia Code. This subsection covers each day of service the National Guard, or a portion thereof, is ordered to perform by the commanding general.

(d)(1) A military reserve technician described in section 8401(30) 1 is entitled at such person's request to leave without loss of, or reduction in, pay, leave to which such person is otherwise entitled, credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating for each day, not to exceed 44 workdays in a calendar year, in which such person is on active duty without pay, as authorized pursuant to section 12315 of title 10, under section 12301(b) or 12301(d) of title 10 for participation in operations outside the United States, its territories and possessions.

(2) An employee who requests annual leave or compensatory time to which the employee is otherwise entitled, for a period during which the employee would have been entitled upon request to leave under this subsection, may be granted such annual leave or compensatory time without regard to this section or section 5519.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 90–588, §2(a), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1151; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(17), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(40), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(5), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–431, §1, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1850; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title V, §528, Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1364; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title V, §516(a), title X, §1039, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 309, 432; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §672(b), title XI, §§1105(a), 1106(a), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 674, 777; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §642], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–169; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §563, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1113(a), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1635; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title V, §523, Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 1888.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 30r(a). | Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §29 (a), 70A Stat. 632. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–861, §13, 72 Stat. 1557. |
|

June 30, 1960, Pub. L. 86–559, §7, 74 Stat. 282. | ||

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–378, §7(a), 75 Stat. 809. |


In subsection (a), the words "without regard to classification or terminology peculiar to the Civil Service system" are omitted as unnecessary. The word "performance" is added on authority of the Performance Rating Act of 1950, which is carried into chapter 43 of this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Sections 331, 332, 333, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A)(i), were renumbered sections 251, 252, and 253, respectively, of Title 10, Armed Forces, by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XII, §1241(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2497.

Section 8401(30) of this title, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), was amended generally by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597, and, as so amended, no longer describes military reserve technicians.

**2004**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–375 struck out "(other than active duty during a war or national emergency declared by the President or Congress)" before "for participation in".

**2003**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–136 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), and added subpar. (B).

**2001**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–107 inserted "funeral honors duty (as described in section 12503 of title 10 and section 115 of title 32)," after "(as defined in section 101 of title 37),".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–554 added par. (3).

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §1106(a), inserted ", inactive-duty training (as defined in section 101 of title 37)," after "active duty" in first sentence.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §§672(b) and 1105(a), amended par. (1) identically, striking out "noncombat" after "for participation in".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–106, §516(a), inserted at end "Upon the request of an employee, the period for which an employee is absent to perform service described in paragraph (2) may be charged to the employee's accrued annual leave or to compensatory time available to the employee instead of being charged as leave to which the employee is entitled under this subsection. The period of absence may not be charged to sick leave."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–106, §1039, added subsec. (d).

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–337, §1677(a)(2)(A), substituted "section 10101" for "section 261".

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–337, §1677(a)(2)(B), substituted "or 12406 of title 10" for "3500, or 8500 of title 10".

**1991**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–190 substituted "law or for the purpose of providing assistance to civil authorities in the protection or saving of life or property or the prevention of injury—" for "law—" in introductory provisions.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–431 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, an employee" for "An employee" and "for active duty or engaging in field or coast defense training" for "for each day, not in excess of 15 days in a calendar year, in which he is on active duty or is engaged in field or coast defense training", inserted provision relating to accrual and accumulation of leave, and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–70 which directed the amendment of subsec. (c)(2)(B) by striking out "the Canal Zone," was executed to subsec. (b)(2)(B) in view of the redesignation of subsec. (c) as (b) by Pub. L. 96–54. See 1979 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54 redesignated subsec. (c), as added by Pub. L. 90–588, as (b). Former subsec. (b), relating to military leave, was repealed by Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18)(B), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–54 redesignated subsec. (c), as added by Pub. L. 90–588, as (b).

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18)(A), struck out "(except a substitute in the postal field service)" after "section 2105 of this title".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18)(B), struck out subsec. (b) relating to military leave, without loss in pay, time, or efficiency rating, of substitute employees of the postal service, not in excess of 80 hours in a calendar year, for National Guard training as Reserves of the Armed Forces or members of the National Guard, on basis of 1 hour for 26 hours of work, including minimum working period of 1,040 hours in the prior calendar year.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18)(A), struck out "(except a substitute in the postal field service)" after "section 2105 of this title".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(18)(B), struck out subsec. (d) relating to military leave, without loss of or reduction in pay, leave, service credit, or efficiency rating, of substitute employees of the postal service, not in excess of 160 hours in a calendar year, for service as members of Reserve components of the Armed Forces or the National Guard, for Federal service under insurrection provisions of sections 331, 332, and 333 and in the Army National Guard and Air National Guard under sections 3500 and 8500 of Title 10 and non-Federal service (in the States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canal Zone, and the territories) for purpose of providing military aid to enforce the law, on basis of 1 hour for 13 hours of work, including minimum working period of 1,040 hours in the prior calendar year.

**1968**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(17)(A), substituted "loss in" for "loss of".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–623, §1(17)(B), added subsec. (c), set out second.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–588 added subsec. (c), set out first.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–588 added subsec. (d).

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1113(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1635, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to military service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 24, 2003]."

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1105(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 777, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1999] and shall apply with respect to days of leave under section 6323(d)(1) of title 5, United States Code, on or after that date."

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1106(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 777, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply with respect to any inactive-duty training (as defined in such amendment) occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1999]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 96–431, §2, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1850, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1980."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and Published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Pub. L. 107–117, div. A, title VIII, §8023, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2252, provided that: "During the current fiscal year and hereafter, funds appropriated or otherwise available for any Federal agency, the Congress, the judicial branch, or the District of Columbia may be used for the pay, allowances, and benefits of an employee as defined by section 2105 of title 5, United States Code, or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, permanent or temporary indefinite, who—

"(1) is a member of a Reserve component of the Armed Forces, as described in section 10101 of title 10, United States Code, or the National Guard, as described in section 101 of title 32, United States Code;

"(2) performs, for the purpose of providing military aid to enforce the law or providing assistance to civil authorities in the protection or saving of life or property or prevention of injury—

"(A) Federal service under sections 331 [now 251], 332 [now 252], 333 [now 253], or 12406 of title 10, United States Code, or other provision of law, as applicable; or

"(B) full-time military service for his or her State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or a territory of the United States; and

"(3) requests and is granted—

"(A) leave under the authority of this section; or

"(B) annual leave, which may be granted without regard to the provisions of sections 5519 and 6323(b) of title 5, United States Code, if such employee is otherwise entitled to such annual leave:

*Provided*, That any employee who requests leave under subsection (3)(A) for service described in subsection (2) of this section is entitled to such leave, subject to the provisions of this section and of the last sentence of section 6323(b) of title 5, United States Code, and such leave shall be considered leave under section 6323(b) of title 5, United States Code."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 106–259, title VIII, §8023, Aug. 9, 2000, 114 Stat. 679.

Pub. L. 106–79, title VIII, §8025, Oct. 25, 1999, 113 Stat. 1236.

Pub. L. 105–262, title VIII, §8025, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2302.

Pub. L. 105–56, title VIII, §8026, Oct. 8, 1997, 111 Stat. 1226.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(b) [title VIII, §8028], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–71, 3009–94.

Pub. L. 104–61, title VIII, §8036, Dec. 1, 1995, 109 Stat. 659.

Pub. L. 103–335, title VIII, §8042, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2627.

Pub. L. 103–139, title VIII, §8047, Nov. 11, 1993, 107 Stat. 1450.

Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9064, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1916.

Pub. L. 102–172, title VIII, §8068, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1187.

Pub. L. 101–511, title VIII, §8086, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1895.

Act July 1, 1947, ch. 192, §4, 61 Stat. 239, as amended by June 22, 1956, ch. 428, 70 Stat. 331, provided that: "The words 'officers and employees of the United States or of the District of Columbia' as used in the third paragraph, subheading 'Ordinance Stores and Equipment for Reserve Officers Training Corps', of the Act of May 12, 1917 (40 Stat. 72; 10 U.S.C. Annotated 371) [covered by this section], as now or hereafter amended, as used in that part of section 80 of the Act of June 3, 1916 (39 Stat. 203; 32 U.S.C. 75) [covered by this section], as now or hereafter amended, which precedes the proviso, and as used in the first proviso of section 9 of the Naval Reserve Act of 1938 (52 Stat. 1177; 34 U.S.C. 853g) [covered by this section], as now or hereafter amended, shall be construed to mean all officers and employees of the United States or of the District of Columbia, permanent or temporary indefinite, without regard to classifications or terminology peculiar to the Federal Civil Service System. The words 'officers and employees of the United States or of the District of Columbia', as used in such provisions of law, as now or hereafter amended, also shall be construed to mean substitute employees in the postal field service; such substitute employees shall be entitled to military leave of absence on the basis of one hour of such leave for each period or periods aggregating twenty-six hours of work performed in the calendar year immediately preceding the year in which they are ordered to duty by proper authority: *Provided,* That the number of hours worked during the preceding calendar year shall not be less than one thousand forty hours before such substitute employee shall be entitled to military leave of absence, pay for such leave not to exceed eighty hours in each calendar year."

1 See References in Text note below

(a) Sick leave may not be charged to the account of a member of the Metropolitan Police force or the Fire Department of the District of Columbia, the United States Park Police force, or the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division for an absence due to injury or illness resulting from the performance of duty.

(b) The determination of whether an injury or illness resulted from the performance of duty shall be made under regulations prescribed by—

(1) the District of Columbia Council for members of the Metropolitan Police force and the Fire Department of the District of Columbia;

(2) the Secretary of the Interior for the United States Park Police force; and

(3) the Secretary of Homeland Security for the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division.

(c) This section shall not apply to members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division who are covered under chapter 84 for the purpose of retirement benefits.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(18), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(28), (29), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 111–282, §2(c), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3038.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2071. | Aug. 21, 1964, Pub. L. 88–471, §5, 78 Stat. 583. |


The word "officer" is omitted as covered by "member".

In subsection (b), the words "injury or illness" are substituted for "injury or disease" to conform to subsection (a).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2010**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(c)(1), substituted "United States Secret Service Uniformed Division" for "Executive Protective Service force".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(c)(2), substituted "Homeland Security for the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division" for "the Treasury for the Executive Protective Service force".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–282, §2(c)(3), added subsec. (c).

**1975**—Subsecs. (a), (b)(3). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "Executive Protective Service" for "White House Police".

**1968**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "District of Columbia Council" for "Commissioners of the District of Columbia".

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–282 effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

District of Columbia Council, as established by Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1967, abolished as of noon Jan. 2, 1975, by Pub. L. 93–198, title VII, §711, Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 818, and replaced by Council of District of Columbia, as provided by section 401 of Pub. L. 93–198.

Leave may not be charged to the account of an employee for absence, not to exceed one year, due to an injury—

(1) incurred while serving abroad and resulting from war, insurgency, mob violence, or similar hostile action; and

(2) not due to vicious habits, intemperance, or willful misconduct on the part of the employee.

The preceding provisions of this section shall apply in the case of an alien employee referred to in section 6301(2)(viii) of this title with respect to any leave granted to such alien employee under section 6310 of this title or section 408 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980.

(Added Pub. L. 90–221, §3(a), Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 671; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(41), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383; Pub. L. 99–399, title VIII, §804, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 883.)

Section 408 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in text, is classified to section 3968 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–399 inserted sentence at end relating to alien employees.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54 substituted provisions relating to leave charged to an account of an employee for absence, for provisions relating to leave charged to an account of any officer or employee for absence, and designated qualifying provisions as cls. (1) and (2).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–221, §3(c), Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 671, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [enacting this section] shall take effect as of the first day of the first pay period which began on or after January 1, 1965."

(a) An employee of an executive agency or an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia is entitled to not more than three days of leave without loss of, or reduction in, pay, leave to which he is otherwise entitled, credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating, to make arrangements for, or attend the funeral of, or memorial service for, an immediate relative who died as a result of wounds, disease, or injury incurred while serving as a member of the Armed Forces in a combat zone (as determined by the President in accordance with section 112 of the Internal Revenue Code).

(b) The Office of Personnel Management is authorized to issue regulations for the administration of this section.

(c) This section shall not be considered as affecting the authority of an Executive agency, except to the extent and under the conditions covered under this section, to grant administrative leave excusing an employee from work when it is in the public interest.

(Added Pub. L. 90–588, §1(a), Oct. 17, 1968, 82 Stat. 1151; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Section 112 of the Internal Revenue Code, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 112 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An employee in or under an Executive agency is entitled to leave without loss of or reduction in pay, leave to which otherwise entitled, credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating, for the time necessary to permit such employee to serve as a bone-marrow or organ donor.

(b) An employee may, in any calendar year, use—

(1) not to exceed 7 days of leave under this section to serve as a bone-marrow donor; and

(2) not to exceed 30 days of leave under this section to serve as an organ donor.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §629(a)(1), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2423; amended Pub. L. 106–56, §1(b), Sept. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 407.)

Another section 6327 was renumbered section 6328 of this title.

**1999**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–56 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "Not to exceed 7 days of leave may be used under this section by an employee in a calendar year."

A Federal law enforcement officer or a Federal firefighter may be excused from duty without loss of, or reduction in, pay or leave to which such officer is otherwise entitled, or credit for time or service, or performance or efficiency rating, to attend the funeral of a fellow Federal law enforcement officer or Federal firefighter, who was killed in the line of duty. When so excused from duty, attendance at such service shall for the purposes of section 1345(a) of title 31, be considered to be an official duty of the officer or firefighter.

(Added Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §642, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2432, §6327; renumbered §6328, Pub. L. 106–56, §1(c)(1), Sept. 24, 1999, 113 Stat. 407.)

Section 642 of Pub. L. 103–329, which directed that this section be added "following the word 'Forces' in section 6326" was executed by adding the section after section 6327, as added by section 629(a)(1) of Pub. L. 103–329, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–56 renumbered section 6327 of this title as this section.

(a) During the 12-month period beginning on the first day of employment, any employee who is a veteran with a service-connected disability rated at 30 percent or more is entitled to leave, without loss or reduction in pay, for purposes of undergoing medical treatment for such disability for which sick leave could regularly be used.

(b)(1) The leave credited to an employee under subsection (a) may not exceed 104 hours.

(2) Any leave credited to an employee pursuant to subsection (a) that is not used during the 12-month period described in such subsection may not be carried over and shall be forfeited.

(c)(1) In order to verify that leave credited to an employee pursuant to subsection (a) is used for treating a service-connected disability, such employee shall submit to the head of the employing agency certification, in such form and manner as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, that such employee used such leave for purposes of being furnished treatment for such disability by a health care provider.

(2) In the case of an employee of an office of the legislative branch, the certification described in paragraph (1) shall be prescribed—

(A) in the case of an employee of the House of Representatives, by the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives;

(B) in the case of an employee of the Senate, by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate; or

(C) in the case of an employee of any other office of the legislative branch, by the head of the office.

(d) In this section—

(1) the term "employee" has the meaning given such term in section 2105, and includes—

(A) an officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

(B) notwithstanding subsection (a) of section 7421 of title 38, an individual occupying a position listed in subsection (b) of such section;

(2) the term "service-connected" has the meaning given such term in section 101(16) of title 38; and

(3) the term "veteran" has the meaning given such term in section 101(2) of such title.

(Added Pub. L. 114–75, §2(a), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 640; amended Pub. L. 115–238, §2(a), Sept. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 2450; Pub. L. 115–364, §1(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5088.)

**2018**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–364 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 115–238 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "the term 'employee' has the meaning given such term in section 2105, and includes an officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Regulatory Commission;".

Pub. L. 115–238, §2(b), Sept. 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 2450, provided that: "With respect to a position listed in section 7421(b) of title 38, United States Code, the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any individual appointed to such a position on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 7, 2018]."

Pub. L. 114–75, §2(c), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 641, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply with respect to any employee (as that term is defined in section 6329(d)(1) of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a)) hired on or after the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 2015]."

Pub. L. 115–364, §1(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5088, provided that: "Not later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2018], the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, and the head of each other office of the legislative branch shall prescribe regulations governing the application of section 6329 of title 5, United States Code, including the certification requirement under subsection (c) of such section, to employees of the House of Representatives, employees of the Senate, and employees of such office, respectively."

Pub. L. 114–75, §2(d), Nov. 5, 2015, 129 Stat. 641, provided that: "Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 2015]—

"(1) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations with respect to the leave provided by the amendment in subsection (a) [enacting this section] for employees, but not including employees of the United States Postal Service or the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

"(2) the Postmaster General shall prescribe regulations for such leave with respect to officers and employees of the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission."

(a)

(1) the term "administrative leave" means leave—

(A) without loss of or reduction in—

(i) pay;

(ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or

(iii) credit for time or service; and

(B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law;

(2) the term "agency"—

(A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title);

(B) includes the Department of Veterans Affairs; and

(C) does not include the Government Accountability Office; and

(3) the term "employee"—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and

(B) does not include an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(A) prescribe regulations to carry out this section; and

(B) prescribe regulations that provide guidance to agencies regarding—

(i) acceptable agency uses of administrative leave; and

(ii) the proper recording of—

(I) administrative leave; and

(II) other leave authorized by law.

(2)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(c)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2461.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–328, which was approved Dec. 23, 2016.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(b), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) agency use of administrative leave, and leave that is referred to incorrectly as administrative leave in agency recording practices, has exceeded reasonable amounts—

"(A) in contravention of—

"(i) established precedent of the Comptroller General of the United States; and

"(ii) guidance provided by the Office of Personnel Management; and

"(B) resulting in significant cost to the Federal Government;

"(2) administrative leave should be used sparingly;

"(3) prior to the use of paid leave to address personnel issues, an agency should consider other actions, including—

"(A) temporary reassignment; and

"(B) transfer;

"(4) an agency should prioritize and expeditiously conclude an investigation in which an employee is placed in administrative leave so that, not later than the conclusion of the leave period—

"(A) the employee is returned to duty status; or

"(B) an appropriate personnel action is taken with respect to the employee;

"(5) data show that there are too many examples of employees placed in administrative leave for 6 months or longer, leaving the employees without any available recourse to—

"(A) return to duty status; or

"(B) challenge the decision of the agency;

"(6) an agency should ensure accurate and consistent recording of the use of administrative leave so that administrative leave can be managed and overseen effectively; and

"(7) other forms of excused absence authorized by law should be recorded separately from administrative leave, as defined by the amendments made by this section [see section 1138a of Pub. L. 114–328 set out as a Short Title of 2016 Amendment note under section 101 of this title]."

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(d)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2468, provided that: "Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016], and every 5 years thereafter, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives a report on the results of an evaluation of the implementation of the authority provided under sections 6329a and 6329b of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (c)(1) of this section and paragraph (1) of this subsection, respectively, including—

"(A) the number of times that an agency, under subsection (c)(1) of such section 6329b—

"(i) consulted with the investigator responsible for conducting the investigation to which an employee was subject with respect to the decision of the agency to grant an extension under that subsection; and

"(ii) did not have a consultation described in clause (i), including the reasons that the agency failed to have such a consultation;

"(B) an assessment of the use of the authority provided under subsection (d) of such section 6329b by agencies, including data regarding the number and length of extensions granted under that subsection;

"(C) an assessment of the compliance with the requirements of subsection (f) of such section 6329b by agencies;

"(D) a review of the practice of agency placement of an employee in investigative or notice leave under subsection (b) of such section 6329b because of a determination under subsection (b)(2)(A)(iv) of that section that the employee jeopardized legitimate Government interests, including the extent to which such determinations were supported by evidence; and

"(E) an assessment of the effectiveness of subsection (g) of such section 6329b in preventing and correcting the use of extended investigative leave as a tool of reprisal for making a protected disclosure or engaging in protected activity as described in paragraph (8) or (9) of section 2302(b) of title 5, United States Code."

(a)

(1) the term "agency"—

(A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title);

(B) includes the Department of Veterans Affairs; and

(C) does not include the Government Accountability Office;

(2) the term "Chief Human Capital Officer" means—

(A) the Chief Human Capital Officer of an agency designated or appointed under section 1401; or

(B) the equivalent;

(3) the term "committees of jurisdiction", with respect to an agency, means each committee of the Senate or House of Representatives with jurisdiction over the agency;

(4) the term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(5) the term "employee"—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and

(B) does not include—

(i) an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek; or

(ii) the Inspector General of an agency;

(6) the term "investigative entity" means—

(A) an internal investigative unit of an agency granting investigative leave under this section;

(B) the Office of Inspector General of an agency granting investigative leave under this section;

(C) the Attorney General; and

(D) the Office of Special Counsel;

(7) the term "investigative leave" means leave—

(A) without loss of or reduction in—

(i) pay;

(ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or

(iii) credit for time or service;

(B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law; and

(C) in which an employee who is the subject of an investigation is placed;

(8) the term "notice leave" means leave—

(A) without loss of or reduction in—

(i) pay;

(ii) leave to which an employee is otherwise entitled under law; or

(iii) credit for time or service;

(B) that is not authorized under any other provision of law; and

(C) in which an employee who is in a notice period is placed; and

(9) the term "notice period" means a period beginning on the date on which an employee is provided notice required under law of a proposed adverse action against the employee and ending on the date on which an agency may take the adverse action.

(b)

(1)

(A) investigative leave if the employee is the subject of an investigation;

(B) notice leave if the employee is in a notice period; or

(C) notice leave following a placement in investigative leave if, not later than the day after the last day of the period of investigative leave—

(i) the agency proposes or initiates an adverse action against the employee; and

(ii) the agency determines that the employee continues to meet 1 or more of the criteria described in paragraph (2)(A).

(2)

(A) made a determination with respect to the employee that the continued presence of the employee in the workplace during an investigation of the employee or while the employee is in a notice period, as applicable, may—

(i) pose a threat to the employee or others;

(ii) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation;

(iii) result in loss of or damage to Government property; or

(iv) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests;

(B) considered—

(i) assigning the employee to duties in which the employee no longer poses a threat described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (A);

(ii) allowing the employee to take leave for which the employee is eligible;

(iii) if the employee is absent from duty without approved leave, carrying the employee in absence without leave status; and

(iv) for an employee subject to a notice period, curtailing the notice period if there is reasonable cause to believe the employee has committed a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed; and

(C) determined that none of the available options under clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (B) is appropriate.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i) the applicable limitations under paragraph (3); and

(ii) in the case of a placement in investigative leave, an explanation that, at the conclusion of the period of leave, the agency shall take an action under paragraph (5).

(5)

(A) return the employee to regular duty status;

(B) take 1 or more of the actions under clauses (i) through (iv) of paragraph (2)(B);

(C) propose or initiate an adverse action against the employee as provided under law; or

(D) extend the period of investigative leave under subsections (c) and (d).

(6)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(i) the Inspector General or the designee of the Inspector General, rather than the Chief Human Capital Officer or the designee of the Chief Human Capital Officer, shall approve an extension of a period of investigative leave for the employee under paragraph (1); or

(ii) at the request of the Inspector General, the head of the agency within which the Office of Inspector General is located shall designate an official of the agency to approve an extension of a period of investigative leave for the employee under paragraph (1).

(B)

(d)

(1)

(A) the title, position, office or agency subcomponent, job series, pay grade, and salary of the employee;

(B) a description of the duties of the employee;

(C) the reason the employee was placed in investigative leave;

(D) an explanation as to why—

(i) the employee poses a threat described in clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (b)(2)(A); and

(ii) the agency is not able to reassign the employee to another position within the agency;

(E) in the case of an employee required to telework under section 6502(c) during the investigation of the employee—

(i) the reasons that the agency required the employee to telework under that section; and

(ii) the duration of the teleworking requirement;

(F) the status of the investigation of the employee;

(G) the certification described in paragraph (2); and

(H) in the case of a completed investigation of the employee—

(i) the results of the investigation; and

(ii) the reason that the employee remains in investigative leave.

(2)

(A) certify to the appropriate agency that additional time is needed to complete the investigation of the employee; and

(B) include in the certification an estimate of the amount of time that is necessary to complete the investigation of the employee.

(3)

(e)

(1) pose a threat to the employee or others;

(2) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation;

(3) result in loss of or damage to Government property; or

(4) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests.

(f)

(1)

(A) the basis for the determination made under subsection (b)(2)(A);

(B) an explanation of why an action under clauses (i) through (iv) of subsection (b)(2)(B) was not appropriate;

(C) the length of the period of leave;

(D) the amount of salary paid to the employee during the period of leave;

(E) the reasons for authorizing the leave, including, if applicable, the recommendation made by an investigator under subsection (c)(1);

(F) whether the employee is required to telework under section 6502(c) during the investigation, including the reasons for requiring the employee to telework; and

(G) the action taken by the agency at the end of the period of leave, including, if applicable, the granting of any extension of a period of investigative leave under subsection (c) or (d).

(2)

(A) to any committee of jurisdiction, upon request;

(B) to the Office of Personnel Management; and

(C) as otherwise required by law, including for the purposes of the Administrative Leave Act of 2016 and the amendments made by that Act.

(g)

(h)

(1)

(A) acceptable purposes for the use of—

(i) investigative leave; and

(ii) notice leave;

(B) the proper recording of—

(i) the leave categories described in subparagraph (A); and

(ii) other leave authorized by law;

(C) baseline factors that an agency shall consider when making a determination that the continued presence of an employee in the workplace may—

(i) pose a threat to the employee or others;

(ii) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation;

(iii) result in loss or damage to Government property; or

(iv) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests; and

(D) procedures and criteria for the approval of an extension of a period of investigative leave under subsection (c) or (d).

(2)

(i)

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(d)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2462.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (c)(3), (4)(B), (e) and (h)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–328, which was approved Dec. 23, 2016.

The Administrative Leave Act of 2016, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(C), is section 1138 of title XI of div. A of Pub. L. 114–328, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2460. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2016 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

(a)

(1) the term "agency"—

(A) means an Executive agency (as defined in section 105 of this title);

(B) includes the Department of Veterans Affairs; and

(C) does not include the Government Accountability Office; and

(2) the term "employee"—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 2105; and

(B) does not include an intermittent employee who does not have an established regular tour of duty during the administrative workweek.

(b)

(1) an act of God;

(2) a terrorist attack; or

(3) another condition that prevents the employee or group of employees from safely traveling to or performing work at an approved location.

(c)

(d)

(1) guidance to agencies regarding the appropriate purposes for providing leave under this section; and

(2) the proper recording of leave provided under this section.

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(e)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2469.)

The date of enactment of this section, subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 114–328, which was approved Dec. 23, 2016.

(a)

(1) the terms "employee" and "son or daughter" have the meanings given those terms in section 6381; and

(2) the term "paid leave" means, with respect to an employee, leave without loss of or reduction in—

(A) pay;

(B) leave to which the employee is otherwise entitled under law; or

(C) credit for time or service.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1111(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1953.)

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) the term "employee" means an employee as defined by section 6301(2), excluding an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) the term "leave recipient" means an employee whose application to receive donations of leave under this subchapter is approved;

(3) the term "leave donor" means an employee whose application to make 1 or more donations of leave under this subchapter is approved; and

(4) the term "medical emergency" means a medical condition of an employee or a family member of such employee that is likely to require the prolonged absence of such employee from duty and to result in a substantial loss of income to such employee because of the unavailability of paid leave (disregarding any advanced leave).

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2834; amended Pub. L. 103–103, §3, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022.)

**1993**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 103–103 inserted "the term" after par. designation and inserted before period at end "(disregarding any advanced leave)".

Pub. L. 103–103, §6, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1024, provided that: "Except as provided in section 2 [enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section], this Act [amending this section and sections 6337, 6361, 6362, and 6373 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 6301 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect as of the 120th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 8, 1993] or such earlier date as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe."

Pub. L. 100–566, §2(d), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2844, which provided for the repeal of subchapters III (§6331 et seq.) and IV (§6361 et seq.) of this chapter effective 5 years after Oct. 31, 1988, and which also contained savings provisions for continued availability of certain leave as if such program had not been terminated, was repealed by Pub. L. 103–103, §2, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022, effective Oct. 30, 1993.

[Pub. L. 103–103, §2, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022, provided that the repeal made by that section is effective Oct. 30, 1993.]

Pub. L. 100–566, §2(c), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2844, provided that:

"(1) No later than 3 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1988], the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to implement leave transfer programs pursuant to the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 6301 of this title].

"(2) No later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act—

"(A) the head of each agency involved under sections 6332 and 6339 of title 5, United States Code, shall establish and begin operating a leave transfer program in accordance with applicable provisions of subchapter III of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code, and applicable regulations prescribed by the Office; and

"(B) the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to implement leave bank programs pursuant to the amendments made by this Act.

"(3) No later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency involved under section 6362 of title 5, United States Code, shall establish and begin operating a leave bank in accordance with subchapter IV of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code, and applicable regulations prescribed by the Office."

Pub. L. 100–566, §2(e), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2845, provided that:

"(1)(A) Within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1988] and again no later than 6 months before the scheduled termination date of any program under subchapter III or subchapter IV of chapter 63 of title 5, United States Code (excluding any program under sections 6339 and 6372 of such chapter) the Office of Personnel Management shall submit a written report to the Congress with respect to the operations of such programs.

"(B) The Office of Personnel Management may require agencies to maintain such records and to provide such information as the Office may need to carry out subparagraph (A).

"(2) The excepted agencies that establish programs under sections 6339 and 6372 of title 5, United States Code, shall report to the Congress on the operation of such programs within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act and again no later than 6 months before the scheduled termination of any such programs."

Pub. L. 100–566, §2(f), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2845, provided that: "Any temporary program allowing for transfers of leave among officers or employees of the Federal Government may, if such program is being implemented with respect to an agency (or any unit thereof) as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 31, 1988], continue to be implemented with respect to such agency (or unit), notwithstanding any provision of law which would otherwise terminate the authority for such program, pending the commencement of a leave transfer program with respect to such agency pursuant to amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1988 Amendment note set out under section 6301 of this title]. The Office of Personnel Management (or, in the case of a program established by another agency, such other agency) shall prescribe regulations to ensure that any leave which has been transferred to the credit of an officer or employee and which remains unused as of the date on which any such temporary program terminates (and a successor program commences pursuant to amendments made by this Act) shall not be lost by reason of that termination."

Notwithstanding any provision of subchapter I, and subject to the provisions of this subchapter, the Office of Personnel Management shall establish a program under which annual leave accrued or accumulated by an employee may be transferred to the annual leave account of any other employee if such other employee requires additional leave because of a medical emergency.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2834.)

(a)(1) An application to receive donations of leave under this subchapter, whether submitted by or on behalf of an employee—

(A) shall be submitted to the employing agency of the proposed leave recipient; and

(B) shall include—

(i) the name, position title, and grade or pay level of the proposed leave recipient;

(ii) the reasons why transferred leave is needed, including a brief description of the nature, severity, anticipated duration, and, if it is a recurring one, the approximate frequency of the medical emergency involved;

(iii) if the employing agency so requires, certification from 1 or more physicians, or other appropriate experts, with respect to any matter under clause (ii); and

(iv) any other information which the employing agency may reasonably require.

(2) If an agency requires that an employee obtain certification under paragraph (1)(B)(iii) from 2 or more sources, the agency shall ensure, either by direct payment to the expert involved or by reimbursement, that the employee is not required to pay for the expenses associated with obtaining certification from more than 1 of such sources.

(3) An employing agency shall approve or disapprove an application of a proposed leave recipient for leave under this subchapter, and, to the extent practicable, shall notify the proposed leave recipient (or other person acting on behalf of the proposed recipient, if appropriate) of the decision of the agency, in writing, within 10 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal public holidays) after receiving such application.

(b)(1) A leave recipient may use annual leave received under this subchapter in the same manner and for the same purposes as if such leave recipient had accrued that leave under section 6303, except that any annual leave, and any sick leave, accrued or accumulated by the leave recipient and available for the purpose involved must be exhausted before any transferred annual leave may be used.

(2)(A) The requirement under paragraph (1) relating to exhaustion of annual and sick leave shall not apply in the case of a leave recipient who—

(i) sustains a combat-related disability while a member of the armed forces, including a reserve component of the armed forces; and

(ii) is undergoing medical treatment for that disability.

(B) Subparagraph (A) shall apply to a member described in such subparagraph only so long as the member continues to undergo medical treatment for the disability, but in no event for longer than 5 years from the start of such treatment.

(C) For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) the term "combat-related disability" has the meaning given such term by section 1413a(e) of title 10; and

(ii) the term "medical treatment" has such meaning as the Office of Personnel Management shall by regulation prescribe.

(c) Transferred annual leave—

(1) may accumulate without regard to any limitation under section 6304; and

(2) may be substituted retroactively for any period of leave without pay, or used to liquidate an indebtedness for any period of advanced leave, which began on or after a date fixed by the employing agency of the employee as the beginning of the medical emergency involved.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2834; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XVI, §1675(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 484.)

**2008**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–181 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XVI, §1675(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 484, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008], except that, in the case of a leave recipient who is undergoing medical treatment on such date of enactment, section 6333(b)(2)(B) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by this section) shall be applied as if it had been amended by inserting 'or the date of the enactment of this subsection [probably should be "paragraph"], whichever is later' after 'the start of such treatment'."

(a) An employee may, by written application to the employing agency of such employee, request that a specified number of hours be transferred from the annual leave account of such employee to the annual leave account of a leave recipient in accordance with section 6332.

(b)(1) In any one leave year, a leave donor may donate no more than a total of one-half of the amount of annual leave such donor would be entitled to accrue during the leave year in which the donation is made.

(2) A leave donor who is projected to have annual leave that otherwise would be subject to forfeiture at the end of the leave year under section 6304(a) may donate no more than the number of hours remaining in the leave year (as of the date of the transfer) for which the leave donor is scheduled to work and receive pay.

(3) The employing agency of a leave donor may waive the limitation under paragraphs (1) and (2). Any such waiver shall be made in writing.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to include procedures to carry out this subchapter when the leave donor and the leave recipient are employed by different agencies.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2835.)

(a) The medical emergency affecting a leave recipient shall, for purposes of this subchapter, be considered to have terminated on the date as of which—

(1) the leave recipient notifies the employing agency of such leave recipient, in writing, that the medical emergency no longer exists;

(2) the employing agency of such leave recipient determines, after written notice and opportunity for the leave recipient (or, if appropriate, another person acting on behalf of the leave recipient) to answer orally or in writing, that the medical emergency no longer exists; or

(3) the leave recipient is separated from service.

(b)(1) The employing agency of a leave recipient shall, consistent with guidelines prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, establish procedures to ensure that a leave recipient is not permitted to use or receive any transferred leave under this subchapter after the medical emergency terminates.

(2) Nothing in section 5551, 5552, or 6306 shall apply with respect to any annual leave transferred to a leave recipient under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2836.)

(a)(1) The Office of Personnel Management shall establish procedures under which, except as provided in paragraph (2), any transferred leave remaining to the credit of a leave recipient when the medical emergency affecting the leave recipient terminates shall be restored on a prorated basis by transfer to the appropriate accounts of the respective leave donors.

(2) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall require the restoration of leave to a leave donor—

(A) if the amount of leave which would be restored to such donor would be less than 1 hour or any other shorter period of time which the Office may by regulation prescribe;

(B) if such donor retires, dies, or is otherwise separated from service, before the date on which such restoration would otherwise be made; or

(C) if such restoration is not administratively feasible, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office.

(b) At the election of the leave donor, transferred annual leave restored to such leave donor under subsection (a) may be restored by—

(1) crediting such leave to the leave donor's annual leave account in the then current leave year;

(2) crediting such leave to the leave donor's annual leave account, effective as of the first day of the first leave year beginning after the date of the election; or

(3) donating such leave in whole or part to another leave recipient; if a leave donor elects to donate only part of restored leave to another recipient, the donor may elect to have the remaining leave credited to the donor's annual leave account in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2).

(c) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which this section shall be applied in the case of an employee who is paid other than on the basis of biweekly pay periods.

(d) Restorations of leave under this section shall be carried out in a manner consistent with regulations prescribed to carry out section 6334(c), if applicable.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2836.)

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "paid leave status under subchapter I", as used with respect to an employee, means the administrative status of such employee while such employee is using sick leave, or annual leave, accrued or accumulated under subchapter I; and

(2) the term "transferred leave status", as used with respect to an employee, means the administrative status of such employee while such employee is using transferred leave under this subchapter.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, while an employee is in a transferred leave status, annual leave and sick leave shall accrue to the credit of such employee at the same rate as if such employee were then in a paid leave status under subchapter I, except that—

(A) the maximum amount of annual leave which may be accrued by an employee while in transferred leave status in connection with any particular medical emergency may not exceed 5 days; and

(B) the maximum amount of sick leave which may be accrued by an employee while in transferred leave status in connection with any particular medical emergency may not exceed 5 days.

(2) Any annual or sick leave accrued by an employee under this section—

(A) shall be credited to an annual leave or sick leave account, as appropriate, separate from any leave account of such employee under subchapter I; and

(B) shall not become available for use by such employee, and may not otherwise be taken into account under subchapter I, until, in accordance with subsection (c), it is transferred to the appropriate leave account of such employee under subchapter I.

(c)(1) Any annual or sick leave accrued by an employee under this section shall be transferred to the appropriate leave account of such employee under subchapter I, and shall be available for use—

(A) as of the beginning of the first applicable pay period beginning after the date on which the employee's medical emergency terminates as described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 6335(a); or

(B) if the employee's medical emergency has not yet terminated, once the employee has exhausted all transferred leave made available to such employee under this subchapter.

(2) In the event that the employee's medical emergency terminates as described in section 6335(a)(3)—

(A) any leave accrued but not yet transferred under this section shall not be credited to such employee; or

(B) if there remains, as of the date the emergency so terminates, any leave which became available to such employee under paragraph (1)(B), such leave shall cease to be available for any purpose.

(d) Nothing in this section shall be considered to prevent, with respect to a continuing medical emergency, further transfers of leave for use after leave accrued under this section has been exhausted by the employee.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2837; amended Pub. L. 103–103, §4, Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022.)

**1993**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 103–103 amended subsec. (c) generally and added subsec. (d). Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows:

"(1) Any annual or sick leave accrued by an employee under this section shall be transferred to the appropriate leave account of such employee under subchapter I, effective as of the beginning of the first applicable pay period beginning after the date on which the employee's medical emergency terminates as described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 6335(a).

"(2) If the employee's medical emergency terminates as described in section 6335(a)(3), no leave shall be credited to such employee under this section."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–103 effective as of the 120th day after Oct. 8, 1993, or such earlier date as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, see section 6 of Pub. L. 103–103, set out as a note under section 6331 of this title.

(a) An employee may not directly or indirectly intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other employee for the purpose of interfering with any right which such employee may have with respect to contributing, receiving, or using annual leave under this subchapter.

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a), the term "intimidate, threaten, or coerce" includes promising to confer or conferring any benefit (such as an appointment, promotion, or compensation), or effecting or threatening to effect any reprisal (such as deprivation of appointment, promotion, or compensation).

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2837.)

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "excepted agency" means—

(A) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(B) the Defense Intelligence Agency;

(C) the National Security Agency;

(D) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(E) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; and

(F) as determined by the President, any Executive agency or unit thereof, the principal function of which is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; and

(2) the term "head of an excepted agency" means—

(A) with respect to the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of Central Intelligence;

(B) with respect to the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency;

(C) with respect to the National Security Agency, the Director of the National Security Agency;

(D) with respect to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(E) with respect to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; and

(F) with respect to an Executive agency designated under paragraph (1)(F), the head of such Executive agency, and with respect to a unit of an Executive agency designated under paragraph (1)(F), such individual as the President may determine.

(b)(1) The head of an excepted agency shall, by regulation, establish a program under which annual leave accrued or accumulated by an employee of such agency may be transferred to the annual leave account of any other employee of such agency if such other employee requires additional leave because of a medical emergency.

(2) To the extent practicable, and consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods (if applicable), each program under this subsection shall be established—

(A) in a manner consistent with the provisions of this subchapter applicable to the program; and

(B) without regard to any provisions relating to transfers or restorations of leave between employees in different agencies.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding any provision of subsection (b), the head of an excepted agency may, at his sole discretion, by regulation establish a program under which an individual employed in or under such excepted agency may participate in a leave transfer program established under the provisions of this subchapter outside of this section, including provisions permitting the transfer of annual leave accrued or accumulated by such employee to, or permitting such employee to receive transferred leave from, an employee of any other agency (including another excepted agency having a program under this subsection).

(2) To the extent practicable and consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods, any program established under paragraph (1) shall be consistent with the provisions of this subchapter outside of this section and with any regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management implementing this subchapter.

(d) The Office shall provide the head of an excepted agency with such advice and assistance as the head of such agency may request in order to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2838; amended Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(i), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 107–306, title III, §322, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2391; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E), (2)(E). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" wherever appearing.

**2002**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–306, §322(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, neither an excepted agency nor any individual employed in or under an excepted agency may be included in a leave transfer program established under any of the preceding provisions of this subchapter."

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 107–306, §322(b)(1), substituted "under this subsection" for "under this section" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 107–306, §322(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–306, §322(b)(2), struck out "of Personnel Management" after "The Office".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 104–201, §1122(a)(1), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 104–201, §1122(a)(2), substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency, the Director of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office, the Director of the Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E), (F). Pub. L. 103–359, §501(i)(1), added subpar. (E) and redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F).

Subsec. (a)(2)(E), (F). Pub. L. 103–359, §501(i)(2), added subpar. (E), redesignated former subpar. (E) as (F), and substituted "paragraph (1)(F)" for "paragraph (1)(E)" in two places in subpar. (F).

Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Except to the extent that the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, nothing in section 7351 shall apply with respect to a solicitation, donation, or acceptance of leave under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2838.)

For the purpose of this subchapter the term—

(1) "employee" means an employee as defined by section 6301(2), but shall exclude any individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "executive agency" means any executive agency or any administrative unit thereof;

(3) "leave bank" means a leave bank established under section 6363;

(4) "leave contributor" means an employee who contributes leave to an agency leave bank under section 6365;

(5) "leave recipient" means an employee whose application under section 6367 to receive contributions of leave from a leave bank is approved; and

(6) "medical emergency" means a medical condition of an employee or a family member of such employee that is likely to require the prolonged absence of such employee from duty and to result in a substantial loss of income to such employee because of the unavailability of paid leave (disregarding any advanced leave).

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2839; amended Pub. L. 103–103, §3(a), Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1022.)

**1993**—Par. (6). Pub. L. 103–103 inserted before period at end "(disregarding any advanced leave)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–103 effective as of the 120th day after Oct. 8, 1993, or such earlier date as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, see section 6 of Pub. L. 103–103, set out as a note under section 6331 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–58, §3, June 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 299, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) an employee of the Judicial Branch may (during a period specified by the Director of the Administrative Office) donate any unused annual leave from the employee's annual leave account to a leave bank established by the Director;

"(2) the total amount of annual leave that has been donated under paragraph (1) shall be divided equally among the annual leave accounts of all employees who have been members of the Armed Forces serving on active duty during the Persian Gulf conflict pursuant to an order issued under section 672(a) [now 12301(a)], 672(g) [now 12301(g)], 673 [now 12302], 673b [now 12304], 674 [now 12306], 675 [now 12307], or 688 of title 10, United States Code, and who return to employment with the Judicial Branch; and

"(3) such Persian Gulf conflict participants who have returned to Judicial Branch employment may use such annual leave, after it is credited to their leave accounts, in the same manner as any other annual leave to their credit.

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 102–25, title III, §361, Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 92, as amended by Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title X, §1054(c)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2502, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) an employee in any executive agency may (during a period specified by the Office of Personnel Management) donate any unused annual leave from the employee's annual leave account to a leave bank established by the Office of Personnel Management;

"(2) the total annual leave that has been donated under paragraph (1) shall be divided equally among the annual leave accounts of all employees who have been members of the Armed Forces serving on active duty during the Persian Gulf conflict pursuant to an order issued under section 672(a) [now 12301(a)], 672(g) [now 12301(g)], 673 [now 12302], 673b [now 12304], 674 [now 12306], 675 [now 12307], or 688 of title 10, United States Code, and who return to civilian employment with their agencies; and

"(3) such Persian Gulf concflict [sic] participants who have returned to civilian employment may use such annual leave, after it is credited to their leave accounts, in the same manner as any other annual leave to their credit.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

Notwithstanding any provision of subchapter I, and subject to the provisions of this subchapter, the Office of Personnel Management shall establish a program under which—

(1) annual leave accrued or accumulated by an employee may be contributed to a leave bank established by the employing agency of such employee; and

(2) leave from such a leave bank may be made available to an employee who requires such leave because of a medical emergency.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2839; amended Pub. L. 103–103, §5(b), Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1023.)

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–103 struck out subsec. (a) designation and struck out subsec. (b) which read as follows: "To test voluntary leave bank programs under the provisions of this subchapter, the Office of Personnel Management shall establish a demonstration project in at least 3 Executive agencies, of which—

"(1) one such agency shall include approximately, but not less than, the equivalent of 100,000 full-time positions;

"(2) one such agency shall include approximately, but not less than, the equivalent of 25,000 full-time positions; and

"(3) one such agency shall include approximately, but not less than, the equivalent of 1,000 full-time positions."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–103 effective as of the 120th day after Oct. 8, 1993, or such earlier date as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, see section 6 of Pub. L. 103–103, set out as a note under section 6331 of this title.

Each agency that establishes a leave bank program under section 6362 shall establish 1 or more leave banks in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2839.)

(a)(1) Each agency that establishes a leave bank shall establish a Leave Bank Board consisting of 3 members, at least one of whom shall represent a labor organization or employee group, to administer the leave bank under the provisions of this subchapter, in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management.

(2) An agency may establish more than 1 Leave Bank Board based upon the administrative units within the agency. No more than 1 board may be established for each leave bank.

(b) Each such Board shall—

(1) review and approve applications to the leave bank under section 6367;

(2) monitor each case of a leave recipient;

(3) monitor the amount of leave in the leave bank and the number of applications for use of leave from the bank; and

(4) maintain an adequate amount of leave in the leave bank to the greatest extent practicable.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2839.)

(a)(1) An employee may, by written application to the Leave Bank Board, request that a specified number of hours be transferred from the annual leave account of such employee to the leave bank established by such agency.

(2) An employee may state a concern and desire to aid a specified proposed leave recipient or a leave recipient in the application filed under paragraph (1).

(b)(1) Upon approving an application under subsection (a), the employing agency of the leave contributor may transfer all or any part of the number of hours requested for transfer, except that the number of hours so transferred may not exceed the limitations under paragraph (2).

(2)(A) In any one leave year, a leave contributor may contribute no more than a total of one-half of the amount of annual leave such contributor would be entitled to accrue during the leave year in which the contribution is made.

(B) A leave contributor who is projected to have annual leave that otherwise would be subject to forfeiture at the end of the leave year under section 6304(a) may contribute no more than the number of hours remaining in the leave year (as of the date of the contribution) for which the leave contributor is scheduled to work and receive pay.

(c) The Leave Bank Board of a leave contributor may waive the limitations under subsection (b)(2). Any such waiver shall be in writing.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations establishing an open enrollment period during which an employee may contribute leave under subsection (a) for a leave year.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2840.)

(a) An employee is eligible to be a leave recipient if such employee—

(1) experiences a medical emergency and submits an application pursuant to section 6367(a); and

(2)(A) contributes the minimum number of hours as required under subsection (b) of accrued or accumulated annual leave to the leave bank of the employing agency of such employee, in the leave year (beginning in and including any part of a leave year in which such leave bank is established) that such employee submits an application to be a leave recipient under section 6367(a); and

(B) such contribution is made before such employee submits an application under section 6367(a).

(b)(1) An employee shall contribute the minimum number of hours required under subsection (a)(2)(A), if such employee is an employee—

(A) for less than 3 years of service and contributes a minimum of 4 hours;

(B) for between 3 years and less than 15 years of service and contributes a minimum of 6 hours; or

(C) for 15 years or more of service and contributes a minimum of 8 hours.

(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1), the Leave Bank Board of an agency, after consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, may—

(A) reduce the minimum number of hours required under paragraph (1) for any leave year, if such Board determines there is a surplus of leave in the leave bank; and

(B) increase the number of minimum hours required under paragraph (1) for the succeeding leave year, in any leave year in which the Board determines there is a shortage of leave in the leave bank.

(c) An employee shall meet the requirements of subsection (a)(2)(A) if such employee contributes the minimum number of hours as required under subsection (b) of accrued or accumulated annual leave to the leave bank with which such employee submits an application to be a leave recipient under section 6367(a).

(d) The provisions of subsection (a) may not be construed to limit the amount of the voluntary contribution of annual leave to a leave bank, which does not exceed the limitations of section 6365(b).

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2840.)

(a) An application to receive contributions of leave from a leave bank, whether submitted by or on behalf of an employee—

(1) shall be submitted to the Leave Bank Board of the employing agency of the proposed leave recipient; and

(2) shall include—

(A) the name, position title, and grade or pay level of the proposed leave recipient;

(B) the reasons why leave is needed, including a brief description of the nature, severity, anticipated duration, and, if it is a recurring one, the approximate frequency of the medical emergency involved;

(C) if such Board so requires, certification from 1 or more physicians, or other appropriate experts, with respect to any matter under subparagraph (B); and

(D) any other information which such Board may reasonably require.

If a Board requires that an employee obtain certification under paragraph (2)(C) from 2 or more sources, the agency shall ensure, either by direct payment to the expert involved or by reimbursement, that the employee is not required to pay for the expenses associated with obtaining certification from more than 1 of such sources.

(b) The Leave Bank Board of an employing agency may approve an application submitted under subsection (a).

(c) A leave recipient may use annual leave received from the leave bank established by the employing agency of such employee under this subchapter in the same manner and for the same purposes as if such leave recipient had accrued such leave under section 6303, except that any annual leave and, if applicable, any sick leave accrued or accumulated to the leave recipient shall be used before any leave from the leave bank may be used.

(d) Transferred annual leave—

(1) may accumulate without regard to any limitation under section 6304; and

(2) may be substituted retroactively for any period of leave without pay, or used to liquidate an indebtedness for any period of advanced leave, which began on or after a date fixed by the employing agency of the employee as the beginning of the medical emergency involved.

(e) Except to the extent that the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations, nothing in the provisions of section 7351 shall apply to any solicitation, contribution, or use of leave to or from a leave bank under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2841.)

(a) The medical emergency affecting a leave recipient shall, for purposes of this subchapter, be considered to have terminated on the date as of which—

(1) the leave recipient notifies the Leave Bank Board in writing, that the medical emergency no longer exists;

(2) the Leave Bank Board of such leave recipient determines, after written notice and opportunity for the leave recipient (or, if appropriate, another person acting on behalf of the leave recipient) to answer orally or in writing, that the medical emergency no longer exists; or

(3) the leave recipient is separated from service.

(b)(1) The Leave Bank Board of a recipient shall, consistent with guidelines prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, establish procedures to ensure that a leave recipient is not permitted to use or receive any transferred leave under this subchapter after the medical emergency terminates.

(2) Nothing in section 5551, 5552, or 6306 shall apply with respect to any annual leave transferred to a leave recipient under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2842.)

The Office of Personnel Management shall establish procedures under which any transferred leave remaining to the credit of a leave recipient when the medical emergency affecting the leave recipient terminates, shall be restored to the leave bank.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2842.)

(a) An employee may not directly or indirectly intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other employee for the purpose of interfering with any right which such employee may have with respect to contributing, receiving, or using annual leave under this subchapter.

(b) For the purpose of subsection (a), the term "intimidate, threaten, or coerce" includes promising to confer or conferring any benefit (such as an appointment, promotion, or compensation), or effecting or threatening to effect any reprisal (such as deprivation of appointment, promotion, or compensation).

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2842.)

While using leave made available to an employee from a leave bank, annual and sick leave shall accrue to the credit of such employee and shall become available for use by such employee in the same manner as provided for under section 6337.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2843.)

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "excepted agency" has the same meaning as such term is defined under section 6339(a)(1) of this title; and

(2) the term "head of an excepted agency" has the same meaning as such term is defined under section 6339(a)(2) of this title.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) and notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, neither an excepted agency nor any individual employed in or under an excepted agency may be included in a leave bank program established under any of the preceding provisions of this subchapter.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation may authorize an individual employed by the Bureau to participate in a leave bank program administered by the Department of Justice under this subchapter if in the Director's judgment such participation will not adversely affect the protection of intelligence sources and methods.

(c)(1) The head of an excepted agency may, by regulation, establish a voluntary leave bank program under which annual leave accrued or accumulated by an employee of such agency may be contributed to a leave bank, and any other employee of such agency may receive additional leave from such leave bank because of a medical emergency.

(2) To the extent practicable, and consistent with the protection of intelligence sources and methods (if applicable), each program under this section shall be established in a manner consistent with the provisions of this subchapter applicable to the program.

(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall provide the head of an excepted agency with such advice and assistance as the head of such agency may request in order to carry out the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2843; amended Pub. L. 112–87, title IV, §432, Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1894.)

**2012**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 112–87 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, neither an excepted agency nor any individual employed in or under an excepted agency may be included in a leave bank program established under any of the preceding provisions of this subchapter."

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which an employee participating in a leave bank program under this subchapter may, subject to such terms or conditions as the Office may establish, also make or receive donations of leave under subchapter III.

(b) Notwithstanding any provision of section 6337 or 6371, if an employee uses leave transferred to such employee under subchapter III and leave made available to such employee under this subchapter in connection with the same medical emergency, the maximum number of days of annual leave and sick leave, respectively, which may accrue to such employee in connection with such medical emergency shall be the same as if all of that leave had been made available to such employee under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 100–566, §2(a), Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2843; amended Pub. L. 103–103, §5(a)(1), Oct. 8, 1993, 107 Stat. 1023.)

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–103 substituted "Authority to participate in both programs" for "Limitation on employee participation" in section catchline and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "An employee in a unit of an agency that establishes a leave bank program under the provisions of this subchapter may not participate in a leave transfer program under the provisions of subchapter III."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–103 effective as of the 120th day after Oct. 8, 1993, or such earlier date as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe, see section 6 of Pub. L. 103–103, set out as a note under section 6331 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) the term "employee" means any individual who—

(A) is an "employee", as defined by section 6301(2), including any individual employed in a position referred to in clause (ix) of section 6301(2), but excluding any individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia 1 any individual employed on a temporary or intermittent basis, and any employee of the Government Accountability Office or the Library of Congress; and

(B) has completed at least 12 months of service—

(i) as an employee (as that term is defined in section 2105) of the Government of the United States, including service with the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, and a nonappropriated fund instrumentality as described in section 2105(c); or

(ii) which qualifies as honorable active service in the Army, Navy, Air Force, Space Force, or Marine Corps of the United States;

(2) the term "health care provider" means—

(A) a doctor of medicine or osteopathy who is authorized to practice medicine or surgery (as appropriate) by the State in which the doctor practices; and

(B) any other person determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be capable of providing health care services;

(3) the term "parent" means the biological parent of an employee or an individual who stood in loco parentis to an employee when the employee was a son or daughter;

(4) the term "reduced leave schedule" means a leave schedule that reduces the usual number of hours per workweek, or hours per workday, of an employee;

(5) the term "serious health condition" means an illness, injury, impairment, or physical or mental condition that involves—

(A) inpatient care in a hospital, hospice, or residential medical care facility; or

(B) continuing treatment by a health care provider;

(6) the term "son or daughter" means a biological, adopted, or foster child, a stepchild, a legal ward, or a child of a person standing in loco parentis, who is—

(A) under 18 years of age; or

(B) 18 years of age or older and incapable of self-care because of a mental or physical disability;

(7) the term "covered active duty" means—

(A) in the case of a member of a regular component of the Armed Forces, duty during the deployment of the member with the Armed Forces to a foreign country; and

(B) in the case of a member of a reserve component of the Armed Forces, duty during the deployment of the member with the Armed Forces to a foreign country under a call or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10, United States Code;

(8) the term "covered servicemember" means—

(A) a member of the Armed Forces (including a member of the National Guard or Reserves) who is undergoing medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy, is otherwise in outpatient status, or is otherwise on the temporary disability retired list, for a serious injury or illness; or

(B) a veteran who is undergoing medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy, for a serious injury or illness and who was a member of the Armed Forces (including a member of the National Guard or Reserves) at any time during the period of 5 years preceding the date on which the veteran undergoes that medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy;

(9) the term "outpatient status", with respect to a covered servicemember, means the status of a member of the Armed Forces assigned to—

(A) a military medical treatment facility as an outpatient; or

(B) a unit established for the purpose of providing command and control of members of the Armed Forces receiving medical care as outpatients;

(10) the term "next of kin", used with respect to an individual, means the nearest blood relative of that individual;

(11) the term "serious injury or illness"—

(A) in the case of a member of the Armed Forces (including a member of the National Guard or Reserves), means an injury or illness that was incurred by the member in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces (or existed before the beginning of the member's active duty and was aggravated by service in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces) and that may render the member medically unfit to perform the duties of the member's office, grade, rank, or rating; and

(B) in the case of a veteran who was a member of the Armed Forces (including a member of the National Guard or Reserves) at any time during a period described in paragraph (8)(B), means an injury or illness that was incurred by the member in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces (or existed before the beginning of the member's active duty and was aggravated by service in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces) and that manifested itself before or after the member became a veteran; and

(12) the term "veteran" has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 38, United States Code.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 19; amended Pub. L. 104–1, title II, §202(c)(2), Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 9; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §585(b)(1), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(b)(1)(A), (2), (3), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2311, 2312; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1103(f)(2), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3889; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1114(a), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 432.)

**2023**—Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 118–31 amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "has completed at least 12 months of service as an employee (as defined in section 2105) of the Government of the United States, including service with the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, and a nonappropriated fund instrumentality as described in section 2105(c);".

**2021**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 116–283, §1103(f)(2)(A), struck out "(v) or" before "(ix) of section 6301(2)".

Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 116–283, §1103(f)(2)(B), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "has completed at least 12 months of service as an employee (within the meaning of subparagraph (A));".

**2009**—Par. (7). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(1)(A), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "the term 'active duty' means duty under a call or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10;".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(2), amended par. (8) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (8) read as follows: "the term 'covered servicemember' means a member of the Armed Forces, including a member of the National Guard or Reserves, who is undergoing medical treatment, recuperation, or therapy, is otherwise in an outpatient status, or is otherwise on the temporary disability retired list, for a serious injury or illness;".

Pars. (11), (12). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(3), added pars. (11) and (12) and struck out former par. (11) which read as follows: "the term 'serious injury or illness', in the case of a member of the Armed Forces, means an injury or illness incurred by the member in line of duty on active duty in the Armed Forces that may render the member medically unfit to perform the duties of the member's office, grade, rank, or rating."

**2008**—Pars. (7) to (11). Pub. L. 110–181 added pars. (7) to (11).

**2004**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1995**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 104–1 struck out "and" after "District of Columbia" and inserted ", and any employee of the General Accounting Office or the Library of Congress" before semicolon.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–1 effective 1 year after transmission to Congress of the study under section 1371 of Title 2, The Congress, see section 1312(f)(2) of Title 2. The study required under section 1371 of Title 2, dated Dec. 31, 1996, was transmitted to Congress by the Board of Directors of the Office of Compliance on Dec. 30, 1996.

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(b)(5), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2312, provided that: "In prescribing regulations to carry out the amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 6382 and 6383 of this title], the Office of Personnel Management shall consult with the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs, as applicable."

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a)(1) Subject to section 6383 and subsection (d)(2) of this section, an employee shall be entitled to a total of 12 administrative workweeks of leave during any 12-month period for one or more of the following:

(A) Because of the birth of a son or daughter of the employee and in order to care for such son or daughter.

(B) Because of the placement of a son or daughter with the employee for adoption or foster care.

(C) In order to care for the spouse, or a son, daughter, or parent, of the employee, if such spouse, son, daughter, or parent has a serious health condition.

(D) Because of a serious health condition that makes the employee unable to perform the functions of the employee's position.

(E) Because of any qualifying exigency arising out of the fact that the spouse, or a son, daughter, or parent of the employee is on covered active duty (or has been notified of an impending call or order to covered active duty) in the Armed Forces.

(2) The entitlement to leave under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) based on the birth or placement of a son or daughter shall expire at the end of the 12-month period beginning on the date of such birth or placement.

(3) Subject to section 6383, an employee who is the spouse, son, daughter, parent, or next of kin of a covered servicemember shall be entitled to a total of 26 administrative workweeks of leave during a 12-month period to care for the servicemember. The leave described in this paragraph shall only be available during a single 12-month period.

(4) Subject to subsection (d)(2), during the single 12-month period described in paragraph (3), an employee shall be entitled to a combined total of 26 administrative workweeks of leave under paragraphs (1) and (3). Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to limit the availability of leave under paragraph (1) during any other 12-month period.

(b)(1) Leave under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) shall not be taken by an employee intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule unless the employee and the employing agency of the employee agree otherwise. Subject to paragraph (2), subsection (e)(2), and subsection (b)(5) or (f) (as appropriate) of section 6383, leave under subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (a)(1) or under subsection (a)(3) may be taken intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule when medically necessary. Subject to subsection (e)(3) and section 6383(f), leave under subsection (a)(1)(E) may be taken intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule. In the case of an employee who takes leave intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule pursuant to this paragraph, any hours of leave so taken by such employee shall be subtracted from the total amount of leave remaining available to such employee under subsection (a), for purposes of the 12-month period involved, on an hour-for-hour basis.

(2) If an employee requests intermittent leave, or leave on a reduced leave schedule, under subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (a)(1) or under subsection (a)(3), that is foreseeable based on planned medical treatment, the employing agency may require such employee to transfer temporarily to an available alternative position offered by the employing agency for which the employee is qualified and that—

(A) has equivalent pay and benefits; and

(B) better accommodates recurring periods of leave than the regular employment position of the employee.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (d), leave granted under subsection (a) shall be leave without pay.

(d)(1) An employee may elect to substitute for leave under subparagraph (C), (D), or (E) of subsection (a)(1) any of the employee's accrued or accumulated annual or sick leave for any part of the 12-week period of leave under such subsection, except that nothing in this subchapter shall require an employing agency to provide paid sick leave in any situation in which such employing agency would not normally provide any such paid leave. An employee may elect to substitute for leave under subsection (a)(3) any of the employee's accrued or accumulated annual or sick leave for any part of the 26-week period of leave under such subsection.

(2)(A) An employee may elect to substitute for any leave without pay under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) any paid leave which is available to such employee for that purpose.

(B) The paid leave that is available to an employee for purposes of subparagraph (A) is—

(i) 12 administrative workweeks of paid parental leave under this subparagraph in connection with the birth or placement involved; and

(ii) during the 12-month period referred to in subsection (a)(1), and in addition to the 12 administrative workweeks under clause (i), any annual or sick leave accrued or accumulated by such employee.

(C) Nothing in this subsection shall be considered to require that an employee first use all or any portion of the leave described in subparagraph (B)(ii) before being allowed to use the paid parental leave described in subparagraph (B)(i).

(D) Paid parental leave under subparagraph (B)(i)—

(i) shall be payable from any appropriation or fund available for salaries or expenses for positions within the employing agency;

(ii) shall not be considered to be annual or vacation leave for purposes of section 5551 or 5552 or for any other purpose; and

(iii) if not used by the employee before the end of the 12-month period (as referred to in subsection (a)(1)) to which it relates, shall not accumulate for any subsequent use.

(E) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to modify the requirement to complete at least 12 months of service as an employee (within the meaning of section 6381(1)(A)) before the date of the applicable birth or placement involved to be eligible for paid parental leave under subparagraph (B)(i) of this paragraph.

(F)(i) An employee may not take leave under this paragraph unless the employee agrees (in writing), before the commencement of such leave, to work for the applicable employing agency for not less than a period of 12 weeks beginning on the date such leave concludes.

(ii) The head of the agency shall waive the requirement in clause (i) in any instance where the employee is unable to return to work because of the continuation, recurrence, or onset of a serious health condition (including mental health), related to the applicable birth or placement of a child, of the employee or the child.

(iii) The head of the employing agency may require that an employee who claims to be unable to return to work because of a health condition described under clause (ii) provide certification supporting such claim by the health care provider of the employee or the child (as the case may be). The employee shall provide such certification to the head in a timely manner.

(G)(i) If an employee fails to return from paid leave provided under this paragraph after the date such leave concludes, the employing agency may recover, from such employee, an amount equal to the total amount of Government contributions paid by the agency under section 8906 on behalf of the employee for maintaining such employee's health coverage under chapter 89 during the period of such leave.

(ii) Clause (i) shall not apply to any employee who fails to return from such leave due to—

(I) the continuation, recurrence, or onset of a serious health condition as described under, and consistent with the requirements of, subparagraph (F); or

(II) any other circumstance beyond the control of the employee.

(e)(1) In any case in which the necessity for leave under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1) or under subsection (a)(3) is foreseeable based on an expected birth or placement, the employee shall provide the employing agency with not less than 30 days' notice, before the date the leave is to begin, of the employee's intention to take leave under such subparagraph, except that if the date of the birth or placement requires leave to begin in less than 30 days, the employee shall provide such notice as is practicable.

(2) In any case in which the necessity for leave under subparagraph (C) or (D) of subsection (a)(1) or under subsection (a)(3) is foreseeable based on planned medical treatment, the employee—

(A) shall make a reasonable effort to schedule the treatment so as not to disrupt unduly the operations of the employing agency, subject to the approval of the health care provider of the employee or the health care provider of the son, daughter, spouse, parent, or covered servicemember of the employee, as appropriate; and

(B) shall provide the employing agency with not less than 30 days' notice, before the date the leave is to begin, of the employee's intention to take leave under such subparagraph, except that if the date of the treatment requires leave to begin in less than 30 days, the employee shall provide such notice as is practicable.

(3) In any case in which the necessity for leave under subsection (a)(1)(E) is foreseeable, whether because the spouse, or a son, daughter, or parent, of the employee is on covered active duty, or because of notification of an impending call or order to covered active duty, the employee shall provide such notice to the employer as is reasonable and practicable.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 20; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §585(b)(2)–(3)(C), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(b)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4612; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(b)(1)(B), (4), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2311, 2312; Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXVI, §7602(a), (b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2304, 2305; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1103(f)(3), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3889.)

**2021**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 116–283, §1103(f)(3)(A), struck out "under subchapter I" before "for any part" in two places.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 116–283, §1103(f)(3)(B), struck out before period at end "under subchapter I".

**2019**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–92, §7602(b)(1), which directed amendment of section 6382(a)(1), without specifying the title to be amended, by inserting "and subsection (d)(2) of this section" after "section 6383" in introductory provisions, was executed to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 116–92, §7602(b)(2), which directed amendment of section 6382(a)(4), without specifying the title to be amended, by substituting "Subject to subsection (d)(2), during" for "During", was executed to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–92, §7602(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "subparagraph (C)," for "subparagraph (A), (B), (C),", and added par. (2). Amendment made by section 7602(a)(1) directing substitution of "(1) An employee" for "An employee" was executed to "An employee" appearing at the beginning of the subsection, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2009**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(1)(B)(i), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(1)(B)(ii), inserted after second sentence "Subject to subsection (e)(3) and section 6383(f), leave under subsection (a)(1)(E) may be taken intermittently or on a reduced leave schedule."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(1)(B)(iii), substituted "(D), or (E)" for "or (D)".

Subsec. (e)(2)(A). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(4), substituted "parent, or covered servicemember" for "or parent".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 111–84, §565(b)(1)(B)(iv), added par. (3).

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(b)(2), added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(b)(3)(A)(i), in second sentence, substituted "subsection (b)(5) or (f) (as appropriate) of section 6383" for "section 6383(b)(5)" and inserted "or under subsection (a)(3)" after "subsection (a)(1)".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(b)(3)(A)(ii), inserted "or under subsection (a)(3)" after "subsection (a)(1)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(b)(3)(B), inserted at end "An employee may elect to substitute for leave under subsection (a)(3) any of the employee's accrued or accumulated annual or sick leave under subchapter I for any part of the 26-week period of leave under such subsection."

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–181, §585(b)(3)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 110–417, inserted "or under subsection (a)(3)" after "subsection (a)(1)" in par. (1) and in introductory provisions of par. (2).

Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXVI, §7602(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2306, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not be effective with respect to any birth or placement occurring before October 1, 2020."

Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title X, §1061(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4612, provided that the amendment made by section 1061(b)(2) is effective as of Jan. 28, 2008, and as if included in Pub. L. 110–181 as enacted.

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

Pub. L. 116–92, div. F, title LXXVI, §7605(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2308, provided that: "For purposes of determining the eligibility of an employee who is a member of the National Guard or Reserves to take leave under section 6382(a) of title 5, United States Code, or to substitute such leave pursuant to subsection (d)(2)(A) of section 6382 of such title (as added by section 1102 [probably means section "7602" of Pub. L. 116–92]), any service by such employee on active duty (as defined in section 6381(7) of such title) shall be counted as service as an employee for purposes of section 6381(1)(B) of such title."

(a) An employing agency may require that a request for leave under subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 6382(a)(1) be supported by certification issued by the health care provider of the employee or of the son, daughter, spouse, or parent of the employee, as appropriate. The employee shall provide, in a timely manner, a copy of such certification to the employing agency.

(b) A certification provided under subsection (a) shall be sufficient if it states—

(1) the date on which the serious health condition commenced;

(2) the probable duration of the condition;

(3) the appropriate medical facts within the knowledge of the health care provider regarding the condition;

(4)(A) for purposes of leave under section 6382(a)(1)(C), a statement that the employee is needed to care for the son, daughter, spouse, or parent, and an estimate of the amount of time that such employee is needed to care for such son, daughter, spouse, or parent; and

(B) for purposes of leave under section 6382(a)(1)(D), a statement that the employee is unable to perform the functions of the position of the employee; and

(5) in the case of certification for intermittent leave, or leave on a reduced leave schedule, for planned medical treatment, the dates on which such treatment is expected to be given and the duration of such treatment.

(c)(1) In any case in which the employing agency has reason to doubt the validity of the certification provided under subsection (a) for leave under subparagraph (C) or (D) of section 6382(a)(1), the employing agency may require, at the expense of the agency, that the employee obtain the opinion of a second health care provider designated or approved by the employing agency concerning any information certified under subsection (b) for such leave.

(2) Any health care provider designated or approved under paragraph (1) shall not be employed on a regular basis by the employing agency.

(d)(1) In any case in which the second opinion described in subsection (c) differs from the original certification provided under subsection (a), the employing agency may require, at the expense of the agency, that the employee obtain the opinion of a third health care provider designated or approved jointly by the employing agency and the employee concerning the information certified under subsection (b).

(2) The opinion of the third health care provider concerning the information certified under subsection (b) shall be considered to be final and shall be binding on the employing agency and the employee.

(e) The employing agency may require, at the expense of the agency, that the employee obtain subsequent recertifications on a reasonable basis.

(f) An employing agency may require that a request for leave under paragraph (1)(E) or (3) of section 6382(a) be supported by a certification issued at such time and in such manner as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 21; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title V, §585(b)(3)(D), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 132; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title V, §565(b)(1)(C), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2311.)

**2009**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "paragraph (1)(E) or (3) of section 6382(a)" for "section 6382(a)(3)".

**2008**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–181 added subsec. (f).

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

(a) Any employee who takes leave under section 6382 for the intended purpose of the leave shall be entitled, upon return from such leave—

(1) to be restored by the employing agency to the position held by the employee when the leave commenced; or

(2) to be restored to an equivalent position with equivalent benefits, pay, status, and other terms and conditions of employment.

(b) The taking of leave under section 6382 shall not result in the loss of any employment benefit accrued prior to the date on which the leave commenced.

(c) Except as otherwise provided by or under law, nothing in this section shall be construed to entitle any restored employee to—

(1) the accrual of any employment benefits during any period of leave; or

(2) any right, benefit, or position of employment other than any right, benefit, or position to which the employee would have been entitled had the employee not taken the leave.

(d) As a condition to restoration under subsection (a) for an employee who takes leave under section 6382(a)(1)(D), the employing agency may have a uniformly applied practice or policy that requires each such employee to receive certification from the health care provider of the employee that the employee is able to resume work.

(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an employing agency from requiring an employee on leave under section 6382 to report periodically to the employing agency on the status and intention of the employee to return to work.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 22.)

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

(a) An employee shall not directly or indirectly intimidate, threaten, or coerce, or attempt to intimidate, threaten, or coerce, any other employee for the purpose of interfering with the exercise of any rights which such other employee may have under this subchapter.

(b) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "intimidate, threaten, or coerce" includes promising to confer or conferring any benefit (such as appointment, promotion, or compensation), or taking or threatening to take any reprisal (such as deprivation of appointment, promotion, or compensation); and

(2) the term "employee" means any "employee", as defined by section 2105.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 22.)

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

An employee enrolled in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 who is placed in a leave status under section 6382 may elect to continue the health benefits enrollment of the employee while in such leave status and arrange to pay currently into the Employees Health Benefits Fund (described in section 8909), the appropriate employee contributions.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23.)

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this subchapter. The regulations prescribed under this subchapter shall, to the extent appropriate, be consistent with the regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor to carry out title I of the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.

(Added Pub. L. 103–3, title II, §201(a)(1), Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 23.)

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 103–3, Feb. 5, 1993, 107 Stat. 6. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§2611 et seq.) of chapter 28 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2601 of Title 29 and Tables.

Section effective 6 months after Feb. 5, 1993, see section 405(b)(1) of Pub. L. 103–3, set out as a note under section 2601 of Title 29, Labor.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "employee" means an employee as defined in section 6331(1); and

(2) "agency" means an Executive agency.

(b) In the event of a major disaster or emergency, as declared by the President, that results in severe adverse effects for a substantial number of employees, the President may direct the Office of Personnel Management to establish an emergency leave transfer program under which any employee in any agency may donate unused annual leave for transfer to employees of the same or other agencies who are adversely affected by such disaster or emergency.

(c) The Office shall establish appropriate requirements for the operation of the emergency leave transfer program under subsection (b), including appropriate limitations on the donation and use of annual leave under the program. An employee may receive and use leave under the program without regard to any requirement that any annual leave and sick leave to a leave recipient's credit must be exhausted before any transferred annual leave may be used.

(d) A leave bank established under subchapter IV may, to the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Office, donate annual leave to the emergency leave transfer program established under subsection (b).

(e) Except to the extent that the Office may prescribe by regulation, nothing in section 7351 shall apply to any solicitation, donation, or acceptance of leave under this section.

(f) After consultation with the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Office of Personnel Management shall provide for the participation of employees in the judicial branch in any emergency leave transfer program under this section.

(g) The Office shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 105–18, title II, §9004(a), June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 196; amended Pub. L. 109–229, §1, May 31, 2006, 120 Stat. 390.)

**2006**—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 109–229 added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).

Ex. Ord. No. 13745, Oct. 31, 2016, 81 F.R. 76493, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

(b) The Director of OPM shall notify the President of the establishment of any emergency leave transfer program pursuant to the authority in subsection (a).

Barack Obama.


In this chapter:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3165.)

Pub. L. 111–292, §4, Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3173, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) research the utilization of telework by public and private sector entities that identify best practices and recommendations for the Federal Government;

"(2) review the outcomes associated with an increase in telework, including the effects of telework on energy consumption, job creation and availability, urban transportation patterns, and the ability to anticipate the dispersal of work during periods of emergency; and

"(3) make any studies or reviews performed under this subsection available to the public.

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 108–7, div. B, title VI, §623, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 103, as amended by Pub. L. 111–292, §2(b)(2)(A), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3170, provided that: "Of the funds appropriated in this Act [div. B of Pub. L. 108–7, see Tables for classification] for the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and the Small Business Administration, $100,000 shall be available to each Department or agency only to implement telecommuting programs: *Provided*, That, 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Feb. 20, 2003] and every 6 months thereafter, each Department or agency shall provide a report to the Committees on Appropriations on the status of telecommuting programs, including the number of Federal employees eligible for, and participating in, such programs: *Provided further*, That each Department or agency shall designate a Telework Managing Officer to be responsible for overseeing the implementation of telecommuting programs and serve as a point of contact on such programs for the Committees on Appropriations."

Similar provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 109–108, title VI, §617, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2340, as amended by Pub. L. 111–292, §2(b)(2)(D), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3171.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title VI, §622, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2919, as amended by Pub. L. 111–292, §2(b)(2)(C), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3171.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. B, title VI, §627, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 99, as amended by Pub. L. 111–292, §2(b)(2)(B), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3171.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §359], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–36, provided that: "Each executive agency shall establish a policy under which eligible employees of the agency may participate in telecommuting to the maximum extent possible without diminished employee performance. Not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 2000], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall provide that the requirements of this section are applied to 25 percent of the Federal workforce, and to an additional 25 percent of such workforce each year thereafter."

(a)

(1)

(A) establish a policy under which eligible employees of the agency may be authorized to telework;

(B) determine the eligibility for all employees of the agency to participate in telework; and

(C) notify all employees of the agency of their eligibility to telework.

(2)

(A) the employee has been officially disciplined for being absent without permission for more than 5 days in any calendar year; or

(B) the employee has been officially disciplined for violations of subpart G of the Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch for viewing, downloading, or exchanging pornography, including child pornography, on a Federal Government computer or while performing official Federal Government duties.

(b)

(1) ensure that telework does not diminish employee performance or agency operations;

(2) require a written agreement that—

(A) is entered into between an agency manager and an employee authorized to telework, that outlines the specific work arrangement that is agreed to; and

(B) is mandatory in order for any employee to participate in telework;

(3) provide that an employee may not be authorized to telework if the performance of that employee does not comply with the terms of the written agreement between the agency manager and that employee;

(4) except in emergency situations as determined by the head of an agency, not apply to any employee of the agency whose official duties require on a daily basis (every work day)—

(A) direct handling of secure materials determined to be inappropriate for telework by the agency head; or

(B) on-site activity that cannot be handled remotely or at an alternate worksite;

(5) be incorporated as part of the continuity of operations plans of the agency in the event of an emergency; and

(6) enumerate the circumstances under which employees may be permitted to temporarily perform work requirements and duties from approved overseas locations, provided that, except in emergency situations as determined by the head of the agency, such circumstances shall not include a situation in which an employee's official duties require on at least a monthly basis the direct handling of secure materials determined to be inappropriate for telework by the agency head.

(c)

(1) the agency determines that such a requirement would not—

(A) pose a threat to the employee or others;

(B) result in the destruction of evidence relevant to an investigation;

(C) result in the loss of or damage to Government property; or

(D) otherwise jeopardize legitimate Government interests;

(2) the employee is eligible to telework under subsections (a) and (b) of this section; and

(3) the agency determines that it would be appropriate for the employee to perform the duties of the employee through telework.

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3165; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1138(d)(3), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2469; Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXII, §6202(a)(2), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2389.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–292, which was approved Dec. 9, 2010.

**2021**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 117–81 added par. (6).

**2016**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328 added subsec. (c).

Pub. L. 117–81, div. F, title LXII, §6202, Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2389, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

(a)

(1) an interactive telework training program is provided to—

(A) employees eligible to participate in the telework program of the agency; and

(B) all managers of teleworkers;

(2) except as provided under subsection (b), an employee has successfully completed the interactive telework training program before that employee enters into a written agreement to telework described under section 6502(b)(2);

(3) teleworkers and nonteleworkers are treated the same for purposes of—

(A) periodic appraisals of job performance of employees;

(B) training, rewarding, reassigning, promoting, reducing in grade, retaining, and removing employees;

(C) work requirements; or

(D) other acts involving managerial discretion; and

(4) when determining what constitutes diminished employee performance, the agency shall consult the performance management guidelines of the Office of Personnel Management.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3166.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–292, which was approved Dec. 9, 2010.

(a)

(b)

(1) provide policy and policy guidance for telework in the areas of pay and leave, agency closure, performance management, official worksite, recruitment and retention, and accommodations for employees with disabilities;

(2) assist each agency in establishing appropriate qualitative and quantitative measures and teleworking goals; and

(3) consult with—

(A) the Federal Emergency Management Agency on policy and policy guidance for telework in the areas of continuation of operations and long-term emergencies;

(B) the General Services Administration on policy and policy guidance for telework in the areas of telework centers, travel, technology, equipment, and dependent care; and

(C) the National Archives and Records Administration on policy and policy guidance for telework in the areas of efficient and effective records management and the preservation of records, including Presidential and Vice-Presidential records.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) control access to agency information and information systems;

(B) protect agency information (including personally identifiable information) and information systems;

(C) limit the introduction of vulnerabilities;

(D) protect information systems not under the control of the agency that are used for teleworking;

(E) safeguard wireless and other telecommunications capabilities that are used for teleworking; and

(F) prevent inappropriate use of official time or resources that violates subpart G of the Standards of Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Executive Branch by viewing, downloading, or exchanging pornography, including child pornography.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1) maintain a central telework website; and

(2) include on that website related—

(A) telework links;

(B) announcements;

(C) guidance developed by the Office of Personnel Management; and

(D) guidance submitted by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the General Services Administration to the Office of Personnel Management not later than 10 business days after the date of submission.

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3167.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (c)(1) and (f), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–292, which was approved Dec. 9, 2010.

(a)

(b)

(1) be devoted to policy development and implementation related to agency telework programs;

(2) serve as—

(A) an advisor for agency leadership, including the Chief Human Capital Officer;

(B) a resource for managers and employees; and

(C) a primary agency point of contact for the Office of Personnel Management on telework matters; and

(3) perform other duties as the applicable delegating authority may assign.

(c)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3168.)

(a)

(b)

(1) 1 Human Capital Officers Council, shall—

(A) submit a report addressing the telework programs of each executive agency to—

(i) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives; and

(B) transmit a copy of the report to the Comptroller General and the Office of Management and Budget.

(2)

(A) the degree of participation by employees of each executive agency in teleworking during the period covered by the report (and for each executive agency whose head is referred to under section 5312, the degree of participation in each bureau, division, or other major administrative unit of that agency), including—

(i) the total number of employees in the agency;

(ii) the number and percent of employees in the agency who are eligible to telework; and

(iii) the number and percent of eligible employees in the agency who are teleworking—

(I) 3 or more days per pay period;

(II) 1 or 2 days per pay period;

(III) once per month; and

(IV) on an occasional, episodic, or short-term basis;

(B) the method for gathering telework data in each agency;

(C) if the total number of employees teleworking is 10 percent higher or lower than the previous year in any agency, the reasons for the positive or negative variation;

(D) the agency goal for increasing participation to the extent practicable or necessary for the next reporting period, as indicated by the percent of eligible employees teleworking in each frequency category described under subparagraph (A)(iii);

(E) an explanation of whether or not the agency met the goals for the last reporting period and, if not, what actions are being taken to identify and eliminate barriers to maximizing telework opportunities for the next reporting period;

(F) an assessment of the progress each agency has made in meeting agency participation rate goals during the reporting period, and other agency goals relating to telework, such as the impact of telework on—

(i) emergency readiness;

(ii) energy use;

(iii) recruitment and retention;

(iv) performance;

(v) productivity; and

(vi) employee attitudes and opinions regarding telework; and

(G) the best practices in agency telework programs.

(c)

(1)

(A)

(i) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

(B)

(2)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) review the reports submitted under paragraph (1);

(B) include relevant information from the submitted reports in the annual report to Congress required under subsection (b); and

(C) use that relevant information for other purposes related to the strategic management of human capital.

(Added Pub. L. 111–292, §2(a), Dec. 9, 2010, 124 Stat. 3169.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b)(1) and (c)(1)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–292, which was approved Dec. 9, 2010.

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

1 So in original. Probably should be preceded by "the".





**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §§701, 703(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1191, 1217, in heading for Subpart F inserted "Labor-Management and" before "Employee", in heading for chapter 71 substituted "LABOR-MANAGEMENT RELATIONS" for "POLICIES", in heading for subchapter I substituted "GENERAL PROVISIONS" for "EMPLOYEE ORGANIZATIONS", in item 7101 substituted "Findings and purpose" for "Right to organize; postal employees", in item 7102 substituted "Employees' rights" for "Right to petition Congress; employees", added items 7103 to 7106, and added subchapter II and items 7111 to 7120, subchapter III and items 7121 to 7123, and subchapter IV and items 7131 to 7135. Former subchapter II heading "ANTIDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT" and items 7151 to 7154, "Policy", "Marital status", "Physical handicap", and "Other prohibitions", respectively, were transferred to subchapter I of chapter 72 and renumbered and amended.

(a) The Congress finds that—

(1) experience in both private and public employment indicates that the statutory protection of the right of employees to organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations of their own choosing in decisions which affect them—

(A) safeguards the public interest,

(B) contributes to the effective conduct of public business, and

(C) facilitates and encourages the amicable settlements of disputes between employees and their employers involving conditions of employment; and

(2) the public interest demands the highest standards of employee performance and the continued development and implementation of modern and progressive work practices to facilitate and improve employee performance and the efficient accomplishment of the operations of the Government.

Therefore, labor organizations and collective bargaining in the civil service are in the public interest.

(b) It is the purpose of this chapter to prescribe certain rights and obligations of the employees of the Federal Government and to establish procedures which are designed to meet the special requirements and needs of the Government. The provisions of this chapter should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirement of an effective and efficient Government.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1192.)

A prior section 7101, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(19), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776, related to right of postal employees to organize, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 94–454.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

This chapter is popularly known as the "Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Act".

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1128, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1641, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) leadership and management practices that contribute to agency performance; and

"(2) employee satisfaction with—

"(A) leadership policies and practices;

"(B) work environment;

"(C) rewards and recognition for professional accomplishment and personal contributions to achieving organizational mission;

"(D) opportunity for professional development and growth; and

"(E) opportunity to contribute to achieving organizational mission.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

Ex. Ord. No. 10988, Jan. 17, 1962, 27 F.R. 551, which related to employee-management cooperation in the Federal service, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11491, Oct. 29, 1969, 34 F.R. 17605, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11491, Oct. 29, 1969, 34 F.R. 17605, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11616, Aug. 26, 1971, 36 F.R. 17319; Ex. Ord. No. 11636, Dec. 17, 1971, 36 F.R. 24901; Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743; Ex. Ord. No. 11901, Jan. 30, 1976, 41 F.R. 4807; Ex. Ord. No. 12027, Dec. 5, 1977, 42 F.R. 61851; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided:

WHEREAS the public interest requires high standards of employee performance and the continual development and implementation of modern and progressive work practices to facilitate improved employee performance and efficiency; and

WHEREAS the well-being of employees and efficient administration of the Government are benefited by providing employees an opportunity to participate in the formulation and implementation of personnel policies and practices affecting the conditions of their employment; and

WHEREAS the participation of employees should be improved through the maintenance of constructive and cooperative relationships between labor organizations and management officials; and

WHEREAS subject to law and the paramount requirements of public service, effective labor-management relations within the Federal service require a clear statement of the respective rights and obligations of labor organizations and agency management:

NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including sections 3301 and 7301 of title 5 of the United States Code and as President of the United States, I hereby direct that the following policies shall govern officers and agencies of the executive branch of the Government in all dealings with Federal employees and organizations representing such employees.

*Policy*. (a) Each employee of the executive branch of the Federal Government has the right, freely and without fear of penalty or reprisal, to form, join, and assist a labor organization or to refrain from any such activity, and each employee shall be protected in the exercise of this right. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Order, the right to assist a labor organization extends to participation in the management of the organization and acting for the organization in the capacity of an organization representative, including presentation of its views to officials of the executive branch, the Congress, or other appropriate authority. The head of each agency shall take the action required to assure that employees in the agency are apprised of their rights under this section and that no interference, restraint, coercion, or discrimination is practiced within his agency to encourage or discourage membership in a labor organization.

(b) Paragraph (a) of this section does not authorize participation in the management of a labor organization or acting as a representative of such an organization by a supervisor, except as provided in section 24 of this Order, or by an employee when the participation or activity would result in a conflict or apparent conflict of interest or otherwise be incompatible with law or with the official duties of the employee.

*Definitions*. When used in this Order, the term—

(a) "Agency" means an executive department, a Government corporation, and an independent establishment as defined in section 104 of title 5, United States Code, except the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office];

(b) "Employee" means an employee of an agency and an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the United States but does not include, for the purpose of exclusive recognition or national consultation rights, a supervisor, except as provided in section 24 of this Order;

(c) "Supervisor" means an employee having authority, in the interest of an agency, to hire, transfer, suspend, lay off, recall, promote, discharge, assign, reward, or discipline other employees, or responsibly to direct them, or to adjust their grievances, or effectively to recommend such action, if in connection with the foregoing the exercise of authority is not of a merely routine or clerical nature, but requires the use of independent judgment;

(d) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743.]

(e) "Labor organization" means a lawful organization of any kind in which employees participate and which exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with agencies concerning grievances, personnel policies and practices, or other matters affecting the working conditions of their employees; but does not include an organization which—

(1) consists of management officials or supervisors, except as provided in section 24 of this Order;

(2) assists or participates in a strike against the Government of the United States or any agency thereof, or imposes a duty or obligation to conduct, assist, or participate in such a strike;

(3) advocates the overthrow of the constitutional form of government in the United States; or

(4) discriminates with regard to the terms or conditions of membership because of race, color, creed, sex, age, or national origin;

(f) "Agency management" means the agency head and all management officials, supervisors, and other representatives of management having authority to act for the agency on any matters relating to the implementation of the agency labor-management relations program established under this Order;

(g) "Authority" means the Federal Labor Relations Authority;

(h) "Panel" means the Federal Service Impasses Panel;

(i) "Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor Management Relations; and

(j) "General Counsel" means the General Counsel of the Authority.

*Application*. (a) This Order applies to all employees and agencies in the executive branch, except as provided in paragraphs (b), (c) and (d) of this section.

(b) This Order (except section 22) does not apply to—

(1) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(2) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(3) any other agency, or office, bureau, or entity within an agency, which has as a primary function intelligence, investigative, or security work, when the head of the agency determines, in his sole judgment, that the Order cannot be applied in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations; or

(4) any office, bureau or entity, within an agency which has as a primary function investigation or audit of the conduct or work of officials or employees of the agency for the purpose of ensuring honesty and integrity in the discharge of their official duties, when the head of the agency determines, in his sole judgment, that the Order cannot be applied in a manner consistent with the internal security of the agency.

(5) The Foreign Service of the United States: Department of State, United States Information Agency and Agency for International Development and its successor agency or agencies.

(6) The Tennessee Valley Authority; or

(7) Personnel of the Federal Labor Relations Authority (including the Office of the General Counsel and the Federal Service Impasses Panel).

(c) The head of an agency may, in his sole judgment, suspend any provision of this Order (except section 22) with respect to any agency installation or activity located outside the United States, when he determines that this is necessary in the national interest, subject to the conditions he prescribes.

(d) Employees engaged in administering a labor-management relations law or this Order who are otherwise authorized by this Order to be represented by a labor organization shall not be represented by a labor organization which also represents other groups of employees under the law or this Order, or which is affiliated directly or indirectly with an organization which represents such a group of employees.

*Powers and Duties of the Federal Labor Relations Authority.*

(a) [Revoked].

(b) The Authority shall administer and interpret this Order, decide major policy issues, and prescribe regulations.

(c) The Authority shall, subject to its regulations:

(1) decide questions as to the appropriate unit for the purpose of exclusive recognition and related issues submitted for its considerations;

(2) supervise elections to determine whether a labor organization is the choice of a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit as their exclusive representative, and certify the results;

(3) decide questions as to the eligibility of labor organizations for national consultation rights;

(4) decide unfair labor practice complaints; and

(5) decide questions as to whether a grievance is subject to a negotiated grievance procedure or subject to arbitration under an agreement as provided in Section 13(d) of this Order.

(d) The Authority may consider, subject to its regulations:

(1) appeals on negotiability issues as provided in Section 11(c) of this Order;

(2) exceptions to arbitration awards;

(3) appeals from decisions of the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations issued pursuant to Section 6(b) of this Order; and

(4) other matters it deems appropriate to assure the effectuation of the purposes of this Order.

(e) In any matters arising under subsection (c) and (d)(3) of this Section, the Authority may require an agency or a labor organization to cease and desist from violations of this Order and require it to take such affirmative action as the Authority considers appropriate to effectuate the policies of this Order.

(f) In performing the duties imposed on it by this Section, the Authority may request and use the services and assistance of employees of other agencies in accordance with Section 1 of the Act of March 4, 1915 (38 Stat. 1084, as amended; 31 U.S.C. 686) [31 U.S.C. 1535].

*Powers and Duties of the Federal Service Impasses Panel*. (a) There is hereby established the Federal Service Impasses Panel as a distinct organizational entity within the Authority. The Panel consists of at least three members appointed by the President, one of whom he designates as chairman. The Authority shall provide the services and staff assistance needed by the Panel.

(b) The Panel may consider negotiation impasses as provided in section 17 of this Order and may take any action it considers necessary to settle an impasse.

(c) The Panel shall prescribe regulations needed to administer its function under this Order.

*Powers and Duties of the Office of the General Counsel and the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor-Management Relations.*

(a) The General Counsel is authorized, upon direction by the Authority, to:

(1) investigate complaints of violations of Section 19 of this Order;

(2) make final decisions as to whether to issue unfair labor practice complaints and prosecute such complaints before the Authority;

(3) direct and supervise all employees in the Office of General Counsel, including employees of the General Counsel in the regional office of the Authority;

(4) perform such other duties as the Authority may prescribe; and

(5) prescribe regulations needed to administer his functions under this Order.

(b) The Assistant Secretary shall:

(1) decide alleged violations of the standards of conduct for labor organizations, established in Section 18 of this Order; and

(2) prescribe regulations needed to administer his functions under this Order.

(c) In any matter arising under paragraph (b) of this Section, the Assistant Secretary may require a labor organization to cease and desist from violations of this Order and require it to take such affirmative action as he considers appropriate to effectuate the policies of this Order.

(d) In performing the duties imposed on them by this Section, the General Counsel and the Assistant Secretary may request and use the services and assistance of employees of other agencies in accordance with Section 1 of the Act of March 4, 1915 (38 Stat. 1084, as amended; 31 U.S.C. 686) [31 U.S.C. 1535].

*Recognition in general*. (a) An agency shall accord exclusive recognition or national consultation rights at the request of a labor organization which meets the requirements for the recognition or consultation rights under this Order.

(b) A labor organization seeking recognition shall submit to the agency a roster of its officers and representatives, a copy of its constitution and by-laws, and a statement of its objectives.

(c) When recognition of a labor organization has been accorded, the recognition continues as long as the organization continues to meet the requirements of this Order applicable to that recognition, except that this section does not require an election to determine whether an organization should become, or continue to be recognized as, exclusive representative of the employees in any unit or subdivision thereof within 12 months after a prior valid election with respect to such unit.

(d) Recognition of a labor organization does not—

(1) preclude an employee, regardless of whether he is in a unit of exclusive recognition, from exercising grievance or appellate rights established by law or regulation, or from choosing his own representative in a grievance or appellate action, except when the grievance is covered under a negotiated procedure as provided in section 13;

(2) preclude or restrict consultations and dealings between an agency and a veterans organization with respect to matters of particular interest to employees with veterans preference; or

(3) preclude an agency from consulting or dealing with a religious, social, fraternal, professional or other lawful association, not qualified as a labor organization, with respect to matters or policies which involve individual members of the association or are of particular applicability to it or its members. Consultations and dealings under subparagraph (3) of this paragraph shall be so limited that they do not assume the character of formal consultation on matters of general employee-management policy covering employees in that unit or extend to areas where recognition of the interests of one employee group may result in discrimination against or injury to the interests of other employees.

(e) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743.]

(f) Informal recognition or formal recognition shall not be accorded.

*National consultation rights*. (a) An agency shall accord national consultation rights to a labor organization which qualifies under criteria established by the Federal Labor Relations Authority as the representative of a substantial number of employees of the agency. National consultation rights shall not be accorded for any unit where a labor organization already holds exclusive recognition at the national level for that unit. The granting of national consultation rights does not preclude an agency from appropriate dealings at the national level with other organizations on matters affecting their members. An agency shall terminate national consultation rights when the labor organization ceases to qualify under the established criteria.

(b) When a labor organization has been accorded national consultation rights, the agency, through appropriate officials, shall notify representatives of the organization of proposed substantive changes in personnel policies that affect employees it represents and provide an opportunity for the organization to comment on the proposed changes. The labor organization may suggest changes in the agency's personnel policies and have its views carefully considered. It may consult in person at reasonable times, on request, with appropriate officials on personnel policy matters, and at all times present its views thereon in writing. An agency is not required to consult with a labor organization on any matter on which it would not be required to meet and confer if the organization were entitled to exclusive recognition.

(c) Questions as to the eligibility of labor organizations for national consultation rights may be referred to the Authority for decision.

*Exclusive recognition*. (a) An agency shall accord exclusive recognition to a labor organization when the organization has been selected, in a secret ballot election, by a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit as their representative; provided that this section shall not preclude an agency from according exclusive recognition to a labor organization, without an election, where the appropriate unit is established through the consolidation of existing exclusively recognized units represented by that organization.

(b) A unit may be established on a plant or installation, craft, functional, or other basis which will ensure a clear and identifiable community of interest among the employees concerned and will promote effective dealings and efficiency of agency operations. A unit shall not be established solely on the basis of the extent to which employees in the proposed unit have organized, nor shall a unit be established if it includes—

(1) any management official or supervisor, except as provided in section 24;

(2) an employee engaged in Federal personnel work in other than a purely clerical capacity; or

(3) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743.]

(4) both professional and nonprofessional employees, unless a majority of the professional employees vote for inclusion in the unit. Questions as to the appropriate unit and related issues may be referred to the Authority for decision.

(c) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743.]

(d) All elections shall be conducted under the supervision of the Authority, or persons designated by it, and shall be by secret ballot. Each employee eligible to vote shall be provided the opportunity to choose the labor organization he wishes to represent him, from among those on the ballot, or "no union", except as provided in subparagraph (4) of this paragraph. Elections may be held to determine whether—

(1) a labor organization should be recognized as the exclusive representative of employees in a unit;

(2) a labor organization should replace another labor organization as the exclusive representative;

(3) a labor organization should cease to be the exclusive representative; or

(4) a labor organization should be recognized as the exclusive representative of employees in a unit composed of employees in units currently represented by that labor organization or continue to be recognized in the existing separate units.

(e) When a labor organization has been accorded exclusive recognition, it is the exclusive representative of employees in the unit and is entitled to act for and to negotiate agreements covering all employees in the unit. It is responsible for representing the interests of all employees in the unit without discrimination and without regard to labor organization membership. The labor organization shall be given the opportunity to be represented at formal discussions between management and employees or employee representatives concerning grievances, personnel policies and practices, or other matters affecting general working conditions of employees in the unit.

*Negotiation of agreements*. (a) An agency and a labor organization that has been accorded exclusive recognition, through appropriate representatives, shall meet at reasonable times and confer in good faith with respect to personnel policies and practices and matters affecting working conditions, so far as may be appropriate under applicable laws and regulations, including policies set forth in the Federal Personnel Manual; published agency policies and regulations for which a compelling need exists under criteria established by the Federal Labor Relations Authority and which are issued at the agency headquarters level or at the level of a primary national subdivision; a national or other controlling agreement at a higher level in the agency; and this order. They may negotiate an agreement, or any question arising thereunder; determine appropriate techniques, consistent with section 17 of this order, to assist in such negotiation; and execute a written agreement or memorandum of understanding.

(b) In prescribing regulations relating to personnel policies and practices and working conditions, an agency shall have due regard for the obligation imposed by paragraph (a) of this section. However, the obligation to meet and confer does not include matters with respect to the mission of an agency; its budget; its organization; the number of employees; and the numbers, types, and grades of positions or employees assigned to an organizational unit, work project or tour of duty; the technology of performing its work; or its internal security practices. This does not preclude the parties from negotiating agreements providing appropriate arrangements for employees adversely affected by the impact of realignment of work forces or technological change.

(c) If, in connection with negotiations, an issue develops as to whether a proposal is contrary to law, regulation, controlling agreement, or this order and therefore not negotiable, it shall be resolved as follows:

(1) An issue which involves interpretation of a controlling agreement at a higher agency level is resolved under the procedures of the controlling agreement, or, if none, under agency regulations;

(2) An issue other than as described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph which arises at a local level may be referred by either party to the head of the agency for determination;

(3) An agency head's determination as to the interpretation of the agency's regulations with respect to a proposal is final;

(4) A labor organization may appeal to the Authority for a decision when—

(i) it disagrees with an agency head's determination that a proposal would violate applicable law, regulation of appropriate authority outside the agency, or this order, or

(ii) it believes that an agency's regulations, as interpreted by the agency head, violate applicable law, regulation of appropriate authority outside the agency, or this order, or are not otherwise applicable to bar negotiations under paragraph (a) of this section.

(d) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055.]

*Basic provisions of agreements*. Each agreement between an agency and a labor organization is subject to the following requirements—

(a) in the administration of all matters covered by the agreement, officials and employees are governed by existing or future laws and the regulations of appropriate authorities, including policies set forth in the Federal Personnel Manual; by published agency policies and regulations in existence at the time the agreement was approved; and by subsequently published agency policies and regulations required by law or by the regulations of appropriate authorities, or authorized by the terms of a controlling agreement at a higher agency level;

(b) management officials of the agency retain the right, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations—

(1) to direct employees of the agency;

(2) to hire, promote, transfer, assign, and retain employees in positions within the agency, and to suspend, demote, discharge, or take other disciplinary action against employees;

(3) to relieve employees from duties because of lack of work or for other legitimate reasons;

(4) to maintain the efficiency of the Government operations entrusted to them;

(5) to determine the methods, means, and personnel by which such operations are to be conducted; and

(6) to take whatever actions may be necessary to carry out the mission of the agency in situations of emergency; and

(c) nothing in the agreement shall require an employee to become or to remain a member of a labor organization, or to pay money to the organization except pursuant to a voluntary written authorization by a member for the payment of dues through payroll deductions. The requirements of this section shall be expressly stated in the initial or basic agreement and apply to all supplemental, implementing, subsidiary, or informal agreements between the agency and the organization.

*Grievance and arbitration procedures*. (a) An agreement between an agency and a labor organization shall provide a procedure, applicable only to the unit, for the consideration of grievances. The coverage and scope of the procedure shall be negotiated by the parties to the agreement with the exception that it may not cover matters for which a statutory appeal procedure exists and so long as it does not otherwise conflict with statute or this order. It shall be the exclusive procedure available to the parties and the employees in the unit for resolving grievances which fall within its coverage. However, any employee or group of employees in the unit may present such grievances to the agency and have them adjusted, without the intervention of the exclusive representative, as long as the adjustment is not inconsistent with the terms of the agreement and the exclusive representative has been given opportunity to be present at the adjustment.

(b) A negotiated procedure may provide for arbitration of grievances. Arbitration may be invoked only by the agency or the exclusive representative. Either party may file exceptions to an arbitrator's award with the Authority, under regulations prescribed by the Authority.

(c) [Revoked.]

(d) Questions that cannot be resolved by the parties as to whether or not a grievance is on a matter for which a statutory appeal procedure exists, shall be referred to the Authority for decision. Other questions as to whether or not a grievance is on a matter subject to the grievance procedure in an existing agreement, or is subject to arbitration under that agreement, may by agreement of the parties be submitted to arbitration or may be referred to the Authority for decision.

(e) [Revoked.]

*Approval of agreements*. An agreement with a labor organization as the exclusive representative of employees in a unit is subject to the approval of the head of the agency or an official designated by him. An agreement shall be approved within forty-five days from the date of its execution if it conforms to applicable laws, the order, existing published agency policies and regulations (unless the agency has granted an exception to a policy or regulation) and regulations of other appropriate authorities. An agreement which has not been approved or disapproved within forty-five days from the date of its execution shall go into effect without the required approval of the agency head and shall be binding on the parties subject to the provisions of law, the order and the regulations of appropriate authorities outside the agency. A local agreement subject to a national or other controlling agreement at a higher level shall be approved under the procedures of the controlling agreement, or, if none, under agency regulations.

*Negotiation disputes*. The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service shall provide services and assistance to Federal agencies and labor organizations in the resolution of negotiation disputes. The Service shall determine under what circumstances and in what manner it shall proffer its services.

*Negotiation impasses*. When voluntary arrangements, including the services of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service or other third-party mediation, fail to resolve a negotiation impasse, either party may request the Federal Service Impasses Panel to consider the matter. The Panel, in its discretion and under the regulations it prescribes, may consider the matter and may recommend procedures to the parties for the resolution of the impasse or may settle the impasse by appropriate action. Arbitration or third-party fact finding with recommendations to assist in the resolution of an impasse may be used by the parties only when authorized or directed by the Panel.

*Standards of conduct for labor organizations.*

(a) An agency shall accord recognition only to a labor organization that is free from corrupt influences and influences opposed to basic democratic principles. Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, an organization is not required to prove that it has the required freedom when it is subject to governing requirements adopted by the organization or by a national or international labor organization or federation of labor organizations with which it is affiliated or in which it participates, containing explicit and detailed provisions to which it subscribes calling for—

(1) the maintenance of democratic procedures and practices, including provisions for periodic elections to be conducted subject to recognized safeguards and provisions defining and securing the right of individual members to participation in the affairs of the organization, to fair and equal treatment under the governing rules of the organization, and to fair process in disciplinary proceedings;

(2) the exclusion from office in the organization of persons affiliated with Communist or other totalitarian movements and persons identified with corrupt influences;

(3) the prohibition of business or financial interests on the part of organization officers and agents which conflict with their duty to the organization and its members; and

(4) the maintenance of fiscal integrity in the conduct of the affairs of the organization, including provision for accounting and financial controls and regular financial reports or summaries to be made available to members.

(b) Notwithstanding the fact that a labor organization has adopted or subscribed to standards of conduct as provided in paragraph (a) of this section, the organization is required to furnish evidence of its freedom from corrupt influences or influences opposed to basic democratic principles when there is reasonable cause to believe that—

(1) the organization has been suspended or expelled from or is subject to other sanction by a parent labor organization or federation of organizations with which it had been affiliated because it has demonstrated an unwillingness or inability to comply with governing requirements comparable in purpose to those required by paragraph (a) of this section; or

(2) the organization is in fact subject to influences that would preclude recognition under this Order.

(c) A labor organization which has or seeks recognition as a representative of employees under this Order shall file financial and other reports, provide for bonding of officials and employees of the organization, and comply with trusteeship and election standards.

(d) The Assistant Secretary shall prescribe the regulations needed to effectuate this section. These regulations shall conform generally to the principles applied to unions in the private sector. Complaints of violations of this section shall be filed with the Assistant Secretary.

*Unfair labor practices*. (a) Agency management shall not—

(1) interfere with, restrain, or coerce an employee in the exercise of the rights assured by this Order;

(2) encourage or discourage membership in a labor organization by discrimination in regard to hiring, tenure, promotion, or other conditions of employment;

(3) sponsor, control, or otherwise assist a labor organization, except that an agency may furnish customary and routine services and facilities under section 23 of this Order when consistent with the best interests of the agency, its employees, and the organization, and when the services and facilities are furnished, if requested, on an impartial basis to organizations having equivalent status;

(4) discipline or otherwise discriminate against an employee because he has filed a complaint or given testimony under this Order;

(5) refuse to accord appropriate recognition to a labor organization qualified for such recognition; or

(6) refuse to consult, confer, or negotiate with a labor organization as required by this Order.

(b) A labor organization shall not—

(1) interfere with, restrain, or coerce an employee in the exercise of his rights assured by this Order;

(2) attempt to induce agency management to coerce an employee in the exercise of his rights under this Order;

(3) coerce, attempt to coerce, or discipline, fine, or take other economic sanction against a member of the organization as punishment or reprisal for, or for the purpose of hindering or impeding his work performance, his productivity, or the discharge of his duties owed as an officer or employee of the United States;

(4) call or engage in a strike, work stoppage, or slowdown; picket an agency in a labor-management dispute; or condone any such activity by failing to take affirmative action to prevent or stop it;

(5) discriminate against an employee with regard to the terms or conditions of membership because of race, color, creed, sex, age, or national origin; or

(6) refuse to consult, confer, or negotiate with an agency as required by this Order.

(c) A labor organization which is accorded exclusive recognition shall not deny membership to any employee in the appropriate unit except for failure to meet reasonable occupational standards uniformly required for admission, or for failure to tender initiation fees and dues uniformly required as a condition of acquiring and retaining membership. This paragraph does not preclude a labor organization from enforcing discipline in accordance with procedures under its constitution or by-laws which conform to the requirements of this Order.

(d) Issues which can properly be raised under an appeals procedure may not be raised under this section. Issues which can be raised under a grievance procedure may, in the discretion of the aggrieved party, be raised under that procedure or the complaint procedure under this section, but not under both procedures. Appeals or grievance decisions shall not be construed as unfair labor practice decisions under this Order nor as precedent for such decisions. All complaints under this section that cannot be resolved by the parties shall be filed with the Authority.

*Use of official time*. Solicitation of membership or dues, and other internal business of a labor organization, shall be conducted during the non-duty hours of the employees concerned. Employees who represent a recognized labor organization shall not be on official time when negotiating an agreement with agency management, except to the extent that the negotiating parties agree to other arrangements which may provide that the agency will either authorize official time for up to 40 hours or authorize up to one-half the time spent in negotiations during regular working hours, for a reasonable number of employees, which number normally shall not exceed the number of management representatives.

*Allotment of dues*. (a) When a labor organization holds formal or exclusive recognition, and the agency and the organization agree in writing to this course of action, an agency may deduct the regular and periodic dues of the organization from the pay of members of the organization in the unit of recognition who make a voluntary allotment for that purpose, and shall recover the costs of making the deductions. Such an allotment is subject to the regulations of the Office of Personnel Management, which shall include provision for the employee to revoke his authorization at stated six-month intervals. Such an allotment terminates when—

(1) the dues withholding agreement between the agency and the labor organization is terminated or ceases to be applicable to the employee; or

(2) the employee has been suspended or expelled from the labor organization.

(b) [Revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11838, Feb. 6, 1975, 40 F.R. 5743.]

*Adverse action appeals*. The head of each agency, in accordance with the provisions of this Order and regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, shall extend to all employees in the competitive civil service rights identical in adverse action cases to those provided preference eligibles under sections 7511–7512 of title 5 of the United States Code. Each employee in the competitive service shall have the right to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board from an adverse decision of the administrative officer so acting, such appeal to be processed in an identical manner to that provided for appeals under section 7701 of title 5 of the United States Code. Any recommendation by the Merit Systems Protection Board submitted to the head of an agency on the basis of an appeal by an employee in the competitive service shall be complied with by the head of the agency.

*Agency implementation*. No later than April 1, 1970, each agency shall issue appropriate policies and regulations consistent with this Order for its implementation. This includes but is not limited to a clear statement of the rights of its employees under this Order; procedures with respect to recognition of labor organizations, determination of appropriate units, consultation and negotiation with labor organizations, approval of agreements, mediation, and impasse resolution; policies with respect to the use of agency facilities by labor organizations; and policies and practices regarding consultation with other organizations and associations and individual employees. Insofar as practicable, agencies shall consult with representatives of labor organizations in the formulation of these policies and regulations.

*Savings clauses*. (a) This Order does not preclude—

(1) the renewal or continuation of a lawful agreement between an agency and a representative of its employees entered into before the effective date of Executive Order No. 10988 (January 17, 1962); or

(2) the renewal, continuation, or initial according of recognition for units of management officials or supervisors represented by labor organizations which historically or traditionally represent the management officials or supervisors in private industry and which hold exclusive recognition for units of such officials or supervisors in any agency on the date of this Order.

(b) All grants of informal recognition under Executive Order No. 10988 terminate on July 1, 1970.

(c) All grants of formal recognition under Executive Order No. 10988 terminate under regulations which the Federal Labor Relations Council shall issue before October 1, 1970.

(d) By not later than December 31, 1970, all supervisors shall be excluded from units of formal and exclusive recognition and from coverage by negotiated agreements, except as provided in paragraph (a) of this section.

*Guidance, training, review and information*. (a) The Office of Personnel Management, in conjunction with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, shall establish and maintain a program for the policy guidance of agencies on labor-management relations in the Federal service and shall periodically review the implementation of these policies. The Office of Personnel Management shall be responsible for the day-to-day policy guidance under that program. The Office of Personnel Management also shall continuously review the operation of the Federal labor-management relations program to assist in assuring adherence to its provisions and merit system requirements; implement technical advice and information programs for the agencies; assist in the development of programs for training agency personnel and management officials in labor-management relations; and, from time to time, report to the Authority on the state of the program with any recommendations for its improvement.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall develop programs for the collection and dissemination of information appropriate to the needs of agencies, organizations and the public.

*Effective date*. This Order is effective on January 1, 1970, except sections 7(f) and 8 which are effective immediately. Effective January 1, 1970, Executive Order No. 10988 and the President's Memorandum of May 21, 1963, entitled Standards of Conduct for Employee Organizations and Code of Fair Labor Practices, are revoked.

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

Ex. Ord. No. 12871, Oct. 1, 1993, 58 F.R. 52201, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12983, Dec. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 66855; Ex. Ord. No. 13156, §1, May 17, 2000, 65 F.R. 31785, which established the National Partnership Council and required the head of certain Government agencies to implement labor-management partnerships to help reform Government, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13203, Feb. 17, 2001, 66 F.R. 11227.

Ex. Ord. No. 13522, Dec. 9, 2009, 74 F.R. 66203, which related to the establishment of the National Council on Federal Labor-Management Relations and implementation of labor-management forums, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13812, Sept. 29, 2017, 82 F.R. 46367.

Term of National Council on Federal Labor-Management Relations extended until Sept. 30, 2017, by Ex. Ord. No. 13708, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60271, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of this title.

Previous extensions of term of National Council on Federal Labor-Management Relations were contained in the following prior Executive Orders:

Ex. Ord. No. 13652, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61817, extended term until Sept. 30, 2015.

Ex. Ord. No. 13591, Nov. 23, 2011, 76 F.R. 74623, extended term until Sept. 30, 2013.

Term of U.S. General Services Administration Labor-Management Relations Council extended until Sept. 30, 2017, by Ex. Ord. No. 13708, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60271, formerly set out as a note under section 1013 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13836, May 25, 2018, 83 F.R. 25329, which related to Federal sector collective bargaining, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14003, §3(a), Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, set out in a note under section 3301 of this title.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 11, 2019, 84 F.R. 56095, which related to adherence to certain collective bargaining agreements, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14003, §3(d), Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, set out in a note under section 3301 of this title.

Each employee shall have the right to form, join, or assist any labor organization, or to refrain from any such activity, freely and without fear of penalty or reprisal, and each employee shall be protected in the exercise of such right. Except as otherwise provided under this chapter, such right includes the right—

(1) to act for a labor organization in the capacity of a representative and the right, in that capacity, to present the views of the labor organization to heads of agencies and other officials of the executive branch of the Government, the Congress, or other appropriate authorities, and

(2) to engage in collective bargaining with respect to conditions of employment through representatives chosen by employees under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1192.)

A prior section 7102, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, related to right of employees to petition Congress, prior to the general amendment of this chapter by Pub. L. 95–454. See section 7211 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Par. (2) of this section suspended with respect to any matter proposed for bargaining which would substantially impair the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "person" means an individual, labor organization, or agency;

(2) "employee" means an individual—

(A) employed in an agency; or

(B) whose employment in an agency has ceased because of any unfair labor practice under section 7116 of this title and who has not obtained any other regular and substantially equivalent employment, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Federal Labor Relations Authority;

but does not include—

(i) an alien or noncitizen of the United States who occupies a position outside the United States;

(ii) a member of the uniformed services;

(iii) a supervisor or a management official;

(iv) an officer or employee in the Foreign Service of the United States employed in the Department of State, the International Communication Agency, the Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, or the Department of Commerce; or

(v) any person who participates in a strike in violation of section 7311 of this title;

(3) "agency" means an Executive agency (including a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described in section 2105(c) of this title and the Veterans' Canteen Service, Department of Veterans Affairs), the Library of Congress, the Government Publishing Office, and the Smithsonian Institution 1 but does not include—

(A) the Government Accountability Office;

(B) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(C) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(D) the National Security Agency;

(E) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(F) the Federal Labor Relations Authority;

(G) the Federal Service Impasses Panel; or

(H) the United States Secret Service and the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division.

(4) "labor organization" means an organization composed in whole or in part of employees, in which employees participate and pay dues, and which has as a purpose the dealing with an agency concerning grievances and conditions of employment, but does not include—

(A) an organization which, by its constitution, bylaws, tacit agreement among its members, or otherwise, denies membership because of race, color, creed, national origin, sex, age, preferential or nonpreferential civil service status, political affiliation, marital status, or handicapping condition;

(B) an organization which advocates the overthrow of the constitutional form of government of the United States;

(C) an organization sponsored by an agency; or

(D) an organization which participates in the conduct of a strike against the Government or any agency thereof or imposes a duty or obligation to conduct, assist, or participate in such a strike;

(5) "dues" means dues, fees, and assessments;

(6) "Authority" means the Federal Labor Relations Authority described in section 7104(a) of this title;

(7) "Panel" means the Federal Service Impasses Panel described in section 7119(c) of this title;

(8) "collective bargaining agreement" means an agreement entered into as a result of collective bargaining pursuant to the provisions of this chapter;

(9) "grievance" means any complaint—

(A) by any employee concerning any matter relating to the employment of the employee;

(B) by any labor organization concerning any matter relating to the employment of any employee; or

(C) by any employee, labor organization, or agency concerning—

(i) the effect or interpretation, or a claim of breach, of a collective bargaining agreement; or

(ii) any claimed violation, misinterpretation, or misapplication of any law, rule, or regulation affecting conditions of employment;

(10) "supervisor" means an individual employed by an agency having authority in the interest of the agency to hire, direct, assign, promote, reward, transfer, furlough, layoff, recall, suspend, discipline, or remove employees, to adjust their grievances, or to effectively recommend such action, if the exercise of the authority is not merely routine or clerical in nature but requires the consistent exercise of independent judgment, except that, with respect to any unit which includes firefighters or nurses, the term "supervisor" includes only those individuals who devote a preponderance of their employment time to exercising such authority;

(11) "management official" means an individual employed by an agency in a position the duties and responsibilities of which require or authorize the individual to formulate, determine, or influence the policies of the agency;

(12) "collective bargaining" means the performance of the mutual obligation of the representative of an agency and the exclusive representative of employees in an appropriate unit in the agency to meet at reasonable times and to consult and bargain in a good-faith effort to reach agreement with respect to the conditions of employment affecting such employees and to execute, if requested by either party, a written document incorporating any collective bargaining agreement reached, but the obligation referred to in this paragraph does not compel either party to agree to a proposal or to make a concession;

(13) "confidential employee" means an employee who acts in a confidential capacity with respect to an individual who formulates or effectuates management policies in the field of labor-management relations;

(14) "conditions of employment" means personnel policies, practices, and matters, whether established by rule, regulation, or otherwise, affecting working conditions, except that such term does not include policies, practices, and matters—

(A) relating to political activities prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73 of this title;

(B) relating to the classification of any position; or

(C) to the extent such matters are specifically provided for by Federal statute;

(15) "professional employee" means—

(A) an employee engaged in the performance of work—

(i) requiring knowledge of an advanced type in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction and study in an institution of higher learning or a hospital (as distinguished from knowledge acquired by a general academic education, or from an apprenticeship, or from training in the performance of routine mental, manual, mechanical, or physical activities);

(ii) requiring the consistent exercise of discretion and judgment in its performance;

(iii) which is predominantly intellectual and varied in character (as distinguished from routine mental, manual, mechanical, or physical work); and

(iv) which is of such character that the output produced or the result accomplished by such work cannot be standardized in relation to a given period of time; or

(B) an employee who has completed the courses of specialized intellectual instruction and study described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this paragraph and is performing related work under appropriate direction or guidance to qualify the employee as a professional employee described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph;

(16) "exclusive representative" means any labor organization which—

(A) is certified as the exclusive representative of employees in an appropriate unit pursuant to section 7111 of this title; or

(B) was recognized by an agency immediately before the effective date of this chapter as the exclusive representative of employees in an appropriate unit—

(i) on the basis of an election, or

(ii) on any basis other than an election,

and continues to be so recognized in accordance with the provisions of this chapter;

(17) "firefighter" means any employee engaged in the performance of work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires or the maintenance and use of firefighting apparatus and equipment; and

(18) "United States" means the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and any territory or possession of the United States.

(b)(1) The President may issue an order excluding any agency or subdivision thereof from coverage under this chapter if the President determines that—

(A) the agency or subdivision has as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work, and

(B) the provisions of this chapter cannot be applied to that agency or subdivision in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations.

(2) The President may issue an order suspending any provision of this chapter with respect to any agency, installation, or activity located outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia, if the President determines that the suspension is necessary in the interest of national security.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1192; amended Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(g), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(j), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1634(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2752; Pub. L. 105–220, title III, §341(e), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1092; Pub. L. 105–277, div. G, subdiv. A, title XIV, §1422(b)(1), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–792; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §139], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–235; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(3)(H). Pub. L. 106–554 added subpar. (H).

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iv). Pub. L. 105–277 substituted "Agency for International Development" for "United States International Development Cooperation Agency".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–220, in introductory provisions, struck out "and" after "Library of Congress," and inserted "and the Smithsonian Institution" after "Government Printing Office,".

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(3)(F) to (H). Pub. L. 104–201 inserted "or" at end of subpar. (F), substituted a period for "; or" at end of subpar. (G), and struck out subpar. (H) which read as follows: "the Central Imagery Office;".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(3)(H). Pub. L. 103–359 added subpar. (H).

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(2)(iv). Pub. L. 96–465 struck out "the Agency for International Development, or" after "Department of State," and inserted "the United States International Development Cooperation Agency, the Department of Agriculture, or the Department of Commerce" after "Communication Agency".

International Communication Agency, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iv), redesignated United States Information Agency and Director or any other official of International Communication Agency redesignated as Director or other official, as appropriate, of United States Information Agency by section 303 of Pub. L. 97–241, title III, Aug. 24, 1982, 96 Stat. 291, set out as a note under section 1461 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau) abolished and functions transferred to Secretary of State by sections 6531 and 6532 of Title 22.

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(3) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1401 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6561 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1635 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 1593 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Ex. Ord. No. 12171, Nov. 19, 1979, 44 F.R. 66565, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12338, Jan. 11, 1982, 47 F.R. 1369; Ex. Ord. No. 12410, Mar. 28, 1983, 48 F.R. 13143; Ex. Ord. No. 12559, May 20, 1986, 51 F.R. 18761; Ex. Ord. No. 12632, Mar. 23, 1988, 53 F.R. 9852; Ex. Ord. No. 12666, Jan. 12, 1989, 54 F.R. 1921; Ex. Ord. No. 12671, Mar. 14, 1989, 54 F.R. 11157; Ex. Ord. No. 12681, July 6, 1989, 54 F.R. 28997; Ex. Ord. No. 12693, Sept. 29, 1989, 54 F.R. 40629; Ex. Ord. No. 13039, Mar. 11, 1997, 62 F.R. 12529; Ex. Ord. No. 13252, Jan. 7, 2002, 67 F.R. 1601; Ex. Ord. No. 13381, §5(b), June 27, 2005, 70 F.R. 37955; Ex. Ord. No. 13467, §3(d), June 30, 2008, 73 F.R. 38107; Ex. Ord. No. 13480, §§2–6, Nov. 26, 2008, 73 F.R. 73991, 73992; Ex. Ord. No. 13741, §3, Sept. 29, 2016, 81 F.R. 68291; Ex. Ord. No. 13760, §2, Jan. 12, 2017, 82 F.R. 5325; Ex. Ord. No. 13869, §3(b), Apr. 24, 2019, 84 F.R. 18130, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 7103(b) of Title 5 of the United States Code, and in order to exempt certain agencies or subdivisions thereof from coverage of the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program, it is hereby ordered as follows:

1–101. The agencies or subdivisions thereof set forth in Section 1–2 of this Order are hereby determined to have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work. It is also hereby determined that Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code cannot be applied to those agencies or subdivisions in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations. The agencies or subdivisions thereof set forth in Section 1–2 of this Order are hereby excluded from coverage under Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code.

1–102. Having determined that it is necessary in the interest of national security, the provisions of Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code are suspended with respect to any agency, installation, or activity listed in Section 1–3 of this Order. However, such suspension shall be applicable only to that portion of the agency, installation, or activity which is located outside the 50 States and the District of Columbia.

1–201. The Information Security Oversight Office, General Services Administration.

1–202. The Federal Research Division, Research Services, the Library of Congress.

1–203. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Treasury:

(a) The Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence.

(b) The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network.

(c) Criminal Investigation, Internal Revenue Service.

(d) The Trade Analysis and Enforcement Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.

1–204. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense:

(a) Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2 (Intelligence), and all G–2 Intelligence offices within Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units.

(b) United States Army Intelligence and Security Command.

(c) The following subdivisions of the United States Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) and Second Army:

(1) Headquarters, United States ARCYBER and Second Army.

(2) Joint Forces Headquarters—Cyber.

(3) Army Cyber Operations and Integration Center.

(d) United States Army Intelligence Center of Excellence (USAICoE), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

(e) United States Army Cyber Protection Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

(f) 114th Signal Battalion, 21st Signal Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

(g) 302nd Signal Battalion, 21st Signal Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

(h) United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC).

(i) United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC).

(j) Rapid Equipping Force (REF), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

(k) Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

1–205. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense:

(a) Office of the Director of Naval Intelligence, and all Intelligence offices within Navy Commands, Navy Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units, including the following:

(1) Naval Intelligence Activity.

(2) Office of Naval Intelligence.

(3) Farragut Technical Analysis Center.

(4) Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center.

(5) Hopper Information Services Center.

(6) Kennedy Irregular Warfare Center.

(7) Brooks Center for Maritime Engagement.

(b) Naval Criminal Investigative Service.

(c) United States Fleet Cyber Command.

(d) Headquarters, Marine Corps Intelligence Department and subordinate activities, United States Marine Corps.

(e) Marine Forces Cyber Command, United States Marine Corps.

(f) Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station, San Diego, Detachment, Naval Strategic Communications Unit, Tinker Air Force Base.

(g) Naval Information Force Reserve, Navy Reserve Force.

(h) Center for Information Warfare Training, Naval Education and Training Command.

(i) Naval Special Warfare Command (NSW).

(j) Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC).

(k) Navy Information Operations Commands and Detachments.

(l) Naval Communications Security Material System.

1–206. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense:

(a) Headquarters, 24th Air Force and Air Forces Cyber, Joint Force Headquarters, Air Force Space Command [now United States Space Force], and the following elements under its operational control:

(1) 67th Cyberspace Wing.

(2) 624th Operations Center.

(3) The following subdivisions of the 688th Cyberspace Operations Wing:

(A) 318th Cyberspace Operations Group.

(B) 688th Cyberspace Operations Group.

(4) 5th Combat Communications Group.

(b) Headquarters, 25th Air Force, Air Combat Command, and the following wings, groups, and elements under the operational control of the 25th Air Force:

(1) 70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

(2) 363rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

(3) 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

(4) 625th Operations Center.

(5) The following subdivisions of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing:

(A) 9th Operations Group.

(B) 69th Reconnaissance Group.

(6) 55th Operations Group, 55th Wing.

(c) Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), 25th Air Force, Air Combat Command.

(d) Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (A2), Headquarters, United States Air Force, and all A2 staff within Air Force Commands, Air Force Service Component Commands, Field Operating Agencies, and Direct Reporting Units.

(e) National Air and Space Intelligence Center and all elements under its operational control.

(f) Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), with the exception of the following subdivisions:

(1) The following groups of the 1st Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida:

(A) Mission Support Group.

(B) Medical Group.

(2) The following groups of the 27th Special Operations Wing, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico:

(A) Mission Support Group.

(B) Medical Group.

(g) Air Force Office of Special Investigations.

(h) 17th Training Wing, Air Education and Training Command, Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas.

1–207. Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense.

1–208. The Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, Department of Defense.

1–209. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of Justice:

a. The Office of Enforcement and the Office of Intelligence, including all domestic field offices and intelligence units, of the Drug Enforcement Administration.

b. The Office of Special Operations, the Threat Analysis Group, the Enforcement Operations Division, the Witness Security Division and the Court Security Division in the Office of the Director and the Enforcement Division in Offices of the United States Marshals in the United States Marshals Service.

(c) United States Attorneys' Offices.

(d) Criminal Division.

(e) INTERPOL—U.S. National Central Bureau.

(f) National Drug Intelligence Center.

(g) National Security Division.

(h) Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.

1–210. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of Energy:

(a) The National Nuclear Security Administration.

(b) The Office of Intelligence.

(c) The Office of Counterintelligence.

(d) The Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence.

(e) The Savannah River Operations Office.

1–211. Offices within the Agency for International Development:

(a) The Immediate Office of the Auditor General.

(b) The Office of Inspections and Investigations.

(c) The Office of Security.

(d) The Office of the Area Auditor General/Washington.

1–212. Agencies or subdivisions under the authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commanders of the Combatant Commands, Department of Defense.

(a) Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (OCJCS) and the Joint Staff.

(b) United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM).

(c) United States Central Command (USCENTCOM).

(d) United States European Command (USEUCOM).

(e) United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) [now United States Indo-Pacific Command].

(f) United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM).

(g) North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).

(h) United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

(i) Headquarters, United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), and its subordinate command, the Joint Enabling Capabilities Command.

(j) United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and all components, centers, or sub-unified commands currently assigned to USSTRATCOM, including the following:

(1) United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM).

(2) Joint Functional Component Command—Global Strike (JFCC GS).

(3) Joint Functional Component Command—Space (JFCC Space).

(4) Joint Functional Component Command—Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD).

(5) Joint Functional Component Command—Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JFCC ISR).

(6) USSTRATCOM Center for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (SCC WMD).

(7) Standing Joint Force Headquarters for Elimination (SJFHQ–E).

(8) Joint Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC).

(k) United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and all components and sub-unified commands under its administrative and operational control, including the following:

(1) Components:

(A) Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC).

(B) Naval Special Warfare Command (NSW).

(C) Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), with the exception of the following subdivisions:

(i) The following groups of the 1st Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida:

(I) Mission Support Group.

(II) Medical Group.

(ii) The following groups of the 27th Special Operations Wing, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico:

(I) Mission Support Group.

(II) Medical Group.

(D) United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC).

(2) Sub-unified Commands:

(A) Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC).

(B) Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR).

(C) Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).

(D) Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH).

(E) Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC).

(F) Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAFRICA).

(G) Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT).

(H) Special Operations Command North (SOCNORTH).

1–213. The following subdivision of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation: National Security Coordination Division, Office of Emergency Operations and Investigations, FAA Office of Security and Hazardous Materials.

1–214. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of Homeland Security:

(a) Office of the Military Advisor.

(b) The following office within the Management Directorate:

(1) Office of Security.

(c) Office of Operations Coordination.

(d) Office of Counternarcotics Enforcement.

(e) Office of Intelligence and Analysis.

(f) Domestic Nuclear Detection Office [now Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office].

(g) The following offices and subdivisions within the United States Coast Guard:

(1) Maritime Intelligence Fusion Centers, Atlantic.

(2) Pacific Area Intelligence Division.

(3) Intelligence Coordination Center.

(4) Coast Guard Investigative Service.

(5) Coast Guard Security Center.

(h) The following offices and subdivisions within United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement:

(1) The Office of Investigations.

(2) The Office of International Affairs.

(3) The Office of Intelligence.

(4) The National Incident Response Unit.

(i) The following office within the Transportation Security Administration:

(1) The Office of Law Enforcement/Federal Air Marshal Service.

(j) The following office within United States Customs and Border Protection:

(1) The Office of Intelligence and Operations Coordination.

(k) The following offices and subdivisions within the Federal Emergency Management Agency:

(1) The following offices and subdivisions within the Office of National Continuity Programs:

(A) The Office of the Assistant Administrator.

(B) The Operations Division.

(C) The Continuity of Operations Division.

(D) The Readiness Division.

(E) The Integrated Public Alert and Warning Systems Division.

(2) The following subdivisions within the Disaster Operations Directorate:

(A) The Mobile Emergency Response Support Operations, including Mobile Emergency Response Support Detachments.

(B) The FEMA Operations Center.

(C) The Alternate FEMA Operations Center.

Sec. 1–215. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Department of Defense.

1–216. Agencies or subdivisions of the Office of Personnel Management:

(a) The Federal Investigative Services.

(b) The National Background Investigations Bureau.

(c) Units with a primary Suitability Executive Agent mission, including adjudicating suitability investigations and conducting related policy, advisory services, operations support, and agency oversight.

(d) Units with a primary mission of engineering, information technology, and cybersecurity support for personnel background investigations and adjudications.

1–217. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense.

1–218. National Reconnaissance Office, Department of Defense.

1–219. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence [now Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security], Department of Defense.

1–220. Field Detachment, Defense Contract Audit Agency, Department of Defense.

1–221. Special Programs Directorate, Defense Contract Management Agency, Department of Defense.

1–222. The following subdivisions of the Defense Information Systems Agency, Department of Defense:

(a) Joint Force Headquarters—Department of Defense Information Networks.

(b) White House Communications Agency.

1–223. The following subdivisions of the Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense:

(a) Defense Logistics Agency Intelligence.

(b) Joint Logistics Operations Center.

(c) Computer Emergency Response Team and Incident Response Branch.

1–224. Strategic Capabilities Office, Department of Defense.

1–301. The Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice.

[Ex. Ord. No. 13741, §3, which directed amendment of section 1–216 of Ex. Ord. No. 12171, set out above, by substituting "Agencies or subdivisions of the Office of Personnel Management:" and subsections (a) to (d) for "The Federal Investigative Services Division", was executed by making the substitution for "The Federal Investigative Services Division., Office of Personnel Management."]

Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 7103(b)(2) of Title 5 and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and having determined that it is necessary in the interest of national security to suspend certain labor-management relations provisions with respect to overseas activities of the Department of Defense, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Suspensions*. With regard to United States citizen employees of the Department of Defense, including the Military Departments, who are employed outside the United States as defined in 5 U.S.C. 7103(a)(18), with the exception of those employed in the Republic of Panama:

(a) The provisions of 5 U.S.C. 7105(a)(2)(D), (E), (G), and (H) and of 5 U.S.C. 7123(b) are suspended with respect to any matter which substantially impairs the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation;

(b) The provisions of 5 U.S.C. 7102(2), 7114(a)(1), 7114(a)(4), 7116(a)(5), and 7117(c) are suspended with respect to any matter proposed for bargaining which would substantially impair the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation;

(c) The provisions of 5 U.S.C. 7116(a)(7) and 7117(b) are suspended with regard to any regulation governing the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nations; and

(d) The provisions of 5 U.S.C. 7121(b)(3)(C) are suspended with respect to any grievance involving the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation.

*Disputes*. Disputes between a labor organization and the United States Forces as to whether a particular matter is covered by one or more of the suspensions set forth in this Order shall be referred to the Secretary of Defense. The decision of the Secretary in such disputes shall be made after consultation with the Secretary of State and shall be final. The Secretary of Defense may delegate this authority, but only to the Deputy Secretary of Defense, an Under Secretary of Defense, or an Assistant Secretary of Defense. The functions assigned to the Secretary of State may not be delegated or assigned to anyone below the rank of an Assistant Secretary of State.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 12632, Mar. 23, 1988, 53 F.R. 9852, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 7103(b) of Title 5 of the United States Code, and in order to exempt certain agencies or subdivisions thereof from coverage of the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Determinations*. The agencies or subdivisions thereof set forth in Section 3 of this Order are hereby determined to have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work. It is also hereby determined that Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code cannot be applied to these agencies or subdivisions in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations. These agencies or subdivisions thereof are hereby excluded from coverage under Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code.

*Relationship to Executive Order No. 12559*. The determinations set forth in Section 1 of this Order are the same determinations that I made at the time of and as a predicate to my issuance on May 20, 1986, of Executive Order No. 12559 [amending Ex. Ord. No. 12171, set out as a note above], which was issued for the same purpose as this Order. On July 10, 1987, Executive Order No. 12559 was held by a United States District Court to be incomplete as a matter of form, and therefore invalid, because it did not expressly set forth these determinations. *AFGE v. Reagan*, Civil No. 86–1587 (D.D.C.). These determinations were not expressly set forth in the text of Executive Order No. 12559 because all that Order did was amend Executive Order No. 12171 [set out as a note above] by adding the agencies or subdivisions referred to in Section 1 of this Order to the list in Executive Order No. 12171 of entities excluded from coverage of the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program, and these determinations were already expressly set forth in the text of Executive Order No. 12171, which remains in effect (as amended). This Order is not intended to reflect any belief that the form of Executive Order No. 12559 was invalid, but is intended solely to accomplish the purpose of that Order.

*Amendment of Executive Order No. 12171*. Executive Order No. 12171 is amended by deleting Section 1–209 and inserting in its place:

*Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of Justice*. (a) The Office of Enforcement and the Office of Intelligence, including all domestic field offices and intelligence units, of the Drug Enforcement Administration.

(b) The Office of Special Operations, the Threat Analysis Group, the Enforcement Operations Division, the Witness Security Division and the Court Security Division in the Office of the Director and the Enforcement Division in Offices of the United States Marshals in the United States Marshals Service.

Ronald Reagan.

Ex. Ord. No. 13252, Jan. 7, 2002, 67 F.R. 1601, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 7103(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and in order to exempt certain subdivisions of the Department of Justice from coverage under the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Determinations*. The subdivisions of the Department of Justice set forth in section 2 of this order are hereby determined to have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work. It is further determined that chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code, cannot be applied to these subdivisions in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations.

*Amendment of Executive Order 12171*. Executive Order 12171 of November 19, 1979, as amended, [set out above] is further amended by adding to the end of section 1–209 the following new subsections:

"(c) United States Attorneys' Offices.

["](d) Criminal Division.

["](e) INTERPOL—U.S. National Central Bureau.

["](f) National Drug Intelligence Center.

["](g) Office of Intelligence Policy and Review."

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13760, Jan. 12, 2017, 82 F.R. 5325, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 7103(b)(1) of title 5, United States Code, and in order to reflect the effects of the reorganization and restructuring of the Department of Defense on its agencies and subdivisions exempted from coverage under the Federal Labor-Management Relations Program, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Determinations*. The agencies and subdivisions of the Department of Defense set forth in section 2 of this order are hereby determined to have as a primary function intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or national security work. It is further determined that chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code, cannot be applied to these subdivisions in a manner consistent with national security requirements and considerations.

*Department of Defense*. Executive Order 12171 of November 19, 1979, as amended, is further amended by:

(a) revising section 1–204 to read as follows:

"1–204. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense:

["](a) Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, G–2 (Intelligence), and all G–2 Intelligence offices within Army Commands, Army Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units.

["](b) United States Army Intelligence and Security Command.

["](c) The following subdivisions of the United States Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) and Second Army:

["](1) Headquarters, United States ARCYBER and Second Army.

["](2) Joint Forces Headquarters—Cyber.

["](3) Army Cyber Operations and Integration Center.

["](d) United States Army Intelligence Center of Excellence (USAICoE), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

["](e) United States Army Cyber Protection Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

["](f) 114th Signal Battalion, 21st Signal Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

["](g) 302nd Signal Battalion, 21st Signal Brigade, United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command.

["](h) United States Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC).

["](i) United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC).

["](j) Rapid Equipping Force (REF), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

["](k) Asymmetric Warfare Group (AWG), United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).";

(b) revising section 1–205 to read as follows:

"1–205. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Navy, Department of Defense:

["](a) Office of the Director of Naval Intelligence, and all Intelligence offices within Navy Commands, Navy Service Component Commands, and Direct Reporting Units, including the following:

["](1) Naval Intelligence Activity.

["](2) Office of Naval Intelligence.

["](3) Farragut Technical Analysis Center.

["](4) Nimitz Operational Intelligence Center.

["](5) Hopper Information Services Center.

["](6) Kennedy Irregular Warfare Center.

["](7) Brooks Center for Maritime Engagement.

["](b) Naval Criminal Investigative Service.

["](c) United States Fleet Cyber Command.

["](d) Headquarters, Marine Corps Intelligence Department and subordinate activities, United States Marine Corps.

["](e) Marine Forces Cyber Command, United States Marine Corps.

["](f) Naval Computer and Telecommunications Station, San Diego, Detachment, Naval Strategic Communications Unit, Tinker Air Force Base.

["](g) Naval Information Force Reserve, Navy Reserve Force.

["](h) Center for Information Warfare Training, Naval Education and Training Command.

["](i) Naval Special Warfare Command (NSW).

["](j) Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC).

["](k) Navy Information Operations Commands and Detachments.

["](l) Naval Communications Security Material System.";

(c) revising section 1–206 to read as follows:

"1–206. Agencies or subdivisions of the Department of the Air Force, Department of Defense:

["](a) Headquarters, 24th Air Force and Air Forces Cyber, Joint Force Headquarters, Air Force Space Command [now United States Space Force], and the following elements under its operational control:

["](1) 67th Cyberspace Wing.

["](2) 624th Operations Center.

["](3) The following subdivisions of the 688th Cyberspace Operations Wing:

["](A) 318th Cyberspace Operations Group.

["](B) 688th Cyberspace Operations Group.

["](4) 5th Combat Communications Group.

["](b) Headquarters, 25th Air Force, Air Combat Command, and the following wings, groups, and elements under the operational control of the 25th Air Force:

["](1) 70th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

["](2) 363rd Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

["](3) 480th Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Wing.

["](4) 625th Operations Center.

["](5) The following subdivisions of the 9th Reconnaissance Wing:

["](A) 9th Operations Group.

["](B) 69th Reconnaissance Group.

["](6) 55th Operations Group, 55th Wing.

["](c) Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), 25th Air Force, Air Combat Command.

["](d) Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (A2), Headquarters, United States Air Force, and all A2 staff within Air Force Commands, Air Force Service Component Commands, Field Operating Agencies, and Direct Reporting Units.

["](e) National Air and Space Intelligence Center and all elements under its operational control.

["](f) Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), with the exception of the following subdivisions:

["](1) The following groups of the 1st Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida:

["](A) Mission Support Group.

["](B) Medical Group.

["](2) The following groups of the 27th Special Operations Wing, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico:

["](A) Mission Support Group.

["](B) Medical Group.

["](g) Air Force Office of Special Investigations.

["](h) 17th Training Wing, Air Education and Training Command, Goodfellow Air Force Base, Texas.";

(d) revising section 1–207 to read as follows:

"1–207. Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense.";

(e) revising section 1–208 to read as follows:

"1–208. Defense Security Service, Department of Defense.";

(f) revising section 1–212 to read as follows:

"1–212. Agencies or subdivisions under the authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Commanders of the Combatant Commands, Department of Defense.

["](a) Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (OCJCS) and the Joint Staff.

["](b) United States Africa Command (USAFRICOM).

["](c) United States Central Command (USCENTCOM).

["](d) United States European Command (USEUCOM).

["](e) United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) [now United States Indo-Pacific Command].

["](f) United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM).

["](g) North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD).

["](h) United States Northern Command (USNORTHCOM).

["](i) Headquarters, United States Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM), and its subordinate command, the Joint Enabling Capabilities Command.

["](j) United States Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) and all components, centers, or sub-unified commands currently assigned to USSTRATCOM, including the following:

["](1) United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM).

["](2) Joint Functional Component Command—Global Strike (JFCC GS).

["](3) Joint Functional Component Command—Space (JFCC Space).

["](4) Joint Functional Component Command—Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD).

["](5) Joint Functional Component Command—Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JFCC ISR).

["](6) USSTRATCOM Center for Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction (SCC WMD).

["](7) Standing Joint Force Headquarters for Elimination (SJFHQ–E).

["](8) Joint Warfare Analysis Center (JWAC).

["](k) United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) and all components and sub-unified commands under its administrative and operational control, including the following:

["](1) Components:

["](A) Marine Special Operations Command (MARSOC).

["](B) Naval Special Warfare Command (NSW).

["](C) Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC), with the exception of the following subdivisions:

["](i) The following groups of the 1st Special Operations Wing, Hurlburt Field, Florida:

["](I) Mission Support Group.

["](II) Medical Group.

["](ii) The following groups of the 27th Special Operations Wing, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico:

["](I) Mission Support Group.

["](II) Medical Group.

["](D) United States Army Special Operations Command (USASOC).

["](2) Sub-unified Commands:

["](A) Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC).

["](B) Special Operations Command Korea (SOCKOR).

["](C) Special Operations Command Europe (SOCEUR).

["](D) Special Operations Command South (SOCSOUTH).

["](E) Special Operations Command Pacific (SOCPAC).

["](F) Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAFRICA).

["](G) Special Operations Command Central (SOCCENT).

["](H) Special Operations Command North (SOCNORTH).";

(g) revising section 1–215 to read as follows:

"Sec. 1–215. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), Department of Defense."; and

(h) inserting after section 1–216 the following new sections:

"1–217. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense.

["]1–218. National Reconnaissance Office, Department of Defense.

["]1–219. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Department of Defense.

["]1–220. Field Detachment, Defense Contract Audit Agency, Department of Defense.

["]1–221. Special Programs Directorate, Defense Contract Management Agency, Department of Defense.

["]1–222. The following subdivisions of the Defense Information Systems Agency, Department of Defense:

["](a) Joint Force Headquarters—Department of Defense Information Networks.

["](b) White House Communications Agency.

["]1–223. The following subdivisions of the Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense:

["](a) Defense Logistics Agency Intelligence.

["](b) Joint Logistics Operations Center.

["](c) Computer Emergency Response Team and Incident Response Branch.

["]1–224. Strategic Capabilities Office, Department of Defense.".

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof, or the status of that department or agency within the Federal Government; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Jan. 29, 2020, 85 F.R. 10033, which delegated to the Secretary of Defense authority under subsec. (b)(1) and (2) of this section to issue orders excluding Department of Defense agencies or subdivisions thereof from Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Act coverage, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14018, §1, Feb. 24, 2021, 86 F.R. 11855.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a) The Federal Labor Relations Authority is composed of three members, not more than 2 of whom may be adherents of the same political party. No member shall engage in any other business or employment or hold another office or position in the Government of the United States except as otherwise provided by law.

(b) Members of the Authority shall be appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and may be removed by the President only upon notice and hearing and only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. The President shall designate one member to serve as Chairman of the Authority. The Chairman is the chief executive and administrative officer of the Authority.

(c) A member of the Authority shall be appointed for a term of 5 years. An individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member replaced. The term of any member shall not expire before the earlier of—

(1) the date on which the member's successor takes office, or

(2) the last day of the Congress beginning after the date on which the member's term of office would (but for this paragraph) expire.

(d) A vacancy in the Authority shall not impair the right of the remaining members to exercise all of the powers of the Authority.

(e) The Authority shall make an annual report to the President for transmittal to the Congress which shall include information as to the cases it has heard and the decisions it has rendered.

(f)(1) The General Counsel of the Authority shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of 5 years. The General Counsel may be removed at any time by the President. The General Counsel shall hold no other office or position in the Government of the United States except as provided by law.

(2) The General Counsel may—

(A) investigate alleged unfair labor practices under this chapter,

(B) file and prosecute complaints under this chapter, and

(C) exercise such other powers of the Authority as the Authority may prescribe.

(3) The General Counsel shall have direct authority over, and responsibility for, all employees in the office of General Counsel, including employees of the General Counsel in the regional offices of the Authority.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1196; amended Pub. L. 98–224, §3, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 47.)

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–224, §3(a), inserted provision directing that Chairman be chief executive and administrative officer.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–224, §3(b), substituted provision that a member of Authority be appointed for a term of 5 years and an individual chosen to fill a vacancy be appointed for unexpired term of member replaced for provision that one original member of Authority be appointed for a term of 1 year, one for a term of 3 years, and Chairman for a term of 5 years, and thereafter each member be appointed for a term of 5 years.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsection (e) of this section relating to transmittal to Congress of an annual report on cases heard and decisions rendered, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 171 of House Document No. 103–7.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 8, 2004, 69 F.R. 74935, provided:

Memorandum for the Chairman of the Federal Labor Relations Authority

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to the member who has been designated by the President as Chairman the functions conferred upon the President by 5 U.S.C. 7104(e) to provide the specified report to the Congress.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

George W. Bush.

(a)(1) The Authority shall provide leadership in establishing policies and guidance relating to matters under this chapter, and, except as otherwise provided, shall be responsible for carrying out the purpose of this chapter.

(2) The Authority shall, to the extent provided in this chapter and in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Authority—

(A) determine the appropriateness of units for labor organization representation under section 7112 of this title;

(B) supervise or conduct elections to determine whether a labor organization has been selected as an exclusive representative by a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit and otherwise administer the provisions of section 7111 of this title relating to the according of exclusive recognition to labor organizations;

(C) prescribe criteria and resolve issues relating to the granting of national consultation rights under section 7113 of this title;

(D) prescribe criteria and resolve issues relating to determining compelling need for agency rules or regulations under section 7117(b) of this title;

(E) resolves issues relating to the duty to bargain in good faith under section 7117(c) of this title;

(F) prescribe criteria relating to the granting of consultation rights with respect to conditions of employment under section 7117(d) of this title;

(G) conduct hearings and resolve complaints of unfair labor practices under section 7118 of this title;

(H) resolve exceptions to arbitrator's awards under section 7122 of this title; and

(I) take such other actions as are necessary and appropriate to effectively administer the provisions of this chapter.

(b) The Authority shall adopt an official seal which shall be judicially noticed.

(c) The principal office of the Authority shall be in or about the District of Columbia, but the Authority may meet and exercise any or all of its powers at any time or place. Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the Authority may, by one or more of its members or by such agents as it may designate, make any appropriate inquiry necessary to carry out its duties wherever persons subject to this chapter are located. Any member who participates in the inquiry shall not be disqualified from later participating in a decision of the Authority in any case relating to the inquiry.

(d) The Authority shall appoint an Executive Director and such regional directors, administrative law judges under section 3105 of this title, and other individuals as it may from time to time find necessary for the proper performance of its functions. The Authority may delegate to officers and employees appointed under this subsection authority to perform such duties and make such expenditures as may be necessary.

(e)(1) The Authority may delegate to any regional director its authority under this chapter—

(A) to determine whether a group of employees is an appropriate unit;

(B) to conduct investigations and to provide for hearings;

(C) to determine whether a question of representation exists and to direct an election; and

(D) to supervise or conduct secret ballot elections and certify the results thereof.

(2) The Authority may delegate to any administrative law judge appointed under subsection (d) of this section its authority under section 7118 of this title to determine whether any person has engaged in or is engaging in an unfair labor practice.

(f) If the Authority delegates any authority to any regional director or administrative law judge to take any action pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, the Authority may, upon application by any interested person filed within 60 days after the date of the action, review such action, but the review shall not, unless specifically ordered by the Authority, operate as a stay of action. The Authority may affirm, modify, or reverse any action reviewed under this subsection. If the Authority does not undertake to grant review of the action under this subsection within 60 days after the later of—

(1) the date of the action; or

(2) the date of the filing of any application under this subsection for review of the action;

the action shall become the action of the Authority at the end of such 60-day period.

(g) In order to carry out its functions under this chapter, the Authority may—

(1) hold hearings;

(2) administer oaths, take the testimony or deposition of any person under oath, and issue subpenas as provided in section 7132 of this title; and

(3) may require an agency or a labor organization to cease and desist from violations of this chapter and require it to take any remedial action it considers appropriate to carry out the policies of this chapter.

(h) Except as provided in section 518 of title 28, relating to litigation before the Supreme Court, attorneys designated by the Authority may appear for the Authority and represent the Authority in any civil action brought in connection with any function carried out by the Authority pursuant to this title or as otherwise authorized by law.

(i) In the exercise of the functions of the Authority under this title, the Authority may request from the Director of the Office of Personnel Management an advisory opinion concerning the proper interpretation of rules, regulations, or policy directives issued by the Office of Personnel Management in connection with any matter before the Authority.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1196.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (a)(2)(D), (E), (G), and (H) of this section suspended with respect to any matter which substantially impairs the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, nothing in this chapter shall affect the authority of any management official of any agency—

(1) to determine the mission, budget, organization, number of employees, and internal security practices of the agency; and

(2) in accordance with applicable laws—

(A) to hire, assign, direct, layoff, and retain employees in the agency, or to suspend, remove, reduce in grade or pay, or take other disciplinary action against such employees;

(B) to assign work, to make determinations with respect to contracting out, and to determine the personnel by which agency operations shall be conducted;

(C) with respect to filling positions, to make selections for appointments from—

(i) among properly ranked and certified candidates for promotion; or

(ii) any other appropriate source; and

(D) to take whatever actions may be necessary to carry out the agency mission during emergencies.

(b) Nothing in this section shall preclude any agency and any labor organization from negotiating—

(1) at the election of the agency, on the numbers, types, and grades of employees or positions assigned to any organizational subdivision, work project, or tour of duty, or on the technology, methods, and means of performing work;

(2) procedures which management officials of the agency will observe in exercising any authority under this section; or

(3) appropriate arrangements for employees adversely affected by the exercise of any authority under this section by such management officials.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1198.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An agency shall accord exclusive recognition to a labor organization if the organization has been selected as the representative, in a secret ballot election, by a majority of the employees in an appropriate unit who cast valid ballots in the election.

(b) If a petition is filed with the Authority—

(1) by any person alleging—

(A) in the case of an appropriate unit for which there is no exclusive representative, that 30 percent of the employees in the appropriate unit wish to be represented for the purpose of collective bargaining by an exclusive representative, or

(B) in the case of an appropriate unit for which there is an exclusive representative, that 30 percent of the employees in the unit allege that the exclusive representative is no longer the representative of the majority of the employees in the unit; or

(2) by any person seeking clarification of, or an amendment to, a certification then in effect or a matter relating to representation;

the Authority shall investigate the petition, and if it has reasonable cause to believe that a question of representation exists, it shall provide an opportunity for a hearing (for which a transcript shall be kept) after reasonable notice. If the Authority finds on the record of the hearing that a question of representation exists, the Authority shall supervise or conduct an election on the question by secret ballot and shall certify the results thereof. An election under this subsection shall not be conducted in any appropriate unit or in any subdivision thereof within which, in the preceding 12 calendar months, a valid election under this subsection has been held.

(c) A labor organization which—

(1) has been designated by at least 10 percent of the employees in the unit specified in any petition filed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section;

(2) has submitted a valid copy of a current or recently expired collective bargaining agreement for the unit; or

(3) has submitted other evidence that it is the exclusive representative of the employees involved;

may intervene with respect to a petition filed pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and shall be placed on the ballot of any election under such subsection (b) with respect to the petition.

(d) The Authority shall determine who is eligible to vote in any election under this section and shall establish rules governing any such election, which shall include rules allowing employees eligible to vote the opportunity to choose—

(1) from labor organizations on the ballot, that labor organization which the employees wish to have represent them; or

(2) not to be represented by a labor organization.

In any election in which no choice on the ballot receives a majority of the votes cast, a runoff election shall be conducted between the two choices receiving the highest number of votes. A labor organization which receives the majority of the votes cast in an election shall be certified by the Authority as the exclusive representative.

(e) A labor organization seeking exclusive recognition shall submit to the Authority and the agency involved a roster of its officers and representatives, a copy of its constitution and bylaws, and a statement of its objectives.

(f) Exclusive recognition shall not be accorded to a labor organization—

(1) if the Authority determines that the labor organization is subject to corrupt influences or influences opposed to democratic principles;

(2) in the case of a petition filed pursuant to subsection (b)(1)(A) of this section, if there is not credible evidence that at least 30 percent of the employees in the unit specified in the petition wish to be represented for the purpose of collective bargaining by the labor organization seeking exclusive recognition;

(3) if there is then in effect a lawful written collective bargaining agreement between the agency involved and an exclusive representative (other than the labor organization seeking exclusive recognition) covering any employees included in the unit specified in the petition, unless—

(A) the collective bargaining agreement has been in effect for more than 3 years, or

(B) the petition for exclusive recognition is filed not more than 105 days and not less than 60 days before the expiration date of the collective bargaining agreement; or

(4) if the Authority has, within the previous 12 calendar months, conducted a secret ballot election for the unit described in any petition under this section and in such election a majority of the employees voting chose a labor organization for certification as the unit's exclusive representative.

(g) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the waiving of hearings by stipulation for the purpose of a consent election in conformity with regulations and rules or decisions of the Authority.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1199.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Authority shall determine the appropriateness of any unit. The Authority shall determine in each case whether, in order to ensure employees the fullest freedom in exercising the rights guaranteed under this chapter, the appropriate unit should be established on an agency, plant, installation, functional, or other basis and shall determine any unit to be an appropriate unit only if the determination will ensure a clear and identifiable community of interest among the employees in the unit and will promote effective dealings with, and efficiency of the operations of the agency involved.

(b) A unit shall not be determined to be appropriate under this section solely on the basis of the extent to which employees in the proposed unit have organized, nor shall a unit be determined to be appropriate if it includes—

(1) except as provided under section 7135(a)(2) of this title, any management official or supervisor;

(2) a confidential employee;

(3) an employee engaged in personnel work in other than a purely clerical capacity;

(4) an employee engaged in administering the provisions of this chapter;

(5) both professional employees and other employees, unless a majority of the professional employees vote for inclusion in the unit;

(6) any employee engaged in intelligence, counterintelligence, investigative, or security work which directly affects national security; or

(7) any employee primarily engaged in investigation or audit functions relating to the work of individuals employed by an agency whose duties directly affect the internal security of the agency, but only if the functions are undertaken to ensure that the duties are discharged honestly and with integrity.

(c) Any employee who is engaged in administering any provision of law relating to labor-management relations may not be represented by a labor organization—

(1) which represents other individuals to whom such provision applies; or

(2) which is affiliated directly or indirectly with an organization which represents other individuals to whom such provision applies.

(d) Two or more units which are in an agency and for which a labor organization is the exclusive representative may, upon petition by the agency or labor organization, be consolidated with or without an election into a single larger unit if the Authority considers the larger unit to be appropriate. The Authority shall certify the labor organization as the exclusive representative of the new larger unit.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1200; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(54), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out "(1)" after subsec. (a) designation.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) If, in connection with any agency, no labor organization has been accorded exclusive recognition on an agency basis, a labor organization which is the exclusive representative of a substantial number of the employees of the agency, as determined in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Authority, shall be granted national consultation rights by the agency. National consultation rights shall terminate when the labor organization no longer meets the criteria prescribed by the Authority. Any issue relating to any labor organization's eligibility for, or continuation of, national consultation rights shall be subject to determination by the Authority.

(b)(1) Any labor organization having national consultation rights in connection with any agency under subsection (a) of this section shall—

(A) be informed of any substantive change in conditions of employment proposed by the agency, and

(B) be permitted reasonable time to present its views and recommendations regarding the changes.

(2) If any views or recommendations are presented under paragraph (1) of this subsection to an agency by any labor organization—

(A) the agency shall consider the views or recommendations before taking final action on any matter with respect to which the views or recommendations are presented; and

(B) the agency shall provide the labor organization a written statement of the reasons for taking the final action.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the right of any agency or exclusive representative to engage in collective bargaining.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1201; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(55), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out "(1)" after subsec. (a) designation.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a)(1) A labor organization which has been accorded exclusive recognition is the exclusive representative of the employees in the unit it represents and is entitled to act for, and negotiate collective bargaining agreements covering, all employees in the unit. An exclusive representative is responsible for representing the interests of all employees in the unit it represents without discrimination and without regard to labor organization membership.

(2) An exclusive representative of an appropriate unit in an agency shall be given the opportunity to be represented at—

(A) any formal discussion between one or more representatives of the agency and one or more employees in the unit or their representatives concerning any grievance or any personnel policy or practices or other general condition of employment; or

(B) any examination of an employee in the unit by a representative of the agency in connection with an investigation if—

(i) the employee reasonably believes that the examination may result in disciplinary action against the employee; and

(ii) the employee requests representation.

(3) Each agency shall annually inform its employees of their rights under paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection.

(4) Any agency and any exclusive representative in any appropriate unit in the agency, through appropriate representatives, shall meet and negotiate in good faith for the purposes of arriving at a collective bargaining agreement. In addition, the agency and the exclusive representative may determine appropriate techniques, consistent with the provisions of section 7119 of this title, to assist in any negotiation.

(5) The rights of an exclusive representative under the provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to preclude an employee from—

(A) being represented by an attorney or other representative, other than the exclusive representative, of the employee's own choosing in any grievance or appeal action; or

(B) exercising grievance or appellate rights established by law, rule, or regulation;

except in the case of grievance or appeal procedures negotiated under this chapter.

(b) The duty of an agency and an exclusive representative to negotiate in good faith under subsection (a) of this section shall include the obligation—

(1) to approach the negotiations with a sincere resolve to reach a collective bargaining agreement;

(2) to be represented at the negotiations by duly authorized representatives prepared to discuss and negotiate on any condition of employment;

(3) to meet at reasonable times and convenient places as frequently as may be necessary, and to avoid unnecessary delays;

(4) in the case of an agency, to furnish to the exclusive representative involved, or its authorized representative, upon request and, to the extent not prohibited by law, data—

(A) which is normally maintained by the agency in the regular course of business;

(B) which is reasonably available and necessary for full and proper discussion, understanding, and negotiation of subjects within the scope of collective bargaining; and

(C) which does not constitute guidance, advice, counsel, or training provided for management officials or supervisors, relating to collective bargaining; and

(5) if agreement is reached, to execute on the request of any party to the negotiation a written document embodying the agreed terms, and to take such steps as are necessary to implement such agreement.

(c)(1) An agreement between any agency and an exclusive representative shall be subject to approval by the head of the agency.

(2) The head of the agency shall approve the agreement within 30 days from the date the agreement is executed if the agreement is in accordance with the provisions of this chapter and any other applicable law, rule, or regulation (unless the agency has granted an exception to the provision).

(3) If the head of the agency does not approve or disapprove the agreement within the 30-day period, the agreement shall take effect and shall be binding on the agency and the exclusive representative subject to the provisions of this chapter and any other applicable law, rule, or regulation.

(4) A local agreement subject to a national or other controlling agreement at a higher level shall be approved under the procedures of the controlling agreement or, if none, under regulations prescribed by the agency.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1202.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (a)(1) and (4) of this section suspended with respect to any matter proposed for bargaining which would substantially impair the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a) If an agency has received from an employee in an appropriate unit a written assignment which authorizes the agency to deduct from the pay of the employee amounts for the payment of regular and periodic dues of the exclusive representative of the unit, the agency shall honor the assignment and make an appropriate allotment pursuant to the assignment. Any such allotment shall be made at no cost to the exclusive representative or the employee. Except as provided under subsection (b) of this section, any such assignment may not be revoked for a period of 1 year.

(b) An allotment under subsection (a) of this section for the deduction of dues with respect to any employee shall terminate when—

(1) the agreement between the agency and the exclusive representative involved ceases to be applicable to the employee; or

(2) the employee is suspended or expelled from membership in the exclusive representative.

(c)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, if a petition has been filed with the Authority by a labor organization alleging that 10 percent of the employees in an appropriate unit in an agency have membership in the labor organization, the Authority shall investigate the petition to determine its validity. Upon certification by the Authority of the validity of the petition, the agency shall have a duty to negotiate with the labor organization solely concerning the deduction of dues of the labor organization from the pay of the members of the labor organization who are employees in the unit and who make a voluntary allotment for such purpose.

(2)(A) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply in the case of any appropriate unit for which there is an exclusive representative.

(B) Any agreement under paragraph (1) of this subsection between a labor organization and an agency with respect to an appropriate unit shall be null and void upon the certification of an exclusive representative of the unit.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1203.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this chapter, it shall be an unfair labor practice for an agency—

(1) to interfere with, restrain, or coerce any employee in the exercise by the employee of any right under this chapter;

(2) to encourage or discourage membership in any labor organization by discrimination in connection with hiring, tenure, promotion, or other conditions of employment;

(3) to sponsor, control, or otherwise assist any labor organization, other than to furnish, upon request, customary and routine services and facilities if the services and facilities are also furnished on an impartial basis to other labor organizations having equivalent status;

(4) to discipline or otherwise discriminate against an employee because the employee has filed a complaint, affidavit, or petition, or has given any information or testimony under this chapter;

(5) to refuse to consult or negotiate in good faith with a labor organization as required by this chapter;

(6) to fail or refuse to cooperate in impasse procedures and impasse decisions as required by this chapter;

(7) to enforce any rule or regulation (other than a rule or regulation implementing section 2302 of this title) which is in conflict with any applicable collective bargaining agreement if the agreement was in effect before the date the rule or regulation was prescribed; or

(8) to otherwise fail or refuse to comply with any provision of this chapter.

(b) For the purpose of this chapter, it shall be an unfair labor practice for a labor organization—

(1) to interfere with, restrain, or coerce any employee in the exercise by the employee of any right under this chapter;

(2) to cause or attempt to cause an agency to discriminate against any employee in the exercise by the employee of any right under this chapter;

(3) to coerce, discipline, fine, or attempt to coerce a member of the labor organization as punishment, reprisal, or for the purpose of hindering or impeding the member's work performance or productivity as an employee or the discharge of the member's duties as an employee;

(4) to discriminate against an employee with regard to the terms or conditions of membership in the labor organization on the basis of race, color, creed, national origin, sex, age, preferential or nonpreferential civil service status, political affiliation, marital status, or handicapping condition;

(5) to refuse to consult or negotiate in good faith with an agency as required by this chapter;

(6) to fail or refuse to cooperate in impasse procedures and impasse decisions as required by this chapter;

(7)(A) to call, or participate in, a strike, work stoppage, or slowdown, or picketing of an agency in a labor-management dispute if such picketing interferes with an agency's operations, or

(B) to condone any activity described in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph by failing to take action to prevent or stop such activity; or

(8) to otherwise fail or refuse to comply with any provision of this chapter.

Nothing in paragraph (7) of this subsection shall result in any informational picketing which does not interfere with an agency's operations being considered as an unfair labor practice.

(c) For the purpose of this chapter it shall be an unfair labor practice for an exclusive representative to deny membership to any employee in the appropriate unit represented by such exclusive representative except for failure—

(1) to meet reasonable occupational standards uniformly required for admission, or

(2) to tender dues uniformly required as a condition of acquiring and retaining membership.

This subsection does not preclude any labor organization from enforcing discipline in accordance with procedures under its constitution or bylaws to the extent consistent with the provisions of this chapter.

(d) Issues which can properly be raised under an appeals procedure may not be raised as unfair labor practices prohibited under this section. Except for matters wherein, under section 7121(e) and (f) of this title, an employee has an option of using the negotiated grievance procedure or an appeals procedure, issues which can be raised under a grievance procedure may, in the discretion of the aggrieved party, be raised under the grievance procedure or as an unfair labor practice under this section, but not under both procedures.

(e) The expression of any personal view, argument, opinion or the making of any statement which—

(1) publicizes the fact of a representational election and encourages employees to exercise their right to vote in such election,

(2) corrects the record with respect to any false or misleading statement made by any person, or

(3) informs employees of the Government's policy relating to labor-management relations and representation,

shall not, if the expression contains no threat of reprisal or force or promise of benefit or was not made under coercive conditions, (A) constitute an unfair labor practice under any provision of this chapter, or (B) constitute grounds for the setting aside of any election conducted under any provisions of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1204.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (a)(5) of this section suspended with respect to any matter proposed for bargaining which would substantially impair the implementation by the United States Forces, and subsec. (a)(7) of this section suspended with regard to any regulation governing the implementation by the United States Forces, of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(b), (c) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the duty to bargain in good faith shall, to the extent not inconsistent with any Federal law or any Government-wide rule or regulation, extend to matters which are the subject of any rule or regulation only if the rule or regulation is not a Government-wide rule or regulation.

(2) The duty to bargain in good faith shall, to the extent not inconsistent with Federal law or any Government-wide rule or regulation, extend to matters which are the subject of any agency rule or regulation referred to in paragraph (3) of this subsection only if the Authority has determined under subsection (b) of this section that no compelling need (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Authority) exists for the rule or regulation.

(3) Paragraph (2) of the subsection applies to any rule or regulation issued by any agency or issued by any primary national subdivision of such agency, unless an exclusive representative represents an appropriate unit including not less than a majority of the employees in the issuing agency or primary national subdivision, as the case may be, to whom the rule or regulation is applicable.

(b)(1) In any case of collective bargaining in which an exclusive representative alleges that no compelling need exists for any rule or regulation referred to in subsection (a)(3) of this section which is then in effect and which governs any matter at issue in such collective bargaining, the Authority shall determine under paragraph (2) of this subsection, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Authority, whether such a compelling need exists.

(2) For the purpose of this section, a compelling need shall be determined not to exist for any rule or regulation only if—

(A) the agency, or primary national subdivision, as the case may be, which issued the rule or regulation informs the Authority in writing that a compelling need for the rule or regulation does not exist; or

(B) the Authority determines that a compelling need for a rule or regulation does not exist.

(3) A hearing may be held, in the discretion of the Authority, before a determination is made under this subsection. If a hearing is held, it shall be expedited to the extent practicable and shall not include the General Counsel as a party.

(4) The agency, or primary national subdivision, as the case may be, which issued the rule or regulation shall be a necessary party at any hearing under this subsection.

(c)(1) Except in any case to which subsection (b) of this section applies, if an agency involved in collective bargaining with an exclusive representative alleges that the duty to bargain in good faith does not extend to any matter, the exclusive representative may appeal the allegation to the Authority in accordance with the provisions of this subsection.

(2) The exclusive representative may, on or before the 15th day after the date on which the agency first makes the allegation referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, institute an appeal under this subsection by—

(A) filing a petition with the Authority; and

(B) furnishing a copy of the petition to the head of the agency.

(3) On or before the 30th day after the date of the receipt by the head of the agency of the copy of the petition under paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection, the agency shall—

(A) file with the Authority a statement—

(i) withdrawing the allegation; or

(ii) setting forth in full its reasons supporting the allegation; and

(B) furnish a copy of such statement to the exclusive representative.

(4) On or before the 15th day after the date of the receipt by the exclusive representative of a copy of a statement under paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection, the exclusive representative shall file with the Authority its response to the statement.

(5) A hearing may be held, in the discretion of the Authority, before a determination is made under this subsection. If a hearing is held, it shall not include the General Counsel as a party.

(6) The Authority shall expedite proceedings under this subsection to the extent practicable and shall issue to the exclusive representative and to the agency a written decision on the allegation and specific reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date.

(d)(1) A labor organization which is the exclusive representative of a substantial number of employees, determined in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Authority, shall be granted consultation rights by any agency with respect to any Government-wide rule or regulation issued by the agency effecting any substantive change in any condition of employment. Such consultation rights shall terminate when the labor organization no longer meets the criteria prescribed by the Authority. Any issue relating to a labor organization's eligibility for, or continuation of, such consultation rights shall be subject to determination by the Authority.

(2) A labor organization having consultation rights under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall—

(A) be informed of any substantive change in conditions of employment proposed by the agency, and

(B) shall be permitted reasonable time to present its views and recommendations regarding the changes.

(3) If any views or recommendations are presented under paragraph (2) of this subsection to an agency by any labor organization—

(A) the agency shall consider the views or recommendations before taking final action on any matter with respect to which the views or recommendations are presented; and

(B) the agency shall provide the labor organization a written statement of the reasons for taking the final action.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1205.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (b) of this section suspended with regard to any regulation governing the implementation by the United States Forces, and subsec. (c) of this section suspended with respect to any matter proposed for bargaining which would substantially impair the implementation by the United States Forces, of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(b), (c) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a)(1) If any agency or labor organization is charged by any person with having engaged in or engaging in an unfair labor practice, the General Counsel shall investigate the charge and may issue and cause to be served upon the agency or labor organization a complaint. In any case in which the General Counsel does not issue a complaint because the charge fails to state an unfair labor practice, the General Counsel shall provide the person making the charge a written statement of the reasons for not issuing a complaint.

(2) Any complaint under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall contain a notice—

(A) of the charge;

(B) that a hearing will be held before the Authority (or any member thereof or before an individual employed by the authority and designated for such purpose); and

(C) of the time and place fixed for the hearing.

(3) The labor organization or agency involved shall have the right to file an answer to the original and any amended complaint and to appear in person or otherwise and give testimony at the time and place fixed in the complaint for the hearing.

(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, no complaint shall be issued based on any alleged unfair labor practice which occurred more than 6 months before the filing of the charge with the Authority.

(B) If the General Counsel determines that the person filing any charge was prevented from filing the charge during the 6-month period referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph by reason of—

(i) any failure of the agency or labor organization against which the charge is made to perform a duty owed to the person, or

(ii) any concealment which prevented discovery of the alleged unfair labor practice during the 6-month period,

the General Counsel may issue a complaint based on the charge if the charge was filed during the 6-month period beginning on the day of the discovery by the person of the alleged unfair labor practice.

(5) The General Counsel may prescribe regulations providing for informal methods by which the alleged unfair labor practice may be resolved prior to the issuance of a complaint.

(6) The Authority (or any member thereof or any individual employed by the Authority and designated for such purpose) shall conduct a hearing on the complaint not earlier than 5 days after the date on which the complaint is served. In the discretion of the individual or individuals conducting the hearing, any person involved may be allowed to intervene in the hearing and to present testimony. Any such hearing shall, to the extent practicable, be conducted in accordance with the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of this title, except that the parties shall not be bound by rules of evidence, whether statutory, common law, or adopted by a court. A transcript shall be kept of the hearing. After such a hearing the Authority, in its discretion, may upon notice receive further evidence or hear argument.

(7) If the Authority (or any member thereof or any individual employed by the Authority and designated for such purpose) determines after any hearing on a complaint under paragraph (5) of this subsection that the preponderance of the evidence received demonstrates that the agency or labor organization named in the complaint has engaged in or is engaging in an unfair labor practice, then the individual or individuals conducting the hearing shall state in writing their findings of fact and shall issue and cause to be served on the agency or labor organization an order—

(A) to cease and desist from any such unfair labor practice in which the agency or labor organization is engaged;

(B) requiring the parties to renegotiate a collective bargaining agreement in accordance with the order of the Authority and requiring that the agreement, as amended, be given retroactive effect;

(C) requiring reinstatement of an employee with backpay in accordance with section 5596 of this title; or

(D) including any combination of the actions described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph or such other action as will carry out the purpose of this chapter.

If any such order requires reinstatement of an employee with backpay, backpay may be required of the agency (as provided in section 5596 of this title) or of the labor organization, as the case may be, which is found to have engaged in the unfair labor practice involved.

(8) If the individual or individuals conducting the hearing determine that the preponderance of the evidence received fails to demonstrate that the agency or labor organization named in the complaint has engaged in or is engaging in an unfair labor practice, the individual or individuals shall state in writing their findings of fact and shall issue an order dismissing the complaint.

(b) In connection with any matter before the Authority in any proceeding under this section, the Authority may request, in accordance with the provisions of section 7105(i) of this title, from the Director of the Office of Personnel Management an advisory opinion concerning the proper interpretation of rules, regulations, or other policy directives issued by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1207.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service shall provide services and assistance to agencies and exclusive representatives in the resolution of negotiation impasses. The Service shall determine under what circumstances and in what manner it shall provide services and assistance.

(b) If voluntary arrangements, including the services of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service or any other third-party mediation, fail to resolve a negotiation impasse—

(1) either party may request the Federal Service Impasses Panel to consider the matter, or

(2) the parties may agree to adopt a procedure for binding arbitration of the negotiation impasse, but only if the procedure is approved by the Panel.

(c)(1) The Federal Service Impasses Panel is an entity within the Authority, the function of which is to provide assistance in resolving negotiation impasses between agencies and exclusive representatives.

(2) The Panel shall be composed of a Chairman and at least six other members, who shall be appointed by the President, solely on the basis of fitness to perform the duties and functions involved, from among individuals who are familiar with Government operations and knowledgeable in labor-management relations.

(3) Of the original members of the Panel, 2 members shall be appointed for a term of 1 year, 2 members shall be appointed for a term of 3 years, and the Chairman and the remaining members shall be appointed for a term of 5 years. Thereafter each member shall be appointed for a term of 5 years, except that an individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member replaced. Any member of the Panel may be removed by the President.

(4) The Panel may appoint an Executive Director and any other individuals it may from time to time find necessary for the proper performance of its duties. Each member of the Panel who is not an employee (as defined in section 2105 of this title) is entitled to pay at a rate equal to the daily equivalent of the maximum annual rate of basic pay then currently paid under the General Schedule for each day he is engaged in the performance of official business of the Panel, including travel time, and is entitled to travel expenses as provided under section 5703 of this title.

(5)(A) The Panel or its designee shall promptly investigate any impasse presented to it under subsection (b) of this section. The Panel shall consider the impasse and shall either—

(i) recommend to the parties procedures for the resolution of the impasse; or

(ii) assist the parties in resolving the impasse through whatever methods and procedures, including factfinding and recommendations, it may consider appropriate to accomplish the purpose of this section.

(B) If the parties do not arrive at a settlement after assistance by the Panel under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the Panel may—

(i) hold hearings;

(ii) administer oaths, take the testimony or deposition of any person under oath, and issue subpenas as provided in section 7132 of this title; and

(iii) take whatever action is necessary and not inconsistent with this chapter to resolve the impasse.

(C) Notice of any final action of the Panel under this section shall be promptly served upon the parties, and the action shall be binding on such parties during the term of the agreement, unless the parties agree otherwise.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1208.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Nov. 12, 2019, 84 F.R. 63789, provided:

Memorandum for the Federal Labor Relations Authority

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Delegation of Removal Authority*. (a) The Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA) is delegated the authority under 5 U.S.C. 7119(c)(3) to remove the Chairman and any other member of the Federal Service Impasses Panel (FSIP) appointed by the President under 5 U.S.C. 7119(c)(2).

(b) In exercising the authority delegated by this section, the FLRA shall consider the extent to which decisions of members of the FSIP are consistent with the requirements of Chapter 71 of title 5, United States Code, with particular attention to whether the decisions are consistent with the requirement of an effective and efficient Government, as those terms are used in 5 U.S.C. 7101(b), in addition to any other factors that the FLRA may consider appropriate.

(c) Within 10 days of exercising the authority delegated by this section, the FLRA shall submit a report to the President, through the Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy, explaining the reasons for its action, with particular emphasis on explaining how such action promotes an effective and efficient Government under 5 U.S.C. 7101(b).

(d) The authority delegated by this section may not be redelegated.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d) The FLRA is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Donald J. Trump.

(a) An agency shall only accord recognition to a labor organization that is free from corrupt influences and influences opposed to basic democratic principles. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, an organization is not required to prove that it is free from such influences if it is subject to governing requirements adopted by the organization or by a national or international labor organization or federation of labor organizations with which it is affiliated, or in which it participates, containing explicit and detailed provisions to which it subscribes calling for—

(1) the maintenance of democratic procedures and practices including provisions for periodic elections to be conducted subject to recognized safeguards and provisions defining and securing the right of individual members to participate in the affairs of the organization, to receive fair and equal treatment under the governing rules of the organization, and to receive fair process in disciplinary proceedings;

(2) the exclusion from office in the organization of persons affiliated with communist or other totalitarian movements and persons identified with corrupt influences;

(3) the prohibition of business or financial interests on the part of organization officers and agents which conflict with their duty to the organization and its members; and

(4) the maintenance of fiscal integrity in the conduct of the affairs of the organization, including provisions for accounting and financial controls and regular financial reports or summaries to be made available to members.

(b) Notwithstanding the fact that a labor organization has adopted or subscribed to standards of conduct as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the organization is required to furnish evidence of its freedom from corrupt influences or influences opposed to basic democratic principles if there is reasonable cause to believe that—

(1) the organization has been suspended or expelled from, or is subject to other sanction, by a parent labor organization, or federation of organizations with which it had been affiliated, because it has demonstrated an unwillingness or inability to comply with governing requirements comparable in purpose to those required by subsection (a) of this section; or

(2) the organization is in fact subject to influences that would preclude recognition under this chapter.

(c) A labor organization which has or seeks recognition as a representative of employees under this chapter shall file financial and other reports with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor Management Relations, provide for bonding of officials and employees of the organization, and comply with trusteeship and election standards.

(d) The Assistant Secretary shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this section. Such regulations shall conform generally to the principles applied to labor organizations in the private sector. Complaints of violations of this section shall be filed with the Assistant Secretary. In any matter arising under this section, the Assistant Secretary may require a labor organization to cease and desist from violations of this section and require it to take such actions as he considers appropriate to carry out the policies of this section.

(e) This chapter does not authorize participation in the management of a labor organization or acting as a representative of a labor organization by a management official, a supervisor, or a confidential employee, except as specifically provided in this chapter, or by an employee if the participation or activity would result in a conflict or apparent conflict of interest or would otherwise be incompatible with law or with the official duties of the employee.

(f) In the case of any labor organization which by omission or commission has willfully and intentionally, with regard to any strike, work stoppage, or slowdown, violated section 7116(b)(7) of this title, the Authority shall, upon an appropriate finding by the Authority of such violation—

(1) revoke the exclusive recognition status of the labor organization, which shall then immediately cease to be legally entitled and obligated to represent employees in the unit; or

(2) take any other appropriate disciplinary action.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1210.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(42), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383, inserted ", APPEALS, AND REVIEW" after "GRIEVANCES".

(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, any collective bargaining agreement shall provide procedures for the settlement of grievances, including questions of arbitrability. Except as provided in subsections (d), (e), and (g) of this section, the procedures shall be the exclusive administrative procedures for resolving grievances which fall within its coverage.

(2) Any collective bargaining agreement may exclude any matter from the application of the grievance procedures which are provided for in the agreement.

(b)(1) Any negotiated grievance procedure referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall—

(A) be fair and simple,

(B) provide for expeditious processing, and

(C) include procedures that—

(i) assure an exclusive representative the right, in its own behalf or on behalf of any employee in the unit represented by the exclusive representative, to present and process grievances;

(ii) assure such an employee the right to present a grievance on the employee's own behalf, and assure the exclusive representative the right to be present during the grievance proceeding; and

(iii) provide that any grievance not satisfactorily settled under the negotiated grievance procedure shall be subject to binding arbitration which may be invoked by either the exclusive representative or the agency.

(2)(A) The provisions of a negotiated grievance procedure providing for binding arbitration in accordance with paragraph (1)(C)(iii) shall, if or to the extent that an alleged prohibited personnel practice is involved, allow the arbitrator to order—

(i) a stay of any personnel action in a manner similar to the manner described in section 1221(c) with respect to the Merit Systems Protection Board; and

(ii) the taking, by an agency, of any disciplinary action identified under section 1215(a)(3) that is otherwise within the authority of such agency to take.

(B) Any employee who is the subject of any disciplinary action ordered under subparagraph (A)(ii) may appeal such action to the same extent and in the same manner as if the agency had taken the disciplinary action absent arbitration.

(c) The preceding subsections of this section shall not apply with respect to any grievance concerning—

(1) any claimed violation of subchapter III of chapter 73 of this title (relating to prohibited political activities);

(2) retirement, life insurance, or health insurance;

(3) a suspension or removal under section 7532 of this title;

(4) any examination, certification, or appointment; or

(5) the classification of any position which does not result in the reduction in grade or pay of an employee.

(d) An aggrieved employee affected by a prohibited personnel practice under section 2302(b)(1) of this title which also falls under the coverage of the negotiated grievance procedure may raise the matter under a statutory procedure or the negotiated procedure, but not both. An employee shall be deemed to have exercised his option under this subsection to raise the matter under either a statutory procedure or the negotiated procedure at such time as the employee timely initiates an action under the applicable statutory procedure or timely files a grievance in writing, in accordance with the provisions of the parties' negotiated procedure, whichever event occurs first. Selection of the negotiated procedure in no manner prejudices the right of an aggrieved employee to request the Merit Systems Protection Board to review the final decision pursuant to section 7702 of this title in the case of any personnel action that could have been appealed to the Board, or, where applicable, to request the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to review a final decision in any other matter involving a complaint of discrimination of the type prohibited by any law administered by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

(e)(1) Matters covered under sections 4303 and 7512 of this title which also fall within the coverage of the negotiated grievance procedure may, in the discretion of the aggrieved employee, be raised either under the appellate procedures of section 7701 of this title or under the negotiated grievance procedure, but not both. Similar matters which arise under other personnel systems applicable to employees covered by this chapter may, in the discretion of the aggrieved employee, be raised either under the appellate procedures, if any, applicable to those matters, or under the negotiated grievance procedure, but not both. An employee shall be deemed to have exercised his option under this subsection to raise a matter either under the applicable appellate procedures or under the negotiated grievance procedure at such time as the employee timely files a notice of appeal under the applicable appellate procedures or timely files a grievance in writing in accordance with the provisions of the parties' negotiated grievance procedure, whichever event occurs first.

(2) In matters covered under sections 4303 and 7512 of this title which have been raised under the negotiated grievance procedure in accordance with this section, an arbitrator shall be governed by section 7701(c)(1) of this title, as applicable.

(f) In matters covered under sections 4303 and 7512 of this title which have been raised under the negotiated grievance procedure in accordance with this section, section 7703 of this title pertaining to judicial review shall apply to the award of an arbitrator in the same manner and under the same conditions as if the matter had been decided by the Board. In matters similar to those covered under sections 4303 and 7512 of this title which arise under other personnel systems and which an aggrieved employee has raised under the negotiated grievance procedure, judicial review of an arbitrator's award may be obtained in the same manner and on the same basis as could be obtained of a final decision in such matters raised under applicable appellate procedures.

(g)(1) This subsection applies with respect to a prohibited personnel practice other than a prohibited personnel practice to which subsection (d) applies.

(2) An aggrieved employee affected by a prohibited personnel practice described in paragraph (1) may elect not more than one of the remedies described in paragraph (3) with respect thereto. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a determination as to whether a particular remedy has been elected shall be made as set forth under paragraph (4).

(3) The remedies described in this paragraph are as follows:

(A) An appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701.

(B) A negotiated grievance procedure under this section.

(C) Procedures for seeking corrective action under subchapters II and III of chapter 12.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection, a person shall be considered to have elected—

(A) the remedy described in paragraph (3)(A) if such person has timely filed a notice of appeal under the applicable appellate procedures;

(B) the remedy described in paragraph (3)(B) if such person has timely filed a grievance in writing, in accordance with the provisions of the parties' negotiated procedure; or

(C) the remedy described in paragraph (3)(C) if such person has sought corrective action from the Office of Special Counsel by making an allegation under section 1214(a)(1).

(h) Settlements and awards under this chapter shall be subject to the limitations in section 5596(b)(4) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1211; amended Pub. L. 103–424, §9, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4365; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1104(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2142.)

**1998**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–261 added subsec. (h).

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–424, §9(c), substituted "(d), (e), and (g)" for "(d) and (e)" and inserted "administrative" after "exclusive".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–424, §9(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and redesignated former pars. (1) to (3) as subpars. (A) to (C), respectively, and subpars. (A) to (C) of former par. (3) as cls. (i) to (iii) of subpar. (a)(1)(C), respectively, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–424, §9(b), added subsec. (g).

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (b)(3)(C) of this section suspended with respect to any grievance involving the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(d) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a) Either party to arbitration under this chapter may file with the Authority an exception to any arbitrator's award pursuant to the arbitration (other than an award relating to a matter described in section 7121(f) of this title). If upon review the Authority finds that the award is deficient—

(1) because it is contrary to any law, rule, or regulation; or

(2) on other grounds similar to those applied by Federal courts in private sector labor-management relations;

the Authority may take such action and make such recommendations concerning the award as it considers necessary, consistent with applicable laws, rules, or regulations.

(b) If no exception to an arbitrator's award is filed under subsection (a) of this section during the 30-day period beginning on the date the award is served on the party, the award shall be final and binding. An agency shall take the actions required by an arbitrator's final award. The award may include the payment of backpay (as provided in section 5596 of this title).

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1212; amended Pub. L. 98–224, §4, Mar. 2, 1984, 98 Stat. 48.)

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–224 amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting "beginning on the date the award is served on the party" for "beginning on the date of such award".

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Any person aggrieved by any final order of the Authority other than an order under—

(1) section 7122 of this title (involving an award by an arbitrator), unless the order involves an unfair labor practice under section 7118 of this title, or

(2) section 7112 of this title (involving an appropriate unit determination),

may, during the 60-day period beginning on the date on which the order was issued, institute an action for judicial review of the Authority's order in the United States court of appeals in the circuit in which the person resides or transacts business or in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia.

(b) The Authority may petition any appropriate United States court of appeals for the enforcement of any order of the Authority and for appropriate temporary relief or restraining order.

(c) Upon the filing of a petition under subsection (a) of this section for judicial review or under subsection (b) of this section for enforcement, the Authority shall file in the court the record in the proceedings, as provided in section 2112 of title 28. Upon the filing of the petition, the court shall cause notice thereof to be served to the parties involved, and thereupon shall have jurisdiction of the proceeding and of the question determined therein and may grant any temporary relief (including a temporary restraining order) it considers just and proper, and may make and enter a decree affirming and enforcing, modifying and enforcing as so modified, or setting aside in whole or in part the order of the Authority. The filing of a petition under subsection (a) or (b) of this section shall not operate as a stay of the Authority's order unless the court specifically orders the stay. Review of the Authority's order shall be on the record in accordance with section 706 of this title. No objection that has not been urged before the Authority, or its designee, shall be considered by the court, unless the failure or neglect to urge the objection is excused because of extraordinary circumstances. The findings of the Authority with respect to questions of fact, if supported by substantial evidence on the record considered as a whole, shall be conclusive. If any person applies to the court for leave to adduce additional evidence and shows to the satisfaction of the court that the additional evidence is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to adduce the evidence in the hearing before the Authority, or its designee, the court may order the additional evidence to be taken before the Authority, or its designee, and to be made a part of the record. The Authority may modify its findings as to the facts, or make new findings by reason of additional evidence so taken and filed. The Authority shall file its modified or new findings, which, with respect to questions of fact, if supported by substantial evidence on the record considered as a whole, shall be conclusive. The Authority shall file its recommendations, if any, for the modification or setting aside of its original order. Upon the filing of the record with the court, the jurisdiction of the court shall be exclusive and its judgment and decree shall be final, except that the judgment and decree shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon writ of certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28.

(d) The Authority may, upon issuance of a complaint as provided in section 7118 of this title charging that any person has engaged in or is engaging in an unfair labor practice, petition any United States district court within any district in which the unfair labor practice in question is alleged to have occurred or in which such person resides or transacts business for appropriate temporary relief (including a restraining order). Upon the filing of the petition, the court shall cause notice thereof to be served upon the person, and thereupon shall have jurisdiction to grant any temporary relief (including a temporary restraining order) it considers just and proper. A court shall not grant any temporary relief under this section if it would interfere with the ability of the agency to carry out its essential functions or if the Authority fails to establish probable cause that an unfair labor practice is being committed.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1213.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Subsec. (b) of this section suspended with respect to any matter which substantially impairs the implementation by the United States Forces of any treaty or agreement, including any minutes or understandings thereto, between the United States and the Government of the host nation, see section 1(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 12391, Nov. 4, 1982, 47 F.R. 50457, set out as a note under section 7103 of this title.

(a) Any employee representing an exclusive representative in the negotiation of a collective bargaining agreement under this chapter shall be authorized official time for such purposes, including attendance at impasse proceeding, during the time the employee otherwise would be in a duty status. The number of employees for whom official time is authorized under this subsection shall not exceed the number of individuals designated as representing the agency for such purposes.

(b) Any activities performed by any employee relating to the internal business of a labor organization (including the solicitation of membership, elections of labor organization officials, and collection of dues) shall be performed during the time the employee is in a non-duty status.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the Authority shall determine whether any employee participating for, or on behalf of, a labor organization in any phase of proceedings before the Authority shall be authorized official time for such purpose during the time the employee otherwise would be in a duty status.

(d) Except as provided in the preceding subsections of this section—

(1) any employee representing an exclusive representative, or

(2) in connection with any other matter covered by this chapter, any employee in an appropriate unit represented by an exclusive representative,

shall be granted official time in any amount the agency and the exclusive representative involved agree to be reasonable, necessary, and in the public interest.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1214.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Ex. Ord. No. 13837, May 25, 2018, 83 F.R. 25335, which limited the use of taxpayer-funded union time by Federal employees in representing labor organizations and performing other non-agency business, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14003, §3(b), Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, set out in a note under section 3301 of this title.

[Ex. Ord. No. 13837, formerly set out above, construed to be amended to the extent necessary, by Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 11, 2019, 84 F.R. 56095, set out as a note under section 7101 of this title.]

(a) Any member of the Authority, the General Counsel, or the Panel, any administrative law judge appointed by the Authority under section 3105 of this title, and any employee of the Authority designated by the Authority may—

(1) issue subpenas requiring the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of documentary or other evidence from any place in the United States; and

(2) administer oaths, take or order the taking of depositions, order responses to written interrogatories, examine witnesses, and receive evidence.

No subpena shall be issued under this section which requires the disclosure of intramanagement guidance, advice, counsel, or training within an agency or between an agency and the Office of Personnel Management.

(b) In the case of contumacy or failure to obey a subpena issued under subsection (a)(1) of this section, the United States district court for the judicial district in which the person to whom the subpena is addressed resides or is served may issue an order requiring such person to appear at any designated place to testify or to produce documentary or other evidence. Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof.

(c) Witnesses (whether appearing voluntarily or under subpena) shall be paid the same fee and mileage allowances which are paid subpenaed witnesses in the courts of the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1214.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Authority shall maintain a file of its proceedings and copies of all available agreements and arbitration decisions, and shall publish the texts of its decisions and the actions taken by the Panel under section 7119 of this title.

(b) All files maintained under subsection (a) of this section shall be open to inspection and reproduction in accordance with the provisions of sections 552 and 552a of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1215.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

The Authority, the General Counsel, the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Labor Management Relations, and the Panel shall each prescribe rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this chapter applicable to each of them, respectively. Provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of this title shall be applicable to the issuance, revision, or repeal of any such rule or regulation.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1215.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Nothing contained in this chapter shall preclude—

(1) the renewal or continuation of an exclusive recognition, certification of an exclusive representative, or a lawful agreement between an agency and an exclusive representative of its employees, which is entered into before the effective date of this chapter; or

(2) the renewal, continuation, or initial according of recognition for units of management officials or supervisors represented by labor organizations which historically or traditionally represent management officials or supervisors in private industry and which hold exclusive recognition for units of such officials or supervisors in any agency on the effective date of this chapter.

(b) Policies, regulations, and procedures established under and decisions issued under Executive Orders 11491, 11616, 11636, 11787, and 11838, or under any other Executive order, as in effect on the effective date of this chapter, shall remain in full force and effect until revised or revoked by the President, or unless superseded by specific provisions of this chapter or by regulations or decisions issued pursuant to this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1215.)

For the effective date of this chapter, referred to in text, as 90 days after the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95–454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Executive Orders 11491, 11616, 11636, and 11838, referred to in subsec. (b), are set out as notes under section 7101 of this title.

Executive Order 11787, referred to in subsec. (b), which was set out as a note under section 7701 of this title, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 7151, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, which related to antidiscrimination policy of United States with respect to employment, was renumbered section 7201 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216.

Section 7152, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523; Pub. L. 92–187, §3, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 644, which related to prohibition respecting employment discrimination because of marital status, was renumbered section 7202 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216.

Section 7153, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, which related to prohibition respecting employment discrimination because of physical handicap, was renumbered section 7203 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, 703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216.

Section 7154, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(44), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 92–392, §8, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573, which related to prohibition respecting discrimination because of race, color, creed, sex, or marital status in administration of chapter 51, subchapter III and IV of chapter 53, and sections 305 and 3324 of this title, was renumbered section 7204 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216.



**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217, struck out heading "SUBCHAPTER II—ANTIDISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT" and substituted therefor a chapter heading "CHAPTER 72—ANTIDISCRIMINATION; RIGHT TO PETITION CONGRESS" together with the analysis of chapter 72 containing subchapters I, consisting of items 7201 to 7204, and subchapter II, consisting of item 7211.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(43), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 383, added heading for subchapter I.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "underrepresentation" means a situation in which the number of members of a minority group designation (determined by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, on the basis of the policy set forth in subsection (b) of this section) within a category of civil service employment constitutes a lower percentage of the total number of employees within the employment category than the percentage that the minority constituted within the labor force of the United States, as determined under the most recent decennial or mid-decade census, or current population survey, under title 13, and

(2) "category of civil service employment" means—

(A) each grade of the General Schedule described in section 5104 of this title;

(B) each position subject to subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title;

(C) such occupational, professional, or other groupings (including occupational series) within the categories established under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph as the Office determines appropriate.

(b) It is the policy of the United States to insure equal employment opportunities for employees without discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The President shall use his existing authority to carry out this policy.

(c) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the Office of Personnel Management shall, by regulation, implement a minority recruitment program which shall provide, to the maximum extent practicable—

(1) that each Executive agency conduct a continuing program for the recruitment of members of minorities for positions in the agency to carry out the policy set forth in subsection (b) in a manner designed to eliminate underrepresentation of minorities in the various categories of civil service employment within the Federal service, with special efforts directed at recruiting in minority communities, in educational institutions, and from other sources from which minorities can be recruited; and

(2) that the Office conduct a continuing program of—

(A) assistance to agencies in carrying out programs under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and

(B) evaluation and oversight and such recruitment programs to determine their effectiveness in eliminating such minority underrepresentation.

(d) Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission shall—

(1) establish the guidelines proposed to be used in carrying out the program required under subsection (c) of this section; and

(2) make determinations of underrepresentation which are proposed to be used initially under such program; and

(3) transmit to the Executive agencies involved, to the Office of Personnel Management, and to the Congress the determinations made under paragraph (2) of this subsection.

(e) Not later than January 31 of each year, the Office shall prepare and transmit to each House of the Congress a report on the activities of the Office and of Executive agencies under subsection (c) of this section, including the affirmative action plans submitted under section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16), the personnel data file maintained by the Office of Personnel Management, and any other data necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the program for each category of civil service employment and for each minority group designation, for the preceding fiscal year, together with recommendations for administrative or legislative action the Office considers appropriate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, §7151; renumbered §7201 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §310, title VII, §703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1152, 1216.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 2000e(b) (2d proviso). | July 2, 1964, Pub. L. 88–352, §701(b) (2d proviso), 78 Stat. 254. |


The word "Federal" is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "employee" in section 2105.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95–454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §703(a)(1), renumbered section 7151 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 95–454, §310(1), substituted "Antidiscrimination policy; minority recruitment program" for "Policy" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a) to (e). Pub. L. 95–454, §310(2)–(4), added subsec. (a), designated existing provisions as subsec. (b), and added subsecs. (c) to (e).

Amendment by section 310 of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (e) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 187 of House Document No. 103–7.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, §716, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2023, provided that: "Hereafter, no department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States receiving appropriated funds under this or any other Act shall obligate or expend any such funds, unless such department, agency, or instrumentality has in place, and will continue to administer in good faith, a written policy designed to ensure that all of its workplaces are free from discrimination and sexual harassment and that all of its workplaces are not in violation of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Public Law 88–352, 78 Stat. 241) [42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.], the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (Public Law 90–202, 81 Stat. 602) [29 U.S.C. 621 et seq.], and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 93–112, 87 Stat. 355) [29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.]."

Pub. L. 92–129, title I, §106, Sept. 28, 1971, 85 Stat. 355, provided that: "Unless prohibited by treaty, no person shall be discriminated against by the Department of Defense or by any officer or employee thereof, in the employment of civilian personnel at any facility or installation operated by the Department of Defense in any foreign country because such person is a citizen of the United States or is a dependent of a member of the Armed Forces of the United States. As used in this section, the term 'facility or installation operated by the Department of Defense' shall include, but shall not be limited to, any officer's club, non-commissioned officers' club, post exchange, or commissary store."

(a) The President may prescribe rules which shall prohibit, as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant, discrimination because of marital status in an Executive agency or in the competitive service.

(b) Regulations prescribed under any provision of this title, or under any other provision of law, granting benefits to employees, shall provide the same benefits for a married female employee and her spouse and children as are provided for a married male employee and his spouse and children.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any provision of law providing a benefit to a male Federal employee or to his spouse or family shall be deemed to provide the same benefit to a female Federal employee or to her spouse or family.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, §7152; Pub. L. 92–187, §3, Dec. 15, 1971, 85 Stat. 644; renumbered §7202, Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 633(2)6 (less 1st sentence). | July 26, 1937, ch. 522, 50 Stat. 533. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is added on authority of former section 633(1), which is carried into section 3302. The section is rewritten as a general prohibition instead of specifying each of the personnel actions to which the prohibition applies. The words "in an Executive agency or in the competitive service" are added for clarity. The sentence "All Acts or parts of Acts inconsistent herewith are repealed." is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, renumbered section 7152 of this title as this section.

**1971**—Pub. L. 92–187 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

The President may prescribe rules which shall prohibit, as nearly as conditions of good administration warrant, discrimination because of handicapping condition in an Executive agency or in the competitive service with respect to a position the duties of which, in the opinion of the Office of Personnel Management, can be performed efficiently by an individual with a handicapping condition, except that the employment may not endanger the health or safety of the individual or others.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, §7153; renumbered §7203 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title I, §101(b)(2), title VII, §703(a)(1), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1118, 1216, 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 633(2)9. | June 10, 1948, ch. 434, 62 Stat. 351. |


The authority of the President to prescribe rules is added on authority of former section 633(1), which is carried into section 3302. The section is rewritten as a general prohibition instead of specifying the personnel actions included in former section 633(2)9. The words "in an Executive agency or in the competitive service" are added for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §703(a)(1), renumbered section 7153 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 95–454, §§101(b)(2), 906(a)(2), substituted "Handicapping condition" for "Physical handicap" in section catchline, "handicapping condition" for "physical handicap" wherever appearing in text, and "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by sections 101(b)(2) and 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

[(a) Repealed. Pub. L. 90–83, §1(44), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 208.]

(b) In the administration of chapter 51, subchapters III and IV of chapter 53, and sections 305 and 3324 of this title, discrimination because of race, color, creed, sex, or marital status is prohibited with respect to an individual or a position held by an individual.

(c) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of subsection (b) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 523, §7154; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(44), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 208; Pub. L. 92–392, §8, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 573; renumbered §7204 and amended Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(1), title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1216, 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 33. | R.S. §165. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 1074. | Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, §1103, 63 Stat. 972. |


In subsection (a), the words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to this section is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this subsection, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301. The words "in the discretion of" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive grant of authority. The words "positions in the department" are substituted for "any of the clerkships therein authorized by law". The words "upon the same requisites and conditions" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "legal pay of the position to which appointed" are substituted for "same compensations, as are prescribed for men".

This subsection was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, §4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171–1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title, but is not repealed.

Subsection (c) is added on authority of former sections 1072 and 1072a, which are codified in section 5115.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section deletes subsection (a) of 5 U.S.C. 7154 to reflect the repeal of the source statute of that subsection by Public Law 89–261, 79 Stat. 987.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, §703(a)(1), renumbered section 7154 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1972**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–392 inserted reference to subchapter IV of chapter 53 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

The right of employees, individually or collectively, to petition Congress or a Member of Congress, or to furnish information to either House of Congress, or to a committee or Member thereof, may not be interfered with or denied.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §703(a)(3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1217.)

Provisions of this section were contained in section 7102 of this title prior to the general amendment of chapter 71 of this title by Pub. L. 95–454, title VII, §701, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1191.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.








**2003**—Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(b)(3), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1640, added item 7302.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §639(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–168, added subchapter VII heading and item 7371.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–94, §2(b)(2), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1004, amended analysis for subchapter III generally, reenacting subchapter III heading without change, substituting "participation" for "contributions and services" in item 7321, "Definitions" for "Political use of authority or influence; prohibition" in item 7322, "activity authorized; prohibitions" for "contributions; prohibition" in item 7323, "Political activities on duty; prohibition" for "Influencing elections; taking part in political campaigns; prohibitions; exceptions" in item 7324, "Political activity permitted; employees residing in certain municipalities" for "Penalties" in item 7325, and "Penalties" for "Nonpartisan political activity permitted" in item 7326, and striking out item 7327 "Political activity permitted; employees residing in certain municipalities" and item 7328 "General Accounting Office employees".

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–194, title III, §303(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1747, added item 7353.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6002(a)(2), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–158, added subchapter VI heading and items 7361 to 7363.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–191, §8(e)(2), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33, added item 7328.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–351, title V, §1001(b), June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 235, substituted "EMPLOYMENT LIMITATIONS" for "LOYALTY, SECURITY, AND STRIKING" in subchapter II heading and added item 7313.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(46), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 209, inserted "GIFTS AND" before "DECORATIONS" in subchapter IV heading, struck out item 7341 "Receipt and display of foreign decorations", and added item 7342.

The President may prescribe regulations for the conduct of employees in the executive branch.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 524.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 631 (last 16 words). | R.S. §1753 (last 16 words). |


The words "employees in the executive branch" are substituted for "persons who may receive appointments in the civil service".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pub. L. 103–94, §1, Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1001, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 5520a and 7321 to 7326 of this title and section 610 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 1216, 2302, 3302 and 3303 of this title, sections 602 and 603 of Title 18, section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service, and sections 1973d and 9904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, omitting former sections 7321 to 7328 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 7321 of this title and section 410 of Title 39] may be cited as the 'Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993'."

Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6001, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–157, provided that: "This title [enacting sections 7361 to 7363 and 7904 of this title, amending sections 290dd–1 and 290ee–1 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 7361 of this title and section 801 of Title 21, Food and Drugs] may be cited as the 'Federal Employee Substance Abuse Education and Treatment Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, §8105, Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4105, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) determine whether a revision of the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs to expand the opiate category on the list of authorized substance testing to include fentanyl is justified, based on the reliability and cost-effectiveness of available testing; and

"(B) consider whether to include with the determination under subparagraph (A) a separate determination on whether a revision of the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs to expand the list of substances authorized for testing to include any other drugs or other substances listed in schedule I and II of section 202 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812) is justified based on the criteria described in subparagraph (A).

"(2)

"(A) notify the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives of the determination; and

"(B) publish in the Federal Register, not later than 18 months after the date of the determination under that paragraph, a final notice of the revision of the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs to expand the list of substances authorized to be tested to include the substance or substances determined to be justified for inclusion.

"(3)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) delaying the publication of the notices described in sections 8106 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 31306 of Title 49, Transportation] and 8107 [enacting provisions set out as a note below] of this Act until the Secretary of Health and Human Services makes a determination or publishes a notice under this section; or

"(2) limiting or otherwise affecting any authority of the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of Transportation to expand the list of authorized substance testing to include an additional substance."

Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, §8107, Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4107, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 115–271, title VIII, §8108(a), (b), Oct. 24, 2018, 132 Stat. 4107, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) ensure that each certified laboratory that requests approval for the use of completely paperless electronic Federal Drug Testing Custody and Control Forms from the National Laboratory Certification Program's Electronic Custody and Control Form systems receives approval for those completely paperless electronic forms instead of forms that include any combination of electronic traditional handwritten signatures executed on paper forms; and

"(2) establish a deadline for a certified laboratory to request approval under paragraph (1).

"(b)

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1108, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2142, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §624, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 471, provided that: "Notwithstanding any provision of law, the President, or his designee, must certify to Congress, annually, that no person or persons with direct or indirect responsibility for administering the Executive Office of the President's Drug-Free Workplace Plan are themselves subject to a program of individual random drug testing."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations acts:

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §634], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–524.

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §621, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1313.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §623], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–358.

Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §624, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 502.

Pub. L. 103–329, title VI, §638, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2432.

Pub. L. 96–303, July 3, 1980, 94 Stat. 855, which provided that each agency, under regulations prescribed by Administrator of General Services Administration, display in appropriate areas of Federal buildings copies of the Code of Ethics for Government Service, authorized publication and distribution of such Code, and set forth text of the Code of Ethics for Government Service, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–179, §4(a), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1566.

Pub. L. 102–368, title XI, §901, Sept. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 1156, effective through Sept. 30, 1993, authorized Federal agencies to accept gifts of property, money, or anything else of value from non-Federal sources for extraordinary and unanticipated expenses incurred by agency employees in their personal capacity within areas designated as disaster areas pursuant to President's declaration of a disaster resulting from Hurricane Andrew, Typhoon Omar, and Hurricane Iniki, directed agencies to establish written procedures to implement this program, and authorized agencies to accept gifts designated for individual employees.

Pub. L. 100–71, title V, §503, July 11, 1987, 101 Stat. 468, as amended by Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(6), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274, provided:

"(a)(1) Except as provided in subsection (b) or (c), none of the funds appropriated or made available by this Act, or any other Act, with respect to any fiscal year, shall be available to administer or implement any drug testing pursuant to Executive Order Numbered 12564 (dated September 15, 1986) [set out as a note below], or any subsequent order, unless and until—

"(A) the Secretary of Health and Human Services certifies in writing to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate, and other appropriate committees of the Congress, that—

"(i) each agency has developed a plan for achieving a drug-free workplace in accordance with Executive Order Numbered 12564 and applicable provisions of law (including applicable provisions of this section);

"(ii) the Department of Health and Human Services, in addition to the scientific and technical guidelines dated February 13, 1987, and any subsequent amendments thereto, has, in accordance with paragraph (3), published mandatory guidelines which—

"(I) establish comprehensive standards for all aspects of laboratory drug testing and laboratory procedures to be applied in carrying out Executive Order Numbered 12564, including standards which require the use of the best available technology for ensuring the full reliability and accuracy of drug tests and strict procedures governing the chain of custody of specimens collected for drug testing;

"(II) specify the drugs for which Federal employees may be tested; and

"(III) establish appropriate standards and procedures for periodic review of laboratories and criteria for certification and revocation of certification of laboratories to perform drug testing in carrying out Executive Order Numbered 12564; and

"(iii) all agency drug-testing programs and plans established pursuant to Executive Order Numbered 12564 comply with applicable provisions of law, including applicable provisions of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.), title 5 of the United States Code, and the mandatory guidelines under clause (ii);

"(B) the Secretary of Health and Human Services has submitted to the Congress, in writing, a detailed, agency-by-agency analysis relating to—

"(i) the criteria and procedures to be applied in designating employees or positions for drug testing, including the justification for such criteria and procedures;

"(ii) the position titles designated for random drug testing; and

"(iii) the nature, frequency, and type of drug testing proposed to be instituted; and

"(C) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has submitted in writing to the Committees on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the Senate a detailed, agency-by-agency analysis (as of the time of certification under subparagraph (A)) of the anticipated annual costs associated with carrying out Executive Order Numbered 12564 and all other requirements under this section during the 5-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 11, 1987].

"(2) Notwithstanding subsection (g), for purposes of this subsection, the term "agency" means—

"(A) the Executive Office of the President;

"(B) an Executive department under section 101 of title 5, United States Code;

"(C) the Environmental Protection Agency;

"(D) the General Services Administration;

"(E) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

"(F) the Office of Personnel Management;

"(G) the Small Business Administration;

"(H) the United States Information Agency; and

"(I) the Department of Veterans Affairs;

except that such term does not include the Department of Transportation or any other entity (or component thereof) covered by subsection (b).

"(3) Notwithstanding any provision of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code, the mandatory guidelines to be published pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii) shall be published and made effective exclusively according to the provisions of this paragraph. Notice of the mandatory guidelines proposed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall be published in the Federal Register, and interested persons shall be given not less than 60 days to submit written comments on the proposed mandatory guidelines. Following review and consideration of written comments, final mandatory guidelines shall be published in the Federal Register and shall become effective upon publication.

"(b)(1) Nothing in subsection (a) shall limit or otherwise affect the availability of funds for drug testing by—

"(A) the Department of Transportation;

"(B) Department of Energy, for employees specifically involved in the handling of nuclear weapons or nuclear materials;

"(C) any agency with an agency-wide drug-testing program in existence as of September 15, 1986; or

"(D) any component of an agency if such component had a drug-testing program in existence as of September 15, 1986.

"(2) The Departments of Transportation and Energy and any agency or component thereof with a drug-testing program in existence as of September 15, 1986—

"(A) shall be brought into full compliance with Executive Order Numbered 12564 [set out as a note below] no later than the end of the 6-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 11, 1987]; and

"(B) shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure that their respective drug-testing programs or plans are brought into full compliance with the mandatory guidelines published under subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii) no later than 90 days after such mandatory guidelines take effect, except that any judicial challenge that affects such guidelines should not affect drug-testing programs or plans subject to this paragraph.

"(c) In the case of an agency (or component thereof) other than an agency as defined by subsection (a)(2) or an agency (or component thereof) covered by subsection (b), none of the funds appropriated or made available by this Act, or any other Act, with respect to any fiscal year, shall be available to administer or implement any drug testing pursuant to Executive Order Numbered 12564 [set out as a note below], or any subsequent order, unless and until—

"(1) the Secretary of Health and Human Services provides written certification with respect to that agency (or component) in accordance with clauses (i) and (iii) of subsection (a)(1)(A);

"(2) the Secretary of Health and Human Services has submitted a written, detailed analysis with respect to that agency (or component) in accordance with subsection (a)(1)(B); and

"(3) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget has submitted a written, detailed analysis with respect to that agency (or component) in accordance with subsection (a)(1)(C).

"(d) Any Federal employee who is the subject of a drug test under any program or plan shall, upon written request, have access to—

"(1) any records relating to such employee's drug test; and

"(2) any records relating to the results of any relevant certification, review, or revocation-of-certification proceedings, as referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii)(III).

"(e) The results of a drug test of a Federal employee may not be disclosed without the prior written consent of such employee, unless the disclosure would be—

"(1) to the employee's medical review official (as defined in the scientific and technical guidelines referred to in subsection (a)(1)(A)(ii));

"(2) to the administrator of any Employee Assistance Program in which the employee is receiving counseling or treatment or is otherwise participating;

"(3) to any supervisory or management official within the employee's agency having authority to take the adverse personnel action against such employee; or

"(4) pursuant to the order of a court of competent jurisdiction where required by the United States Government to defend against any challenge against any adverse personnel action.

"(f) [Terminated, effective May 15, 2000, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 151 of House Document No. 103–7.]

"(g) For purposes of this section, the terms 'agency' and 'Employee Assistance Program' each has the meaning given such term under section 7(b) of Executive Order Numbered 12564 [set out as a note below], as in effect on September 15, 1986."

[For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

Pub. L. 99–145, title XIV, §1461, Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 765, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

For assignment of certain emergency preparedness functions to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, see Parts 1, 2, and 22 of Ex. Ord. No. 12656, Nov. 18, 1988, 53 F.R. 47491, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Presidential Order of December 8, 1969, provided that:

Pursuant to the provisions of section 4 of Executive Order 11491 [set out as a note under this section], I hereby designate the Director of the Bureau of the Budget [now the Office of Management and Budget] as a member of the Federal Labor Relations Council. This order of designation shall be published in the Federal Register.

Richard Nixon.

Ex. Ord. No. 9845, Apr. 28, 1947, 12 F.R. 2799, which permitted Bureau of Reclamation employees to accept appointments as constables or deputy sheriffs under state or territorial laws, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11408, Apr. 25, 1968, 33 F.R. 6459.

Ex. Ord. No. 12564, Sept. 15, 1986, 51 F.R. 32889, provided:

I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, find that:

Drug use is having serious adverse effects upon a significant proportion of the national work force and results in billions of dollars of lost productivity each year;

The Federal government, as an employer, is concerned with the well-being of its employees, the successful accomplishment of agency missions, and the need to maintain employee productivity;

The Federal government, as the largest employer in the Nation, can and should show the way towards achieving drug-free workplaces through a program designed to offer drug users a helping hand and, at the same time, demonstrating to drug users and potential drug users that drugs will not be tolerated in the Federal workplace;

The profits from illegal drugs provide the single greatest source of income for organized crime, fuel violent street crime, and otherwise contribute to the breakdown of our society;

The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal employees is inconsistent not only with the law-abiding behavior expected of all citizens, but also with the special trust placed in such employees as servants of the public;

Federal employees who use illegal drugs, on or off duty, tend to be less productive, less reliable, and prone to greater absenteeism than their fellow employees who do not use illegal drugs;

The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal employees impairs the efficiency of Federal departments and agencies, undermines public confidence in them, and makes it more difficult for other employees who do not use illegal drugs to perform their jobs effectively. The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal employees also can pose a serious health and safety threat to members of the public and to other Federal employees;

The use of illegal drugs, on or off duty, by Federal employees in certain positions evidences less than the complete reliability, stability, and good judgment that is consistent with access to sensitive information and creates the possibility of coercion, influence, and irresponsible action under pressure that may pose a serious risk to national security, the public safety, and the effective enforcement of the law; and

Federal employees who use illegal drugs must themselves be primarily responsible for changing their behavior and, if necessary, begin the process of rehabilitating themselves.

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including section 3301(2) of Title 5 of the United States Code, section 7301 of Title 5 of the United States Code, section 290ee–1 of Title 42 of the United States Code, deeming such action in the best interests of national security, public health and safety, law enforcement and the efficiency of the Federal service, and in order to establish standards and procedures to ensure fairness in achieving a drug-free Federal workplace and to protect the privacy of Federal employees, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Drug-Free Workplace*. (a) Federal employees are required to refrain from the use of illegal drugs.

(b) The use of illegal drugs by Federal employees, whether on duty or off duty, is contrary to the efficiency of the service.

(c) Persons who use illegal drugs are not suitable for Federal employment.

*Agency Responsibilities*. (a) The head of each Executive agency shall develop a plan for achieving the objective of a drug-free workplace with due consideration of the rights of the government, the employee, and the general public.

(b) Each agency plan shall include:

(1) A statement of policy setting forth the agency's expectations regarding drug use and the action to be anticipated in response to identified drug use;

(2) Employee Assistance Programs emphasizing high level direction, education, counseling, referral to rehabilitation, and coordination with available community resources;

(3) Supervisory training to assist in identifying and addressing illegal drug use by agency employees;

(4) Provision for self-referrals as well as supervisory referrals to treatment with maximum respect for individual confidentiality consistent with safety and security issues; and

(5) Provision for identifying illegal drug users, including testing on a controlled and carefully monitored basis in accordance with this Order.

*Drug Testing Programs*. (a) The head of each Executive agency shall establish a program to test for the use of illegal drugs by employees in sensitive positions. The extent to which such employees are tested and the criteria for such testing shall be determined by the head of each agency, based upon the nature of the agency's mission and its employees' duties, the efficient use of agency resources, and the danger to the public health and safety or national security that could result from the failure of an employee adequately to discharge his or her position.

(b) The head of each Executive agency shall establish a program for voluntary employee drug testing.

(c) In addition to the testing authorized in subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the head of each Executive agency is authorized to test an employee for illegal drug use under the following circumstances:

(1) When there is a reasonable suspicion that any employee uses illegal drugs;

(2) In an examination authorized by the agency regarding an accident or unsafe practice; or

(3) As part of or as a follow-up to counseling or rehabilitation for illegal drug use through an Employee Assistance Program.

(d) The head of each Executive agency is authorized to test any applicant for illegal drug use.

*Drug Testing Procedures*. (a) Sixty days prior to the implementation of a drug testing program pursuant to this Order, agencies shall notify employees that testing for use of illegal drugs is to be conducted and that they may seek counseling and rehabilitation and inform them of the procedures for obtaining such assistance through the agency's Employee Assistance Program. Agency drug testing programs already ongoing are exempted from the 60-day notice requirement. Agencies may take action under section 3(c) of this Order without reference to the 60-day notice period.

(b) Before conducting a drug test, the agency shall inform the employee to be tested of the opportunity to submit medical documentation that may support a legitimate use for a specific drug.

(c) Drug testing programs shall contain procedures for timely submission of requests for retention of records and specimens; procedures for retesting; and procedures, consistent with applicable law, to protect the confidentiality of test results and related medical and rehabilitation records. Procedures for providing urine specimens must allow individual privacy, unless the agency has reason to believe that a particular individual may alter or substitute the specimen to be provided.

(d) The Secretary of Health and Human Services is authorized to promulgate scientific and technical guidelines for drug testing programs, and agencies shall conduct their drug testing programs in accordance with these guidelines once promulgated.

*Personnel Actions*. (a) Agencies shall, in addition to any appropriate personnel actions, refer any employee who is found to use illegal drugs to an Employee Assistance Program for assessment, counseling, and referral for treatment or rehabilitation as appropriate.

(b) Agencies shall initiate action to discipline any employee who is found to use illegal drugs, *provided that* such action is not required for an employee who:

(1) Voluntarily identifies himself as a user of illegal drugs or who volunteers for drug testing pursuant to section 3(b) of this Order, prior to being identified through other means;

(2) Obtains counseling or rehabilitation through an Employee Assistance Program; and

(3) Thereafter refrains from using illegal drugs.

(c) Agencies shall not allow any employee to remain on duty in a sensitive position who is found to use illegal drugs, prior to successful completion of rehabilitation through an Employee Assistance Program. However, as part of a rehabilitation or counseling program, the head of an Executive agency may, in his or her discretion, allow an employee to return to duty in a sensitive position if it is determined that this action would not pose a danger to public health or safety or the national security.

(d) Agencies shall initiate action to remove from the service any employee who is found to use illegal drugs and:

(1) Refuses to obtain counseling or rehabilitation through an Employee Assistance Program; or

(2) Does not thereafter refrain from using illegal drugs.

(e) The results of a drug test and information developed by the agency in the course of the drug testing of the employee may be considered in processing any adverse action against the employee or for other administrative purposes. Preliminary test results may not be used in an administrative proceeding unless they are confirmed by a second analysis of the same sample or unless the employee confirms the accuracy of the initial test by admitting the use of illegal drugs.

(f) The determination of an agency that an employee uses illegal drugs can be made on the basis of any appropriate evidence, including direct observation, a criminal conviction, administrative inquiry, or the results of an authorized testing program. Positive drug test results may be rebutted by other evidence that an employee has not used illegal drugs.

(g) Any action to discipline an employee who is using illegal drugs (including removal from the service, if appropriate) shall be taken in compliance with otherwise applicable procedures, including the Civil Service Reform Act [Pub. L. 95–454, see Tables for classification].

(h) Drug testing shall not be conducted pursuant to this Order for the purpose of gathering evidence for use in criminal proceedings. Agencies are not required to report to the Attorney General for investigation or prosecution any information, allegation, or evidence relating to violations of Title 21 of the United States Code received as a result of the operation of drug testing programs established pursuant to this Order.

*Coordination of Agency Programs*. (a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall:

(1) Issue government-wide guidance to agencies on the implementation of the terms of this Order;

(2) Ensure that appropriate coverage for drug abuse is maintained for employees and their families under the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program;

(3) Develop a model Employee Assistance Program for Federal agencies and assist the agencies in putting programs in place;

(4) In consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, develop and improve training programs for Federal supervisors and managers on illegal drug use; and

(5) In cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and heads of Executive agencies, mount an intensive drug awareness campaign throughout the Federal work force.

(b) The Attorney General shall render legal advice regarding the implementation of this Order and shall be consulted with regard to all guidelines, regulations, and policies proposed to be adopted pursuant to this Order.

(c) Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to limit the authorities of the Director of Central Intelligence under the National Security Act of 1947, as amended [50 U.S.C. 3001 et seq.], or the statutory authorities of the National Security Agency or the Defense Intelligence Agency. Implementation of this Order within the Intelligence Community, as defined in Executive Order No. 12333 [50 U.S.C. 3001 note], shall be subject to the approval of the head of the affected agency.

*Definitions*.(a) This Order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch.

(b) For purposes of this Order, the term "agency" means an Executive agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105; the Uniformed Services, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2101(3) (but excluding the armed forces as defined by 5 U.S.C. 2101(2)); or any other employing unit or authority of the Federal government, except the United States Postal Service, the Postal Rate Commission, and employing units or authorities in the Judicial and Legislative Branches.

(c) For purposes of this Order, the term "illegal drugs" means a controlled substance included in Schedule I or II, as defined by section 802(6) of Title 21 of the United States Code, the possession of which is unlawful under chapter 13 of that Title. The term "illegal drugs" does not mean the use of a controlled substance pursuant to a valid prescription or other uses authorized by law.

(d) For purposes of this Order, the term "employee in a sensitive position" refers to:

(1) An employee in a position that an agency head designates Special Sensitive, Critical-Sensitive, or Noncritical-Sensitive under Chapter 731 of the Federal Personnel Manual or an employee in a position that an agency head designates as sensitive in accordance with Executive Order No. 10450, as amended [5 U.S.C. 7311 note];

(2) An employee who has been granted access to classified information or may be granted access to classified information pursuant to a determination of trustworthiness by an agency head under Section 4 of [former] Executive Order No. 12356;

(3) Individuals serving under Presidential appointments;

(4) Law enforcement officers as defined in 5 U.S.C. 8331(20); and

(5) Other positions that the agency head determines involve law enforcement, national security, the protection of life and property, public health or safety, or other functions requiring a high degree of trust and confidence.

(e) For purposes of this Order, the term "employee" means all persons appointed in the Civil Service as described in 5 U.S.C. 2105 (but excluding persons appointed in the armed services as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2102(2)).

(f) For purposes of this Order, the term "Employee Assistance Program" means agency-based counseling programs that offer assessment, short-term counseling, and referral services to employees for a wide range of drug, alcohol, and mental health programs that affect employee job performance. Employee Assistance Programs are responsible for referring drug-using employees for rehabilitation and for monitoring employees' progress while in treatment.

*Effective Date*. This Order is effective immediately.

Ronald Reagan.

[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Ex. Ord. No. 12674, Apr. 12, 1989, 54 F.R. 15159, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12731, Oct. 17, 1990, 55 F.R. 42547, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, and in order to establish fair and exacting standards of ethical conduct for all executive branch employees, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Principles of Ethical Conduct*. To ensure that every citizen can have complete confidence in the integrity of the Federal Government, each Federal employee shall respect and adhere to the fundamental principles of ethical service as implemented in regulations promulgated under sections 201 and 301 of this order:

(a) Public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws, and ethical principles above private gain.

(b) Employees shall not hold financial interests that conflict with the conscientious performance of duty.

(c) Employees shall not engage in financial transactions using nonpublic Government information or allow the improper use of such information to further any private interest.

(d) An employee shall not, except pursuant to such reasonable exceptions as are provided by regulation, solicit or accept any gift or other item of monetary value from any person or entity seeking official action from, doing business with, or conducting activities regulated by the employee's agency, or whose interests may be substantially affected by the performance or nonperformance of the employee's duties.

(e) Employees shall put forth honest effort in the performance of their duties.

(f) Employees shall make no unauthorized commitments or promises of any kind purporting to bind the Government.

(g) Employees shall not use public office for private gain.

(h) Employees shall act impartially and not give preferential treatment to any private organization or individual.

(i) Employees shall protect and conserve Federal property and shall not use it for other than authorized activities.

(j) Employees shall not engage in outside employment or activities, including seeking or negotiating for employment, that conflict with official Government duties and responsibilities.

(k) Employees shall disclose waste, fraud, abuse, and corruption to appropriate authorities.

(l) Employees shall satisfy in good faith their obligations as citizens, including all just financial obligations, especially those—such as Federal, State, or local taxes—that are imposed by law.

(m) Employees shall adhere to all laws and regulations that provide equal opportunity for all Americans regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap.

(n) Employees shall endeavor to avoid any actions creating the appearance that they are violating the law or the ethical standards promulgated pursuant to this order.

*Limitations on Outside Earned Income.*

(a) No employee who is appointed by the President to a full-time noncareer position in the executive branch (including full-time noncareer employees in the White House Office, the Office of Policy Development, and the Office of Cabinet Affairs), shall receive any earned income for any outside employment or activity performed during that Presidential appointment.

(b) The prohibition set forth in subsection (a) shall not apply to any full-time noncareer employees employed pursuant to 3 U.S.C. 105 and 3 U.S.C. 107(a) at salaries below the minimum rate of basic pay then paid for GS–9 of the General Schedule. Any outside employment must comply with relevant agency standards of conduct, including any requirements for approval of outside employment.

*The Office of Government Ethics*. The Office of Government Ethics shall be responsible for administering this order by:

(a) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, regulations that establish a single, comprehensive, and clear set of executive-branch standards of conduct that shall be objective, reasonable, and enforceable.

(b) Developing, disseminating, and periodically updating an ethics manual for employees of the executive branch describing the applicable statutes, rules, decisions, and policies.

(c) Promulgating, with the concurrence of the Attorney General, regulations interpreting the provisions of the post-employment statute, section 207 of title 18, United States Code; the general conflict-of-interest statute, section 208 of title 18, United States Code; and the statute prohibiting supplementation of salaries, section 209 of title 18, United States Code.

(d) Promulgating, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, regulations establishing a system of nonpublic (confidential) financial disclosure by executive branch employees to complement the system of public disclosure under the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–521, see Tables for classification and see 5 U.S.C. 13101 et seq.]. Such regulations shall include criteria to guide agencies in determining which employees shall submit these reports.

(e) Ensuring that any implementing regulations issued by agencies under this order are consistent with and promulgated in accordance with this order.

*Executive Office of the President*. In that the agencies within the Executive Office of the President (EOP) currently exercise functions that are not distinct and separate from each other within the meaning and for the purposes of section 207(e) of title 18, United States Code, those agencies shall be treated as one agency under section 207(c) of title 18, United States Code.

*Agency Responsibilities*. Each agency head is directed to:

(a) Supplement, as necessary and appropriate, the comprehensive executive branch-wide regulations of the Office of Government Ethics, with regulations of special applicability to the particular functions and activities of that agency. Any supplementary agency regulations shall be prepared as addenda to the branch-wide regulations and promulgated jointly with the Office of Government Ethics, at the agency's expense, for inclusion in Title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

(b) Ensure the review by all employees of this order and regulations promulgated pursuant to the order.

(c) Coordinate with the Office of Government Ethics in developing annual agency ethics training plans. Such training shall include mandatory annual briefings on ethics and standards of conduct for all employees appointed by the President, all employees in the Executive Office of the President, all officials required to file public or nonpublic financial disclosure reports, all employees who are contracting officers and procurement officials, and any other employees designated by the agency head.

(d) Where practicable, consult formally or informally with the Office of Government Ethics prior to granting any exemption under section 208 of title 18, United States Code, and provide the Director of the Office of Government Ethics a copy of any exemption granted.

(e) Ensure that the rank, responsibilities, authority, staffing, and resources of the Designated Agency Ethics Official are sufficient to ensure the effectiveness of the agency ethics program. Support should include the provision of a separate budget line item for ethics activities, where practicable.

*Delegations to Agency Heads*. Except in the case of the head of an agency, the authority of the President under sections 203(d), 205(e), and 208(b) of title 18, United States Code, to grant exemptions or approvals to individuals, is delegated to the head of the agency in which an individual requiring an exemption or approval is employed or to which the individual (or the committee, commission, board, or similar group employing the individual) is attached for purposes of administration.

*Delegations to the Counsel to the President.*

(a) Except as provided in section 401, the authority of the President under sections 203(d), 205(e), and 208(b) of title 18, United States Code, to grant exemptions or approvals for Presidential appointees to committees, commissions, boards, or similar groups established by the President is delegated to the Counsel to the President.

(b) The authority of the President under sections 203(d), 205(e), and 208(b) of title 18, United States Code, to grant exemptions or approvals for individuals appointed pursuant to 3 U.S.C. 105 and 3 U.S.C. 107(a), is delegated to the Counsel to the President.

*Delegation Regarding Civil Service*. The Office of Personnel Management and the Office of Government Ethics, as appropriate, are delegated the authority vested in the President by 5 U.S.C. 7301 to establish general regulations for the implementation of this Executive order.

*Revocations*. The following Executive orders are hereby revoked:

(a) Executive Order No. 11222 of May 8, 1965.

(b) Executive Order No. 12565 of September 25, 1986.

*Savings Provision.*

(a) All actions already taken by the President or by his delegates concerning matters affected by this order and in force when this order is issued, including any regulations issued under Executive Order 11222, Executive Order 12565, or statutory authority, shall, except as they are irreconcilable with the provisions of this order or terminate by operation of law or by Presidential action, remain in effect until properly amended, modified, or revoked pursuant to the authority conferred by this order or any regulations promulgated under this order. Notwithstanding anything in section 102 of this order, employees may carry out preexisting contractual obligations entered into before April 12, 1989.

(b) Financial reports filed in confidence (pursuant to the authority of Executive Order No. 11222, 5 C.F.R. Part 735, and individual agency regulations) shall continue to be held in confidence.

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order, the term:

(a) "Contracting officers and procurement officials" means all such officers and officials as defined in the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act Amendments of 1988 [see 41 U.S.C. 2101].

(b) "Employee" means any officer or employee of an agency, including a special Government employee.

(c) "Agency" means any executive agency as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, including any executive department as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101, Government corporation as defined in 5 U.S.C. 103, or an independent establishment in the executive branch as defined in 5 U.S.C. 104 (other than the General Accounting Office [now Government Accountability Office]), and the United States Postal Service and Postal Rate Commission.

(d) "Head of an agency" means, in the case of an agency headed by more than one person, the chair or comparable member of such agency.

(e) "Special Government employee" means a special Government employee as defined in 18 U.S.C. 202(a).

*Judicial Review*. This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by a party against the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.

Ex. Ord. No. 12820, Nov. 5, 1992, 57 F.R. 53429, which facilitated Federal employees' participation in community service activities, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13401, §3(b), Apr. 27, 2006, 71 F.R. 25738.

Ex. Ord. No. 13058, Aug. 9, 1997, 62 F.R. 43451, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America and in order to protect Federal Government employees and members of the public from exposure to tobacco smoke in the Federal workplace, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. It is the policy of the executive branch to establish a smoke-free environment for Federal employees and members of the public visiting or using Federal facilities. The smoking of tobacco products is thus prohibited in all interior space owned, rented, or leased by the executive branch of the Federal Government, and in any outdoor areas under executive branch control in front of air intake ducts.

*Exceptions*. The general policy established by this order is subject to the following exceptions: (a) The order does not apply in designated smoking areas that are enclosed and exhausted directly to the outside and away from air intake ducts, and are maintained under negative pressure (with respect to surrounding spaces) sufficient to contain tobacco smoke within the designated area. Agency officials shall not require workers to enter such areas during business hours while smoking is ongoing.

(b) The order does not extend to any residential accommodation for persons voluntarily or involuntarily residing, on a temporary or long-term basis, in a building owned, leased, or rented by the Federal Government.

(c) The order does not extend to those portions of federally owned buildings leased, rented, or otherwise provided in their entirety to nonfederal parties.

(d) The order does not extend to places of employment in the private sector or in other nonfederal governmental units that serve as the permanent or intermittent duty station of one or more Federal employees.

(e) The head of any agency may establish limited and narrow exceptions that are necessary to accomplish agency missions. Such exception shall be in writing, approved by the agency head, and to the fullest extent possible provide protection of nonsmokers from exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. Authority to establish such exceptions may not be delegated.

*Other Locations*. The heads of agencies shall evaluate the need to restrict smoking at doorways and in courtyards under executive branch control in order to protect workers and visitors from environmental tobacco smoke, and may restrict smoking in these areas in light of this evaluation.

*Smoking Cessation Programs*. The heads of agencies are encouraged to use existing authority to establish programs designed to help employees stop smoking.

*Responsibility for Implementation*. The heads of agencies are responsible for implementing and ensuring compliance with the provisions of this order. "Agency" as used in this order means an Executive agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, and includes any employing unit or authority of the Federal Government, other than those of the legislative and judicial branches. Independent agencies are encouraged to comply with the provisions of this order.

*Phase-In of Implementation*. Implementation of the policy set forth in this order shall be achieved no later than 1 year after the date of this order. This 1 year phase-in period is designed to establish a fixed but reasonable time for implementing this policy. Agency heads are directed during this period to inform all employees and visitors to executive branch facilities about the requirements of this order, inform their employees of the health risks of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and undertake related activities as necessary.

*Consistency with Other Laws*. The provisions of this order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law, including the Federal Service Labor-Management Relations Act (5 U.S.C. 7101 *et seq*.) and the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 151 *et seq*.)[.] Provisions of existing collective bargaining agreements shall be honored and agencies shall consult with employee labor representatives about the implementation of this order. Nothing herein shall be construed to impair or alter the powers and duties of Federal agencies established under law. Nothing herein shall be construed to replace any agency policy currently in effect, if such policy is legally established, in writing, and consistent with the terms of this order. Agencies shall review their current policy to confirm that agency policy comports with this order, and policy found not in compliance shall be revised to comply with the terms of this order.

*Cause of Action*. This order does not create any right to administrative or judicial review, or any other right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by a party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person or affect in any way the liability of the executive branch under the Federal Tort Claims Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2671 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure].

*Construction*. Nothing in this order shall limit an agency head from establishing more protective policies on smoking in the Federal workplace for employees and members of the public visiting or using Federal facilities.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13401, Apr. 27, 2006, 71 F.R. 25737, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America and in order to help ensure that the Federal Government supports and encourages volunteer community service, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Designation of a Liaison for Volunteer Community Service*. (a) The head of each agency shall, within 20 days after the date of this order, designate an officer or employee of such agency compensated at a level at or above the minimum level of pay of a member of the Senior Executive Service to serve under the authority of the head of the agency as the agency liaison for volunteer community service (Liaison).

(b) The Liaison in each agency shall promote and support community service on a voluntary basis among Federal employees, including those approaching retirement; promote the use of skilled volunteers; and facilitate public recognition for volunteer community service.

(c) The head of each agency shall prescribe arrangements within the agency for support and supervision of the Liaison that ensure high priority and substantial visibility for the function of the Liaison within the agency under this order.

(d) Each executive agency shall provide its Liaison with appropriate administrative support and other resources to meet the responsibilities of the Liaison under this order.

*Goals and Responsibilities of the Liaison*. The Liaison shall foster within the Liaison's agency a culture of taking responsibility, service to others, and good citizenship. Toward that end, the Liaison shall:

(a) identify, catalog, and review all activities of the agency that relate to volunteer community service, including, but not limited to rules, orders, grant programs, external relations, and other policies and practices, and make such recommendations to the head of the agency for adjustments as may be appropriate;

(b) actively work with USA Freedom Corps to promote volunteer community service among agency employees by providing information about community service opportunities;

(c) coordinate within the agency actions to facilitate public recognition for volunteer community service;

(d) promote, expand, and enhance skilled volunteer community service opportunities;

(e) work with the USA Freedom Corps and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) to consider any appropriate changes in agency policies or practices that are not currently consistent with OPM guidance;

(f) coordinate the awarding of the President's Volunteer Service Award to recognize outstanding volunteer service by employees within the agency; and

(g) act as a liaison with the USA Freedom Corps.

*Administrative Provisions*. (a) The USA Freedom Corps shall provide such information with respect to volunteer community service programs and activities and such advice and assistance as may be required by agencies in performing their functions under this order.

(b) Executive Order 12820 of November 5, 1992, is revoked.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) As used in this order:

(i) "agency" has the meaning of "executive agency" as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code; and

(ii) "USA Freedom Corps" means the Director of the USA Freedom Corps Office established by section 4 of Executive Order 13254 of January 29, 2002.

*Reporting Provisions*. (a) Not later than 180 days from the date of this order and annually thereafter, each agency Liaison shall prepare and submit a report to the USA Freedom Corps that includes a description of the agency's activities in performing its functions under this order.

(b) A Liaison's first report under subsection (a) shall include annual performance indicators and measurable objectives for agency action approved by the head of the agency. Each report filed thereafter under subsection (a) shall measure the agency's performance against the indicators and objectives approved by the head of the agency.

*Judicial Review*. This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by any party at law or in equity against the United States, its departments, agencies, entities, officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

George W. Bush.

Ex. Ord. No. 13488, Jan. 16, 2009, 74 F.R. 4111, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13764, §2, Jan. 17, 2017, 82 F.R. 8116, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including sections 1104(a)(1), 3301, and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, and in order to simplify and streamline the system of Federal Government personnel investigative and adjudicative processes to make them more efficient and effective, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. (a) When agencies conduct fitness determinations, prior favorable fitness or suitability determinations shall be granted reciprocal recognition, to the extent practicable.

(b) It is necessary to reinvestigate individuals in positions of public trust in order to ensure that they remain suitable for continued employment.

*Definitions*. For the purposes of this order:]

(a) "Agency" means an executive agency as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code, but does not include the Government Accountability Office.

(b) "Contractor employee" means an individual who performs work for or on behalf of any agency under a contract and who, in order to perform the work specified under the contract, will require access to space, information, information technology systems, staff, or other assets of the Federal Government, and who could, by the nature of his or her access or duties, adversely affect the integrity or efficiency of the Government. Such contracts, include, but are not limited to:

(i) personal services contracts;

(ii) contracts between any non-Federal entity and any agency; and

(iii) sub-contracts between any non-Federal entity and another non-Federal entity to perform work related to the primary contract with the agency.

(c) "Excepted service" has the meaning provided in section 2103 of title 5, United States Code, but does not include those positions in any element of the intelligence community as defined in the National Security Act of 1947, as amended, to the extent they are not otherwise subject to Office of Personnel Management appointing authorities.

(d) "Fitness" is the level of character and conduct determined necessary for an individual to perform work for or on behalf of a Federal agency as an employee in the excepted service (other than a position subject to suitability), as a contractor employee, or as a nonappropriated fund employee.

(e) "Fitness determination" means a decision by an agency that an individual has or does not have the required level of character and conduct necessary to perform work for or on behalf of a Federal agency as an employee in the excepted service (other than a position subject to suitability), as a contractor employee, or as a nonappropriated fund employee. A favorable fitness determination is not a decision to appoint or contract with an individual.

(f) "Nonappropriated fund employee" means an employee paid from nonappropriated funds of an instrumentality of the United States under the jurisdiction of the Armed Forces conducted for the comfort, pleasure, contentment, and mental and physical improvement of personnel of the Armed Forces as described in section 2105 of title 5, United States Code.

(g) "Position of Public Trust" has the meaning provided in 5 CFR Part 731.

(h) "Suitability" has the meaning and coverage provided in 5 CFR Part 731.

(a) *Adjudications for determining fitness for contractual or nonappropriated fund employment*. While the Office of Personnel Management establishes the minimum adjudicative criteria for suitability and fitness determinations for employment in the civil service pursuant to the Civil Service Rules, the heads of agencies retain the discretion to establish adjudicative criteria for determining fitness to perform work as a contractor employee or as a nonappropriated fund employee. Such discretion shall be exercised with due regard to the regulations and guidance prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the civil service and, for contractual work, subject to applicable regulations and directives of the Office of Management and Budget.

(b) *Investigations for determining fitness for contractual or nonappropriated fund employment*. Contractor employee fitness or nonappropriated fund employee fitness is subject to the same position designation requirements and investigative standards, policies, and procedures as fitness determinations for civil service employees, as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management under the Civil Service Rules.

(c) *Reciprocity*. Fitness determinations and investigations for fitness determinations for contractor employees and for nonappropriated fund employees are subject to the same reciprocity requirements as those for employment in the civil service, as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management under the Civil Service Rules.

*Reinvestigation of Individuals in Positions of Public Trust*. Individuals in positions of public trust shall be subject to reinvestigation under standards (including but not limited to the frequency of such reinvestigation) as determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, to ensure their suitability for continued employment.

*Responsibilities*. (a) An agency shall report to the Office of Personnel Management the nature and results of the background investigation and fitness determination (or later changes to that determination) made on an individual, to the extent consistent with law.

(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management is delegated authority to implement this order, including the authority to issue regulations and guidance governing suitability, or guidance related to fitness, as the Director determines appropriate.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) authority granted by law to a department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budget, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order shall not suspend, impede, or otherwise affect Executive Order 10450 of April 27, 1953, as amended, or Executive Order 13467 of June 30, 2008;

(d) This order is intended only to improve the internal management of the executive branch and is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its agencies, instrumentalities, or entities, its officers, employees or agents, or any other person.

*Effective Date and Applicability*. This order is effective upon issuance and is applicable to individuals newly appointed to excepted service positions or hired as contractor employees beginning 90 days from the effective date of this order.

Ex. Ord. No. 13989, Jan. 20, 2021, 86 F.R. 7029, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, and sections 3301 and 7301 of title 5, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Ethics Pledge*. Every appointee in every executive agency appointed on or after January 20, 2021, shall sign, and upon signing shall be contractually committed to, the following pledge upon becoming an appointee:

"I recognize that this pledge is part of a broader ethics in government plan designed to restore and maintain public trust in government, and I commit myself to conduct consistent with that plan. I commit to decision-making on the merits and exclusively in the public interest, without regard to private gain or personal benefit. I commit to conduct that upholds the independence of law enforcement and precludes improper interference with investigative or prosecutorial decisions of the Department of Justice. I commit to ethical choices of post-Government employment that do not raise the appearance that I have used my Government service for private gain, including by using confidential information acquired and relationships established for the benefit of future clients.

"Accordingly, as a condition, and in consideration, of my employment in the United States Government in a position invested with the public trust, I commit myself to the following obligations, which I understand are binding on me and are enforceable under law:

"1. *Lobbyist Gift Ban*. I will not accept gifts from registered lobbyists or lobbying organizations for the duration of my service as an appointee.

"2. *Revolving Door Ban—All Appointees Entering Government*. I will not for a period of 2 years from the date of my appointment participate in any particular matter involving specific parties that is directly and substantially related to my former employer or former clients, including regulations and contracts.

"3. *Revolving Door Ban—Lobbyists and Registered Agents Entering Government*. If I was registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act, 2 U.S.C. 1601 et seq., or the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), 22 U.S.C. 611 et seq., within the 2 years before the date of my appointment, in addition to abiding by the limitations of paragraph 2, I will not for a period of 2 years after the date of my appointment:

(a) participate in any particular matter on which I lobbied, or engaged in registrable activity under FARA, within the 2 years before the date of my appointment;

(b) participate in the specific issue area in which that particular matter falls; or

(c) seek or accept employment with any executive agency with respect to which I lobbied, or engaged in registrable activity under FARA, within the 2 years before the date of my appointment.

"4. *Revolving Door Ban—Appointees Leaving Government*. If, upon my departure from the Government, I am covered by the post-employment restrictions on communicating with employees of my former executive agency set forth in section 207(c) of title 18, United States Code, and its implementing regulations, I agree that I will abide by those restrictions for a period of 2 years following the end of my appointment. I will abide by these same restrictions with respect to communicating with the senior White House staff.

"5. *Revolving Door Ban—Senior and Very Senior Appointees Leaving Government*. If, upon my departure from the Government, I am covered by the post-employment restrictions set forth in sections 207(c) or 207(d) of title 18, United States Code, and those sections' implementing regulations, I agree that, in addition, for a period of 1 year following the end of my appointment, I will not materially assist others in making communications or appearances that I am prohibited from undertaking myself by (a) holding myself out as being available to engage in lobbying activities in support of any such communications or appearances; or (b) engaging in any such lobbying activities.

"6. *Revolving Door Ban—Appointees Leaving Government to Lobby*. In addition to abiding by the limitations of paragraph 4, I also agree, upon leaving Government service, not to lobby any covered executive branch official or non-career Senior Executive Service appointee, or engage in any activity on behalf of any foreign government or foreign political party which, were it undertaken on January 20, 2021, would require that I register under FARA, for the remainder of the Administration or 2 years following the end of my appointment, whichever is later.

"7. *Golden Parachute Ban*. I have not accepted and will not accept, including after entering Government, any salary or other cash payment from my former employer the eligibility for and payment of which is limited to individuals accepting a position in the United States Government. I also have not accepted and will not accept any non-cash benefit from my former employer that is provided in lieu of such a prohibited cash payment.

"8. *Employment Qualification Commitment*. I agree that any hiring or other employment decisions I make will be based on the candidate's qualifications, competence, and experience.

"9. *Assent to Enforcement*. I acknowledge that the Executive Order entitled 'Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel,' issued by the President on January 20, 2021, which I have read before signing this document, defines certain of the terms applicable to the foregoing obligations and sets forth the methods for enforcing them. I expressly accept the provisions of that Executive Order as a part of this agreement and as binding on me. I understand that the terms of this pledge are in addition to any statutory or other legal restrictions applicable to me by virtue of Federal Government service."

*Definitions*. For purposes of this order and the pledge set forth in section 1 of this order:

(a) "Executive agency" shall include each "executive agency" as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code, and shall include the Executive Office of the President; provided, however, that "executive agency" shall include the United States Postal Service and Postal Regulatory Commission, but shall exclude the Government Accountability Office.

(b) "Appointee" shall include every full-time, non-career Presidential or Vice-Presidential appointee, non-career appointee in the Senior Executive Service (or other SES-type system), and appointee to a position that has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of being of a confidential or policymaking character (Schedule C and other positions excepted under comparable criteria) in an executive agency. It does not include any person appointed as a member of the Senior Foreign Service or solely as a uniformed service commissioned officer.

(c) "Gift":

(i) shall have the definition set forth in section 2635.203(b) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations;

(ii) shall include gifts that are solicited or accepted indirectly, as defined in section 2635.203(f) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; and

(iii) shall exclude those items excluded by sections 2635.204(b), (c), (e)(1) and (3), and (j) through (l) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.

(d) "Covered executive branch official" and "lobbyist" shall have the definitions set forth in section 1602 of title 2, United States Code.

(e) "Registered lobbyist or lobbying organization" shall mean a lobbyist or an organization filing a registration pursuant to section 1603(a) of title 2, United States Code, and in the case of an organization filing such a registration, "registered lobbyist" shall include each of the lobbyists identified therein.

(f) "Lobby" and "lobbied" shall mean to act or have acted as a registered lobbyist.

(g) "Lobbying activities" shall have the definition set forth in section 1602 of title 2, United States Code.

(h) "Materially assist" means to provide substantive assistance but does not include providing background or general education on a matter of law or policy based upon an individual's subject matter expertise, nor any conduct or assistance permitted under section 207(j) of title 18, United States Code.

(i) "Particular matter" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 207 of title 18, United States Code, and section 2635.402(b)(3) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.

(j) "Particular matter involving specific parties" shall have the same meaning as set forth in section 2641.201(h) of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, except that it shall also include any meeting or other communication relating to the performance of one's official duties with a former employer or former client, unless the communication applies to a particular matter of general applicability and participation in the meeting or other event is open to all interested parties.

(k) "Former employer" is any person for whom the appointee has within the 2 years prior to the date of his or her appointment served as an employee, officer, director, trustee, or general partner, except that "former employer" does not include any executive agency or other entity of the Federal Government, State or local government, the District of Columbia, Native American tribe, any United States territory or possession, or any international organization in which the United States is a member state.

(l) "Former client" is any person for whom the appointee served personally as agent, attorney, or consultant within the 2 years prior to the date of his or her appointment, but excluding instances where the service provided was limited to speeches or similar appearances. It does not include clients of the appointee's former employer to whom the appointee did not personally provide services.

(m) "Directly and substantially related to my former employer or former clients" shall mean matters in which the appointee's former employer or a former client is a party or represents a party.

(n) "Participate" means to participate personally and substantially.

(o) "Government official" means any employee of the executive branch.

(p) "Administration" means all terms of office of the incumbent President serving at the time of the appointment of an appointee covered by this order.

(q) "Pledge" means the ethics pledge set forth in section 1 of this order.

(r) "Senior White House staff" means any person appointed by the President to a position under sections 105(a)(2)(A) or (B) of title 3, United States Code, or by the Vice President to a position under sections 106(a)(1)(A) or (B) of title 3.

(s) All references to provisions of law and regulations shall refer to such provisions as are in effect on January 20, 2021.

*Waiver*. (a) The Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), in consultation with the Counsel to the President, may grant to any current or former appointee a written waiver of any restrictions contained in the pledge signed by such appointee if, and to the extent that, the Director of OMB certifies in writing:

(i) that the literal application of the restriction is inconsistent with the purposes of the restriction; or

(ii) that it is in the public interest to grant the waiver. Any such written waiver should reflect the basis for the waiver and, in the case of a waiver of the restrictions set forth in paragraphs 3(b) and (c) of the pledge, a discussion of the findings with respect to the factors set forth in subsection (b) of this section.

(b) A waiver shall take effect when the certification is signed by the Director of OMB and shall be made public within 10 days thereafter.

(c) The public interest shall include, but not be limited to, exigent circumstances relating to national security, the economy, public health, or the environment. In determining whether it is in the public interest to grant a waiver of the restrictions contained in paragraphs 3(b) and (c) of the pledge, the responsible official may consider the following factors:

(i) the government's need for the individual's services, including the existence of special circumstances related to national security, the economy, public health, or the environment;

(ii) the uniqueness of the individual's qualifications to meet the government's needs;

(iii) the scope and nature of the individual's prior lobbying activities, including whether such activities were de minimis or rendered on behalf of a nonprofit organization; and

(iv) the extent to which the purposes of the restriction may be satisfied through other limitations on the individual's services, such as those required by paragraph 3(a) of the pledge.

*Administration*. (a) The head of every executive agency shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, establish such rules or procedures (conforming as nearly as practicable to the agency's general ethics rules and procedures, including those relating to designated agency ethics officers) as are necessary or appropriate to ensure:

(i) that every appointee in the agency signs the pledge upon assuming the appointed office or otherwise becoming an appointee;

(ii) that compliance with paragraph 3 of the pledge is addressed in a written ethics agreement with each appointee to whom it applies, which agreement shall also be approved by the Counsel to the President prior to the appointee commencing work;

(iii) that spousal employment issues and other conflicts not expressly addressed by the pledge are addressed in ethics agreements with appointees or, where no such agreements are required, through ethics counseling; and

(iv) that the agency generally complies with this order.

(b) With respect to the Executive Office of the President, the duties set forth in section 4(a) of this order shall be the responsibility of the Counsel to the President.

(c) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall:

(i) ensure that the pledge and a copy of this order are made available for use by agencies in fulfilling their duties under section 4(a) of this order;

(ii) in consultation with the Attorney General or the Counsel to the President, when appropriate, assist designated agency ethics officers in providing advice to current or former appointees regarding the application of the pledge; and

(iii) in consultation with the Attorney General and the Counsel to the President, adopt such rules or procedures as are necessary or appropriate:

(A) to carry out the foregoing responsibilities;

(B) to authorize limited exceptions to the lobbyist gift ban for circumstances that do not implicate the purposes of the ban;

(C) to make clear that no person shall have violated the lobbyist gift ban if the person properly disposes of a gift as provided by section 2635.206 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations;

(D) to ensure that existing rules and procedures for Government employees engaged in negotiations for future employment with private businesses that are affected by the employees' official actions do not affect the integrity of the Government's programs and operations;

(E) to ensure, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, that the requirement set forth in paragraph 6 of the pledge is honored by every employee of the executive branch;

(iv) in consultation with the Director of OMB, report to the President on whether full compliance is being achieved with existing laws and regulations governing executive branch procurement lobbying disclosure. This report shall include recommendations on steps the executive branch can take to expand, to the fullest extent practicable, disclosure of both executive branch procurement lobbying and of lobbying for Presidential pardons. These recommendations shall include both immediate actions the executive branch can take and, if necessary, recommendations for legislation; and

(v) provide an annual public report on the administration of the pledge and this order.

(d) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Counsel to the President, and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, report to the President on steps the executive branch can take to expand to the fullest extent practicable the revolving door ban set forth in paragraph 5 of the pledge to all executive branch employees who are involved in the procurement process such that they may not for 2 years after leaving Government service lobby any Government official regarding a Government contract that was under their official responsibility in the last 2 years of their Government service. This report shall include both immediate actions the executive branch can take and, if necessary, recommendations for legislation.

(e) All pledges signed by appointees, and all waiver certifications with respect thereto, shall be filed with the head of the appointee's agency for permanent retention in the appointee's official personnel folder or equivalent folder.

*Enforcement*. (a) The contractual, fiduciary, and ethical commitments in the pledge provided for herein are solely enforceable by the United States pursuant to this section by any legally available means, including debarment proceedings within any affected executive agency or judicial civil proceedings for declaratory, injunctive, or monetary relief.

(b) Any former appointee who is determined, after notice and hearing, by the duly designated authority within any agency, to have violated his or her pledge may be barred from lobbying any officer or employee of that agency for up to 5 years in addition to the time period covered by the pledge. The head of every executive agency shall, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, establish procedures to implement this subsection, which procedures shall include (but not be limited to) providing for fact-finding and investigation of possible violations of this order and for referrals to the Attorney General for consideration pursuant to subsection (c) of this order.

(c) The Attorney General is authorized:

(i) upon receiving information regarding the possible breach of any commitment in a signed pledge, to request any appropriate Federal investigative authority to conduct such investigations as may be appropriate; and

(ii) upon determining that there is a reasonable basis to believe that a breach of a commitment has occurred or will occur or continue, if not enjoined, to commence a civil action against the former employee in any United States District Court with jurisdiction to consider the matter.

(d) In any such civil action, the Attorney General is authorized to request any and all relief authorized by law, including but not limited to:

(i) such temporary restraining orders and preliminary and permanent injunctions as may be appropriate to restrain future, recurring, or continuing conduct by the former employee in breach of the commitments in the pledge he or she signed; and

(ii) establishment of a constructive trust for the benefit of the United States, requiring an accounting and payment to the United States Treasury of all money and other things of value received by, or payable to, the former employee arising out of any breach or attempted breach of the pledge signed by the former employee.

*General Provisions*. (a) If any provision of this order or the application of such provision is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and other dissimilar applications of such provision shall not be affected.

(b) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(c) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(d) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

J.R. Biden, Jr.

Provisions relating to ethics commitments by executive branch appointees were contained in the following prior Executive Orders:

Ex. Ord. No. 13770, Jan. 28, 2017, 82 F.R. 9333, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13983, Jan. 19, 2021, 86 F.R. 6835, eff. noon Jan. 20, 2021.

Ex. Ord. No. 13490, Jan. 21, 2009, 74 F.R. 4673, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13770, §6(a), Jan. 28, 2017, 82 F.R. 9337.

Ex. Ord. No. 12834, Jan. 20, 1993, 58 F.R. 5911, revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13184, Dec. 28, 2000, 66 F.R. 697, eff. noon Jan. 20, 2001.

Ex. Ord. No. 14043, Sept. 9, 2021, 86 F.R. 50989, which related to mandatory COVID–19 vaccination for Federal employees, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14099, §2, May 9, 2023, 88 F.R. 30891.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Dec. 20, 2010, 75 F.R. 80673, provided:

Memorandum for the Director of the Office of Personnel Management

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby delegate to you the functions and authority conferred upon the President by section 7301 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to providing appropriate workplace accommodations for executive branch civilian employees who are nursing mothers.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 18, 2012, 77 F.R. 24339, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Despite the considerable progress made since the initial passage of the Violence Against Women Act in 1994 ([title IV of] Public Law 103–322), domestic violence remains a significant problem facing individuals, families, and communities. Domestic violence causes two million injuries each year, and an average of three women in the United States die each day as a result of domestic violence. While a disproportionate number of victims are women, domestic violence can affect anyone.

The effects of domestic violence spill over into the workplace. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that domestic violence costs our Nation $8 billion a year in lost productivity and health care costs alone, and other studies have suggested that the full economic impact is even higher. Moreover, many victims of domestic violence report being harassed in the workplace or experiencing other employment-related effects.

As the Nation's largest employer, the Federal Government should act as a model in responding to the effects of domestic violence on its workforce. Executive departments and agencies (agencies) have taken steps to address this issue, including by enhancing the quality and effectiveness of security in Federal facilities and by linking victims of domestic violence with Employee Assistance Programs. By building on these important efforts and existing policies, the Federal Government can further address the effects of domestic violence on its workforce.

It is the policy of the Federal Government to promote the health and safety of its employees by acting to prevent domestic violence within the workplace and by providing support and assistance to Federal employees whose working lives are affected by such violence. Therefore, by the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I hereby direct the following:

*Government-wide Guidance to Address the Effects of Domestic Violence on the Federal Workforce*. Within 240 days of the date of this memorandum, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) shall, in consultation with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and other interested heads of agencies:

(a) issue guidance to agencies on the content of agency-specific policies, as required by section 2 of this memorandum, to prevent domestic violence and address its effects on the Federal workforce. The guidance shall include recommended steps agencies can take as employers for early intervention in and prevention of domestic violence committed against or by employees, guidelines for assisting employee victims, leave policies relating to domestic violence situations, general guidelines on when it may be appropriate to take disciplinary action against employees who commit or threaten acts of domestic violence, measures to improve workplace safety related to domestic violence, and resources for identifying relevant best practices related to domestic violence;

(b) establish a process for providing technical assistance to agencies in developing agency-specific policies, consistent with the guidance created pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, that meet the needs of their workforce; and

(c) consider whether issuing further guidance is warranted with respect to sexual assault and stalking and, if so, issue such guidance.

*Agency-Specific Actions and Policies*. (a) Within 90 days from the date of this memorandum, each agency shall make available to the Director of OPM any existing agency-specific policies and practices for addressing the effects of domestic violence on its workforce.

(b) Within 120 days from the issuance of the guidance created pursuant to section 1 of this memorandum, each agency shall develop or modify, as appropriate, agency-specific polices for addressing the effects of domestic violence on its workforce, consistent with OPM guidance. Each agency shall submit for review and comment to the Director of OPM, a draft new or modified agency-specific policy. In reviewing the draft agency-specific policies, the Director of OPM shall consult with the Attorney General, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and other interested agency heads. Each agency shall issue a final agency-specific policy within 180 days after submission of its draft policy to the Director of OPM.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i) the authority granted by law to an agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This memorandum shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Director of OPM is hereby authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

(a) Not later than the effective date of the amendments made by section 1106 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004,1 or 180 days after the date of the enactment of that Act, whichever is later, the Office of Personnel Management shall, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Government Ethics, promulgate regulations requiring that each Executive branch agency notify any employee of that agency who is subject to the provisions of section 207(c)(1) of title 18, as a result of the amendment to section 207(c)(2)(A)(ii) of that title by that Act.

(b) The regulations shall require that notice be given before, or as part of, the action that affects the employee's coverage under section 207(c)(1) of title 18, by virtue of the provisions of section 207(c)(2)(A)(ii) of that title, and again when employment or service in the covered position is terminated.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1125(b)(2), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1639.)

The effective date of the amendments made by section 1106 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, referred to in subsec. (a), probably means the effective date of the amendments made by section 1125 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, Pub. L. 108–136, which enacted this section. Pub. L. 108–136 does not contain a section 1106, and the provisions appearing in section 1106 of H.R. 1588, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, as passed by the House of Representatives on May 22, 2003, were contained in section 1125 of Pub. L. 108–136. For effective date of amendments made by section 1125 of Pub. L. 108–136, see section 1125(c) of Pub. L. 108–136, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 5304 of this title.

The date of the enactment of that Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, Pub. L. 108–136, which was approved Nov. 24, 2003.

Section effective on first day of first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2004, see section 1125(c)(1) of Pub. L. 108–136, set out as an Effective Date of 2003 Amendment note under section 5304 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–351, title V, §1001(c), June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 235, substituted "EMPLOYMENT LIMITATIONS" for "LOYALTY, SECURITY, AND STRIKING" in subchapter heading.

An individual may not accept or hold a position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia if he—

(1) advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;

(2) is a member of an organization that he knows advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government;

(3) participates in a strike, or asserts the right to strike, against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia; or

(4) is a member of an organization of employees of the Government of the United States or of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia that he knows asserts the right to strike against the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 524.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118p. | Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, §1, 69 Stat. 624. | |

[Uncodified]. | June 29, 1956, ch. 479, §3, (as applicable to the Act of Aug. 9, 1955, ch. 690, §1, 69 Stat. 624), 70 Stat. 453. |


The word "position" is coextensive with and is substituted for "office or employment".

In paragraphs (1) and (2), the words "in the United States" in former section 118p(1), (2) are omitted as unnecessary in view of the reference to "our constitutional form of government".

In paragraphs (3) and (4), the reference to the "government of the District of Columbia" is added on authority of the Act of June 29, 1956, in order to make these paragraphs meaningful with respect to individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia. The words "From and after July 1, 1956", appearing in the Act of June 29, 1956, are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Ex. Ord. No. 10450, Apr. 27, 1953, 18 F.R. 2489, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 10491, Oct. 15, 1953, 18 F.R. 6583; Ex. Ord. No. 10531, May 27, 1954, 19 F.R. 3069; Ex. Ord. No. 10548, Aug. 3, 1954, 19 F.R. 4871; Ex. Ord. No. 10550, Aug. 6, 1954, 19 F.R. 4981; Ex. Ord. No. 11605, July 2, 1971, 36 F.R. 12831; Ex. Ord. No. 11785, June 4, 1974, 39 F.R. 20053; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which related to security requirements for Government employees, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13467, §3(a), as added by Ex. Ord. No. 13764, §3(v), Jan. 17, 2017, 82 F.R. 8128, which is set out in a note under section 3161 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and which contains additional construction provisions related to the revocation.

Ex. Ord. No. 11605. July 2, 1971, 36 F.R. 12831, which amended Ex. Ord. No. 10450, Apr. 27, 1953, 18 F.R. 2489, which related to security requirements for government employees, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 11785, June 4, 1974, 39 F.R. 20053, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11785, June 4, 1974, 39 F.R. 20053, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and statutes of the United States, including 5 U.S.C. 1101 *et seq., *3301, 3571, 7301, 7313, 7501(c), 7512, 7532, and 7533; and as President of the United States, and finding such action necessary in the best interests of national security, it is hereby ordered as follows:

"

"Knowing membership with the specific intent of furthering the aims of, or adherence to and active participation in, any foreign or domestic organization, association, movement, group, or combination of persons (hereinafter referred to as organizations) which unlawfully advocates or practices the commission of acts of force or violence to prevent others from exercising their rights under the Constitution or laws of the United States or of any State, or which seeks to overthrow the Government of the United States or any State or subdivision thereof by unlawful means."

Richard Nixon.

Removal under section 7532 of this title does not affect the right of an individual so removed to seek or accept employment in an agency of the United States other than the agency from which removed. However, the appointment of an individual so removed may be made only after the head of the agency concerned has consulted with the Office of Personnel Management. The Office, on written request of the head of the agency or the individual so removed, may determine whether the individual is eligible for employment in an agency other than the agency from which removed.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 22–1 (4th and 5th provisos). | Aug. 26, 1950, ch. 803, §1 (4th and 5th provisos), 64 Stat. 477. |


The words "Removal under section 7532 of this title" and "so removed" are coextensive with and substituted for "termination of employment herein provided" and "whose employment has been terminated under the provisions of said sections", respectively.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An individual convicted by any Federal, State, or local court of competent jurisdiction of—

(1) inciting a riot or civil disorder;

(2) organizing, promoting, encouraging, or participating in a riot or civil disorder;

(3) aiding or abetting any person in committing any offense specified in clause (1) or (2); or

(4) any offense determined by the head of the employing agency to have been committed in furtherance of, or while participating in, a riot or civil disorder;

shall, if the offense for which he is convicted is a felony, be ineligible to accept or hold any position in the Government of the United States or in the government of the District of Columbia for the five years immediately following the date upon which his conviction becomes final. Any such individual holding a position in the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia on the date his conviction becomes final shall be removed from such position.

(b) For the purposes of this section, "felony" means any offense for which imprisonment is authorized for a term exceeding one year.

(Added Pub. L. 90–351, title V, §1001(a), June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 235.)

Pub. L. 90–351, title V, §1002, June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 235, provided that: "The provisions of section 1001(a) of this title [enacting this section] shall apply only with respect to acts referred to in section 7313(a)(1)–(4) of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 1001 of this title, which are committed after the date of enactment of this title [June 19, 1968]."

Pub. L. 90–448, title XI, §1106(e), Aug. 1, 1968, 82 Stat. 567, provided that: "No person who has been convicted of committing a felony during and in connection with a riot or civil disorder shall be permitted, for a period of one year after the date of his conviction, to receive any benefit under any law of the United States providing relief for disaster victims."

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1001, reenacted subchapter heading without change.

It is the policy of the Congress that employees should be encouraged to exercise fully, freely, and without fear of penalty or reprisal, and to the extent not expressly prohibited by law, their right to participate or to refrain from participating in the political processes of the Nation.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1001.)

A prior section 7321, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 525, related to political contributions and services of employees in Executive agencies or competitive service, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

Pub. L. 103–94, §12, Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1011, provided that:

"(a) The amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 5520a and 7321 to 7326 of this title and section 610 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 1216, 2302, 3302 and 3303 of this title, sections 602 and 603 of Title 18, section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service, and sections 1973d and 9904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and omitting former sections 7321 to 7328 of this title] shall take effect 120 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 6, 1993], except that the authority to prescribe regulations granted under section 7325 of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 2 of this Act), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(b) Any repeal or amendment made by this Act of any provision of law shall not release or extinguish any penalty, forfeiture, or liability incurred under that provision, and that provision shall be treated as remaining in force for the purpose of sustaining any proper proceeding or action for the enforcement of that penalty, forfeiture, or liability.

"(c) No provision of this Act shall affect any proceedings with respect to which the charges were filed on or before the effective date of the amendments made by this Act. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings and appeals shall be taken therefrom as if this Act had not been enacted."

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 27, 1994, 59 F.R. 54515, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense

Pursuant to authority vested in me as the Chief Executive Officer of the United States, and consistent with the provisions of the Hatch Act Reform Amendment regulations, 5 CFR 734.104, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I delegate to you the authority to limit the political activities of political appointees of the Department of Defense, including Presidential appointees, Presidential appointees with Senate confirmation, noncareer SES appointees, and Schedule C appointees.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 24, 1994, 59 F.R. 54121, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of State

Pursuant to authority vested in me as the Chief Executive Officer of the United States, and consistent with the provisions of the Hatch Act Reform Amendment regulations, 5 CFR 734.104, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I delegate to you the authority to limit the political activities of political appointees of the Department of State, including Presidential appointees, Presidential appointees with Senate confirmation, noncareer SES appointees, and Schedule C appointees.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

Memorandum of President of the United States, Sept. 30, 1994, 59 F.R. 50809, provided:

Memorandum for the Attorney General

Pursuant to authority vested in me as the Chief Executive Officer of the United States, and consistent with the provisions of the Hatch Act Reform Amendment regulations, 5 CFR 734.104, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I delegate to you the authority to limit the political activities of political appointees of the Department of Justice, including Presidential appointees, Presidential appointees with Senate confirmation, noncareer SES appointees, and Schedule C appointees.

You are authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

William J. Clinton.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means any individual, other than the President and the Vice President, employed or holding office in—

(A) an Executive agency other than the Government Accountability Office; or

(B) a position within the competitive service which is not in an Executive agency;

but does not include a member of the uniformed services or an individual employed or holding office in the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "partisan political office" means any office for which any candidate is nominated or elected as representing a party any of whose candidates for Presidential elector received votes in the last preceding election at which Presidential electors were selected, but shall exclude any office or position within a political party or affiliated organization; and

(3) "political contribution"—

(A) means any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value, made for any political purpose;

(B) includes any contract, promise, or agreement, express or implied, whether or not legally enforceable, to make a contribution for any political purpose;

(C) includes any payment by any person, other than a candidate or a political party or affiliated organization, of compensation for the personal services of another person which are rendered to any candidate or political party or affiliated organization without charge for any political purpose; and

(D) includes the provision of personal services for any political purpose.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1001; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 112–230, §3(e), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617.)

A prior section 7322, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 525, prohibited employees in Executive agencies or competitive service from using official authority or influence to coerce political actions of persons or bodies, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

**2012**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 112–230, §3(e)(4), substituted "services or an individual employed or holding office in the government of the District of Columbia;" for "services;" in concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 112–230, §3(e)(1)–(3), inserted "or" at end of subpar. (A), struck out "or" at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: "the government of the District of Columbia, other than the Mayor or a member of the City Council or the Recorder of Deeds;".

**2004**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–230 effective 30 days after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 112–230, set out as a note under section 1501 of this title.

(a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b), an employee may take an active part in political management or in political campaigns, except an employee may not—

(1) use his official authority or influence for the purpose of interfering with or affecting the result of an election;

(2) knowingly solicit, accept, or receive a political contribution from any person, unless such person is—

(A) a member of the same Federal labor organization as defined under section 7103(4) of this title or a Federal employee organization which as of the date of enactment of the Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993 had a multicandidate political committee (as defined under section 315(a)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(4))); 1

(B) not a subordinate employee; and

(C) the solicitation is for a contribution to the multicandidate political committee (as defined under section 315(a)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(4))) 1 of such Federal labor organization as defined under section 7103(4) of this title or a Federal employee organization which as of the date of the enactment of the Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993 had a multicandidate political committee (as defined under section 315(a)(4) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(4))); 1 or

(3) run for the nomination or as a candidate for election to a partisan political office; or

(4) knowingly solicit or discourage the participation in any political activity of any person who—

(A) has an application for any compensation, grant, contract, ruling, license, permit, or certificate pending before the employing office of such employee; or

(B) is the subject of or a participant in an ongoing audit, investigation, or enforcement action being carried out by the employing office of such employee.

(b)(1) An employee of the Federal Election Commission (except one appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate), may not request or receive from, or give to, an employee, a Member of Congress, or an officer of a uniformed service a political contribution.

(2)(A) No employee described under subparagraph (B) (except one appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate), may take an active part in political management or political campaigns.

(B) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall apply to—

(i) an employee of—

(I) the Federal Election Commission or the Election Assistance Commission;

(II) the Federal Bureau of Investigation;

(III) the Secret Service;

(IV) the Central Intelligence Agency;

(V) the National Security Council;

(VI) the National Security Agency;

(VII) the Defense Intelligence Agency;

(VIII) the Merit Systems Protection Board;

(IX) the Office of Special Counsel;

(X) the Office of Criminal Investigation of the Internal Revenue Service;

(XI) the Office of Investigative Programs of the United States Customs Service;

(XII) the Office of Law Enforcement of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms;

(XIII) the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency; or

(XIV) the Office of the Director of National Intelligence; or

(ii) a person employed in a position described under section 3132(a)(4), 5372, 5372a, or 5372b of title 5, United States Code.

(3) No employee of the Criminal Division or National Security Division of the Department of Justice (except one appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate), may take an active part in political management or political campaigns.

(4) For purposes of this subsection, the term "active part in political management or in a political campaign" means those acts of political management or political campaigning which were prohibited for employees of the competitive service before July 19, 1940, by determinations of the Civil Service Commission under the rules prescribed by the President.

(c) An employee retains the right to vote as he chooses and to express his opinion on political subjects and candidates.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1002; amended Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(k), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §645(a)(2)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–170; Pub. L. 107–252, title VIII, §811(a), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1079(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3695; Pub. L. 109–177, title V, §506(b)(2), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 249; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(a)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575.)

The date of enactment of the Hatch Act Reform Amendments of 1993, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), (C), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–94, which was approved Oct. 6, 1993.

The Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), (C), is Pub. L. 92–225, Feb. 7, 1972, 86 Stat. 3, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 14 (§431 et seq.) of Title 2, The Congress, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering in Title 52, Voting and Elections, and is now classified principally to chapter 301 (§30101 et seq.) of Title 52. Section 315 of this Act is now classified to section 30116 of Title 52. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

A prior section 7323, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 525, prohibited employee in Executive agency from requesting, receiving from, or giving to, an employee, a Member of Congress, or an officer of a uniformed service, a thing of value for political purposes and provided for removal from service of employee for violation, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i)(XIII). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency".

**2006**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–177 inserted "or National Security Division" after "Criminal Division".

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i)(XIV). Pub. L. 108–458 added subcl. (XIV).

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i)(I). Pub. L. 107–252 inserted "or the Election Assistance Commission" after "Commission".

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted "5372a, or 5372b" for "or 5372a".

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i)(XIII). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office".

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i)(XIII). Pub. L. 103–359 added subcl. (XIII).

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–252 effective upon appointment of all members of the Election Assistance Commission under section 20923 of Title 52, Voting and Elections, see section 21134(a) of Title 52.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For transfer of functions, personnel, assets, and liabilities of the United States Customs Service of the Department of the Treasury, including functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 203(1), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. For establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection in the Department of Homeland Security, treated as if included in Pub. L. 107–296 as of Nov. 25, 2002, see section 211 of Title 6, as amended generally by Pub. L. 114–125, and section 802(b) of Pub. L. 114–125, set out as a note under section 211 of Title 6.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, including the related functions of the Secretary of the Treasury, to the Department of Justice, see section 531(c) of Title 6, Domestic Security and section 599A(c)(1) of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) An employee may not engage in political activity—

(1) while the employee is on duty;

(2) in any room or building occupied in the discharge of official duties by an individual employed or holding office in the Government of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof;

(3) while wearing a uniform or official insignia identifying the office or position of the employee; or

(4) using any vehicle owned or leased by the Government of the United States or any agency or instrumentality thereof.

(b)(1) An employee described in paragraph (2) of this subsection may engage in political activity otherwise prohibited by subsection (a) if the costs associated with that political activity are not paid for by money derived from the Treasury of the United States.

(2) Paragraph (1) applies to an employee—

(A) the duties and responsibilities of whose position continue outside normal duty hours and while away from the normal duty post; and

(B) who is—

(i) an employee paid from an appropriation for the Executive Office of the President; or

(ii) an employee appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, whose position is located within the United States, who determines policies to be pursued by the United States in relations with foreign powers or in the nationwide administration of Federal laws.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1003.)

A prior section 7324, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 93–268, §4(a), Apr. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 87, prohibited Executive agency employees and employees of the District of Columbia from influencing elections or taking part in political campaigns, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations permitting employees, without regard to the prohibitions in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 7323(a) and paragraph (2) of section 7323(b) of this title, to take an active part in political management and political campaigns involving the municipality or other political subdivision in which they reside, to the extent the Office considers it to be in their domestic interest, when—

(1) the municipality or political subdivision is—

(A) the District of Columbia;

(B) in Maryland or Virginia and in the immediate vicinity of the District of Columbia; or

(C) a municipality in which the majority of voters are employed by the Government of the United States; and

(2) the Office determines that because of special or unusual circumstances which exist in the municipality or political subdivision it is in the domestic interest of the employees and individuals to permit that political participation.

(Added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1004; amended Pub. L. 104–93, title III, §308, Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 966; Pub. L. 112–230, §3(f), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617.)

A prior section 7325, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(44), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384, related to penalties, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

**2012**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 112–230 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "the municipality or political subdivision is in Maryland or Virginia and in the immediate vicinity of the District of Columbia, or is a municipality in which the majority of voters are employed by the Government of the United States; and".

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–93 inserted "and paragraph (2) of section 7323(b)" after "section 7323(a)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–230 effective 30 days after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 112–230, set out as a note under section 1501 of this title.

An employee or individual who violates section 7323 or 7324 shall be subject to—

(1) disciplinary action consisting of removal, reduction in grade, debarment from Federal employment for a period not to exceed 5 years, suspension, or reprimand;

(2) an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000; or

(3) any combination of the penalties described in paragraph (1) or (2).

(Added Pub. L. 112–230, §4, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617; amended Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(k)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626.)

A prior section 7326, added Pub. L. 103–94, §2(a), Oct. 6, 1993, 107 Stat. 1004, related to penalties, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 112–230, §4, Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617.

Another prior section 7326, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 526, authorized nonpartisan political activities, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

A prior section 7327, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 526; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(14), (15), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 97–468, title VI, §615(b)(1)(E), Jan. 14, 1983, 96 Stat. 2578, related to permitted political activity in certain municipalities where employees reside, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

A prior section 7328, added Pub. L. 96–191, §8(e)(1), Feb. 15, 1980, 94 Stat. 33, exempted employees of the General Accounting Office from provisions of this subchapter, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 103–94.

**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "An employee or individual who violates section 7323 or 7324 shall be subject to removal, reduction in grade, debarment from Federal employment for a period not to exceed 5 years, suspension, reprimand, or an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000."

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(k)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1626, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to any violation of section 7323 or 7324 of title 5, United States Code, occurring after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2017]."

Section effective 30 days after Dec. 28, 2012, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 112–230, set out as an Effective Date of 2012 Amendment note under section 1501 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–230, §5(b), Dec. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1617, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) the Special Counsel has presented a complaint for disciplinary action, under section 1215 of title 5, United States Code, with respect to the alleged violation; or

"(B) the employee alleged to have committed the violation has entered into a signed settlement agreement with the Special Counsel with respect to the alleged violation."

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(45)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 208, substituted "FOREIGN GIFTS AND DECORATIONS" for "FOREIGN DECORATIONS" in subchapter heading.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 526, related to receipt and display of foreign decorations. See section 7342 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title and an officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or of the Postal Regulatory Commission;

(B) an expert or consultant who is under contract under section 3109 of this title with the United States or any agency, department, or establishment thereof, including, in the case of an organization performing services under such section, any individual involved in the performance of such services;

(C) an individual employed by, or occupying an office or position in, the government of a territory or possession of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia;

(D) a member of a uniformed service;

(E) the President and the Vice President;

(F) a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title (except the Vice President) and any Delegate to the Congress; and

(G) the spouse of an individual described in subparagraphs (A) through (F) (unless such individual and his or her spouse are separated) or a dependent (within the meaning of section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) of such an individual, other than a spouse or dependent who is an employee under subparagraphs (A) through (F);

(2) "foreign government" means—

(A) any unit of foreign governmental authority, including any foreign national, State, local, and municipal government;

(B) any international or multinational organization whose membership is composed of any unit of foreign government described in subparagraph (A); and

(C) any agent or representative of any such unit or such organization, while acting as such;

(3) "gift" means a tangible or intangible present (other than a decoration) tendered by, or received from, a foreign government;

(4) "decoration" means an order, device, medal, badge, insignia, emblem, or award tendered by, or received from, a foreign government;

(5) "minimal value" means a retail value in the United States at the time of acceptance of $100 or less, except that—

(A) on January 1, 1981, and at 3 year intervals thereafter, "minimal value" shall be redefined in regulations prescribed by the Administrator of General Services, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to reflect changes in the consumer price index for the immediately preceding 3-year period; and

(B) regulations of an employing agency may define "minimal value" for its employees to be less than the value established under this paragraph; and

(6) "employing agency" means—

(A) the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives, for Members and employees of the House of Representatives, except that those responsibilities specified in subsections (c)(2)(A), (e)(1), and (g)(2)(B) shall be carried out by the Clerk of the House;

(B) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate, for Senators and employees of the Senate, except that those responsibilities (other than responsibilities involving approval of the employing agency) specified in subsections (c)(2), (d), and (g)(2)(B) shall be carried out by the Secretary of the Senate;

(C) the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, for judges and judicial branch employees; and

(D) the department, agency, office, or other entity in which an employee is employed, for other legislative branch employees and for all executive branch employees.

(b) An employee may not—

(1) request or otherwise encourage the tender of a gift or decoration; or

(2) accept a gift or decoration, other than in accordance with the provisions of subsections (c) and (d).

(c)(1) The Congress consents to—

(A) the accepting and retaining by an employee of a gift of minimal value tendered and received as a souvenir or mark of courtesy; and

(B) the accepting by an employee of a gift of more than minimal value when such gift is in the nature of an educational scholarship or medical treatment or when it appears that to refuse the gift would likely cause offense or embarrassment or otherwise adversely affect the foreign relations of the United States, except that—

(i) a tangible gift of more than minimal value is deemed to have been accepted on behalf of the United States and, upon acceptance, shall become the property of the United States; and

(ii) an employee may accept gifts of travel or expenses for travel taking place entirely outside the United States (such as transportation, food, and lodging) of more than minimal value if such acceptance is appropriate, consistent with the interests of the United States, and permitted by the employing agency and any regulations which may be prescribed by the employing agency.

(2) Within 60 days after accepting a tangible gift of more than minimal value (other than a gift described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii)), an employee shall—

(A) deposit the gift for disposal with his or her employing agency; or

(B) subject to the approval of the employing agency, deposit the gift with that agency for official use.

Within 30 days after terminating the official use of a gift under subparagraph (B), the employing agency shall forward the gift to the Administrator of General Services in accordance with subsection (e)(1) or provide for its disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2).

(3) When an employee deposits a gift of more than minimal value for disposal or for official use pursuant to paragraph (2), or within 30 days after accepting travel or travel expenses as provided in paragraph (1)(B)(ii) unless such travel or travel expenses are accepted in accordance with specific instructions of his or her employing agency, the employee shall file a statement with his or her employing agency or its delegate containing the information prescribed in subsection (f) for that gift.

(d) The Congress consents to the accepting, retaining, and wearing by an employee of a decoration tendered in recognition of active field service in time of combat operations or awarded for other outstanding or unusually meritorious performance, subject to the approval of the employing agency of such employee. Without this approval, the decoration is deemed to have been accepted on behalf of the United States, shall become the property of the United States, and shall be deposited by the employee, within sixty days of acceptance, with the employing agency for official use, for forwarding to the Administrator of General Services for disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(1), or for disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2).

(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), gifts and decorations that have been deposited with an employing agency for disposal shall be (A) returned to the donor, or (B) forwarded to the Administrator of General Services for transfer, donation, or other disposal in accordance with the provisions of subtitle I of title 40 and division C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41. However, no gift or decoration that has been deposited for disposal may be sold without the approval of the Secretary of State, upon a determination that the sale will not adversely affect the foreign relations of the United States. Gifts and decorations may be sold by negotiated sale.

(2) Gifts and decorations received by a Senator or an employee of the Senate that are deposited with the Secretary of the Senate for disposal, or are deposited for an official use which has terminated, shall be disposed of by the Commission on Arts and Antiquities of the United States Senate. Any such gift or decoration may be returned by the Commission to the donor or may be transferred or donated by the Commission, subject to such terms and conditions as it may prescribe, (A) to an agency or instrumentality of (i) the United States, (ii) a State, territory, or possession of the United States, or a political subdivision of the foregoing, or (iii) the District of Columbia, or (B) to an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code. Any such gift or decoration not disposed of as provided in the preceding sentence shall be forwarded to the Administrator of General Services for disposal in accordance with paragraph (1). If the Administrator does not dispose of such gift or decoration within one year, he shall, at the request of the Commission, return it to the Commission and the Commission may dispose of such gift or decoration in such manner as it considers proper, except that such gift or decoration may be sold only with the approval of the Secretary of State upon a determination that the sale will not adversely affect the foreign relations of the United States.

(f)(1) Not later than January 31 of each year, each employing agency or its delegate shall compile a listing of all statements filed during the preceding year by the employees of that agency pursuant to subsection (c)(3) and shall transmit such listing to the Secretary of State who shall publish a comprehensive listing of all such statements in the Federal Register.

(2) Such listings shall include for each tangible gift reported—

(A) the name and position of the employee;

(B) a brief description of the gift and the circumstances justifying acceptance;

(C) the identity, if known, of the foreign government and the name and position of the individual who presented the gift;

(D) the date of acceptance of the gift;

(E) the estimated value in the United States of the gift at the time of acceptance; and

(F) disposition or current location of the gift.

(3) Such listings shall include for each gift of travel or travel expenses—

(A) the name and position of the employee;

(B) a brief description of the gift and the circumstances justifying acceptance; and

(C) the identity, if known, of the foreign government and the name and position of the individual who presented the gift.

(4)(A) In transmitting such listings for an element of the intelligence community, the head of such element may delete the information described in subparagraph (A) or (C) of paragraph (2) or in subparagraph (A) or (C) of paragraph (3) if the head of such element certifies in writing to the Secretary of State that the publication of such information could adversely affect United States intelligence sources or methods.

(B) Any information not provided to the Secretary of State pursuant to the authority in subparagraph (A) shall be transmitted to the Director of National Intelligence who shall keep a record of such information.

(C) In this paragraph, the term "intelligence community" has the meaning given that term in section 3(4) of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 401a(4)).1

(g)(1) Each employing agency shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the purpose of this section. For all employing agencies in the executive branch, such regulations shall be prescribed pursuant to guidance provided by the Secretary of State. These regulations shall be implemented by each employing agency for its employees.

(2) Each employing agency shall—

(A) report to the Attorney General cases in which there is reason to believe that an employee has violated this section;

(B) establish a procedure for obtaining an appraisal, when necessary, of the value of gifts; and

(C) take any other actions necessary to carry out the purpose of this section.

(h) The Attorney General may bring a civil action in any district court of the United States against any employee who knowingly solicits or accepts a gift from a foreign government not consented to by this section or who fails to deposit or report such gift as required by this section. The court in which such action is brought may assess a penalty against such employee in any amount not to exceed the retail value of the gift improperly solicited or received plus $5,000.

(i) The President shall direct all Chiefs of a United States Diplomatic Mission to inform their host governments that it is a general policy of the United States Government to prohibit United States Government employees from receiving gifts or decorations of more than minimal value.

(j) Nothing in this section shall be construed to derogate any regulation prescribed by any employing agency which provides for more stringent limitations on the receipt of gifts and decorations by its employees.

(k) The provisions of this section do not apply to grants and other forms of assistance to which section 108A of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 applies.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(45)(C), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 208; amended Pub. L. 95–105, title V, §515(a)(1), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 862; Pub. L. 95–426, title VII, §712(a)–(c), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 994; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(a)(1), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1079(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3696; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 111–259, title III, §361, Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2701; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(10), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

7342(a) | 22:2621. | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–673, §2, 80 Stat. 952. |

7342(b) | 22:2622. | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–673, §3, 80 Stat. 952. |

7342(c) | 22:2623. | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–673, §4, 80 Stat. 952. |

7342(d) | 22:2624. | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–673, §5, 80 Stat. 952. |

7342(e) | 22:2626. | Oct. 15, 1966, Pub. L. 89–673, §7, 80 Stat. 952. |


The definitions of "employee" and "uniformed services" in 5 U.S.C. 2105 and 2101 are broad enough to cover the persons included in 22 U.S.C. 2621(1) with the exception of (1) individuals employed by, or occupying an office or position in, the government of a territory or possession of the United States or of the District of Columbia, (2) the President, and (3) Members of Congress, who, accordingly, are covered in paragraphs (B), (D), and (E). As the Canal Zone Government is an independent agency of the United States, see section 31 of title 2, Canal Zone Code, an employee thereof is an "employee" as defined in 5 U.S.C. 2105.

In subsection (b), the words "An employee may not" are substituted for "No person shall" to conform to the definition applicable and style of title 5, United States Code.

In subsection (c), the words "under regulations prescribed under this section" are substituted for "in accordance with the rules and regulations issued pursuant to this Act".

In subsection (e), the words "The President may prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this section" are substituted for "Rules and regulations to carry out the purposes of this Act may be prescribed by or under the authority of the President". Under 3 U.S.C. 301, the President may delegate the authority vested in him by this subsection.

Section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(G), is classified to section 152 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is classified to section 501 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

The National Security Act of 1947, referred to in subsec. (f)(4)(C), is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 15 (§401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in chapter 44 (§3001 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 3 of the Act is now classified to section 3003 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Section 108A of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, referred to in subsec. (k), is classified to section 2458a of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2011**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "division C (except sections 3302, 3501(b), 3509, 3906, 4710, and 4711) of subtitle I of title 41" for "title III of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 251 et seq.)".

**2010**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 111–259 amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows:

"(A) In transmitting such listings for the Central Intelligence Agency, the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency may delete the information described in subparagraphs (A) and (C) of paragraphs (2) and (3) if the Director certifies in writing to the Secretary of State that the publication of such information could adversely affect United States intelligence sources.

"(B) In transmitting such listings for the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Director of National Intelligence may delete the information described in subparagraphs (A) and (C) of paragraphs (2) and (3) if the Director certifies in writing to the Secretary of State that the publication of such information could adversely affect United States intelligence sources."

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**2004**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 108–458 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency" for "the Director of Central Intelligence", and added subpar. (B).

**2002**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "provisions of subtitle I of title 40 and title III of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 251 et seq.)" for "provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949".

**1986**—Subsecs. (a)(1)(G), (e)(2). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(6)(A). Pub. L. 95–426, §712(a)(1), substituted "(e)(1)" for "(e)".

Subsec. (a)(6)(B). Pub. L. 95–426, §712(a)(2), inserted ", except that those responsibilities (other than responsibilities involving approval of the employing agency) specified in subsection (c)(2), (d), and (g)(2)(B) shall be carried out by the Secretary of the Senate".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 95–426, §712(b)(1), substituted "subsection (e)(1) or provide for its disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2)" for "subsection (e)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–426, §712(b)(2), substituted "official use, for forwarding", for "official use, or forwarding", and "subsection (e)(1), or for disposal in accordance with subsection (e)(2)" for "subsection (e)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–426, §712(c), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (2), gifts" for "Gifts", "(A)" and "(B)" for "(1)" and "(2)", respectively, and added par. (2).

**1977**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–105 in par. (1) inserted provisions expanding definition of "employee" to include an officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or Postal Rate Commission, certain experts and consultants, the Vice President, and any Delegate to Congress, in par. (2) incorporated existing provisions into subpars. (A) and (C) and added subpar. (B), in par. (3) substituted reference to tangible or intangible present for reference to present, in par. (4) inserted reference to award, and added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–105 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–105 incorporated existing provisions of pars. (1) and (2) into par. (1), inserted provisions giving congressional consent to acceptance of a gift in the nature of an educational scholarship, medical treatment, or travel or travel expenses, and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–105 struck out provisions requiring the Secretary of State to concur with the approval of the employing agency and substituted provisions requiring the employee to deposit property within 60 days of acceptance with the employing agency for official use or forwarding to the Administrator of General Services for disposal for provisions requiring the employee to deposit the decoration for use and disposal as the property of the United States under regulations prescribed under this section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–105 substituted provisions relating to the disposal of decorations for provisions authorizing the President to prescribe regulations to carry out the purposes of this section.

Subsecs. (f) to (k). Pub. L. 95–105 added subsecs. (f) to (k).

Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Ethics of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.

For Determination by President that amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 take effect on Apr. 21, 2005, see Memorandum of President of the United States, Apr. 21, 2005, 70 F.R. 23925, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–458 effective not later than six months after Dec. 17, 2004, except as otherwise expressly provided, see section 1097(a) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as an Effective Date of 2004 Amendment; Transition Provisions note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Pub. L. 95–105, title V, §515(a)(2), Aug. 17, 1977, 91 Stat. 866, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on January 1, 1978."

Certain functions of Clerk of House of Representatives transferred to Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services by section 7 of House Resolution No. 423, One Hundred Second Congress, Apr. 9, 1992. Director of Non-legislative and Financial Services replaced by Chief Administrative Officer of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Fourth Congress, Jan. 4, 1995.

Pub. L. 95–426, title VII, §712(d), Oct. 7, 1978, 92 Stat. 995, provided that: "In the event that the space and facilities available to the Secretary of the Senate for carrying out his responsibilities in storing and safeguarding property in his custody under section 7342 of title 5, United States Code, are insufficient for such purpose, he may, with the approval of the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, lease such space and facilities as may be necessary for such purpose. Rental payments under any such lease and expenses incurred in connection therewith shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the Secretary of the Senate."

Act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, §33A, 70 Stat. 1126, as added by Pub. L. 85–861, Sept. 2, 1958, §33(e), 72 Stat. 1567, provided: "A member or former member of an armed force of the United States holding any office of profit or trust under the United States may wear any decoration, order, medal, or emblem accepted (1) under the Act of July 20, 1942, chapter 508 (56 Stat. 662), or (2) before August 1, 1947, from the government of a cobelligerent or neutral nation or an American Republic."

Ex. Ord. No. 11320, Dec. 12, 1966, 31 F.R. 15789, which delegated to the Secretary of State the authority of the President under 22 U.S.C. 2626 to prescribe rules and regulations to carry out the Foreign Gifts and Decorations Act of 1966, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

Ex. Ord. No. 11446, Jan. 16, 1969, 34 F.R. 803, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 13286, §62, Feb. 28, 2003, 68 F.R. 10629, provided:

By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, I hereby authorize the Secretary of Defense, with respect to members of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, with respect to members of the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, to prescribe regulations for the acceptance of medals and ribbons which are offered by multilateral organizations, other than the United Nations, to members of the Armed Forces of the United States in recognition of service conducted under the auspices of those organizations. A determination that service for a multilateral organization in a particular geographical area or for a particular purpose constitutes a justifiable basis for authorizing acceptance of the medal or ribbon offered to eligible members of the Armed Forces of the United States shall be made with the concurrence of the Secretary of State.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) An employee may not—

(1) solicit a contribution from another employee for a gift to an official superior;

(2) make a donation as a gift or give a gift to an official superior; or

(3) accept a gift from an employee receiving less pay than himself.

(b) An employee who violates this section shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary action by the employing agency or entity.

(c) Each supervising ethics office (as defined in section 7353(d)(1)) is authorized to issue regulations implementing this section, including regulations exempting voluntary gifts or contributions that are given or received for special occasions such as marriage or retirement or under other circumstances in which gifts are traditionally given or exchanged.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 101–194, title III, §301, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1745; Pub. L. 101–280, §4(a), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 157.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 113. | R.S. §1784. |


The application of the section is confined to employees, since the President and Members of Congress, though officers, could not have been intended to be "summarily discharged", and members of uniformed services are not covered by this statute. In the last sentence, the word "removed" is substituted for "summarily discharged" because of the provisions of the Lloyd-LaFollette Act, 37 Stat. 555, as amended, and the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which are carried into this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(a)(1), inserted "or give a gift" after "donation as a gift".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(a)(2), substituted "Each supervising ethics office (as defined in section 7353(d)(1))" for "The Office of Government Ethics" and "circumstances in which gifts are traditionally given or exchanged" for "similar circumstances".

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–194 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), struck out "An employee who violates this section shall be removed from the service." at end, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Pub. L. 100–284, Apr. 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 81, provided that section 7351 of this title would not apply to leave transfers under certain programs covering Federal employees during fiscal year ending on Sept. 30, 1988, except as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation prescribe.

An individual who habitually uses intoxicating beverages to excess may not be employed in the competitive service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 527.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 640. | Jan. 16, 1883, ch. 27, §8, 22 Stat. 406. |


The word "employed" is substituted for "appointed to, or retained in" because it includes both.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Except as permitted by subsection (b), no Member of Congress or officer or employee of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch shall solicit or accept anything of value from a person—

(1) seeking official action from, doing business with, or (in the case of executive branch officers and employees) conducting activities regulated by, the individual's employing entity; or

(2) whose interests may be substantially affected by the performance or nonperformance of the individual's official duties.

(b)(1) Each supervising ethics office is authorized to issue rules or regulations implementing the provisions of this section and providing for such reasonable exceptions as may be appropriate.

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), a Member, officer, or employee may accept a gift pursuant to rules or regulations established by such individual's supervising ethics office pursuant to paragraph (1).

(B) No gift may be accepted pursuant to subparagraph (A) in return for being influenced in the performance of any official act.

(3) Nothing in this section precludes a Member, officer, or employee from accepting gifts on behalf of the United States Government or any of its agencies in accordance with statutory authority.

(4) Nothing in this section precludes an employee of a private sector organization, while assigned to an agency under chapter 37, from continuing to receive pay and benefits from such organization in accordance with such chapter.

(c) A Member of Congress or an officer or employee who violates this section shall be subject to appropriate disciplinary and other remedial action in accordance with any applicable laws, Executive orders, and rules or regulations.

(d) For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "supervising ethics office" means—

(A) the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives or the House of Representatives as a whole, for Members, officers, and employees of the House of Representatives;

(B) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate, or the Senate as a whole, for Senators, officers, and employees of the Senate;

(C) the Judicial Conference of the United States for judges and judicial branch officers and employees;

(D) the Office of Government Ethics for all executive branch officers and employees; and

(E) in the case of legislative branch officers and employees other than those specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the committee referred to in either such subparagraph to which reports filed by such officers and employees under subchapter I of chapter 131 of this title are transmitted under such subchapter, except that the authority of this section may be delegated by such committee with respect to such officers and employees; and

(2) the term "officer or employee" means an individual holding an appointive or elective position in the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of Government, other than a Member of Congress.

(Added Pub. L. 101–194, title III, §303(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1746; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 158; Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(g)(1)(C), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(9), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354.)

**2022**—Subsec. (d)(1)(E). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "subchapter I of chapter 131 of this title are transmitted under such subchapter," for "title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 are transmitted under such title,".

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 107–347 added par. (4).

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(1)(A), substituted "branch" for "branches" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(1)(B), substituted "by, the" for "by the" and "entity" for "agency".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(2), substituted "A Member of Congress or an officer or employee" for "An employee".

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(3)(A)(i), substituted "officers," for "officers".

Subsec. (d)(1)(E). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(3)(A)(ii), amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: "the ethics committee with which the officer or employee is required to file financial disclosure forms, for all legislative branch officers and employees other than those specified in subparagraphs (A) and (B), except that such authority may be delegated; and".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 101–280, §4(d)(3)(B), substituted "Government," for "Government".

Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Ethics of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–347 effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107–347, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Pub. L. 110–402, §2, Oct. 13, 2008, 122 Stat. 4255, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(10), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall be responsible for developing, in cooperation with the President, with the Secretary of Health and Human Services (acting through the National Institute on Drug Abuse), and with other agencies, and in accordance with applicable provisions of this subchapter, appropriate prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation programs and services for drug abuse among employees. Such agencies are encouraged to extend, to the extent feasible, such programs and services to the families of employees and to employees who have family members who are drug abusers. Such programs and services shall make optimal use of existing governmental facilities, services, and skills.

(b) Section 527 1 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290ee–3), relating to confidentiality of records, and any regulations prescribed thereunder, shall apply with respect to records maintained for the purpose of carrying out this section.

(c) Each agency shall, with respect to any programs or services provided by such agency, submit such written reports as the Office may require in connection with any report required under section 7363 of this title.

(d) For the purpose of this section, the term "agency" means an Executive agency.

(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6002(a)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–157.)

Section 527 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (b) and formerly classified to section 290ee–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was renumbered section 548 of that Act by Pub. L. 100–77, title VI, §611(2), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 516 and then omitted in the general revision of Part D of Subchapter III–A of Chapter 6A of Title 42 by Pub. L. 102–321, title I, §131, July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 366. Provisions relating to the confidentiality of patient records are now classified to section 290dd–2 of Title 42.

Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6003, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–159, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) the short-term and long-term health hazards associated with alcohol abuse and drug abuse;

"(2) the symptoms of alcohol abuse and drug abuse;

"(3) the availability of any prevention, treatment, or rehabilitation programs or services relating to alcohol abuse or drug abuse, whether provided by the Federal Government or otherwise;

"(4) confidentiality protections afforded in connection with any prevention, treatment, or rehabilitation programs or services;

"(5) any penalties provided under law or regulation, and any administrative action (permissive or mandatory), relating to the use of alcohol or drugs by a Federal Government employee or the failure to seek or receive appropriate treatment or rehabilitation services; and

"(6) any other matter which the Director considers appropriate."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall be responsible for developing, in cooperation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services and with other agencies, and in accordance with applicable provisions of this subpart, appropriate prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation programs and services for alcohol abuse and alcoholism among employees. Such agencies are encouraged to extend, to the extent feasible, such programs and services to the families of alcoholic employees and to employees who have family members who are alcoholics. Such programs and services shall make optimal use of existing governmental facilities, services, and skills.

(b) Section 523 1 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 290dd–3), relating to confidentiality of records, and any regulations prescribed thereunder, shall apply with respect to records maintained for the purpose of carrying out this section.

(c) Each agency shall, with respect to any programs or services provided by such agency, submit such written reports as the Office may require in connection with any report required under section 7363 of this title.

(d) For the purpose of this section, the term "agency" means an Executive agency.

(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6002(a)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–157.)

Section 523 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (b) and formerly classified to section 290dd–3 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, was renumbered section 544 of that Act by Pub. L. 100–77, title VI, §611(2), July 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 516 and then omitted in the general revision of Part D of Subchapter III–A of Chapter 6A of Title 42 by Pub. L. 102–321, title I, §131, July 10, 1992, 106 Stat. 366. Provisions relating to the confidentiality of patient records are now classified to section 290dd–2 of Title 42.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall, within 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Federal Employee Substance Abuse Education and Treatment Act of 1986 and annually thereafter, submit to each House of Congress a report containing the matters described in subsection (b).

(b) Each report under this section shall include—

(1) a description of any programs or services provided under section 7361 or 7362 of this title, including the costs associated with each such program or service and the source and adequacy of any funding 1 such program or service;

(2) a description of the levels of participation in each program and service provided under section 7361 or 7362 of this title, and the effectiveness of such programs and services;

(3) a description of the training and qualifications required of the personnel providing any program or service under section 7361 or 7362 of this title;

(4) a description of the training given to supervisory personnel in connection with recognizing the symptoms of drug or alcohol abuse and the procedures (including those relating to confidentiality) under which individuals are referred for treatment, rehabilitation, or other assistance;

(5) any recommendations for legislation considered appropriate by the Office and any proposed administrative actions; and

(6) information describing any other related activities under section 7904 of this title, and any other matter which the Office considers appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6002(a)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–158.)

The date of the enactment of the Federal Employee Substance Abuse Education and Treatment Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of title VI of Pub. L. 99–570 which was approved Oct. 27, 1986.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 187 of House Document No. 103–7.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by "of".

(a) In this section, the term—

(1) "conviction notice date" means the date on which an agency that employs a law enforcement officer has notice that the officer has been convicted of a felony that is entered by a Federal or State court, regardless of whether that conviction is appealed or is subject to appeal; and

(2) "law enforcement officer" has the meaning given that term under section 8331(20) or 8401(17).

(b) Any law enforcement officer who is convicted of a felony shall be removed from employment as a law enforcement officer on the last day of the first applicable pay period following the conviction notice date.

(c)(1) This section does not prohibit the removal of an individual from employment as a law enforcement officer before a conviction notice date if the removal is properly effected other than under this section.

(2) This section does not prohibit the employment of any individual in any position other than that of a law enforcement officer.

(d) If the conviction is overturned on appeal, the removal shall be set aside retroactively to the date on which the removal occurred, with back pay under section 5596 for the period during which the removal was in effect, unless the removal was properly effected other than under this section.

(e)(1) If removal is required under this section, the agency shall deliver written notice to the employee as soon as practicable, and not later than 5 calendar days after the conviction notice date. The notice shall include a description of the specific reasons for the removal, the date of removal, and the procedures made applicable under paragraph (2).

(2) The procedures under section 7513(b)(2), (3), and (4), (c), (d), and (e) shall apply to any removal under this section. The employee may use the procedures to contest or appeal a removal, but only with respect to whether—

(A) the employee is a law enforcement officer;

(B) the employee was convicted of a felony; or

(C) the conviction was overturned on appeal.

(3) A removal required under this section shall occur on the date specified in subsection (b) regardless of whether the notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection and the procedures made applicable under paragraph (2) of this subsection have been provided or completed by that date.

(Added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §639(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–168.)

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(3) [title VI, §639(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–168, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this subchapter] shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2000] and shall apply to any conviction of a felony entered by a Federal or State court on or after that date."







**2017**—Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(e)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1622, added item 7515 and struck out former item 7515 "Discipline of supervisors based on retaliation against whistleblowers". Item was added to and stricken from analysis for this chapter, notwithstanding directory language adding item to, and striking item from, analysis for subchapter II of this chapter.

Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §104(b), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1238, added item 7515. Item was added to analysis for this chapter, notwithstanding directory language adding item to analysis for subchapter II of this chapter.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(b), title IV, §411(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1137, 1173, substituted "SUSPENSION OF 14 DAYS OR LESS" for "COMPETITIVE SERVICE" in subchapter I heading, substituted "Definitions" for "Cause; procedure; exception" in item 7501, added items 7502 to 7504, substituted "REMOVAL, SUSPENSION FOR MORE THAN 14 DAYS, REDUCTION IN GRADE OR PAY, OR FURLOUGH FOR 30 DAYS OR LESS" for "PREFERENCE ELIGIBLES" in subchapter II heading, inserted "; application" in item 7511, substituted "Actions covered" for "Cause; procedure; exception" in item 7512, added items 7513 and 7514, substituted "ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES" for "HEARING EXAMINERS" in subchapter III heading, substituted "Actions against administrative law judges" for "Removal" in item 7521, and added subchapter V heading and items 7541 to 7543.

Ex. Ord. No. 13839, May 25, 2018, 83 F.R. 25343, which related to removal of employees from Federal service for misconduct or unacceptable performance, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 14003, §3(c), Jan. 22, 2021, 86 F.R. 7231, set out in a note under section 3301 of this title.

[Ex. Ord. No. 13839, formerly set out above, construed to be amended to the extent necessary, by Memorandum of President of the United States, Oct. 11, 2019, 84 F.R. 56095, set out as a note under section 7101 of this title.]

1 So in original. Does not conform to subchapter heading.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1134, substituted "SUSPENSION FOR 14 DAYS OR LESS" for "COMPETITIVE SERVICE" in subchapter heading.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means an individual in the competitive service who is not serving a probationary or trial period under an initial appointment or who has completed 1 year of current continuous employment in the same or similar positions under other than a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less; and

(2) "suspension" means the placing of an employee, for disciplinary reasons, in a temporary status without duties and pay.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1134; amended Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1105(c)(3), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2)(C), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1950.)

A prior section 7501, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 527, related to removal or suspension without pay of an individual in the competitive service and procedures applicable to such removal or suspension, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–454, §204(a).

**2021**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out ", except as provided in section 1599e of title 10," after "initial appointment or,".

**2015**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted "or, except as provided in section 1599e of title 10, who" for "or who".

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applied as if effective Dec. 31, 2022, to correspond to the effective date of the repeal of section 1599e of Title 10, Armed Forces, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective Date of Repeal note under section 1599e of Title 10.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–376, §1, Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 461, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 4303, 7511, and 7701 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 4303 of this title] may be cited as the 'Civil Service Due Process Amendments'."

This subchapter applies to a suspension for 14 days or less, but does not apply to a suspension under section 7521 or 7532 of this title or any action initiated under section 1215 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1135; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §9(a)(2), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35.)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "1215" for "1206".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an employee may be suspended for 14 days or less for such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service (including discourteous conduct to the public confirmed by an immediate supervisor's report of four such instances within any one-year period or any other pattern of discourteous conduct).

(b) An employee against whom a suspension for 14 days or less is proposed is entitled to—

(1) an advance written notice stating the specific reasons for the proposed action;

(2) a reasonable time to answer orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in support of the answer;

(3) be represented by an attorney or other representative; and

(4) a written decision and the specific reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date.

(c) Copies of the notice of proposed action, the answer of the employee if written, a summary thereof if made orally, the notice of decision and reasons therefor, and any order effecting 1 the suspension, together with any supporting material, shall be maintained by the agency and shall be furnished to the Merit Systems Protection Board upon its request and to the employee affected upon the employee's request.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1135.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(b)(2), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1617, provided that:

"(A)

"(i) the right of the employee to appeal an action brought under the applicable section;

"(ii) the forums in which the employee may file an appeal described in clause (i); and

"(iii) any limitations on the rights of the employee that would apply because of the forum in which the employee decides to file an appeal.

"(B)

1 So in original. Probably should be "affecting".

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1135.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1135, substituted "REMOVAL, SUSPENSION FOR MORE THAN 14 DAYS, REDUCTION IN GRADE OR PAY, OR FURLOUGH FOR 30 DAYS OR LESS" for "PREFERENCE ELIGIBLES" in subchapter heading.

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an individual in the competitive service—

(i) who is not serving a probationary or trial period under an initial appointment; or

(ii) who has completed 1 year of current continuous service under other than a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less;

(B) a preference eligible in the excepted service who has completed 1 year of current continuous service in the same or similar positions—

(i) in an Executive agency; or

(ii) in the United States Postal Service or Postal Regulatory Commission; and

(C) an individual in the excepted service (other than a preference eligible)—

(i) who is not serving a probationary or trial period under an initial appointment pending conversion to the competitive service; or

(ii) who has completed 2 years of current continuous service in the same or similar positions in an Executive agency under other than a temporary appointment limited to 2 years or less;

(2) "suspension" has the same meaning as set forth in section 7501(2) of this title;

(3) "grade" means a level of classification under a position classification system;

(4) "pay" means the rate of basic pay fixed by law or administrative action for the position held by an employee; and

(5) "furlough" means the placing of an employee in a temporary status without duties and pay because of lack of work or funds or other nondisciplinary reasons.

(b) This subchapter does not apply to an employee—

(1) whose appointment is made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate;

(2) whose position has been determined to be of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making or policy-advocating character by—

(A) the President for a position that the President has excepted from the competitive service;

(B) the Office of Personnel Management for a position that the Office has excepted from the competitive service; or

(C) the President or the head of an agency for a position excepted from the competitive service by statute;

(3) whose appointment is made by the President;

(4) who is receiving an annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, or the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund, based on the service of such employee;

[(5) Repealed. Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, §512(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2112.]

(6) who is a member of the Foreign Service, as described in section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980;

(7) whose position is within the Central Intelligence Agency or the Government Accountability Office;

(8) whose position is within the United States Postal Service, the Postal Regulatory Commission, the Panama Canal Commission, the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, an intelligence component of the Department of Defense (as defined in section 1614 of title 10), or an intelligence activity of a military department covered under subchapter I of chapter 83 of title 10, unless subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section or section 1005(a) of title 39 is the basis for this subchapter's applicability;

(9) who is described in section 5102(c)(11) of this title; or

(10) who holds a position within the Veterans Health Administration which has been excluded from the competitive service by or under a provision of title 38, unless such employee was appointed to such position under section 7401(3) of such title.

(c) The Office may provide for the application of this subchapter to any position or group of positions excepted from the competitive service by regulation of the Office which is not otherwise covered by this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1135; amended Pub. L. 101–376, §2(a), Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 461; Pub. L. 102–378, §6(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(l), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1634(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2752; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), (f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241, 3242; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1105(c)(4), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title V, §512(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2112; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2)(D), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1950.)

Section 103 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(6), is classified to section 3903 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

A prior section 7511, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(30), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058, defined "preference eligible employee" and "adverse action" for purposes of this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–454, §204(a).

**2021**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out "except as provided in section 1599e of title 10," before "who has completed 1 year".

**2016**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–328 struck out par. (5) which read as follows: "who is described in section 8337(h)(1), relating to technicians in the National Guard;".

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 114–92 inserted "except as provided in section 1599e of title 10," before "who".

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–435, §604(b), substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 109–435, §604(f), substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 104–201 substituted "an intelligence component of the Department of Defense (as defined in section 1614 of title 10), or an intelligence activity of a military department covered under subchapter I of chapter 83 of title 10" for "the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Central Imagery Office, or an intelligence activity of a military department covered under section 1590 of title 10".

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,".

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 102–378, §6(a)(1), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: "whose position is with the Central Intelligence Agency, the General Accounting Office, or the Veterans Health Services and Research Administration;".

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 102–378, §6(a)(2)–(4), added par. (10).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–376 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows:

"(a) For the purpose of this subchapter—

"(1) 'employee' means—

"(A) an individual in the competitive service who is not serving a probationary or trial period under an initial appointment or who has completed 1 year of current continuous employment under other than a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less; and

"(B) a preference eligible in an Executive agency in the excepted service, and a preference eligible in the United States Postal Service or the Postal Rate Commission, who has completed 1 year of current continuous service in the same or similar positions;

"(2) 'suspension' has the meaning as set forth in section 7501(2) of this title;

"(3) 'grade' means a level of classification under a position classification system;

"(4) 'pay' means the rate of basic pay fixed by law or administrative action for the position held by an employee; and

"(5) 'furlough' means the placing of an employee in a temporary status without duties and pay because of lack of work or funds or other nondisciplinary reasons.

"(b) This subchapter does not apply to an employee—

"(1) whose appointment is made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate;

"(2) whose position has been determined to be of a confidential, policy-determining, policy-making or policy-advocating character by—

"(A) the Office of Personnel Management for a position that it has excepted from the competitive service; or

"(B) the President or the head of an agency for a position which is excepted from the competitive service by statute.

"(c) The Office may provide for the application of this subchapter to any position or group of positions excepted from the competitive service by regulation of the Office."

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applied as if effective Dec. 31, 2022, to correspond to the effective date of the repeal of section 1599e of Title 10, Armed Forces, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective Date of Repeal note under section 1599e of Title 10.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1635 of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 1593 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 102–378, §6(b), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to any personnel action taking effect on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1992].

"(2) In the case of an employee or former employee of the Veterans Health Administration (or predecessor agency in name)—

"(A) against whom an adverse personnel action was taken before the date of enactment of this Act,

"(B) who, as a result of the enactment of the Civil Service Due Process Amendments (5 U.S.C. 7501 note) [Pub. L. 101–376], became ineligible to appeal such action to the Merit Systems Protection Board,

"(C) as to whom that appeal right is restored as a result of the enactment of subsection (a), or would have been restored but for the passage of time, and

"(D) who is not precluded, by section 7121(e)(1) of title 5, United States Code, from appealing to the Merit Systems Protection Board,

the deadline for bringing an appeal under section 7513(d) or section 4303(e) of such title with respect to such action shall be the latter of—

"(i) the 60th day after the date of enactment of this Act; or

"(ii) the deadline which would otherwise apply if this paragraph had not been enacted."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–376 applicable with respect to any personnel action taking effect on or after Aug. 17, 1990, see section 2(c) of Pub. L. 101–376, set out as a note under section 4303 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

This subchapter applies to—

(1) a removal;

(2) a suspension for more than 14 days;

(3) a reduction in grade;

(4) a reduction in pay; and

(5) a furlough of 30 days or less;

but does not apply to—

(A) a suspension or removal under section 7532 of this title,

(B) a reduction-in-force action under section 3502 of this title,

(C) the reduction in grade of a supervisor or manager who has not completed the probationary period under section 3321(a)(2) of this title if such reduction is to the grade held immediately before becoming such a supervisor or manager,

(D) a reduction in grade or removal under section 4303 of this title,

(E) an action initiated under section 1215 or 7521 of this title, or

(F) a suitability action taken by the Office under regulations prescribed by the Office, subject to the rules prescribed by the President under this title for the administration of the competitive service.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1136; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §9(a)(2), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1086(f)(9), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1010.)

A prior section 7512, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 528, related to adverse action against a preference eligible employee and procedures applicable to such adverse action, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–454, §204(a).

**2015**—Par. (F). Pub. L. 114–92 added par. (F).

**1989**—Par. (E). Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "1215" for "1206".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an agency may take an action covered by this subchapter against an employee only for such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service.

(b) An employee against whom an action is proposed is entitled to—

(1) at least 30 days' advance written notice, unless there is reasonable cause to believe the employee has committed a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment may be imposed, stating the specific reasons for the proposed action;

(2) a reasonable time, but not less than 7 days, to answer orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in support of the answer;

(3) be represented by an attorney or other representative; and

(4) a written decision and the specific reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date.

(c) An agency may provide, by regulation, for a hearing which may be in lieu of or in addition to the opportunity to answer provided under subsection (b)(2) of this section.

(d) An employee against whom an action is taken under this section is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title.

(e) Copies of the notice of proposed action, the answer of the employee when written, a summary thereof when made orally, the notice of decision and reasons therefor, and any order effecting an action covered by this subchapter, together with any supporting material, shall be maintained by the agency and shall be furnished to the Board upon its request and to the employee affected upon the employee's request.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1136.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter, except as it concerns any matter with respect to which the Merit Systems Protection Board may prescribe regulations.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1137.)

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a)

(1) the term "agency"—

(A) has the meaning given the term in section 2302(a)(2)(C), without regard to whether any other provision of this chapter is applicable to the entity; and

(B) does not include any entity that is an element of the intelligence community, as defined in section 3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003);

(2) the term "prohibited personnel action" means taking or failing to take an action in violation of paragraph (8), (9), or (14) of section 2302(b) against an employee of an agency; and

(3) the term "supervisor" means an employee who would be a supervisor, as defined in section 7103(a), if the entity employing the employee was an agency.

(b)

(1)

(A) for the first prohibited personnel action committed by the supervisor—

(i) shall propose suspending the supervisor for a period that is not less than 3 days; and

(ii) may propose an additional action determined appropriate by the head of the agency, including a reduction in grade or pay; and

(B) for the second prohibited personnel action committed by the supervisor, shall propose removing the supervisor.

(2)

(A)

(i) states the specific reasons for the proposed action; and

(ii) informs the supervisor about the right of the supervisor to review the material that is relied on to support the reasons given in the notice for the proposed action.

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(i) except as provided in clause (ii), shall be subject to the same requirements and procedures, including those with respect to an appeal, as an action under section 7503, 7513, or 7543; and

(ii) shall not be subject to—

(I) paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 7503(b);

(II) paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and subsection (c) of section 7513; and

(III) paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (b) and subsection (c) of section 7543.

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(e)(1)(B), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1621.)

A prior section 7515, Pub. L. 115–73, title I, §104(a), Oct. 26, 2017, 131 Stat. 1236, related to discipline of supervisors based on retaliation against whistleblowers, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1097(e)(1)(A), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1621.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1137, substituted "ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGES" for "HEARING EXAMINERS" in subchapter heading.

(a) An action may be taken against an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title by the agency in which the administrative law judge is employed only for good cause established and determined by the Merit Systems Protection Board on the record after opportunity for hearing before the Board.

(b) The actions covered by this section are—

(1) a removal;

(2) a suspension;

(3) a reduction in grade;

(4) a reduction in pay; and

(5) a furlough of 30 days or less;

but do not include—

(A) a suspension or removal under section 7532 of this title;

(B) a reduction-in-force action under section 3502 of this title; or

(C) any action initiated under section 1215 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §204(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1137; amended Pub. L. 101–12, §9(a)(2), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35.)

A prior section 7521, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 95–251, §2(a)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183, related to removal of an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–454, §204(a).

**1989**—Subsec. (b)(C). Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "1215" for "1206".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter, "agency" means—

(1) the Department of State;

(2) the Department of Commerce;

(3) the Department of Justice;

(4) the Department of Defense;

(5) a military department;

(6) the Coast Guard;

(7) the Atomic Energy Commission;

(8) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and

(9) such other agency of the Government of the United States as the President designates in the best interests of national security.

The President shall report any designation to the Committees on the Armed Services of the Congress.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 528.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 22–3. | Aug. 26, 1950, ch. 823, §3, 64 Stat. 477. |


Paragraphs (1)–(8) are supplied on authority of former section 22–1, which is carried in part into section 7532. The references to "the Foreign Service of the United States" and "several field services" are omitted as unnecessary since they are within the agencies concerned. The words "military departments" are substituted for the enumeration of the military departments in view of the definition of "military department" in section 102.

The reference to the National Security Resources Board is omitted as the Board was abolished by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 3, §6, eff. June 12, 1953, 67 Stat. 636.

Paragraph (9) is restated to conform to the style of this title.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

Ex. Ord. No. 10237, Apr. 27, 1951, 16 F.R. 3627, made the provisions of former sections 22–1 and 22–3 of this title [see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of this title] applicable to the Panama Canal Government and to the Panama Canal Company.

Memorandum of the President of the United States, May 23, 1988, 53 F.R. 26023, provided:

Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense

I have reviewed the personnel security requirements of the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Defense Mapping Agency and the termination provisions of 5 U.S.C. Section 7532. I have determined that these Agencies are sensitive agencies and that it is in the best interests of national security that they be designated "agencies" within the meaning of that section.

Therefore, pursuant to the authority set forth in 5 U.S.C. Section 7531(9), I hereby designate the National Security Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Defense Mapping Agency as "agencies" within the meaning of 5 U.S.C. Section 7532.

You are hereby authorized and directed to report these designations to the Committees on Armed Services of the Congress and to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Ronald Reagan.

(a) Notwithstanding other statutes, the head of an agency may suspend without pay an employee of his agency when he considers that action necessary in the interests of national security. To the extent that the head of the agency determines that the interests of national security permit, the suspended employee shall be notified of the reasons for the suspension. Within 30 days after the notification, the suspended employee is entitled to submit to the official designated by the head of the agency statements or affidavits to show why he should be restored to duty.

(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the head of an agency may remove an employee suspended under subsection (a) of this section when, after such investigation and review as he considers necessary, he determines that removal is necessary or advisable in the interests of national security. The determination of the head of the agency is final.

(c) An employee suspended under subsection (a) of this section who—

(1) has a permanent or indefinite appointment;

(2) has completed his probationary or trial period; and

(3) is a citizen of the United States;

is entitled, after suspension and before removal, to—

(A) a written statement of the charges against him within 30 days after suspension, which may be amended within 30 days thereafter and which shall be stated as specifically as security considerations permit;

(B) an opportunity within 30 days thereafter, plus an additional 30 days if the charges are amended, to answer the charges and submit affidavits;

(C) a hearing, at the request of the employee, by an agency authority duly constituted for this purpose;

(D) a review of his case by the head of the agency or his designee, before a decision adverse to the employee is made final; and

(E) a written statement of the decision of the head of the agency.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 529.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 22–1 (less 3d–5th provisos). | Aug. 26, 1950, ch. 803, §1 (less 3d–5th provisos), 64 Stat. 476. | |

July 29, 1958, Pub. L. 85–568, §301(c), 72 Stat. 432. |


The application of this section is covered by the definition in section 7531.

In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding the provisions of section 652 of this title" are omitted but are carried into section 7501(c). The words "in his absolute discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive grant of authority. The word "reinstated" is omitted as it is commonly used in other statutes to denote action different from that referred to here.

In subsections (b) and (c), the words "remove" and "removal" are coextensive with and substituted for "terminate the employment", "termination", and "employment is terminated", as appropriate.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This subchapter does not impair the powers vested in the Atomic Energy Commission by chapter 23 of title 42, or the requirement in section 2201(d) of title 42 that adequate provision be made for administrative review of a determination to dismiss an employee of the Atomic Energy Commission.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 529.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 22–2. | Aug. 26, 1950, ch. 803, §2, 64 Stat. 477. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means a career appointee in the Senior Executive Service who—

(A) has completed the probationary period prescribed under section 3393(d) of this title; or

(B) was covered by the provisions of subchapter II of this chapter immediately before appointment to the Senior Executive Service; and

(2) "suspension" has the meaning set forth in section 7501(2) of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §411(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1174; amended Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, §1105(c)(5), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1024; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2)(E), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 1950.)

**2021**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 117–81 struck out "or section 1599e of title 10" after "section 3393(d) of this title".

**2015**—Par. (1)(A). Pub. L. 114–92 inserted "or section 1599e of title 10" after "this title".

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applied as if effective Dec. 31, 2022, to correspond to the effective date of the repeal of section 1599e of Title 10, Armed Forces, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective Date of Repeal note under section 1599e of Title 10.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

This subchapter applies to a removal from the civil service or suspension for more than 14 days, but does not apply to an action initiated under section 1215 of this title, to a suspension or removal under section 7532 of this title, or to a removal under section 3592 or 3595 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §411(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1174; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(d)(1), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 101–12, §9(a)(2), Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35.)

**1989**—Pub. L. 101–12 substituted "1215" for "1206".

**1981**—Pub. L. 97–35 inserted reference to section 3595 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective June 1, 1981, with certain exceptions and conditions, see section 1704(e) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3595 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an agency may take an action covered by this subchapter against an employee only for misconduct, neglect of duty, malfeasance, or failure to accept a directed reassignment or to accompany a position in a transfer of function.

(b) An employee against whom an action covered by this subchapter is proposed is entitled to—

(1) at least 30 days' advance written notice, unless there is reasonable cause to believe that the employee has committed a crime for which a sentence of imprisonment can be imposed, stating specific reasons for the proposed action;

(2) a reasonable time, but not less than 7 days, to answer orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in support of the answer;

(3) be represented by an attorney or other representative; and

(4) a written decision and specific reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date.

(c) An agency may provide, by regulation, for a hearing which may be in lieu of or in addition to the opportunity to answer provided under subsection (b)(2) of this section.

(d) An employee against whom an action is taken under this section is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of this title.

(e) Copies of the notice of proposed action, the answer of the employee when written, and a summary thereof when made orally, the notice of decision and reasons therefor, and any order effecting an action covered by this subchapter, together with any supporting material, shall be maintained by the agency and shall be furnished to the Merit Systems Protection Board upon its request and to the employee affected upon the employee's request.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §411(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1174; amended Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1704(d)(2), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §304(c), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3219.)

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted reference to failure to accept a directed reassignment or to accompany a position in a transfer of function.

**1981**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance" for "such cause as will promote the efficiency of the service".

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–35 effective June 1, 1981, with certain exceptions and conditions, see section 1704(e) of Pub. L. 97–35, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3595 of this title.

Section effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 3131 of this title.


**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §205, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1138, substituted "Appellate procedures" for "Appeals of preference eligibles" in item 7701, and added items 7702 and 7703.

(a) An employee, or applicant for employment, may submit an appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board from any action which is appealable to the Board under any law, rule, or regulation. An appellant shall have the right—

(1) to a hearing for which a transcript will be kept; and

(2) to be represented by an attorney or other representative.

Appeals shall be processed in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Board.

(b)(1) The Board may hear any case appealed to it or may refer the case to an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title or other employee of the Board designated by the Board to hear such cases, except that in any case involving a removal from the service, the case shall be heard by the Board, an employee experienced in hearing appeals, or an administrative law judge. The Board, administrative law judge, or other employee (as the case may be) shall make a decision after receipt of the written representations of the parties to the appeal and after opportunity for a hearing under subsection (a)(1) of this section. A copy of the decision shall be furnished to each party to the appeal and to the Office of Personnel Management.

(2)(A) If an employee or applicant for employment is the prevailing party in an appeal under this subsection, the employee or applicant shall be granted the relief provided in the decision effective upon the making of the decision, and remaining in effect pending the outcome of any petition for review under subsection (e), unless—

(i) the deciding official determines that the granting of such relief is not appropriate; or

(ii)(I) the relief granted in the decision provides that such employee or applicant shall return or be present at the place of employment during the period pending the outcome of any petition for review under subsection (e); and

(II) the employing agency, subject to the provisions of subparagraph (B), determines that the return or presence of such employee or applicant is unduly disruptive to the work environment.

(B) If an agency makes a determination under subparagraph (A)(ii)(II) that prevents the return or presence of an employee at the place of employment, such employee shall receive pay, compensation, and all other benefits as terms and conditions of employment during the period pending the outcome of any petition for review under subsection (e).

(C) Nothing in the provisions of this paragraph may be construed to require any award of back pay or attorney fees be paid before the decision is final.

(3) With respect to an appeal from an adverse action covered by subchapter V of chapter 75, authority to mitigate the personnel action involved shall be available, subject to the same standards as would apply in an appeal involving an action covered by subchapter II of chapter 75 with respect to which mitigation authority under this section exists.

(c)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the decision of the agency shall be sustained under subsection (b) only if the agency's decision—

(A) in the case of an action based on unacceptable performance described in section 4303, is supported by substantial evidence; or

(B) in any other case, is supported by a preponderance of the evidence.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the agency's decision may not be sustained under subsection (b) of this section if the employee or applicant for employment—

(A) shows harmful error in the application of the agency's procedures in arriving at such decision;

(B) shows that the decision was based on any prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b) of this title; or

(C) shows that the decision was not in accordance with law.

(d)(1) In any case in which—

(A) the interpretation or application of any civil service law, rule, or regulation, under the jurisdiction of the Office of Personnel Management is at issue in any proceeding under this section; and

(B) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management is of the opinion that an erroneous decision would have a substantial impact on any civil service law, rule, or regulation under the jurisdiction of the Office;

the Director may as a matter of right intervene or otherwise participate in that proceeding before the Board. If the Director exercises his right to participate in a proceeding before the Board, he shall do so as early in the proceeding as practicable. Nothing in this title shall be construed to permit the Office to interfere with the independent decisionmaking of the Merit Systems Protection Board.

(2) The Board shall promptly notify the Director whenever the interpretation of any civil service law, rule, or regulation under the jurisdiction of the Office is at issue in any proceeding under this section.

(e)(1) Except as provided in section 7702 of this title, any decision under subsection (b) of this section shall be final unless—

(A) a party to the appeal or the Director petitions the Board for review within 30 days after the receipt of the decision; or

(B) the Board reopens and reconsiders a case on its own motion.

The Board, for good cause shown, may extend the 30-day period referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph. One member of the Board may grant a petition or otherwise direct that a decision be reviewed by the full Board. The preceding sentence shall not apply if, by law, a decision of an administrative law judge is required to be acted upon by the Board.

(2) The Director may petition the Board for a review under paragraph (1) of this subsection only if the Director is of the opinion that the decision is erroneous and will have a substantial impact on any civil service law, rule, or regulation under the jurisdiction of the Office.

(f) The Board, or an administrative law judge or other employee of the Board designated to hear a case, may—

(1) consolidate appeals filed by two or more appellants, or

(2) join two or more appeals filed by the same appellant and hear and decide them concurrently,

if the deciding official or officials hearing the cases are of the opinion that the action could result in the appeals' being processed more expeditiously and would not adversely affect any party.

(g)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Board, or an administrative law judge or other employee of the Board designated to hear a case, may require payment by the agency involved of reasonable attorney fees incurred by an employee or applicant for employment if the employee or applicant is the prevailing party and the Board, administrative law judge, or other employee (as the case may be) determines that payment by the agency is warranted in the interest of justice, including any case in which a prohibited personnel practice was engaged in by the agency or any case in which the agency's action was clearly without merit.

(2) If an employee or applicant for employment is the prevailing party and the decision is based on a finding of discrimination prohibited under section 2302(b)(1) of this title, the payment of attorney fees shall be in accordance with the standards prescribed under section 706(k) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–5(k)).

(h) The Board may, by regulation, provide for one or more alternative methods for settling matters subject to the appellate jurisdiction of the Board which shall be applicable at the election of an applicant for employment or of an employee who is not in a unit for which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition, and shall be in lieu of other procedures provided for under this section. A decision under such a method shall be final, unless the Board reopens and reconsiders a case at the request of the Office of Personnel Management under subsection (e) of this section.

(i)(1) Upon the submission of any appeal to the Board under this section, the Board, through reference to such categories of cases, or other means, as it determines appropriate, shall establish and announce publicly the date by which it intends to complete action on the matter. Such date shall assure expeditious consideration of the appeal, consistent with the interests of fairness and other priorities of the Board. If the Board fails to complete action on the appeal by the announced date, and the expected delay will exceed 30 days, the Board shall publicly announce the new date by which it intends to complete action on the appeal.

(2) Not later than March 1 of each year, the Board shall submit to the Congress a report describing the number of appeals submitted to it during the preceding fiscal year, the number of appeals on which it completed action during that year, and the number of instances during that year in which it failed to conclude a proceeding by the date originally announced, together with an explanation of the reasons therefor.

(3) The Board shall by rule indicate any other category of significant Board action which the Board determines should be subject to the provisions of this subsection.

(4) It shall be the duty of the Board, an administrative law judge, or employee designated by the Board to hear any proceeding under this section to expedite to the extent practicable that proceeding.

(j) In determining the appealability under this section of any case involving a removal from the service (other than the removal of a reemployed annuitant), neither an individual's status under any retirement system established by or under Federal statute nor any election made by such individual under any such system may be taken into account.

(k) The Board may prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 530; Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §205, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1138; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(45), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 99–386, title II, §208, Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 824; Pub. L. 101–12, §6, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 33; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(6), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 101–280, §6(d)(2), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 101–376, §3, Aug. 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 462; Pub. L. 102–175, §5, Dec. 2, 1991, 105 Stat. 1223; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(56), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 863 (less 1st 168 words, and less 2d proviso). | June 27, 1944, ch. 287, §14 (less 1st 168 words, and less 2d proviso), 58 Stat. 390. Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 447, 61 Stat. 723. |
|

5 U.S.C. 868 (proviso). | June 22, 1948, ch. 604, 62 Stat. 575. |


The application of the section is established by the words "A preference eligible employee as defined by section 7511 of this title". Specific mention of the actions appealable are covered by the reference to "an adverse decision under section 7512 of this title". The words "administrative authority" are substituted for "administrative officer" to avoid conflict with the definitions of "employee" and "officer" in chapter 21 of this title and to include an individual who is employed by the government of the District of Columbia or who is a member of a uniformed service as such an individual could have been an "administrative officer" under former section 863. The words "the date of" in the phrase "after the date of receipt of notice" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "reasonable rules and" in the phrase "reasonable rules and regulations" are omitted as unnecessary. The word "proper" in the phrase "proper administrative officer" is omitted as unnecessary. The word "designated" in the phrase "designated representative" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title outlined in preface to the report.

**2002**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 107–296, which directed the amendment of subpar. (A) by striking "or removal from the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified under section 3393a", was executed by striking out "or a removal from the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified under section 3393a" after "section 4303" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–378 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "in the case of an action based on unacceptable performance described in section 4303 or a removal from the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified under section 3393a of this title, is supported by substantial evidence, or".

**1991**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–175 added par. (3).

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–280 amended Pub. L. 101–194, see 1989 Amendment note below.

Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 101–376 added subsec. (j) and redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k).

**1989**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–12 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–194, as amended by Pub. L. 101–280, which directed the substitution of "or a removal from the Senior Executive Service for failure to be recertified under section 3393a of" for "of", was executed by making the substitution for the second reference to "of" as the probable intent of Congress.

**1986**—Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 99–386 substituted "fiscal" for "calendar".

**1979**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(45)(A), substituted "administrative" for "administration".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(45)(B), substituted "(as the case may be)" for ", as the case may be,".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(45)(C), substituted "subsection (e)" for "subsection (d)".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Appellate procedures" for "Appeals of preference eligibles" in section catchline, and in text substituted provisions relating to procedures applicable with respect to the Merit Systems Protection Board for an employee or applicant for employment, for provisions relating to appeals of preference eligible employees.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–376 effective Aug. 17, 1990, and applicable with respect to any appeal or other proceeding brought on or after such date, see section 4 of Pub. L. 101–376, set out as a note under section 4303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

For effect of Pub. L. 101–12 on orders, rules, and regulations issued before effective date of Pub. L. 101–12, administrative proceedings pending at time provisions of Pub. L. 101–12 take effect, and suits and other proceedings as in effect immediately before effective date of Pub. L. 101–12, see section 7 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (i)(2) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 177 of House Document No. 103–7.

Ex. Ord. No. 11787, June 11, 1974, 39 F.R. 20675; Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which provided that the appeals system established by the Merit Systems Protection Board is the sole system of appeal for an employee covered by that appeal system, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12553, Feb. 25, 1986, 51 F.R. 7237.

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, in the case of any employee or applicant for employment who—

(A) has been affected by an action which the employee or applicant may appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board, and

(B) alleges that a basis for the action was discrimination prohibited by—

(i) section 717 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16),

(ii) section 6(d) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206(d)),

(iii) section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 791),

(iv) sections 12 and 15 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 631, 633a), or

(v) any rule, regulation, or policy directive prescribed under any provision of law described in clauses (i) through (iv) of this subparagraph,

the Board shall, within 120 days of the filing of the appeal, decide both the issue of discrimination and the appealable action in accordance with the Board's appellate procedures under section 7701 of this title and this section.

(2) In any matter before an agency which involves—

(A) any action described in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection; and

(B) any issue of discrimination prohibited under any provision of law described in paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection;

the agency shall resolve such matter within 120 days. The decision of the agency in any such matter shall be a judicially reviewable action unless the employee appeals the matter to the Board under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) Any decision of the Board under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be a judicially reviewable action as of—

(A) the date of issuance of the decision if the employee or applicant does not file a petition with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission under subsection (b)(1) of this section, or

(B) the date the Commission determines not to consider the decision under subsection (b)(2) of this section.

(b)(1) An employee or applicant may, within 30 days after notice of the decision of the Board under subsection (a)(1) of this section, petition the Commission to consider the decision.

(2) The Commission shall, within 30 days after the date of the petition, determine whether to consider the decision. A determination of the Commission not to consider the decision may not be used as evidence with respect to any issue of discrimination in any judicial proceeding concerning that issue.

(3) If the Commission makes a determination to consider the decision, the Commission shall, within 60 days after the date of the determination, consider the entire record of the proceedings of the Board and, on the basis of the evidentiary record before the Board, as supplemented under paragraph (4) of this subsection, either—

(A) concur in the decision of the Board; or

(B) issue in writing another decision which differs from the decision of the Board to the extent that the Commission finds that, as a matter of law—

(i) the decision of the Board constitutes an incorrect interpretation of any provision of any law, rule, regulation, or policy directive referred to in subsection (a)(1)(B) of this section, or

(ii) the decision involving such provision is not supported by the evidence in the record as a whole.

(4) In considering any decision of the Board under this subsection, the Commission may refer the case to the Board, or provide on its own, for the taking (within such period as permits the Commission to make a decision within the 60-day period prescribed under this subsection) of additional evidence to the extent it considers necessary to supplement the record.

(5)(A) If the Commission concurs pursuant to paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection in the decision of the Board, the decision of the Board shall be a judicially reviewable action.

(B) If the Commission issues any decision under paragraph (3)(B) of this subsection, the Commission shall immediately refer the matter to the Board.

(c) Within 30 days after receipt by the Board of the decision of the Commission under subsection (b)(5)(B) of this section, the Board shall consider the decision and—

(1) concur and adopt in whole the decision of the Commission; or

(2) to the extent that the Board finds that, as a matter of law, (A) the Commission decision constitutes an incorrect interpretation of any provision of any civil service law, rule, regulation or policy directive, or (B) the Commission decision involving such provision is not supported by the evidence in the record as a whole—

(i) reaffirm the initial decision of the Board; or

(ii) reaffirm the initial decision of the Board with such revisions as it determines appropriate.

If the Board takes the action provided under paragraph (1), the decision of the Board shall be a judicially reviewable action.

(d)(1) If the Board takes any action under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the matter shall be immediately certified to a special panel described in paragraph (6) of this subsection. Upon certification, the Board shall, within 5 days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays), transmit to the special panel the administrative record in the proceeding, including—

(A) the factual record compiled under this section,

(B) the decisions issued by the Board and the Commission under this section, and

(C) any transcript of oral arguments made, or legal briefs filed, before the Board or the Commission.

(2)(A) The special panel shall, within 45 days after a matter has been certified to it, review the administrative record transmitted to it and, on the basis of the record, decide the issues in dispute and issue a final decision which shall be a judicially reviewable action.

(B) The special panel shall give due deference to the respective expertise of the Board and Commission in making its decision.

(3) The special panel shall refer its decision under paragraph (2) of this subsection to the Board and the Board shall order any agency to take any action appropriate to carry out the decision.

(4) The special panel shall permit the employee or applicant who brought the complaint and the employing agency to appear before the panel to present oral arguments and to present written arguments with respect to the matter.

(5) Upon application by the employee or applicant, the Commission may issue such interim relief as it determines appropriate to mitigate any exceptional hardship the employee or applicant might otherwise incur as a result of the certification of any matter under this subsection, except that the Commission may not stay, or order any agency to review on an interim basis, the action referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section.

(6)(A) Each time the Board takes any action under subsection (c)(2) of this section, a special panel shall be convened which shall consist of—

(i) an individual appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to serve for a term of 6 years as chairman of the special panel each time it is convened;

(ii) one member of the Board designated by the Chairman of the Board each time a panel is convened; and

(iii) one member of the Commission designated by the Chairman of the Commission each time a panel is convened.

The chairman of the special panel may be removed by the President only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.

(B) The chairman is entitled to pay at a rate equal to the maximum annual rate of basic pay payable under the General Schedule for each day he is engaged in the performance of official business on the work of the special panel.

(C) The Board and the Commission shall provide such administrative assistance to the special panel as may be necessary and, to the extent practicable, shall equally divide the costs of providing the administrative assistance.

(e)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if at any time after—

(A) the 120th day following the filing of any matter described in subsection (a)(2) of this section with an agency, there is no judicially reviewable action under this section or an appeal under paragraph (2) of this subsection;

(B) the 120th day following the filing of an appeal with the Board under subsection (a)(1) of this section, there is no judicially reviewable action (unless such action is not as the result of the filing of a petition by the employee under subsection (b)(1) of this section); or

(C) the 180th day following the filing of a petition with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission under subsection (b)(1) of this section, there is no final agency action under subsection (b), (c), or (d) of this section;

an employee shall be entitled to file a civil action to the same extent and in the same manner as provided in section 717(c) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16(c)), section 15(c) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 633a(c)), or section 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 216(b)).

(2) If, at any time after the 120th day following the filing of any matter described in subsection (a)(2) of this section with an agency, there is no judicially reviewable action, the employee may appeal the matter to the Board under subsection (a)(1) of this section.

(3) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect the right to trial de novo under any provision of law described in subsection (a)(1) of this section after a judicially reviewable action, including the decision of an agency under subsection (a)(2) of this section.

(f) In any case in which an employee is required to file any action, appeal, or petition under this section and the employee timely files the action, appeal, or petition with an agency other than the agency with which the action, appeal, or petition is to be filed, the employee shall be treated as having timely filed the action, appeal, or petition as of the date it is filed with the proper agency.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §205, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1140; amended Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(46), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(6)(B), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(46)(A), substituted "affected" for "effected".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(46)(B), substituted "2000e–16" for "2000e–16c".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(46)(C), (D), substituted "of this section" for "of this title" in subpar. (C), and "216(b)" for "216(d)" in provision following subpar. (C).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

(a)(1) Any employee or applicant for employment adversely affected or aggrieved by a final order or decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board may obtain judicial review of the order or decision.

(2) The Board shall be named respondent in any proceeding brought pursuant to this subsection, unless the employee or applicant for employment seeks review of a final order or decision on the merits on the underlying personnel action or on a request for attorney fees, in which case the agency responsible for taking the personnel action shall be the respondent.

(b)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) and paragraph (2) of this subsection, a petition to review a final order or final decision of the Board shall be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any petition for review shall be filed within 60 days after the Board issues notice of the final order or decision of the Board.

(B) A petition to review a final order or final decision of the Board that raises no challenge to the Board's disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D) shall be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any petition for review shall be filed within 60 days after the Board issues notice of the final order or decision of the Board.

(2) Cases of discrimination subject to the provisions of section 7702 of this title shall be filed under section 717(c) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e–16(c)), section 15(c) of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. 633a(c)), and section 16(b) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended (29 U.S.C. 216(b)), as applicable. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any such case filed under any such section must be filed within 30 days after the date the individual filing the case received notice of the judicially reviewable action under such section 7702.

(c) In any case filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, the court shall review the record and hold unlawful and set aside any agency action, findings, or conclusions found to be—

(1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law;

(2) obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or

(3) unsupported by substantial evidence;

except that in the case of discrimination brought under any section referred to in subsection (b)(2) of this section, the employee or applicant shall have the right to have the facts subject to trial de novo by the reviewing court.

(d)(1) Except as provided under paragraph (2), this paragraph shall apply to any review obtained by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. The Director may obtain review of any final order or decision of the Board by filing, within 60 days after the Board issues notice of the final order or decision of the Board, a petition for judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit if the Director determines, in the discretion of the Director, that the Board erred in interpreting a civil service law, rule, or regulation affecting personnel management and that the Board's decision will have a substantial impact on a civil service law, rule, regulation, or policy directive. If the Director did not intervene in a matter before the Board, the Director may not petition for review of a Board decision under this section unless the Director first petitions the Board for a reconsideration of its decision, and such petition is denied. In addition to the named respondent, the Board and all other parties to the proceedings before the Board shall have the right to appear in the proceeding before the Court of Appeals. The granting of the petition for judicial review shall be at the discretion of the Court of Appeals.

(2) This paragraph shall apply to any review obtained by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management that raises no challenge to the Board's disposition of allegations of a prohibited personnel practice described in section 2302(b) other than practices described in section 2302(b)(8), or 2302(b)(9)(A)(i), (B), (C), or (D). The Director may obtain review of any final order or decision of the Board by filing, within 60 days after the Board issues notice of the final order or decision of the Board, a petition for judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or any court of appeals of competent jurisdiction if the Director determines, in the discretion of the Director, that the Board erred in interpreting a civil service law, rule, or regulation affecting personnel management and that the Board's decision will have a substantial impact on a civil service law, rule, regulation, or policy directive. If the Director did not intervene in a matter before the Board, the Director may not petition for review of a Board decision under this section unless the Director first petitions the Board for a reconsideration of its decision, and such petition is denied. In addition to the named respondent, the Board and all other parties to the proceedings before the Board shall have the right to appear in the proceeding before the court of appeals. The granting of the petition for judicial review shall be at the discretion of the court of appeals.

(Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, §205, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1143; amended Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §144, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 45; Pub. L. 101–12, §10, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 105–311, §10(a), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2954; Pub. L. 112–199, title I, §108, Nov. 27, 2012, 126 Stat. 1469; Pub. L. 113–170, §2, Sept. 26, 2014, 128 Stat. 1894; Pub. L. 115–195, §2(a), (b), July 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 1510.)

**2018**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 115–195, §2(a), substituted "A petition" for "During the 5-year period beginning on the effective date of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, a petition".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–195, §2(b), substituted "This paragraph" for "During the 5-year period beginning on the effective date of the Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2012, this paragraph".

**2014**—Subsecs. (b)(1)(B), (d)(2). Pub. L. 113–170 substituted "5-year" for "2-year".

**2012**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 112–199, §108(a), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a petition to review a final order or final decision of the Board shall be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any petition for review must be filed within 60 days after the date the petitioner received notice of the final order or decision of the Board."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 112–199, §108(b), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may obtain review of any final order or decision of the Board by filing, within 60 days after the date the Director received notice of the final order or decision of the Board, a petition for judicial review in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit if the Director determines, in his discretion, that the Board erred in interpreting a civil service law, rule, or regulation affecting personnel management and that the Board's decision will have a substantial impact on a civil service law, rule, regulation, or policy directive. If the Director did not intervene in a matter before the Board, the Director may not petition for review of a Board decision under this section unless the Director first petitions the Board for a reconsideration of its decision, and such petition is denied. In addition to the named respondent, the Board and all other parties to the proceedings before the Board shall have the right to appear in the proceeding before the Court of Appeals. The granting of the petition for judicial review shall be at the discretion of the Court of Appeals."

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–311, §10(a)(1), substituted "within 60 days" for "within 30 days".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–311, §10(a)(2), in first sentence, inserted ", within 60 days after the date the Director received notice of the final order or decision of the Board," after "filing".

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–12 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "The Board shall be the named respondent in any proceeding brought pursuant to this subsection, unless the employee or applicant for employment seeks review of a final order or decision issued by the Board under section 7701. In review of a final order or decision issued under section 7701, the agency responsible for taking the action appealed to the Board shall be the named respondent."

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–164, §144(1), substituted "United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit" for "Court of Claims or a United States court of appeals as provided in chapters 91 and 158, respectively, of title 28".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–164, §144(2), substituted "Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit" for "Court of Claims or a United States court of appeals".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–164, §144(3), substituted "United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit" for "United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia".

Pub. L. 115–195, §2(c), July 7, 2018, 132 Stat. 1510, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect as if enacted on November 26, 2017."

Amendment by Pub. L. 112–199 effective 30 days after Nov. 27, 2012, see section 202 of Pub. L. 112–199, set out as a note under section 1204 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–311, §10(b), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2954, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 1998], and apply to any suit, action, or other administrative or judicial proceeding pending on such date or commenced on or after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–12 effective 90 days following Apr. 10, 1989, see section 11 of Pub. L. 101–12, set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title.

For effect of Pub. L. 101–12 on orders, rules, and regulations issued before effective date of Pub. L. 101–12, administrative proceedings pending at time provisions of Pub. L. 101–12 take effect, and suits and other proceedings as in effect immediately before effective date of Pub. L. 101–12, see section 7 of Pub. L. 101–12 set out as a note under section 1201 of this title.


**2011**—Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1614, added item 7906.

**1993**—Pub. L. 103–172, §2(b), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1996, added item 7905.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6004(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–159, added item 7904.

Pub. L. 102–241, §44, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2226, provided that: "The Department of Transportation may include military personnel of the Coast Guard in any program in which the Department participates under section 629 of the Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991, Public Law 101–509 [set out below], notwithstanding section 629(c)(2) of that Act."

[For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Pub. L. 101–509, title VI, §629, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1478, authorized Federal agencies and employees to participate in State or local government programs encouraging employees to use public transportation, directed General Accounting Office, not later than June 30, 1993, to conduct a study and submit a report on the implementation of such programs, and provided that this section was repealed effective Dec. 31, 1993.

(a) The head of each agency of the Government of the United States may establish, within the limits of appropriations available, a health service program to promote and maintain the physical and mental fitness of employees under his jurisdiction.

(b) A health service program may be established by contract or otherwise, but only—

(1) after consultation with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and consideration of its recommendations; and

(2) in localities where there are a sufficient number of employees to warrant providing the service.

(c) A health service program is limited to—

(1) treatment of on-the-job illness and dental conditions requiring emergency attention;

(2) preemployment and other examinations;

(3) referral of employees to private physicians and dentists; and

(4) preventive programs relating to health.

(d) The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, on request, shall review a health service program conducted under this section and shall submit comment and recommendations to the head of the agency concerned.

(e) When this section authorizes the use of the professional services of physicians, that authorization includes the use of the professional services of surgeons and osteopathic practitioners within the scope of their practice as defined by State law.

(f) The health programs conducted by the Tennessee Valley Authority are not affected by this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 530; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(47), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 209; Pub. L. 104–201, div. C, title XXXV, §3548(a)(9), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2869.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 150. | Aug. 8, 1946, ch. 865, 60 Stat. 903. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, §8, 64 Stat. 986. |


In subsection (a), the words "agency of the Government of the United States" are coextensive with and substituted for "departments and agencies including Government-owned and controlled corporations" to avoid confusion with the definitions in sections 101–105.

In subsection (d) the word "appropriate" in the phrase "appropriate comment and recommendations" is omitted as unnecessary. The words "to the head of the agency concerned" are added for clarity.

In subsection (e), the substance of the definition of "physician" in former section 790 is substituted for the reference to that section.

In subsection (f)(2) and (3), the words "Canal Zone Government" and "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Canal" and "Panama Railroad", respectively, on the authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a), 64 Stat. 1038.

The last proviso of the first sentence of the Act of Aug. 8, 1946, is omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 7901 to reflect 1966 Reorganization Plan No. 3, effective June 25, 1966, 80 Stat. 1610, section 1 of which transferred all functions of the Public Health Service to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

**1996**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "The health programs conducted by the following agencies are not affected by this section—

"(1) the Tennessee Valley Authority;

"(2) the Canal Zone Government; and

"(3) the Panama Canal Company."

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated Secretary of Health and Human Services by section 3508 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 103–172, §1(a), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1995, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 7905 of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 7905 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Clean Air Incentives Act'."

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §110, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 17, directed Director of Office of Personnel Management to conduct a demonstration project to determine most effective method of furnishing health protection, health promotion, disease prevention, and secondary prevention services to Federal Government employees, with Director to report to Congress no later than 60 days after termination of project on Feb. 27, 1988.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "employee" means an employee as defined by section 8101 of this title; and

(2) "agency" means an agency in any branch of the Government of the United States (not including the United States Postal Service), including an instrumentality wholly owned by the United States, and the government of the District of Columbia.

(b) The Secretary of Labor shall carry out a safety program under section 941(b)(1) of title 33 covering the employment of each employee of an agency.

(c) The President may—

(1) establish by Executive order a safety council composed of representatives of the agencies and of labor organizations representing employees to serve as an advisory body to the Secretary in furtherance of the safety program carried out by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section; and

(2) undertake such other measures as he considers proper to prevent injuries and accidents to employees of the agencies.

(d) The head of each agency shall develop and support organized safety promotion to reduce accidents and injuries among employees of his agency, encourage safe practices, and eliminate work hazards and health risks.

(e) Each agency shall—

(1) keep a record of injuries and accidents to its employees whether or not they result in loss of time or in the payment or furnishing of benefits; and

(2) make such statistical or other reports on such forms as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 530; Pub. L. 91–596, §19(c), Dec. 29, 1970, 84 Stat. 1610; Pub. L. 105–241, §2(b)(2), Sept. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 1572.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 784 (less (a)). | Sept. 16, 1916, ch. 458, §33 (less (a)); added | |

Dec. 22, 1944, ch. 664, 58 Stat. 887. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §209, 63 Stat. 865. |


Subsection (a) is added on authority of former sections 790(b) and 794 (1st sentence), which are carried into section 8101.

The words "Secretary of Labor" and "Secretary" are substituted for "Administrator" on authority of section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1271.

Subsection (b) is restated for clarity. The words "under section 941(b)(1) of title 33" are substituted for "The provisions of section 941 of title 33 shall, insofar as not inapplicable, apply" on authority of section 941(g)(2) of title 33. The reference to "a safety program" is based in part on the words "in furtherance of the safety program carried out by the Secretary pursuant to this section" in former section 784(c).

In subsection (d), the word "foster" is omitted as included in "develop and support". The words "and reduce compensable injuries" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–241 inserted "(not including the United States Postal Service)" after "Government of the United States".

**1970**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 91–596 included representatives of labor organizations representing employees.

Ex. Ord. No. 10990, Feb. 5, 1962, 27 F.R. 1065, which provided for the establishment of a Federal Safety Council, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11612, July 26, 1971, 36 F.R. 13891, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11612, July 26, 1971, 36 F.R. 13891, which related to occupational safety and health programs for federal employees, was superseded by Ex. Ord. 11807, Sept. 28, 1974, 39 F.R. 35559, formerly set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 11807, Sept. 28, 1974, 39 F.R. 35559, which related to occupational safety and health programs for federal employees and continued the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12196, Feb. 26, 1980, 45 F.R. 12769, set out below.

Ex. Ord. No. 12196, Feb. 26, 1980, 45 F.R. 12769, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12223, June 30, 1980, 45 F.R. 45235; Ex. Ord. No. 12608, Sept. 9, 1987, 52 F.R. 34617, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 7902(c) of Title 5 of the United States Code and in accord with Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended (29 U.S.C 668), it is ordered:

1–101. This order applies to all agencies of the Executive Branch except military personnel and uniquely military equipment, systems, and operations.

1–102. For the purposes of this order, the term "agency" means an Executive department, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101, or any employing unit or authority of the Federal government, other than those of the judicial and legislative branches. Since section 19 [29 U.S.C. 668] of the Occupational Safety and Health Act ("the Act") [29 U.S.C. 651 et seq.] covers all Federal employees, however, the Secretary of Labor ("the Secretary") shall cooperate and consult with the heads of agencies in the legislative and judicial branches of the government to help them adopt safety and health programs.

1–201. The head of each agency shall:

(a) Furnish to employees places and conditions of employment that are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

(b) Operate an occupational safety and health program in accordance with the requirements of this order and basic program elements promulgated by the Secretary.

(c) Designate an agency official with sufficient authority to represent the interest and support of the agency head to be responsible for the management and administration of the agency occupational safety and health program.

(d) Comply with all standards issued under section 6 of the Act [29 U.S.C. 655], except where the Secretary approves compliance with alternative standards. When an agency head determines it necessary to apply a different standard, that agency head shall, after consultation with appropriate occupational safety and health committees where established, notify the Secretary and provide justification that equivalent or greater protection will be assured by the alternate standard.

(e) Assure prompt abatement of unsafe or unhealthy working conditions. Whenever an agency cannot promptly abate such conditions, it shall develop an abatement plan setting forth a timetable for abatement and a summary of interim steps to protect employees. Employees exposed to the conditions shall be informed of the provisions of the plan. When a hazard cannot be abated without assistance of the General Services Administration or other Federal lessor agency, an agency shall act with the lessor agency to secure abatement.

(f) Establish procedures to assure that no employee is subject to restraint, interference, coercion, discrimination or reprisal for filing a report of an unsafe or unhealthy working condition, or other participation in agency occupational safety and health program activities.

(g) Assure that periodic inspections of all agency workplaces are performed by personnel with equipment and competence to recognize hazards.

(h) Assure response to employee reports of hazardous conditions and require inspections within twenty-four hours for imminent dangers, three working days for potential serious conditions, and twenty working days for other conditions. Assure the right to anonymity of those making the reports.

(i) Assure that employee representatives accompany inspections of agency workplaces.

(j) Operate an occupational safety and health management information system, which shall include the maintenance of such records as the Secretary may require.

(k) Provide safety and health training for supervisory employees, employees responsible for conducting occupational safety and health inspections, all members of occupational safety and health committees where established, and other employees.

(l) Submit to the Secretary an annual report on the agency occupational safety and health program that includes information the Secretary prescribes.

1–301. Agency heads may establish occupational safety and health committees. If committees are established, they shall be established at both the national level and, for agencies with field or regional offices, other appropriate levels. The committees shall be composed of representatives of management and an equal number of nonmanagement employees or their representatives. Where there are exclusive bargaining representatives for employees at the national or other level in an agency, such representatives shall select the appropriate nonmanagement members of the committee.

1–302. The committees shall, except where prohibited by law,

(a) Have access to agency information relevant to their duties, including information on the nature and hazardousness of substances in agency workplaces.

(b) Monitor performance, including agency inspections, of the agency safety and health programs at the level they are established.

(c) Consult and advise the agency on the operation of the program.

1–303. A Committee may request the Secretary of Labor to conduct an evaluation or inspection pursuant to this order if half of a Committee is not substantially satisfied with an agency's response to a report of hazardous working conditions.

1–401. The Secretary of Labor shall:

(a) Provide leadership and guidance to the heads of agencies to assist them with their occupational safety and health responsibilities.

(b) Maintain liaison with the Office of Management and Budget in matters relating to this order and coordinate the activities of the Department with those of other agencies that have responsibilities or functions related to Federal employee safety and health, including the Office of Personnel Management, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the General Services Administration.

(c) Issue, subject to the approval of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and in consultation with the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, a set of basic program elements. The program elements shall help agency heads establish occupational safety and health committees and operate effective occupational safety and health programs, and shall provide flexibility to each agency head to implement a program consistent with its mission, size and organization. Upon request of an agency head, and after consultation with the Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, the Secretary may approve alternate program elements.

(d) Prescribe recordkeeping and reporting requirements.

(e) Assist agencies by providing training materials, and by conducting training programs upon request and with reimbursement.

(f) Facilitate the exchange of ideas and information throughout the government about occupational safety and health.

(g) Provide technical services to agencies upon request, where the Secretary deems necessary, and with reimbursement. These services may include studies of accidents, causes of injury and illness, identification of unsafe and unhealthful working conditions, and means to abate hazards.

(h) Evaluate the occupational safety and health programs of agencies and promptly submit reports to the agency heads. The evaluations shall be conducted through such scheduled headquarters or field reviews, studies or inspections as the Secretary deems necessary, at least annually for the larger or more hazardous agencies or operations, and as the Secretary deems appropriate for the smaller or less hazardous agencies.

(i) Conduct unannounced inspections of agency workplaces when the Secretary determines necessary if an agency does not have occupational safety and health committees; or in response to reports of unsafe or unhealthful working conditions, upon request of occupational safety and health committees under Section 1–3; or, in the case of a report of an imminent danger, when such a committee has not responded to an employee who has alleged to it that the agency has not adequately responded to a report as required in 1–201(h). When the Secretary or his designee performs an inspection and discovers unsafe or unhealthy conditions, a violation of any provisions of this order, or any safety or health standards adopted by an agency pursuant to this order, or any program element approved by the Secretary, he shall promptly issue a report to the head of the agency and to the appropriate occupational safety and health committee, if any. The report shall describe the nature of the findings and may make recommendations for correcting the violation.

(j) Submit to the President each year a summary report of the status of the occupational safety and health of Federal employees, and, together with agency responses, evaluations of individual agency progress and problems in correcting unsafe and unhealthful working conditions, and recommendations for improving their performance.

(k) Submit to the President unresolved disagreements between the Secretary and agency heads, with recommendations.

*(l) *Enter into agreements or other arrangements as necessary or appropriate with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and delegate to it the inspection and investigation authority provided under this section.

1–501. The Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health, established pursuant to Executive Order No. 11612, is continued. It shall advise the Secretary in carrying out responsibilities under this order. The Council shall consist of sixteen members appointed by the Secretary, of whom eight shall be representatives of Federal agencies and eight shall be representatives of labor organizations representing Federal employees. The members shall serve three-year terms with the terms of five or six members expiring each year, provided this Council is renewed every two years in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.]. The members currently serving on the Council shall be deemed to be its initial members under this order and their terms shall expire in accordance with the terms of their appointment.

1–502. The Secretary, or a designee, shall serve as the Chairman of the Council, and shall prescribe rules for the conduct of its business.

1–503. The Secretary shall make available necessary office space and furnish the Council necessary equipment, supplies, and staff services, and shall perform such functions with respect to the Council as may be required by the Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended ([former] 5 U.S.C. App.) [see 5 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.].

1–601. Within six months of the effective date of this order the Secretary of Labor and the Administrator of the General Services Administration shall initiate a study of conflicts that may exist in their standards and other requirements affecting Federal employee safety and health, and shall establish a procedure for resolving conflicting standards for space leased by the General Services Administration.

1–602. In order to assist the agencies in carrying out their duties under Section 19 of the Act [29 U.S.C. 668] and this order the Administrator shall:

(a) Upon request, require personnel of the General Services Administration to accompany the Secretary or an agency head on any inspection or investigation conducted pursuant to this order of a facility subject to the authority of the General Services Administration.

(b) Assure prompt attention to reports from agencies of unsafe or unhealthy conditions of facilities subject to the authority of the General Services Administration; where abatement cannot be promptly effected, submit to the agency head a timetable for action to correct the conditions; and give priority in the allocation of resources available to the Administrator for prompt abatement of the conditions.

(c) Procure and provide safe supplies, devices, and equipment, and establish and maintain a product safety program for those supplies, devices, equipment and services furnished to agencies, including the issuance of Material Safety Data Sheets when hazardous substances are furnished them.

1–701. Employees shall be authorized official time to participate in the activities provided for by this order.

1–702. Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or alter the powers and duties of the Secretary or heads of other Federal agencies pursuant to Section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 [29 U.S.C. 668]. Chapter 71 of Title 5 of the United States Code, Sections 7901, 7902, and 7903 of Title 5 of the United States Code, nor shall it be construed to alter any other provisions of law or Executive Order providing for collective bargaining agreements and related procedures, or affect the responsibilities of the Director of Central Intelligence to protect intelligence sources and methods ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403(d)(3)).

1–703. Executive Order No. 11807 of September 28, 1974, is revoked.

1–704. This order is effective October 1, 1980.

Ex. Ord. No. 12566, Sept. 26, 1986, 51 F.R. 34575, which related to safety belt use by Federal employees, was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 13043, §5, formerly §6, Apr. 16, 1997, 62 F.R. 19218, as renumbered by Ex. Ord. No. 13652, §5, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61818, set out as a note under section 402 of Title 23, Highways.

Term of Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health extended until Sept. 30, 2025, by Ex. Ord. No. 14109, Sept. 29, 2023, 88 F.R. 68447, set out as a note under section 1013 of this title.

Previous extensions of term of Federal Advisory Council on Occupational Safety and Health were contained in the following prior Executive Orders:

Ex. Ord. No. 14048, Sept. 30, 2021, 86 F.R. 55465, extended term until Sept. 30, 2023.

Ex. Ord. No. 13708, Sept. 30, 2015, 80 F.R. 60271, extended term until Sept. 30, 2017.

Ex. Ord. No. 13652, Sept. 30, 2013, 78 F.R. 61817, extended term until Sept. 30, 2015.

Ex. Ord. No. 13585, Sept. 30, 2011, 76 F.R. 62281, extended term until Sept. 30, 2013.

Ex. Ord. No. 13511, Sept. 29, 2009, 74 F.R. 50909, extended term until Sept. 30, 2011.

Ex. Ord. No. 13446, Sept. 28, 2007, 72 F.R. 56175, extended term until Sept. 30, 2009.

Ex. Ord. No. 13385, Sept. 29, 2005, 70 F.R. 57989, extended term until Sept. 30, 2007.

Ex. Ord. No. 13316, Sept. 17, 2003, 68 F.R. 55255, extended term until Sept. 30, 2005.

Ex. Ord. No. 13225, Sept. 28, 2001, 66 F.R. 50291, extended term until Sept. 30, 2003.

Ex. Ord. No. 13138, Sept. 30, 1999, 64 F.R. 53879, extended term until Sept. 30, 2001.

Ex. Ord. No. 13062, §1(b), Sept. 29, 1997, 62 F.R. 51755, extended term until Sept. 30, 1999.

Ex. Ord. No. 12974, Sept. 29, 1995, 60 F.R. 51875, extended term until Sept. 30, 1997.

Ex. Ord. No. 12869, Sept. 30, 1993, 58 F.R. 51751, extended term until Sept. 30, 1995.

Ex. Ord. No. 12774, Sept. 27, 1991, 56 F.R. 49835, extended term until Sept. 30, 1993.

Ex. Ord. No. 12692, Sept. 29, 1989, 54 F.R. 40627, extended term until Sept. 30, 1991.

Ex. Ord. No. 12610, Sept. 30, 1987, 52 F.R. 36901, extended term until Sept. 30, 1989.

Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319, extended term until Sept. 30, 1987.

Ex. Ord. No. 12489, Sept. 28, 1984, 49 F.R. 38927, extended term until Sept. 30, 1985.

Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379, extended term until Sept. 30, 1984.

Ex. Ord. No. 12258, Dec. 31, 1980, 46 F.R. 1251, extended term until Dec. 31, 1982.

Ex. Ord. No. 12110, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1069, extended term until Dec. 31, 1980.

Ex. Ord. No. 11948, Dec. 20, 1976, 41 F.R. 55705, extended term until Dec. 31, 1978.

Memorandum of President of the United States, July 19, 2010, 75 F.R. 43029, provided:

Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies

Each year Federal civilian employees are injured or fall ill on the job in significant numbers. Although the Federal Government has made progress in reducing workplace injuries and illnesses in recent years, its workers (excluding those employed by the U.S. Postal Service) still filed more than 79,000 new claims and received over $1.6 billion in workers' compensation payments in fiscal year 2009. Many of these work-related injuries and illnesses are preventable, and executive departments and agencies can and should do even more to improve workplace safety and health, reduce the financial burden of injury on taxpayers, and relieve unnecessary suffering by workers and their families.

Therefore, I am establishing a 4-year Protecting Our Workers and Ensuring Reemployment (POWER) Initiative, covering fiscal years 2011 through 2014. The POWER Initiative will extend prior workplace safety and health efforts of the Federal Government by setting more aggressive performance targets, encouraging the collection and analysis of data on the causes and consequences of frequent or severe injury and illness, and prioritizing safety and health management programs that have proven effective in the past.

Under the POWER Initiative, each executive department and agency will be expected to improve its performance in seven areas:

(i) reducing total injury and illness case rates;

(ii) reducing lost time injury and illness case rates;

(iii) analyzing lost time injury and illness data;

(iv) increasing the timely filing of workers' compensation claims;

(v) increasing the timely filing of wage-loss claims;

(vi) reducing lost production day rates; and

(vii) speeding employees' return to work in cases of serious injury or illness.

Executive departments and agencies (except the U.S. Postal Service) shall coordinate with the Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Office of Workers' Compensation Programs to establish performance targets in each category. The Secretary of Labor shall lead the POWER Initiative by measuring both Government-wide and agency-level performance and reporting to me annually.

Each executive department and agency shall bear its own costs for participating in the POWER Initiative, and nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof.

This memorandum is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

The Secretary of Labor is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.

Barack Obama.

Appropriations available for the procurement of supplies and material or equipment are available for the purchase and maintenance of special clothing and equipment for the protection of personnel in the performance of their assigned tasks. For the purpose of this section, "appropriations" includes funds made available by statute under section 9104 of title 31.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 531; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(16), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 118g. | Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, §13, 60 Stat. 809. |


The definition of the word "appropriations" is added on authority of section 18 of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, 60 Stat. 811.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 9104" for "section 849".

(a) The head of each Executive agency shall, in a manner consistent with guidelines prescribed under subsection (b) of this section and applicable provisions of law, establish appropriate prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation programs and services for drug abuse and alcohol abuse for employees in or under such agency.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall, after such consultations as the Office considers appropriate, prescribe guidelines for programs and services under this section.

(c) The Secretary of Health and Human Services, on request of the head of an Executive agency, shall review any program or service provided under this section and shall submit comments and recommendations to the head of the agency concerned.

(Added Pub. L. 99–570, title VI, §6004(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–159.)

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "employee" means an employee as defined by section 2105, a member of a uniformed service, and a student who provides voluntary services under section 3111;

(2) the term "agency" means—

(A) an Executive agency;

(B) an entity of the legislative branch; and

(C) the judicial branch;

(3) the term "entity of the legislative branch" means the House of Representatives, the Senate, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol (including the Botanic Garden), the Capitol Police, the Congressional Budget Office, the Copyright Royalty Tribunal, the Government Publishing Office, the Library of Congress, and the Office of Technology Assessment; and

(4) the term "transit pass" means a transit pass as defined by section 132(f)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(b)(1) The head of each agency may establish a program to encourage employees of such agency to use means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles to commute to or from work.

(2) A program established under this section may involve such options as—

(A) transit passes (including cash reimbursements therefor, but only if a voucher or similar item which may be exchanged only for a transit pass is not readily available for direct distribution by the agency);

(B) furnishing space, facilities, or services to bicyclists; and

(C) any non-monetary incentive which the agency head may otherwise offer under any other provision of law or other authority.

(c) The functions of an agency head under this section shall—

(1) with respect to the judicial branch, be carried out by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts;

(2) with respect to the House of Representatives, be carried out by the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives; and

(3) with respect to the Senate, be carried out by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.

(d) The President shall designate 1 or more agencies which shall—

(1) prescribe guidelines for programs under this section;

(2) on request, furnish information or technical advice on the design or operation of any program under this section; and

(3) submit to the President and the Congress, before January 1, 1995, and at least every 2 years thereafter, a written report on the operation of this section, including, with respect to the period covered by the report—

(A) the number of agencies offering programs under this section;

(B) a brief description of each of the various programs;

(C) the extent of employee participation in, and the costs to the Government associated with, each of the various programs;

(D) an assessment of any environmental or other benefits realized as a result of programs established under this section; and

(E) any other matter which may be appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 103–172, §2(a), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1995; amended Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1314(a), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537.)

Section 132(f)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is classified to section 132(f)(5) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–296 substituted ", a member of a uniformed service, and a student who provides voluntary services under section 3111" for "and a member of a uniformed service".

"Government Publishing Office" substituted for "Government Printing Office" in subsec. (a)(3) on authority of section 1301(b) of Pub. L. 113–235, set out as a note preceding section 301 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 103–172, §3, Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1997, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 7901 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect on January 1, 1994."

Pub. L. 111–8, div. F, title I, §104, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 761, provided that: "After September 30, 2008, the Secretary of Labor shall issue a monthly transit subsidy of not less than the full amount (of not less than $115) that each of its employees of the National Capital Region is eligible to receive."

Pub. L. 110–161, div. G, title I, §104, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2167, provided that: "After September 30, 2007, the Secretary of Labor shall issue a monthly transit subsidy of not less than the full amount (of not less than $110) that each of its employees of the National Capital Region is eligible to receive."

Pub. L. 109–59, title III, §3049(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1711, as amended by Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(f), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3242, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) the term 'covered agency' means any agency, to the extent of its facilities in the National Capital Region;

"(B) the term 'agency' means any agency (as defined by 7905(a)(2) of title 5, United States Code), the Postal Regulatory Commission, and the Smithsonian Institution;

"(C) the term 'National Capital Region' includes the District of Columbia and every county or other geographic area covered by section 2 of Executive Order No. 13150;

"(D) the term 'Executive Order No. 13150' refers to Executive Order No. 13150 (5 U.S.C. 7905 note);

"(E) the term 'Federal agency' is used in the same way as under section 2 of Executive Order No. 13150; and

"(F) any determination as to whether or not one is a 'qualified Federal employee' shall be made applying the same criteria as would apply under section 2 of Executive Order No. 13150.

"(4)

"(A) terminate any program or benefits in existence on the date of the enactment of this Act, or postpone any plans to implement (before the effective date referred to in paragraph (1)) any program or benefits permitted or required under any other provision of law; or

"(B) discontinue (on or after the effective date referred to in paragraph (1)) any program or benefits referred to in subparagraph (A), so long as such program or benefits satisfy the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (3)."

Pub. L. 107–68, title I, §112, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 569, authorized an employing office of an employee of the Senate to provide a monthly transportation subsidy to such employee up to the maximum monthly amount authorized under section 132(f)(2)(A) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(f) [title II, §210], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–337, 2681–359, provided that: "Funds appropriated in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts, for the National Institutes of Health may be used to provide transit subsidies in amounts consistent with the transportation subsidy programs authorized under section 629 of Public Law 101–509 [see note preceding section 7901 of this title] to non-FTE bearing positions including trainees, visiting fellows and volunteers."

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriations act:

Pub. L. 105–78, title II, §210, Nov. 13, 1997, 111 Stat. 1489.

Pub. L. 103–172, §1(b), Dec. 2, 1993, 107 Stat. 1995, provided that: "The purpose of this Act [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 7901 of this title] is to improve air quality and to reduce traffic congestion by providing for the establishment of programs to encourage Federal employees to commute by means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles."

Ex. Ord. No. 13150, Apr. 21, 2000, 65 F.R. 24613, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178) [see Tables for classification], section 1911 of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–486) [amending section 132 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code], section 531(a)(1) of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984 (26 U.S.C. 132), and the Federal Employees Clean Air Incentives Act (Public Law 103–172) [enacting this section and provisions set out as notes above], and in order to reduce Federal employees' contribution to traffic congestion and air pollution and to expand their commuting alternatives, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Mass Transportation and Vanpool Transportation Fringe Benefit Program*. (a) By no later than October 1, 2000, Federal agencies shall implement a transportation fringe benefit program that offers qualified Federal employees the option to exclude from taxable wages and compensation, consistent with section 132 of title 26, United States Code, employee commuting costs incurred through the use of mass transportation and vanpools, not to exceed the maximum level allowed by law (26 U.S.C. 132 (f)(2)). These agency programs shall comply with the requirements of Internal Revenue Service regulations for qualified transportation fringe benefits under section 1.132–9 of title 26, Code of Federal Regulations, and other guidance.

(b) Federal agencies are encouraged to use any nonmonetary incentive that the agencies may otherwise offer under any other provision of law or other authority to encourage mass transportation and vanpool use, as provided for in section 7905(b)(2)(C) of title 5, United States Code.

*Federal Agencies in the National Capital Region*. Federal agencies in the National Capital Region shall implement a "transit pass" transportation fringe benefit program for their qualified Federal employees by no later than October 1, 2000. Under this program, agencies shall provide their qualified Federal employees, in addition to current compensation, transit passes as defined in section 132(f)(5) of title 26, United States Code, in amounts approximately equal to employee commuting costs, not to exceed the maximum level allowed by law (26 U.S.C. 132(f)(2)). The National Capital Region is defined as the District of Columbia; Montgomery, Prince George's, and Frederick Counties in Maryland; Arlington, Fairfax, Loudon, and Prince William Counties in Virginia; and all cities now or hereafter existing in Maryland or Virginia within the geographic area bounded by the outer boundaries of the combined area of said counties.

*Nationwide Pilot Program*. The Department of Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Energy shall implement a "transit pass" transportation fringe benefit program, as described in section 2 of this order, for all of their qualified Federal employees as a 3 year pilot program by no later than October 1, 2000. Before determining whether the program should be extended to other Federal employees nationwide, it shall be analyzed by an entity determined by the agencies identified in section 4 of this order to ascertain, among other things, if it is effective in reducing single occupancy vehicle travel and local area traffic congestion.

*Guidance*. Federal agencies shall develop plans to implement this order in consultation with the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Office of Personnel Management, the General Services Administration, and the Office of Management and Budget. Federal agencies that currently have more generous programs or benefits in place may continue to offer those programs or benefits. Agencies shall absorb the costs of implementing this order within the sums received pursuant to the President's FY 2001 budget request to the Congress.

*Judicial Review*. This order is not intended to and does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party against the United States, its agencies or instrumentalities, its officers or employees, or any other person.

William J. Clinton.

(a)

(1) the terms "employee", "agency",1 "injury", "war-risk hazard", and "hostile force or individual" have the meanings given those terms in section 8101; and

(2) the term "qualified employee" means an employee as described in subsection (b).

(b)

(c)

(1) acting as the main point of contact for qualified employees seeking administrative guidance or assistance relating to benefits under chapter 81 or 89;

(2) assisting qualified employees in the collection of documentation or other supporting evidence for the expeditious processing of claims under chapter 81 or 89;

(3) assisting qualified employees in connection with the receipt of prescribed medical care and the coordination of benefits under chapter 81 or 89;

(4) resolving problems relating to the receipt of benefits under chapter 81 or 89; and

(5) ensuring that qualified employees are properly screened and receive appropriate treatment—

(A) for post-traumatic stress disorder or other similar disorder stemming from combat trauma; or

(B) for suicidal or homicidal thoughts or behaviors.

(d)

(1) such employee accepts or declines a reasonable offer of employment in a position in the employee's agency for which the employee is qualified, which is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level) before the occurrence or onset of the injury, disability, or illness (as referred to in subsection (a)), and which is within the employee's commuting area; or

(2) such employee gives written notice, in such manner as the employing agency prescribes, that those services are no longer desired or necessary.

(Added Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1106(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1613.)

1 So in original. The definition of "agency" does not appear in section 8101 of this title.





**2022**—Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(1)(B), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3253, which directed amendment of the analysis for subchapter I of this chapter by adding item 8143b, was executed by adding item 8143b to the analysis for this chapter to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1105(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 349, added item 8102a.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1102(b)(3)(B), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 723, added item 8152.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–333, title I, §101(a)(2), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2547, added item 8148.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(12), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 499, substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone" in item 8146.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416, §§12(b), 23(a), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1146, 1150, substituted "Notice of injury or death" for "Notice of injury; failure to give" in item 8119, and added item 8151.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–291, §1(b), Apr. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 100, added subchapter III consisting of items 8191, 8192, and 8193.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–83, §1(59), (66)(B), (67)(B), (70), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 211, 212, 213, inserted "; hearings" in item 8124, added item 8143a relating to members of the National Teachers Corps and item 8146a relating to cost-of-living adjustment of compensation, and struck out item 8148 relating to reports.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) a civil officer or employee in any branch of the Government of the United States, including an officer or employee of an instrumentality wholly owned by the United States;

(B) an individual rendering personal service to the United States similar to the service of a civil officer or employee of the United States, without pay or for nominal pay, when a statute authorizes the acceptance or use of the service, or authorizes payment of travel or other expenses of the individual;

(C) an individual, other than an independent contractor or an individual employed by an independent contractor, employed on the Menominee Indian Reservation in Wisconsin in operations conducted under a statute relating to tribal timber and logging operations on that reservation;

(D) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;

(E) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838);

(F) an individual selected pursuant to chapter 121 of title 28, and serving as a petit or grand juror; and

(G) an individual who is a System member of the National Urban Search and Rescue Response System during a period of appointment into Federal service pursuant to section 327 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act;

but does not include—

(i) a commissioned officer of the Regular Corps of the Public Health Service;

(ii) a commissioned officer of the Reserve Corps 1 of the Public Health Service on active duty;

(iii) a commissioned officer of the Environmental Science Services Administration; or

(iv) a member of the Metropolitan Police or the Fire Department of the District of Columbia who is pensioned or pensionable under sections 521–535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code; and

(2) "physician" includes surgeons, podiatrists, dentists, clinical psychologists, optometrists, chiropractors, and osteopathic practitioners within the scope of their practice as defined by State law. The term "physician" includes chiropractors only to the extent that their reimbursable services are limited to treatment consisting of manual manipulation of the spine to correct a subluxation as demonstrated by X-ray to exist, and subject to regulation by the Secretary;

(3) "medical, surgical, and hospital services and supplies" includes services and supplies by podiatrists, dentists, clinical psychologists, optometrists, chiropractors, osteopathic practitioners and hospitals within the scope of their practice as defined by State law. Reimbursable chiropractic services are limited to treatment consisting of manual manipulation of the spine to correct a subluxation as demonstrated by X-ray to exist, and subject to regulation by the Secretary;

(4) "monthly pay" means the monthly pay at the time of injury, or the monthly pay at the time disability begins, or the monthly pay at the time compensable disability recurs, if the recurrence begins more than 6 months after the injured employee resumes regular full-time employment with the United States, whichever is greater, except when otherwise determined under section 8113 of this title with respect to any period;

(5) "injury" includes, in addition to injury by accident, a disease proximately caused by the employment, and damage to or destruction of medical braces, artificial limbs, and other prosthetic devices which shall be replaced or repaired, and such time lost while such device or appliance is being replaced or repaired; except that eyeglasses and hearing aids would not be replaced, repaired, or otherwise compensated for, unless the damages or destruction is incident to a personal injury requiring medical services;

(6) "widow" means the wife living with or dependent for support on the decedent at the time of his death, or living apart for reasonable cause or because of his desertion;

(7) "parent" includes stepparents and parents by adoption;

(8) "brother" and "sister" mean one who at the time of the death of the employee is under 18 years of age or over that age and incapable of self-support, and include stepbrothers and stepsisters, half brothers and half sisters, and brothers and sisters by adoption, but do not include married brothers or married sisters;

(9) "child" means one who at the time of the death of the employee is under 18 years of age or over that age and incapable of self-support, and includes stepchildren, adopted children, and posthumous children, but does not include married children;

(10) "grandchild" means one who at the time of the death of the employee is under 18 years of age or over that age and incapable of self-support;

(11) "widower" means the husband living with or dependent for support on the decedent at the time of her death, or living apart for reasonable cause or because of her desertion;

(12) "compensation" includes the money allowance payable to an employee or his dependents and any other benefits paid for from the Employees' Compensation Fund, but this does not in any way reduce the amount of the monthly compensation payable for disability or death;

(13) "war-risk hazard" means a hazard arising during a war in which the United States is engaged; during an armed conflict in which the United States is engaged, whether or not war has been declared; or during a war or armed conflict between military forces of any origin, occurring in the country in which an individual to whom this subchapter applies is serving; from—

(A) the discharge of a missile, including liquids and gas, or the use of a weapon, explosive, or other noxious thing by a hostile force or individual or in combating an attack or an imagined attack by a hostile force or individual;

(B) action of a hostile force or individual, including rebellion or insurrection against the United States or any of its allies;

(C) the discharge or explosion of munitions intended for use in connection with a war or armed conflict with a hostile force or individual;

(D) the collision of vessels on convoy or the operation of vessels or aircraft without running lights or without other customary peacetime aids to navigation; or

(E) the operation of vessels or aircraft in a zone of hostilities or engaged in war activities;

(14) "hostile force or individual" means a nation, a subject of a foreign nation, or an individual serving a foreign nation—

(A) engaged in a war against the United States or any of its allies;

(B) engaged in armed conflict, whether or not war has been declared, against the United States or any of its allies; or

(C) engaged in a war or armed conflict between military forces of any origin in a country in which an individual to whom this subchapter applies is serving;

(15) "allies" means any nation with which the United States is engaged in a common military effort or with which the United States has entered into a common defensive military alliance;

(16) "war activities" includes activities directly relating to military operations;

(17) "student" means an individual under 23 years of age who has not completed 4 years of education beyond the high school level and who is regularly pursuing a full-time course of study or training at an institution which is—

(A) a school or college or university operated or directly supported by the United States, or by a State or local government or political subdivision thereof;

(B) a school or college or university which has been accredited by a State or by a State-recognized or nationally recognized accrediting agency or body;

(C) a school or college or university not so accredited but whose credits are accepted, on transfer, by at least three institutions which are so accredited, for credit on the same basis as if transferred from an institution so accredited; or

(D) an additional type of educational or training institution as defined by the Secretary of Labor.

Such an individual is deemed not to have ceased to be a student during an interim between school years if the interim is not more than 4 months and if he shows to the satisfaction of the Secretary that he has a bona fide intention of continuing to pursue a full-time course of study or training during the semester or other enrollment period immediately after the interim or during periods of reasonable duration during which, in the judgment of the Secretary, he is prevented by factors beyond his control from pursuing his education. A student whose 23rd birthday occurs during a semester or other enrollment period is deemed a student until the end of the semester or other enrollment period;

(18) "price index" means the Consumer Price Index (all items—United States city average) published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics; and

(19) "organ" means a part of the body that performs a special function, and for purposes of this subchapter excludes the brain, heart, and back; and

(20) "United States medical officers and hospitals" includes medical officers and hospitals of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Department of Veterans Affairs, and United States Public Health Service, and any other medical officer or hospital designated as a United States medical officer or hospital by the Secretary of Labor.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 532; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(4), (48), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196, 209; Pub. L. 93–416, §1, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1143; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §421(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2608; Pub. L. 97–463, §4, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2532; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 114–326, §2(b)(1), Dec. 16, 2016, 130 Stat. 1972.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(1)–(5), (12)–(16) | 5 U.S.C. 790. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §40, 39 Stat. 750. June 5, 1924, ch. 261, §2, 43 Stat. 389. |

May 31, 1938, ch. 293, 52 Stat. 586. | ||

Apr. 11, 1940, ch. 79, §1, 54 Stat. 105. | ||

July 1, 1944, ch. 373, §605(b), 58 Stat. 712. | ||

Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 958, §5, 60 Stat. 1049. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §108, 63 Stat. 860. | ||

July 30, 1956, ch. 779, §3(b), 70 Stat. 721. | ||

Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837, §501(e), 70 Stat. 883. | ||

Aug. 8, 1958, Pub. L. 85–608, §302, 72 Stat. 539. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §208, 74 Stat. 908. | ||

Sept. 4, 1964, Pub. L. 88–581, §4(b), 78 Stat. 919. | ||

5 U.S.C. 794 (1st sentence). | July 11, 1919, ch. 7, §11 (1st sentence), 41 Stat. 104. | |

[Uncodified]. | Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–745, §1(b) (last sentence, as applicable to the Federal Employees' Compensation Act), 72 Stat. 838. | |

(6)–(10) | 5 U.S.C. 760(H). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §10(H), 39 Stat. 745. |

Feb. 12, 1927, ch. 110, §2, 44 Stat. 1087. | ||

(11) | 5 U.S.C. 760(B) (last 23 words of 1st sentence). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §10(B) (last 15 words of 1st sentence), 39 Stat. 744. |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §106(c) "(B) (last 23 words of 1st sentence)", 63 Stat. 859. |


Former section 790(a) is omitted as unnecessary in view of section 1 of title 1, United States Code.

Former section 790(c) is omitted as unnecessary as the term "commission" is not used in this subchapter.

Former section 790(i) is omitted as unnecessary as the title "Secretary of Labor" (substituted for "Federal Security Administrator" by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1271) is fully set out the first time it is used in each section.

In paragraph (1)(B), the words "to the United States" are substituted for "to any department, independent establishment, or agency thereof (including instrumentalities of the United States wholly owned by it)".

In paragraph (1)(C), the words "subsequent to September 7, 1916" are omitted as obsolete.

In paragraph (1)(iv), the words "under sections 521–535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for "under the provisions of the District of Columbia Appropriation Act approved September 1, 1916".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8101(17) 8101(18) 8101(19) |
5 App.: 760(M). 5 App.: 793a(c)(1). 5 App.: 793a(c)(2). |
July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §§7(c), 14 "Sec. 43(c)", 80 Stat. 254, 256. |


Paragraph (17) is reorganized and restated for clarity and to conform to the style of title 5, United States Code. In clause (D), the words "Secretary of Labor" are substituted for "Secretary" on authority of section 40(i) of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act.

In paragraph (19), the words "July 1966 and each later month" are substituted for "the month this section becomes effective and each month thereafter". The words "section 8146a of this title" are substituted for "this section" to reflect the codification of section 43 in title 5.

Act of August 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 838, referred to in par. (1)(E), is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Section 327 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in par. (1)(G), is classified to section 5165f of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**2016**—Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 114–326, §2(b)(1)(A), struck out "and" after semicolon at end.

Par. (1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 114–326, §2(b)(1)(B)–(D), transferred subpar. (F) and inserted it between subpar. (E) and concluding provisions, struck out "United States Code," after "title 28," in subpar. (F), and added subpar. (G) after subpar. (F).

**1991**—Par. (20). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

**1983**—Par. (1)(F). Pub. L. 97–463 substituted "grand juror;" for "grand juror and who is otherwise an employee for the purposes of this subchapter as defined by paragraph (A), (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this subsection."

**1980**—Pars. (19) to (21). Pub. L. 96–499 struck out par. (19) which defined "base month" as the month of July 1966 and each later month which was used as a basis for calculating an increase under section 8146a of this title, and redesignated pars. (20) and (21) as (19) and (20), respectively.

**1974**—Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(g), struck out "and" after the semicolon.

Par. (1)(F). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(a), added par. (1)(F).

Par. (2). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(b), expanded definition of "physician" to include podiatrists, dentists, clinical psychologists, optometrists, and chiropractors and inserted provision limiting the extent to which chiropractors are included.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(c), included within "medical, surgical, and hospital services and supplies" those supplied by podiatrists, dentists, clinical psychologists, optometrists, and chiropractors and limited the reimbursable services of chiropractors.

Par. (5). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(d), added to definition of "injury" damage to or destruction of medical braces, artificial limbs, and other prosthetic devices and excepted eyeglasses and hearing aids unless damage or destruction is incidental to a personal injury requiring medical services.

Par. (11). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(e), substituted "the husband living with or dependent for support on the decedent at the time of her death, or living apart for reasonable cause because of her desertion" for "one who, because of physical or mental disability, was wholly dependent for support on the employee at the time of her death" as definition of "widower".

Pars. (20), (21). Pub. L. 93–416, §1(f), added pars. (20) and (21).

**1967**—Par. (1)(iii). Pub. L. 90–83, §1(4), substituted "Environmental Science Services Administration" for "Coast and Geodetic Survey". See Historical and Revision Notes under section 2101 of this title.

Reference to Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service deemed to be a reference to the Ready Reserve Corps, see section 204(c)(3) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §422, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2608, provided that: "The amendments made by section 421 [amending this section and section 8146a of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980] with respect to any adjustments which are to be made on or after that date; except that the period specified in such section as extending from December to December shall, with respect to the adjustment to be made on March 1, 1981, extend instead from the last month in which the price index resulted in an adjustment prior to enactment to December of 1980."

Pub. L. 93–416, §28(a), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1151, provided that: "Except as otherwise provided by this section this Act [enacting section 8151 of this title, amending this section and sections 8103, 8104, 8107, 8110, 8111, 8113, 8116, 8117, 8118, 8119, 8121, 8122, 8132, 8135, 8142, 8143, 8146a of this title, repealing section 3315a of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8116 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment [Sept. 7, 1974] and be applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after such effective date [Sept. 7, 1974]. The amendments made by sections 1(b) and (c) [amending this section], 2 [amending section 8103 of this title], 3 [amending section 8104 of this title], 7(a) and (b) [amending section 8111 of this title], 8(a) [amending section 8113 of this title], 8(b) [amending section 8143 of this title], 9 [amending section 8116 of this title], 16(a) [amending section 8133 of this title], 16(b) [amending section 8135 of this title], 17 [amending section 8133 of this title], 19 [amending section 8135 of this title], 20 [amending section 8135 of this title], 21 [amending section 8146a of this title], 22 [enacting section 8151 of this title], 24 [amending section 8146a of this title], and 25 [amending section 8147 of this title], shall be applicable to cases where the injury or death occurred prior to the date of enactment [Sept. 7, 1974] but the provisions of these sections shall be applicable only to a period beginning on or after the date of enactment [Sept. 7, 1974]."

Pub. L. 101–534, §1, Nov. 7, 1990, 104 Stat. 2352, provided that: "This Act [amending section 8111 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8111 of this title] may be cited as the 'Attendant Allowance Adjustment Act'."

Pub. L. 117–2, title IV, §4016, Mar. 11, 2021, 135 Stat. 80, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A)

"(i) who is an employee under section 8101(1) of title 5, United States Code, employed in the Federal service at anytime during the period beginning on January 27, 2020, and ending on January 27, 2023;

"(ii) who is diagnosed with COVID–19 during such period; and

"(iii) who, during a covered exposure period prior to such diagnosis, carries out duties that—

"(I) require contact with patients, members of the public, or co-workers; or

"(II) include a risk of exposure to the novel coronavirus.

"(B)

"(2)

"(3)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) may be paid from the Employees' Compensation Fund; and

"(B) shall not be subject to the fair share provision in section 8147(c) of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 93–198, title II, §204(e), Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 783, provided that: "All functions of the Secretary under chapter 81 of title 5 of the United States Code, with respect to the processing of claims filed by employees of the government of the District for compensation for work injuries, are transferred to and shall be exercised by the Commissioner, effective the day after the day on which the District establishes an independent personnel system or systems." An independent personnel system was established for the District by D.C. Law 2–139, Mar. 3, 1979, 25 DCR 5740.

Pub. L. 93–416, §27, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1150, directed Secretary of Labor to conduct a study of the provisions of this subchapter and its programs which was to include: hearings, research, and other activities necessary to formulate recommendations; an examination of need for authority to increase allowances for services of attendants above the maximum fixed by section 8111 of this title in exceptional circumstances; an examination of the effectiveness of this subchapter; and recommendations as to survivor benefits; report results of the study together with his findings and recommendations not later than 12 months after Sept. 7, 1974.

Environmental Science Services Administration in Department of Commerce, including offices of Administrator and Deputy Administrator thereof, abolished by Reorg. Plan No. 4 of 1970, eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090, set out in the Appendix to this title, which created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Department of Commerce and transferred personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of funds of Environmental Science Services Administration to such newly created National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Components of Environmental Science Services Administration thus transferred included Weather Bureau [now National Weather Service], Coast and Geodetic Survey [now National Ocean Survey], Environmental Data Services, National Environmental Satellite Center, and ESSA Research Laboratories.

Functions of Public Health Service, Surgeon General of Public Health Service, and all other officers and employees of Public Health Service, and functions of all agencies of or in Public Health Service, transferred to Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare by 1966 Reorg. Plan No. 3, 31 F.R. 8855, 80 Stat. 1610, effective June 25, 1966, set out in the Appendix to this title. Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated Secretary of Health and Human Services by section 3508 of Title 20, Education.

1 See Change of Name note below.

(a) The United States shall pay compensation as specified by this subchapter for the disability or death of an employee resulting from personal injury sustained while in the performance of his duty, unless the injury or death is—

(1) caused by willful misconduct of the employee;

(2) caused by the employee's intention to bring about the injury or death of himself or of another; or

(3) proximately caused by the intoxication of the injured employee.

(b) Disability or death from a war-risk hazard or during or as a result of capture, detention, or other restraint by a hostile force or individual, suffered by an employee who is employed outside the continental United States or in Alaska or in the areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979), is deemed to have resulted from personal injury sustained while in the performance of his duty, whether or not the employee was engaged in the course of employment when the disability or disability resulting in death occurred or when he was taken by the hostile force or individual. This subsection does not apply to an individual—

(1) whose residence is at or in the vicinity of the place of his employment and who was not living there solely because of the exigencies of his employment, unless he was injured or taken while engaged in the course of his employment; or

(2) who is a prisoner of war or a protected individual under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and is detained or utilized by the United States.

This subsection does not affect the payment of compensation under this subchapter derived otherwise than under this subsection, but compensation for disability or death does not accrue for a period for which pay, other benefit, or gratuity from the United States accrues to the disabled individual or his dependents on account of detention by the enemy or because of the same disability or death, unless that pay, benefit, or gratuity is refunded or renounced.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 534; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1231(d), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 470.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 751. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §1, 39 Stat. 742. Aug. 8, 1958, Pub. L. 85–608, §301, 72 Stat. 538. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 3602(a) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–70 substituted "areas and installations in the Republic of Panama made available to the United States pursuant to the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements (as described in section 3(a) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979)" for "Canal Zone".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1) Subject to paragraph (5), a death gratuity payable upon the death of a person covered by subsection (a) shall be paid to or for the living survivor highest on the following list:

(A) The employee's surviving spouse.

(B) The employee's children, as prescribed by paragraph (2), in equal shares.

(C) If designated by the employee, any one or more of the following persons:

(i) The employee's parents or persons in loco parentis, as prescribed by paragraph (3).

(ii) The employee's brothers.

(iii) The employee's sisters.

(D) The employee's parents or persons in loco parentis, as prescribed by paragraph (3), in equal shares.

(E) The employee's brothers and sisters in equal shares.

Subparagraphs (C) and (E) of this paragraph include brothers and sisters of the half blood and those through adoption.

(2) Paragraph (1)(B) applies, without regard to age or marital status, to—

(A) legitimate children;

(B) adopted children;

(C) stepchildren who were a part of the decedent's household at the time of death;

(D) illegitimate children of a female decedent; and

(E) illegitimate children of a male decedent—

(i) who have been acknowledged in writing signed by the decedent;

(ii) who have been judicially determined, before the decedent's death, to be his children;

(iii) who have been otherwise proved, by evidence satisfactory to the employing agency, to be children of the decedent; or

(iv) to whose support the decedent had been judicially ordered to contribute.

(3) Subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (1), so far as they apply to parents and persons in loco parentis, include fathers and mothers through adoption, and persons who stood in loco parentis to the decedent for a period of not less than one year at any time before the decedent became an employee. However, only one father and one mother, or their counterparts in loco parentis, may be recognized in any case, and preference shall be given to those who exercised a parental relationship on the date, or most nearly before the date, on which the decedent became an employee.

(4) A person covered by this section may designate another person to receive an amount payable under this section. The designation shall indicate the percentage of the amount, to be specified only in 10 percent increments, that the designated person may receive. The balance of the amount of the death gratuity shall be paid to or for the living survivors of the person concerned in accordance with subparagraphs (A) through (E) of paragraph (1).

(5) If a person entitled to all or a portion of a death gratuity under paragraph (1) or (4) dies before the person receives the death gratuity, it shall be paid to the living survivor next in the order prescribed by paragraph (1).

(6) If a person covered by this section has a spouse, but designates a person other than the spouse to receive all or a portion of the amount payable under this section, the head of the agency, or other entity, in which that person is employed shall provide notice of the designation to the spouse.

(e)

(2) The term "employee" has the meaning provided in section 8101 of this title, but also includes a nonappropriated fund instrumentality employee, as defined in section 1587(a)(1) of title 10.

(Added Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1105(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 347; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1121(a)(1), (b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1616.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–181, which was approved Jan. 28, 2008.

Section 413 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 3973 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 1603 of the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006, referred to in subsec. (c), is section 1603 of Pub. L. 109–234, title I, June 15, 2006, 120 Stat. 443, which is not classified to the Code.

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (d)(4), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–181, which was approved Jan. 28, 2008.

**2011**—Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 112–81, §1121(a)(1), substituted "A person covered by this section may designate another person to receive an amount payable under this section." for "Beginning on the date of the enactment of this paragraph, a person covered by this section may designate another person to receive not more than 50 percent of the amount payable under this section." and struck out "up to the maximum of 50 percent" after "increments".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 112–81, §1121(b), added par. (6).

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1121(a)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1616, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 31, 2011] and apply to the payment of a death gratuity based on any death occurring on or after that date."

(a) The United States shall furnish to an employee who is injured while in the performance of duty, the services, appliances, and supplies prescribed or recommended by a qualified physician, which the Secretary of Labor considers likely to cure, give relief, reduce the degree or the period of disability, or aid in lessening the amount of the monthly compensation. These services, appliances, and supplies shall be furnished—

(1) whether or not disability has arisen;

(2) notwithstanding that the employee has accepted or is entitled to receive benefits under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title or another retirement system for employees of the Government; and

(3) by or on the order of United States medical officers and hospitals, or, at the employee's option, by or on the order of physicians and hospitals designated or approved by the Secretary.

The employee may initially select a physician to provide medical services, appliances, and supplies, in accordance with such regulations and instructions as the Secretary considers necessary, and may be furnished necessary and reasonable transportation and expenses incident to the securing of such services, appliances, and supplies. These expenses, when authorized or approved by the Secretary, shall be paid from the Employees' Compensation Fund.

(b) The Secretary, under such limitations or conditions as he considers necessary, may authorize the employing agencies to provide for the initial furnishing of medical and other benefits under this section. The Secretary may certify vouchers for these expenses out of the Employees' Compensation Fund when the immediate superior of the employee certifies that the expense was incurred in respect to an injury which was accepted by the employing agency as probably compensable under this subchapter. The Secretary shall prescribe the form and content of the certificate.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(49), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 209; Pub. L. 93–416, §2, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1144.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 759(a). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §9, 39 Stat. 743. | |

June 26, 1926, ch. 695, §1, 44 Stat. 772. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §202(b), 63 Stat. 862. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §203, 74 Stat. 907. |


In subsection (b), the words "when the immediate superior of the employee certifies" are substituted for "upon certification by the person required by section 774 of this title to make reports of injury".

The last sentence of former section 759(a) is omitted as executed.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8103(a)(2) | 5 App.: 759(a). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §5(b), 80 Stat. 253. |


The words "another retirement system for employees of the Government" are substituted for "any other Federal Act or program providing retirement benefits for employees".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416 substituted "at the employee's option" for "when this is not practicable", struck out "private" before "physicians and hospitals" in par. (3), and, in provision following par. (3), added authorization for the employee to initially select a physician in accordance with such regulations and instructions considered necessary by the Secretary.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–83, §7, Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that: "Nothing in this or any other Act makes the increases authorized by section 1(49)—(52) [amending this section and sections 8107, 8108, and 8109 of this title], 53(B) and (C) [amending section 8110 of this title], (54)—(58) [amending section 8111, 8112, 8116, 8122, and 8124 of this title], (60) [amending section 8131 of this title], (61) [amending section 8132 of this title], (62) (B) [amending section 8133(e) of this title], (63) [amending section 8135 of this title], (67) [adding section 8146a of this title], (68) [amending section 8147 of this title], and (71) [amending section 8149 of this title] of this Act applicable to—

"(1) an employee or individual not within the definition of 'employee' in section 8101(1)(A), (B), or (D) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) a member of the Metropolitan Police or the Fire Department of the District of Columbia who is pensioned or pensionable under sections 521—535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code; or

"(3) a member of a uniformed service."

(a) The Secretary of Labor may direct a permanently disabled individual whose disability is compensable under this subchapter to undergo vocational rehabilitation. The Secretary shall provide for furnishing the vocational rehabilitation services. In providing for these services, the Secretary, insofar as practicable, shall use the services or facilities of State agencies and corresponding agencies which cooperate with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare in carrying out the purposes of chapter 4 of title 29, except to the extent that the Secretary of Labor provides for furnishing these services under section 8103 of this title. The cost of providing these services to individuals undergoing vocational rehabilitation under this section shall be paid from the Employees' Compensation Fund. However, in reimbursing a State or corresponding agency under an arrangement pursuant to this section the cost to the agency reimbursable in full under section 32(b)(1) of title 29 is excluded.

(b) Notwithstanding section 8106, individuals directed to undergo vocational rehabilitation by the Secretary shall, while undergoing such rehabilitation, receive compensation at the rate provided in sections 8105 and 8110 of this title, less the amount of any earnings received from remunerative employment, other than employment undertaken pursuant to such rehabilitation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 93–416, §3, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1144.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 759(b). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §202(a), 63 Stat. 862. |


In the third sentence, the words "the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" are substituted for "him", referring to the Administrator, on authority of section 1 (proviso) of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271, and section 5 of 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 1, 67 Stat. 632.

The words "State agencies or corresponding agencies" are substituted for "State agencies (or corresponding agencies in Territories or possessions)" as the agencies available for cooperation are set out in the Vocational Rehabilitation Act (chapter 4 of title 29).

The words "section 32(b)(1) of title 29" are substituted for "section 33(a) (4) of title 29" on authority of the Act of Aug. 3, 1954, ch. 655, §2, 68 Stat. 652. Reference is limited to section 32(b)(1) since section 32(b) (2), (3) is obsolete.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Chapter 4 of title 29, referred to in subsec. (a), refers to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, act June 2, 1920, ch. 219, 41 Stat. 735, as amended. Section 32(b)(1) of title 29, also referred to in subsec. (a) (enacted Sept. 6, 1966), did not reflect amendment of section 32(b) by Pub. L. 89–333 §2(a), Nov. 8, 1965, 79 Stat. 1282, which eliminated obsolete pars. (2) and (3) and redesignated par. (1) provisions as subsec. (b) and amended such subsection. Section 32(b) of title 29, refers to section 2(b) of act June 2, 1920, as amended. Such provisions were repealed by former section 500(a) of Pub. L. 93–112, title V, Sept. 26, 1973, 87 Stat. 390, and pursuant to former section 500(a) of Pub. L. 93–112, which also provided that references to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act in other provisions of law were to be deemed a reference to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and were covered by sections 701 et seq. and 731(a), respectively, of Title 29, Labor.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

For transfer of functions and offices (relating to Rehabilitation Act of 1973) of Secretary and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare to Secretary and Department of Education, see section 3441 of Title 20, Education.

(a) If the disability is total, the United States shall pay the employee during the disability monthly monetary compensation equal to 662/3 percent of his monthly pay, which is known as his basic compensation for total disability.

(b) The loss of use of both hands, both arms, both feet, or both legs, or the loss of sight of both eyes, is prima facie permanent total disability.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 535.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 753. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §3, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §102, 63 Stat. 855. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as otherwise provided in sections 751–756, 757–781, 783–791, and 793 of this title" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "Loss, or" are omitted as included in "loss of use of". The words "or the loss of sight of both eyes" are substituted for "or both eyes or the sight thereof".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) If the disability is partial, the United States shall pay the employee during the disability monthly monetary compensation equal to 662/3 percent of the difference between his monthly pay and his monthly wage-earning capacity after the beginning of the partial disability, which is known as his basic compensation for partial disability.

(b) The Secretary of Labor may require a partially disabled employee to report his earnings from employment or self-employment, by affidavit or otherwise, in the manner and at the times the Secretary specifies. The employee shall include in the affidavit or report the value of housing, board, lodging, and other advantages which are part of his earnings in employment or self-employment and which can be estimated in money. An employee who—

(1) fails to make an affidavit or report when required; or

(2) knowingly omits or understates any part of his earnings;

forfeits his right to compensation with respect to any period for which the affidavit or report was required. Compensation forfeited under this subsection, if already paid, shall be recovered by a deduction from the compensation payable to the employee or otherwise recovered under section 8129 of this title, unless recovery is waived under that section.

(c) A partially disabled employee who—

(1) refuses to seek suitable work; or

(2) refuses or neglects to work after suitable work is offered to, procured by, or secured for him;

is not entitled to compensation.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 536.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 754. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §4, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §103(a), 63 Stat. 855. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as otherwise provided in sections 751–756, 757–781, 783–791, and 793 of this title" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the word "remuneration" is omitted as covered by the word "earnings".

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) If there is permanent disability involving the loss, or loss of use, of a member or function of the body or involving disfigurement, the employee is entitled to basic compensation for the disability, as provided by the schedule in subsection (c) of this section, at the rate of 662/3 percent of his monthly pay. The basic compensation is—

(1) payable regardless of whether the cause of the disability originates in a part of the body other than that member;

(2) payable regardless of whether the disability also involves another impairment of the body; and

(3) in addition to compensation for temporary total or temporary partial disability.

(b) With respect to any period after payments under subsection (a) of this section have ended, an employee is entitled to compensation as provided by—

(1) section 8105 of this title if the disability is total; or

(2) section 8106 of this title if the disability is partial.

(c) The compensation schedule is as follows:

(1) Arm lost, 312 weeks' compensation.

(2) Leg lost, 288 weeks' compensation.

(3) Hand lost, 244 weeks' compensation.

(4) Foot lost, 205 weeks' compensation.

(5) Eye lost, 160 weeks' compensation.

(6) Thumb lost, 75 weeks' compensation.

(7) First finger lost, 46 weeks' compensation.

(8) Great toe lost, 38 weeks' compensation.

(9) Second finger lost, 30 weeks' compensation.

(10) Third finger lost, 25 weeks' compensation.

(11) Toe other than great toe lost, 16 weeks' compensation.

(12) Fourth finger lost, 15 weeks' compensation.

(13) Loss of hearing—

(A) complete loss of hearing of one ear, 52 weeks' compensation; or

(B) complete loss of hearing of both ears, 200 weeks' compensation.

(14) Compensation for loss of binocular vision or for loss of 80 percent or more of the vision of an eye is the same as for loss of the eye.

(15) Compensation for loss of more than one phalanx of a digit is the same as for loss of the entire digit. Compensation for loss of the first phalanx is one-half of the compensation for loss of the entire digit.

(16) If, in the case of an arm or a leg, the member is amputated above the wrist or ankle, compensation is the same as for loss of the arm or leg, respectively.

(17) Compensation for loss of use of two or more digits, or one or more phalanges of each of two or more digits, of a hand or foot, is proportioned to the loss of use of the hand or foot occasioned thereby.

(18) Compensation for permanent total loss of use of a member is the same as for loss of the member.

(19) Compensation for permanent partial loss of use of a member may be for proportionate loss of use of the member. The degree of loss of vision or hearing under this schedule is determined without regard to correction.

(20) In case of loss of use of more than one member or parts of more than one member as enumerated by this schedule, the compensation is for loss of use of each member or part thereof, and the awards run consecutively. However, when the injury affects only two or more digits of the same hand or foot, paragraph (17) of this subsection applies, and when partial bilateral loss of hearing is involved, compensation is computed on the loss as affecting both ears.

(21) For serious disfigurement of the face, head, or neck of a character likely to handicap an individual in securing or maintaining employment, proper and equitable compensation not to exceed $3,500 shall be awarded in addition to any other compensation payable under this schedule.

(22) For permanent loss or loss of use of any other important external or internal organ of the body as determined by the Secretary, proper and equitable compensation not to exceed 312 weeks' compensation for each organ so determined shall be paid in addition to any other compensation payable under this schedule.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 536; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(50), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 93–416, §§4, 5, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1144, 1145.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 755(a), (b). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §5, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §104 "Sec. 5(a), (b)", 63 Stat. 855. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §201, 74 Stat. 907. |


The words "loss, or" are omitted throughout this section as included in "loss of use of".

In subsection (a)(B), the words "under sections 751–754 of this title" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b)(1), the words "(including paragraphs (16) and (20) thereof)" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8107(a), (b). | 5 App.: 755(a), (b). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §2(a), (b), 80 Stat. 252. |


In subsection (a), the words "If there is" are substituted for "In any case of". The words "loss, or" are omitted as included in "loss of use of" and to conform to the remainder of the section. The words "the employee is entitled to basic compensation for the disability" are substituted for "basic compensation for such disability shall be payable to the disabled employee". The words "by the schedule in subsection (c) of this section" are substituted for "in the following schedule" to reflect the codification of the schedule in subsection (c). The words "The schedule referred to in the first sentence is as follows:" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the codification of that schedule in subsection (c).

In subsection (b), the words "an employee is entitled to compensation" are substituted for "compensation shall be paid" for consistency with subsection (a). In subsections (b) (1) and (2), the words "section 8105 of this title" and "section 8106 of this title" are substituted for "section 3" and "subsection (a) of section 4", respectively, to reflect the codification of title 5.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §4, substituted "involving the loss, or loss of use" for "involving the loss of use".

Subsec. (c)(22). Pub. L. 93–416, §5, added par. (22).

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after such effective date, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

The period of compensation payable under the schedule in section 8107(c) of this title is reduced by the period of compensation paid or payable under the schedule for an earlier injury if—

(1) compensation in both cases is for disability of the same member or function or different parts of the same member or function or for disfigurement; and

(2) the Secretary of Labor finds that compensation payable for the later disability in whole or in part would duplicate the compensation payable for the preexisting disability.

In such a case, compensation for disability continuing after the scheduled period starts on expiration of that period as reduced under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(51), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 755(c). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §104 "Sec. 5(c)", 63 Stat. 857. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8108 | 5 App.: 755(c). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §2(c), 80 Stat. 252. |


Increases authorized under amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) If an individual—

(1) has sustained disability compensable under section 8107(a) of this title;

(2) has filed a valid claim in his lifetime; and

(3) dies from a cause other than the injury before the end of the period specified by the schedule;

the compensation specified by the schedule that is unpaid at his death, whether or not accrued or due at his death, shall be paid—

(A) under an award made before or after the death;

(B) for the period specified by the schedule;

(C) to and for the benefit of the persons then in being within the classes and proportions and on the conditions specified by this section; and

(D) in the following order of precedence:

(i) If there is no child, to the widow or widower.

(ii) If there are both a widow or widower and a child or children, one-half to the widow or widower and one-half to the child or children.

(iii) If there is no widow or widower, to the child or children.

(iv) If there is no survivor in the above classes, to the parent or parents wholly or partly dependent for support on the decedent, or to other wholly dependent relatives listed by section 8133(a)(5) of this title, or to both in proportions provided by regulation.

(v) If there is no survivor in the above classes and no burial allowance is payable under section 8134 of this title, an amount not exceeding that which would be expendable under section 8134 of this title if applicable shall be paid to reimburse a person equitably entitled thereto to the extent and in the proportion that he has paid the burial expenses, but a compensated insurer or other person obligated by law or contract to pay the burial expenses or a State or political subdivision or entity is deemed not equitably entitled.

(b) Payments under subsection (a) of this section, except for an amount payable for a period preceding the death of the individual, are at the basic rate of compensation for permanent disability specified by section 8107(a) of this title even if at the time of death the individual was entitled to the augmented rate specified by section 8110 of this title.

(c) A surviving beneficiary under subsection (a) of this section, except one under subsection (a)(D)(v), does not have a vested right to payment and must be alive to receive payment.

(d) A beneficiary under subsection (a) of this section, except one under subsection (a)(D)(v), ceases to be entitled to payment on the happening of an event which would terminate his right to compensation for death under section 8133 of this title. When that entitlement ceases, compensation remaining unpaid under subsection (a) of this section is payable to the surviving beneficiary in accordance with subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 538; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(52), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 755(d). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §104 "Sec. 5(d)", 63 Stat. 857. |


The references in former section 755(d) to definitions in former section 760(B), (H) are omitted as unnecessary as the definitions are included in section 8101 for the entire subchapter.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8109(a)(1) | 5 App.: 755(d)(1). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §2(d), 80 Stat. 252. |


Increases authorized under amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section, "dependent" means—

(1) a wife, if—

(A) she is a member of the same household as the employee;

(B) she is receiving regular contributions from the employee for her support; or

(C) the employee has been ordered by a court to contribute to her support;

(2) a husband, if—

(A) he is a member of the same household as the employee; or

(B) he is receiving regular contributions from the employee for his support; or

(C) the employee has been ordered by a court to contribute to his support;

(3) an unmarried child, while living with the employee or receiving regular contributions from the employee toward his support, and who is—

(A) under 18 years of age; or

(B) over 18 years of age and incapable of self-support because of physical or mental disability; and

(4) a parent, while wholly dependent on and supported by the employee.

Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of this subsection, compensation payable for a child that would otherwise end because the child has reached 18 years of age shall continue if he is a student as defined by section 8101 of this title at the time he reaches 18 years of age for so long as he continues to be such a student or until he marries.

(b) A disabled employee with one or more dependents is entitled to have his basic compensation for disability augmented—

(1) at the rate of 81/3 percent of his monthly pay if that compensation is payable under section 8105 or 8107(a) of this title; and

(2) at the rate of 81/3 percent of the difference between his monthly pay and his monthly wage-earning capacity if that compensation is payable under section 8106(a) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 539; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(53), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 93–416, §6, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 756(a). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §6, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Feb. 12, 1927, ch. 110, §1, 44 Stat. 1086. | ||

May 13, 1936, ch. 382, 49 Stat. 1270. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §105 "Sec. 6(a)", 63 Stat. 858. |


The references in former section 756(a)(2) to definitions in former section 760(H) are omitted as unnecessary as the definitions are included in section 8101 for the entire subchapter.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8110(a) | 5 App.: 756(a)(2) (C). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §7(b), 80 Stat. 254. |

8110(b) | 5 App.: 756(a)(1). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488 §§2(e), 3(a), 80 Stat. 252. |


In subsection (a), the words "Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of this subsection" are substituted for "Notwithstanding any other provision of this section" for clarity. The word "he" is substituted for "he or she" in two places on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1. The words "section 8101 of this title" are substituted for "section 10(M) of this Act" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5.

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93–416 substituted provisions of subpars. (A), (B) and (C) for "wholly dependent on the employee for support because of his own physical or mental disability".

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after such effective date, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(53)(B), (C) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) The Secretary of Labor may pay an employee who has been awarded compensation an additional sum of not more than $1,500 a month, as the Secretary considers necessary, when the Secretary finds that the service of an attendant is necessary constantly because the employee is totally blind, or has lost the use of both hands or both feet, or is paralyzed and unable to walk, or because of other disability resulting from the injury making him so helpless as to require constant attendance.

(b) The Secretary may pay an individual undergoing vocational rehabilitation under section 8104 of this title additional compensation necessary for his maintenance, but not to exceed $200 a month.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 539; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(54), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 93–416, §7, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 101–534, §2, Nov. 7, 1990, 104 Stat. 2352.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 756(b). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §105 "Sec. 6(b)", 63 Stat. 858. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §101 (less last 13 words), 74 Stat. 906. |


In subsection (a), the words "In addition to the monthly compensation otherwise specified in sections 751–756, 757–871, 783–791, and 793 of this title" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "pursuant to the Secretary's direction" are omitted as unnecessary.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8111(a) | 5 App.: 756(b)(1). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §4(a), 80 Stat. 253. |


**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–534 substituted "$1,500" for "$500".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §7(a), substituted "$500" for "$300".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–416, §7(b), substituted "$200" for "$100".

Pub. L. 101–534, §3, Nov. 7, 1990, 104 Stat. 2352, provided that: "The amendment made by section 2 [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1990."

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(54) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) Except as provided by section 8138 of this title, the monthly rate of compensation for disability, including augmented compensation under section 8110 of this title but not including additional compensation under section 8111 of this title, may not be more than 75 percent of the monthly pay of the maximum rate of basic pay for GS–15, and in case of total disability may not be less than 75 percent of the monthly pay of the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–2 or the amount of the monthly pay of the employee, whichever is less.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) shall not apply to any employee whose disability is a result of an assault which occurs during an assassination or attempted assassination of a Federal official described under section 351(a) or 1751(a) of title 18, and was sustained in the performance of duty.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(55), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 100–566, §5, Oct. 31, 1988, 102 Stat. 2845.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 756(c). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §105 "Sec. 6(c)", 63 Stat. 859. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §101 (last 13 words), 74 Stat. 906. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8112 | 5 App.: 756(c). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §3(b), 80 Stat. 252. |


The words "maximum rate of basic pay for GS–15" and "minimum rate of basic pay for GS–2" are substituted for "highest rate of basic compensation provided for grade 15 of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949" and "lowest rate of basic compensation provided for grade 2 by such General Schedule", respectively, for consistency of style within title 5 and to reflect the codification of the Classification Act of 1949 in title 5.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–566 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(55) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) If an individual—

(1) was a minor or employed in a learner's capacity at the time of injury; and

(2) was not physically or mentally handicapped before the injury;

the Secretary of Labor, on review under section 8128 of this title after the time the wage-earning capacity of the individual would probably have increased but for the injury, shall recompute prospectively the monetary compensation payable for disability on the basis of an assumed monthly pay corresponding to the probable increased wage-earning capacity.

(b) If an individual without good cause fails to apply for and undergo vocational rehabilitation when so directed under section 8104 of this title, the Secretary, on review under section 8128 of this title and after finding that in the absence of the failure the wage-earning capacity of the individual would probably have substantially increased, may reduce prospectively the monetary compensation of the individual in accordance with what would probably have been his wage-earning capacity in the absence of the failure, until the individual in good faith complies with the direction of the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(100), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 220; Pub. L. 93–416, §8(a), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 756(d). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §105 "Sec. 6(d)", 63 Stat. 859. |


Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends section 8113(b) of title 5, United States Code, to conform to the source statute (sec. 6(d)(1) of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act, as amended (63 Stat. 859)).

**1974**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 93–416 struck out subsec. (b) which authorized the Secretary to prospectively recompute compensation because of decreased wage earning power after age 70, aside from injury, and redesignated subsec. (c) as (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to case where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "overtime pay" means pay for hours of service in excess of a statutory or other basic workweek or other basic unit of worktime, as observed by the employing establishment; and

(2) "year" means a period of 12 calendar months, or the equivalent thereof as specified by regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor.

(b) In computing monetary compensation for disability or death on the basis of monthly pay, that pay is determined under this section.

(c) The monthly pay at the time of injury is deemed one-twelfth of the average annual earnings of the employee at that time. When compensation is paid on a weekly basis, the weekly equivalent of the monthly pay is deemed one-fifty-second of the average annual earnings. However, for so much of a period of total disability as does not exceed 90 calendar days from the date of the beginning of compensable disability, the compensation, in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor, may be computed on the basis of the actual daily wage of the employee at the time of injury in which event he may be paid compensation for the days he would have worked but for the injury.

(d) Average annual earnings are determined as follows:

(1) If the employee worked in the employment in which he was employed at the time of his injury during substantially the whole year immediately preceding the injury and the employment was in a position for which an annual rate of pay—

(A) was fixed, the average annual earnings are the annual rate of pay; or

(B) was not fixed, the average annual earnings are the product obtained by multiplying his daily wage for the particular employment, or the average thereof if the daily wage has fluctuated, by 300 if he was employed on the basis of a 6-day workweek, 280 if employed on the basis of a 5½-day week, and 260 if employed on the basis of a 5-day week.

(2) If the employee did not work in employment in which he was employed at the time of his injury during substantially the whole year immediately preceding the injury, but the position was one which would have afforded employment for substantially a whole year, the average annual earnings are a sum equal to the average annual earnings of an employee of the same class working substantially the whole immediately preceding year in the same or similar employment by the United States in the same or neighboring place, as determined under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3) If either of the foregoing methods of determining the average annual earnings cannot be applied reasonably and fairly, the average annual earnings are a sum that reasonably represents the annual earning capacity of the injured employee in the employment in which he was working at the time of the injury having regard to the previous earnings of the employee in Federal employment, and of other employees of the United States in the same or most similar class working in the same or most similar employment in the same or neighboring location, other previous employment of the employee, or other relevant factors. However, the average annual earnings may not be less than 150 times the average daily wage the employee earned in the employment during the days employed within 1 year immediately preceding his injury.

(4) If the employee served without pay or at nominal pay, paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of this subsection apply as far as practicable, but the average annual earnings of the employee may not exceed the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–15. If the average annual earnings cannot be determined reasonably and fairly in the manner otherwise provided by this section, the average annual earnings shall be determined at the reasonable value of the service performed but not in excess of $3,600 a year.

(e) The value of subsistence and quarters, and of any other form of remuneration in kind for services if its value can be estimated in money, and premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title are included as part of the pay, but account is not taken of—

(1) overtime pay;

(2) additional pay or allowance authorized outside the United States because of differential in cost of living or other special circumstances; or

(3) bonus or premium pay for extraordinary service including bonus or pay for particularly hazardous service in time of war.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 540; Pub. L. 89–737, §1(1), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 762. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §12, 39 Stat. 746. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §203, 63 Stat. 862. |


In subsection (d)(4), the words "the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–15" are substituted for "the basic rate of annual compensation specified under the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, for positions in grade GS–15 at the bottom of such grade". In former section 762, the words "Classification Act of 1949" were substituted for "Classification Act of 1923" on authority of §1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 972.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1966**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–737 inserted reference to premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title.

Pub. L. 89–737, §4, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164, which provided that the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 8331 and 8704 of this title] apply with respect to premium pay payable from and after the first day of the first pay period which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 1966], was repealed by Pub. L. 90–83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 223.

(a) In determining compensation for partial disability, except permanent partial disability compensable under sections 8107–8109 of this title, the wage-earning capacity of an employee is determined by his actual earnings if his actual earnings fairly and reasonably represent his wage-earning capacity. If the actual earnings of the employee do not fairly and reasonably represent his wage-earning capacity or if the employee has no actual earnings, his wage-earning capacity as appears reasonable under the circumstances is determined with due regard to—

(1) the nature of his injury;

(2) the degree of physical impairment;

(3) his usual employment;

(4) his age;

(5) his qualifications for other employment;

(6) the availability of suitable employment; and

(7) other factors or circumstances which may affect his wage-earning capacity in his disabled condition.

(b) Section 8114(d) of this title is applicable in determining the wage-earning capacity of an employee after the beginning of partial disability.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 542.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 763. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §13, 39 Stat. 746. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §204, 63 Stat. 864. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §204, 74 Stat. 908. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) While an employee is receiving compensation under this subchapter, or if he has been paid a lump sum in commutation of installment payments until the expiration of the period during which the installment payments would have continued, he may not receive salary, pay, or remuneration of any type from the United States, except—

(1) in return for service actually performed;

(2) pension for service in the Army, Navy, or Air Force;

(3) other benefits administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs unless such benefits are payable for the same injury or the same death; and

(4) retired pay, retirement pay, retainer pay, or equivalent pay for service in the Armed Forces or other uniformed services.

However, eligibility for or receipt of benefits under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, or another retirement system for employees of the Government, does not impair the right of the employee to compensation for scheduled disabilities specified by section 8107(c) of this title.

(b) An individual entitled to benefits under this subchapter because of his injury, or because of the death of an employee, who also is entitled to receive from the United States under a provision of statute other than this subchapter payments or benefits for that injury or death (except proceeds of an insurance policy), because of service by him (or in the case of death, by the deceased) as an employee or in the armed forces, shall elect which benefits he will receive. The individual shall make the election within 1 year after the injury or death or within a further time allowed for good cause by the Secretary of Labor. The election when made is irrevocable, except as otherwise provided by statute.

(c) The liability of the United States or an instrumentality thereof under this subchapter or any extension thereof with respect to the injury or death of an employee is exclusive and instead of all other liability of the United States or the instrumentality to the employee, his legal representative, spouse, dependents, next of kin, and any other person otherwise entitled to recover damages from the United States or the instrumentality because of the injury or death in a direct judicial proceeding, in a civil action, or in admiralty, or by an administrative or judicial proceeding under a workmen's compensation statute or under a Federal tort liability statute. However, this subsection does not apply to a master or a member of a crew of a vessel.

(d) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, an individual receiving benefits for disability or death under this subchapter who is also receiving benefits under subchapter III of chapter 84 of this title or benefits under title II of the Social Security Act shall be entitled to all such benefits, except that—

(1) benefits received under section 223 of the Social Security Act (on account of disability) shall be subject to reduction on account of benefits paid under this subchapter pursuant to the provisions of section 224 of the Social Security Act; and

(2) in the case of benefits received on account of age or death under title II of the Social Security Act, compensation payable under this subchapter based on the Federal service of an employee shall be reduced by the amount of any such social security benefits payable that are attributable to Federal service of that employee covered by chapter 84 of this title. However, eligibility for or receipt of benefits under chapter 84 of this title, or benefits under title II of the Social Security Act by virtue of service covered by chapter 84 of this title, does not affect the right of the employee to compensation for scheduled disabilities specified by section 8107(c) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(56), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 93–416, §9(a), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(e), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(3)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 757. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §7, 39 Stat. 743. | |

July 1, 1944, ch. 373, §605(a), 58 Stat. 712. | ||

Aug. 13, 1946, ch. 958, §5, 60 Stat. 1049. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §201, 63 Stat. 861. | ||

July 30, 1956, ch. 779, §3(b), 70 Stat. 721. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §202, 74 Stat. 907. | ||

Sept. 4, 1964, Pub. L. 88–581, §4(b), 78 Stat. 919. |


In subsection (a)(2), "Air Force" is added on authority of the Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, §207(a), (f), 61 Stat. 502, and sections 8010—8013 of title 10, United States Code. This does not affect the operation of this subsection insofar as it concerns members of the Coast Guard whose pension is based in whole or in part on service with the Coast Guard when it operated as a part of the Navy.

In subsection (b), the reference to the definition of "employee" in former section 790 is omitted as unnecessary as the definition is included in section 8101 for the entire subchapter.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S.Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8116(a) | 5 App.: 757(a). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §5(a), 80 Stat. 253. |


The words "another retirement system for employees of the Government" are substituted for "any other Federal Act or program providing retirement benefits for employees".

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Sections 223 and 224 are classified to sections 423 and 424a, respectively, of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–398 struck out ", subject to the reduction of such pay in accordance with section 5532(b) of title 5, United States Code" after "uniformed services".

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

**1986**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–335 added subsec. (d).

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416 struck out "and" in cl. (1), substituted a semicolon for a period in cl. (2), and added cls. (3) and (4).

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–416, §9(b), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to disability or death occurring before or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 7, 1974] and without regard to any election under section 8116(b) of the Act [subsec. (b) of this section]; but no payment shall be made by reason of such amendment for any period prior to the date of enactment of this Act."

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(56) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) An employee other than a Postal Service employee is not entitled to compensation for the first 3 days of temporary disability, except—

(1) when the disability exceeds 14 days;

(2) when the disability is followed by permanent disability; or

(3) as provided by sections 8103 and 8104 of this title.

(b) A Postal Service employee is not entitled to compensation or continuation of pay for the first 3 days of temporary disability, except as provided under paragraph (3) of subsection (a). A Postal Service employee may use annual leave, sick leave, or leave without pay during that 3-day period, except that if the disability exceeds 14 days or is followed by permanent disability, the employee may have their sick leave or annual leave reinstated or receive pay for the time spent on leave without pay under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 93–416, §10, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 109–435, title IX, §901(a), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3253.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 752. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §2, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §101(a), 63 Stat. 854. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–435 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), substituted "An employee other than a Postal Service employee" for "An employee", and added subsec. (b).

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 substituted "14 days" for "21 days".

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

(a) The United States shall authorize the continuation of pay of an employee, as defined in section 8101(1) of this title (other than those referred to in clause (B) or (E)), who has filed a claim for a period of wage loss due to a traumatic injury with his immediate superior on a form approved by the Secretary of Labor within the time specified in section 8122(a)(2) of this title.

(b) Continuation of pay under this subchapter shall be furnished—

(1) without a break in time, except as provided under section 8117(b), unless controverted under regulations of the Secretary;

(2) for a period not to exceed 45 days; and

(3) under accounting procedures and such other regulations as the Secretary may require.

(c) An employee may use annual or sick leave to his credit at the time the disability begins, but his compensation for disability does not begin, and the time periods specified by section 8117 of this title do not begin to run, until termination of pay as set forth in subsections (a) and (b) or the use of annual or sick leave ends.

(d) If a claim under subsection (a) is denied by the Secretary, payments under this section shall, at the option of the employee, be charged to sick or annual leave or shall be deemed overpayments of pay within the meaning of section 5584 of title 5, United States Code.

(e) Payments under this section shall not be considered as compensation as defined by section 8101(12) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 93–416, §11, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 109–435, title IX, §901(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3254.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 758. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §8, 39 Stat. 743. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §101(b), 63 Stat. 854. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2006**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–435 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "without a break in time unless controverted under regulations of the Secretary;".

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 inserted in section catchline the reference to continuation of pay, added subsecs. (a), (b), (d) and (e), designated existing provisions as subsec. (c), and in subsec. (c) as so designated, substituted "until termination of pay as set forth in subsections (a) and (b) or the use of annual or sick leave ends" for "until the use of the annual or sick leave ends".

Pub. L. 93–416, §28(b), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1151, provided that: "Section 11 of this Act [amending this section] shall become effective 60 days from enactment [Sept. 7, 1974] and be applicable to any injury occurring on or after such effective date."

An employee injured in the performance of his duty, or someone on his behalf, shall give notice thereof. Notice of a death believed to be related to the employment shall be given by an eligible beneficiary specified in section 8133 of this title, or someone on his behalf. A notice of injury or death shall—

(a) be given within 30 days after the injury or death;

(b) be given to the immediate superior of the employee by personal delivery or by depositing it in the mail properly stamped and addressed;

(c) be in writing;

(d) state the name and address of the employee;

(e) state the year, month, day, and hour when and the particular locality where the injury or death occurred;

(f) state the cause and nature of the injury, or, in the case of death, the employment factors believed to be the cause; and

(g) be signed by and contain the address of the individual giving the notice.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 93–416, §12(a), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1146.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 765. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §15, 39 Stat. 746. |

5 U.S.C. 766. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §16, 39 Stat. 746. | |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 767. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §17, 39 Stat. 746. |


Subsection (b)(2) is added on authority of former section 770, which is carried into section 8122, to complete the coverage of this section.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 substituted "or death" for "; failure to give" in section catchline, struck out designation of subsec. (a), redesignated cls. (1) to (7) as (a) to (g), and, as so redesignated, inserted provisions relating to notice of death and substituted "30 days" for "48 hours" in cl. (a), and struck out subsec. (b) relating to allowance of compensation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Immediately after an injury to an employee which results in his death or probable disability, his immediate superior shall report to the Secretary of Labor. The Secretary may—

(1) prescribe the information that the report shall contain;

(2) require the immediate superior to make supplemental reports; and

(3) obtain such additional reports and information from employees as are agreed on by the Secretary and the head of the employing agency.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 543.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 774(a). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §24, 39 Stat. 747. | |

5 U.S.C. 779. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §28a, 39 Stat. 748. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §205(b), 63 Stat. 864. |


Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Compensation under this subchapter may be allowed only if an individual or someone on his behalf makes claim therefor. The claim shall—

(1) be made in writing within the time specified by section 8122 of this title;

(2) be delivered to the office of the Secretary of Labor or to an individual whom the Secretary may designate by regulation, or deposited in the mail properly stamped and addressed to the Secretary or his designee;

(3) be on a form approved by the Secretary;

(4) contain all information required by the Secretary;

(5) be sworn to by the individual entitled to compensation or someone on his behalf; and

(6) except in case of death, be accompanied by a certificate of the physician of the employee stating the nature of the injury and the nature and probable extent of the disability.

The Secretary may waive paragraphs (3)–(6) of this section for reasonable cause shown.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 543; Pub. L. 93–416, §13, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1147.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 768. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §18, 39 Stat. 746. | |

5 U.S.C. 769. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §19, 39 Stat. 746. |


The words "except as provided in section 788" in former section 768 are omitted as unnecessary as former section 788 dealt with recovery of overpayments after claims were made.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1974**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–416 substituted "approved" for "furnished".

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 23(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(c), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3255, provided that: "Not later than 16 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary of Labor shall—

"(1) amend section 10.121 of title 20, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation, by striking '30 days' and inserting '60 days'; and

"(2) modify the Federal Employees' Compensation Act manual to reflect the changes made by the Secretary pursuant to paragraph (1)."

(a) An original claim for compensation for disability or death must be filed within 3 years after the injury or death. Compensation for disability or death, including medical care in disability cases, may not be allowed if claim is not filed within that time unless—

(1) the immediate superior had actual knowledge of the injury or death within 30 days. The knowledge must be such to put the immediate superior reasonably on notice of an on-the-job injury or death; or

(2) written notice of injury or death as specified in section 8119 of this title was given within 30 days.

(b) In a case of latent disability, the time for filing claim does not begin to run until the employee has a compensable disability and is aware, or by the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been aware, of the causal relationship of the compensable disability to his employment. In such a case, the time for giving notice of injury begins to run when the employee is aware, or by the exercise of reasonable diligence should have been aware, that his condition is causally related to his employment, whether or not there is a compensable disability.

(c) The timely filing of a disability claim because of injury will satisfy the time requirements for a death claim based on the same injury.

(d) The time limitations in subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not—

(1) begin to run against a minor until he reaches 21 years of age or has had a legal representative appointed; or

(2) run against an incompetent individual while he is incompetent and has no duly appointed legal representative; or

(3) run against any individual whose failure to comply is excused by the Secretary on the ground that such notice could not be given because of exceptional circumstances.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 544; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(57), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210; Pub. L. 93–416, §14, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1147.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 770. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §20, 39 Stat. 747. | |

June 13, 1922, ch. 219, 42 Stat. 650. | ||

July 28, 1945, ch. 328, §1, 59 Stat. 503. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §205, 74 Stat. 908. |


The last sentence of the Act of June 13, 1922, 42 Stat. 650, is omitted as obsolete.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8122(b), (d) | 5 App.: 770. | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §9, 80 Stat. 254. |


**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §14(1), substituted provisions requiring filing of claims for compensation within three years after death or disability, and setting forth conditions for waiver of filing within required time periods, for provisions requiring claim for death to be made within one year after death and for disability to be made within 60 days after injury and authorizing extension of time for good cause.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–416, §14(2), substituted provisions relating to timeliness of claim for death when claim for injury was timely filed and death was based on same injury, for provisions relating to waiver of compliance with requirements for giving notice of injury and filing claim for compensation.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–416, §14(3), substituted "(a) and (b)" for "(a)–(c)", and added cl. (3).

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 23(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(57) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) An employee shall submit to examination by a medical officer of the United States, or by a physician designated or approved by the Secretary of Labor, after the injury and as frequently and at the times and places as may be reasonably required. The employee may have a physician designated and paid by him present to participate in the examination. If there is disagreement between the physician making the examination for the United States and the physician of the employee, the Secretary shall appoint a third physician who shall make an examination.

(b) An employee is entitled to be paid expenses incident to an examination required by the Secretary which in the opinion of the Secretary are necessary and reasonable, including transportation and loss of wages incurred in order to be examined. The expenses, when authorized or approved by the Secretary, are paid from the Employees' Compensation Fund.

(c) The Secretary shall fix the fees for examinations held under this section by physicians not employed by or under contract to the United States to furnish medical services to employees. The fees, when authorized or approved by the Secretary, are paid from the Employees' Compensation Fund.

(d) If an employee refuses to submit to or obstructs an examination, his right to compensation under this subchapter is suspended until the refusal or obstruction stops. Compensation is not payable while a refusal or obstruction continues, and the period of the refusal or obstruction is deducted from the period for which compensation is payable to the employee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 544.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 771. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §21, 39 Stat. 747. | |

June 26, 1926, ch. 695, §2, 44 Stat. 772. | ||

5 U.S.C. 772. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §22, 39 Stat. 747. | |

5 U.S.C. 773(a). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §23, 39 Stat. 747. | |

June 26, 1926, ch. 695, §3, 44 Stat. 772. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §208 "Sec. 23(a)", 63 Stat. 865. |


In subsections (a) and (c), the words "duly qualified" in former sections 771 and 772 are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "physician" in section 8101.

In subsection (c) the words "fees for examinations" in former section 773(a) are substituted for "fees or examinations" since the word "or" was erroneously in the 1949 amendment. The words "any sum payable to the employee under section 771 of this title" in former section 773(a) are omitted as unnecessary because the same provision appeared in former section 771, which is carried into subsection (b).

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The Secretary of Labor shall determine and make a finding of facts and make an award for or against payment of compensation under this subchapter after—

(1) considering the claim presented by the beneficiary and the report furnished by the immediate superior; and

(2) completing such investigation as he considers necessary.

(b)(1) Before review under section 8128(a) of this title, a claimant for compensation not satisfied with a decision of the Secretary under subsection (a) of this section is entitled, on request made within 30 days after the date of the issuance of the decision, to a hearing on his claim before a representative of the Secretary. At the hearing, the claimant is entitled to present evidence in further support of his claim. Within 30 days after the hearing ends, the Secretary shall notify the claimant in writing of his further decision and any modifications of the award he may make and of the basis of his decision.

(2) In conducting the hearing, the representative of the Secretary is not bound by common law or statutory rules of evidence, by technical or formal rules of procedure, or by section 554 of this title except as provided by this subchapter, but may conduct the hearing in such manner as to best ascertain the rights of the claimant. For this purpose, he shall receive such relevant evidence as the claimant adduces and such other evidence as he determines necessary or useful in evaluating the claim.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 545; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(58), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 210.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 786. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §36, 39 Stat. 749. |


The last sentence of former section 786 is omitted as surplusage because it is covered by section 8147.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8124(b) | 5 App.: 786(b). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §11(b), 80 Stat. 255. |


In subsection (b)(1), the words "section 8128(a) of this title" are substituted for "section 37" to reflect the codification of section 37 in title 5, United States Code. The words "a claimant * * * is entitled * * * to a hearing" are substituted for "any claimant * * * shall * * * be afforded an opportunity for a hearing". The words "under subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "under this section" for clarity. In the second sentence, the words "is entitled to present evidence" are substituted for "shall be afforded an opportunity to present evidence".

In subsection (b)(2), the words "section 554 of this title * * * this subchapter" are substituted for "section 5 of the Administrative Procedure Act * * * this Act" to reflect the codification of the cited section and act in title 5. In the second sentence, the words "shall, in addition, receive" are omitted as unnecessary.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(58) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

If an individual—

(1) disobeys or resists a lawful order or process in proceedings under this subchapter before the Secretary of Labor or his representative; or

(2) misbehaves during a hearing or so near the place of hearing as to obstruct it;

the Secretary or his representative shall certify the facts to the district court having jurisdiction in the place where he is sitting. The court, in a summary manner, shall hear the evidence as to the acts complained of and if the evidence warrants, punish the individual in the same manner and to the same extent as for a contempt committed before the court, or commit the individual on the same conditions as if the forbidden act had occurred with reference to the process of or in the presence of the court.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 545.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 773(c). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §208 "Sec. 23(c)", 63 Stat. 865. |


The words "the district court of the United States for the District of Columbia" are omitted as included in "district court". The words "under this subchapter" are added for clarity since this section which was formerly a subsection referred to the subsection preceding it which identified the proceedings.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Secretary of Labor, on any matter within his jurisdiction under this subchapter, may—

(1) issue subpenas for and compel the attendance of witnesses within a radius of 100 miles;

(2) administer oaths;

(3) examine witnesses; and

(4) require the production of books, papers, documents, and other evidence.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 545.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 780. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §29, 39 Stat. 748. Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §205(c)(2), 63 Stat. 864. |


The words "under this subchapter" are added to preserve the original grant of power in the Act of Sept. 7, 1916.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) A claimant may authorize an individual to represent him in any proceeding under this subchapter before the Secretary of Labor.

(b) A claim for legal or other services furnished in respect to a case, claim, or award for compensation under this subchapter is valid only if approved by the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 545.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 773(b) (less last sentence). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §208 "Sec. 23(b) (less last sentence)", 63 Stat. 865. |


Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The Secretary of Labor may review an award for or against payment of compensation at any time on his own motion or on application. The Secretary, in accordance with the facts found on review, may—

(1) end, decrease, or increase the compensation previously awarded; or

(2) award compensation previously refused or discontinued.

(b) The action of the Secretary or his designee in allowing or denying a payment under this subchapter is—

(1) final and conclusive for all purposes and with respect to all questions of law and fact; and

(2) not subject to review by another official of the United States or by a court by mandamus or otherwise.

Credit shall be allowed in the accounts of a certifying or disbursing official for payments in accordance with that action.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 545.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 787. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §37, 39 Stat. 749. |

June 5, 1924, ch. 261, §1, 43 Stat. 389. | ||

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 793 (penultimate sentence of 5th par.). | July 28, 1945, ch. 328, §4 (penultimate sentence), 59 Stat. 504. |


In subsection (a), the words "If the original claim for compensation has been made within the time specified in section 770 of this title" are omitted as surplusage. The words "an award for or against payment of compensation" are coextensive with and, for clarity and consistency with section 8124, substituted for "the award". The second sentence of former section 787 is omitted as included in the penultimate sentence of former section 793, which is carried into subsection (b). The last sentence of former section 787 is omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104 which excludes a member of a uniformed service.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of the report.

(a) When an overpayment has been made to an individual under this subchapter because of an error of fact or law, adjustment shall be made under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor by decreasing later payments to which the individual is entitled. If the individual dies before the adjustment is completed, adjustment shall be made by decreasing later benefits payable under this subchapter with respect to the individual's death.

(b) Adjustment or recovery by the United States may not be made when incorrect payment has been made to an individual who is without fault and when adjustment or recovery would defeat the purpose of this subchapter or would be against equity and good conscience.

(c) A certifying or disbursing official is not liable for an amount certified or paid by him when—

(1) adjustment or recovery of the amount is waived under subsection (b) of this section; or

(2) adjustment under subsection (a) of this section is not completed before the death of all individuals against whose benefits deductions are authorized.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 546.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 788. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §38, 39 Stat. 749. Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §206, 63 Stat. 864. |


In subsection (a), the words "Subject to the provisions of sections 786 and 787 of this title" and "if any" are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (c), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" as the definition of "officer" in section 2104 excludes a member of a uniformed service.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An assignment of a claim for compensation under this subchapter is void. Compensation and claims for compensation are exempt from claims of creditors.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 546.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 775. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §25, 39 Stat. 747. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) If an injury or death for which continuation of pay or compensation is payable under this subchapter is caused under circumstances creating a legal liability on a person other than the United States to pay damages, the Secretary of Labor may require the beneficiary to—

(1) assign to the United States any right of action he may have to enforce the liability or any right he may have to share in money or other property received in satisfaction of that liability; or

(2) prosecute the action in his own name.

An employee required to appear as a party or witness in the prosecution of such an action is in an active duty status while so engaged.

(b) A beneficiary who refuses to assign or prosecute an action in his own name when required by the Secretary is not entitled to compensation under this subchapter.

(c) The Secretary may prosecute or compromise a cause of action assigned to the United States. When the Secretary realizes on the cause of action, he shall deduct therefrom and place to the credit of the Employees' Compensation Fund the amount of continuation of pay or compensation already paid to the beneficiary and the expense of realization or collection. Any surplus shall be paid to the beneficiary and credited on future payments of compensation payable for the same injury. However, the beneficiary is entitled to not less than one-fifth of the net amount of a settlement or recovery remaining after the expenses thereof have been deducted.

(d) If an injury or death for which compensation is payable under this subchapter is caused under circumstances creating a legal liability in the Panama Canal Company to pay damages under the law of a State, a territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, or a foreign country, compensation is not payable until the individual entitled to compensation—

(1) releases to the Panama Canal Company any right of action he may have to enforce the liability of the Panama Canal Company; or

(2) assigns to the United States any right he may have to share in money or other property received in satisfaction of the liability of the Panama Canal Company.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 546; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(60), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3254.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 776. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §26, 39 Stat. 747. |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §207, 74 Stat. 908. | ||

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 791. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §41, 39 Stat. 750. |


In subsection (d), the first 45 words of section 41 of the Act of Sept. 7, 1916, are omitted as executed. The words "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Railroad Company" on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a) (2), 64 Stat. 1038.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8131(c) | 5 App.: 776 (proviso). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §10(a), 80 Stat. 255. |


For definition of Panama Canal Company, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2022**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–263, §5305(b)(1)(A), inserted "continuation of pay or" before "compensation" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–263, §5305(b)(1)(B), inserted "continuation of pay or" before "compensation already paid".

Increases authorized under amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

If an injury or death for which continuation of pay or compensation is payable under this subchapter is caused under circumstances creating a legal liability in a person other than the United States to pay damages, and a beneficiary entitled to continuation of pay or compensation from the United States for that injury or death receives money or other property in satisfaction of that liability as the result of suit or settlement by him or on his behalf, the beneficiary, after deducting therefrom the costs of suit and a reasonable attorney's fee, shall refund to the United States the amount of continuation of pay or compensation paid by the United States and credit any surplus on future payments of compensation payable to him for the same injury. No court, insurer, attorney, or other person shall pay or distribute to the beneficiary or his designee the proceeds of such suit or settlement without first satisfying or assuring satisfaction of the interest of the United States. The amount refunded to the United States shall be credited to the Employees' Compensation Fund. If continuation of pay or compensation has not been paid to the beneficiary, the money or property shall be credited against continuation of pay or compensation payable to him by the United States for the same injury. However, the beneficiary is entitled to retain, as a minimum, at least one-fifth of the net amount of the money or other property remaining after the expenses of a suit or settlement have been deducted; and in addition to this minimum and at the time of distribution, an amount equivalent to a reasonable attorney's fee proportionate to the refund to the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(61), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–416, §15, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3254.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 777. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §27, 39 Stat. 747. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8132 | 5 App.: 777(b) (proviso). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §10(b), 80 Stat. 255. |


The words "However, * * * is entitled to retain * * * plus" are substituted for "*Provided*, That * * * shall have the right to retain * * * and, in addition, to retain".

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–263 inserted "continuation of pay or" before "compensation is payable", before "compensation from the United States", and before "compensation paid by the United States" and substituted "on his behalf" for "in his behalf" and "If continuation of pay or compensation has not been paid to the beneficiary, the money or property shall be credited against continuation of pay or compensation payable to him by the United States for the same injury." for "If compensation has not been paid to the beneficiary, he shall credit the money or property on compensation payable to him by the United States for the same injury." Amendment directing insertion of "continuation of pay or" before " 'compensation paid by the United States" was executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress due to the extra opening quotation mark in the quoted text.

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 made minor changes in phraseology and inserted provision prohibiting a court, etc., from distributing proceeds of suit or settlement without satisfying or assuring satisfaction of the interests of the United States.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) If death results from an injury sustained in the performance of duty, the United States shall pay a monthly compensation equal to a percentage of the monthly pay of the deceased employee in accordance with the following schedule:

(1) To the widow or widower, if there is no child, 50 percent.

(2) To the widow or widower, if there is a child, 45 percent and in addition 15 percent for each child not to exceed a total of 75 percent for the widow or widower and children.

(3) To the children, if there is no widow or widower, 40 percent for one child and 15 percent additional for each additional child not to exceed a total of 75 percent, divided among the children share and share alike.

(4) To the parents, if there is no widow, widower, or child, as follows—

(A) 25 percent if one parent was wholly dependent on the employee at the time of death and the other was not dependent to any extent;

(B) 20 percent to each if both were wholly dependent; or

(C) a proportionate amount in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor if one or both were partly dependent.

If there is a widow, widower, or child, so much of the percentages are payable as, when added to the total percentages payable to the widow, widower, and children, will not exceed a total of 75 percent.

(5) To the brothers, sisters, grandparents, and grandchildren, if there is no widow, widower, child, or dependent parent, as follows—

(A) 20 percent if one was wholly dependent on the employee at the time of death;

(B) 30 percent if more than one was wholly dependent, divided among the dependents share and share alike; or

(C) 10 percent if no one is wholly dependent but one or more is partly dependent, divided among the dependents share and share alike.

If there is a widow, widower, child, or dependent parent, so much of the percentages are payable as, when added to the total percentages payable to the widow, widower, children, and dependent parents, will not exceed a total of 75 percent.

(b) The compensation payable under subsection (a) of this section is paid from the time of death until—

(1) a widow, or widower dies or remarries before reaching age 55;

(2) a child, a brother, a sister, or a grandchild dies, marries, or becomes 18 years of age, or if over age 18 and incapable of self-support becomes capable of self-support; or

(3) a parent or grandparent dies, marries, or ceases to be dependent.

Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of this subsection, compensation payable to or for a child, a brother or sister, or grandchild that would otherwise end because the child, brother or sister, or grandchild has reached 18 years of age shall continue if he is a student as defined by section 8101 of this title at the time he reaches 18 years of age for so long as he continues to be such a student or until he marries. A widow or widower who has entitlements to benefits under this title derived from more than one husband or wife shall elect one entitlement to be utilized.

(c) On the cessation of compensation under this section to or on account of an individual, the compensation of the remaining individuals entitled to compensation for the unexpired part of the period during which their compensation is payable, is that which they would have received if they had been the only individuals entitled to compensation at the time of the death of the employee.

(d) When there are two or more classes of individuals entitled to compensation under this section and the apportionment of compensation under this section would result in injustice, the Secretary may modify the apportionment to meet the requirements of the case.

(e) In computing compensation under this section, the monthly pay is deemed not less than the minimum rate of basic pay for GS–2. However, the total monthly compensation may not exceed—

(1) the monthly pay computed under section 8114 of this title, except for increases authorized by section 8146a of this title; or

(2) 75 percent of the monthly pay of the maximum rate of basic pay for GS–15.

(f) Notwithstanding any funeral and burial expenses paid under section 8134, there shall be paid a sum of $200 to the personal representative of a deceased employee within the meaning of section 8101(1) of this title for reimbursement of the costs of termination of the decedent's status as an employee of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 547; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(62), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–416, §§16(a), 17, 18, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1147, 1149; Pub. L. 101–303, §3(1), May 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 251.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 760 (less last 23 words of 1st sentence in (B); and less (H) and (L)). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §10 (less last 15 words of 1st sentence in (B); and less (H) and (L)), 39 Stat. 744. Feb. 12, 1927, ch. 110, §3, 44 Stat. 1087. |
|

July 28, 1945, ch. 328, §§2 (less last 24 words), 3, 59 Stat. 503. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §106 (less last 23 words of 1st sentence in "(B)" of (c); and less (e)), 63 Stat. 859. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §102, 74 Stat. 906. |


In subsection (a), the words "an injury sustained in the performance of duty" are substituted for "the injury" to clearly identify the type of injury to which the section refers.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8133(b) | 5 App.: 760(G) (last sentence). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §7(a), 80 Stat. 253. |

8133(e) | 5 App.: 760(K). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §3(c), 80 Stat. 252. |


In subsection (b), the words "Notwithstanding paragraph (3) of this subsection" are substituted for "Notwithstanding any other provision of this section" for clarity. The words "section 8101 of this title" are substituted for "section 10(M) of this Act" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5.

In subsection (e), the words "is deemed" are substituted for "shall be considered to be". The words "minimum rate of basic pay for GS–2" and "maximum rate of basic pay for GS–15" are substituted for "lowest rate of basic compensation provided for grade 2 by the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949" and "highest rate of basic compensation provided for grade 15 of the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949," respectively, for consistency of style and to reflect the codification of the Classification Act of 1949 in title 5. The words "under section 8114 of this title" are substituted for "as provided in section 12" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5.

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–303 substituted "age 55" for "age 60".

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–416, §16(a), substituted "50" for "45".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 93–416, §16(a), substituted "45" for "40".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 93–416, §16(a), substituted "40" for "35".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–416, §16(a), inserted "before reaching age 60" after "remarries" in par. (1), struck out par. (2) referring to widower who dies, remarries or becomes capable of self-support, redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (2) and (3), respectively, changed the reference in closing paragraph from paragraph (3) of this subsection to paragraph (2) of this subsection, and inserted provision for election by widower or widow of benefits derived from more than one husband or wife.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 93–416, §17, inserted ", except for increases authorized by section 8146a of this title" before "; or".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–416, §18, added subsec. (f).

Amendment by sections 16(a) and 17 of Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974 but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Amendment by section 18 of Pub. L. 93–416 effective on Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §651], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–368, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 8116 of title 5, United States Code, and in addition to any payment made under 5 U.S.C. 8101 et seq., beginning in fiscal year 1997 and thereafter, the head of any department or agency is authorized to pay from appropriations made available to the department or agency a death gratuity to the personal representative (as that term is defined by applicable law) of a civilian employee of that department or agency whose death resulted from an injury sustained in the line of duty on or after August 2, 1990: *Provided*, That payments made pursuant to this section, in combination with the payments made pursuant to sections 8133(f) and 8134(a) of such title 5 and section 312 of Public Law 103–332 (108 Stat. 2537) [5 U.S.C. 8134 note], may not exceed a total of $10,000 per employee."

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(62)(B) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) If death results from an injury sustained in the performance of duty, the United States shall pay, to the personal representative of the deceased or otherwise, funeral and burial expenses not to exceed $800, in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor.

(b) The body of an employee whose home is in the United States, in the discretion of the Secretary, may be embalmed and transported in a hermetically sealed casket to his home or last place of residence at the expense of the Employees' Compensation Fund if—

(1) the employee dies from—

(A) the injury while away from his home or official station or outside the United States; or

(B) from other causes while away from his home or official station for the purpose of receiving medical or other services, appliances, supplies, or examination under this subchapter; and

(2) the relatives of the employee request the return of his body.

If the relatives do not request the return of the body of the employee, the Secretary may provide for its disposition and incur and pay from the Employees' Compensation Fund the necessary and reasonable transportation, funeral, and burial expenses.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 548.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 761. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §11, 39 Stat. 745. | |

Feb. 12, 1927, ch. 110, §4, 44 Stat. 1087. | ||

July 28, 1945, ch. 328, §2 (last 24 words), 59 Stat. 503. | ||

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §107, 63 Stat. 860. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §103, 74 Stat. 906. |


In subsection (a), the words "an injury sustained in the performance of duty" are substituted for "the injury" to clearly identify the type of injury to which the section refers.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pub. L. 112–87, title III, §310, Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1885, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) who served as a civilian officer or employee of such an agency or department;

"(B) who died as a result of an injury incurred during such service; and

"(C) whose death—

"(i) resulted from hostile or terrorist activities; or

"(ii) occurred in connection with an intelligence activity having a substantial element of risk.

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) in an amount not greater than—

"(A) the maximum reimbursable amount allowed under Department of Defense Instruction 1344.08 or successor instruction; plus

"(B) the actual costs of transportation referred to in subsection (b); and

"(2) in addition to any other benefit permitted under any other provision of law, including funds that may be expended as specified in the General Provisions section of the classified annex accompanying this Act.

"(d)

[For definition of "intelligence community" as used in section 310 of Pub. L. 112–87, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–87, set out as a note under section 3003 of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Pub. L. 103–332, title III, §312, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2537, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law in fiscal year 1995 and thereafter, appropriations made available to any department or agency in a Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act shall be available to that department or agency to reimburse the representative (as that term is defined by applicable law) of employees killed in the line of duty after January 1, 1994, and in subsequent fiscal years, for burial costs and related out-of-pocket expenses: *Provided*, That the amount of such reimbursement may exceed the $800 limitation in 5 U.S.C. 8134(a): *Provided further*, That funds provided pursuant to this authority may not exceed $10,000 per employee."

(a) The liability of the United States for compensation to a beneficiary in the case of death or of permanent total or permanent partial disability may be discharged by a lump-sum payment equal to the present value of all future payments of compensation computed at 4 percent true discount compounded annually if—

(1) the monthly payment to the beneficiary is less than $50 a month;

(2) the beneficiary is or is about to become a nonresident of the United States; or

(3) the Secretary of Labor determines that it is for the best interest of the beneficiary.

The probability of the death of the beneficiary before the expiration of the period during which he is entitled to compensation shall be determined according to the most current United States Life Tables, as developed by the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which shall be updated from time to time, but the lump-sum payment to a widow or widower of the deceased employee may not exceed 60 months' compensation. The probability of the happening of any other contingency affecting the amount or duration of compensation shall be disregarded.

(b) On remarriage before reaching age 55 a widow or widower entitled to compensation under section 8133 of this title, shall be paid a lump sum equal to twenty-four times the monthly compensation payment (excluding compensation on account of another individual) to which he was entitled immediately before the remarriage.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 548; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(63), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 93–416, §§16(b), 19, 20, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 101–303, §3(2), May 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 251.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 764. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §14, 39 Stat. 746. |


Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
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8135(b) | 5 App.: 764(b). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §8, 80 Stat. 254. |


The word "widower" is substituted for "dependent widower" to conform to the definition in 5 U.S.C. 8101(11). The words "section 8133 of title 5" are substituted for "section 10" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5, United States Code.

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–303 substituted "age 55" for "age 60".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §20, substituted provisions relating to use of the most current United States Life Tables, for provisions relating to determination by the American Experience Tables of Mortality.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–416, §19, substituted "$50" for "$5".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–416, §16(b), inserted "before reaching age 60" after "On remarriage".

United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated the United States Department of Health and Human Services by section 3508 of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(63) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

If an employee is injured outside the continental United States, the Secretary of Labor may arrange and provide for initial payment of compensation and initial furnishing of other benefits under this subchapter by an employee or agent of the United States designated by the Secretary for that purpose in the locality in which the employee was employed or the injury occurred.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 549.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 793 (2d sentence of 4th par.) | July 29, 1942, ch. 533 (2d sentence), 56 Stat. 725. |


The word "continental" is added on authority of the last sentence of the fifth paragraph of former section 793, which is carried into section 8137.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) When the Secretary of Labor finds that the amount of compensation payable to an employee who is neither a citizen nor resident of the United States or Canada, or payable to a dependent of such an employee, is substantially disproportionate to compensation for disability or death payable in similar cases under local statute, regulation, custom, or otherwise at the place outside the continental United States or Canada where the employee is working at the time of injury, he may provide for payment of compensation on a basis reasonably in accord with prevailing local payments in similar cases by—

(1) the adoption or adaption of the substantive features, by a schedule or otherwise, of local workmen's compensation provisions or other local statute, regulation, or custom applicable in cases of personal injury or death; or

(2) establishing special schedules of compensation for injury, death, and loss of use of members and functions of the body for specific classes of employees, areas, and places.

Irrespective of the basis adopted, the Secretary may at any time—

(A) modify or limit the maximum monthly and total aggregate payments for injury, death, and medical or other benefits;

(B) modify or limit the percentages of the wage of the employee payable as compensation for the injury or death; and

(C) modify, limit, or redesignate the class or classes of beneficiaries entitled to death benefits, including the designation of persons, representatives, or groups entitled to payment under local statute or custom whether or not included in the classes of beneficiaries otherwise specified by this subchapter.

(b) In a case under this section, the Secretary or his designee may—

(1) make a lump-sum award in the manner prescribed by section 8135 of this title when he or his designee considers it to be for the best interest of the United States; and

(2) compromise and pay a claim for benefits, including a claim in which there is a dispute as to jurisdiction or other fact or a question of law.

Compensation paid under this subsection is instead of all other compensation from the United States for the same injury or death, and a payment made under this subsection is deemed compensation under this subchapter and is satisfaction of all liability of the United States in respect to the particular injury or death.

(c) The Secretary may delegate to an employee or agency of the United States, with such limitations and right of review as he considers advisable, authority to process, adjudicate, commute by lump-sum award, compromise, and pay a claim or class of claims for compensation, and to provide other benefits, locally, under this section, in accordance with such regulations and instructions as the Secretary considers necessary. For this purpose, the Secretary may provide or transfer funds, including reimbursement of amounts paid under this subchapter.

(d) The Secretary may waive the application of this subchapter in whole or in part and for such period or periods as he may fix if he finds that—

(1) conditions prevent the establishment of facilities for processing and adjudicating claims under this section; or

(2) claimants under this section are alien enemies.

(e) The Secretary may apply this section retrospectively with adjustment of compensation and benefits as he considers necessary and proper.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 549.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 793 (5th par., less penultimate sentence). | July 28, 1945, ch. 328, §4 (less penultimate sentence), 59 Stat. 503. |


The last sentence of former section 793 is omitted as it consists of a definition which is fully spelled out when the words "United States" are used as a geographical reference.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan. No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, the minimum limit on monthly compensation for disability under section 8112 of this title and the minimum limit on monthly pay on which death compensation is computed under section 8133 of this title do not apply in the case of a noncitizen employee, or a class or classes of noncitizen employees, who sustain injury outside the continental United States. The Secretary of Labor may establish a minimum monthly pay on which death compensation is computed in the case of a class or classes of such noncitizen employees.

(b) The President may remove or modify the minimum limit on monthly compensation for disability under section 8112 of this title and the minimum limit on monthly pay on which death compensation is computed under section 8133 of this title in the case of an alien employee, or a class or classes of alien employees, of the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 550.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 793 (4th par., less 2d sentence). | July 29, 1942, ch. 533 (less 2d sentence), 56 Stat. 725. Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §210, 74 Stat. 910. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 793 (2d sentence of 2d par.). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §42 (2d sentence of 2d par.), 39 Stat. 750. |

Apr. 6, 1938, ch. 79 "Sec. 42 (2d sentence of 2d par.)", 52 Stat. 201. |


In subsection (a), the words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority. The word "continental" is added on authority of the last sentence of the fifth paragraph of former section 793, which is carried into section 8137.

In subsection (b), the words "Canal Zone Government" and "Panama Canal Company" are substituted for "Panama Canal" and "Panama Railroad Company", respectively, on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2(a), 64 Stat. 1038.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For definition of Canal Zone Government and Panama Canal Company, referred to in text, see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Compensation awarded to an employee of the government of the District of Columbia shall be paid in the manner provided by statute for the payment of the general expenses of the government of the District of Columbia.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 550.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 794 (less 1st sentence). | July 11, 1919, ch. 7, §11 (less 1st sentence), 41 Stat. 104. |


The words "Compensation awarded" are substituted for "Such compensation as the Secretary may award".

The last sentence of former section 794, requiring that the Commissioners of the District of Columbia submit to Congress through the Bureau of the Budget estimates of appropriations, is omitted as obsolete. The Budget and Accounting Act, 1921, as amended, 31 U.S.C. 2 et seq., prescribes the procedures for presenting all budget estimates for the government of the District of Columbia and provides that the budget submission to Congress be made by the President.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

See Pub. L. 93–198, title II, §204(e), Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 783, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this section, this subchapter applies to a member of, or applicant for membership in, the Reserve Officers' Training Corps of the Army, Navy, or Air Force who suffers an injury, disability, or death incurred, or an illness contracted, in line of duty—

(1) while engaged in a flight or in flight instruction under chapter 103 of title 10; or

(2) during the period of the member's attendance at training or a practice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10, United States Code, beginning when the authorized travel to the training or practice cruise begins and ending when authorized travel from the training or practice cruise ends.

(b) For the purpose of this section, an injury, disability, death, or illness of a member referred to in subsection (a) may be considered as incurred or contracted in line of duty only if the injury, disability, or death is incurred, or the illness is contracted, by the member during a period described in that subsection. Subject to review by the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of the military department concerned (under regulations prescribed by that Secretary), shall determine whether an injury, disability, or death was incurred, or an illness was contracted, by a member in line of duty.

(c) In computing the compensation payable under this section, the monthly pay received by the injured or deceased individual, in cash and kind, is deemed $150.

(d) The Secretary of the military department concerned shall cooperate fully with the Department of Labor in the prompt investigation and prosecution of a case involving the legal liability of a third party other than the United States.

(e) An individual may not receive disability benefits under this section while on active duty with the armed forces, but these benefits may be reinstated when the individual is released from that active duty.

(f) Expenses incurred by a military department in providing hospitalization, medical and surgical care, necessary transportation incident to that hospitalization or medical and surgical care, or in connection with a funeral and burial on behalf of an individual covered by subsection (a) of this section shall be reimbursed by the Secretary of Labor from the Employees' Compensation Fund in accordance with this subchapter. However, reimbursement may not be made for hospitalization or medical or surgical care provided an individual by a military department in a facility of a military department.

(g) For purposes of this section, the term "applicant for membership" includes a student enrolled, during a semester or other enrollment term, in a course which is part of Reserve Officers' Training Corps instruction at an educational institution.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 550; Pub. L. 100–456, div. A, title VI, §633(b), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1986; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §655(a)–(c), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2053.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 802. | Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 830, §4, 70 Stat. 805. Oct. 13, 1964, Pub. L. 88–647, §302, 78 Stat. 1073. |


In subsection (a), the words "Subject to the provisions of this section" are added for clarity.

In subsection (c), the last sentence of former section 802(b) is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (d), the words "Nothing in this section shall be construed to hinder the prompt action authorized by sections 776 and 777 of this title in any case involving the legal liability of a third party other than the United States" are omitted as unnecessary as there is nothing in the section that reasonably could be so construed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–261, §655(c), inserted ", or an illness contracted," after "death incurred" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–261, §655(a), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "while performing authorized travel to or from, or while attending, training or a practice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–261, §655(b), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "For the purpose of this section, an injury is incurred in line of duty only if it is the proximate result of the performance of military training by the member concerned, or of his travel to or from that training, during the periods specified by subsection (a)(2) of this section. A member or applicant for membership who contracts a disease or illness which is the proximate result of the performance of training during the periods specified by subsection (a)(2) of this section is considered for the purpose of this section to have been injured in line of duty during that period. Subject to review by the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary of the military department concerned, under regulations prescribed by him, shall determine whether or not an injury, disease, or illness was incurred or contracted in line of duty and was the proximate result of the performance of military training by the member concerned or of his travel to or from that military training."

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–456, §633(b)(1)(A), substituted "who suffers an injury, disability, or death" for "who suffers disability or death from an injury" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 100–456, §633(b)(1)(B), struck out "field" before "training".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–456, §633(b)(2), substituted "by a military department in a facility of a military department" for "while attending field training or a practice cruise under chapter 103 of title 10".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–456, §633(b)(3), added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VI, §655(d), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2053, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998] and apply with respect to injuries, illnesses, disabilities, and deaths incurred or contracted on or after that date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–456 applicable only with respect to training performed after Sept. 30, 1988, see section 633(e) of Pub. L. 100–456, set out as a note under section 2109 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 97–306, title I, §113(c), Oct. 14, 1982, 96 Stat. 1432, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 8140 of title 5, United States Code, subchapter I of chapter 81 of such title does not apply in the case of a disability suffered by a member of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps of the Army, Navy, or Air Force that is compensable under chapter 11 of title 38, United States Code, or a death suffered by such a member for which dependency and indemnity compensation is payable under chapter 13 of such title [section 401 et seq. of Title 38]."

[Section 113(d) of Pub. L. 97–306 provided that these provisions shall apply only with respect to deaths and disabilities resulting from diseases or injuries incurred or aggravated after September 30, 1982.]

(a) Subject to the provisions of this section, this subchapter applies to a volunteer civilian member of the Civil Air Patrol, except a Civil Air Patrol Cadet under 18 years of age.

(b) In administering this subchapter for a member of the Civil Air Patrol covered by this section—

(1) the monthly pay of a member is deemed the rate of basic pay payable for step 1 of grade GS–9 in the General Schedule under section 5332 of this title for the purpose of computing compensation for disability or death;

(2) the percentages applicable to payments under section 8133 of this title are—

(A) 45 percent for section 8133(a)(2) of this title, if the member dies fully or currently insured under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, with no additional payments for a child or children while the widow or widower remains eligible for payments under section 8133(a)(2) of this title;

(B) 20 percent for section 8133(a)(3) of this title for one child and 10 percent additional for each additional child, but not to exceed a total of 75 percent, if the member died fully or currently insured under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42; and

(C) 25 percent for section 8133(a)(4) of this title, if one parent was wholly dependent on the deceased member at the time of his death and the other was not dependent to any extent; 16 percent to each, if both were wholly dependent; and if one was or both were partly dependent, a proportionate amount in the discretion of the Secretary of Labor;

(3) a payment may not be made under section 8133(a)(5) of this title;

(4) "performance of duty" means only active service, and travel to and from that service, rendered in performance or support of operational missions of the Civil Air Patrol under direction of the Department of the Air Force and under written authorization by competent authority covering a specific assignment and prescribing a time limit for the assignment; and

(5) the Secretary of Labor or his designee shall inform the Commissioner of Social Security when a claim is filed and eligibility for compensation is established under section 8133(a)(2) or (3) of this title, and the Commissioner of Social Security shall certify to the Secretary of Labor as to whether or not the member concerned was fully or currently insured under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42 at the time of his death.

(c) The Secretary of Labor or his designee may inform the Secretary of the Air Force or his designee when a claim is filed. The Secretary of the Air Force, on request of the Secretary of Labor, shall advise him of the facts concerning the injury and whether or not the member was rendering service, or engaged in travel to or from service, in performance or support of an operational mission of the Civil Air Patrol at the time of injury. This subsection does not dispense with the report of the immediate superior of the member required by section 8120 of this title, or other reports agreed on under that section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 551; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1258(a), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(e)(4), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1486.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 803 (less (d)). | Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 926, §1 "Sec. 3 (less (d))", 70 Stat. 980. |


Subsection (d) of former section 803, providing for retroactive applicability, is omitted as executed (see Table II).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, referred to in text, is section 401 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–296 substituted "Commissioner of Social Security" for "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" in two places.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–94, §1258(a)(1), inserted "under 18 years of age" after "Civil Air Patrol Cadet".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–94, §1258(a)(2), substituted "the rate of basic pay payable for step 1 of grade GS–9 in the General Schedule under section 5332 of this title" for "$300".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–296 effective Mar. 31, 1995, see section 110(a) of Pub. L. 103–296, set out as a note under section 401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1258(b), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 702, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1983].

"(2) The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall apply only to deaths or injuries occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1983].

"(3) The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending this section] shall apply only to the computation of compensation payable for periods commencing on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1983]."

(a) For the purpose of this section, "volunteer" means—

(1) a volunteer enrolled in the Peace Corps under section 2504 of title 22;

(2) a volunteer leader enrolled in the Peace Corps under section 2505 of title 22; and

(3) an applicant for enrollment as a volunteer or volunteer leader during a period of training under section 2507(a) of title 22 before enrollment.

(b) Subject to the provisions of this section, this subchapter applies to a volunteer, except that entitlement to disability compensation payments does not commence until the day after the date of termination of his service as a volunteer.

(c) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) a volunteer is deemed receiving monthly pay at the minimum rate for GS–7;

(2) a volunteer leader referred to by section 2505 of title 22, or a volunteer with one or more minor children as defined in section 2504 of title 22, is deemed receiving monthly pay at the minimum rate for GS–11;

(3) an injury suffered by a volunteer when he is outside the several States and the District of Columbia is deemed proximately caused by his employment, unless the injury or disease is—

(A) caused by willful misconduct of the volunteer;

(B) caused by the volunteer's intention to bring about the injury or death of himself or of another; or

(C) proximately caused by the intoxication of the injured volunteer; and

(4) the period of service of an individual as a volunteer includes—

(A) any period of training under section 2507(a) of title 22 before enrollment as a volunteer; and

(B) the period between enrollment as a volunteer and the termination of service as a volunteer by the President or by death or resignation.

(d)(1) The Secretary shall authorize the Director of the Peace Corps to furnish medical benefits to a volunteer, who is injured during the volunteer's period of service, for a period of 120 days following the termination of such service if the Director certifies that the volunteer's injury probably meets the requirements under subsection (c)(3). The Secretary may then certify vouchers for these expenses for such volunteer out of the Employees' Compensation Fund.

(2) The Secretary shall prescribe the form and content of the certification required under paragraph (1).

(3) A certification under paragraph (1) will cease to be effective if the volunteer sustains compensable disability in connection with volunteer service.

(4) Nothing in this subsection may be construed to authorize the furnishing of any medical benefit that the Secretary of Labor is not otherwise authorized to reimburse for former Peace Corps volunteers who receive treatment for injury or disease proximately caused by their service in the Peace Corps in accordance with this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 552; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(64), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 93–416, §23(b), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 115–256, title I, §102, Oct. 9, 2018, 132 Stat. 3652.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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22 U.S.C. 2504(d). | Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87–293, §5(d), 75 Stat. 613. |


Subsection (a) is based on sections 2504(a), 2505, and 2507(a) of title 22.

In subsection (b), the words "Subject to the provisions of this section" are added for clarity and to conform to the style of sections 8140 and 8141. The words "of the United States Government" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "employee" in section 8101(1).

In subsection (c), the words "outside the several States, territories and possessions of the United States, and the District of Columbia" are substituted for "abroad" on authority of section 2522(a), (b) of title 22. References to "the general schedule established by the Classification Act of 1949, as amended" are omitted as unnecessary.

Subsection (c)(4) is added on authority of section 2522(e) of title 22.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 8142 of title 5 was derived from section 2504(d) of title 22. This amendment reflects changes, effected by the act of Sept. 13, 1966, Public Law 89–572, section 4, 80 Stat. 765, in the definitions applicable to section 2504(d) by virtue of section 2522(a), (b) of title 22.

**2018**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–256 added subsec. (d).

**1974**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 93–416 inserted provision relating to a volunteer with one or more minor children.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 effective on Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any injury or death occurring on or after such effective date, see section 23(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

(a) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, this subchapter applies to an enrollee in the Job Corps, except that compensation for disability does not begin to accrue until the day after the date on which the injured enrollee is terminated. In administering this subchapter for an enrollee covered by this subsection—

(1) the monthly pay of an enrollee is deemed that received at the minimum rate for GS–2;

(2) section 8113(a) of this title applies to an enrollee; and

(3) "performance of duty" does not include an act of an enrollee while absent from his assigned post of duty, except while participating in an activity (including an activity while on pass or during travel to or from the post of duty) authorized by or under the direction and supervision of the Job Corps.

(b) This subchapter applies to a volunteer in service to America who receives either a living allowance or a stipend under part A of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of title 42, with respect to that service and training, to the same extent as enrollees of the Job Corps under subsection (a) of this section. However, for the purpose of the computation described in subsection (a)(1) of this section, the monthly pay of a volunteer is deemed that received at the minimum rate for GS–5 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(65), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 212; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(19), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 93–416, §8(b), Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 103–82, title III, §384, Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 915.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 42 U.S.C. 2716(c). | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–452, §106(c), 78 Stat. 510. |

(b) | 42 U.S.C. 2943(d) (words after 6th comma, as applicable to 42 U.S.C. 2716(c)). | Aug. 20, 1964, Pub. L. 88–452, §603(d) (words after 6th comma, as applicable to §106(c)), 78 Stat. 531. |


In subsection (a)(1), reference to "the Classification Act of 1949 (5 U.S.C. 1071 et seq.)" is omitted as unnecessary. In subsection (a)(3)(B), the word "his" is substituted for "his or her" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1.

In subsection (b), the words "in service to America" are inserted after "volunteer" for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
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8143(a)(1) | 42: 2716(c)(2)(B). | Nov. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–794, §109, 80 Stat. 1453. |

8143(a)(3) | 42: 2716(c)(2)(A). | Oct. 9, 1965, Pub. L. 89–253, §6, 79 Stat. 973. |

8143(b) | 42: 2991c(b) (as applicable to 42: 2716(c)). | Nov. 8, 1966, Pub. L. 89–794, §801 "Sec. 804(b) (as applicable to §106(c) of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964)", 80 Stat. 1474. |


In subsection (a)(3), the words "in the Federal Employees' Compensation Act" are omitted as unnecessary since that act is codified in that subchapter of title 5, United States Code, in which section 8143 is a part. The word "his" is substituted for "his or hers" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1. The words "Job Corps" are substituted for "Corps" on authority of 42 U.S.C. 2712.

In subsection (b), the words "in service to America" are inserted after "volunteer" in two places for clarity. The words "subsection (a)(2) of this section" are substituted for "paragraph (2)(B) of section 106(c)" to reflect the codification of that paragraph in title 5. The words "at the minimum rate for GS–7" are substituted for "under the entrance salary for GS–7 of the General Schedule for section 5332, title 5, United States Code" to conform to the style of title 5.

Part A of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of title 42, referred to in subsec. (b), is part A of title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 73 Stat. 508, known as the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964. Part A of title VIII of that Act, as added by Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, was classified generally to part A (§2992 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417. See sections 4951 et seq. and 5055 of Title 42.

**1993**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–82 substituted "GS–5 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code" for "GS–7".

**1974**—Pub. L. 93–416 struck out ", (b)" after "section 8113(a)".

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 reenacted section in its entirety making minor changes in phraseology.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 392 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as a note under section 4951 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to case where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Subject to the provisions of this section, this subchapter applies to a member of the National Teacher Corps. In administering this subchapter for a member covered by this section—

(1) "performance of duty" does not include an act of a member while—

(A) on authorized leave; or

(B) absent from his assigned post of duty, except while participating in an activity authorized by or under the direction or supervision of the Commissioner of Education; and

(2) in computing compensation for disability or death, the monthly pay of a member is deemed his actual pay or that received at the minimum rate for GS–6, whichever is greater.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(66)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 212.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8143a | 20: 1105(b). | Nov. 8, 1965, Pub. L. 89–329, §515(b), 79 Stat. 1257. |


The words "a member of the National Teacher Corps" are substituted for "such members" on authority of 20 U.S.C. 1102, 1105(a). In paragraph (1)(B), the words "Commissioner of Education" are substituted for "Commissioner" on authority of 20 U.S.C. 1141(f). In paragraph (2), the words "at the minimum rate for GS–6" are substituted for "under the entrance salary for grade 6," and the reference to the General Schedule of the Classification Act of 1949 is omitted as unnecessary.

Functions of Commissioner of Education of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare transferred to Secretary of Education by section 3441(a)(1) of Title 20, Education.

(a)

(1)

(A) is trained in fire suppression;

(B) has the legal authority and responsibility to engage in fire suppression;

(C) is engaged in the prevention, control, or extinguishment of fires or response to emergency situations in which life, property, or the environment is at risk, including the prevention, control, suppression, or management of wildland fires; and

(D) performs the activities described in subparagraph (C) as a primary responsibility of the job of the employee.

(2)

(3)

(b) 1

(1) 2 of employment as an employee in fire protection activities.

(2)

(A) Bladder cancer.

(B) Brain cancer.

(C) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

(D) Colorectal cancer.

(E) Esophageal cancer.

(F) Kidney cancer.

(G) Leukemias.

(H) Lung cancer.

(I) Mesothelioma.

(J) Multiple myeloma.

(K) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

(L) Prostate cancer.

(M) Skin cancer (melanoma).

(N) A sudden cardiac event or stroke suffered while, or not later than 24 hours after, engaging in the activities described in subsection (a)(1)(C).

(O) Testicular cancer.

(P) Thyroid cancer.

(3)

(A)

(i)

(I) in consultation with the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and any advisory committee determined appropriate by the Secretary, periodically review the list established under paragraph (2); and

(II) if the Secretary determines that the weight of the best available scientific evidence warrants adding an illness or disease to the list established under paragraph (2), as described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, make such an addition through a rule that clearly identifies that scientific evidence.

(ii)

(B)

(C)

(Added Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(1)(A), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3251.)

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(1)(C), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3253, provided that: "The amendments made by this paragraph [enacting this section] shall apply to claims for compensation filed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022]."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3253, provided that: "Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary of Labor (referred to in this subsection as the 'Secretary') shall establish a process by which an employee in fire protection activities, as defined in subsection (a) of section 8143b of title 5, United States Code, as added by paragraph (1) of this subsection (referred to in this subsection as an 'employee in fire protection activities') filing a claim under chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this subsection, relating to an illness or disease on the list established under subsection (b)(2) of such section 8143b (referred to in this subsection as ' 'the list' [sic]) as the list may be updated under such section 8143b, shall be informed about, and offered the opportunity to contribute to science by voluntarily enrolling in, the National Firefighter Registry or a similar research or public health initiative conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(3), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3253, provided that: "Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], the Secretary [of Labor] shall—

"(A) evaluate the best available scientific evidence of the risk to an employee in fire protection activities of developing breast cancer, gynecological cancers, and rhabdomyolysis;

"(B) add breast cancer, gynecological cancers, and rhabdomyolysis to the list, by rule in accordance with subsection (b)(3) of section 8143b of title 5, United States Code, as added by paragraph (1) of this subsection, if the Secretary determines that such evidence supports that addition; and

"(C) submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Labor [now Committee on Education and the Workforce] of the House of Representatives a report containing—

"(i) the findings of the Secretary after making the evaluation required under subparagraph (A); and

"(ii) the determination of the Secretary under subparagraph (B)."

["The list" as used in section 5305(a)(3) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out above, defined as in subsec. (b)(2) of this section, see section 5305(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a note above.]

1 So in original. Probably should be "

A student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title who suffers disability or death as a result of personal injury arising out of and in the course of training, or incurred in the performance of duties in connection with that training, is considered for the purpose of this subchapter an employee who incurred the injury in the performance of duty.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 553.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 1053. | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §4, 61 Stat. 727. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Secretary of Labor shall administer, and decide all questions arising under, this subchapter. He may—

(1) appoint employees to administer this subchapter; and

(2) delegate to any employee of the Department of Labor any of the powers conferred on him by this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 553.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 778. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §28, 39 Stat. 748. | |

Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §205(a), (c)(1), 63 Stat. 864. | ||

[Uncodified]. | 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §3 (less 2d sentence), eff. July 16, 1946, 60 Stat. 1095. | |

[Uncodified]. | 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, §1, eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1271. | |

5 U.S.C. 781. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §30, 39 Stat. 748. | |

5 U.S.C. 783 (last 9 words). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §32 (last 9 words), 39 Stat. 749. |


The last 20 words of former section 781 are omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "competitive service" in section 2102 and the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 33 concerning examination and certification for and appointment in the competitive service.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

See Pub. L. 93–198, title II, §204(e), Dec. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 783, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

(a) The President, from time to time, may transfer the administration of this subchapter—

(1) so far as employees of the Panama Canal Commission are concerned to the Commission; and

(2) so far as employees of The Alaska Railroad are concerned to the general manager of The Alaska Railroad.

(b) When administration is transferred under subsection (a) of this section, the expenses incident to physical examinations which are payable under section 8123 of this title shall be paid from appropriations for the Panama Canal Commission or for The Alaska Railroad, as the case may be, instead of from the Employees' Compensation Fund. The President may authorize the Panama Canal Commission and the general manager of The Alaska Railroad to pay the compensation provided by this subchapter, including medical, surgical, and hospital services and supplies under section 8103 of this title and the transportation and burial expenses under sections 8103 and 8134 of this title, from appropriations for the Panama Canal Commission and for The Alaska Railroad, and these appropriations shall be reimbursed for the payments by transfer of funds from the Employees' Compensation Fund.

(c) The President may authorize the Panama Canal Commission to waive, at its discretion, the making of the claim required by section 8121 of this title in the case of compensation to an employee of the Panama Canal Commission for temporary disability, either total or partial.

(d) When administration is transferred under subsection (a) of this section to the general manager of The Alaska Railroad, the Secretary of Labor is not divested of jurisdiction and a claimant is entitled to appeal from the decision of the general manager of The Alaska Railroad to the Secretary of Labor. The Secretary on receipt of an appeal shall, or on his own motion may, review the decision of the general manager of The Alaska Railroad, and in accordance with the facts found on review may proceed under section 8128 of this title. The Secretary shall provide the form and manner of taking an appeal.

(e) The same right of appeal exists with respect to claims filed by employees of the Panama Canal Commission or their dependents in case of death, as is provided with respect to the claims of other employees to whom this subchapter applies, under section 8149 of this title. The Employees' Compensation Appeals Board referred to by section 8149 of this title has jurisdiction, under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, over appeals relating to claims of the employees or their dependents.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(9), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 793 (1st 3 pars., less 2d sentence of 2d par.). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §42 (less 2d sentence of 2d par.), 39 Stat. 750. Apr. 6, 1938, ch. 79 "Sec. 42 (less 2d sentence of 2d par.)", 52 Stat. 200. Aug. 30, 1964, Pub. L. 88–508, 78 Stat. 666. |


In subsection (a), the words "in which cases the words 'Secretary' and 'his' wherever they appear in sections 751–756, 757–781, 783–791, and 793 of this title shall, so far as necessary to give effect to such transfer, be read, 'Governor of the Canal Zone' or 'the general manager of The Alaska Railroad', as the case may be, and 'his' " are omitted as surplusage.

In subsection (b), the words "the Employees' Compensation Fund" are substituted for "appropriation for the work of the Secretary" in view of former section 771, which is carried into section 8123, which provides that all such expenses shall be paid from the Fund.

In subsections (b) and (c), the words "Canal Zone Government", "Panama Canal Company", and "Governor of the Canal Zone" are substituted for "Panama Canal", "Panama Railroad Company", and "Governor of the Panama Canal", respectively, on authority of the Act of Sept. 26, 1950, ch. 1049, §2, 64 Stat. 1038.

In subsection (e), the words "of other employees to whom this subchapter applies" are substituted for "of other employees of the Federal Government" for clarity and in view of the provisions of section 8149. The words "Employees' Compensation Appeals Board" are substituted for "Appeals Board" to reflect the full title of the Board

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1979**—Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(9)(A), substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(9)(B), substituted "Panama Canal Commission are concerned to the Commission" for "Canal Zone Government and of the Panama Canal Company are concerned to the Governor of the Canal Zone".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(9)(C)–(E), substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone Government" in two places and "Panama Canal Commission" for "Governor of the Canal Zone" and struck out "or from funds from the Panama Canal Company" after "The Alaska Railroad".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(9)(F), substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Governor of the Canal Zone" and "employee of the Panama Canal Commission" for "employee of the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 96–70, §3302(e)(9)(G), substituted "Panama Canal Commission" for "Canal Zone Government and of the Panama Canal Company".

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

(a) Compensation payable on account of disability or death which occurred more than one year before March 1 of each year shall be annually increased on that date by the amount determined by the Secretary of Labor to represent the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for the December of the year prior to the preceding year, adjusted to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent.

(b) The regular periodic compensation payments after adjustment under this section shall be fixed at the nearest dollar. However, the regular periodic compensation after adjustment shall reflect an increase of at least $1.

(c) This section shall be applicable to persons excluded by section 15 of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1966 (Public Law 89–488) under the following statutes: Act of February 15, 1934 (48 Stat. 351); Act of June 26, 1936 (49 Stat. 2035); Act of April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115); Act of July 25, 1942 (56 Stat. 710); Public Law 84–955 (August 3, 1956); Public Law 77–784 (December 2, 1942); Public Law 84–879 (August 1, 1956); Public Law 80–896 (July 3, 1948); Act of September 8, 1959 (73 Stat. 469). Benefit payments to these persons shall initially be increased by the total percentage of the increases in the price index from the base month of July 1966, to the next most recent base month following the effective date of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 90–83, §1(67)(A), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 212; amended Pub. L. 93–416, §§21, 24, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1149, 1150; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §421(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2608.)

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8146a(a) 8146a(b) |
5 App.: 793a(a). 5 App.: 793a(b). |
July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §14 "Sec. 43(a), (b)", 80 Stat. 256. |


In subsection (a), the words "After the month during which this section becomes effective," following "Each month," are omitted as executed and unnecessary. The words "Secretary of Labor" are substituted for "Secretary" on authority of section 40(i) of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act. In the second sentence, the words "latest base month" are substituted for "most recent base month."

So much of section 14 of Public Law 89–488 as redesignated section 43 of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act as section 44 is omitted as unnecessary in view of the codification of that act in title 5, United States Code.

"Persons excluded by section 15 of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1966", referred to in subsec. (c), means persons excluded by section 15 of Pub. L. 89–488, July 4, 1966, 80 Stat. 256, which was set out as a note under section 756 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, prior to the 1966 revision of Title 5 by Pub. L. 89–554. Such section 15 of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1966 directed that benefit increases mandated by the Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1966 not apply to employees unless such employees fell within the definition of "employees" in section 40(b) (1) or (2) of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act [section 790(b)(1) or (2) of former Title 5]. As a result section 15 of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act Amendments of 1966 served to prohibit increases to persons to whom the benefits of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act had been extended over the years by Acts described in subsec. (c) as follows:

Act of February 15, 1934 (48 Stat. 351) which extended coverage to employees of the Federal Civil Works Administration and was classified to section 796 of former Title 5.

Act of June 26, 1936 (49 Stat. 2035) probably means Act of June 29, 1936 which extended coverage to certain W.W. I veterans and was set out as a note under section 134 of former Title 38, Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief.

Act of April 8, 1935 (49 Stat. 115) which extended coverage to certain emergency relief personnel, is act April 8, 1935, ch. 48, 49 Stat. 115, which was enacted as legislation supplementary to the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933, was classified to sections 721 and 728 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and was omitted from the Code as temporary.

Act of July 25, 1942 (56 Stat. 710) which extended coverage to certain personnel of the War Relocation Authority, was set out as a note under section 796 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

Public Law 84–955 (Aug. 3, 1956) which extended coverage to certain Civil Air Patrol personnel was set out as a note under section 760 of former Title 5.

Public Law 77–784 (December 2, 1942), which extended coverage to war risk hazards of certain employees of federal contractors, is act Dec. 2, 1942, ch. 668, 56 Stat. 1028, titles I and II of which are popularly known as the War Hazards Compensation Act, and is classified principally to chapter 12 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Public Law 84–879 (August 1, 1956), which extended coverage to certain members of the Reserve Officers Training Corps of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, was classified to section 802 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees.

Public Law 80–896 (July 3, 1948), which extended coverage to certain persons entitled to war claims, is act July 3, 1948, ch. 826, 62 Stat. 1240, popularly known as the War Claims Act of 1948, which is classified generally to chapter 51 (§4101 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Act of September 8, 1959 (73 Stat. 469) which transferred from the Department of Commerce to the Department of Labor certain functions in respect to insurance benefits and disability payments to seamen for W.W. II service-connected injuries, death, or disability, was not classified to the Code.

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–499 substituted "Compensation" for "Each month the Secretary of Labor shall determine the percent change in the price index. Effective the first day of the month which begins after the price index change equals a rise of at least 3 percent for 3 consecutive months over the price index for the latest base month, compensation", "March 1 of each year shall be annually increased" for "that first day shall be increased" and "amount determined by the Secretary of Labor to represent the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for the December of the year prior to the preceding year," for "percent rise in the price index (calculated on the highest level of the price index during the 3 consecutive months)".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §21, substituted "Effective the first day of the month" for "Effective the first day of the third month".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–416, §21, substituted "regular periodic compensation payments" for "monthly compensation".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–416, §24, added subsec. (c).

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 96–499, see section 422 of Pub. L. 96–499, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to the period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Increases authorized by this section not applicable to employees and individuals not within the definition of "employee" in section 8101(1)(A), (B), or (D) of this title, members of the Metropolitan Police or the Fire Department of the District of Columbia who are pensioned or pensionable under sections 521 to 535 of title 4, District of Columbia Code, or members of a uniformed service, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) There is in the Treasury of the United States the Employees' Compensation Fund which consists of sums that Congress, from time to time, may appropriate for or transfer to it, and amounts that otherwise accrue to it under this subchapter or other statute. The Fund is available without time limit for the payment of compensation and other benefits and expenses, except administrative expenses, authorized by this subchapter or any extension or application thereof, except as otherwise provided by this subchapter or other statute. The Secretary of Labor shall submit annually to the Office of Management and Budget estimates of appropriations necessary for the maintenance of the Fund. For the purpose of this subsection, "administrative expenses" does not include expenses for legal services performed by or for the Secretary under sections 8131 and 8132 of this title.

(b) Before August 15 of each year, the Secretary shall furnish to each agency and instrumentality of the United States having an employee who is or may be entitled to compensation benefits under this subchapter or any extension or application thereof a statement showing the total cost of benefits and other payments made from the Employees' Compensation Fund during the preceding July 1 through June 30 expense period on account of the injury or death of employees or individuals under the jurisdiction of the agency or instrumentality. Each agency and instrumentality shall include in its annual budget estimates for the fiscal year beginning in the next calendar year a request for an appropriation in an amount equal to the costs. Sums appropriated pursuant to the request shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the Fund within 30 days after they are available. An agency or instrumentality not dependent on an annual appropriation shall make the deposit required by this subsection from funds under its control during the first fifteen days of October following the furnishing of the statement. If an agency or instrumentality (or part or function thereof) is transferred to another agency or instrumentality, the cost of compensation benefits and other expenses paid from the Fund on account of the injury or death of employees of the transferred agency or instrumentality (or part or function) shall be included in costs of the receiving agency or instrumentality.

(c) In addition to the contributions for the maintenance of the Employees' Compensation Fund required by this section, the United States Postal Service, or a mixed ownership corporation as defined by section 9101(2) of title 31, or any other corporation or agency or instrumentality (or activity thereof) which is required by statute to submit an annual budget pursuant to or as provided by chapter 91 of title 31, shall pay an additional amount for its fair share of the cost of administration of this subchapter as determined by the Secretary. With respect to these corporations, agencies, and instrumentalities, the charges billed by the Secretary under this section shall include an additional amount for these costs, which shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts from the sources authorized and in the manner otherwise provided by this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 554; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(68), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 213; Pub. L. 93–416, §§25, 26, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 94–273, §42, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 97–258, §3(a)(17), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 785. | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §35, 39 Stat. 749. Sept. 12, 1950, ch. 946, §301(92), 64 Stat. 844. Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–767, §209, 74 Stat. 909. |


In subsection (b), the words "each agency and instrumentality of the United States" are substituted for "each executive department and each agency or instrumentality of the United States or other establishment". The words "(hereinafter called 'agency')" are omitted as unnecessary because "agency or instrumentality" is substituted for "agency" in the remainder of this subsection and in subsection (c). The words "occurring after December 1, 1960" are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8147(a) | 5 App.: 785(d). | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §10(c), 80 Stat. 255. |


The word "performed" is substituted for "rendered" to conform to the style of title 5. The words "sections 8131 and 8132 of this title" are substituted for "sections 26 and 27" to reflect the codification of those sections in title 5.

**1982**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–258 substituted "section 9101(2)" for "section 856", and "chapter 91" for "sections 841–869".

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–273 inserted "during the first fifteen days of October following the furnishing of the statement" after "its control" and substituted "July 1 through June 30 expense period" for "fiscal year" and "the fiscal year beginning in the next calendar year" for "the next fiscal year".

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–416, §26, substituted "Office of Management and Budget" for "Bureau of the Budget".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–416, §25, inserted reference to the United States Postal Service.

Amendment by section 25 of Pub. L. 93–416 applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Amendment by section 26 of Pub. L. 93–416 effective Sept. 7, 1974, and applicable to any death or injury occurring on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as a note under section 8101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–275, title III, §313, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2460, as amended by Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537, provided that: "For purposes of section 8147 of title 5, United States Code, the Government Publishing Office is not considered an agency which is required by statute to submit an annual budget pursuant to or as provided by chapter 91 of title 31, United States Code, and is not required to pay an additional amount for the cost of administration."

Pub. L. 103–112, title I, §102, Oct. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 1089, Department of Labor Appropriation Act, 1994, provided that: "None of the funds in the Employees' Compensation Fund under 5 U.S.C. 8147 shall be expended for payment of compensation, benefits, and expenses to any individual convicted of a violation of 18 U.S.C. 1920, or of any felony fraud related to the application for or receipt of benefits under subchapters I or III of chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 94–274, title I, §120, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 389, provided that for the purposes of 5 U.S.C. 8147(b), each agency and instrumentality of the United States dependent upon an annual appropriation and having an employee who is or may be entitled to compensation benefits under this subchapter or any extension or application thereof shall deposit in the Treasury to the credit of the Employees' Compensation Fund, no later than July 15, 1976, but no earlier than July 1, 1976, 25 per centum of the amount stated in the August 15, 1975, statement.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(71) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) Any individual convicted of a violation of section 1920 of title 18, or any other Federal or State criminal statute relating to fraud in the application for or receipt of any benefit under this subchapter or subchapter III of this chapter, shall forfeit (as of the date of such conviction) any entitlement to any benefit such individual would otherwise be entitled to under this subchapter or subchapter III for any injury occurring on or before the date of such conviction. Such forfeiture shall be in addition to any action the Secretary may take under section 8106 or 8129.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter (except as provided under paragraph (3)), no benefits under this subchapter or subchapter III of this chapter shall be paid or provided to any individual during any period during which such individual is confined in a jail, prison, or other penal institution or correctional facility, pursuant to that individual's conviction of an offense that constituted a felony under applicable law.

(2) Such individual shall not be entitled to receive the benefits forfeited during the period of incarceration under paragraph (1), after such period of incarceration ends.

(3) If an individual has one or more dependents as defined under section 8110(a), the Secretary of Labor may, during the period of incarceration, pay to such dependents a percentage of the benefits that would have been payable to such individual computed according to the percentages set forth in section 8133(a)(1) through (5).

(c) Notwithstanding the provision of section 552a of this title, or any other provision of Federal or State law, any agency of the United States Government or of any State (or political subdivision thereof) shall make available to the Secretary of Labor, upon written request, the names and Social Security account numbers of individuals who are confined in a jail, prison, or other penal institution or correctional facility under the jurisdiction of such agency, pursuant to such individuals' conviction of an offense that constituted a felony under applicable law, which the Secretary of Labor may require to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 103–333, title I, §101(a)(1), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2546; amended Pub. L. 105–247, §1, Oct. 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 1863.)

A prior section 8148, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 555, provided for a report to Congress by Secretary of Labor at beginning of each regular session covering work for preceding fiscal year under this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–83, §1(69), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 213.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–247 substituted "or receipt" for "a receipt".

Pub. L. 103–333, title I, §101(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2548, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 1920 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1994]. The amendments made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply to claims filed before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act, and shall apply only to individuals convicted after such date of enactment."

The Secretary of Labor may prescribe rules and regulations necessary for the administration and enforcement of this subchapter including rules and regulations for the conduct of hearings under section 8124 of this title. The rules and regulations shall provide for an Employees' Compensation Appeals Board of three individuals designated or appointed by the Secretary with authority to hear and, subject to applicable law and the rules and regulations of the Secretary, make final decisions on appeals taken from determinations and awards with respect to claims of employees. In adjudicating claims under section 8146 of this title, the Secretary may determine the nature and extent of the proof and evidence required to establish the right to benefits under this subchapter without regard to the date of injury or death for which claim is made.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 555; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(71), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 213.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 783 (less last 9 words). | Sept. 7, 1916, ch. 458, §32 (less last 9 words), 39 Stat. 749. | |

[Uncodified]. | 1946 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §3 (2d sentence), eff. July 16, 1946, 60 Stat. 1095. | |

[Uncodified]. | 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, §2, eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1272. |


The words "administration and" are added for clarity.

Administration of this subchapter was transferred to the Secretary of Labor by section 1 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19, 64 Stat. 1271 (see section 8145).

The first sentence of section 2 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 19 is omitted as executed. The word "employees" is coextensive with and substituted for "employees of the Federal Government or of the District of Columbia" in view of the definition of "employee" in section 8101.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8149 | 5 App.: 783. | July 4, 1966, Pub. L. 89–488, §§11(a), 12, 80 Stat. 255. |


In the first sentence, the words "section 8124 of this title" are substituted for "section 36" to reflect the codification of that section in title 5, United States Code.

In the second sentence, the word "adjudicating" is substituted for "in the adjudication of". The words "section 8146 of this title" and "this subchapter" are substituted for "section 42 of this Act" and "this Act", respectively, to reflect the codification of the Federal Employees' Compensation Act in title 5, United States Code.

Increases authorized under amendment by section 1(71) of Pub. L. 90–83 not applicable to specified personnel, see section 7 of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 8103 of this title.

(a) This subchapter does not affect the maritime rights and remedies of a master or member of the crew of a vessel.

(b) Section 8141 of this title and section 9491 of title 10 do not confer military or veteran status on any individual.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 555; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VIII, §809(c)(4), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1841.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 791–4(b). | Oct. 14, 1949, ch. 691, §305(b), 63 Stat. 868. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 803a. | Aug. 3, 1956, ch. 926, §1 "Sec. 4", 70 Stat. 981. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2018**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted "section 9491 of title 10" for "section 9441 of title 10".

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

(a) In the event the individual resumes employment with the Federal Government, the entire time during which the employee was receiving compensation under this chapter shall be credited to the employee for the purposes of within-grade step increases, retention purposes, and other rights and benefits based upon length of service.

(b) Under regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management—

(1) the department or agency which was the last employer shall immediately and unconditionally accord the employee, if the injury or disability has been overcome within one year after the date of commencement of compensation or from the time compensable disability recurs if the recurrence begins after the injured employee resumes regular full-time employment with the United States, the right to resume his former or an equivalent position, as well as all other attendant rights which the employee would have had, or acquired, in his former position had he not been injured or disabled, including the rights to tenure, promotion, and safeguards in reductions-in-force procedures, and

(2) the department or agency which was the last employer shall, if the injury or disability is overcome within a period of more than one year after the date of commencement of compensation, make all reasonable efforts to place, and accord priority to placing, the employee in his former or equivalent position within such department or agency, or within any other department or agency.

(Added Pub. L. 93–416, §22, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1149; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section applicable to cases where injury or death occurred prior to Sept. 7, 1974, but only to a period beginning on or after Sept. 7, 1974, see section 28(a) of Pub. L. 93–416, set out as an Effective Date of 1974 Amendment note under section 8101 of this title.

The Secretary of Labor shall, at the end of each fiscal year, prepare a report with respect to the administration of this chapter. Such report shall be submitted to Congress in accordance with the requirement with respect to submission under section 42 of the Longshore 1 Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 942).

(Added Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1102(b)(3)(A), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 723.)

Pub. L. 117–263, div. E, title LIII, §5305(a)(5), Dec. 23, 2022, 136 Stat. 3254, provided that: "Beginning on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2022], with respect to each annual report required under section 8152 of title 5, United States Code, the Secretary [of Labor]—

"(A) shall include in the report the total number of, and demographics regarding, employees in fire protection activities with illnesses and diseases described in the list (as the list may be updated under this subsection [enacting section 8143b of this title and provisions set out as notes under section 8143b of this title] and the amendments made by this subsection), as of the date on which that annual report is submitted, which shall be disaggregated by the specific illness or disease for the purposes of understanding the scope of the problem facing those employees; and

"(B) may—

"(i) include in the report any information with respect to employees in fire protection activities that the Secretary determines to be necessary; and

"(ii) as appropriate, make recommendations in the report for additional actions that could be taken to minimize the risk of adverse health impacts for employees in fire protection activities."

["Employee in fire protection activities" and "the list" as used in section 5305(a)(5) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out above, defined as in subsecs. (a) and (b)(2), respectively, of section 8143b of this title, see section 5305(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–263, set out as a Research Cooperation note under section 8143b of this title.]

1 So in original. Probably should be "Longshore and".

(a) The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) applies with respect to disability or death resulting from injury, as defined by section 2(2) of such Act (33 U.S.C. 902(2)), occurring to an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described by section 2105(c) of this title, or to a volunteer providing such an instrumentality with services accepted under section 1588 of title 10, who is—

(1) a United States citizen or a permanent resident of the United States or a territory or possession of the United States employed outside the continental United States; or

(2) employed inside the continental United States.

However, that part of section 3(a) of such Act (33 U.S.C. 903(a)) which follows the second comma does not apply to such an employee.

(b) For the purpose of this subchapter, the term "employer" in section 2(4) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 902(4)) includes the nonappropriated fund instrumentalities described by section 2105(c) of this title.

(c) The Secretary of Labor may—

(1) extend compensation districts established under section 39(b) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 939(b)), or establish new districts to include the areas outside the continental United States; and

(2) assign to each district one or more deputy commissioners as the Secretary considers advisable.

(d) Judicial proceedings under sections 18 and 21 of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 918 and 921) with respect to an injury or death occurring outside the continental United States shall be instituted in the district court within the territorial jurisdiction of which is located the office of the deputy commissioner having jurisdiction with respect to the injury or death.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 555; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §§1061(c), 1070(d)(8)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2847, 2858; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1505(b)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 514.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 150k–1(a). | June 19, 1952, ch. 444, §2, 66 Stat. 139. July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–538, §1 "Sec. 2(a)", 72 Stat. 397. |


In subsection (a), the word "civilian" is omitted as unnecessary as the definition of "employee" in section 2105 includes only civilians.

In subsection (d), the reference to "the United States District Court for the District of Columbia" is omitted as included in the words "district court".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is act Mar. 4, 1927, ch. 509, 44 Stat. 1424, which is classified generally to chapter 18 (§901 et seq.) of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 901 of Title 33 and Tables.

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–106, §1505(b)(1)(A), substituted "903(a))" for "903(3))" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §1505(b)(1)(B), inserted "section" before "39(b)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–106, §1505(b)(1)(C), substituted "(33 U.S.C. 918 and 921)" for "(33 U.S.C. 18 and 21, respectively)".

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(d)(8)(A)(i)(III), substituted "section 3(a) of such Act (33 U.S.C. 903(3)) which follows the second comma" for "section 903(a) of title 33 which follows the first comma" in second sentence.

Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(d)(8)(A)(i)(I), (II), substituted "The Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 901 et seq.)" for "Chapter 18 of title 33" and "section 2(2) of such Act (33 U.S.C. 902(2))" for "section 902(2) of title 33", in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 103–337, §1061(c), inserted ", or to a volunteer providing such an instrumentality with services accepted under section 1588 of title 10," after "described by section 2105(c) of this title" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(d)(8)(A)(ii), substituted "section 2(4) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 902(4))" for "section 902(4) of title 33".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(d)(8)(A)(iii), substituted "39(b) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 939(b))" for "section 939(b) of title 33".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–337, §1070(d)(8)(A)(iv), substituted "sections 18 and 21 of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 18 and 21, respectively)" for "sections 918 and 921 of title 33".

In case of disability or death resulting from injury, as defined by section 2(2) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 902(2)), occurring to an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described by section 2105(c) of this title who is—

(1) not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States or a territory or possession of the United States; and

(2) employed outside the continental United States;

compensation shall be provided in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the military department concerned and approved by the Secretary of Defense or regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Transportation, as the case may be.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 556; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(b)(3), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1361; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(d)(8)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2859; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1505(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 514.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 150k–1(b). | July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–538, §1 "Sec. 2(b)", 72 Stat. 397. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "(33 U.S.C. 902(2))" for "(33 U.S.C. 2(2))" in introductory provisions.

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "section 2(2) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 2(2))" for "section 902(2) of title 33" in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 103–272 substituted "Secretary of Transportation" for "Secretary of the Treasury" in concluding provisions.

The liability of the United States or of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality described by section 2105(c) of this title, with respect to the disability or death resulting from injury, as defined by section 2(2) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 902(2)), of an employee referred to by sections 8171 and 8172 of this title, shall be determined as provided by this subchapter. This liability is exclusive and instead of all other liability of the United States or the instrumentality to the employee, his legal representative, spouse, dependents, next of kin, and any other person otherwise entitled to recover damages from the United States or the instrumentality because of the disability or death in a direct judicial proceeding, in a civil action, or in admiralty, or by an administrative or judicial proceeding under a workmen's compensation statute or under a Federal tort liability statute.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 556; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title X, §1070(d)(8)(B), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2859; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1505(b)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 514.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 150k–1(c). | July 18, 1958, Pub. L. 85–538, §1 "Sec. 2(c)", 72 Stat. 397. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "(33 U.S.C. 902(2))" for "(33 U.S.C. 2(2))".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "section 2(2) of the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act (33 U.S.C. 2(2))" for "section 902(2) of title 33".

The benefits of this subchapter are available as provided in this subchapter to eligible law enforcement officers (referred to in this subchapter as "eligible officers") and their survivors. For the purposes of this subchapter, an eligible officer is any person who is determined by the Secretary of Labor in his discretion to have been on any given occasion—

(1) a law enforcement officer and to have been engaged on that occasion in the apprehension or attempted apprehension of any person—

(A) for the commission of a crime against the United States, or

(B) who at that time was sought by a law enforcement authority of the United States for the commission of a crime against the United States, or

(C) who at that time was sought as a material witness in a criminal proceeding instituted by the United States; or

(2) a law enforcement officer and to have been engaged on that occasion in protecting or guarding a person held for the commission of a crime against the United States or as a material witness in connection with such a crime; or

(3) a law enforcement officer and to have been engaged on that occasion in the lawful prevention of, or lawful attempt to prevent, the commission of a crime against the United States;

and to have been on that occasion not an employee as defined in section 8101(1), and to have sustained on that occasion a personal injury for which the United States would be required under subchapter I of this chapter to pay compensation if he had been on that occasion such an employee engaged in the performance of his duty. No person otherwise eligible to receive a benefit under this subchapter because of the disability or death of an eligible officer shall be barred from the receipt of such benefit because the person apprehended or attempted to be apprehended by such officer was then sought for the commission of a crime against a sovereignty other than the United States.

(Added Pub. L. 90–291, §1(a), Apr. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 98; amended Pub. L. 90–623, §1(20), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313.)

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "For the purposes of this subchapter" for "For the purposes of this Act".

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 90–291 provided that: "The amendments made by section 1 of this Act [enacting this section and sections 8192 and 8193 of this title] are effective only with respect to personal injuries sustained on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 19, 1968]."

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 90–291, §1(a), Apr. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 99.)

Section effective only with respect to personal injuries sustained on or after Apr. 19, 1968, see section 2 of Pub. L. 90–291, set out as a note under section 8191 of this title.

(a)

(1) The term "Attorney General" includes any person to whom the Attorney General has delegated any function pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

(2) The term "Secretary of Labor" includes any person to whom the Secretary of Labor has delegated any function pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

(b)

(1) The Attorney General may delegate to any division, officer, or employee of the Department of Justice any function conferred upon the Attorney General by this subchapter.

(2) The Secretary of Labor may delegate to any bureau, officer, or employee of the Department of Labor any function conferred upon the Secretary of Labor by this subchapter.

(c)

(1) to the Secretary of Labor

(2) by

(A) any eligible officer or survivor of an eligible officer,

(B) any guardian, personal representative, or other person legally authorized to act on behalf of an eligible officer, his estate, or any of his survivors, or

(C) any association of law enforcement officers which is acting on behalf of an eligible officer or any of his survivors;

(3) within five years after the injury or death; and

(4) in such form as the Secretary of Labor may require.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 90–291, §1(a), Apr. 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 99; amended Pub. L. 94–183, §2(31), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058.)

**1975**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated subsec. (e), relating to appropriations, as subsec. (f).

Section effective only with respect to personal injuries sustained on or after Apr. 19, 1968, see section 2 of Pub. L. 90–291, set out as a note under section 8191 of this title.




**2020**—Pub. L. 116–126, §2(b)(3)(A), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 175, added item 8345a.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(a)(3), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 910, added item 8336a.

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §§201(b)(2), 204(b)(1), 205(b), 206(a)(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 591–594, added items 8343a, 8349, 8350, and 8351.

(a) Except as otherwise specifically provided by this title or other statute, retirement authorized by statute is effective on the first day of the month following the month in which retirement would otherwise be effective.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the rate of active or retired pay or allowance is computed as of the date retirement would have occurred but for subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 557.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 47a. | Apr. 23, 1930, ch. 209, §1, 46 Stat. 253. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as otherwise specifically provided by this title or other statute" are added because of the statutes carried into subchapter III of chapter 83. The words "of Federal personnel of whatever class, civil, military, naval, judicial, legislative, or otherwise, and for whatever cause retired" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "and said first day of the month for retirements made after July 1, 1930, shall be for all purposes in lieu of such date for retirement as was on April 23, 1930, authorized" are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title;

(B) a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title and a Delegate to Congress;

(C) a member or former member of a uniformed service; and

(D) an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia;

(2) "annuity" means a retirement benefit, including a disability insurance benefit and a dependent's or survivor's benefit under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, and a monthly annuity under section 228b or 228e of title 45, payable by an agency of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia on the basis of service as a civilian employee and other service which is creditable to an employee toward the benefit under the statute, regulation, or agreement which provides the benefit, but does not include—

(A) a benefit provided under statutes administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs;

(B) pay or compensation which may not be diminished under section 1 of Article III of the Constitution of the United States;

(C) that portion of a benefit payable under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42 which would be payable without taking into account, for any of the purposes of that subchapter, including determinations of periods of disability under section 416(i) of title 42, pay for services as an employee;

(D) monthly annuity awarded under section 228b or 228e of title 45 before September 26, 1961, whether or not computed under section 228c(e) of title 45;

(E) that portion of an annuity awarded under section 228b or 228e of title 45 after September 25, 1961, which would be payable without taking into account military service creditable under section 228c–1 of title 45;

(F) a retirement benefit, including a disability insurance benefit and a dependent's or survivor's benefit under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, awarded before September 1, 1954, to an individual or his survivor or beneficiary, insofar as the individual, before September 1, 1954—

(i) was convicted of an offense named by subsection (b) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(ii) violated section 8314 or 8315(a)(1) of this title; or

(G) a retirement benefit, including a disability insurance benefit and a dependent's or survivor's benefit under subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, awarded before September 26, 1961, to an individual or his survivor or beneficiary, insofar as the individual, before September 26, 1961—

(i) was convicted of an offense named by subsection (c) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(ii) violated section 8315(a)(2) of this title; and

(3) "retired pay" means retired pay, retirement pay, retainer pay, or equivalent pay, payable under a statute to a member or former member of a uniformed service, and an annuity payable to an eligible beneficiary of the member or former member under chapter 73 of title 10 or section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), but does not include—

(A) a benefit provided under statutes administered by the Department of Veterans Affairs;

(B) retired pay, retirement pay, retainer pay, or equivalent pay, awarded before September 1, 1954, to an individual, insofar as the individual, before September 1, 1954—

(i) was convicted of an offense named by subsection (b) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(ii) violated section 8314 or 8315(a)(1) of this title;

(C) retired pay, retirement pay, retainer pay, or equivalent pay, awarded before September 26, 1961, to an individual, insofar as the individual, before September 26, 1961—

(i) was convicted of an offense named by subsection (c) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(ii) violated section 8315(a)(2) of this title; or

(D) an annuity payable to an eligible beneficiary of an individual under chapter 73 of title 10 or section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), if the annuity was awarded to the beneficiary, or if retired pay was awarded to the individual, before September 26, 1961, insofar as the individual, on the basis of whose service the annuity was awarded, before September 26, 1961—

(i) was convicted of an offense named by section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that section; or

(ii) violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 557; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(1), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2281. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 10", 75 Stat. 646. |


The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (1)(A), the words "an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title" are coextensive with and substituted for "an officer or employee in or under the legislative, executive, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States".

In paragraph (1)(B), the reference to "Resident Commissioner" is omitted as included in "Member of Congress" in view of the definition of "Member of Congress" in section 2106.

In paragraph (1)(C), the words "uniformed service" are coextensive with and substituted for "armed forces, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, or the Public Health Service" in view of the definition of "uniformed services" in section 2101.

In paragraph (3), the words "uniformed service" are coextensive with and substituted for "armed forces, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, and the Public Health Service" in view of the definition of "uniformed services" in section 2101.

The definition of "armed forces" in former section 2281(4) is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of "armed forces" in section 2101.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Subchapter II of chapter 7 of title 42, referred to in par. (2), is classified to section 401 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Sections 228b, 228c(e), 228c–1, and 228e of title 45, referred to in par. (2), are references to sections 2, 3(e), 4, and 5 of the Railroad Retirement Act of 1937. That Act was amended in its entirety and completely revised by Pub. L. 93–445, Oct. 16, 1974, 88 Stat. 1305. The Act, as thus amended and revised, was redesignated the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, and is classified to subchapter IV (section 231 et seq.) of chapter 9 of Title 45, Railroads.

Section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), referred to in text, is covered by section 1438 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

**1991**—Pars. (2)(A), (3)(A). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration".

(a) An individual, or his survivor or beneficiary, may not be paid annuity or retired pay on the basis of the service of the individual which is creditable toward the annuity or retired pay, subject to the exceptions in section 8311(2) and (3) of this title, if the individual—

(1) was convicted, before, on, or after September 1, 1954, of an offense named by subsection (b) of this section, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(2) was convicted, before, on, or after September 26, 1961, of an offense named by subsection (c) of this section, to the extent provided by that subsection.

The prohibition on payment of annuity or retired pay applies—

(A) with respect to the offenses named by subsection (b) of this section, to the period after the date of the conviction or after September 1, 1954, whichever is later; and

(B) with respect to the offenses named by subsection (c) of this section, to the period after the date of conviction or after September 26, 1961, whichever is later.

(b) The following are the offenses to which subsection (a) of this section applies if the individual was convicted before, on, or after September 1, 1954:

(1) An offense within the purview of—

(A) section 792 (harboring or concealing persons), 793 (gathering, transmitting, or losing defense information), 794 (gathering or delivering defense information to aid foreign government), or 798 (disclosure of classified information), of chapter 37 (relating to espionage and censorship) of title 18;

(B) chapter 105 (relating to sabotage) of title 18;

(C) section 2381 (treason), 2382 (misprision of treason), 2383 (rebellion or insurrection), 2384 (seditious conspiracy), 2385 (advocating overthrow of government), 2387 (activities affecting armed forces generally), 2388 (activities affecting armed forces during war), 2389 (recruiting for service against United States), or 2390 (enlistment to serve against United States), of chapter 115 (relating to treason, sedition, and subversive activities) of title 18;

(D) section 10(b)(2), (3), or (4) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 766, 767), as in effect before August 30, 1954;

(E) section 16(a) or (b) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 773), as in effect before August 30, 1954, insofar as the offense is committed with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to a foreign nation; or

(F) an earlier statute on which a statute named by subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of this paragraph (1) is based.

(2) An offense within the purview of—

(A) article 104 (aiding the enemy), article 103a (espionage), or article 106 (spies) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of title 10) or an earlier article on which article 104 or article 106, as the case may be, is based; or

(B) a current article of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (or an earlier article on which the current article is based) not named by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph (2) on the basis of charges and specifications describing a violation of a statute named by paragraph (1), (3), or (4) of this subsection, if the executed sentence includes death, dishonorable discharge, or dismissal from the service, or if the defendant dies before execution of that sentence as finally approved.

(3) Perjury committed under the statutes of the United States or the District of Columbia—

(A) in falsely denying the commission of an act which constitutes an offense within the purview of—

(i) a statute named by paragraph (1) of this subsection; or

(ii) an article or statute named by paragraph (2) of this subsection insofar as the offense is within the purview of an article or statute named by paragraph (1) or (2) (A) of this subsection;

(B) in falsely testifying before a Federal grand jury, court of the United States, or court-martial with respect to his service as an employee in connection with a matter involving or relating to an interference with or endangerment of, or involving or relating to a plan or attempt to interfere with or endanger, the national security or defense of the United States; or

(C) in falsely testifying before a congressional committee in connection with a matter under inquiry before the congressional committee involving or relating to an interference with or endangerment of, or involving or relating to a plan or attempt to interfere with or endanger, the national security or defense of the United States.

(4) Subornation of perjury committed in connection with the false denial or false testimony of another individual as specified by paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(c) The following are the offenses to which subsection (a) of this section applies if the individual was convicted before, on, or after September 26, 1961:

(1) An offense within the purview of—

(A) section 2272 (violation of specific sections) or 2273 (violation of sections generally of chapter 23 of title 42) of title 42 insofar as the offense is committed with intent to injure the United States or with intent to secure an advantage to a foreign nation;

(B) section 2274 (communication of restricted data), 2275 (receipt of restricted data), or 2276 (tampering with restricted data) of title 42; or

(C) section 783 (conspiracy and communication or receipt of classified information) of title 50 or section 601 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 421) 1 (relating to intelligence identities).

(2) An offense within the purview of a current article of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of title 10) or an earlier article on which the current article is based, as the case may be, on the basis of charges and specifications describing a violation of a statute named by paragraph (1), (3), or (4) of this subsection, if the executed sentence includes death, dishonorable discharge, or dismissal from the service, or if the defendant dies before execution of that sentence as finally approved.

(3) Perjury committed under the statutes of the United States or the District of Columbia in falsely denying the commission of an act which constitutes an offense within the purview of a statute named by paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(4) Subornation of perjury committed in connection with the false denial of another individual as specified by paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(d)(1) For purposes of subsections (b)(1) and (c)(1), an offense within the meaning of such subsections is established if the Attorney General of the United States certifies to the agency administering the annuity or retired pay concerned—

(A) that an individual subject to this chapter has been convicted by an impartial court of appropriate jurisdiction within a foreign country in circumstances in which the conduct violates the provisions of law enumerated in subsections (b)(1) and (c)(1), or would violate such provisions had such conduct taken place within the United States, and that such conviction is not being appealed or that final action has been taken on such appeal;

(B) that such conviction was obtained in accordance with procedures that provided the defendant due process rights comparable to such rights provided by the United States Constitution, and such conviction was based upon evidence which would have been admissible in the courts of the United States; and

(C) that such conviction occurred after the date of enactment of this subsection.

(2) Any certification made pursuant to this subsection shall be subject to review by the United States Court of Claims based upon the application of the individual concerned, or his or her attorney, alleging that any of the conditions set forth in subparagraphs 2 (A), (B), or (C) of paragraph (1), as certified by the Attorney General, have not been satisfied in his or her particular circumstances. Should the court determine that any of these conditions has not been satisfied in such case, the court shall order any annuity or retirement benefit to which the person concerned is entitled to be restored and shall order that any payments which may have been previously denied or withheld to be paid by the department or agency concerned.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 559; Pub. L. 92–128, §2(b), Sept. 25, 1971, 85 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 99–569, title VI, §603, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3204; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title VI, §639(a), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2791; Pub. L. 103–359, title VIII, §805, Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3441; Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1081(c)(3), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1599.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2282. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 1", 75 Stat. 640. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Pars. (2), (3) and (4) of subsec. (b) of section 10 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 766, 767), as in effect before August 30, 1954, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(D), are covered by sections 2274, 2275 and 2276, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Subsecs. (a) and (b) of section 16 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 773), as in effect before August 30, 1954, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(E), are covered by sections 2272 and 2273, respectively, of Title 42.

Articles 104, 106, and 106a of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), are sections 904, 906, and 906a, respectively, of Title 10, Armed Forces. The Uniform Code of Military Justice, in its entirety, is set out in section 801 et seq. of Title 10.

The National Security Act of 1947, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(C), is act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, 61 Stat. 495, which was formerly classified principally to chapter 15 (§401 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in chapter 44 (§3001 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 601 of the Act is now classified to section 3121 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(C), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–359, which was approved Oct. 14, 1994.

**2017**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–91 substituted "article 103a (espionage), or article 106 (spies)" for "article 106 (spies), or article 106a (espionage)".

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted ", article 106 (spies), or article 106a (espionage)" for "or article 106 (spies)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–359 added subsec. (d).

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 99–569 inserted provisions relating to section 601 of the National Security Act of 1947.

**1971**—Subsec. (c)(1)(C). Pub. L. 92–128 struck out ", 822 (conspiracy or evasion of apprehension during internal security emergency), or 823 (aiding evasion or apprehension during internal security emergency)" after "classified information)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–91 effective immediately after the amendments made by div. E (§§5001–5542) of Pub. L. 114–328 take effect as provided for in section 5542 of that Act (10 U.S.C. 801 note) [amendments effective Jan. 1, 2019], see section 1081(c)(4) of Pub. L. 115–91, set out as a note under section 801 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Section 639(b) of Pub. L. 103–337 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 5, 1994] and shall apply to persons convicted of espionage under section 906a of title 10, United States Code (article 106a of the Uniform Code of Military Justice), on or after the date of the enactment of this Act."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "subparagraph".

(a) An individual, or his survivor or beneficiary, may not be paid annuity or retired pay on the basis of the service of the individual which is creditable toward the annuity or retired pay, subject to the exceptions in section 8311(2) and (3) of this title, if the individual—

(1) is under indictment, or has outstanding against him charges preferred under the Uniform Code of Military Justice—

(A) after July 31, 1956, for an offense named by section 8312(b) of this title; or

(B) after September 26, 1961, for an offense named by section 8312(c) of this title; and

(2) willfully remains outside the United States, or its territories and possessions including the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, for more than 1 year with knowledge of the indictment or charges, as the case may be.

(b) The prohibition on payment of annuity or retired pay under subsection (a) of this section applies to the period after the end of the 1-year period and continues until—

(1) a nolle prosequi to the entire indictment is entered on the record or the charges are dismissed by competent authority;

(2) the individual returns and thereafter the indictment or charges is or are dismissed; or

(3) after trial by court or court-martial, the accused is found not guilty of the offense or offenses.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 561.)

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5 U.S.C. 2283a. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1, "Sec. 3", 75 Stat. 643. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Uniform Code of Military Justice, referred to in text, is classified to chapter 47 (§801 et seq.) of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, §633, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2550, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

(a) An individual, or his survivor or beneficiary, may not be paid annuity or retired pay on the basis of the service of the individual which is creditable toward the annuity or retired pay, subject to the exceptions in section 8311(2) and (3) of this title, if the individual, before, on, or after September 1, 1954, refused or refuses, or knowingly and willfully failed or fails, to appear, testify, or produce a book, paper, record, or other document, relating to his service as an employee, before a Federal grand jury, court of the United States, court-martial, or congressional committee, in a proceeding concerning—

(1) his past or present relationship with a foreign government; or

(2) a matter involving or relating to an interference with or endangerment of, or involving or relating to a plan or attempt to interfere with or endanger, the national security or defense of the United States.

(b) The prohibition on payment of annuity or retired pay under subsection (a) of this section applies to the period after the date of the failure or refusal of the individual, or after September 1, 1954, whichever is later.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 561.)

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5 U.S.C. 2283(a). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 2(a)", 75 Stat. 642. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) An individual, or his survivor or beneficiary, may not be paid annuity or retired pay on the basis of the service of the individual which is creditable toward the annuity or retired pay, subject to the exceptions in section 8311(2) and (3) of this title, if the individual knowingly and willfully made or makes a false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation, or knowingly and willfully concealed or conceals a material fact—

(1) before, on, or after September 1, 1954, concerning his—

(A) past or present membership in, affiliation or association with, or support of the Communist Party, or a chapter, branch, or subdivision thereof, in or outside the United States, or other organization, party, or group advocating—

(i) the overthrow, by force, violence, or other unconstitutional means, of the Government of the United States;

(ii) the establishment, by force, violence, or other unconstitutional means, of a Communist totalitarian dictatorship in the United States; or

(iii) the right to strike against the United States;

(B) conviction of an offense named by subsection (b) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection; or

(C) failure or refusal to appear, testify, or produce a book, paper, record, or other document, as specified by section 8314 of this title; or

(2) before, on, or after September 26, 1961, concerning his conviction of an offense named by subsection (c) of section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that subsection;

in a document executed by the individual in connection with his employment in, or application for, a civilian or military office or position in or under the legislative, executive, or judicial branch of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia.

(b) The prohibition on the payment of annuity or retired pay applies—

(1) with respect to matters specified by subsection (a)(1) of this section, to the period after the statement, representation, or concealment of fact is made or occurs, or after September 1, 1954, whichever is later; and

(2) with respect to matters specified by subsection (a)(2) of this section, to the period after the statement, representation, or concealment of fact is made or occurs, or after September 26, 1961, whichever is later.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 562.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2283(b), (c). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 2(b), (c)", 75 Stat. 642. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) When payment of annuity or retired pay is denied under this subchapter because an individual was convicted of an offense named by section 8312 of this title, to the extent provided by that section, or violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title—

(1) the amount, except employment taxes, contributed by the individual toward the annuity, less the amount previously refunded or paid as annuity benefits; and

(2) deposits made under section 1438 of title 10 or section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504) to provide the eligible beneficiary with annuity for any period, less the amount previously paid as retired pay benefits;

shall be refunded, on appropriate application therefor—

(A) to the individual;

(B) if the individual is dead, to the beneficiary designated to receive refunds by or under the statute, regulation, or agreement under which the annuity, the benefits of which are denied under this subchapter, would have been payable; or

(C) if a beneficiary is not designated, in the order of precedence prescribed by section 8342(c) of this title or section 2771 of title 10, as the case may be.

(b) A refund under subsection (a) of this section shall be made with interest at the rate and for the period provided under the statute, regulation, or agreement under which the annuity would have been payable. However, interest may not be computed—

(1) if the individual was convicted of an offense named by section 8312(b) of this title, or violated section 8314 or 8315(a)(1) of this title, for the period after the conviction or commission of the violation, or after September 1, 1954, whichever is later; or

(2) if the individual was convicted of an offense named by section 8312(c) of this title, or violated section 8315(a)(2) of this title, for the period after the conviction or commission of the violation, or after September 26, 1961, whichever is later.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 563.)

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5 U.S.C. 2284(a), (b). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 4(a), (b)", 75 Stat. 644. | |

5 U.S.C. 2284a(b). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 5(b)", 75 Stat. 645. |


This section is reorganized for clarity and conciseness.

The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" in former section 2284(a) are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 5 of the Uniform Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), referred to in text, is covered by section 1438 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

(a) An individual, or his survivor or beneficiary, to whom payment of annuity is denied under this subchapter is not thereafter required to repay that part of the annuity otherwise properly paid to the individual, or to his survivor or beneficiary on the basis of the service of the individual, which is in excess of the aggregate amount of the contributions of the individual toward the annuity, with applicable interest.

(b) An individual, including an eligible beneficiary under chapter 73 of title 10 or section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), to whom payment of retired pay is denied under this subchapter is not thereafter required to repay retired pay otherwise properly paid to the individual or beneficiary which is paid in violation of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 563.)

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(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2284(c), (d). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 4(c), (d)", 75 Stat. 644. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2284a(a). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 5(a)", 75 Stat. 645. |


The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 5 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953 (67 Stat. 504), referred to in text, is covered by section 1438 of Table 10, Armed Forces.

(a) If an individual who was convicted, before, on, or after September 1, 1954, of—

(1) an offense named by section 8312 of this title; or

(2) an offense constituting a violation of section 8314 or 8315 of this title;

is pardoned by the President, the right of the individual and his survivor or beneficiary to receive annuity or retired pay previously denied under this subchapter is restored as of the date of the pardon.

(b) The President may restore, effective as of the date he prescribes, the right to receive annuity or retired pay which is denied, before, on, or after September 1, 1954, under section 8314 or 8315 of this title, to the individual and to his survivor or beneficiary.

(c) Payment of annuity or retired pay which results from pardon or restoration by the President under subsection (a) or (b) of this section may not be made for a period before—

(1) the date of pardon referred to by subsection (a) of this section; or

(2) the effective date of restoration referred to by subsection (b) of this section.

(d) Credit for a period of service covered by a refund under section 8316 of this title is allowed only after the amount refunded has been redeposited.

(e) The spouse of an individual whose annuity or retired pay is forfeited under section 8312 or 8313 after the date of enactment of this subsection shall be eligible for spousal pension benefits if the Attorney General of the United States determines that the spouse fully cooperated with Federal authorities in the conduct of a criminal investigation and subsequent prosecution of the individual which resulted in such forfeiture.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 563; Pub. L. 104–93, title III, §305, Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 965.)

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5 U.S.C. 2285(a), (b). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 6(a), (b)", 75 Stat. 645. |


The section is reorganized for clarity and conciseness.

The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–93, which was approved Jan. 6, 1996.

**1996**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–93 added subsec. (e).

(a) The President may drop from the rolls a member of a uniformed service who is deprived of retired pay under this subchapter.

(b) The President may restore—

(1) military status to an individual dropped from the rolls to whom retired pay is restored under this subchapter or under section 2 of the Act of September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 648); and

(2) all rights and privileges to the individual and his beneficiaries of which he or they were deprived because his name was dropped from the rolls.

(c) If the individual restored was a commissioned officer, the President alone may reappoint him to the grade and position on the retired list held when his name was dropped from the rolls.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.)

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5 U.S.C. 2287. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 8", 75 Stat. 646. |


The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 2 of the Act of September 26, 1961 (75 Stat. 648), referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is set out as a note under section 8322 of this title.

When it is established by satisfactory evidence that an individual—

(1) was convicted of an offense named by section 8312 of this title; or

(2) violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title; as a result of proper compliance with orders issued, in a confidential relationship, by an agency or other authority of the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia, the right to receive annuity or retired pay may not be denied.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.)

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5 U.S.C. 2285(c). | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 6(c)", 75 Stat. 645. |


The reference to conviction of an offense which constitutes a violation of former section 2283 (which is carried into this title as sections 8314 and 8315) is omitted as being covered by the words "violated section 8314 or 8315 of this title" which are added on authority of the words "conviction or violation" in former section 2285(c).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

An accountable employee may not be held responsible for a payment made in violation of this subchapter when the payment made is in due course and without fraud, collusion, or gross negligence.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.)

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5 U.S.C. 2286. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 7", 75 Stat. 645. |


The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This subchapter does not restrict authority under a statute, other than this subchapter, to deny or withhold benefits authorized by statute.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564.)

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5 U.S.C. 2288. | Sept. 26, 1961, Pub. L. 87–299, §1 "Sec. 9", 75 Stat. 646. |


The words "and section 3282 of Title 18" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 87–299, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 648, provided that:

"(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section, any person, including his survivor or beneficiary, to whom annuity or retired pay is not payable under the Act of September 1, 1954 [this subchapter], as in effect at any time prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1961], by reason of any conviction of an offense, any commission of a violation, any refusal to answer, or any absence under indictment, or under charges, for any offense, shall be restored the right to receive such annuity or retired pay for any and all periods for which he would have had the right to receive such annuity or retired pay if the Act of September 1, 1954 [this subchapter], had not been enacted, unless, under the amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending former chapter 31 of this title, now this subchapter, and section 3282 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure], such annuity or retired pay remains nonpayable to such person, including his survivor or beneficiary.

"(b) No annuity accrued or accruing, prior to, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 26, 1961], on account of the restoration, by reason of the amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending former chapter 31 of this title, now this subchapter, and section 3282 of Title 18] and by reason of subsection (a) of this section, of the right to receive such annuity, shall be paid until any sum refunded under section 3 of the Act of September 1, 1954 [former section 2284 of this title, now section 8316 of this title, prior to amendment Sept. 26, 1961], as in effect prior to the date of enactment of such amendment [Sept. 26, 1961], is deposited or is collected by offset against the annuity."

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title;

(B) the Architect of the Capitol, an employee of the Architect of the Capitol, and an employee of the Botanic Garden;

(C) a Congressional employee as defined by section 2107 of this title (other than the Architect of the Capitol, an employee of the Architect of the Capitol, and an employee of the Botanic Garden), after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become subject to this subchapter;

(D) a temporary Congressional employee appointed at an annual rate of pay, after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become subject to this subchapter;

(E) a United States Commissioner whose total pay for services performed as Commissioner is not less than $3,000 in each of the last 3 consecutive calendar years ending after December 31, 1954;

(F) an individual employed by a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16;

(G) an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987;

(H) an individual employed by Gallaudet College;

(I) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838);

(J) an alien (i) who was previously employed by the Government, (ii) who is employed full time by a foreign government for the purpose of protecting or furthering the interests of the United States during an interruption of diplomatic or consular relations, and (iii) for whose services reimbursement is made to the foreign government by the United States;

(K) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President, or a former Vice President under section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (78 Stat. 153), who immediately before the date of such appointment was an employee as defined under any other subparagraph of this paragraph; and

(L) an employee described in section 2105(c) who has made an election under section 8347(q)(1) to remain covered under this subchapter;

but does not include—

(i) a justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 451 of title 28;

(ii) an employee subject to another retirement system for Government employees (besides any employee excluded by clause (x), but including any employee who has made an election under section 8347(q)(2) to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c));

(iii) an employee or group of employees in or under an Executive agency excluded by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8347(g) of this title;

(iv) an individual or group of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia excluded by the Office under section 8347(h) of this title;

(v) an employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, or a court named by section 610 of title 28, excluded by the Director of the Administrative Office under section 8347(o) of this title;

(vi) a construction employee or other temporary, part-time, or intermittent employee of the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(vii) an employee under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol excluded by the Architect of the Capitol under section 8347(i) of this title;

(viii) an employee under the Library of Congress excluded by the Librarian of Congress under section 8347(j) of this title;

(ix) a student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title;

(x) an employee subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System;

(xi) an employee under the Botanic Garden excluded by the Director or Acting Director of the Botanic Garden under section 8347(l) of this title; or

(xii) a member of the Foreign Service (as described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980), appointed after December 31, 1987.

Notwithstanding this paragraph, the employment of a teacher in the recess period between two school years in a position other than a teaching position in which he served immediately before the recess period does not qualify the individual as an employee for the purpose of this subchapter. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, "teacher" and "teaching position" have the meanings given them by section 901 of title 20;

(2) "Member" means a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title, after he gives notice in writing to the official by whom he is paid of his desire to become subject to this subchapter, but does not include any such Member of Congress who is subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System or who makes an election under section 8401(20) of this title not to be subject to such System;

(3) "basic pay" includes—

(A) the amount a Member received from April 1, 1954, to February 28, 1955, as expense allowance under section 601(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 850), as amended; and that amount from January 3, 1953, to March 31, 1954, if deposit is made therefor as provided by section 8334 of this title;

(B) additional pay provided by—

(i) subsection (a) of section 60e–7 of title 2 and the provisions of law referred to by that subsection; and

(ii) sections 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, 60e–11, 60e–12, 60e–13, and 60e–14 of title 2;

(C) premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title;

(D) with respect to a law enforcement officer, premium pay under section 5545(c)(2) of this title;

(E) availability pay—

(i) received by a criminal investigator under section 5545a of this title; or

(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal or criminal investigator (as defined in section 5545a(a)(2)) of the Transportation Security Administration, subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed on criminal investigators receiving such pay under section 5545a, including the premium pay limitations under section 5547;

(F) pay as provided in section 5545b(b)(2) and (c)(2);

(G) with respect to a customs officer (referred to in subsection (e)(1) of section 5 of the Act of February 13, 1911), compensation for overtime inspectional services provided for under subsection (a) of such section 5, but not to exceed 50 percent of any statutory maximum in overtime pay for customs officers which is in effect for the year involved;

(H) any amount received under section 5948 (relating to physicians comparability allowances); and

(I) with respect to a border patrol agent, the amount of supplemental pay received through application of the level 1 border patrol rate of pay or the level 2 border patrol rate of pay for scheduled overtime within the regular tour of duty of the border patrol agent as provided in section 5550;

but does not include bonuses, allowances, overtime pay, military pay, pay given in addition to the base pay of the position as fixed by law or regulation except as provided by subparagraphs (B) through (I) of this paragraph 1 retroactive pay under section 5344 of this title in the case of a retired or deceased employee, uniform allowances under section 5901 of this title, or lump-sum leave payments under subchapter VI of chapter 55 of this title. For an employee paid on a fee basis, the maximum amount of basic pay which may be used is $10,000;

(4) "average pay" means the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employee's or Member's rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of creditable service or, in the case of an annuity under subsection (d) or (e)(1) of section 8341 of this title based on service of less than 3 years, over the total service, with each rate weighted by the time it was in effect;

(5) "Fund" means the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund;

[(6) Repealed. Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §403(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606;]

(7) "Government" means the Government of the United States, the government of the District of Columbia, Gallaudet University, and, in the case of an employee described in paragraph (1)(L), a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c);

(8) "lump-sum credit" means the unrefunded amount consisting of—

(A) retirement deductions made from the basic pay of an employee or Member;

(B) amounts deposited by an employee or Member covering earlier service, including any amounts deposited under section 8334(j) of this title; and

(C) interest on the deductions and deposits at 4 percent a year to December 31, 1947, and 3 percent a year thereafter compounded annually to December 31, 1956, or, in the case of an employee or Member separated or transferred to a position in which he does not continue subject to this subchapter before he has completed 5 years of civilian service, to the date of the separation or transfer;

but does not include interest—

(i) if the service covered thereby aggregates 1 year or less; or

(ii) for the fractional part of a month in the total service;

(9) "annuitant" means a former employee or Member who, on the basis of his service, meets all requirements of this subchapter for title to annuity and files claim therefor;

(10) "survivor" means an individual entitled to annuity under this subchapter based on the service of a deceased employee, Member, or annuitant;

(11) "survivor annuitant" means a survivor who files claim for annuity;

(12) "service" means employment creditable under section 8332 of this title;

(13) "military service" means honorable active service—

(A) in the armed forces;

(B) in the Regular or Reserve Corps 2 of the Public Health Service after June 30, 1960; or

(C) as a commissioned officer of the Environmental Science Services Administration after June 30, 1961;

and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but does not include service in the National Guard except when ordered to active duty in the service of the United States or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that occurs on or after August 1, 1990;

(14) "Member service" means service as a Member and includes the period from the date of the beginning of the term for which elected or appointed to the date on which he takes office as a Member;

(15) "price index" means the Consumer Price Index (all items—United States city average) published monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics;

(16) "base month" means the month for which the price index showed a percent rise forming the basis for a cost-of-living annuity increase;

(17) "normal-cost percentage" means the entry-age normal cost computed by the Office of Personnel Management in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practice and standards (using dynamic assumptions) and expressed as a level percentage of aggregate basic pay;

(18) "Fund balance" means the current net assets of the Fund available for payment of benefits, as determined by the Office in accordance with appropriate accounting standards, but does not include any amount attributable to—

(A) the Federal Employees' Retirement System; or

(B) contributions made under the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of any individual who became subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System;

(19) "unfunded liability" means the estimated excess of the present value of all benefits payable from the Fund to employees and Members, and former employees and Members, subject to this subchapter, and to their survivors, over the sum of—

(A) the present value of deductions to be withheld from the future basic pay of employees and Members currently subject to this subchapter and of future agency contributions to be made in their behalf; plus

(B) the present value of Government payments to the Fund under section 8348(f) of this title; plus

(C) the Fund balance as of the date the unfunded liability is determined;

(20) "law enforcement officer" means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily the investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position. For the purpose of this paragraph, "detention" includes the duties of—

(A) employees of the Bureau of Prisons and Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated;

(B) employees of the Public Health Service assigned to the field service of the Bureau of Prisons or of the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated;

(C) employees in the field service at Army or Navy disciplinary barracks or at confinement and rehabilitation facilities operated by any of the armed forces; and

(D) employees of the Department of Corrections of the District of Columbia, its industries and utilities;

whose duties in connection with individuals in detention suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States or of the District of Columbia or offenses against the punitive articles of the Uniformed Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of title 10) require frequent (as determined by the appropriate administrative authority with the concurrence of the Office) direct contact with these individuals in their detention, direction, supervision, inspection, training, employment, care, transportation, or rehabilitation;

(21) "firefighter" means an employee, the duties of whose position are primarily to perform work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires or the maintenance and use of firefighting apparatus and equipment, including an employee engaged in this activity who is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position;

(22) "bankruptcy judge" means an individual—

(A) who is appointed under section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 62) or under section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549), and—

(i) who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984; or

(ii) whose service as a United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability; or

(B) who is appointed as a bankruptcy judge under section 152 of title 28;

(23) "former spouse" means a former spouse of an individual—

(A) if such individual performed at least 18 months of civilian service covered under this subchapter as an employee or Member, and

(B) if the former spouse was married to such individual for at least 9 months;

(24) "Indian court" means an Indian court as defined by section 201(3) of the Act entitled "An Act to prescribe penalties for certain acts of violence or intimidation, and for other purposes", approved April 11, 1968 (25 U.S.C. 1301(3); 82 Stat. 77);

(25) "magistrate judge" or "United States magistrate judge" means an individual appointed under section 631 of title 28;

(26) "Court of Federal Claims judge" means a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is appointed under chapter 7 of title 28 or who has served under section 167 of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982;

(27) "Nuclear materials courier"—

(A) means an employee of the Department of Energy, the duties of whose position are primarily to transport, and provide armed escort and protection during transit of, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapon components, strategic quantities of special nuclear materials or other materials related to national security; and

(B) includes an employee who is transferred directly to a supervisory or administrative position within the same Department of Energy organization, after performing duties referred to in subparagraph (A) for at least 3 years;

(28) "Government physician" has the meaning given that term under section 5948;

(29) "dynamic assumptions" means economic assumptions that are used in determining actuarial costs and liabilities of a retirement system and in anticipating the effects of long-term future—

(A) investment yields;

(B) increases in rates of basic pay; and

(C) rates of price inflation;

(30) the term "air traffic controller" or "controller" means—

(A) a controller within the meaning of section 2109(1); and

(B) a civilian employee of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Defense who is the immediate supervisor of a person described in section 2109(1)(B);

(31) "customs and border protection officer" means an employee in the Department of Homeland Security (A) who holds a position within the GS–1895 job series (determined applying the criteria in effect as of September 1, 2007) or any successor position, and (B) whose duties include activities relating to the arrival and departure of persons, conveyances, and merchandise at ports of entry, including any such employee who is transferred directly to a supervisory or administrative position in the Department of Homeland Security after performing such duties (as described in subparagraph (B)) in 1 or more positions (as described in subparagraph (A)) for at least 3 years;

(32) "Director" means the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and

(33) "representative payee" means a person (including an organization) designated under section 8345(e)(1) to receive payments on behalf of a minor or an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 564; Pub. L. 89–737, §1(2), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(72), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 213; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(21), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §101, title II, §201(a), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 136, 138; Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §105(a), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 93–350, §2, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 355; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(38), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §338(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(47), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §403(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §306(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 98–249, §3(b), Mar. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 98–271, §3(b), Apr. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 98–299, §3(b), May 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98–325, §3(b), June 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §§116(a), 121(g), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343, 346; Pub. L. 98–531, §2(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §§202, 207(f), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 591, 595; Pub. L. 100–53, §2(a), June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§112, 123, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750, 1754; Pub. L. 100–679, §13(a)(1), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4071; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(m), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(j)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–337; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§306(c)(1), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, 5117; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13812(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 670; Pub. L. 103–353, §5(a), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3173; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2254; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(h) [title VI, §628(d)], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–480, 2681–521; Pub. L. 106–571, §3(a), (b)(2), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3054, 3055; Pub. L. 107–71, title I, §105(c), Nov. 19, 2001, 115 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(a)(1), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(a)(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1115(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(a)(1), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 113–277, §2(d), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 3003; Pub. L. 114–136, §2(c)(3), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305; Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1908(a), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3548; Pub. L. 116–126, §2(a)(1), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 174.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2251 (less (h)–(j)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 1 (less (h)–(j))", 70 Stat. 743. | |

Apr. 8, 1960, Pub. L. 86–415, §6(c), 74 Stat. 35. | ||

July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, §1(a), 74 Stat. 358. | ||

Sept. 14, 1961, Pub. L. 87–233, §2, 75 Stat. 507. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1102(a), 76 Stat. 869. | ||

Feb. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–267, §1(a), 78 Stat. 8. | ||

5 U.S.C. 2252 (less (e), (f) (words after semicolon), (g) (2d sentence), (h) (words after colon)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 2 (less (e), (f) (words after semicolon), (g) (2d sentence))", 70 Stat. 745. July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(b)(1) "(h) (less words after colon)", 74 Stat. 302. |
|

Feb. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–267, §1(b), (c), 78 Stat. 9. | ||

5 U.S.C. 1054 (1st 27 words). | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §5 (1st 27 words), 61 Stat. 728. | |

[Uncodified]. | Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–745, §1(b) (last sentence, as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act), 72 Stat. 838. | |

5 U.S.C. 2358(c) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act). | July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, §10(c) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act), 73 Stat. 217. | |

5 U.S.C. 932c(d). | June 28, 1955, ch. 189, §4(i), 69 Stat. 178. | |

5 U.S.C. 932d(d). | June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85–462, §4(g), 72 Stat. 208. | |

5 U.S.C. 932e(f). | July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §117(i), 74 Stat. 304. | |

5 U.S.C. 932f(e). | Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1005(h), 76 Stat. 867. | |

5 U.S.C. 932g(d). | Aug. 14, 1964, Pub. L. 88–426, §202(d), 78 Stat. 413. | |

5 U.S.C. 1182(b). | Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–872, §2(b), 72 Stat. 1696. | |

5 U.S.C. 2132 (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §403 (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended), 68 Stat. 1115. |


In paragraph (1), the specific exception of the President, appearing in former section 2252(b), is omitted as unnecessary because he is not included in the definition of "employee".

In paragraph (1)(B), the definition of "Congressional employee" in former section 2251(c) is omitted as unnecessary in view of the definition of the term in section 2107.

In paragraph (1)(E), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any Executive order" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (1)(i), the words "justice or" are added on authority of section 371 and 372 of title 28.

Paragraph (1)(iii) and (iv) is based on former section 2252(e), which is carried into section 8347(g) and (h).

Paragraph (1)(vii) and (viii) is based on former section 2252(f), which is carried in part into section 8347(i) and (j).

In paragraph (1), the last sentence is added on authority of former section 2351, which is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

In paragraph (3), the words "or lump-sum leave payments under subchapter VI of chapter 55 of this title" are added on authority of former section 61b (6th sentence), which is carried into section 5551.

In paragraph (4)(B), references to sections 60e–7, 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, and 60e–11 of title 2 are substituted for the words "this section", appearing in former sections 932c(d), 932d(d), 932e(f), 932f(e), and 932g(d), to reflect the scheduled transfer of those sections to title 2.

In paragraph (5), the words "the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund" are substituted for "the civil service retirement and disability fund created by the Act of May 22, 1920".

In paragraph (7), the words "Government of the United States" are coextensive with and substituted for "the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of the United States Government, including Government-owned or controlled corporation".

In paragraph (13), the words "armed forces" are coextensive with and substituted for "Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States" in view of the definition of "armed forces" in section 2101.

The definition of "Commission" in former section 2251(m) is omitted as unnecessary as the title "Civil Service Commission" is fully set out the first time it is used in each section.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8331(1)(B), (C) | 5 App.: 2252(c). | Sept. 26, 1966, Pub. L. 89–604, §1(b), 80 Stat. 846. |

8331(3)(B) (ii) | 5 App.: 932h(c). | Oct. 29, 1965, Pub. L. 89–301, §11(d), 79 Stat. 1120. |

5 App.: 932i(c). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §302(d), 80 Stat. 295. | |

8331(13) | [No source]. | [No source]. |

8331(15), (16) | 5 App.: 2251(t). | Sept. 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–205, §1(a), 79 Stat. 840. |


In paragraphs (1)(C), (D) and (2), the words "become subject to" are substituted for "come within the purview of" for consistency within the subchapter.

In paragraph (3)(B)(ii), references to sections 60e–12 and 60e–13 of title 2 are substituted for the words "this section" appearing in 5 U.S.C. App. 932h(c) and 932i(c), to reflect the scheduled transfer of those sections to title 2 (See table IV).

In paragraph (8)(C), the words "in which he does not continue subject to" are substituted for "not within the purview of" for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to this subchapter.

The amendment to paragraph (13) reflects Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1965 (79 Stat. 1318), effective July 13, 1965, which consolidated the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Weather Bureau to form a new agency in the Department of Commerce to be known as the Environmental Science Services Administration.

Section 1(b) of the act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838), referred to in par. (1)(I), is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, referred to in par. (1)(K), is section 5 of Pub. L. 88–277, which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (1)(xii), is classified to section 3903(6) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Section 601(b) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (60 Stat. 850), as amended, referred to in par. (3)(A), was classified to section 31a of Title 2, The Congress, which was repealed by act Mar. 2, 1955, ch. 9, §4(b), 69 Stat. 11.

Sections 60e–7, 60e–8, 60e–9, 60e–10, 60e–11, 60e–12, 60e–13, and 60e–14 of title 2, referred to in par. (3)(B), were omitted from the Code.

Section 5 of the Act of February 13, 1911, referred to in par. (3)(G), is classified to section 267 of Title 19, Customs Duties.

The Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, referred to in par. (18)(B), is Pub. L. 98–168, title II, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1106, which is set out as a note below.

The Bankruptcy Act, referred to in par. (22)(A), is act July 1, 1898, ch. 541, 30 Stat. 544, as amended, which was classified generally to former Title 11, Bankruptcy. The Act was repealed effective Oct. 1, 1979, by Pub. L. 95–598, §§401(a), 402(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2682, section 101 of which enacted revised Title 11.

Section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978, referred to in par. (22)(A), is section 404(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, title IV, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2684, which was set out in a note preceding section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and was repealed by Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §114, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343.

Section 167 of the Federal Courts Improvement Act of 1982, referred to in par. (26), is section 167 of Pub. L. 97–164, which is set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28.

**2020**—Par. (33). Pub. L. 116–126 added par. (33).

**2018**—Par. (3)(E)(ii). Pub. L. 115–254 amended cl. (ii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (ii) read as follows: "received after September 11, 2001, by a Federal air marshal of the Department of Transportation, subject to all restrictions and earning limitations imposed on criminal investigators under section 5545a;".

**2016**—Par. (1)(K). Pub. L. 114–136 substituted "section 5" for "section 4".

**2014**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 113–277, §2(d)(4), substituted "subparagraphs (B) through (I)" for "subparagraphs (B) through (H)" in concluding provisions.

Par. (3)(I). Pub. L. 113–277, §2(d)(1)–(3), added subpar. (I).

**2012**—Par. (32). Pub. L. 112–141 added par. (32).

**2008**—Par. (13). Pub. L. 110–181, in concluding provisions, substituted "and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but" for "but".

**2007**—Pars. (29) to (31). Pub. L. 110–161 redesignated par. (29) defining "air traffic controller" or "controller" as (30) and added par. (31).

**2003**—Par. (17). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(1), substituted " 'normal-cost percentage' " for " 'normal cost' " and inserted "and standards (using dynamic assumptions)" after "practice".

Par. (18). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(2), amended par. (18) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (18) read as follows: " 'Fund balance' means the sum of—

"(A) the investments of the Fund calculated at par value; and

"(B) the cash balance of the Fund on the books of the Treasury;

"but does not include any amount attributable to—

"(i) the Federal Employees' Retirement System; or

"(ii) contributions made under the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of any individual who became subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System;".

Pars. (27), (28). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(3), and Pub. L. 108–176, §226(a)(1)(A), (B), made identical amendments, striking out "and" at end of par. (27) and substituting "; and" for period at end of par. (28).

Par. (29). Pub. L. 108–176, §226(a)(1)(C), added par. (29) defining "air traffic controller" or "controller".

Pub. L. 108–18, §2(a)(3), added par. (29) defining "dynamic assumptions" .

**2001**—Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 107–71 amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: "with respect to a criminal investigator, availability pay under section 5545a of this title;".

**2000**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 106–571, §3(a)(4), substituted "through (H)" for "through (G)" in concluding provisions.

Par. (3)(H). Pub. L. 106–571, §3(a)(1)–(3), added subpar. (H).

Par. (28). Pub. L. 106–571, §3(b)(2), added par. (28).

**1998**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–277 struck out "and" at end of subpar. (D), added subpars. (E) and (F), redesignated former subpar. (E) as (G), and, in concluding provisions, substituted "subparagraphs (B) through (G)" for "subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E)".

Par. (27). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (27).

**1994**—Par. (13). Pub. L. 103–353 inserted before semicolon at end "or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that occurs on or after August 1, 1990".

**1993**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–66 added subpar. (E), and in closing provisions substituted "subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E) of this paragraph" for "subparagraphs (B), (C), and (D) of this paragraph,".

**1992**—Par. (1)(L). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(A)(i), substituted "section 8347(q)(1)" for "section 8347(p)(1)".

Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(A)(ii), substituted "section 8347(q)(2)" for "section 8347(p)(2)".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(57)(B), substituted "University" for "College".

Par. (26). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" and "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

**1990**—Par. (1)(L). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(A)–(C), added subpar. (L).

Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(D), substituted "(besides any employee excluded by clause (x), but including any employee who has made an election under section 8347(p)(2) to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c))" for "(other than an employee described in clause (x)".

Par. (1)(v). Pub. L. 101–474 amended cl. (v) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (v) read as follows: "a temporary employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts or of a court named by section 610 of title 28;".

Par. (7). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(j)(1)(E), substituted "Gallaudet College, and, in the case of an employee described in paragraph (1)(L), a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c)" for "and Gallaudet College".

Par. (26). Pub. L. 101–650 added par. (26).

**1988**—Par. (1)(K). Pub. L. 100–679 added subpar. (K).

Par. (1)(xii). Pub. L. 100–238, §112, added cl. (xii).

Par. (18). Pub. L. 100–238, §123, inserted "but does not include any amount attributable to—

"(i) the Federal Employees' Retirement System; or

"(ii) contributions made under the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of any individual who became subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System;".

**1987**—Par. (22). Pub. L. 100–53, §2(a)(1), amended par. (22) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (22) read as follows: " 'bankruptcy judge' means an individual appointed under section 34 of the Bankruptcy Act (11 U.S.C. 62) or under section 404(d) of the Act of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549)—

"(A) who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984;

"(B) whose service as United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability; or

"(C) who is appointed as a bankruptcy judge under section 152 of title 28;".

Par. (25). Pub. L. 100–53, §2(a)(2)–(4), added par. (25).

**1986**—Par. (1)(G). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(f)(1), amended subpar. (G) generally, substituting "first employed" for "employed" and inserting "before October 1, 1987".

Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 99–335, §202(a)(1), amended cl. (ii) generally, inserting "(other than an employee described in clause (x)".

Par. (1)(x). Pub. L. 99–335, §202(a)(2)–(4), added cl. (x).

Par. (1)(xi). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(f)(2), added cl. (xi).

Par. (2). Pub. L. 99–335, §202(b), inserted ", but does not include any such Member of Congress who is subject to the Federal Employees' Retirement System or who makes an election under section 8401(20) of this title not to be subject to such System".

**1984**—Par. (22). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(1), substituted "of November 6, 1978 (Public Law 95–598; 92 Stat. 2549)" for "adding this paragraph" in provision preceding subpar. (A).

Par. (22)(A). Pub. L. 98–531 substituted "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on March 31, 1984;" for "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bankruptcy judge after such date until either the date on which a successor for such judge is appointed, or October 1, 1986, whichever date is earlier;".

Pub. L. 98–353, §121(g), substituted "the day before the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984" for "June 27, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(2), substituted "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984, and continues to serve as a bankruptcy judge after such date until either the date on which a successor for such judge is appointed, or October 1, 1986, whichever date is earlier;" for "who is serving as a United States bankruptcy judge on June 27, 1984, and that has agreed by filing a notice of such agreement with the President, the Senate, and the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, to accept an appointment as a judge of a United States bankruptcy court established under section 201 of this Act but that is not appointed by the President as a judge of such court; or".

Pub. L. 98–325 substituted "June 27, 1984" for "June 20, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–299 substituted "June 20, 1984" for "May 25, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–271 substituted "May 25, 1984" for "April 30, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–249 substituted "April 30, 1984" for "March 31, 1984".

Par. (22)(B). Pub. L. 98–531 substituted "whose service as United States bankruptcy judge at any time in the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on July 10, 1984, is terminated by reason of death or disability" for "whose service as a United States bankruptcy judge during the period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984 is terminated by reason of death or disability".

Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(3)(A), substituted "period beginning on October 1, 1979, and ending on the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984" for "transition period".

Par. (22)(C). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(a)(4), added subpar. (C).

Pars. (23), (24). Pub. L. 98–615 added pars. (23) and (24).

**1982**—Par. (8)(B). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(a), inserted ", including any amounts deposited under section 8334(j) of this title".

**1980**—Par. (6). Pub. L. 96–499 struck out par. (6) which defined "disabled" and "disability" as meaning totally disabled or total disability for useful and efficient service in the grade or class of position last occupied by the employee or Member because of disease or injury not due to vicious habits, intemperance, or wilful misconduct on his part within 5 years of becoming disabled.

**1979**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(47)(A), struck out "and a Delegate to Congress," after "title,".

Par. (19)(C). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(47)(B), struck out "and" after "determined;".

**1978**—Pars. (1), (17), (20). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Par. (22). Pub. L. 95–598 added par. (22).

**1975**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 94–183 struck out provision relating to member's option of having average pay computed from averaging rates of basic pay in effect over all periods of member's service after August 2, 1946.

**1974**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 93–350, §2(a), added subpar. (D) and inserted reference to subpar. (D) in closing provisions of par. (3).

Pars. (20), (21). Pub. L. 93–350, §2(b), added pars. (20) and (21).

**1972**—Par. (1)(J). Pub. L. 92–352 added par. (1)(J).

**1969**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 91–93, §201(a), reduced the number of years of creditable service from 5 to 3 consecutive years and provided for averaging rate of basic pay over the total service in the case of an annuity under subsec. (d) or (e)(1) of section 8341 of this title based on service of less than three years.

Pars. (17) to (19). Pub. L. 91–93, §101, added pars. (17) to (19).

**1968**—Par. (3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 90–623 inserted reference to section 60e–14 of title 2.

**1966**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 89–737 added subpar. (C) and, in the exception set out in provisions following subpar. (C), substituted reference to subpars. (B) and (C) for reference to subpar. (B).

Reference to Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service deemed to be a reference to the Ready Reserve Corps, see section 204(c)(3) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Words "magistrate judge" and "United States magistrate judge" substituted for "magistrate" and "United States magistrate", respectively, in par. (25) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Gallaudet College, referred to in par. (1)(H), redesignated Gallaudet University by section 101(a) of Pub. L. 99–371, which is classified to section 4301(a) of Title 20, Education.

Commissioned Officer Corps of Environmental Science Services Administration, referred to in par. (13)(C), changed to Commissioned Officer Corps of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, see 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 4, §4(d), eff. Oct. 3, 1970, 35 F.R. 15627, 84 Stat. 2090, set out in the Appendix to this title.

Pub. L. 116–126, §4, Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 177, provided that: "The amendments made by section 2 [enacting sections 8345a and 8466a of this title and amending this section and sections 8345, 8401, and 8466 of this title]—

"(1) shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2020]; and

"(2) apply on and after the effective date of the regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) [set out as a note under this section]."

Pub. L. 115–254, div. K, title I, §1908(b), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3549, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–277 effective on the first day of the first pay period beginning on or after Jan. 1, 2016, subject to certain exceptions, see section 2(i) of Pub. L. 113–277, set out as a note under section 5542 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(d), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 914, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [enacting sections 8336a and 8412a of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on the effective date of the implementing regulations issued by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management [Nov. 6, 2014; see 79 F.R. 46608]."

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1115(c), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 361, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8401 of this title] shall apply to—

"(1) any annuity, eligibility for which is based upon a separation occurring before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 28, 2008]; and

"(2) any period of service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, occurring before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective on first day of first applicable pay period which begins on or after Oct. 1, 1998, see section 101(h) [title VI, §628(e)] of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(m), (n), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256, provided that:

"(m)

"(1) September 30, 1998; or

"(2) the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 17, 1998].

"(n)

"(A) October 1, 1998; or

"(B) the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(2)(A) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 3307 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(B) The amendments made by subsections (d) and (k) [amending sections 8335 and 8425 of this title] shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Pub. L. 103–66, title XIII, §13812(c)(1), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 671, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] take effect on January 1, 1994, and apply only with respect to service performed on or after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by section 2(57)(A) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, and amendment by section 2(57)(B) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(a), (b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §306(f), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5112, as amended by Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516, provided that: "This section and the amendments made by this section [enacting section 8440b [now 8440c] of this title and section 178 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure and amending this section, sections 8334, 8336, 8339, and 8402 of this title, and sections 376 and 604 of Title 28] shall apply to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 1, 1990]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–53, §3, June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 368, as amended by Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1987, and shall apply to bankruptcy judges and United States magistrate judges in office on that date and to individuals subsequently appointed to such positions to whom chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, otherwise applies."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–615 as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–531, §3, Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), this Act and the amendments made by this Act [renumbering a provision set out as a note under section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy] shall take effect on July 10, 1984.

"(b) The amendments made by section 2 [amending this section and sections 8336 and 8339 of this title] shall take effect on March 31, 1984."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §116(e), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment [July 10, 1984] and shall apply to bankruptcy judges who retire on or after such date."

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §306(g), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 797, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(e)(2), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2205, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1059, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8332, 8334, and 8348 of this title] shall take effect October 1, 1982; except that any employee or Member who retired after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982] and before October 1, 1985, or is entitled to an annuity under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, based on a separation from service occurring during such period, or a survivor of such individual, may make a payment under section 8334(j)(1) of title 5, United States Code. Regulations required to be issued under section 8334(j)(1) of title 5, United States Code, shall be issued by the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after such effective date."

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §403(c), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8337 of this title] shall take effect on the 90th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by section 2(a) of Pub. L. 93–350 effective at beginning of first applicable pay period which begins after Dec. 31, 1974, and amendment by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–350 effective July 12, 1974, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §105(b), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 491, provided that: "Subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall become effective on the first day of the second month which begins after its enactment [July 13, 1972]."

Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §207(a), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 140, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 201, 202, 203, and 206(a) of this Act [amending this section and sections 8333, 8334, 8339, and 8341 of this title] shall not apply in the case of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1969], and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such sections had not been enacted."

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–737 applicable with respect to premium pay payable from and after first day of first pay period which begins after Nov. 2, 1966, see section 4 of Pub. L. 89–737, set out in the note under section 8114 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–358, §1, Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3420, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8345, 8437, and 8467 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8345 of this title] may be cited as the 'Child Abuse Accountability Act'."

Pub. L. 101–428, §1(a), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 928, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8335 to 8337, 8339, 8341, 8344, 8412, and 8425 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8335, 8339, and 8425 of this title] may be cited as the 'Capitol Police Retirement Act'."

Pub. L. 100–53, §1, June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 367, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 8334, 8336, and 8339 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the 'Magistrates' Retirement Parity Act of 1987'."

Pub. L. 99–638, §2(a), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3535, provided that: "This section [amending sections 2105 and 8332 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8332 of this title] may be cited as the 'Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities Employees' Retirement Credit Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 98–615, §1, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 3595a, 4302a and 5406–5410 of this title, amending this section and sections 3135, 3393, 3395, 3593–3595, 4312, 4501, 5332, 5334–5336, 5361, 5362, 5383, 5384, 5401–5405, 5948, 7543, 8334, 8336, 8339, 8341, 8342, 8345, 8348, 8901–8903, 8905, 8907, 8909, and 8913 of this title, section 1602 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 731 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3131, 3135, 5401, and 8341 of this title] may be cited as the 'Civil Service Retirement Spouse Equity Act of 1984'."

Pub. L. 91–93, §1, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 136, provided: "That this Act [amending this section and sections 1308, 8333, 8334, 8339, 8340, 8341, and 8348 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8334, 8340, 8341, and 8348 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 8339 of this title] may be cited as the 'Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969'."

Pub. L. 116–126, §3(b), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 177, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2020], the Office of Personnel Management—

"(1) shall promulgate regulations to carry out the amendments made by section 2 [enacting sections 8345a and 8466a of this title and amending this section and sections 8345, 8401, and 8466 of this title]; and

"(2) may promulgate additional regulations relating to the administration of the representative payee program."

Pub. L. 92–352, title I, §105(c), July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 491, provided that: "The amendments made by such subsection (a) [amending this section] shall not apply in the cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to the effective date established under subsection (b) of this section [see Effective Date of 1972 Amendment note above], and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 108–83, title I, §1004, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1022, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) 'incumbent' means an individual who—

"(i) is first appointed as a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police before the effective date of this section; and

"(ii) is employed as a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police on that date; and

"(B) 'prior service' means any period of service performed by an incumbent as a hazardous materials response team member of the Capitol Police before the effective date of this section.

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) the difference between the individual contributions that were actually made for such prior service and the individual contributions that would have been made for such service if subsection (a) had then been in effect; and

"(ii) interest computed on the amount under clause (i) based on section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code.

"(B)

"(3)

"(A) the difference between the Government contributions that were actually made for such prior service and the Government contributions that would have been made for such service if subsection (a) had then been in effect; and

"(B) interest computed on the amount under subparagraph (A) based on section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code.

"(c)

Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–86, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)(i) the difference between—

"(I) the amount that was deducted and withheld from basic pay under chapters 83 and 84 of title 5, United States Code, for the period of service described in the first sentence of paragraph (1); and

"(II) the amount that should have been deducted and withheld for such period of service, if it had instead been performed as a law enforcement officer; and

"(ii) interest as prescribed under section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, based on the amount determined under clause (i); and

"(B) with respect to the period of service described in subparagraph (A), the difference between the Government contributions that were in fact made to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for such service, and the amount that would have been required if such service had instead been performed as a law enforcement officer, subject to subsection (f).

"(3)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(e)

"(f)

"(g)

"(h)

"(i)

"(j)

Pub. L. 106–265, title II, Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 770, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"For purposes of this title:

"(1)

"(2) CSRS.—The term 'CSRS' means the Civil Service Retirement System.

"(3) CSRDF.—The term 'CSRDF' means the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

"(4) CSRS

"(5) CSRS-

"(6)

"(7)

"(8) FERS.—The term 'FERS' means the Federal Employees' Retirement System.

"(9) FERS

"(10)

"(11) OASDI

"(12) OASDI

"(13) OASDI

"(14) OASDI

"(15)

"(16)

"(17)

"(18)

"(A) constitutes employment under section 210 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 410); and

"(B)(i) is subject to OASDI taxes; but

"(ii) is not subject to CSRS or FERS.

"(19)

"(20)

"(a)

"(b)

"Any election made (or deemed to have been made) by an employee or any other individual under this title shall be irrevocable.

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(3)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) CSRS-

"(ii)

"(B)

"(C)

"(3)

"(a)

"(1) an annuitant who should have been FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, was CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered instead; or

"(2) a survivor of an employee who should have been FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, was CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered instead.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(4)

"(A) a surviving spouse elects CSRS-Offset benefits; and

"(B) a FERS basic employee death benefit under section 8442(b) of title 5, United States Code, was previously paid,

then the survivor's CSRS-Offset benefit shall be subject to a reduction, under regulations prescribed by the Office. The reduced annuity to which the individual is entitled shall be equal to an amount which, when taken together with the amount of the payment referred to under subparagraph (B) would result in the present value of the total being actuarially equivalent to the present value of an unreduced CSRS-Offset annuity that would have been provided the individual.

"(5)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who—

"(1) should be (or should have been) FERS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered instead;

"(2) should be (or should have been) CSRS-Offset covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered instead; or

"(3) should be (or should have been) CSRS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) Social Security-Only covered instead.

"(a)

"(b)

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(B)

"(3)

"(4)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) is deemed to have elected FERS coverage; and

"(B) shall remain covered by FERS, unless the individual declines, under regulations prescribed by the Office, to be FERS covered.

"(2)

"(b)

"(c)

"This chapter shall be effective as of January 1, 1987, except that section 2132 shall not apply to individuals who made or were deemed to have made elections similar to those provided in this section under regulations prescribed by the Office before the effective date of this title.

"This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who should be (or should have been) CSRS-Offset covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) CSRS covered instead.

"(a)

"(b)

"This chapter shall apply in the case of any employee who should be (or should have been) CSRS covered but, as a result of a retirement coverage error, is (or was) CSRS-Offset covered instead.

"(a)

"(b)

"Government agencies shall take all such measures as may be reasonable and appropriate to promptly identify and notify individuals who are (or have been) affected by a retirement coverage error of their rights under this title.

"(a)

"(1) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

"(2) the Commissioner of Social Security; and

"(3) the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) request or provide only such information as that authority considers necessary; and

"(2) establish, by regulation or otherwise, appropriate safeguards to ensure that any information obtained under this section shall be used only for the purpose authorized.

"(a) CSRS

"(1) a FERS covered employee was erroneously CSRS covered or CSRS-Offset covered;

"(2) the employee made a service credit deposit under the CSRS rules; and

"(3) there is a subsequent retroactive change to FERS coverage,

the excess of the amount of the CSRS civilian or military service credit deposit over the FERS civilian or military service credit deposit, together with interest computed in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, and regulations prescribed by the Office, shall be paid to the employee, the annuitant or, in the case of a deceased employee, to the individual entitled to lump-sum benefits under section 8424(d) of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the employee owed a service credit deposit under section 8411(f) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B)(i) there is a subsequent retroactive change to CSRS or CSRS-Offset coverage; or

"(ii) the service becomes creditable under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code.

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(3)

"(A)

"(B)

"(a)

"(1) 'covered individual' means any employee, former employee, or annuitant who—

"(A) is or was employed erroneously subject to CSRS coverage as a result of a retirement coverage error; and

"(B) is or was retroactively converted to CSRS-offset coverage, FERS coverage, or Social Security-Only coverage; and

"(2) 'excess CSRS deduction amount' means an amount equal to the difference between the CSRS deductions withheld and the CSRS-Offset or FERS deductions, if any, due with respect to a covered individual during the entire period the individual was erroneously subject to CSRS coverage as a result of a retirement coverage error.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the total wages (as defined in section 3121(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3121(a)]) paid to such individual during each year of the entire period of the erroneous CSRS coverage; and

"(B) such additional information as the Commissioner may require for the purpose of carrying out the Commissioner's responsibilities under title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.).

"(2)

"(3)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

"(a)

"(1) is eligible to make an election of coverage under section 2101 or 2102, and only if FERS coverage is elected (or remains in effect) for the employee involved; or

"(2) is described in section 2111, and makes or has made retroactive employee contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under regulations prescribed by the Executive Director.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) remain in the CSRDF; and

"(B) may not be paid or credited to an agency.

"(2)

"(b)

"(1) shall pay the required additional amount into the CSRDF; and

"(2) shall not seek repayment of that amount from the employee, former employee, annuitant, or survivor.

"No agency shall place an individual under CSRS coverage unless—

"(1) the individual has been employed with CSRS coverage within the preceding 365 days; or

"(2) the Office has agreed in writing that the agency's coverage determination is correct.

"(a)

"(1) extend the deadlines for making elections under this title in circumstances involving an individual's inability to make a timely election due to a cause beyond the individual's control;

"(2) provide for the reimbursement of necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by an individual with respect to settlement of a claim for losses resulting from a retirement coverage error, including attorney's fees, court costs, and other actual expenses;

"(3) compensate an individual for monetary losses that are a direct and proximate result of a retirement coverage error, excluding claimed losses relating to forgone contributions and earnings under the Thrift Savings Plan under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and all other investment opportunities; and

"(4) waive payments required due to correction of a retirement coverage error under this title.

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(a)

"(b)

"(a)

"(1) the Civil Service Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Civil Service Retirement System; and

"(2) the Federal Employees' Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Federal Employees' Retirement System.

"(b)

"(1) the Civil Service Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Civil Service Retirement System; and

"(2) the Federal Employees' Retirement System, to the extent this title relates to the Federal Employees' Retirement System.

"All payments authorized or required by this title to be paid from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, together with administrative expenses incurred by the Office in administering this title, shall be deemed to have been authorized to be paid from that Fund, which is appropriated for the payment thereof.

"Nothing in this title shall preclude an individual from bringing a claim against the Government of the United States which such individual may have under section 1346(b) or chapter 171 of title 28, United States Code, or any other provision of law (except to the extent the claim is for any amounts otherwise provided for under this title).

"Except as otherwise provided in this title, this title shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000]."

Pub. L. 105–61, title VI, §642(a)–(c), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1318, as amended by Pub. L. 105–66, title III, §348, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1451, known as the "Federal Employees' Retirement System Open Enrollment Act of 1997", provided that any individual who, as of Jan. 1, 1998, was employed by the Federal Government, and on such date was subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, other than a Member of Congress, could elect to become subject to chapter 84 of this title, and directed Office of Personnel Management to promulgate regulations which would provide for an election to be made not before July 1, 1998, or after Dec. 31, 1998.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, §1616, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2741, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) The Secretary of Defense shall select the military installations to be covered by a pilot program under this section.

"(b)

"(A) while employed by the Department of Defense at a military installation selected to participate in a pilot program, performed a function that was recommended, in a report of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission submitted to the President under the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 ([part A of] title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note), to be privatized for performance by a defense contractor at the same installation or in the vicinity of the installation;

"(B) while so employed, separated from Federal service after being notified that the employee would be separated in a reduction in force resulting from such privatization;

"(C) at the time separated from Federal service, was covered under the Civil Service Retirement System, but was not eligible for an immediate annuity under the Civil Service Retirement System;

"(D) does not withdraw retirement contributions under section 8342 of title 5, United States Code;

"(E) within 60 days following such separation, is employed by the defense contractor selected to privatize the function to perform substantially the same function performed by the person before the separation; and

"(F) remains employed by the defense contractor (or a successor defense contractor) or subcontractor of the defense contractor (or successor defense contractor) until attaining early deferred retirement age (unless the employment is sooner involuntarily terminated for reasons other than performance or conduct of the employee).

"(2) A person who, under paragraph (1), would otherwise be eligible for an early deferred annuity under this section shall not be eligible for such benefits if the person received separation pay or severance pay due to a separation described in subparagraph (B) of that paragraph unless the person repays the full amount of such pay with interest (computed at a rate determined appropriate by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management) to the Department of Defense before attaining early deferred retirement age.

"(c)

"(d)

"(B) Subject to subparagraph (C), for purposes of computing the deferred annuity for a converted employee referred to in subparagraph (A), the average pay of the converted employee, computed under section 8331(4) of title 5, United States Code, as of the date of the employee's covered separation from Federal service, shall be adjusted at the same time and by the same percentage that rates of basic pay are increased under section 5303 of such title during the period beginning on that date and ending on the date on which the converted employee attains early deferred retirement age.

"(C) The average pay of a converted employee, as adjusted under subparagraph (B), may not exceed the amount to which an annuity of the converted employee could be increased under section 8340 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with the limitation in subsection (g)(1) of such section (relating to maximum pay, final pay, or average pay).

"(2)(A) This paragraph applies to a converted employee who was a prevailing rate employee (as defined under section 5342(2) [5342(a)(2)] of title 5, United States Code) immediately before the employee's covered separation from Federal service.

"(B) For purposes of computing the deferred annuity for a converted employee referred to in subparagraph (A), the average pay of the converted employee, computed under section 8331(4) of title 5, United States Code, as of the date of the employee's covered separation from Federal service, shall be adjusted at the same time and by the same percentage that pay rates for positions that are in the same area as, and are comparable to, the last position the converted employee held as a prevailing rate employee, are increased under section 5343(a) of such title during the period beginning on that date and ending on the date on which the converted employee attains early deferred retirement age.

"(e)

"(A) an increase in the average pay of the converted employee under subsection (d) upon which such benefits are computed; and

"(B) the commencement of an early deferred annuity in accordance with this section before the attainment of 62 years of age by the converted employee.

"(2) The estimated increase in the unfunded liability for each department referred to in paragraph (1) shall be determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. In making the determination, the Director shall consider any savings to the Fund as a result of a pilot program established under this section. The Secretary of the military department concerned shall pay the amount so determined to the Director in 10 equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System, with the first payment thereof due at the end of the fiscal year in which an increase in average pay under subsection (d) becomes effective.

"(f)

"(g)

"(h)

"(i)

"(j)

"(1) A review and evaluation of the program, including—

"(A) an evaluation of the success of the privatization outcomes of the program;

"(B) a comparison and evaluation of such privatization outcomes with the privatization outcomes with respect to facilities at other military installations closed or realigned under the base closure laws;

"(C) an evaluation of the impact of the program on the Federal workforce and whether the program results in the maintenance of a skilled workforce for defense contractors at an acceptable cost to the military department concerned; and

"(D) an assessment of the extent to which the program is a cost-effective means of facilitating privatization of the performance of Federal activities.

"(2) Recommendations relating to the expansion of the program to other installations and employees.

"(3) Any other recommendation relating to the program.

"(k)

"(l)

"(1) The term 'converted employee' means a person who, pursuant to subsection (b), is eligible for benefits under this section.

"(2) The term 'covered separation from Federal service' means a separation from Federal service as described under subsection (b)(1)(B).

"(3) The term 'Civil Service Retirement System' means the retirement system under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code.

"(4) The term 'defense contractor' means any entity that—

"(A) contracts with the Department of Defense to perform a function previously performed by Department of Defense employees;

"(B) performs that function at the same installation at which such function was previously performed by Department of Defense employees or in the vicinity of that installation; and

"(C) is the employer of one or more converted employees.

"(5) The term 'early deferred retirement age' means the first age at which a converted employee would have been eligible for immediate retirement under subsection (a) or (b) of section 8336 of title 5, United States Code, if such converted employee had remained an employee within the meaning of section 8331(1) of such title continuously until attaining such age.

"(6) The term 'severance pay' means severance pay payable under section 5595 of title 5, United States Code.

"(7) The term 'separation pay' means separation pay payable under section 5597 of title 5, United States Code.

"(m)

Pub. L. 103–226, §4, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 114, as amended by Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §3, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 108–487, title IV, §401(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 3946, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) who, on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 30, 1994] retires under section 8336(d)(2) of such title; and

"(B) to whom a voluntary separation incentive payment has been or is to be paid by such agency based on that retirement.

"(2)

"(A) the term 'final basic pay', with respect to an employee, means the total amount of basic pay which would be payable for a year of service by such employee, computed using the employee's final rate of basic pay, and, if last serving on other than a full-time basis, with appropriate adjustment therefor; and

"(B) the term 'voluntary separation incentive payment' means—

"(i) a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3 [5 U.S.C. 5597 note] (including under any program established under section 3(f)); and

"(ii) any separation pay under section 5597 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the number of employees of such agency who, as of March 31st of such fiscal year, are subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of such title; multiplied by

"(B) $80.

"(2)

"(c)

Pub. L. 99–556, title V, §505, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3141, provided that: "Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, any reference to a specific date in section 302, 303, 305 [5 U.S.C. 8331 notes], or 702(a) [5 U.S.C. 8401 note] of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 514) shall, for purposes of individual contributions (including deductions from basic pay), Government contributions, and refunds, be deemed to be a reference to the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after such date, or to the day before such first day, as appropriate."

Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(o), as added by Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §109(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1748, provided that: "An employee of Saint Elizabeths Hospital who is appointed to a position in the government of the District of Columbia on October 1, 1987, pursuant to the Saint Elizabeths Hospital and District of Columbia Mental Health Services Act (Public Law 98–621; 98 Stat. 3369 and following) [see Short Title note set out under section 225 of Title 24, Hospitals and Asylums] shall, for purposes of chapters 83, 87, and 89 of title 5, United States Code, be treated in the same way as an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987."

[Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §109(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1749, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [enacting note above] shall be effective as of October 1, 1987."]

Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §§301–303, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 599–605, as amended by Pub. L. 99–556, title III, §§301, 302, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3135, 3136; Pub. L. 100–20, §1(a), Apr. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§106, 107, 113(a)(1), 118, 119, 134(b), (c), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1746, 1747, 1750, 1752, 1764, 1765; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(b)(2)(D), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530, provided that:

"(a)

"(B) An election under this paragraph may not be made before July 1, 1987, or after December 31, 1987.

"(2)(A) Any individual who, after June 30, 1987, becomes reemployed by the Federal Government, and who is then subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, may elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title.

"(B) An election under this paragraph shall not be effective unless it is made during the six-month period beginning on the date on which reemployment commences.

"(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), any individual—

"(i) who is excluded from the operation of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, under subsection (g), (i), (j), or (l) of section 8347 of such title, and

"(ii) with respect to whom chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, does not apply because of section 8402(b)(2) of such title,

shall, for purposes of an election under paragraph (1) or (2), be treated as if such individual were subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code.

"(B) An election under this paragraph may not be made by any individual who would be excluded from the operation of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, under section 8402(c) of such title (relating to exclusions based on the temporary or intermittent nature of one's employment).

"(4) A member of the Foreign Service described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3903(6)] shall be ineligible to make any election under this subsection.

"(b)

"(1) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, but is not subject to section 204 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [section 204 of Pub. L. 98–168, set out below], the individual shall remain so subject to such subchapter unless the individual elects, after June 30, 1987, and before January 1, 1988—

"(A) to become subject to such subchapter under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such subchapter; or

"(B) to become subject to chapter 84 of such title.

An individual eligible to make an election under this paragraph may make the election described in subparagraph (A) or (B), but not both.

"(2) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and is also subject to section 204 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below], the individual—

"(A) shall, as of January 1, 1987, become subject to such subchapter under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such subchapter; and

"(B) may (during the six-month period described in subsection (a)(1)(B)) elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title.

"(3)(A) If, as of December 31, 1986, the individual is not subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, such individual may, during the 6-month period described in subsection (a)(1)(B)—

"(i) elect to become subject to chapter 84 of such title; or

"(ii) if such individual has not since made an election described in subparagraph (B), elect to become subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such subchapter.

"(B) Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to preclude the individual from electing to become subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title pursuant to notification under section 8331(2) of such title—

"(i) during the period after December 31, 1986, and before July 1, 1987; or

"(ii) after December 31, 1987, if such individual has not since become subject to subchapter III of chapter 83, or chapter 84, of such title.

"(C) Any individual who becomes subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title pursuant to notification under section 8331(2) of such title after December 31, 1986, shall become subject to such subchapter under the same terms and conditions as apply in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of such title who is subject to such subchapter.

"(c)

"(1) shall take effect beginning with the first pay period beginning after the date of the election; and

"(2) shall be irrevocable.

"(d)

"(2)(A) This subsection applies with respect to a former spouse who (based on the service of the individual involved) is entitled to benefits under section 8341(h) or 8345(j) of title 5, United States Code, under the terms of a decree of divorce or annulment, or a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any such decree, with respect to which the Office of Personnel Management has been duly notified.

"(B) This subsection does not apply with respect to a former spouse who has ceased to be so entitled as a result of remarrying before age 55.

"(3) The requirement under paragraph (1) shall be considered satisfied with respect to a former spouse if the individual seeking to make the election establishes to the satisfaction of the Office (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office)—

"(A) that the former spouse's whereabouts cannot be determined; or

"(B) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requiring the individual to seek the former spouse's consent would otherwise be inappropriate.

"(4)(A) The Office shall, upon application of an individual, grant an extension for such individual to make an election referred to in paragraph (1) if such individual—

"(i) files application for extension before the end of the period during which such individual would otherwise be eligible to make such election; and

"(ii) demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Office that the extension is needed to secure the modification of a decree of divorce or annulment (or a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any such decree) in order to satisfy the consent requirement under paragraph (1).

"(B) An extension under this paragraph shall be for 6 months or for such longer period as the Office considers appropriate.

"(e)

"(a)

"(1)(A) Any civilian service which is performed before the effective date of the election under section 301 shall not be creditable under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, except as otherwise provided in this subsection.

"(B) Any service described in subparagraph (A) which is covered service within the meaning of section 203(a)(3) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1107; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note) (hereinafter in this section referred to as 'covered service') shall be creditable under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, if—

"(i) with respect to any such service performed before January 1, 1987, 1.3 percent of basic pay for such service was withheld in accordance with such Act or, if either such withholding was not made or was made, but the amount so withheld was subsequently refunded, 1.3 percent of basic pay for such period is deposited to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 'Fund'), with interest (computed under section 8334(e) of such title); and

"(ii) with respect to any such service performed after December 31, 1986, and before the effective date of the election, an amount equal to the percentage of basic pay for such service which would be required to be withheld under section 8422(a) of title 5, United States Code, has been contributed to the Fund by the individual involved, whether by withholdings from pay or, if either no withholding was made or was made, but the amount withheld was subsequently refunded, the aforementioned percentage of basic pay for such period is deposited to the credit of the Fund, with interest (computed under section 8334(e) of such title).

"(C) Any service described in subparagraph (A)—

"(i) which is not covered service;

"(ii) which constitutes service of a type described in section 8411(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code (determined without regard to whether such service was performed before, on, or after January 1, 1989, and without regard to the provisions of section 8411(f) of such title); and

"(iii) which, in the aggregate, is equal to less than 5 years;

shall be creditable under chapter 84 of such title, subject to section 8411(f) of such title.

"(D) Any service described in subparagraph (A)—

"(i) which is not covered service;

"(ii) which constitutes service of a type described in section 8411(b)(3) of title 5, United States Code (determined without regard to whether such service was performed before, on, or after January 1, 1989, and without regard to the provisions of section 8411(f) of such title); and

"(iii) which, in the aggregate, is equal to 5 years or more;

shall be creditable for purposes of—

"(I) section 8410 of such title, relating to the minimum period of civilian service required to be eligible for an annuity;

"(II) any provision of section 8412 (other than subsection (d) or (e) thereof), 8413, 8414, 8442(b)(1), 8443(a)(1), or 8451 of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity;

"(III) the provisions of paragraphs (4) and (6);

"(IV) any provision of section 8412(d) of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity, but only if and to the extent that the service described in subparagraph (A) was as a law enforcement officer or firefighter;

"(V) any provision of section 8412(e) of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity, but only if and to the extent that the service described in subparagraph (A) was as an air traffic controller; and

"(VI) the provision of subsection (h) [now (i)] of section 8415 which relates to the minimum period of service required to qualify for the higher accrual rate under such subsection.

"(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the creditability under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, of any military service which is performed before the effective date of the election under section 301 shall be determined in accordance with applicable provisions of such chapter.

"(B) If the electing individual has performed service described in clauses (i) through (iii) of paragraph (1)(D), service described in subparagraph (A) which, but for the provisions of subsection (b), would be creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, as in effect on December 31, 1986, shall be creditable for purposes of—

"(i) any provision of section 8412 (other than subsection (d) or (e) thereof), 8413, or 8414 of such title which relates to a minimum period of service for entitlement to an annuity; and

"(ii) the provisions of paragraph (4).

"(3)(A)(i) If the electing individual becomes entitled to an annuity under subchapter II of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, or dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to benefits under subchapter IV of such chapter, the annuity for such individual shall be equal to the sum of the individual's accrued benefits under the Civil Service Retirement System (as determined under paragraph (4)) and the individual's accrued benefits under the Federal Employees' Retirement System (as determined under paragraph (5)).

"(ii) An annuity computed under this subparagraph shall be deemed to be the individual's annuity computed under section 8415 of title 5, United States Code.

"(B) If the electing individual becomes entitled to an annuity under subchapter V of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and if it becomes necessary to compute an annuity under section 8415 of such title with respect to such individual as a result of such individual's having become so entitled, the methodology set forth in subparagraph (A) shall be used in computing any such annuity under section 8415.

"(4) Accrued benefits under this paragraph shall be computed in accordance with applicable provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code (but without regard to subsection (j) or (k), or the second sentence of subsection (e), of section 8339 of such title) using only any civilian service under paragraph (1)(D), and any military service under paragraph (2)(B), which would be creditable for purposes of computing an annuity under such subchapter. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, in computing accrued benefits under this paragraph for an individual retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) of title 5, United States Code, section 8339(h) of such title (relating to reductions based on age at date of separation) shall not apply.

"(5) Accrued benefits under this paragraph shall be computed under section 8415 of title 5, United States Code, using—

"(A) total service creditable under chapter 84 of such title which is performed on or after the effective date of the election under section 301; and

"(B) with respect to service performed before such effective date—

"(i) creditable civilian service (as determined under applicable provisions of this subsection) other than any service described in paragraph (1)(D); and

"(ii) creditable military service (as determined under applicable provisions of this subsection) other than any service described in paragraph (2)(B).

"(6)(A) For purposes of any computation under paragraph (4) or (5), the average pay to be used shall be the largest annual rate resulting from averaging the individual's rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of creditable service or, in the case of an annuity based on service of less than 3 years, over the total period of service so creditable, with each rate weighted by the period it was in effect.

"(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), service shall be considered creditable if it would be considered creditable for purposes of determining average pay under chapter 83 or 84 of title 5, United States Code.

"(7) The cost-of-living adjustments for the annuity of the electing individual shall be made as follows:

"(A) The portion of the annuity attributable to paragraph (4) shall be adjusted at the time and in the amount provided for under section 8340 of title 5, United States Code.

"(B) The portion of the annuity attributable to paragraph (5) shall be adjusted at the time and in the amount provided for under section 8462 of title 5, United States Code.

"(8) For purposes of any computation under paragraph (4) in the case of an individual who retires under section 8412 or 8414 of title 5, United States Code, or who dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to benefits under subchapter IV of such chapter, sick leave creditable under section 8339(m) of such title shall be equal to the number of days of unused sick leave to the individual's credit as of the date of retirement or as of the effective date of the individual's election under section 301, whichever is less.

"(9) In computing the annuity under paragraph (3) for an individual retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) of title 5, United States Code, the reduction under section 8415(g) [now 8415(h)] of such title shall apply with respect to the sum computed under such paragraph.

"(10) An annuity supplement under section 8421 of title 5, United States Code, shall be computed using the same service as is used for the computation under paragraph (5).

"(11) Effective from its commencing date, an annuity payable to an annuitant's survivor (other than a child under section 8443 of title 5, United States Code) shall be increased by the total percent by which the deceased annuitant's annuity was increased under paragraph (7).

"(12)(A)(i) If the electing individual is a reemployed annuitant under section 8344 of title 5, United States Code, under conditions allowing the annuity to continue during reemployment, payment of the annuitant's annuity shall continue after the effective date of the election, and an amount equal to the annuity allocable to the period of actual employment shall continue to be deducted from the annuitant's pay and deposited as provided in subsection (a) of such section. Deductions from pay under section 8422(a) of such title and contributions under section 8423 of such title shall begin effective on the effective date of the election.

"(ii) Notwithstanding any provision of section 301, an election under such section shall not be available to any reemployed annuitant who would be excluded from the operation of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, under section 8402(c) of such title (relating to exclusions based on the temporary or intermittent nature of one's employment).

"(B) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for at least 1 year, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 1 year of full-time service, such annuitant's annuity, on termination of reemployment, shall be increased by an annuity computed—

"(i) with respect to reemployment service before the effective date of the election, under section 8339(a), (b), (d), (e), (h), (i), and (n) of title 5, United States Code, as may apply based on the reemployment in which such annuitant was engaged before such effective date; and

"(ii) with respect to reemployment service on or after the effective date of the election, under section 8415(a) through (g) [now 8415(a)–(c), (e)–(h)] of such title, as may apply based on the reemployment in which such annuitant was engaged on or after such effective date;

with the 'average pay' used in any computation under clause (i) or (ii) being determined (based on rates of pay in effect during the period of reemployment, whether before, on, or after the effective date of the election) in the same way as provided for in paragraph (6). If the annuitant is receiving a reduced annuity as provided in section 8339(j) or section 8339(k)(2) of title 5, United States Code, the increase in annuity payable under this subparagraph is reduced by 10 percent and the survivor annuity payable under section 8341(b) of such title is increased by 55 percent of the increase in annuity payable under this subparagraph, unless, at the time of claiming the increase payable under this subparagraph, the annuitant notifies the Office of Personnel Management in writing that such annuitant does not desire the survivor annuity to be increased. If the annuitant dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for at least 1 full year (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any survivor annuity payable under section 8341(b) of such title based on the service of such annuitant is increased as though the reemployment had otherwise terminated. In applying paragraph (7) to an amount under this subparagraph, any portion of such amount attributable to clause (i) shall be adjusted under subparagraph (A) of such paragraph, and any portion of such amount attributable to clause (ii) shall be adjusted under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph.

"(C)(i) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for at least 5 years, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 5 years of full-time service, such annuitant may elect, instead of the benefit provided by subparagraph (B), to have such annuitant's rights redetermined, effective upon separation from employment. If the annuitant so elects, the redetermined annuity will become payable as if such annuitant were retiring for the first time based on the separation from reemployment service, and the provisions of this section concerning computation of annuity (other than any provision of this paragraph) shall apply.

"(ii) If the annuitant dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for at least 5 full years (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any person entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of title 5, United States Code, based on the service of such annuitant shall be permitted to elect to have such person's rights redetermined in accordance with regulations which the Office shall prescribe. Redetermined benefits elected under this clause shall be in lieu of any increased benefits which would otherwise be payable in accordance with the next to last sentence of subparagraph (B).

"(D) If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis for less than 1 year (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of part-time employment), any amounts withheld under section 8422(a) of title 5, United States Code, from such annuitant's pay for the period (or periods) involved shall, upon written application to the Office, be payable to such annuitant (or the appropriate survivor or survivors, determined in the order set forth in section 8342(c) of such title).

"(E) For purposes of determining the period of an annuitant's reemployment service under this paragraph, a period of reemployment service shall not be taken into account unless—

"(i) with respect to service performed before the effective date of the election under section 301, it is service which, if performed for at least 1 full year, would have allowed such annuitant to elect under section 8344(a) of title 5, United States Code, to have deductions withheld from pay; or

"(ii) with respect to service performed on or after the effective date of the election under section 301, it is service with respect to which deductions from pay would be required to be withheld under the second sentence of section 8468(a) of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(2)(A) Nothing in paragraph (1), or in subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, shall preclude the making of a deposit under such subchapter with respect to any civilian service under subsection (a)(1)(D) or military service under subsection (a)(2)(B) either by the electing individual or, for purposes of survivor annuities, by a survivor of such individual.

"(B) Nothing in paragraph (1) shall preclude the payment of any lump-sum credit in accordance with section 8342 of title 5, United States Code.

"(c)

"(A) for a period of service under clause (i) of subsection (a)(1)(B), the amount by which—

"(i) the amount contributed with respect to such period, exceeds

"(ii) the amount required under such clause (i) with respect to such period;

"(B) for a period of service under clause (ii) of subsection (a)(1)(B), the amount by which—

"(i) the amount so contributed with respect to such period, exceeds

"(ii) the amount required under such clause (ii) with respect to such period; and

"(C) for a period of service under subparagraph (C) of subsection (a)(1), the amount by which—

"(i) the amount so contributed with respect to such period, exceeds

"(ii) the amount required under such subparagraph with respect to such period.

"(2) In accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, a refund under this subsection shall be payable upon written application therefor filed with the Office and shall include interest at the rate provided in section 8334(e)(3) of title 5, United States Code. Interest on the refund shall accrue monthly and shall be compounded annually.

"(a)

"(1) for the period beginning on January 1, 1984, and ending on December 31, 1986, the amount by which—

"(A) the total amount deducted from such individual's basic pay under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for such period, exceeds

"(B) 1.3 percent of such individual's total basic pay for such period; and

"(2) for the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on the day before the effective date of the election, the amount by which—

"(A) the total amount deducted from such individual's basic pay under such section 8334(a)(1) for such period, exceeds

"(B) the total amount which would have been deducted if such individual's basic pay had instead been subject to section 8334(k) of such title during such period.

A refund under this subsection shall be computed with interest in accordance with section 302(c)(2) and regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management.

"(b)

"(A) for any service during the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on the day before such effective date, there is deposited to the credit of the Fund a percentage of basic pay for such period equal to the percentage which would have applied under section 8334(k) of such title if such individual's pay had been subject to such section during such period;

"(B) for any period of service beginning on January 1, 1984, and ending on December 31, 1986, there is deposited to the credit of the Fund an amount equal to 1.3 percent of basic pay for such period; and

"(C) for any period of service before January 1, 1984, there is deposited to the credit of the Fund any amount required with respect to such period under such subchapter.

"(2) A deposit under this subsection may be made by the individual or, for purposes of survivor annuities, a survivor of such individual."

[Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §113(a)(2), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending section 301(a) of Pub. L. 99–335 set out above] shall be effective as of June 30, 1987. Any refund which becomes payable as a result of the preceding sentence shall, to the extent that such refund involves an individual's contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund (established under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code), be adjusted to reflect any earnings attributable thereto."]

[Amendment by section 134(b) of Pub. L. 100–238 to section 302(a) of Pub. L. 99–335 applicable with respect to any election made by a reemployed annuitant on or after Jan. 8, 1988, see section 134(d) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 8468 of this title.]

Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §117, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344, provided that: "The adjustments in the retirement provisions made by this Act shall not be construed to be a 'new government retirement system' for purposes of the Federal Employees Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (Public Law 98–168) [set out below]".

Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2206, July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1059, provided that:

"(a) For the purposes of this section, the term 'covered retirement system' shall have the same meaning as provided in section 203(a)(2) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (Public Law 98–168; 97 Stat. 1107) [set out below].

"(b)(1) Any individual who was entitled to make an election under section 208(a) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1111) [set out below], but who did not make such an election, may make an election under such section not later than September 15, 1984.

"(2)(A) Not later than September 15, 1984, any such individual who made an election under paragraph (1) of section 208(a) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below] may—

"(i) make any other election which such individual was entitled to make under such section before January 1, 1984; or

"(ii) elect to become a participant in a covered retirement system (if such individual is otherwise eligible to participate in such system), subject to sections 201 through 207 of such Act [set out below].

"(B) Not later than September 15, 1984, any such individual who made an election under paragraph (2) of section 208(a) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 may—

"(i) make any other election which such individual was entitled to make under such section before January 1, 1984; or

"(ii) elect to terminate participation in the covered retirement system with respect to which such individual made the election under such paragraph (2).

"(3) An election under this subsection shall be made by a written application submitted to the official by whom the electing individual is paid.

"(4) An election made as provided in this subsection shall take effect with respect to service performed on or after the first day of the first applicable pay period commencing after September 15, 1984.

"(c)(1) Section 8342(a)(4) of title 5, United States Code, does not apply for the purpose of determining an entitlement to a refund under section 208(c) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1111) [set out below].

"(2) Paragraph (1) shall take effect with respect to any election made under section 208(a) of such Act or this Act before, on, or after January 1, 1984.

"(d) Nothing in this section or the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [set out below] affects any entitlement to benefits accrued under a covered retirement system before January 1, 1984, except to the extent that any amount refunded under section 208(c) of such Act is not redeposited in the applicable retirement fund."

Pub. L. 98–168, title II, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1106, as amended by Pub. L. 99–190, §147, Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1324; Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §§305(a), 309, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 606, 607; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:

"(1) that the amount required to be contributed to certain public retirement systems by employees and officers of the Government who are also required to pay employment taxes relating to benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] for service performed after December 31, 1983, be modified until the date on which such employees and officers are covered by a new Government retirement system (the design, structure, and provisions of which have not been determined on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1983]) or January 1, 1987, whichever is earlier;

"(2) that the Treasury be required to pay into such retirement systems the remainder of the amount such employees and officers would have contributed during such period but for the temporary modification;

"(3) that the employing agencies make contributions to the retirement systems with respect to such service in amounts required by law in effect before January 1, 1984, without reduction in such amounts;

"(4) that such employees and officers accrue credit for service for the purposes of the public retirement systems in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1983] until a new Government retirement system covering such employees and officers is established;

"(5) that, where appropriate, deposits to the credit of such a retirement system be required with respect to service performed by an employee or officer of the Government during the period described in clause (1), and, where appropriate, annuities be offset by the amount of certain social security benefits attributable to such service; and

"(6) that such employees and officers who are first employed in civilian service by the Government or first take office in civilian service in the Government on or after January 1, 1984, become subject to such new Government retirement system as may be established for employees and officers of the Government on or after January 1, 1984, and before January 1, 1987, with credit for service performed after December 31, 1983, by such employees and officers transferred to such new Government retirement system.

"(1) the term 'covered employee' means any individual whose service is covered service;

"(2) the term 'covered retirement system' means—

"(A) the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code;

"(B) the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System under chapter 8 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4041 et seq.);

"(C) the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); and

"(D) any other retirement system (other than a new Government retirement system) under which a covered employee who is a participant in the system is required to make contributions to the system in an amount equal to a portion of the participant's basic pay for covered service, as determined by the President;

"(3) the term 'covered service' means service which is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.] by reason of the amendments made by section 101 of the Social Security Amendments of 1983 (97 Stat. 67) [amending section 3121 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 409 and 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 3121 of Title 26 and section 410 of Title 42]; and

"(4) the term 'new Government retirement system' means any retirement system which (A) is established for officers or employees of the Government by or pursuant to a law enacted after December 31, 1983, and before January 1, 1987, and (B) takes effect on or before January 1, 1987.

"(b) The President shall publish the determinations made for the purpose of subsection (a)(2)(D) in an Executive order.

"(1) section 8334 of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) section 805 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045);

"(3) section 211 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); or

"(4) any provision of any other covered retirement system which requires a participant in the system to make contributions of a portion of the basic pay of the participant;

for covered service which is performed after December 31, 1983, and before the earlier of the effective date of a new Government retirement system or January 1, 1987. Deductions shall be made and withheld as provided by such provisions in the case of covered service which is performed on or after such effective date or January 1, 1987, as the case may be, and is not subject to a new Government retirement system.

"(b) Employing agencies of the Government shall make contributions with respect to service to which subsection (a) of this section applies under the second sentence of section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, the second sentence of section 805(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4045(a)), the second sentence of section 211(a) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note), and any provision of any other covered retirement system requiring a contribution by the employing agency, as if subsection (a) of this section had not been enacted.

"(1) the term 'contribution deficiency', when used with respect to a covered retirement system, means the excess of—

"(A) the total amount which, but for section 204(a) of this Act, would have been deducted and withheld under a provision referred to in such section from the pay of covered employees participating in such retirement system for service to which such section applies, over

"(B) the total amount which was deducted and withheld from the pay of covered employees for such service as provided in section 204(a) of this Act; and

"(2) the term 'appropriate agency head' means—

"(A) the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, with respect to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability System under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code;

"(B) the Secretary of State, with respect to the Foreign Service Retirement and Disability System under chapter 8 of the Foreign Service Retirement Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 404 et seq.) [22 U.S.C. 4041 et seq.];

"(C) the Director of Central Intelligence, with respect to the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement and Disability System under the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note); and

"(D) the officer designated by the President for that purpose in the case of any retirement system described in section 203(a)(2)(D) of this Act.

"(b) At the end of each of fiscal years 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987, the appropriate agency head—

"(1) shall determine the amount of the contribution deficiency for such fiscal year in the case of each covered retirement system, including the interest that those contributions would have earned had they been credited to the fund established for the payment of benefits under such retirement system in the same manner and at the same time as deductions under the applicable provision of law referred to in section 204(a) of this Act; and

"(2) shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amount of the contribution deficiency in each such case.

"(c) Before closing the accounts for each of fiscal years 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1987, the Secretary of the Treasury shall credit to the fund established for the payment of benefits under each covered retirement system, as a Government contribution, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to the amount determined under subsection (b) with respect to that covered retirement system for the fiscal year involved.

"(d) Amounts credited to a fund under subsection (c) shall be accounted for separately than amounts credited to such fund under any other provision of law.

"(b)(1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply according to the provisions thereof only with respect to a covered employee who is employed by the Government on December 31, 1983.

"(2)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the interim covered service of such covered employee shall be considered—

"(i) in determining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity (other than a disability or survivor annuity) commencing under a covered retirement system during the period beginning January 1, 1984, and ending on the earlier of the date a new Government retirement system takes effect or January 1, 1987, by reason of the retirement of such covered employee during such period only if such covered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such covered service in an amount computed as provided in subsection (f); and

"(ii) in computing a disability or survivor annuity which commences under a covered retirement system during such period and is based in any part on such interim covered service.

"(B) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an annuity to which subparagraph (A)(ii) applies shall be reduced by the portion of the amount of any benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] and is attributable to the interim covered service considered in computing the amount of such annuity, as determined under subsection (g), unless, in the case of a survivor annuity, a covered employee has made a deposit with respect to such covered service for the purposes of subparagraph (A)(i) before the date on which payment of such annuity commences.

"(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a new Government retirement system is not established or is inapplicable to such a covered employee who retires or dies subject to a covered retirement system after the date on which such new Government retirement system takes effect, the interim covered service of such covered employee shall be considered in determining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee only if such covered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such covered service in an amount computed as provided in subsection (f).

"(c)(1) Paragraphs (2) and (3) apply according to the provisions thereof only with respect to a covered employee who was not employed by the Government on December 31, 1983.

"(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any annuity which commences under a covered retirement system during the period described in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) and is based, in any part, on interim covered service shall be reduced by the portion of the amount of any benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] to the annuitant and is attributable to such service, as determined under subsection (g).

"(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a new Government retirement system is not established, the interim covered service of such a covered employee who retires or dies after January 1, 1987, shall be considered in determining entitlement to and computing the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee only if such covered employee makes a deposit to the credit of such covered retirement system for such covered service in an amount computed as provided in subsection (f).

"(d) If a covered employee with respect to whom subsection (b)(3) or (c)(3) applies dies without having made a deposit pursuant to such subsection, any individual who is entitled to an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee or who would be entitled to such an annuity if such deposit had been made by the covered employee before death may make such deposit after the date of death of such covered employee. Service covered by a deposit made pursuant to the first sentence shall be considered in determining, in the case of each individual to whom the first sentence applies, the entitlement to and the amount of an annuity under a covered retirement system based on the service of such covered employee.

"(e) A reduction in annuity under subsection (b)(2)(B) or (c)(2) shall commence on the first day of the first month after the date on which payment of benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] commence and shall be redetermined each time an increase in such benefits takes effect pursuant to section 215(i) of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 415(i)]. In the case of an annuity of a participant or former participant in a covered retirement system, of a surviving spouse or child of such participant or former participant, or of any other person designated by such participant or former participant to receive an annuity, under a covered retirement system (other than a former spouse) the reduction in annuity under subsection (b)(2)(B) or (c)(2) shall be calculated before any reduction in such annuity provided under such system for the purpose of paying an annuity under such system to any former spouse of such participant or former participant based on the service of such participant or former participant.

"(f) For the purposes of subsection (b) or (c), the amount of a deposit to the credit of the applicable covered retirement system shall be equal to the excess of—

"(1) the total amount which would have been deducted and withheld from the basic pay of the covered employee for the interim covered service under such covered retirement system but for the application of section 204(a), over

"(2) the amount which was deducted and withheld from such basic pay for such interim covered service pursuant to section 204(a) and was not refunded to such covered employee.

"(g) For the purpose of subsections (b)(2)(B) and (c)(2), the portion of the amount of the benefits which is payable under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] to an individual and is attributable to interim covered service shall be determined by—

"(1) computing the amount of such benefits including credit for such service;

"(2) computing the amount of such benefits, if any, without including credit for such service; and

"(3) subtracting the amount computed under clause (2) from the amount computed under clause (1).

"(h) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall furnish to the appropriate agency head (as defined in section 205(a)(2)) such information as such agency head considers necessary to carry out this section.

"(1) if such individual is then currently a participant in a covered retirement system, elect by written application submitted before January 1, 1984—

"(A) to terminate participation in such system, effective after December 31, 1983; or

"(B) to remain under such system, as if the preceding sections of this Act [probably means this 'title'] and the amendments made by this Act had not been enacted; or

"(2) if such individual is then currently not a participant in a covered retirement system, elect by written application—

"(A) to become a participant under such system (if such individual is otherwise eligible to participate in the system), subject to the preceding sections of this Act [probably means this 'title'] and the amendments made by this Act; or

"(B) to become a participant under such system (if such individual is otherwise eligible to participate in the system), as if the preceding sections of this Act and the amendments made by this Act had not been enacted.

"(b) An application by an individual under subsection (a) shall be submitted to the official by whom such covered employee is paid.

"(c) Any individual who elects to terminate participation in a covered retirement system under subsection (a)(1)(A) is entitled to have such individual's contributions to the retirement system refunded, in accordance with applicable provisions of law, as if such individual had separated from service as of the effective date of the election.

"(d) Any individual who is eligible to make an election under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (a)(1), but who does not make an election under either such subparagraph, shall be subject to the preceding sections of this Act [probably means this 'title'] and the amendments made by this Act."

[Amendment to section 206(c)(3) of Pub. L. 98–168 by section 305(a)(1) of Pub. L. 99–335 directing the substitution of "January 1, 1987" for "January 1, 1986" has been executed by substituting "January 1, 1987" for "April 30, 1986" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §305(b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 606, provided that:

["(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending Pub. L. 98–168 set out above] shall be effective as of May 1, 1986.

["(2) Any refund payable to an individual as a result of paragraph (1) shall be paid out of funds of the appropriate retirement system.

["(3) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'retirement system' means a covered retirement system as defined by section 203(a)(2) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1107; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note)."]

[Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

[The Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, referred to in Pub. L. 98–168, set out above, is Pub. L. 88–643, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, which was revised generally by Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, is known as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act and is classified generally to chapter 38 (§2001 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Pub. L. 85–550, §13, July 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 410, as amended by Pub. L. 87–845, §2, Oct. 18, 1962, 76A Stat. 697, provided that:

"(a) Effective on and after the first day of the first pay period which begins in the third calendar month following the calendar month in which this Act is enacted [July 1958]—

"The Act of July 8, 1937 (50 Stat. 478; 68 Stat. 17; Public Numbered 191, Seventy-fifth Congress; Public Law 299, Eighty-third Congress), shall apply only with respect to those individuals within the classes of individuals subject to such Act of July 8, 1937, whose employment shall have been terminated, prior to such first day of such first pay period, in the manner provided by the first section of such Act; and

"(b) On or before the first day of the first pay period which begins in the third calendar month following the calendar month in which this Act is enacted [July 1958], the Panama Canal Company shall pay, as an agency contribution, into the civil service retirement and disability fund created by the Act of May 22, 1920, for each individual—

"(1) who is employed, on such first day of such first pay period, by the Canal Zone Government or by the Panama Canal Company, and

"(2) who, by reason of the enactment of this section and the operation of the Civil Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2251–2267) [this subchapter], is subject to such Act on and after such first day of such first pay period,

for service performed by such individual in the employment of—

"(A) the Panama Railroad Company during the period which began on June 29, 1948, and ended on June 30, 1951, or

"(B) the Panama Canal (former independent agency), the Canal Zone Government, or the Panama Canal Company during the period which began on July 1, 1951, and which ends immediately prior to such first day of such first pay period,

an amount equal to the aggregate amount which such individual would have been required to contribute for retirement purposes if he had been subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act during such periods of service.

"(c) Nothing contained in this section shall affect—

"(1) the rights of any individual existing immediately prior to such first day of such first pay period above specified, or

"(2) the continuing obligations of the Canal Zone Government and the Panama Canal Company under section 4(a) of the Civil Service Retirement Act (5 U.S.C. 2254(a)) [section 8334(a) of this title], to reimburse the civil service retirement and disability fund for Government contributions to such fund covering service performed, on or after such first day of such first pay period above specified, by the employees concerned."

Act July 31, 1956, ch. 804, title IV, §402, 70 Stat. 760, provided that:

"(a) On and after the effective date of this title [on the first day of the first month beginning more than sixty days after July 31, 1956] persons employed as members of the civilian faculties of the United States Naval Academy and the United States Naval Postgraduate School shall be included within the terms of the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter], and on and after that date the Act of January 16, 1936 (49 Stat. 1092), as amended [covered by section 7081 et seq. of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall not apply to such persons.

"(b) In lieu of the deposit prescribed by section 4(c) of the Civil Service Retirement Act [section 8334(c) of this title] an employee who by virtue of subsection (a) is included within the terms of such Act [this subchapter] shall deposit, for service rendered prior to the effective date of this title as a member of the civilian faculty of the United States Naval Academy or of the United States Naval Postgraduate School, a sum equal to so much of the repurchase price of his annuity policy carried as required by the Act of January 16, 1936, as amended [covered by section 7081 et seq. of Title 10, Armed Forces], as is based on the monthly allotments which were registered with the Navy Allotment Office toward the purchase of that annuity, the deposit to be made within six months after the effective date of this title. Should the deposit not be made within that period no credit shall be allowed under the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter] for service rendered as a member of the civilian faculty of the United States Naval Academy or of the United States Naval Postgraduate School subsequent to July 31, 1920, and prior to the effective date of this title. If the deposit is made, such service shall be held and considered to be service during which the employee was subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter]."

Ex. Ord. No. 12461, Feb. 17, 1984, 49 F.R. 6471, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (title II of Public Law 98–168) ("the Act") [set out as a note above], it is hereby ordered as follows:

Ronald Reagan.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

2 See Change of Name note below.

(a) The total service of an employee or Member is the full years and twelfth parts thereof, excluding from the aggregate the fractional part of a month, if any.

(b) The service of an employee shall be credited from the date of original employment to the date of separation on which title to annuity is based in the civilian service of the Government. Except as provided in paragraph (13) 1 of this subsection, credit may not be allowed for a period of separation from the service in excess of 3 calendar days. The service includes—

(1) employment as a substitute in the postal field service;

(2) service in the Pan American Sanitary Bureau;

(3) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed before July 10, 1960, as an employee of a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16 or of a committee or an association of producers described by section 610(b) of title 7;

(4) service as a student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;

(5) a period of satisfactory service of a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;

(6) employment under section 709 of title 32 or any prior corresponding provision of law;

(7) a period of service of a volunteer under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, or a period of service of a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least one year's duration under part A, B,2 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 only if he later becomes subject to this subchapter;

(8) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed after February 18, 1929, and before noon on January 3, 1971, as a United States Capitol Guide;

(9) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service as a substitute teacher for the government of the District of Columbia after July 1, 1955, if such service is not credited for benefits under any other retirement system established by a law of the United States;

(10) periods of imprisonment of a foreign national for which compensation is provided under section 410 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, if the individual (A) was subject to this subchapter during employment with the Government last preceding imprisonment, or (B) is qualified for an annuity under this subchapter on the basis of other service of the individual;

(11) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service in any capacity of at least 130 days (or its equivalent) per calendar year performed after July 1, 1946, for the National Committee for a Free Europe; Free Europe Committee, Incorporated; Free Europe, Incorporated; Radio Liberation Committee; Radio Liberty Committee; subdivisions of any of those organizations; Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Incorporated, Radio Free Asia; the Asia Foundation; or the Armed Forces Network, Europe (AFN–E), but only if such service is not credited for benefits under any other retirement system which is established for such entities and funded in whole or in part by the Government and only if the individual later becomes subject to this subchapter;

(12) service as a justice or judge of the United States, as defined by section 451 of title 28, and service as a judge of a court created by Act of Congress in a territory which is invested with any jurisdiction of a district court of the United States, but no credit shall be allowed for such service if the employee is entitled to a salary or an annuity under section 371, 372, or 373 of title 28;

(13) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed on or after December 6, 1967, and before the effective date of this paragraph as an employee of the House Beauty Shop, only if he serves as such an employee for a period of at least five years after such effective date;

(14) one year of service to be credited for each year in which a Native of the Pribilof Islands performs service in the taking and curing of fur seal skins and other activities in connection with the administration of the Pribilof Islands, notwithstanding any period of separation from the service, and regardless of whether the Native who performs the service retires before, on, or after the effective date of this paragraph;

(15) subject to sections 8334(c) and 8339(i) of this title, service performed on or after January 3, 1969, and before January 4, 1973, as the Washington Representative for Guam or the Washington Representative for the Virgin Islands, only if the individual serves as a Member for a period of at least five years after January 2, 1973;

(16) service performed by any individual as an employee described in section 2105(c) of this title after June 18, 1952, and before January 1, 1966, if (A) such service involved conducting an arts and crafts, drama, music, library, service club, youth activities, sports, or recreation program (including any outdoor recreation program) for personnel of the armed forces, and (B) such individual is an employee subject to this subchapter on the day before the date of the enactment of the Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities Employees' Retirement Credit Act of 1986; and

(17) service performed by any individual as an employee paid from nonappropriated funds of an instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) that is not covered by paragraph (16) and that is not otherwise creditable, if the individual elects (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office) to have such service credited under this paragraph.

The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Secretary of Agriculture or his designee concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type performed by an employee named by paragraph (3) of this subsection. The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Secretary of Commerce or his designee concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type performed by an employee named by paragraph (14) of this subsection. The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Capitol Guide Board concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type described in paragraph (8) of this subsection and performed by an employee. The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type described in paragraph (13) of this subsection. For the purpose of paragraph (5) of this subsection—

(A) a volunteer and a volunteer leader are deemed receiving pay during their service at the respective rates of readjustment allowances payable under sections 2504(c) and 2505(1) of title 22; and

(B) the period of an individual's service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 is the period between enrollment as a volunteer or volunteer leader and the termination of that service by the President or by death or resignation.

The Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Executive Director of the Board for International Broadcasting, and the Secretary of State with respect to the Asia Foundation and the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Armed Forces Network, Europe (AFN–E), concerning services for the purposes of this subchapter of the type described in paragraph (11) of this subsection. For the purpose of this subchapter, service of the type described in paragraph (15) of this subsection shall be considered Member service. The Office of Personnel Management shall accept, for the purposes of this subchapter, the certification of the head of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the United States concerning service of the type described in paragraph (16) or (17) of this subsection which was performed for such appropriated fund instrumentality. Service credited under paragraph (17) may not also be credited under any other retirement system provided for employees paid from nonappropriated funds of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (4) of this subsection and subsection (d) of this section—

(A) the service of an individual who first becomes an employee or Member before October 1, 1982, shall include credit for each period of military service performed before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to an annuity under this subchapter is based, subject to section 8332(j) of this title; and

(B) the service of an individual who first becomes an employee or Member on or after October 1, 1982, shall include credit for—

(i) each period of military service performed before January 1, 1957, and

(ii) each period of military service performed after December 31, 1956, and before the separation on which the entitlement to annuity under this subchapter is based, only if a deposit (with interest, if any) is made with respect to that period, as provided in section 8334(j) of this title.

(2) If an employee or Member is awarded retired pay based on any period of military service, the service of the employee or Member may not include credit for such period of military service unless the retired pay is awarded—

(A) based on a service-connected disability—

(i) incurred in combat with an enemy of the United States; or

(ii) caused by an instrumentality of war and incurred in line of duty during a period of war as defined by section 1101 of title 38; or

(B) under chapter 1223 of title 10 (or under chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act).

(3)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of this subsection, for purposes of computing a survivor annuity for a survivor of an employee or Member—

(i) who was awarded retired pay based on any period of military service, and

(ii) whose death occurs before separation from the service,

creditable service of the deceased employee or Member shall include each period of military service includable under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, as applicable. In carrying out this subparagraph, any amount deposited under section 8334(h) of this title shall be taken into account.

(B) A survivor annuity computed based on an amount which, under authority of subparagraph (A), takes into consideration any period of military service shall be reduced by the amount of any survivor's benefits—

(i) payable to a survivor (other than a child) under a retirement system for members of the uniformed services;

(ii) if, or to the extent that, such benefits are based on such period of military service.

(C) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph, including regulations under which—

(i) a survivor may elect not to be covered by this paragraph; and

(ii) this paragraph shall be carried out in any case which involves a former spouse.

(4) If, after January 1, 1997, an employee or Member waives retired pay that is subject to a court order for which there has been effective service on the Secretary concerned for purposes of section 1408 of title 10, the military service on which the retired pay is based may be credited as service for purposes of this subchapter only if the employee or Member authorizes the Director to deduct and withhold from the annuity payable to the employee or Member under this subchapter an amount equal to the amount that, if the annuity payment was instead a payment of the employee's or Member's retired pay, would have been deducted and withheld and paid to the former spouse covered by the court order under such section 1408. The amount deducted and withheld under this paragraph shall be paid to that former spouse. The period of civil service employment by the employee or Member shall not be taken into consideration in determining the amount of the deductions and withholding or the amount of the payment to the former spouse. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph.

(d) For the purpose of section 8339(c)(1) of this title, a Member—

(1) shall be allowed credit only for periods of military service not exceeding 5 years, plus military service performed by the Member on leaving his office, for the purpose of performing military service, during a war or national emergency proclaimed by the President or declared by Congress and before his final separation from service as Member; and

(2) may not receive credit for military service for which credit is allowed for purpose of retired pay under other statute.

(e) This subchapter does not affect the right of an employee or Member to retired pay, pension, or compensation in addition to an annuity payable under this subchapter.

(f) Credit shall be allowed for leaves of absence without pay granted an employee while performing military service or while receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title. An employee or former employee who returns to duty after a period of separation is deemed, for the purpose of this subsection, to have been in a leave of absence without pay for that part of the period in which he was receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title or any earlier statute on which such subchapter is based. Except for a substitute in the postal field service and service described in paragraph (14) of subsection (b) of this section,,3 credit may not be allowed for so much of other leaves of absence without pay as exceeds 6 months in the aggregate in a calendar year.

(g) An employee who during the period of a war, or of a national emergency as proclaimed by the President or declared by Congress, leaves his position to enter the military service is deemed, for the purpose of this subchapter, as not separated from his civilian position because of that military service, unless he applies for and receives a lump-sum credit under this subchapter. However, the employee is deemed as not retaining his civilian position after December 31, 1956, or after the expiration of 5 years of that military service, whichever is later.

(h) An employee who—

(1) has at least 5 years' Member service; and

(2) serves as a Member at any time after August 2, 1946;

may not be allowed credit for service which is used in the computation of an annuity under section 8339(c) of this title.

(i) An individual who qualifies as an employee under section 8331(1)(E) of this title is entitled to credit for his service as a United States Commissioner, which is not credited for the purpose of this subchapter for service performed by him in a capacity other than Commissioner, on the basis of—

(1) 1/313 of a year for each day on which he performed service as a Commissioner before July 1, 1945; and

(2) 1/260 of a year for each day on which he performed service as a Commissioner after June 30, 1945.

Credit for service performed as Commissioner may not exceed 313 days in a year before July 1, 1945, or 260 days in a year after June 30, 1945. For the purpose of this subchapter, the employment and pay of a Commissioner is deemed on a daily basis when actually employed.

(j)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, military service, except military service covered by military leave with pay from a civilian position, performed by an individual after December 1956, the period of an individual's services as a volunteer under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the period of an individual's service as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B,2 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, and the period of an individual's service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22, shall be excluded in determining the aggregate period of service on which an annuity payable under this subchapter to the individual or to his spouse, former spouse or child is based, if the individual, spouse, former spouse, or child is entitled, or would on proper application be entitled, at the time of that determination, to monthly old-age or survivors benefits under section 402 of title 42 based on the individual's wages and self-employment income. If the military service or service as a volunteer under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B,2 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or as a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 is not excluded by the preceding sentence, but on becoming 62 years of age, the individual or spouse, former spouse 4 becomes entitled, or would on proper application be entitled, to the described benefits, the Office of Personnel Management shall redetermine the aggregate period of service on which the annuity is based, effective as of the first day of the month in which he or she becomes 62 years of age, so as to exclude that service. The Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, on request of the Office, shall inform the Office whether or not the individual, spouse, former spouse, or child is entitled at any named time to the described benefits. For the purpose of this subsection, the period of an individual's service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under chapter 34 of title 22 is the period between enrollment as a volunteer or volunteer leader and termination of that service by the President or by death or resignation, and the period of an individual's service as a volunteer under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 or under part A, B,2 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 is the period between enrollment as a volunteer and termination of that service by the Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity or the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service, as appropriate, or by death or resignation.

(2) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection relating to credit for military service shall not apply to—

(A) any period of military service of an employee or Member with respect to which the employee or Member has made a deposit with interest, if any, under section 8334(j) of this title; or

(B) the service of any employee or Member described in section 8332(c)(1)(B) of this title.

(3) The provisions of paragraph (1) relating to credit for service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, part A, B,2 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or the Peace Corps Act shall not apply to any period of service as a volunteer or volunteer leader of an employee or Member with respect to which the employee or Member has made the deposit with interest, if any, required by section 8334(l).

(k)(1) An employee who enters on approved leave without pay to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees as defined by section 8331(1) of this title, within 60 days after entering on that leave without pay, may file with his employing agency an election to receive full retirement credit for his periods of that leave without pay and arrange to pay currently into the Fund, through his employing agency, amounts equal to the retirement deductions and agency contributions that would be applicable if he were in pay status. If the election and all payments provided by this paragraph are not made, the employee may not receive credit for the periods of leave without pay occurring after July 17, 1966, notwithstanding the third 5 sentence of subsection (f) of this section. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, "employee" includes an employee who was on approved leave without pay and serving as a full-time officer or employee of such an organization on July 18, 1966, and who filed a similar election before September 17, 1966.

(2) An employee may deposit with interest an amount equal to retirement deductions representing any period or periods of approved leave without pay while serving, before July 18, 1966, as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees as defined by section 8331(1) of this title. An employee who makes the deposit shall be allowed full retirement credit for the period or periods of leave without pay. If the employee dies, a survivor as defined by section 8331(10) of this title may make the deposit. If the deposit is not made in full, retirement credit shall be allowed in accordance with the third 5 sentence of subsection (f) of this section.

(l)(1) Any employee or Member who—

(A) is of Japanese ancestry; and

(B) while a citizen of the United States or an alien lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence, was interned or otherwise detained at any time during World War II in any camp, installation, or other facility in the United States, or in any territory or possession of the United States, under any policy or program of the United States respecting individuals of Japanese ancestry which was established during World War II in the interests of national security pursuant to—

(i) Executive Order Numbered 9066, dated February 19, 1942;

(ii) section 67 of the Act entitled "An Act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii", approved April 30, 1900 (chapter 339, Fifty-sixth Congress; 31 Stat. 153);

(iii) Executive Order Numbered 9489, dated October 18, 1944;

(iv) sections 4067 through 4070 of the Revised Statutes of the United States; or

(v) any other statute, rule, regulation, or order; or

(C) is of Aleut ancestry and while a citizen of the United States was interned or otherwise detained in, or relocated to any camp, installation, or other facility in the Territory of Alaska which was established during World War II for the purpose of the internment, detention, or relocation of Aleuts pursuant to any statute, rule, regulation, or order;

shall be allowed credit (as civilian service) for any period during which such employee or Member was so interned or otherwise detained after such employee became 18 years of age.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection, "World War II" means the period beginning on December 7, 1941, and ending on December 31, 1946.

(m)(1) Upon application to the Office of Personnel Management, any individual who is an employee on the date of the enactment of this subsection, and who has on such date or thereafter acquires 5 years or more of creditable civilian service under this section (exclusive of service for which credit is allowed under this subsection) shall be allowed credit (as service as a Congressional employee) for service before the date of the enactment of this subsection while employed by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Democratic National Congressional Committee, or the Republican National Congressional Committee, if—

(A) such employee has at least 4 years and 6 months of service on such committees as of December 12, 1980; and

(B) such employee makes a deposit to the Fund in an amount equal to the amount which would be required under section 8334(c) of this title if such service were service as a Congressional employee.

(2) Upon application to the Office of Personnel Management, any individual who was an employee on the date of enactment of this paragraph, and who has on such date or thereafter acquires 5 years or more of creditable civilian service under this section (exclusive of service for which credit is allowed under this subsection) shall be allowed credit (as service as a congressional employee) for service before December 31, 1990, while employed by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Democratic National Congressional Committee, or the Republican National Congressional Committee, if—

(A) such employee has at least 4 years and 6 months of service on such committees as of December 31, 1990; and

(B) such employee makes a deposit to the Fund in an amount equal to the amount which would be required under section 8334(c) if such service were service as a congressional employee.

(3) The Office shall accept the certification of the President of the Senate (or his designee) or the Speaker of the House (or his designee), as the case may be, concerning the service of, and the amount of compensation received by, an employee with respect to which credit is to be sought under this subsection.

(4) An individual receiving credit for service for any period under this subsection shall not be granted credit for such service under the provisions of the Social Security Act.

(n) Any employee who—

(1) served in a position in which the employee was excluded from coverage under this subchapter because the employee was covered under a retirement system established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act; and

(2) transferred without a break in service to a position to which the employee was appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and in which position the employee is subject to this subchapter,

shall be treated for all purposes of this subchapter as if any service that would have been creditable under the retirement system established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act was service performed while subject to this subchapter if any employee and employer deductions, contributions or rights with respect to the employee's service are transferred from such retirement system to the Fund.

(o)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the service of an individual finally convicted of an offense described in paragraph (2) shall not be taken into account for purposes of this subchapter, except that this sentence applies only to service rendered as a Member (irrespective of when rendered). Any such individual (or other person determined under section 8342(c), if applicable) shall be entitled to be paid so much of such individual's lump-sum credit as is attributable to service to which the preceding sentence applies.

(2)(A) An offense described in this paragraph is any offense described in subparagraph (B) for which the following apply:

(i) Every act or omission of the individual (referred to in paragraph (1)) that is needed to satisfy the elements of the offense occurs while the individual is a Member, the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government.

(ii) Every act or omission of the individual that is needed to satisfy the elements of the offense directly relates to the performance of the individual's official duties as a Member, the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government.

(iii) The offense—

(I) is committed after the date of enactment of this subsection and—

(aa) is described under subparagraph (B)(i), (iv), (xvi), (xix), (xxiii), (xxiv), or (xxvi); or

(bb) is described under subparagraph (B)(xxix), (xxx), or (xxxi), but only with respect to an offense described under subparagraph (B)(i), (iv), (xvi), (xix), (xxiii), (xxiv), or (xxvi); or

(II) is committed after the date of enactment of the STOCK Act and—

(aa) is described under subparagraph (B)(ii), (iii), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvii), (xviii), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxv), (xxvii), or (xxviii); or

(bb) is described under subparagraph (B)(xxix), (xxx), or (xxxi), but only with respect to an offense described under subparagraph (B)(ii), (iii), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvii), (xviii), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxv), (xxvii), or (xxviii).

(B) An offense described in this subparagraph is only the following, and only to the extent that the offense is a felony:

(i) An offense under section 201 of title 18 (relating to bribery of public officials and witnesses).

(ii) An offense under section 203 of title 18 (relating to compensation to Member of Congress, officers, and others in matters affecting the Government).

(iii) An offense under section 204 of title 18 (relating to practice in the United States Court of Federal Claims or the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit by Member of Congress).

(iv) An offense under section 219 of title 18 (relating to officers and employees acting as agents of foreign principals).

(v) An offense under section 286 of title 18 (relating to conspiracy to defraud the Government with respect to claims).

(vi) An offense under section 287 of title 18 (relating to false, fictitious or fraudulent claims).

(vii) An offense under section 597 of title 18 (relating to expenditures to influence voting).

(viii) An offense under section 599 of title 18 (relating to promise of appointment by candidate).

(ix) An offense under section 602 of title 18 (relating to solicitation of political contributions).

(x) An offense under section 606 of title 18 (relating to intimidation to secure political contributions).

(xi) An offense under section 607 of title 18 (relating to place of solicitation).

(xii) An offense under section 641 of title 18 (relating to public money, property or records).

(xiii) An offense under section 666 of title 18 (relating to theft or bribery concerning programs receiving Federal funds).

(xiv) An offense under section 1001 of title 18 (relating to statements or entries generally).

(xv) An offense under section 1341 of title 18 (relating to frauds and swindles, including as part of a scheme to deprive citizens of honest services thereby).

(xvi) An offense under section 1343 of title 18 (relating to fraud by wire, radio, or television, including as part of a scheme to deprive citizens of honest services thereby).

(xvii) An offense under section 1503 of title 18 (relating to influencing or injuring officer or juror).

(xviii) An offense under section 1505 of title 18 (relating to obstruction of proceedings before departments, agencies, and committees).

(xix) An offense under section 1512 of title 18 (relating to tampering with a witness, victim, or an informant).

(xx) An offense under section 1951 of title 18 (relating to interference with commerce by threats of violence).

(xxi) An offense under section 1952 of title 18 (relating to interstate and foreign travel or transportation in aid of racketeering enterprises).

(xxii) An offense under section 1956 of title 18 (relating to laundering of monetary instruments).

(xxiii) An offense under section 1957 of title 18 (relating to engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity).

(xxiv) An offense under chapter 96 of title 18 (relating to racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations).

(xxv) An offense under section 7201 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to attempt to evade or defeat tax).

(xxvi) An offense under section 104(a) of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (relating to prohibited foreign trade practices by domestic concerns).

(xxvii) An offense under section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (relating to fraud, manipulation, or insider trading of securities).

(xxviii) An offense under section 4c(a) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 6c(a)) (relating to fraud, manipulation, or insider trading of commodities).

(xxix) An offense under section 371 of title 18 (relating to conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud United States), to the extent of any conspiracy to commit an act which constitutes—

(I) an offense under clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), or (xxviii); or

(II) an offense under section 207 of title 18 (relating to restrictions on former officers, employees, and elected officials of the executive and legislative branches).

(xxx) Perjury committed under section 1621 of title 18 in falsely denying the commission of an act which constitutes—

(I) an offense under clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), or (xxviii); or

(II) an offense under clause (xxix), to the extent provided in such clause.

(xxxi) Subornation of perjury committed under section 1622 of title 18 in connection with the false denial or false testimony of another individual as specified in clause (xxx).

(3) An individual convicted of an offense described in paragraph (2) shall not, after the date of the final conviction, be eligible to participate in the retirement system under this subchapter or chapter 84 while serving as a Member.

(4) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection. Such regulations shall include—

(A) provisions under which interest on any lump-sum payment under the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be limited in a manner similar to that specified in the last sentence of section 8316(b); and

(B) provisions under which the Office may provide for—

(i) the payment, to the spouse or children of any individual referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (1), of any amounts which (but for this clause) would otherwise have been nonpayable by reason of such first sentence, subject to paragraph (5); and

(ii) an appropriate adjustment in the amount of any lump-sum payment under the second sentence of paragraph (1) to reflect the application of clause (i).

(5) Regulations to carry out clause (i) of paragraph (4)(B) shall include provisions to ensure that the authority to make any payment to the spouse or children of an individual under such clause shall be available only to the extent that the application of such clause is considered necessary and appropriate taking into account the totality of the circumstances, including the financial needs of the spouse or children, whether the spouse or children participated in an offense described in paragraph (2) of which such individual was finally convicted, and what measures, if any, may be necessary to ensure that the convicted individual does not benefit from any such payment.

(6) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the terms "finally convicted" and "final conviction" refer to a conviction (i) which has not been appealed and is no longer appealable because the time for taking an appeal has expired, or (ii) which has been appealed and the appeals process for which is completed;

(B) the term "Member" has the meaning given such term by section 2106, notwithstanding section 8331(2); and

(C) the term "child" has the meaning given such term by section 8341.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 567; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(73), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–486, §5(a), Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 757; Pub. L. 91–177, title I, §112(a), Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 831; Pub. L. 91–510, title IV, §442(b), Oct. 26, 1970, 84 Stat. 1191; Pub. L. 91–658, §1, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 92–297, §7(1), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 92–454, §1, Oct. 2, 1972, 86 Stat. 760; Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §602, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(32), (33), (39), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058, 1059; Pub. L. 95–382, §1(a), Sept. 22, 1978, 92 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(48), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2313, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2167; Pub. L. 96–523, §4(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040; Pub. L. 97–164, title II, §207(a), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 54; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §306(b), (c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795, 796; Pub. L. 97–346, §3(a), (b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1647; Pub. L. 98–51, title I, §111(2), July 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 269; Pub. L. 89–702, title II, §209(a)–(e), as added Pub. L. 98–129, §2, Oct. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 843; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2208(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1060; Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §202, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 23; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(g), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 99–556, title V, §502(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3140; Pub. L. 99–638, §2(b)(2), Nov. 10, 1986, 100 Stat. 3536; Pub. L. 100–204, title V, §503, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1383; Pub. L. 101–530, §1, Nov. 6, 1990, 104 Stat. 2338; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §466(a), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2384; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(58), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 103–82, title III, §371(a)(1), title IV, §405(b), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 909, 921; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(11), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, §637(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2580; Pub. L. 106–57, title III, §312, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 428; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. A, §901(a)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–195; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(a)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1242; Pub. L. 110–81, title IV, §401(a), Sept. 14, 2007, 121 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 112–105, §15(a)(1), (b), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 301.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2253 (less (f) and (g)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 3 (less (f) and (g))", 70 Stat. 745. | |

Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837, §409, 70 Stat. 877. | ||

June 17, 1957, Pub. L. 85–56, §2201(2), 71 Stat. 157. | ||

Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(c), 72 Stat. 1264. | ||

Sept. 21, 1959, Pub. L. 86–306, §1, 73 Stat. 583. | ||

Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87–293, §21, 75 Stat. 623. | ||

5 U.S.C. 2252(g) (2d sentence). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 2(g) (2d sentence)", 70 Stat. 745. | |

5 U.S.C. 2252(h)(2), (3). | July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(b)(1) "(h)(2), (3)", 74 Stat. 302. | |

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §2(a), 75 Stat. 770. | ||

5 U.S.C. 1054 (less 1st 27 words). | Aug. 4, 1947, ch. 452, §5 (less 1st 27 words), 61 Stat. 728. | |

22 U.S.C. 2504(f) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended). | Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87–293, §5(f) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended), 75 Stat. 614. | |

Dec. 13, 1963, Pub. L. 88–200, §2(c) (as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended), 77 Stat. 359. |


The section is reorganized for clarity.

Subsection (b)(B) is added on authority of section 2522(e) of title 22.

In subsection (c)(1)(B), the words "as that term is defined by section 301 of title 38" are coextensive with and substituted for "as that term is used in chapter 11 of Title 38".

In subsection (c)(2), the words "under chapter 67 of title 10" are substituted for "title III of Public Law 810, Eightieth Congress" on authority of the Act of Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 104, §49(b), 70A Stat. 640.

In subsection (f), the words "without pay" are added after "leaves of absence" in the first sentence for clarity and to align it with the use of the term in the second sentence. The words "postal field service" are coextensive with and substituted for "postal service".

In subsection (g), the words "has left" are omitted as executed.

In subsection (i), the words "but nothing contained in this chapter [chapter 30 of title 5] shall affect, otherwise than for the purposes of this chapter, the basis, under applicable law other than this chapter, on which such United States Commissioner is employed or on which his compensation is determined and paid" are omitted from the last sentence as surplusage as there is nothing in the chapter that can reasonably be construed to affect that basis other than for the purposes of the chapter.

In subsection (j), the words "or section 2504(f) of Title 22" are omitted as unnecessary since the provisions of that section applicable to this subchapter are carried into subsection (b). The last sentence is added on authority of section 2522(e) of title 22.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8332(k)(1) 8332(k)(2) |
5 App.: 2253(k)(1). 5 App.: 2253(k)(2). |
July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §503, 80 Stat. 300. |


In subsection (k)(1), the words "as defined by section 8331(1) of this title" are substituted for "as defined in section 1(a) of this Act". The words "occurring after July 17, 1966" are substituted for "occurring on or after date of enactment of this subsection". The words "notwithstanding the second sentence of subsection (f) of this section" are substituted for "notwithstanding the provisions of the second sentence of section 3(c) of this Act". The last sentence is substituted for the second sentence of former subsection (k)(1) to reflect the current effect of the subsection with regard to those employees who were on leave without pay on July 18, 1966, and who filed a similar election within the time prescribed by that sentence.

In subsection (k)(2), the words "before July 18, 1966" are substituted for "prior to the date of enactment of this subsection". The words "as defined by section 8331(1) of this title" are substituted for "as defined in section 1(a) of this Act". The second sentence is substituted for "and may receive full retirement credit for such period or periods of leave without pay". The words "If the employee dies" are substituted for "In the event of his death". The words "as defined by section 8331(10) of this title" are substituted for "as defined in section 1(o) of this Act". In the last sentence, the words "described in this paragraph" following "If the deposit" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "the second sentence of subsection (f) of this section" are substituted for "the second sentence of section 3(c) of this Act".

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsecs. (b)(7) and (j)(1), (3), is Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 73 Stat. 508, which was classified generally to chapter 34 (§2701 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal, except for titles VIII and X, by Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, §683(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 519. Titles VIII and X of the Act are classified generally to subchapters VIII (§2991 et seq.) and X (§2996 et seq.) of chapter 34 of Title 42. Part A of title VIII of that Act is part A of title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, which was classified generally to part A (§2992 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of Title 42, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417. See sections 4951 et seq. and 5055 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsecs. (b)(7) and (j)(1), (3), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394. Parts A and C of title I of the Act are classified generally to parts A (§4951 et seq.) and C (§4991 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part B of title I of the Act, which was classified generally to part B (§4971 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–13, title II, §2121, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1584. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 410 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(10), is classified to section 3970 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The effective date of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(13), is Jan. 3, 1978, the effective date of section 111(2) of Pub. L. 98–51. See Effective Date of 1983 Amendment note below.

The effective date of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(14), is Oct. 14, 1983, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 98–129.

The date of the enactment of the Nonappropriated Fund Instrumentalities Employees' Retirement Credit Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b)(16), is the date of enactment of section 2 of Pub. L. 99–638, which was approved Nov. 10, 1986.

Chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B), means chapter 67 (§1331 et seq.) of Title 10, Armed Forces, prior to its transfer to part II of subtitle E of Title 10, its renumbering as chapter 1223, and its general revision by section 1662(j)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337. A new chapter 67 (§1331) of Title 10 was added by section 1662(j)(7) of Pub. L. 103–337. For effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (Pub. L. 103–337, title XVI), see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10.

The Peace Corps Act, referred to in subsec. (j)(3), is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§2501 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of Title 22 and Tables.

Section 67 of the Act entitled "An Act to provide a government for the Territory of Hawaii", approved April 30, 1900 (chapter 339, Fifty-sixth Congress; 31 Stat. 153), referred to in subsec. (l)(1)(B)(ii), formerly classified to section 532 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, was omitted from such Title following the statehood of Hawaii.

Sections 4067 through 4070 of the Revised Statutes, referred to in subsec. (l)(1)(B)(iv), are classified to sections 21 through 24 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (m)(1), means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 96–523 which was approved Dec. 12, 1980.

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (m)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–554, which was approved Dec. 21, 2000.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (m)(4), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsec. (n), is section 10 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 260. For classification of section 10 to the Code, see Codification note set out under section 241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and Tables.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (o)(2)(A)(iii), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–81, which was approved Sept. 14, 2007.

The date of enactment of the STOCK Act, referred to in subsec. (o)(2)(A)(iii)(II), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 112–105, which was approved Apr. 4, 2012.

Section 7201 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (o)(2)(B)(xxv), is classified to section 7201 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 104(a) of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (o)(2)(B)(xxvi), is classified to section 78dd–2(a) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (o)(2)(B)(xxvii), is classified to section 78j(b) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

**2012**—Subsec. (o)(2)(A)(i), (ii). Pub. L. 112–105, §15(a)(1), inserted ", the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government" after "Member".

Subsec. (o)(2)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 112–105, §15(b)(1), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: "The offense is committed after the date of enactment of this subsection."

Subsec. (o)(2)(B). Pub. L. 112–105, §15(b)(2), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which described certain offenses set out in cls. (i) to (x).

**2007**—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 110–81 added subsec. (o).

**2001**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(a)(1)(D), (E), in concluding provisions, inserted "or (17)" after "service of the type described in paragraph (16)" and inserted at end "Service credited under paragraph (17) may not also be credited under any other retirement system provided for employees paid from nonappropriated funds of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality."

Subsec. (b)(17). Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(a)(1)(A)–(C), added par. (17).

**2000**—Subsec. (m)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 106–554 added par. (2) and redesignated former pars. (2) and (3) as (3) and (4), respectively.

**1999**—Subsec. (m)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–57 amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "such employee has at least 5 years service on such committees as of the effective date of this section, and".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk" in fourth sentence of concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §637(a)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (4)" for "Except as provided in paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 104–201, §637(a)(1), added par. (4).

**1994**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "chapter 1223 of title 10 (or under chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act)" for "chapter 67 of title 10".

**1993**—Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 103–82, §405(b), which directed that "the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service" be substituted for "the Director of ACTION", could not be executed because "the Director of ACTION" does not appear in text.

Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(1)(A)(i), in first sentence inserted "the period of an individual's service as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B, or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973," after "Economic Opportunity Act of 1964,".

Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(1)(A)(ii), in second sentence inserted ", as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B, or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973," after "Economic Opportunity Act of 1964".

Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(1)(A)(iii), in last sentence inserted "or under part A, B, or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973" after "Economic Opportunity Act of 1964", and inserted "or the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service, as appropriate," after "Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity".

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(1)(B), added par. (3).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "paragraph (16)" for "paragrpah (16)".

**1991**—Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted "section 1101 of title 38" for "section 301 of title 38".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–242 added subsec. (n).

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–530 struck out at beginning of last paragraph "service referred to in paragraph (6) is allowable only in the case of persons performing service under section 709 of title 32 after December 31, 1968."

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–204 inserted ", and the Secretary of State with respect to the Asia Foundation and the Secretary of Defense with respect to the Armed Forces Network, Europe (AFN–E)," after "Board for International Broadcasting" in last paragraph.

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–638 which directed the amendment of subchapter (b) of section 8332 by adding par. (16) and closing provision relating to acceptance by the Office of Personnel Management of the certification of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality concerning service of the type described in par. (16) was executed to subsec. (b) of this section, as the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 99–335, §207(g)(1)(C), (D), substituted "paragraph (14)" for "paragraph (13)" in second sentence following par. (15), and inserted last sentence providing that for purposes of this subchapter, service of the type described in par. (15) of this subsection shall be considered Member service.

Subsec. (b)(13) to (15). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(g)(1)(A), (B), redesignated the par. (13), relating to service credits for Pribilof Island Natives for taking and curing of fur seal skins and other activities, as par. (14), and added par. (15).

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 99–556 added par. (3).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(g)(2), substituted "paragraph (14)" for "paragraph (13)".

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 99–251 substituted "spouse, former spouse" for "widow" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(g)(3), which directed the substitution of "third" for "second" in last sentence of par. (1), was executed by substituting "third" for "second" in penultimate sentence of par. (1) and last sentence of par. (2) as the probable intent of Congress.

**1984**—Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 98–369 inserted in the par. (13) added by Pub. L. 98–129 ", and regardless of whether the Native who performs the service retires before, on, or after the effective date of this paragraph".

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–129 substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (13) of this subsection, credit" for "Credit" in provisions preceding par. (1), and inserted in provisions immediately following par. (13) the sentence providing that the Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Secretary of Commerce or his designee concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type performed by an employee named by par. (13) of this subsection.

Pub. L. 98–51, §111(2)(D), inserted in provisions immediately following par. (13) the sentence providing that the Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Clerk of the House of Representatives concerning service for the purpose of this subchapter of the type described in par. (13) of this subsection.

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 98–129 added a par. (13) relating to service performed by Pribilof Island Natives.

Pub. L. 98–51, §111(2)(A)–(C), added a par. (13) relating to service by a person as an employee of the House Beauty Shop.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–129 inserted "and service described in paragraph (13) of subsection (b) of this section," after "postal field service".

Subsec. (l)(1)(C). Pub. L. 98–129 added subpar. (C).

**1982**—Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 97–164 added par. (12).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(b), designated existing first sentence as par. (1), inserted provision differentiating between individuals who become employees or Members before Oct. 1, 1982, and those who become so on or after Oct. 1, 1982, and designated existing second sentence as par. (2) with accommodating redesignations of paragraphs and subparagraphs as subparagraphs and clauses accordingly.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(a), substituted "period" for "month".

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(b), redesignated provisions following "shall include credit for" as cl. (i), substituted "each period of military service performed before January 1, 1957, and" for "each month of military service (performed before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to an annuity under this subchapter is based) only if a deposit with interest, if any, is made with respect to that month, as provided in section 8334(j) of this title", and added cl. (2).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(c), redesignated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (j)(2)(A). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(a), substituted "period" for "month".

**1980**—Subsec. (b)(10), (11). Pub. L. 96–465 added pars. (10) and (11) and last sentence relating to acceptance by the Office of Personnel Management of the certification of the Executive Director of the Board for International Broadcasting.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–523 added subsec. (m).

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(48)(B), substituted "after December 31, 1968" for "United States Code, on or after the effective date of the National Guard Technicians Act of 1968" in last sentence.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(48)(A), struck out ", United States Code" after "32".

**1978**—Subsecs. (b), (j). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 95–382 added subsec. (l).

**1975**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(39), struck out "(—U.S.C.—)" after "Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(32), substituted "after February 18, 1929, and before noon on January 3, 1971" for "on and after February 19, 1929, and prior to the effective date of section 442 of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1970".

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 94–183, §2(33), substituted "8339(i)" for "8339(h)".

**1973**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 93–113 included period of service of a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least one year's duration under part A, B, or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973.

**1972**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–454 added par. (9).

Pub. L. 92–297 substituted "8339(i)" for "8339(h)" in pars. (3) and (8).

**1971**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–658 provided for leave-without-pay status for retirement purposes of employees or former employees who return to duty after a period of separation during which compensation benefits were received.

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–510 added par. (8) and provision for Civil Service Commission acceptance of certification of Capitol Guide Board concerning service for purpose of this subchapter, respectively.

**1969**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 91–177, §112(a)(1), added par. (7).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91–177, §112(a)(2), excluded period of an individual's services as a VISTA volunteer under part A of subchapter VIII of title 42, from aggregate period of service determining annuity payments.

Pub. L. 91–177, §112(a)(3), inserted provision for computation of period of service of a VISTA volunteer under part A of subchapter VIII of title 42.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–486 added par. (6), and provisions that service referred to in par. (6) is allowable only in the case of persons performing service under section 709 of title 32, on or after the specified effective date.

Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated Secretary of Health and Human Services by section 3508 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1244, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8334, 8339, 8411, 8415, and 8422 of this title] shall apply only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 28, 2001]."

Section 637(c) of Pub. L. 104–201 provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8411 of this title] shall take effect on January 1, 1997."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Section 371(c) of Pub. L. 103–82 provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(B)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) the numerator of which is the total of the wages (within the meaning of section 209 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) for service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or the Peace Corps Act of such individual credited for years before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 430] (or other applicable maximum annual amount referred to in section 215(e)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)] for each such year); and

"(ii) the denominator of which is the total of all wages described in clause (i), plus all other wages (within the meaning of section 209 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) and all self-employment income (within the meaning of section 211(b) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 411(b)]) of such individual credited for years after 1936 and before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base (or such other amount referred to in section 215(e)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)] for each such year.

"(B)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(iii)

"(I) the first month the individual described in paragraph (1)(A)(ii) is entitled to old-age or survivors benefits under section 202 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 402] (or would be entitled to such benefits upon filing an application therefor); or

"(II) the first calendar month beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 21, 1993], in the case of any individual entitled to such benefits for such month.

"(iv)

"(3)

"(4)

Amendment by section 371(a)(1) of Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, see section 392 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as a note under section 4951 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Section 406(b) of Pub. L. 103–82 provided that: "The amendments made by sections 404 and 405 [amending this section, section 558a of Title 16, Conservation, section 2501–1 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, section 1542 of Title 25, Indians, and sections 3012, 3013, 3035a, 4950, 4953, 4995, 5025, 5043, 5048, 5056, 5061, 5065, 5590, 5616, 6863, 11312, 11851, 12312, 12638, and 12653 of Title 42, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 1701z–6 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and sections 4954 and 5001 of Title 42] shall take effect on the effective date of section 203(c)(2)." [Section 203(c)(2) of Pub. L. 103–82 is effective Apr. 4, 1994, see section 203(d) of Pub. L. 103–82 and Proc. No. 6662, set out as notes under section 12651 of Title 42.]

Section 466(c) of Pub. L. 102–242 provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section and section 8411 of this title] shall apply with respect to any individual who transfers to a position in which he or she is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, on or after October 1, 1991."

Section 3(a) of Pub. L. 101–530 provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(i) separate from employment with the Government on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1990]; and

"(ii) make an appropriate deposit, in accordance with section 8334(c) or 8411(f) of title 5, United States Code (as appropriate), for additional service that is creditable under such amendment.

"(B)

"(i) shall include interest, which shall be computed under section 8334(e) of such title (except that the rate of interest shall be 3 percent a year) from the midpoint of the period of additional service to the date deposit is made; and

"(ii) shall be made before date of retirement.

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) was employed under section 709 of title 32, United States Code, relating to National Guard technicians, or any prior corresponding provision of law, before January 1, 1969, and

"(ii) was separated from employment with the Government on or after January 1, 1969, and before the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1990],

any annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, based on such individual's service (as defined in section 8331(12) or 8401(26) of such title, as applicable) shall be determined or redetermined to take into account the amendment made by section 1 [amending this section], if application therefor is received by the Office of Personnel Management within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and an appropriate deposit is made for any additional service that is creditable under such amendment. Any such deposit shall be computed, and must be paid either in a lump sum at the time of application or in installments over the 2-year period which begins on the date of application, or such shorter period as the Office may by regulation prescribe.

"(B)

"(3)

Section 2(c) of Pub. L. 99–638 provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act [amending this section and section 2105 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8331 of this title] which specifies an effective date for amendments made by this Act, the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 2105 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1986]."

Section 502(c) of Pub. L. 99–556 provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8411 of this title] shall apply to a survivor of an employee or Member who dies on or after the 180th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986].

"(2) Upon application to the Office of Personnel Management, such amendments shall also apply to a survivor of an employee or Member whose date of death precedes such 180th day, except that any resulting recomputation shall not be effective for any period beginning before the 60th day after the date on which the application is received."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 effective Oct. 14, 1983, see section 2208(c) of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as a note under section 1169a of Title 16, Conservation.

Section 111(2) of Pub. L. 98–51 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Jan. 3, 1978.

Section 3(n) of Pub. L. 97–346 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8334, 8342, 8344, and 8348 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 5504, 5532, 5728, 8331, 8334, and 8337 of this title] shall take effect as of the date of the enactment of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982 [Sept. 8, 1982]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 effective Oct. 1, 1982, except that any employee or Member who retired after Sept. 8, 1982, and before Oct. 1, 1985, or is entitled to an annuity under chapter 83 of this title based on a separation from service occurring during such period, or a survivor of such individual, may make a payment under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, and regulations required to be issued under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, to be issued by the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after such effective date, see section 306(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section 4(b) of Pub. L. 96–523 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 95–382 provided that:

"(a) The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 8334 of this title] shall take effect on the later of—

"(1) the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 22, 1978], or

"(2) October 1, 1978.

"(b) Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section and section 8334 of this title], shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or after the effective date of this Act, but no monetary benefit by reason of such amendments shall accrue for any period before such effective date.

"(c)(1) An annuity or survivor annuity based on the service of an employee or Member who performed service described in section 8332(l) of title 5, United States Code, as added by the first section of this Act, shall, upon application to the Civil Service Commission, be recomputed in accordance with such section 8332(l).

"(2) Any recomputation of an annuity under paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to months beginning more than 30 days after the date on which application for such recomputation is received in the Commission.

"(d)(1) The Civil Service Commission shall take such action as may be necessary and and appropriate to inform individuals entitled to have any service credited under section 8332(l) of title 5, United States Code, as added by the first section of this Act, or to have any annuity recomputed under subsection (c), of their entitlement to such credit or recomputation.

"(2) The Civil Service Commission shall, on request, assist any individual referred to in paragraph (1) in obtaining from any department, agency, or other instrumentality of the United States such information possessed by such instrumentality as may be necessary to verify the entitlement of such individual to have any service credited under such section 8332(l) or to have any annuity recomputed under subsection (c).

"(3) Any department, agency, or other instrumentality of the United States which possesses any information with respect to the internment or other detention of any employee or Member as described in such section 8332(l) shall, at the request of the Commission, furnish such information to the Commission."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Section 5(a) of Pub. L. 91–658 provided that: "The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] is effective only with respect to annuity accruing for full months beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1971]; but any part of a period of separation referred to in such amendment in which the employee or former employee was receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code, or any earlier statute on which such subchapter is based shall be counted whether the employee returns to duty before, on, or after such date of enactment. With respect to any person retired before such date of enactment any such part of a period of separation shall be counted only upon application of the former employee."

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–510 effective immediately prior to noon on Jan. 3, 1971, see section 601(1) of Pub. L. 91–510, set out as a note under section 4301 of Title 2, The Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–177 effective as to all former volunteers employed by the United States Government on or after the effective date of Pub. L. 91–177 which was approved on Dec. 30, 1969, see section 112(c) of Pub. L. 91–177.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 effective Jan. 1, 1969, except that no deductions or withholding from salary which result shall commence before first day of first pay period that begins on or after Jan. 1, 1968, see section 11 of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

Section 4 of Pub. L. 101–530 provided that: "The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe any regulations necessary for the implementation of this Act [amending this section, enacting provisions set out as a note above, and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard]."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1905, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2617, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) Sections 8333 and 8410 (relating to eligibility for annuity).

"(B) Sections 8336 (other than subsections (d), (h), and (p) thereof) and 8412 (relating to immediate retirement).

"(C) Sections 8338 and 8413 (relating to deferred retirement).

"(D) Sections 8336(d), 8336(h), 8336(p), and 8414 (relating to early retirement).

"(E) Section 8341 and subchapter IV of chapter 84 (relating to survivor annuities).

"(F) Section 8337 and subchapter V of chapter 84 (relating to disability benefits).

"(2)

"(3)

"(b)

"(1) Service performed by an individual as a nonjudicial employee of the District of Columbia courts—

"(A) which was performed prior to the effective date of the amendments made by section 11246(b) of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 [Pub. L. 105–33, see Effective Date of 1997 Amendment note set out under section 3121 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code]; and

"(B) for which the individual did not ever receive credit under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (other than by virtue of section 8331(1)(iv) of such title).

"(2) Service performed by an individual as an employee of an entity of the District of Columbia government whose functions were transferred to the Pretrial Services, Parole, Adult Supervision, and Offender Supervision Trustee under section 11232 of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 [111 Stat. 746]—

"(A) which was performed prior to the effective date of the individual's coverage as an employee of the Federal Government under section 11232(f) of such Act [111 Stat. 747]; and

"(B) for which the individual did not ever receive credit under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (other than by virtue of section 8331(1)(iv) of such title).

"(3) Service performed by an individual as an employee of the District of Columbia Public Defender Service—

"(A) which was performed prior to the effective date of the amendments made by section 7(e) of the District of Columbia Courts and Justice Technical Corrections Act of 1998 [112 Stat. 2427]; and

"(B) for which the individual did not ever receive credit under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (other than by virtue of section 8331(1)(iv) of such title).

"(4) In the case of an individual who was an employee of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections who was separated from service as a result of the closing of the Lorton Correctional Complex and who was appointed to a position with the Bureau of Prisons, the District of Columbia courts, the Pretrial Services, Parole, Adult Supervision, and Offender Supervision Trustee, the United States Parole Commission, or the District of Columbia Public Defender Service, service performed by the individual as an employee of the District of Columbia Department of Corrections—

"(A) which was performed prior to the effective date of the individual's coverage as an employee of the Federal Government; and

"(B) for which the individual did not ever receive credit under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (other than by virtue of section 8331(1)(iv) of such title).

"(c)

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. A, §901(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–196, provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(i) to receive credit under the provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code (whichever would be appropriate), as congressional employee service, for all such service; and

"(ii) to have all pay for such service which was so paid by a source other than the Clerk Hire account of a Member included (in addition to any amounts otherwise included in basic pay) for purposes of computing an annuity payable out of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund.

"(B)

"(i) the employee contributions that were actually made to such Fund under applicable provisions of law with respect to the service described in subparagraph (A); and

"(ii) the employee contributions that would have been required with respect to such service if the amounts described in subparagraph (A)(ii) had also been treated as basic pay.

The amount required under this subparagraph shall include interest, which shall be computed under section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code.

"(C)

"(i) any pay for such service (as described in subparagraph (A)(ii)) with respect to which the deposit under subparagraph (B) would otherwise be computed by applying the first sentence of section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, shall instead be computed in a manner based on section 8334(k) of such title; and

"(ii) any retirement benefits under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, shall be subject to offset (to reflect that portion of benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.] attributable to pay referred to in subparagraph (A)) similar to that provided for under section 8349 of such title.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(6)

"(7)

Pub. L. 104–88, title I, §105, Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 920, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) defining the types of leave for which credit may be given under this section (such definition to be similar to the corresponding provisions of the regulations under section 351.608(c)(2) of title 5 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1995]);

"(2) limiting the amount of accrued annual leave which may be used for the purposes specified in subsection (a) to the minimum period of time necessary in order to permit such employee to attain first eligibility for an immediate annuity under section 8336, 8412, or 8414 of title 5, United States Code (in a manner similar to the corresponding provisions of the regulations referred to in paragraph (1));

"(3) under which contributions (or arrangements for the making of contributions) shall be made so that—

"(A) employee contributions for any period of leave for which retirement credit may be obtained under this section shall be made by the employee; and

"(B) Government contributions with respect to such period shall similarly be made by the Interstate Commerce Commission or other appropriate officer or entity (out of appropriations otherwise available for such contributions); and

"(4) under which subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to an employee who declines a reasonable offer of employment in another position in the Department of Transportation made under this Act [see Tables for classification] or any amendment made by this Act.

"(c)

[Interstate Commerce Commission abolished and functions of Commission transferred, except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 104–88, to Surface Transportation Board effective Jan. 1, 1996, by section 1302 of Title 49, Transportation, and section 101 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as a note under section 1301 of Title 49.]

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §110, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1749, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A) before November 5, 1985; and

"(B) under a personal service contract with the United States, except as provided in paragraph (3).

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) states that the agency had intended, through such contract, that the individual involved (or that persons like the individual involved) be considered as having been appointed to a position in which such individual would be subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(ii) indicates the period of service which was performed under the contract by the individual involved, and includes copies of appropriate records or other documentation to support the determination as to the length of such period.

"(B)

"(3)

"(A) a contract for which any appropriations, allocations, or funds were used under section 636(a)(3) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 [22 U.S.C. 2396(a)(3)];

"(B) a contract entered into under section 10(a)(5) of the Peace Corps Act [22 U.S.C. 2509(a)(5)];

"(C) a contract under which the services of an individual may be terminated by a person other than the individual or the Government; or

"(D) a contract for a single transaction or a contract under which services are paid for in a single payment.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) performed service for which credit is allowable under subsection (a), and

"(B) retired on an annuity payable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, after January 23, 1980, and before the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1988],

any annuity under such subchapter based on the service of such individual shall be redetermined to take into account the amendment made by subsection (a) if application therefor is made, and the deposit requirement under such subsection is met, within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(2)

Pub. L. 100–92, §2, Aug. 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 679, provided that:

"(a) For purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and chapter 84 of such title—

"(1) service as an air traffic controller shall, with respect to any annuity which is based on a separation from service, or death, occurring on or after January 1, 1987, include any service as an air traffic controller whether performed before, on, or after January 1, 1987; and

"(2) the Office of Personnel Management shall accept the certification of the Secretary, or the designee of the Secretary, in determining the amount of any service performed by an individual as an air traffic controller.

"(b) For purposes of this section—

"(1) the term 'air traffic controller' has the meaning given such term by section 2109(1) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 207(b) of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 594); and

"(2) the term 'Secretary' has the meaning given such term by section 2109(2) of title 5, United States Code."

Section 1 of Pub. L. 99–638 provided: "That (a) service described in subsection (b) shall be considered creditable civilian service for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83, or chapter 84, of title 5, United States Code, as applicable, in the case of any individual who meets the requirements of subsection (c).

"(b) This section relates to any period of training as a student or graduate nurse under a plan approved under section 2 of the Act of June 15, 1943 (57 Stat. 153) [former 50 U.S.C. App. 1452], if the total period of training under such plan was at least 2 years.

"(c)(1) An individual may not receive credit for service pursuant to this Act [amending sections 2105 and 8332 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8331 and 8332 of this title] unless—

"(A) within 14 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1986], and in accordance with regulations under subsection (d), the individual files appropriate written application with the Office of Personnel Management;

"(B) at the time of filing the application under subparagraph (A), the individual is employed by the Government and subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code (other than section 8344 of such title), or chapter 84 of such title (other than section 8468 of such title);

"(C) before the date of the separation on which is based the individual's entitlement to an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, or chapter 84 of such title, as applicable, such individual deposits into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund the amount required under paragraph (2) with respect to the period of training involved.

"(2) The amount to be deposited shall be determined by the Office of Personnel Management in a manner consistent with applicable provisions of subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, chapter 84 of such title or title III of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335, title III, see Tables for classification], as the case may be, relating to deposits for earlier periods of civilian service for which deductions from basic pay have not been made.

"(d) The Office of Personnel Management shall, not later than 2 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 10, 1986], prescribe regulations to carry out this Act [amending sections 2105 and 8332 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8331 and 8332 of this title]."

Section 307 of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(k), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, provided that:

"(a) The provisions of section 8332(j) of title 5, United States Code, relating to credit for military service, shall not apply with respect to any individual who is entitled to an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, on or before the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982] or who is entitled to an annuity based on a separation from service occurring on or before such date of enactment.

"(b) Subject to subsection (b), in any case in which an individual described in subsection (a) is also entitled to old-age or survivors' insurance benefits under section 202 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 402] (or would be entitled to such benefits upon filing application therefor), the amount of the annuity to which such individual is entitled under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, (after taking into account subsection (a)) which is payable for any month shall be reduced by an amount determined by multiplying the amount of such old-age or survivors' insurance benefit for the determination month by a fraction—

"(1) the numerator of which is the total of the wages (within the meaning of section 209 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) for service referred to in section 210(l) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 410(l)] (relating to service in the uniformed services) and deemed additional wages (within the meaning of section 229 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 429]) of such individual credited for years after 1956 and before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 430] (or other applicable maximum annual amount referred to in section 215(e)(1) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)]) for each such year, and

"(2) the denominator of which is the total of all wages and deemed additional wages described in paragraph (1) of this subsection plus all other wages (within the meaning of section 209 of such Act [42 U.S.C. 409]) and all self-employment income (within the meaning of section 211(b) of such Act [42 U.S.C. 411(b)]) of such individual credited for years after 1936 and before the calendar year in which the determination month occurs, up to the contribution and benefit base (or such other amount referred to in such section 215(e)(1) [42 U.S.C. 415(e)(1)]) for each such year.

"(c) Subsection (b) shall not reduce the annuity of any individual below the amount of the annuity which would be payable under this subchapter to the individual for the determination month if section 8332(j) of title 5, United States Code, applied to the individual for such month.

"(d) For purposes of this section, the term 'determination month' means—

"(1) the first month the individual described in subsection (a) is entitled to old-age or survivors' insurance benefits under section 202 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 402] (or would be entitled to such benefits upon filing application therefor); or

"(2) October 1982, in the case of any individual so entitled to such benefits for such month.

"(e) The preceding provisions of this section shall take effect with respect to any annuity payment payable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, for calendar months beginning after September 30, 1982.

"(f) The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall furnish such information to the Office of Personnel Management as may be necessary to carry out the preceding provisions of this section."

Section 2 of Pub. L. 92–454 provided that: "An annuity or survivor annuity based on the service of an employee or annuitant who performed service described in section 1 of this Act [amending this section] shall, upon application to the Civil Service Commission, be recomputed, effective on the first day of the first month following the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 2, 1972], in accordance with section 1 of this Act."

Amendment by section 5(a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–486 not applicable to persons employed prior to Jan. 1, 1969 whose employment was covered by the civil service retirement provisions of section 8331 et seq. of this title, see section 5(d) of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

Section 6(a), (b) of Pub. L. 86–415, Apr. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 35, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), service as a commissioned officer in the Regular Corps of the Public Health Service prior to July 1, 1960, shall be considered, for purposes of credit under the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter], other than section 3(f) thereof [section 8333(a) of this title], as civilian service performed by an employee (as defined in such Act [this subchapter]) and commissioned officers of the Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service, subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter] on June 30, 1960, shall be considered as voluntarily separated on that date, with respect to service as such officers, from civilian positions subject to such Act [this subchapter].

"(b) If a commissioned officer of the Regular or Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service is retired after June 30, 1960, and becomes entitled to retired pay from the Public Health Service, all service in the Regular or Reserve Corps of the Public Health Service prior to July 1, 1960, together with any other service which is performed at any time with the Public Health Service, other than as a commissioned officer, and which is credited to the officer for purposes of such retirement, shall be considered as military service for purposes of section 3(b) of the Civil Service Retirement Act [subsecs. (c)–(e) of this section]; except that, in the case of any such officer who is retired pursuant to subsection (a) of section 211 of the Public Health Service Act [section 212(a) of Title 42], any such service which was performed prior to July 1, 1960, which was subject to the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter], and with respect to which he has not, prior to his retirement, received a refund of deductions under the Civil Service Retirement Act [this subchapter], shall not be considered as military service for purposes of such section 3(b) [subsecs. (c)–(e) of this section], but only if he waives his right to have such service included for purposes of computing the amount of his retired pay from the Service."

1 So in original. Probably should be paragraph "(14)".

2 See References in Text note below.

4 So in original. Probably should be "individual, spouse, or former spouse".

5 See 1986 Amendment note below.

(a) An employee must complete at least 5 years of civilian service before he is eligible for an annuity under this subchapter.

(b) An employee or Member must complete, within the last 2 years before any separation from service, except a separation because of death or disability, at least 1 year of creditable civilian service during which he is subject to this subchapter before he or his survivors are eligible for annuity under this subchapter based on the separation. If an employee or Member, except an employee or Member separated from the service because of death or disability, fails to meet the service requirement of the preceding sentence, the amounts deducted from his pay during the service for which no eligibility for annuity is established based on the separation shall be returned to him on the separation. Failure to meet this service requirement does not deprive the individual or his survivors of annuity rights which attached on a previous separation.

(c) A Member or his survivor is eligible for an annuity under this subchapter only if the amounts named by section 8334 of this title have been deducted or deposited with respect to his last 5 years of civilian service, or, in the case of a survivor annuity under section 8341(d) or (e)(1) of this title, with respect to his total service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §201(b), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 138; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(34), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (b) | 5 U.S.C. 2253(f), (g). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 3(f), (g)", 70 Stat. 746. |

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2256(f) (last sentence). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 6(f) (last sentence)", 70 Stat. 750. Aug. 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85–772, §1(a), 72 Stat. 930. |


In subsection (c), the words "eligible for" are substituted for "entitled to".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1975**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "of this title" for "of title 5" and "of this title" for "of this chapter".

**1969**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–93 provided for eligibility for a survivor annuity under section 8341(d) or (e)(1) of this title only if the requisite amounts are deducted or deposited with respect to total service period.

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–93 inapplicable in cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to Oct. 20, 1969, their rights and of their survivors continued as if such amendment had not been enacted, see section 207(a) of Pub. L. 91–93, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

(a)(1)(A) The employing agency shall deduct and withhold from the basic pay of an employee, Member, Congressional employee, law enforcement officer, firefighter, bankruptcy judge, judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, United States magistrate,1 Court of Federal Claims judge, member of the Capitol Police, member of the Supreme Court Police, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, as the case may be, the percentage of basic pay applicable under subsection (c).

(B)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), an equal amount shall be contributed from the appropriation or fund used to pay the employee or, in the case of an elected official, from an appropriation or fund available for payment of other salaries of the same office or establishment. When an employee in the legislative branch is paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives the contribution that otherwise would be contributed from the appropriation or fund used to pay the employee.

(ii) In the case of an employee of the United States Postal Service, no amount shall be contributed under this subparagraph.

(2) The amounts so deducted and withheld, together with the amounts so contributed, shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund under such procedures as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. Deposits made by an employee or Member also shall be credited to the Fund.

(b) Each employee or Member is deemed to consent and agree to these deductions from basic pay. Notwithstanding any law or regulation affecting the pay of an employee or Member, payment less these deductions is a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands for regular services during the period covered by the payment, except the right to the benefits to which the employee or Member is entitled under this subchapter.

(c) Each employee or Member credited with civilian service after July 31, 1920, for which retirement deductions or deposits have not been made, may deposit with interest an amount equal to the following percentages of his basic pay received for that service:

Percentage of basic pay | Service period | |
---|---|---|

Employee | 2½ | August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. |

3½ | July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. | |

5 | July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. | |

6 | July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. | |

6½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7 | January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1998. | |

7.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Member or employee for Congressional employee service | 2½ 3½ 5 6 |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. |

6½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7.5 | January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1998. | |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Member for Member service | 2½ 3½ |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. |

5 | July 1, 1942, to August 1, 1946. | |

6 | August 2, 1946, to October 31, 1956. | |

7½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

8 | January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1998. | |

8.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

8.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8.5 | January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002. | |

8 | After December 31, 2002. | |

Law enforcement officer for law enforcement service, member of the Supreme Court Police for Supreme Court Police service, and firefighter for firefighter service | 2½ 3½ 5 6 6½ 7 |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1974. |

7.5 | January 1, 1975, to December 31, 1998. | |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Bankruptcy judge | 2½ 3½ |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 3, 1926, to June 30, 1942. |

5 | July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. | |

6 | July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. | |

6½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7 | January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1983. | |

8 | January 1, 1984, to December 31, 1998. | |

8.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

8.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces for service as a judge of that court | 6 6½ 7 |
May 5, 1950, to October 31, 1956. November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. January 1, 1970, to (but not including) the date of the enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984. |

8 | The date of enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984, to December 31, 1998. | |

8.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

8.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8 | After December 31, 2000. | |

United States magistrate judge | 2½ 3½ |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. |

5 | July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. | |

6 | July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. | |

6½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7 | January 1, 1970, to September 30, 1987. | |

8 | October 1, 1987, to December 31, 1998. | |

8.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

8.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Court of Federal Claims Judge | 2½ 3½ |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. |

5 | July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. | |

6 | July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. | |

6½ | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7 | January 1, 1970, to September 30, 1988. | |

8 | October 1, 1988, to December 31, 1998. | |

8.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

8.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Member of the Capitol Police | 2.5 3.5 |
August 1, 1920, to June 30, 1926. July 1, 1926, to June 30, 1942. |

5 | July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1948. | |

6 | July 1, 1948, to October 31, 1956. | |

6.5 | November 1, 1956, to December 31, 1969. | |

7.5 | January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1998. | |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Nuclear materials courier | 7 | October 1, 1977 to October 16, 1998. |

7.5 | October 17, 1998 to December 31, 1998. | |

7.75 | January 1, 1999 to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Customs and border protection officer | 7.5 | After June 29, 2008. |


Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection and any provision of section 206(b)(3) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, the percentage of basic pay required under this subsection in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) shall, with respect to any covered service (as defined by section 203(a)(3) of such Act) performed by such individual after December 31, 1983, and before January 1, 1987, be equal to 1.3 percent, and, with respect to any such service performed after December 31, 1986, be equal to the amount that would have been deducted from the employee's basic pay under subsection (k) of this section if the employee's pay had been subject to that subsection during such period.

(d)(1) Each employee or Member who has received a refund of retirement deductions under this or any other retirement system established for employees of the Government covering service for which he may be allowed credit under this subchapter may deposit the amount received, with interest. Credit may not be allowed for the service covered by the refund until the deposit is made.

(2)(A) This paragraph applies with respect to any employee or Member who—

(i) separates before March 1, 1991, and receives (or elects, in accordance with applicable provisions of this subchapter, to receive) a refund (described in paragraph (1)) which relates to a period of service ending before March 1, 1991;

(ii) is entitled to an annuity under this subchapter (other than a disability annuity) which is based on service of such employee or Member, and which commences on or after December 2, 1990; and

(iii) does not make the deposit (described in paragraph (1)) required in order to receive credit for the period of service with respect to which the refund relates.

(B) Notwithstanding the second sentence of paragraph (1), the annuity to which an employee or Member under this paragraph is entitled shall (subject to adjustment under section 8340) be equal to an amount which, when taken together with the unpaid amount referred to in subparagraph (A)(iii), would result in the present value of the total being actuarially equivalent to the present value of the annuity which would otherwise be provided the employee or Member under this subchapter, as computed under subsections (a)–(i) and (n) of section 8339 (treating, for purposes of so computing the annuity which would otherwise be provided under this subchapter, the deposit referred to in subparagraph (A)(iii) as if it had been timely made).

(C) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(e)(1) Interest under subsection (c), (d)(1), (j), (k), or (l) of this section is computed in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection and regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management.

(2) Interest accrues annually on the outstanding portion of any amount that may be deposited under subsection (c), (d)(1), (j), (k), or (l) of this section, and is compounded annually, until the portion is deposited. Such interest is computed from the mid-point of each service period included in the computation, or from the date refund was paid. The deposit may be made in one or more installments. Interest may not be charged for a period of separation from the service which began before October 1, 1956.

(3) The rate of interest is 4 percent a year through December 31, 1947, and 3 percent a year beginning January 1, 1948, through December 31, 1984. Thereafter, the rate of interest for any calendar year shall be equal to the overall average yield to the Fund during the preceding fiscal year from all obligations purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury during such fiscal year under section 8348(c), (d), and (e) of this title, as determined by the Secretary.

(f) Under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, amounts deducted under subsection (a) or (k) of this section and deposited under subsections (c) and (d)(1) of this section shall be entered on individual retirement records.

(g) Deposit may not be required for—

(1) service before August 1, 1920;

(2) military service, except to the extent provided under section 8332(c) or section 8334(j) of this title;

(3) service for the Panama Railroad Company before January 1, 1924;

(4) service performed before October 29, 1983,,2 by natives of the Pribilof Islands in the taking and curing of fur seal skins and other activities in connection with the administration of the Pribilof Islands except where deductions, contributions, and deposits were made before October 29, 1983;

(5) days of unused sick leave credited under section 8339(m) of this title; or

(6) any period for which credit is allowed under section 8332(l) of this title.

(h) For the purpose of survivor annuities, deposits authorized by subsections (c), (d)(1), (j), and (k) of this section may also be made by a survivor of an employee or Member.

(i)(1) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall pay to the Fund the amount which an employee may deposit under subsection (c) of this section for service creditable under section 8332(b)(12) of this title if such creditable service immediately precedes service as an employee subject to this subchapter with a break in service of no more than ninety working days. The Director shall pay such amount from any appropriation available to him as a necessary expense of the appropriation concerned.

(2) The amount the Director pays in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be reduced by the amount of any refund to the employee under section 376 of title 28. Except to the extent of such reduction, the amount the Director pays to the Fund shall satisfy the deposit requirement of subsection (c) of this section.

(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the amount the Director pays under this subsection shall constitute an employer contribution to the Fund, excludable under section 402 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 from the employee's gross income until such time as the contribution is distributed or made available to the employee, and shall not be subject to refund or to lump-sum payment to the employee.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is covered by section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988 shall not be subject to deductions and contributions to the Fund, if the judge or magistrate judge notifies the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of an election of a retirement annuity under those provisions. Upon such an election, the judge or magistrate judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8342(a) of this title.

(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a judge who is covered by section 7296 of title 38 shall not be subject to deductions and contributions to the Fund, if the judge notifies the Director of the Office of Personnel Management of an election of a retirement annuity under that section. Upon such an election, the judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8342(a) of this title.

(6) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is covered by section 178 of title 28 shall not be subject to deductions and contributions to the Fund if the judge notifies the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of an election of a retirement annuity under those provisions. Upon such an election, the judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8342(a) of this title.

(j)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), and subject to paragraph (5), each employee or Member who has performed military service before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this subchapter is based may pay, in accordance with such regulations as the Office shall issue, to the agency by which the employee is employed, or, in the case of a Member or a Congressional employee, to the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, an amount equal to 7 percent of the amount of the basic pay paid under section 204 of title 37 to the employee or Member for each period of military service after December 1956. The amount of such payments shall be based on such evidence of basic pay for military service as the employee or Member may provide, or if the Office determines sufficient evidence has not been so provided to adequately determine basic pay for military service, such payment shall be based upon estimates of such basic pay provided to the Office under paragraph (4).

(B) In any case where military service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and reemployment pursuant to chapter 43 of title 38 occurs on or after August 1, 1990, the deposit payable under this paragraph may not exceed the amount that would have been deducted and withheld under subsection (a)(1) from basic pay during civilian service if the employee had not performed the period of military service.

(2) Any deposit made under paragraph (1) of this subsection more than two years after the later of—

(A) October 1, 1983; or

(B) the date on which the employee or Member making the deposit first becomes an employee or Member following the period of military service for which such deposit is due,

shall include interest on such amount computed and compounded annually beginning on the date of the expiration of the two-year period. The interest rate that is applicable in computing interest in any year under this paragraph shall be equal to the interest rate that is applicable for such year under subsection (e) of this section.

(3) Any payment received by an agency, the Secretary of the Senate, or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives under this subsection shall be immediately remitted to the Office for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund.

(4) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate, shall furnish such information to the Office as the Office may determine to be necessary for the administration of this subsection.

(5) Effective with respect to any period of military service after December 31, 1998, the percentage of basic pay under section 204 of title 37 payable under paragraph (1) shall be equal to the same percentage as would be applicable under subsection (c) of this section for that same period for service as an employee, subject to paragraph (1)(B).

(6)(A) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if the employing agency of such employee, Member, or annuitant makes an administrative error, such employing agency may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, shall be considered the employing agency of a Member or Congressional employee.

(C) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(k)(1) Effective with respect to pay periods beginning after December 31, 1986, in administering this section in the case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of this title—

(A) the amount to be deducted and withheld by the employing agency shall be determined in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection instead of subsection (a)(1)(A); and

(B) the amount of the contribution under subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1) shall be the amount which would have been contributed under such subparagraph if this subsection had not been enacted.

(2)(A) With respect to Federal wages of an employee or Member (or that portion thereof) not exceeding the contribution and benefit base during the calendar year involved, the appropriate amount to be deducted and withheld under this subsection is the amount by which—

(i) the total deduction for those wages (or for that portion) exceeds;

(ii) the OASDI contribution with respect to those wages (or that portion).

(B) With respect to any portion of Federal wages of an employee or Member which exceed the contribution and benefit base during the calendar year involved, the appropriate amount to be deducted and withheld under this subsection is an amount equal to the total deduction for that portion.

(C) For purposes of this paragraph—

(i) the term "Federal wages" means basic pay for service as an employee or Member, as the case may be;

(ii) the term "contribution and benefit base" means the contribution and benefit base in effect with respect to the period involved, as determined under section 230 of the Social Security Act;

(iii) the term "total deduction", as used with respect to any Federal wages (or portion thereof), means an amount equal to the amount of those wages (or of that portion), multiplied by the percentage which (but for this subsection) would apply under subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect to the individual involved; and

(iv) the term "OASDI contribution", with respect to any income, means the amount of tax which may be imposed under section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 with respect to such income (determined without regard to any income which is not a part of Federal wages).

(3) The amount of a deposit under subsection (c) of this section for any service with respect to which paragraph (1) of this subsection applies shall be equal to an amount determined based on the preceding provisions of this subsection, and shall include interest.

(4) In administering paragraphs (1) through (3)—

(A) the term "an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of this title" shall be considered to include any individual—

(i) who is subject to this subchapter as a result of a provision of law described in section 8347(o), and

(ii) whose employment (as described in section 8347(o)) is also employment for purposes of title II of the Social Security Act and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(B) the term "Federal wages", as applied with respect to any individual to whom this subsection applies as a result of subparagraph (A), means basic pay for any employment referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii).

(l)(1) Each employee or Member who has performed service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B,3 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or as a volunteer or volunteer leader under the Peace Corps Act before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this subchapter is based may pay, in accordance with such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management shall issue, an amount equal to 7 percent of the readjustment allowance paid to the employee or Member under title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 or section 5(c) or 6(1) of the Peace Corps Act or the stipend paid to the employee or Member under part A, B,3 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, for each period of service as such a volunteer or volunteer leader. This paragraph shall be subject to paragraph (4).

(2) Any deposit made under paragraph (1) more than 2 years after the later of—

(A) October 1, 1993; or

(B) the date on which the employee or Member making the deposit first becomes an employee or Member,

shall include interest on such amount computed and compounded annually beginning on the date of the expiration of the 2-year period. The interest rate that is applicable in computing interest in any year under this paragraph shall be equal to the interest rate that is applicable for such year under subsection (e).

(3) The Director of the Peace Corps and the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service shall furnish such information to the Office of Personnel Management as the Office may determine to be necessary for the administration of this subsection.

(4) Effective with respect to any period of service after December 31, 1998, the percentage of the readjustment allowance or stipend (as the case may be) payable under paragraph (1) shall be equal to the same percentage as would be applicable under subsection (c) of this section for the same period for service as an employee.

(5)(A) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if an employing agency of such employee, Member, or annuitant makes an administrative error that causes additional interest assessed to accrue on the deposit, the employing agency may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(B) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if the Office of Personnel Management makes an administrative error that causes additional interest assessed to accrue on the deposit, the Office of Personnel Management may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, shall be considered the employing agency of a Member or congressional employee.

(D) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(m) A Member who has served in a position in the executive branch for which the rate of basic pay was reduced for the duration of the service of the Member to remove the impediment to the appointment of the Member imposed by article I, section 6, clause 2 of the Constitution, or the survivor of such a Member, may deposit to the credit of the Fund an amount equal to the difference between the amount deducted from the basic pay of the Member during that period of service and the amount that would have been deducted if the rate of basic pay which would otherwise have been in effect during that period had been in effect, plus interest computed under subsection (e).

(n) Notwithstanding subsection (c), no deposit may be made with respect to service credited under section 8332(b)(17).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 569; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(74), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–486, §5(b), Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 757; Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §102(a), title II, §202, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 136, 138; Pub. L. 92–297, §7(2), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 93–350, §3, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 94–126, §§1(a), 2(a), Nov. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 679; Pub. L. 95–382, §1(b), Sept. 22, 1978, 92 Stat. 727; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §338(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 97–164, title II, §207(b), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 54; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §§303(a)(1), 306(d), (e), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 793, 796, 797; Pub. L. 97–346, §3(a), (c)–(e)(1), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1647, 1648; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §§1256(a), 1257, Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 701, 702; Pub. L. 89–702, title II, §209(f), as added Pub. L. 98–129, §2, Oct. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 843; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §116(b), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §201(a), (c), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 588, 591; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100–53, §2(b), June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 367; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§102, 108(b)(1), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1744, 1748; Pub. L. 100–659, §6(b), Nov. 15, 1988, 102 Stat. 3919; Pub. L. 101–94, title I, §102(a), Aug. 16, 1989, 103 Stat. 626; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(b)(1), (2)(A), (B), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–328, 1388–329; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§306(c)(2), (e)(2), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, 5112, 5117; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §402(d)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(59), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11004(a)(3), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 103–82, title III, §371(a)(2), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 910; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 103–353, §5(b), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3173; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(12), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(a)(3), (4), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 653, 657; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(1), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(c)(1), (2), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2254; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(d)(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 773; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(a)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–50; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–86; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(a)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 108–18, §2(b), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 624; Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §802(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3249; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(a)(2), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1902(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2615; Pub. L. 115–352, §§2(a), 3(a), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5067, 5068.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

2 U.S.C. 129. | July 1, 1957, Pub. L. 85–75, §101 (proviso on p. 248), 71 Stat. 248. | |

5 U.S.C. 2254. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 4", 70 Stat. 747. | |

June 29, 1957, Pub. L. 85–65, §1, 71 Stat. 209. | ||

May 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85–426, §214(b) (words before comma), 72 Stat. 143. | ||

Aug. 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85–772, §1(d), 72 Stat. 930. |


In subsection (a), the words "From and after the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the effective date of the Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments of 1956" and "From and after the first day of the first pay period which begins after June 30, 1957" in former section 2254 are omitted as executed. The words "on and after July 1, 1957" in former section 129 of title 2 are omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the word "rule" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8334(g)(4) | 5 App.: 2254(g). | Nov. 2, 1966, Pub. L. 89–702, §208(c), 80 Stat. 1096. |


The date of the enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984, referred to in the table in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 98–94 which was approved Sept. 24, 1983.

Sections 203 and 206 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [Pub. L. 98–168], referred to in subsec. (c), are set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Sections 402 and 3101(a) and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (i)(3) and (k)(2)(C)(iv), (4)(A)(ii), are classified to sections 402 and 3101(a) and chapter 21 (§3101 et seq.), respectively, of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (i)(4), is section 2(c) of Pub. L. 100–659, which is set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (k)(2)(C)(ii), (4)(A)(ii), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 230 of the Social Security Act is classified to section 430 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (l)(1), is Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508. Title VIII of the Act probably means title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 89–794, title VIII, §801, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472, and generally revised and amended by Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, which was classified generally to subchapter VIII (§2991 et seq.) of chapter 34 of Title 42, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417. Part A of title VIII of the Act is part A of title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 90–222, §110, which was classified generally to part A (§2992 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of Title 42, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, §603. See sections 4951 et seq. and 5055 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (l)(1), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394. Parts A and C of title I of the Act are classified generally to parts A (§4951 et seq.) and C (§4991 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part B of title I of the Act, which was classified generally to part B (§4971 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–13, title II, §2121, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1584. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Peace Corps Act, referred to in subsec. (l)(1), is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§2501 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Sections 5(c) and 6(1) of the Act are classified to sections 2504(c) and 2505(1), respectively, of Title 22. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of Title 22 and Tables.

**2018**—Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 115–352, §2(a), added par. (6).

Subsec. (l)(5). Pub. L. 115–352, §3(a), added par. (5).

**2009**—Subsec. (d)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "March 1, 1991" for "October 1, 1990" in two places.

**2007**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–161, §535(a)(2)(A), substituted "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer," for "or nuclear materials courier,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–161, §535(a)(2)(B), inserted table relating to customs and border protection officer.

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–435 added cl. (ii) and struck out former cl. (ii) which read as follows: "In the case of an employee of the United States Postal Service, the amount to be contributed under this subparagraph shall (instead of the amount described in clause (i)) be equal to the product derived by multiplying the employee's basic pay by the percentage equal to—

"(I) the normal-cost percentage for the applicable employee category listed in subparagraph (A), minus

"(II) the percentage deduction rate that applies with respect to such employee under subparagraph (A)."

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(b)(1), designated first sentence as subpar. (A), designated second and third sentences as subpar. (B)(i), substituted "Except as provided in clause (ii), an equal" for "An equal" in subpar. (B)(i), and added subpar. (B)(ii).

Subsec. (k)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(b)(2)(A), substituted "subsection (a)(1)(A)" for "the first sentence of subsection (a)(1) of this section".

Subsec. (k)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(b)(2)(B), substituted "subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1)" for "the second sentence of subsection (a)(1) of this section" and "such subparagraph" for "such sentence".

Subsec. (k)(2)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(b)(2)(C), substituted "subsection (a)(1)(A)" for "the first sentence of subsection (a)(1)".

**2001**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 107–107 added subsec. (n).

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(1)(A)], inserted "member of the Supreme Court Police," after "member of the Capitol Police,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(1)(B)], in table relating to law enforcement officer for law enforcement service and firefighter for firefighter service, inserted ", member of the Supreme Court Police for Supreme Court Police service," after "law enforcement service".

Pub. L. 106–346, in tables relating to an employee, a Member or employee for Congressional employee service, a law enforcement officer for law enforcement service and firefighter for firefighter service, a bankruptcy judge, a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces for service as a judge of that court, a United States magistrate judge, a Court of Federal Claims judge, a member of the Capitol Police, and a nuclear materials courier, substituted item relating to service period after December 31, 2000, for former items relating to service periods January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002, and after December 31, 2002.

**1999**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–65, in table relating to nuclear materials courier, substituted "October 16, 1998" for "the day before the date of the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999" and "October 17, 1998" for "The date of the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999".

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–261, §3154(c)(1), substituted "member of the Capitol Police, or nuclear materials courier," for "or member of the Capitol Police,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–261, §3154(c)(2), inserted table relating to nuclear materials courier.

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(A), amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "The employing agency shall deduct and withhold 7 percent of the basic pay of an employee, 7½ percent of the basic pay of a Congressional employee, a law enforcement officer, and a firefighter, and 8 percent of the basic pay of a Member, a Court of Federal Claims judge, a United States magistrate, a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, and a bankruptcy judge."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(ix), inserted table relating to member of the Capitol Police.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(viii), in table relating to a Court of Federal Claims Judge, substituted items relating to service periods October 1, 1988, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period after September 30, 1988.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(vii), in table relating to a United States magistrate, substituted items relating to service periods October 1, 1987, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period after September 30, 1987.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(vi), in table relating to a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces for service as a judge of that court, substituted items relating to service periods on and after the date of enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period on and after the date of the enactment of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1984.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(v), in table relating to a bankruptcy judge, substituted items relating to service periods January 1, 1984, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period after December 31, 1983.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(iv), in table relating to a law enforcement officer for law enforcement service and firefighter for firefighter service, substituted items relating to service periods January 1, 1975, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period after December 31, 1974.

Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(3)(B)(i)–(iii), in tables relating to an employee, a Member or employee for Congressional employee service, and a Member for Member service, substituted items relating to service periods January 1, 1970, to after December 31, 2002, for former item relating to service period after December 31, 1969.

Subsec. (j)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(4)(A)(i), inserted "and subject to paragraph (5)," after "Except as provided in subparagraph (B),".

Subsec. (j)(5). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(4)(A)(ii), added par. (5).

Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(4)(B)(i), inserted at end "This paragraph shall be subject to paragraph (4)."

Subsec. (l)(4). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(a)(4)(B)(ii), added par. (4).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–61 added subsec. (m).

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 104–186, §215(12)(A), substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives" for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Clerk may pay from the contingent fund of the House".

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "Secretary of the Treasury" for "Comptroller General of the United States".

Subsec. (j)(1)(A), (3). Pub. L. 104–186, §215(12)(B), substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals" in table.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(b)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and substituted "Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each employee" for "Each employee" and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (j)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(b)(2), inserted before comma at end "following the period of military service for which such deposit is due".

**1993**—Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(2)(B), substituted "(k), or (l)" for "or (k)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–66 struck out "and by section 8339(j)(5)(C) and the last sentence of section 8339(k)(2) of this title" before "may also be made".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 103–82, §371(a)(2)(A), added subsec. (l).

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(2), substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(2), substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" in table.

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 102–378 redesignated par. (5), relating to United States Claims Court judges, as (6).

Subsec. (i)(6). Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(1), substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

Pub. L. 102–378 redesignated par. (5), relating to United States Claims Court judges, as (6).

**1991**—Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 102–40 substituted "section 7296 of title 38" for "section 4096 of title 38".

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–650, §306(c)(2)(A), inserted "a Claims Court Judge," after "Member,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–650, §306(c)(2)(B), inserted table covering percentages of pay and service periods for a Claims Court Judge.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(2)(A), substituted "(d)(1)," for "(d),".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(2)(B), substituted "(d)(1)" for "(d)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(2)(A), substituted "(d)(1)," for "(d),".

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 101–650, §3069(e)(2), added par. (5) relating to judges covered by a section of title 28.

**1989**—Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 101–94 added par. (5) relating to judges covered by a section of title 38.

**1988**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–238, §102, struck out period at end and inserted ", and, with respect to any such service performed after December 31, 1986, be equal to the amount that would have been deducted from the employee's basic pay under subsection (k) of this section if the employee's pay had been subject to that subsection during such period."

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 100–659 added par. (4).

Subsec. (k)(4). Pub. L. 100–238, §108(b)(1), added par. (4).

**1987**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–53, §2(b)(1), substituted "Member, a United States magistrate, a judge" for "Member and a judge" and "Appeals," for "Appeals".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–53, §2(b)(2), inserted table covering percentages of basic pay and service periods for United States magistrates.

**1986**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–335, §201(c), inserted provision that notwithstanding preceding provisions of this subsection and any provision of section 206(b)(3) of Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, the percentage of basic pay required under this subsection in case of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) of this title shall, with respect to any covered service performed after Dec. 31, 1983, and before Jan. 1, 1987, be equal to 1.3 percent.

Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 99–335, §201(a)(2)(A), substituted "(j), or (k)" for "or (j)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–335, §201(a)(2)(B), inserted "or (k)" after "subsection (a)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 99–335, §201(a)(2)(C), substituted "(j), and (k)" for "and (j)".

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–335, §201(a)(1), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (k)(2)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(b)(1), inserted "and a bankruptcy judge".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(b)(2), substituted in the table relating to bankruptcy judges the items relating to 7 percent for the period Jan. 1, 1970 to Dec. 31, 1983, and 8 percent for the period after Dec. 31, 1983, for the prior item relating to 7 percent for the period after Jan. 1, 1970.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–615 substituted "annuities, deposits authorized by subsections (c), (d), and (j) of this section and by section 8339(j)(5)(C) and the last sentence of section 8339(k)(2) of this title may also be made by a survivor" for "annuity, deposits authorized by subsections (c), (d), and (j) of this section may also be made by the survivor".

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 98–94, §1256(a)(1), inserted "and a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals" after "and 8 percent of the basic pay of a Member".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–94, §1256(a)(2), added to the table items covering a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals for service as a judge of that court.

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 98–129 substituted "October 29, 1983," for "January 1, 1950", and directed that the phrase "except where deductions, contributions, and deposits were made before October 29, 1983" be inserted after "the Pribilof Islands" which amendment was executed by inserting that phrase after "the Pribilof Islands" the second time those words appear, as the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (j)(2)(A). Pub. L. 98–94, §1257, substituted "October 1, 1983" for "October 1, 1982".

**1982**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–253, §303(a)(1), redesignated existing provisions as par. (2), inserted provision that interest accrues annually on the outstanding portion of any amount that may be deposited under subsec. (c), (d), or (j) of this section, and is compounded annually until the portion is deposited, substituted "Such interest" for "Interest under subsection (c) or (d) of this section", struck out ", to the date of deposit or commencing date of annuity, whichever is earlier" after "date refund was paid", and struck out provision that the interest was computed at the rate of four percent a year to Dec. 31, 1947, and 3 percent thereafter compounded annually, and added pars. (1) and (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(c), substituted "the preceding fiscal year" for "the preceding calendar year" and "during such fiscal year" for "during such calendar year".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(e), inserted ", except to the extent provided under section 8332(c) or section 8334(j) of this title".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(d), inserted reference to subsec. (j).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–164 added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(d), added subsec. (j).

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 97–346, §3(a), substituted "period" for "month".

Pub. L. 97–346, §3(e)(1), struck out "within 90 days after the effective date of this subsection" after "regulations as the Office shall issue", and substituted "The amount of such payments shall be based on such evidence of basic pay for military service as the employee or Member may provide, or if the Office determines sufficient evidence has not been so provided to adequately determine basic pay for military service, such payment shall be based upon estimates of such basic pay provided to the Office under paragraph (4)" for "as certified to the agency, the Secretary of the Senate, or the Clerk of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, by the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate, upon the employee's or Member's request".

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–598 inserted bankruptcy judge schedule of deposits.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 95–382 added par. (6).

**1975**—Subsec. (c), Pub. L. 94–126, §1(a), struck out last sentence requiring that deposit, with respect to a period of service referred to in section 8332(b)(6) of this title performed before Jan. 1, 1969, shall be an amount equal to 55 percent of a deposit computed in accordance with such provisions.

Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 94–126, §2(a), substituted reference to "section 8339(m) of this title" for "section 8339(n) of this title".

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–350, §3(a), inserted "a law enforcement officer, and a firefighter," after "Congressional employee,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–350, §3(b), inserted schedule for law enforcement officer for law enforcement service and firefighter for firefighter service.

**1972**—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 92–297 substituted "section 8339(n)" for "section 8339(m)".

**1969**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 91–93, §102(a)(1), designated first and second sentences of subsec. (a) as subsec. (a)(1), increasing by one-half percent the deduction from the basic pay of an employee and a Member to 7 and 8 percent, respectively, and providing for a 7½ percent deduction from basic pay of a Congressional employee.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–93, §102(a)(1), designated third and fourth sentences of subsec. (a) as subsec. (a)(2), deleting "under this section" after "Member".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–93, §102(a)(2), substituted service period Nov. 1, 1956, to Dec. 31, 1969, for prior service period after Oct. 31, 1956, for deductions of 6½ percent of basic pay of an employee, inserted provision for 7 percent deduction from basic pay of an employee for service period after Dec. 31, 1969, inserted percentage of basic pay and service period provisions for Member or employee for Congressional employee service, substituted service period Nov. 1, 1956; to Dec. 31, 1969, for prior service period after Oct. 31, 1956, for deduction of 7½ percent of basic pay of Member for Member service, inserted provision for 8 percent deduction from basic pay of Member for Member service after Dec. 31, 1969, and inserted provision for amount of deposit for period of service performed before Jan. 1, 1969.

Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 91–93, §202, added par. (5).

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–486 inserted provisions that the deposit with respect to a period of service referred to in section 8332(b)(6) of this title which was performed prior to the specified effective date shall be an amount equal to 55 percent of a deposit computed in accordance with such provisions.

"United States magistrate judge" and "magistrate judge" substituted for "United States magistrate" and "magistrate", respectively, wherever appearing in subsecs. (c) and (i)(4) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1902(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2615, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to any annuity, entitlement to which is based on a separation from service occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §805, Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3253, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 108–18, §4, Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 630, provided that: "This Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 108–18, set out as a Short Title of 2003 Amendments note under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 23, 2003], except that the amendments made by section 2(b) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to pay periods beginning on or after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–107 applicable only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after Dec. 28, 2001, see section 1132(c) of Pub. L. 107–107, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(i)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–54, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 8422 of this title, sections 4045, 4071c, and 4071e of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 2082 of Title 50, War and National Defense, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 4045 of Title 22, and section 2021 of Title 50, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 4045 of Title 22 and section 2021 of Title 50] shall take effect upon the close of calendar year 2000, and shall apply thereafter."

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(b), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 8337, 8339, 8341, 8343a, 8344, 8415, 8422, and 8468 of this title] shall be applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1997], and shall be effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following the date of enactment."

Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(f), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 662, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) October 1, 1997; or

"(B) if later, the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997].

"(2)

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, and applicable with respect to any individual entitled to an annuity on the basis of a separation from service occurring on or after Oct. 1, 1993, see sections 371(c) and 392 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as notes under section 8332 of this title and section 4951 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective on first day of first month beginning at least 30 days after Aug. 10, 1993, and applicable to all deposits required under section 8339(j)(3) or (5), 8339(k)(2), or 8418 of this title, on which no payment has been made prior to such effective date, see section 11004(c) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 8339 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 applicable to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 306(f) of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(b)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–329, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and sections 8339 and 8342 of this title] shall be effective with respect to any annuity having a commencement date later than December 1, 1990."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–659 effective Nov. 15, 1988, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who retire on or after Nov. 15, 1988, with exception for judges and magistrate judges retiring on or after July 31, 1987, see section 9 of Pub. L. 100–659, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(b)(3), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1748, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 8349 of this title] shall be effective as of January 1, 1987."

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–53 effective Oct. 1, 1987, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and United States magistrate judges in office on that date and to individuals subsequently appointed to such positions to whom this chapter otherwise applies, see section 3 of Pub. L. 100–53, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, and applicable to bankruptcy judges who retire on or after such date, see section 116(e) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. See, also, section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1256(f), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 702, provided that: "The increase in deductions from the pay of a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals [now United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces] required by section 8334(a) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), shall take effect with respect to the first pay period that begins after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 24, 1983]."

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §303(d)(1), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 794, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(j)(1), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, provided that:

"The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and sections 8339 and 8343 of this title] shall apply with respect to deposits for service performed on or after October 1, 1982, and with respect to refunds for which application is received by either the employing agency or the Office of Personnel Management on or after such date. The provisions of section 8334 and section 8339(i) of title 5, United States Code, as in effect the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 7, 1982], shall continue to apply with respect to periods of service and refunds occurring on or before September 30, 1982. Notwithstanding the preceding two sentences, the amendments made by subsection (a) shall apply in the case of any deposit for military service under section 8334(j) of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 306(d) of this Act), regardless of whether such military service was performed before or after October 1, 1982."

Amendment by section 306(d), (e) of Pub. L. 97–253 effective Oct. 1, 1982, except that any employee or Member who retired after Sept. 8, 1982, and before Oct. 1, 1985, or is entitled to an annuity under chapter 83 of this title based on a separation from service occurring during such period, or a survivor of such individual, may make a payment under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, and regulations required to be issued under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, to be issued by the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after such effective date, see section 306(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–382 effective Oct 1, 1978, and applicable to specified annuities, see section 2 of Pub. L. 95–382, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–126, §3, Nov. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 679, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section and sections 8339 and 8345 of this title] shall become effective as of January 1, 1969, except that such amendments shall not apply to a person who, on the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 12, 1975], is receiving or is entitled to receive benefits under any retirement system established by the United States or any instrumentality thereof, unless such person requests, in writing, the office which administers his retirement system to apply such amendments to him. Any additional benefits payable pursuant to such a written request shall commence on the first day of the month [December] following the date of the enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–350 effective at beginning of first applicable pay period which begins after Dec. 31, 1974, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §102(b), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 137, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) of this section [amending this section] shall become effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period beginning after December 31, 1969."

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–93 inapplicable in cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to Oct. 20, 1969, their rights and of their survivors continued as if such amendment had not been enacted, see section 207(a) of Pub. L. 91–93, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 effective Jan. 1, 1969, except that no deductions or withholding from salary which result therefrom shall commence before first day of first pay period that begins on or after Jan. 1, 1968, see section 11 of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

Pub. L. 115–352, §3(c), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5068, provided that: "All payments from the Office of Personnel Management authorized by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8422 of this title] shall be paid from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, and together with administrative expenses incurred by the Office in administering these subsections, shall be deemed to have been authorized to be paid from that Fund, which is appropriated for the payment thereof."

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(f)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–54, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 8334(a)(1) or (k)(1) of title 5, United States Code, during the period beginning on October 1, 2002, through December 31, 2002, each employing agency (other than the United States Postal Service or the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority) shall contribute—

"(1) 7.5 percent of the basic pay of an employee;

"(2) 8 percent of the basic pay of a congressional employee, a law enforcement officer, a member of the Capitol Police, a firefighter, or a nuclear materials courier; and

"(3) 8.5 percent of the basic pay of a Member of Congress, a Court of Federal Claims judge, a United States magistrate [now United States magistrate judge], a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, or a bankruptcy judge,

in lieu of the agency contributions otherwise required under section 8334(a)(1) of such title 5."

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(c)(3), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255, provided that: "Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1) or (k)(1) of section 8334 of title 5, United States Code, or section 7001(a) of Public Law 105–33 [set out as a note below], during the period beginning on the effective date provided for under subsection (n)(1) [set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 8331 of this title] and ending on September 30, 2002, the Department of Energy shall deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund on behalf of each nuclear materials courier from whose basic pay a deduction is made under such subsection (a)(1) during that period an amount equal to 9.01 percent of such basic pay, in lieu of the agency contributions otherwise required under such subsection (a)(1) during that period."

Section 7001(a)(1), (2) of Pub. L. 105–33 provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(i) 8.51 percent of the basic pay of an employee;

"(ii) 9.01 percent of the basic pay of a congressional employee, a law enforcement officer, a member of the Capitol police, or a firefighter; and

"(iii) 9.51 percent of the basic pay of a Member of Congress, a Court of Federal Claims judge, a United States magistrate [now United States magistrate judge], a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, or a bankruptcy judge;

in lieu of the agency contributions otherwise required under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code.

"(B)

"(2)

"(A) shall not be reduced as a result of the amendments made under paragraph (3) of this subsection; and

"(B) shall be computed as though such amendments had not been enacted."

Section 103(e) of Pub. L. 100–238 provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of an employee of the United States Secret Service or the United States Park Police whose pay is simultaneously subject to a deposit requirement under the District of Columbia Police and Firefighters' Retirement and Disability System and the contribution requirement under section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 3101(a)]—

"(1) any deposits under the District of Columbia Police and Firefighters' Retirement and Disability System shall be adjusted in a manner consistent with section 8334(k) of title 5, United States Code (relating to offsets in deductions from pay to reflect OASDI contributions); and

"(2) any benefits payable under the District of Columbia Police and Firefighters' Retirement and Disability System based on the service of any such employee shall be adjusted in a manner consistent with section 8349 of title 5, United States Code (relating to offsets to reflect benefits under title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.])."

[For transfer of the functions, personnel, assets, and obligations of the United States Secret Service, including the functions of the Secretary of the Treasury relating thereto, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 381, 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.]

Section 128 of Pub. L. 100–238 provided that:

"(a)

"(1) was subject to section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for any period of service after December 31, 1983, because of an election under section 208(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 (97 Stat. 1107; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note);

"(2) is not eligible to make an election under section 301(b) of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 599) [5 U.S.C. 8331 note]; and

"(3) becomes subject to section 8334(k) of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1) for the period beginning on January 1, 1984, and ending on December 31, 1986, for the amount by which—

"(A) the total amount deducted from such individual's basic pay under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for service described in subsection (a)(1) of this section, exceeds

"(B) 1.3 percent of such individual's total basic pay for such period; and

"(2) for the period beginning on January 1, 1987, and ending on the day before such individual becomes subject to section 8334(k) of title 5, United States Code, for the amount by which—

"(A) the total amount deducted from such individual's basic pay under section 8334(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, for service described in subsection (a)(1) of this section, exceeds

"(B) the total amount which would have been deducted if such individual's basic pay had instead been subject to section 8334(k) of title 5, United States Code, during such period.

"(c)

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 not applicable to persons employed prior to Jan. 1, 1969, whose employment was covered by the civil service retirement provisions of section 8331 et seq. of this title, see section 5(d) of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

1 So in original. Probably should be "United States magistrate judge,".

3 See References in Text note below.

(a) An air traffic controller shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which he becomes 56 years of age or completes the age and service requirements for an annuity under section 8336(e), whichever occurs later. The Secretary, under such regulations as he may prescribe, may exempt a controller having exceptional skills and experience as a controller from the automatic separation provisions of this subsection until that controller becomes 61 years of age. The Secretary shall notify the controller in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days before that date. Action to separate the controller is not effective, without the consent of the controller, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires. For purposes of this subsection, the term "air traffic controller" or "controller" has the meaning given to it under section 8331(29)(A).1

(b)(1) A law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(c) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that officer, firefighter, or courier, as the case may be, becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The head of the agency, when in his judgment the public interest so requires, may exempt such an employee from automatic separation under this subsection until that employee becomes 60 years of age. The employing office shall notify the employee in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days in advance thereof. Action to separate the employee is not effective, without the consent of the employee, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(2) In the case of employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting "65 years of age" for "60 years of age". The authority to grant exemptions in accordance with the preceding sentence shall cease to be available after December 31, 2011.

(c) A member of the Capitol Police who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(m) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such member becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The Capitol Police Board, when in its judgment the public interest so requires, may exempt such a member from automatic separation under this subsection until that member becomes 60 years of age. The Board shall notify the member in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days in advance thereof. Action to separate the member is not effective, without the consent of the member, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(d) A member of the Supreme Court Police who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(n) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such member becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States, when in his judgment the public interest so requires, may exempt such a member from automatic separation under this subsection until that member becomes 60 years of age. The Marshal shall notify the member in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days in advance thereof. Action to separate the member is not effective, without the consent of the member, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(f) 2 The President, by Executive order, may exempt an employee (other than a member of the Capitol Police or the Supreme Court Police) from automatic separation under this section when he determines the public interest so requires.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 571; Pub. L. 92–297, §4, May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 93–350, §4, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191; Pub. L. 96–70, title III, §3302(e)(3), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 498; Pub. L. 96–347, §1(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1150; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(b)(1)(A), (2), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §409(a)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1468; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(60), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 103–283, title III, §307(a), July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1441; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(d), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(2)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §141(a)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–235; Pub. L. 107–27, §2(a), Aug. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §640(a), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 554; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §648(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(a)(3)(A), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §112(a), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2868; Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2005(a), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3704; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(a)(3), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §444(a), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2733.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2255. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 5", 70 Stat. 748. Feb. 7, 1964, Pub. L. 88–267, §1 (less (a)–(c)), 78 Stat. 9. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

For definition of Secretary, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 2109 of this title.

Section 8331(29)(A), referred to in subsec. (a), was redesignated as section 8331(30)(A) by Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(a)(1)(A), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075.

**2010**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–259, §444(a)(2), struck out par. (2) added by section 2005(a)(2) of Pub. L. 108–458 which read as follows: "In the case of employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting '65 years of age' for '60 years of age'. The Federal Bureau of Investigation may not grant more than 50 exemptions in any fiscal year in accordance with the preceding sentence, and the authority to grant such exemptions shall cease to be available after September 30, 2007."

Pub. L. 111–259, §444(a)(1), amended par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and providing that authority to grant exemptions shall cease to be available after Dec. 31, 2009, by substituting "2011" for "2009".

**2007**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer" for "or nuclear materials courier" in first sentence.

**2004**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–447, §112(a)(1), and Pub. L. 108–458, §2005(a)(1), amended subsec. (b) identically, designating existing provisions as par. (1).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–458, §2005(a)(2), added par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, limiting number of exemptions to 50 per fiscal year, and providing that authority to grant such exemptions shall cease to be available after Sept. 30, 2007.

Pub. L. 108–447, §112(a)(2), added par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and providing that authority to grant exemptions shall cease to be available after Dec. 31, 2009.

**2003**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–176 inserted at end "For purposes of this subsection, the term 'air traffic controller' or 'controller' has the meaning given to it under section 8331(29)(A)."

Pub. L. 108–7 substituted "8336(e)" for "8336".

**2001**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–67 inserted before period at end of first sentence "or completes the age and service requirements for an annuity under section 8336, whichever occurs later".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–27 struck out first sentence which read "A firefighter who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(c) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such firefighter becomes 55 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age." and, in second sentence, inserted ", firefighter," after "law enforcement officer" and "that officer".

**2000**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–554 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "An employee of the Alaska Railroad in Alaska and an employee who is a citizen of the United States employed on the Isthmus of Panama by the Panama Canal Commission, who becomes 62 years of age and completes 15 years of service in Alaska or on the Isthmus of Panama shall be automatically separated from the service. The separation is effective on the last day of the month in which the employee becomes age 62 or completes 15 years of service in Alaska or on the Isthmus of Panama if then over that age. The employing office shall notify the employee in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days in advance thereof. Action to separate the employee is not effective, without the consent of the employee, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §141(a)(2)], redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §141(a)(2)], redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(2)(A)], added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–553 redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted "Police or the Supreme Court Police)" for "Police)".

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–261, in second sentence, inserted "or nuclear materials courier" after "law enforcement officer" and "or courier, as the case may be," after "that officer".

**1994**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–283 substituted "57" for "55" in first sentence.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "A firefighter who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(c) of this title shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which he becomes 55 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age."

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §409(a)(1)], which directed that "law enforcement officer of a" be struck out before "firefighter who is", was executed by striking out "law enforcement officer or a" as the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §409(a)(2)], inserted after first sentence "A law enforcement officer who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8336(c) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that officer becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(b)(1)(A), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(b)(2), inserted "(other than a member of the Capitol Police)" after "employee".

Pub. L. 101–428, §2(b)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–347 substituted "Secretary" for "Secretary of Transportation" in two places.

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–70, which directed substitution of "Panama Canal Commission" for "Panama Canal Company or the Canal Zone Government" in subsec. (e), was executed to subsec. (c) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and Pub. L. 95–256 which struck out subsec. (e) and restated provisions thereof in subsec. (c).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (a). Former subsec. (a), relating to mandatory separation when an employee became 70 years of age and completed 15 years of service, was struck out.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (g) as (b). Former subsec. (b), relating to notice by employing office of date of separation, was struck out.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(1), (3), added subsec. (c) relating to provisions covered by former subsec. (e). Former subsec. (c), relating to exemption of an employee from automatic separation by President, was struck out. See subsec. (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(1), (3), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d), relating to inapplicability of automatic separation provisions of this section, was struck out.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(1), struck out subsec. (e) which related to applicability of provisions to employees of Alaskan Railroad, Panama Canal Company, and Canal Zone Government. See subsec. (c).

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 95–256, §5(c)(2), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (a) and (b), respectively.

**1974**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–350 added subsec. (g).

**1972**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–297 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §648(b), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 474, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 2003."

Pub. L. 107–67, title VI, §640(b), Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 554, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] takes effect on the date of enactment [Nov. 12, 2001] with regard to any individual subject to chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, who is employed as an air traffic controller on that date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective 1 year after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by section 2(60) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Section 529 [title IV, §409(c)] of Pub. L. 101–509 provided that: "For the purposes of this section [amending this section and section 8425 of this title], the effective date shall be the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]."

Section 2(b)(1)(B) of Pub. L. 101–428 provided that: "The amendment made by subparagraph (A) [amending this section] shall take effect 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–347 effective on 90th day after Sept. 12, 1980, see section 3 of Pub. L. 96–347, set out as a note under section 2109 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–256 effective Sept. 30, 1978, see section 5(f) of Pub. L. 95–256, set out as a note under section 633a of Title 29, Labor.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–350 effective Jan. 1, 1978, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 282, provided in part: "That not later than March 1, 2004, the Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, shall issue final regulations, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 8335, establishing an exemption process allowing individual air traffic controllers to delay mandatory retirement until the employee reaches no later than 61 years of age".

Pub. L. 99–556, title V, §504, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3141, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) is an air traffic controller within the meaning of section 2109(1) of title 5, United States Code, as in effect on January 1, 1987; but

"(2) is not an air traffic controller within the meaning of section 2109(1) of title 5, United States Code, as in effect on December 31, 1986."

Section 2 of Pub. L. 96–347 provided that: "Section 8335(a) of title 5, United States Code shall not apply to an individual appointed as an air traffic controller in the Department of Defense before the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 12, 1980]."

Section 8 of Pub. L. 92–297 provided that: "Section 8335(f) of title 5, United States Code, as added by this Act, does not apply to a person appointed as an air traffic controller by the Department of Transportation before the date of enactment of this Act [May 16, 1972]."

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Probably should be "(e)".

(a) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 55 years of age and completing 30 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(b) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 60 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(c)(1) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years, is entitled to an annuity.

(2) An employee is entitled to an annuity if the employee—

(A) was a law enforcement officer or firefighter employed by the Panama Canal Company or the Canal Zone Government at any time during the period beginning March 31, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979; and

(B) is separated from the service before January 1, 2000, after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service as a law enforcement officer or firefighter, or any combination of such service totaling at least 18 years.

(3)(A) In this paragraph—

(i) the term "affected individual" means an individual covered under this subchapter who—

(I) is performing service in a covered position;

(II) while on duty, becomes ill or is injured as a direct result of the performance of such duties before the date on which the individual becomes entitled to an annuity under paragraph (1) of this subsection or subsection (e), (m), or (n), as applicable;

(III) because of the illness or injury described in subclause (II), is permanently unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee's covered position, as determined by the agency in which the individual was serving when such individual incurred the illness or injury; and

(IV) is appointed to a position in the civil service that—

(aa) is not a covered position; and

(bb) is within an agency that regularly appoints individuals to supervisory or administrative positions related to the activities of the former covered position of the individual;

(ii) the term "covered position" means a position as a law enforcement officer, customs and border protection officer, firefighter, air traffic controller, nuclear materials courier, member of the Capitol Police, or member of the Supreme Court Police.

(B) Unless an affected individual files an election described in subparagraph (E), creditable service by the affected individual in a position described in subparagraph (A)(i)(IV) shall be treated as creditable service in a covered position for purposes of this chapter and determining the amount to be deducted and withheld from the pay of the affected individual under section 8334.

(C) Subparagraph (B) shall only apply if the affected employee transitions to a position described in subparagraph (A)(i)(IV) without a break in service exceeding 3 days.

(D) The service of an affected individual shall no longer be eligible for treatment under subparagraph (B) if such service occurs after the individual—

(i) is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position related to the activities of the former covered position of the individual; or

(ii) meets the age and service requirements that would subject the individual to mandatory separation under section 8335 if such individual had remained in the former covered position.

(E) In accordance with procedures established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, an affected individual may file an election to have any creditable service performed by the affected individual treated in accordance with this chapter without regard to subparagraph (B).

(F) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to apply to such affected individual any other pay-related laws or regulations applicable to a covered position.

(d) An employee who—

(1) is separated from the service involuntarily, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency; or

(2)(A) has been employed continuously, by the agency in which the employee is serving, for at least the 31-day period ending on the date on which such agency requests the determination referred to in subparagraph (D);

(B) is serving under an appointment that is not time limited;

(C) has not been duly notified that such employee is to be involuntarily separated for misconduct or unacceptable performance;

(D) is separated from the service voluntarily during a period in which, as determined by the office 1 of Personnel Management (upon request of the agency) under regulations prescribed by the Office—

(i) such agency (or, if applicable, the component in which the employee is serving) is undergoing substantial delayering, substantial reorganization, substantial reductions in force, substantial transfer of function, or other substantial workforce restructuring (or shaping);

(ii) a significant percentage of employees servicing 2 in such agency (or component) are likely to be separated or subject to an immediate reduction in the rate of basic pay (without regard to subchapter VI of chapter 53, or comparable provisions); or

(iii) identified as being in positions which are becoming surplus or excess to the agency's future ability to carry out its mission effectively; and

(E) as determined by the agency under regulations prescribed by the Office, is within the scope of the offer of voluntary early retirement, which may be made on the basis of—

(i) 1 or more organizational units;

(ii) 1 or more occupational series or levels;

(iii) 1 or more geographical locations;

(iv) specific periods;

(v) skills, knowledge, or other factors related to a position; or

(vi) any appropriate combination of such factors;

after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity. For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, separation for failure to accept a directed reassignment to a position outside the commuting area of the employee concerned or to accompany a position outside of such area pursuant to a transfer of function shall not be considered to be a removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency. Notwithstanding the first sentence of this subsection, an employee described in paragraph (1) of this subsection is not entitled to an annuity under this subsection if the employee has declined a reasonable offer of another position in the employee's agency for which the employee is qualified, which is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level), and which is within the employee's commuting area.

(e) An employee who is voluntarily or involuntarily separated from the service, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency, after completing 25 years of service as an air traffic controller or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as an air traffic controller, is entitled to an annuity.

(f) An employee who is separated from the service after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(g) A Member who is separated from the service after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of civilian service or after becoming 60 years of age and completing 10 years of Member service is entitled to an annuity. A Member who is separated from the service after becoming 55 years of age (but before becoming 60 years of age) and completing 30 years of service is entitled to a reduced annuity. A Member who is separated from the service, except by resignation or expulsion, after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and (1) completing 20 years of service or (2) serving in 9 Congresses is entitled to an annuity.

(h)(1) A member of the Senior Executive Service who is removed from the Senior Executive Service for less than fully successful executive performance (as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title) after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(2) A member of the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service or the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service who is removed from such service for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for less than fully successful executive performance after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(3) A member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service who is removed from such service for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for less than fully successful executive performance after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(i)(1) An employee of the Panama Canal Commission or of an Executive agency conducting operations in the Canal Zone or Republic of Panama who is separated from the service before January 1, 2000, who was employed by the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company at any time during the period beginning March 31, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979, and who has had continuous Panama Canal service, without a break in service of more than 3 days, from that time until separation, is entitled to an annuity if the employee is separated—

(A) involuntarily, after completing 20 years of service or after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service, if the separation is a result of the implementation of any provision of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements; or

(B) voluntarily, after completing 23 years of service or after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service.

(2) An employee of the Panama Canal Commission or of an Executive agency conducting operations in the Canal Zone or Republic of Panama who is separated from the service before January 1, 2000, who was employed, at a permanent duty station in the Canal Zone, by any Executive agency other than the Canal Zone Government or the Panama Canal Company at any time during the period beginning March 31, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979, and who has had continuous Panama Canal service, without a break in service of more than 3 days, from that time until separation, is entitled to an annuity if—

(A) the employee is separated involuntarily, after completing 20 years of service or after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service; and

(B) the separation is the result of the implementation of any provision of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements.

(3) An employee of the Panama Canal Commission employed by that body after September 30, 1979, who is separated from the Panama Canal Commission before January 1, 2000, and who at the time of separation has a minimum of 11 years of continuous employment with the Commission (disregarding any break in service of 3 days or less) is entitled to an annuity if the employee is separated—

(A) involuntarily, after completing 20 years of service or after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service, if the separation is a result of the implementation of any provision of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and related agreements; or

(B) voluntarily, after completing 23 years of service or after becoming 48 years of age and completing 18 years of service.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) "Panama Canal service" means—

(i) service as an employee of the Canal Zone Government, the Panama Canal Company, or the Panama Canal Commission; or

(ii) service at a permanent duty station in the Canal Zone or Republic of Panama as an employee of an Executive agency conducting operations in the Canal Zone or the Republic of Panama; and

(B) "Executive agency" includes the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone and the Smithsonian Institution.

(j)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), an employee is entitled to an annuity if he—

(A)(i) is separated from the service after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, or

(ii) is involuntarily separated, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency, during the 2-year period before the date on which he would meet the years of service and age requirements under clause (i),

(B) was employed in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Indian Health Service, a tribal organization (to the extent provided in paragraph (2)), or any combination thereof, continuously from December 21, 1972, to the date of his separation, and

(C) is not entitled to preference under the Indian preference laws.

(2) Employment in a tribal organization may be considered for purposes of paragraph (1)(B) of this subsection only if—

(A) the employee was employed by the tribal organization after January 4, 1975, and immediately before such employment he was an employee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs or the Indian Health Service, and

(B) at the time of such employment such employee and the tribal organization were eligible to elect, and elected, to have the employee retain the coverage, rights, and benefits of this chapter under section 105(e)(2) of the Indian Self-Determination Act (25 U.S.C. 450i(a)(2); 3 88 Stat. 2209).

(3)(A) The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not apply with respect to any separation of any employee which occurs after the date 10 years after—

(i) the date the employee first meets the years of service and age requirements of paragraph (1)(A)(i), or

(ii) the date of the enactment of this paragraph, if the employee met those requirements before that date.

(B) For purposes of applying this paragraph with respect to any employee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the Department of the Interior or of the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Secretary of the department involved may postpone the date otherwise applicable under subparagraph (A) if—

(i) such employee consents to such postponement, and

(ii) the Secretary finds that such postponement is necessary for the continued effective operation of the agency.

The period of any postponement under this subparagraph shall not exceed 12 months and the total period of all postponements with respect to any employee shall not exceed 5 years.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) "Bureau of Indian Affairs" means (i) the Bureau of Indian Affairs and (ii) all other organizational units in the Department of the Interior directly and primarily related to providing services to Indians and in which positions are filled in accordance with the Indian preference laws.

(B) "Indian preference laws" means section 12 of the Act of June 18, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 472; 48 Stat. 986),3 or any other provision of law granting a preference to Indians in promotions or other Federal personnel actions.

(k) A bankruptcy judge, United States magistrate judge, or Court of Federal Claims judge who is separated from service, except by removal, after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of civilian service, or after becoming 60 years of age and completing 10 years of service as a bankruptcy judge, United States magistrate judge, or Court of Federal Claims judge, is entitled to an annuity.

(l) A judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces who is separated from the service after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of civilian service or after completing the term of service for which he was appointed as a judge of such court is entitled to an annuity. A judge who is separated from the service before becoming 60 years of age is entitled to a reduced annuity.

(m) A member of the Capitol Police who is separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a member of the Capitol Police as a law enforcement officer, or as a customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years, is entitled to an annuity.

(n) A member of the Supreme Court Police who is separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a member of the Supreme Court Police as a law enforcement officer, or as a customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years, is entitled to an annuity.

(o) An annuity or reduced annuity authorized by this section is computed under section 8339 of this title.

(p)(1) The Secretary of Defense may, during fiscal years 2002 and 2003, carry out a program under which an employee of the Department of Defense may be separated from the service entitled to an immediate annuity under this subchapter if the employee—

(A) has—

(i) completed 25 years of service; or

(ii) become 50 years of age and completed 20 years of service; and

(B) is eligible for the annuity under paragraph (2) or (3).

(2)(A) For the purposes of paragraph (1), an employee referred to in that paragraph is eligible for an immediate annuity under this paragraph if the employee—

(i) is separated from the service involuntarily other than for cause; and

(ii) has not declined a reasonable offer of another position in the Department of Defense for which the employee is qualified, which is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level), and which is within the employee's commuting area.

(B) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(A)(i), a separation for failure to accept a directed reassignment to a position outside the commuting area of the employee concerned or to accompany a position outside of such area pursuant to a transfer of function may not be considered to be a removal for cause.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), an employee referred to in that paragraph is eligible for an immediate annuity under this paragraph if the employee satisfies all of the following conditions:

(A) The employee is separated from the service voluntarily during a period in which the organization within the Department of Defense in which the employee is serving is undergoing a major organizational adjustment.

(B) The employee has been employed continuously by the Department of Defense for more than 30 days before the date on which the head of the employee's organization requests the determinations required under subparagraph (A).

(C) The employee is serving under an appointment that is not limited by time.

(D) The employee is not in receipt of a decision notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance.

(E) The employee is within the scope of an offer of voluntary early retirement, as defined on the basis of one or more of the following objective criteria:

(i) One or more organizational units.

(ii) One or more occupational groups, series, or levels.

(iii) One or more geographical locations.

(iv) Any other similar objective and nonpersonal criteria that the Office of Personnel Management determines appropriate.

(4) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the determinations of whether an employee meets—

(A) the requirements of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) shall be made by the Office, upon the request of the Secretary of Defense; and

(B) the requirements of subparagraph (E) of such paragraph shall be made by the Secretary of Defense.

(5) A determination of which employees are within the scope of an offer of early retirement shall be made only on the basis of consistent and well-documented application of the relevant criteria.

(6) In this subsection, the term "major organizational adjustment" means any of the following:

(A) A major reorganization.

(B) A major reduction in force.

(C) A major transfer of function.

(D) A workforce restructuring—

(i) to meet mission needs;

(ii) to achieve one or more reductions in strength;

(iii) to correct skill imbalances; or

(iv) to reduce the number of high-grade, managerial, supervisory, or similar positions.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 571; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(75), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 92–297, §5, May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 92–382, Aug. 14, 1972, 86 Stat. 539; Pub. L. 93–39, June 12, 1973, 87 Stat. 73; Pub. L. 93–350, §5, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(40), (41), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 95–454, title III, §306, title IV, §412(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147, 1175; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1241(a), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 471; Pub. L. 96–135, §1(a), Dec. 5, 1979, 93 Stat. 1056; Pub. L. 97–89, title VIII, §803, Dec. 4, 1981, 95 Stat. 1161; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §308(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1256(b), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 701; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §116(c), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 344; Pub. L. 98–531, §2(b), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704; Pub. L. 98–615, title III, §304(d), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3219; Pub. L. 99–190, §101(d) [title III, §315], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1224, 1266; Pub. L. 100–53, §2(c), June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 368; Pub. L. 100–325, §2(l), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(7), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(a), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 101–510, div. C, title XXXV, §3506(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1846; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§306(c)(3), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, 5117; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1109(a), div. C, title XXXI, §3154(e), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2143, 2255; Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–320; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(3)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(i)(5), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1229; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §§1313(b)(1), 1321(a)(4)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2294, 2297; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(a)(4), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2075; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(a), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2293.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note below.

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2256 (less last sentence in (f)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 6 (less last sentence in (f))", 70 Stat. 749. | |

July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, §1(b), 74 Stat. 358. | ||

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–622, §3(b), 74 Stat. 410. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definition applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8336(a) 8336(b) |
5 App.: 2256(a). 5 App.: 2256(b). |
July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §504, 80 Stat. 301. |


In subsections (a) and (b), the words "is entitled to" are substituted for "shall * * * be paid". The words "computed as provided in section 9" are omitted as unnecessary in view of 5 U.S.C. 8339.

Section 105(e)(2) of the Indian Self-Determination Act (25 U.S.C. 450i(a)(2); 88 Stat. 2209), referred to in subsec. (j)(2)(B), was renumbered section 104(e)(2) of that Act by Pub. L. 100–472, title II, §203(a), Oct. 5, 1988, 102 Stat. 2290, without corresponding amendment to this section. Section 104(e)(2) of the Indian Self-Determination Act was formerly classified to section 450i(e)(2) of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as section 5323(e)(2) of Title 25.

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (j)(3)(A)(ii), is Dec. 5, 1979, the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 96–135, which was approved Dec. 5, 1979.

Section 12 of the Act of June 18, 1934 (25 U.S.C. 472; 48 Stat. 986), referred to in subsec. (j)(4)(B), is section 12 of act June 18, 1934, ch. 576, 48 Stat. 986, which was classified to section 472 of Title 25, Indians, prior to editorial reclassification as section 5116 of Title 25.

**2022**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 117–225 added par. (3).

**2007**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–161, §535(a)(4)(A), substituted "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer" for "or nuclear materials courier".

Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 110–161, §535(a)(4)(B), substituted "as a law enforcement officer, or as a customs and border protection officer," for "or as a law enforcement officer,".

**2002**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 107–296, §1313(b)(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "except in the case of an employee who is separated from the service under a program carried out under subsection (p), while serving in a geographic area designated by the Office of Personnel Management, is separated from the service voluntarily during a period in which the Office determines that—

"(A) the agency in which the employee is serving is undergoing a major reorganization, a major reduction in force, or a major transfer of function; and

"(B) a significant percent of the employees serving in such agency will be separated or subject to an immediate reduction in the rate of basic pay (without regard to subchapter VI of chapter 53 of this title or comparable provisions);".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(4)(A), struck out "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a or" before "for less than".

**2001**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 107–107, §1048(i)(5)(A), substituted "subsection (p)" for "subsection (o)" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (o), (p). Pub. L. 107–107, §1048(i)(5)(B), redesignated subsec. (o), relating to Department of Defense employees, as (p).

**2000**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(a)(1)], inserted "except in the case of an employee who is separated from the service under a program carried out under subsection (o)," before "while serving" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 106–553 added subsec. (n). Former subsec. (n), relating to computation of annuity under section 8339 of this title, redesignated (o).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 106–553 redesignated subsec. (n), relating to computation of annuity under section 8339 of this title, as (o).

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(a)(2)], added subsec. (o) relating to Department of Defense employees.

**1999**—Subsecs. (d)(2), (o). Pub. L. 106–58 repealed Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(a). See 1998 Amendment notes below.

**1998**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–261, §3154(e), substituted ", firefighter, or nuclear materials courier" for "or firefighter".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(a)(1), which directed insertion of "except in the case of an employee described in subsection (o)(1)," after "(2)", was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(a)(2), which directed addition of subsec. (o), relating to authority of Department of Defense to offer employees voluntary early retirement, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

**1994**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

**1992**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" in two places.

**1990**—Subsec. (i)(3), (4). Pub. L. 101–510 added par. (3) and redesignated former par. (3) as (4).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 101–650 amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: "A bankruptcy judge or United States magistrate who is separated from service, except by removal, after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of civilian service, or after becoming 60 years of age and completing 10 years of service as a bankruptcy judge or United States magistrate, is entitled to an annuity."

Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 101–428 added subsec. (m) and redesignated former subsec. (m) as (n).

**1989**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(7)(A), substituted "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a or for" for "for".

Subsec. (h)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(7)(B), (C), substituted "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for" for "for".

**1988**—Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 100–325 added par. (3).

**1987**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–53 amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows: "A bankruptcy judge who is separated from service, except by removal, after becoming sixty-two years of age and completing ten years of service as a bankruptcy judge is entitled to an annuity."

**1985**—Subsec. (j)(3)(A). Pub. L. 99–190 substituted "10 years" for "5 years".

**1984**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted provision that for purposes of par. (1), separation for failure to accept a directed reassignment to a position outside the commuting area of the employee concerned or to accompany a position outside of such area pursuant to a transfer of function shall not be considered to be a removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(c), added subsec. (k). Former subsec. (k) redesignated (l).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 98–531 redesignated the subsec. (l), which was redesignated by Pub. L. 98–94, as (m).

Pub. L. 98–353, §116(c)(1), redesignated subsec. (k) as (l).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 98–531 redesignated the subsec. (l), which was redesignated by Pub. L. 98–94, as (m).

**1983**—Subsecs. (k), (l). Pub. L. 98–94 added subsec. (k) and redesignated former subsec. (k) as (l).

**1982**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–253, §308(a), inserted provision that the agency which is undergoing a major reorganization, a major reduction in force, or a major transfer of function must have a significant percent of its employees who will be separated or subject to an immediate reduction in the rate of basic pay and inserted provision that notwithstanding the first sentence of this subsection, an employee described in paragraph (1) of this subsection is not entitled to an annuity under this subsection if the employee has declined a reasonable offer of another position in the employee's agency for which the employee is qualified, which is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level), and which is within the employee's commuting area.

**1981**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–89 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–70 §1241(a)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–70, §1241(a)(2), added subsec. (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 96–135 added subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Pub. L. 96–70, §1241(a)(2), redesignated former subsec. (i) as (j).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 96–135 redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k).

**1978**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 95–454, §306, substituted provisions relating to the employee's agency undergoing a major reorganization, reduction in force, or transfer of function, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management, for provisions relating to the employee's agency undergoing a major reduction in force, as determined by the Commission.

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 95–454, §412(a), added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).

**1975**—Subsecs. (d), (g). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "an" for "a reduced" after "is entitled to".

**1974**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–350 substituted provisions granting annuity entitlement to employees separated from the service after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a law enforcement officer or firefighter or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years for provisions requiring the head of the employing agency to recommend, and the Civil Service Commission to approve, the retirement of an otherwise eligible employee requiring the agency and the Commission to consider the degree of hazard the employee was subjected to in the performance of his duties, and defining "detention" to include the duties of specified employees.

**1973**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–39 reenacted existing provisions, designated part of such provisions as item (1) and added item (2).

**1972**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–382 inserted reference to employees performing work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires or the maintenance and use of firefighting apparatus and equipment for the purpose of retirement benefits.

Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 92–297 added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) to (g) as (f) to (h), respectively.

"United States magistrate judge" substituted for "United States magistrate" wherever appearing in subsec. (k) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Secretary and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare redesignated Secretary and Department of Health and Human Services by section 3508 of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 117–225, §3(f), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2298, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section, sections 8412, 8414, 8415, 8421, 8421a, 8425, and 8462 of this title, sections 4045, 4046, and 4052 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 2152 of Title 50, War and National Defense]—

"(1) shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 9, 2022]; and

"(2) shall apply to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in section 8336(c)(3)(A)(i)(II) or section 8412(d)(2)(A)(i)(II) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this section, section 302(d)(1)(A)(ii) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act [50 U.S.C. 2152(d)(1)(A)(ii)], as amended by this section, or section 806(a)(6)(D)(i)(I)(bb) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4046(a)(6)(D)(i)(I)(bb)], as amended by this section, on or after the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1109(d), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2145, as amended by Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1101, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 775, which provided that the amendments made by section 1109 of Pub. L. 105–261 (amending this section and sections 8339, 8414, and 8464 of this title) were to be effective Oct. 1, 2000, and applicable with respect to an approval for voluntary early retirement made on or after that date, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480.

Amendment by section 3154(e) of Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 applicable to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 306(f) of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–53 effective Oct. 1, 1987, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and United States magistrate judges in office on that date and to individuals subsequently appointed to such positions to whom this chapter otherwise applies, see section 3 of Pub. L. 100–53, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective Nov. 8, 1984, see section 307 of Pub. L. 98–615, set out as a note under section 3393 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–531 effective Mar. 31, 1984, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 98–531, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, and applicable to bankruptcy judges who retire on or after such date, see section 116(e) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. See, also, section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section 308(b) of Pub. L. 97–253 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1982."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–89 effective Oct. 1, 1981, see section 806 of Pub. L. 97–89, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1621 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Section 1(d) of Pub. L. 96–135 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8339 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1979]."

Section 1241(b)(1) of Pub. L. 96–70 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 1979], but no amount of annuity under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, accruing by reason of those amendments shall be payable for any period before October 1, 1979."

Amendment by section 306 of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by section 412 of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–350 effective July 12, 1974, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–225, §3(e), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2298, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(A) was incurred in the course of the employee's or special agent's duties; and

"(B) permanently precludes the employee or special agent from rendering useful and efficient service in the covered position but would not preclude the employee or special agent from continuing to serve in the Federal service.

"(5)

"(6)

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(b)(5), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296, provided that: "The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection [amending this section and section 8414 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8414 of this title]."

For termination of the United States District Court for the District of the Canal Zone at end of the "transition period", being the 30-month period beginning Oct. 1, 1979, and ending midnight Mar. 31, 1982, see Paragraph 5 of Article XI of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 and sections 2101 and 2201 to 2203(a) of Pub. L. 96–70, title II, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 493, formerly classified to sections 3831 and 3841 to 3843, respectively, of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 117–225, §2, Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2293, provided that: "It is the sense of Congress that—

"(1) it is in the best national and homeland security interests of the United States for Federal agencies to retain the specialized knowledge and experience of individuals who suffer an injury or illness while serving in a covered position (as defined under the amendments made by this Act [see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out above]); and

"(2) Federal agencies should ensure, to the greatest extent possible, that an individual who can no longer carry out the duties of a covered position, and is reappointed to a position in the civil service that is not a covered position, is reappointed within the same Federal agency, in the same geographic location, and at a level of pay commensurate to the position which the individual held immediately prior to such injury or illness."

Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(b)(3), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section and section 8414 of this title and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section and section 8414 of this title] shall not be construed to affect the authority under section 1 of Public Law 106–303 (5 U.S.C. 8336 note; 114 State. 1063)."

Pub. L. 106–303, §1, Oct. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 1063, as amended by Pub. L. 108–271, §§2(a), (b)(1), 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 811, 814, provided that:

"(a)

" '(2)(A) has been employed continuously by the Government Accountability Office for at least the 31-day period immediately preceding the start of the period referred to in subparagraph (D);

" '(B) is serving under an appointment that is not time limited;

" '(C) has not received a notice of involuntary separation, for misconduct or unacceptable performance, with respect to which final action remains pending; and

" '(D) is separated from the service voluntarily during a period with respect to which the Comptroller General determines that the application of this subsection is necessary and appropriate for the purpose of—

" '(i) realigning the Government Accountability Office's workforce in order to meet budgetary constraints or mission needs;

" '(ii) correcting skill imbalances; or

" '(iii) reducing high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions;'.

"(b)

" '(B)(i) has been employed continuously by the Government Accountability Office for at least the 31-day period immediately preceding the start of the period referred to in clause (iv);

" '(ii) is serving under an appointment that is not time limited;

" '(iii) has not received a notice of involuntary separation, for misconduct or unacceptable performance, with respect to which final action remains pending; and

" '(iv) is separated from the service voluntarily during a period with respect to which the Comptroller General determines that the application of this subsection is necessary and appropriate for the purpose of—

" '(I) realigning the Government Accountability Office's workforce in order to meet budgetary constraints or mission needs;

" '(II) correcting skill imbalances; or

" '(III) reducing high-grade, managerial, or supervisory positions;'.

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) geographic area, organizational unit, or occupational series or level;

"(2) skills, knowledge, or performance; or

"(3) such other similar factors (or combination of factors described in this or any other paragraph of this subsection) as the Comptroller General considers necessary and appropriate in order to achieve the purpose involved.

"(e)

Pub. L. 105–174, title III, §7001(a), May 1, 1998, 112 Stat. 91, as amended by Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480, which provided that, effective May 1, 1998, subsec. (d)(2) of this section was to be applied as if it read as specified in Pub. L. 105–174, §7001(a), was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(b)(4), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296.

Nonapplicability of annuity provisions of subsec. (j) of this section to individuals accepting waiver of Indian preference laws with respect to personnel actions, see section 5117(c)(2) of Title 25, Indians.

Section 1241(b)(2) of Pub. L. 96–70 provided that: "Effective October 1, 1979, any individual who, but for paragraph (1) of this subsection [set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note above], would have been entitled to one or more annuity payments pursuant to the amendments made by this section [amending this section] for periods before October 1, 1979, shall be entitled, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, to a lump sum payment equal to the total amount of all such annuity payments."

1 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.

2 So in original. Probably should be "serving".

3 See References in Text note below.

(a) For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "composite retirement annuity" means the annuity computed when a phased retiree attains full retirement status;

(2) the term "full retirement status" means that a phased retiree has ceased employment and is entitled, upon application, to a composite retirement annuity;

(3) the term "phased employment" means the less-than-full-time employment of a phased retiree;

(4) the term "phased retiree" means a retirement-eligible employee who—

(A) makes an election under subsection (b); and

(B) has not entered full retirement status;

(5) the term "phased retirement annuity" means the annuity payable under this section before full retirement;

(6) the term "phased retirement percentage" means the percentage which, when added to the working percentage for a phased retiree, produces a sum of 100 percent;

(7) the term "phased retirement period" means the period beginning on the date on which an individual becomes entitled to receive a phased retirement annuity and ending on the date on which the individual dies or separates from phased employment;

(8) the term "phased retirement status" means that a phased retiree is concurrently employed in phased employment and eligible to receive a phased retirement annuity;

(9) the term "retirement-eligible employee"—

(A) means an individual who, if the individual separated from the service, would meet the requirements for retirement under subsection (a) or (b) of section 8336; but

(B) does not include an employee described in section 8335 after the date on which the employee is required to be separated from the service by reason of such section; and

(10) the term "working percentage" means the percentage of full-time employment equal to the quotient obtained by dividing—

(A) the number of hours per pay period to be worked by a phased retiree, as scheduled in accordance with subsection (b)(2); by

(B) the number of hours per pay period to be worked by an employee serving in a comparable position on a full-time basis.

(b)(1) With the concurrence of the head of the employing agency, and under regulations promulgated by the Director, a retirement-eligible employee who has been employed on a full-time basis for not less than the 3-year period ending on the date on which the retirement-eligible employee makes an election under this subsection may elect to enter phased retirement status.

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), at the time of entering phased retirement status, a phased retiree shall be appointed to a position for which the working percentage is 50 percent.

(B) The Director may, by regulation, provide for working percentages different from the percentage specified under subparagraph (A), which shall be not less than 20 percent and not more than 80 percent.

(C) The working percentage for a phased retiree may not be changed during the phased retiree's phased retirement period.

(D)(i) Not less than 20 percent of the hours to be worked by a phased retiree shall consist of mentoring.

(ii) The Director may, by regulation, provide for exceptions to the requirement under clause (i).

(iii) Clause (i) shall not apply to a phased retiree serving in the United States Postal Service. Nothing in this clause shall prevent the application of clause (i) or (ii) with respect to a phased retiree serving in the Postal Regulatory Commission.

(3) A phased retiree—

(A) may not be employed in more than one position at any time; and

(B) may transfer to another position in the same or a different agency, only if the transfer does not result in a change in the working percentage.

(4) A retirement-eligible employee may make not more than one election under this subsection during the retirement-eligible employee's lifetime.

(5) A retirement-eligible employee who makes an election under this subsection may not make an election under section 8343a.

(c)(1) Except as otherwise provided under this subsection, the phased retirement annuity for a phased retiree is the product obtained by multiplying—

(A) the amount of an annuity computed under section 8339 that would have been payable to the phased retiree if, on the date on which the phased retiree enters phased retirement status, the phased retiree had separated from service and retired under section 8336(a) or (b); by

(B) the phased retirement percentage for the phased retiree.

(2) A phased retirement annuity shall be paid in addition to the basic pay for the position to which a phased retiree is appointed during phased employment.

(3) A phased retirement annuity shall be adjusted in accordance with section 8340.

(4)(A) A phased retirement annuity shall not be subject to reduction for any form of survivor annuity, shall not serve as the basis of the computation of any survivor annuity, and shall not be subject to any court order requiring a survivor annuity to be provided to any individual.

(B) A phased retirement annuity shall be subject to a court order providing for division, allotment, assignment, execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process on the same basis as other annuities.

(5) Any reduction of a phased retirement annuity based on an election under section 8334(d)(2) shall be applied to the phased retirement annuity after computation under paragraph (1).

(6)(A) Any deposit, or election of an actuarial annuity reduction in lieu of a deposit, for military service or for creditable civilian service for which retirement deductions were not made or refunded shall be made by a retirement-eligible employee at or before the time the retirement-eligible employee enters phased retirement status. No such deposit may be made, or actuarial adjustment in lieu thereof elected, at the time a phased retiree enters full retirement status.

(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if a phased retiree does not make such a deposit and dies in service as a phased retiree, a survivor of the phased retiree shall have the same right to make such deposit as would have been available had the employee not entered phased retirement status and died in service.

(C) If a phased retiree makes an election for an actuarial annuity reduction under section 8334(d)(2) and dies in service as a phased retiree, the amount of any deposit upon which such actuarial reduction shall have been based shall be deemed to have been fully paid.

(7) A phased retirement annuity shall commence on the date on which a phased retiree enters phased employment.

(8) No unused sick leave credit may be used in the computation of the phased retirement annuity.

(d) All basic pay not in excess of the full-time rate of pay for the position to which a phased retiree is appointed shall be deemed to be basic pay for purposes of section 8334.

(e) Under such procedures as the Director may prescribe, a phased retiree may elect to enter full retirement status at any time. Upon making such an election, a phased retiree shall be entitled to a composite retirement annuity.

(f)(1) Except as provided otherwise under this subsection, a composite retirement annuity is a single annuity computed under regulations prescribed by the Director, equal to the sum of—

(A) the amount of the phased retirement annuity as of the date of full retirement, before any reduction based on an election under section 8334(d)(2), and including any adjustments made under section 8340; and

(B) the product obtained by multiplying—

(i) the amount of an annuity computed under section 8339 that would have been payable at the time of full retirement if the individual had not elected a phased retirement and as if the individual was employed on a full-time basis in the position occupied during the phased retirement period and before any reduction for survivor annuity or reduction based on an election under section 8334(d)(2); by

(ii) the working percentage.

(2) After computing a composite retirement annuity under paragraph (1), the Director shall adjust the amount of the annuity for any applicable reductions for a survivor annuity and any previously elected actuarial reduction under section 8334(d)(2).

(3) A composite retirement annuity shall be adjusted in accordance with section 8340, except that subsection (c)(1) of that section shall not apply.

(4) In computing a composite retirement annuity under paragraph (1)(B)(i), the unused sick leave to the credit of a phased retiree at the time of entry into full retirement status shall be adjusted by dividing the number of hours of unused sick leave by the working percentage.

(g)(1) Under such procedures and conditions as the Director may provide, and with the concurrence of the head of the employing agency, a phased retiree may elect to terminate phased retirement status and return to a full-time work schedule.

(2) Upon entering a full-time work schedule based upon an election under paragraph (1), the phased retirement annuity of a phased retiree shall terminate.

(3) After the termination of a phased retirement annuity under this subsection, the individual's rights under this subchapter shall be determined based on the law in effect at the time of any subsequent separation from service. For purposes of this subchapter or chapter 84, at time of the subsequent separation from service, the phased retirement period shall be treated as if it had been a period of part-time employment with the work schedule described in subsection (b)(2).

(h) For purposes of section 8341—

(1) the death of a phased retiree shall be deemed to be the death in service of an employee; and

(2) the phased retirement period shall be deemed to have been a period of part-time employment with the work schedule described in subsection (b)(2).

(i) Employment of a phased retiree shall not be deemed to be part-time career employment, as defined in section 3401(2).

(j) A phased retiree is not eligible to apply for an annuity under section 8337.

(k) For purposes of section 8341(h)(4), retirement shall be deemed to occur on the date on which a phased retiree enters into full retirement status.

(l) For purposes of sections 8343 and 8351, and subchapter III of chapter 84, a phased retiree shall be deemed to be an employee.

(m) A phased retiree is not subject to section 8344.

(n) For purposes of chapter 87, a phased retiree shall be deemed to be receiving basic pay at the rate of a full-time employee in the position to which the phased retiree is appointed.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(a)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 907.)

Section effective on Nov. 6, 2014, see section 100121(d) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective Date of 2012 Amendment note under section 8331 of this title.

(a) An employee who completes 5 years of civilian service and has become disabled shall be retired on the employee's own application or on application by the employee's agency. Any employee shall be considered to be disabled only if the employee is found by the Office of Personnel Management to be unable, because of disease or injury, to render useful and efficient service in the employee's position and is not qualified for reassignment, under procedures prescribed by the Office, to a vacant position which is in the agency at the same grade or level and in which the employee would be able to render useful and efficient service. For the purpose of the preceding sentence, an employee of the United States Postal Service shall be considered not qualified for a reassignment described in that sentence if the reassignment is to a position in a different craft or is inconsistent with the terms of a collective bargaining agreement covering the employee. A judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces who completes 5 years of civilian service and who is found by the Office to be disabled for useful and efficient service as a judge of such court or who is removed for mental or physical disability under section 942(c) of title 10 shall be retired on the judge's own application or upon such removal. A Member who completes 5 years of Member service and is found by the Office to be disabled for useful and efficient service as a Member because of disease or injury shall be retired on the Member's own application. An annuity authorized by this section is computed under section 8339(g) of this title, unless the employee or Member is eligible for a higher annuity computed under section 8339(a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), or (s).

(b) A claim may be allowed under this section only if the application is filed with the Office before the employee or Member is separated from the service or within 1 year thereafter. This time limitation may be waived by the Office for an employee or Member who at the date of separation from service or within 1 year thereafter is mentally incompetent, if the application is filed with the Office within 1 year from the date of restoration of the employee or Member to competency or the appointment of a fiduciary, whichever is earlier.

(c) An annuitant receiving disability retirement annuity from the Fund shall be examined under the direction of the Office—

(1) at the end of 1 year from the date of the disability retirement; and

(2) annually thereafter until he becomes 60 years of age;

unless his disability is permanent in character. If the annuitant fails to submit to examination as required by this section, payment of the annuity shall be suspended until continuance of the disability is satisfactorily established.

(d) If an annuitant receiving disability retirement annuity from the Fund, before becoming 60 years of age, recovers from his disability, payment of the annuity terminates on reemployment by the Government or 1 year after the date of the medical examination showing the recovery, whichever is earlier. If an annuitant receiving disability retirement annuity from the Fund, before becoming 60 years of age, is restored to an earning capacity fairly comparable to the current rate of pay of the position occupied at the time of retirement, payment of the annuity terminates on reemployment by the Government or 180 days after the end of the calendar year in which earning capacity is so restored, whichever is earlier. Earning capacity is deemed restored if in any calendar year the income of the annuitant from wages or self-employment or both equals at least 80 percent of the current rate of pay of the position occupied immediately before retirement.

(e) If an annuitant whose annuity is terminated under subsection (d) of this section is not reemployed in a position in which he is subject to this subchapter, he is deemed, except for service credit, to have been involuntarily separated from the service for the purpose of this subchapter as of the date of termination of the disability annuity, and after that termination is entitled to annuity under the applicable provisions of this subchapter. If an annuitant whose annuity is heretofore or hereafter terminated because of an earning capacity provision of this subchapter or an earlier statute—

(1) is not reemployed in a position in which he is subject to this subchapter; and

(2) has not recovered from the disability for which he was retired;

his annuity shall be restored at the same rate effective the first of the year following any calendar year in which his income from wages or self-employment or both is less than 80 percent of the current rate of pay of the position occupied immediately before retirement. If an annuitant whose annuity is heretofore or hereafter terminated because of a medical finding that he has recovered from disability is not reemployed in a position in which he is subject to this subchapter, his annuity shall be restored at the same rate effective from the date of medical examination showing a recurrence of the disability. The second and third sentences of this subsection do not apply to an individual who has become 62 years of age and is receiving or is eligible to receive annuity under the first sentence of this subsection.

(f)(1) An individual is not entitled to receive—

(A) an annuity under this subchapter, and

(B) compensation for injury to, or disability of, such individual under subchapter I of chapter 81, other than compensation payable under section 8107,

covering the same period of time.

(2) An individual is not entitled to receive an annuity under this subchapter and a concurrent benefit under subchapter I of chapter 81 on account of the death of the same person.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not bar the right of a claimant to the greater benefit conferred by either this subchapter or subchapter I of chapter 81.

(g) If an individual is entitled to an annuity under this subchapter, and the individual receives a lump-sum payment for compensation under section 8135 based on the disability or death of the same person, so much of the compensation as has been paid for a period extended beyond the date payment of the annuity commences, as determined by the Department of Labor, shall be refunded to that Department for credit to the Employees' Compensation Fund. Before the individual may receive the annuity, the individual shall—

(1) refund to the Department of Labor the amount representing the commuted compensation payments for the extended period; or

(2) authorize the deduction of the amount from the annuity.

Deductions from the annuity may be made from accrued or accruing payments. The amounts deducted and withheld from the annuity shall be transmitted to the Department of Labor for reimbursement to the Employees' Compensation Fund. When the Department of Labor finds that the financial circumstances of an individual entitled to an annuity under this subchapter warrant deferred refunding, deductions from the annuity may be prorated against and paid from accruing payments in such manner as the Department determines appropriate.

(h)(1) As used in this subsection, the term "technician" means an individual employed under section 709(a) of title 32 or section 10216 of title 10 who, as a condition of the employment, is required under section 709(b) of title 32 or section 10216 of title 10, respectively, to be a member of the Selected Reserve.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, an individual shall be retired under this section if the individual—

(i) is separated from employment as a technician under section 709(e)(1) of title 32 or section 10216 of title 10 by reason of a disability that disqualifies the individual from membership in the Selected Reserve;

(ii) is not considered to be disabled under the second sentence of subsection (a) of this section;

(iii) is not appointed to a position in the Government (whether under paragraph (3) of this subsection or otherwise); and

(iv) has not declined an offer of an appointment to a position in the Government under paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(B) Payment of any annuity for an individual pursuant to this subsection terminates—

(i) on the date the individual is appointed to a position in the Government (whether pursuant to paragraph (3) of this subsection or otherwise);

(ii) on the date the individual declines an offer of appointment to a position in the Government under paragraph (3); or

(iii) as provided under subsection (d).

(3) Any individual applying for or receiving any annuity pursuant to this subsection shall, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, be considered by any agency of the Government before any vacant position in the agency is filled if—

(A) the position is located within the commuting area of the individual's former position;

(B) the individual is qualified to serve in such position, as determined by the head of the agency; and

(C) the position is at the same grade or equivalent level as the position from which the individual was separated under section 709(e)(1) of title 32 or section 10216 of title 10.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(76), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §403(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2605; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §302(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 792; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1256(c), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 701; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §124(a)(1)(A), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1755; Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XIII, §1304(b)(2), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1577; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(1), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(61), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(2), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(d), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–88.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2257. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 7", 70 Stat. 750. Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §4(a), 75 Stat. 771. |


In subsection (c), the words "receiving disability retirement annuity from the Fund" are coextensive with and substituted for "retired under this section or under section 6 of the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended".

In subsection (g), the words "Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary" are omitted as unnecessary. The words "Employees' Compensation Fund" are substituted for "Federal Employees' Compensation Fund" to conform to the title of that Fund as set forth in section 8147.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 8337(e) for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to the subchapter.

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–553 substituted "8339(a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), or (s)" for "8339(a)–(e), (n), (q), or (r)" in last sentence.

**1999**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §522(d)(1), inserted "or section 10216 of title 10" after "title 32" and substituted "title 32 or section 10216 of title 10, respectively, to be a member of the Selected Reserve." for "such title to be a member of the National Guard and to hold a specified military grade."

Subsec. (h)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 106–65, §522(d)(2), inserted "or section 10216 of title 10" after "title 32" and substituted "Selected Reserve" for "National Guard or from holding the military grade required for such employment".

Subsec. (h)(3)(C). Pub. L. 106–65, §522(d)(3), inserted "or section 10216 of title 10" after "title 32".

**1997**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–61 substituted "(q), or (r)" for "or (q)".

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "if" for "is" after "employee" in second sentence.

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–428 substituted "8339(a)–(e), (n), or (q)" for "8339(a)–(e) or (n)".

**1989**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–189 substituted "section 942(c) of title 10" for "section 867(a)(2) of title 10".

**1988**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–238 added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: "An individual is not entitled to receive an annuity under this subchapter and compensation for injury or disability to himself under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title covering the same period of time. This provision does not bar the right of a claimant to the greater benefit conferred by either subchapter for any part of the same period of time. Neither this provision nor any provision of subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title denies to an individual an annuity accruing to him under this subchapter on account of service performed by him, or denies any concurrent benefit to him under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title on account of the death of another individual."

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–238 added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: "The right of an individual entitled to an annuity under this subchapter is not affected because he has received a lump-sum payment for compensation under section 8135 of this title. However, if the annuity is payable on account of the same disability for which compensation under section 8135 of this title has been paid, so much of the compensation as has been paid for a period extended beyond the date the annuity becomes effective, as determined by the Department of Labor, shall be refunded to that Department to be covered into the Employees' Compensation Fund. Before the individual may receive the annuity he shall—

"(1) refund to the Department of Labor the amount representing the commuted compensation payments for the extended period; or

"(2) authorize the deduction of that amount from the annuity payable to him under this subchapter, which amount shall be transmitted to the Department of Labor for reimbursement to the Employees' Compensation Fund.

Deductions from the annuity may be made from accrued and accruing payments. When the Department of Labor finds that the financial circumstances of the annuitant warrant deferred refunding, deductions from the annuity may be prorated against and paid from accruing payments in such manner as that Department determines."

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–94 inserted provision that a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals who completes 5 years of civilian service and who is found by the Office to be disabled for useful and efficient service as a judge of such court or who is removed for mental or physical disability under section 867(a)(2) of title 10 shall be retired on the judge's own application or upon such removal.

**1982**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–253, §302(a)(1), (2), substituted "180 days" for "1 year" in provision relating to restoration of an annuitant to an earning capacity fairly comparable to the current rate of pay of the position occupied at the time of retirement, and "any calendar year" for "each of 2 succeeding calendar years".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–253, §302(a)(3), added subsec. (h).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–499 provided that an employee was to be considered disabled only if the employee were found by the Office of Personnel Management to be unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee's position and was not qualified for reassignment to a vacant position in the agency at the same grade or level and provided that an employee in the Postal Service was to be considered not qualified for such reassignment if such reassignment were to a position in a different craft or were inconsistent with the terms of the appropriate collective bargaining agreement.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 124(c) of Pub. L. 100–238 provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Section 302(c) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(i), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8347 of this title] shall take effective October 1, 1982.

"(2) The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to income earned after December 31, 1982.

"(3) Subsection (h) of section 8337 of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)) shall apply to any technician (as defined in paragraph (1) of such subsection (h)) who is separated from employment as a technician on or after October 1, 1982. Such subsection (h) shall also apply to any technician separated from employment as a technician on or after December 31, 1979, and before October 1, 1982, if application therefor is made to the Office of Personnel Management within 12 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982]. Any annuity resulting from such application shall commence as of the day after the date such application is received by the Office."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–499 effective on 90th day after Dec. 5, 1980, see section 403(c) of Pub. L. 96–499, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An employee who is separated from the service or transferred to a position in which he does not continue subject to this subchapter after completing 5 years of civilian service is entitled to an annuity beginning at the age of 62 years.

(b) A Member who, after December 31, 1955, is separated from the service as a Member after completing 5 years of civilian service is entitled to an annuity beginning at the age of 62 years. A Member who is separated from the service after completing 10 or more years of Member service is entitled to an annuity beginning at the age of 60 years. A Member who is separated from the service after completing 20 or more years of service, including 10 or more years of Member service, is entitled to a reduced annuity beginning at the age of 50 years.

(c) A judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces who is separated from the service after completing 5 years of civilian service is entitled to an annuity beginning at the age of 62 years. A judge of such court who is separated from the service after completing the term of service for which he was appointed is entitled to an annuity. If an annuity is elected before the judge becomes 60 years of age, it shall be a reduced annuity.

(d) An annuity or reduced annuity authorized by this section is computed under section 8339 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(77), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1256(d), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2258. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 8", 70 Stat. 751. July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, §1(c), 74 Stat. 358. July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–622, §2(a), 74 Stat. 410. |


In subsection (b), the words "after December 31, 1955" are substituted for "on or after January 1, 1956". The word "hereafter" is omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 8338(a) for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to the subchapter.

**1994**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

**1983**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 98–94 added subsec. (c), and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Pub. L. 90–83, §10(a), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 222, provided that: "The right to a deferred annuity on satisfaction of the conditions attached thereto is continued notwithstanding the repeal by this Act of the law conferring the right."

(a) Except as otherwise provided by this section, the annuity of an employee retiring under this subchapter is—

(1) 1½ percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as does not exceed 5 years; plus

(2) 1¾ percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as exceeds 5 years but does not exceed 10 years; plus

(3) 2 percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as exceeds 10 years.

However, when it results in a larger annuity, 1 percent of his average pay plus $25 is substituted for the percentage specified by paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection, or any combination thereof.

(b) The annuity of a Congressional employee, or former Congressional employee, retiring under this subchapter is computed under subsection (a) of this section, except, if he has had—

(1) at least 5 years' service as a Congressional employee or Member or any combination thereof; and

(2) deductions withheld from his pay or has made deposit covering his last 5 years of civilian service;

his annuity is computed with respect to his service as a Congressional employee, his military service not exceeding 5 years, and any Member service, by multiplying 2½ percent of his average pay by the years of that service.

(c) The annuity of a Member, or former Member with title to Member annuity, retiring under this subchapter is computed under subsection (a) of this section, except, if he has had at least 5 years' service as a Member or Congressional employee or any combination thereof, his annuity is computed with respect to—

(1) his service as a Member and so much of his military service as is creditable for the purpose of this paragraph; and

(2) his Congressional employee service;

by multiplying 2½ percent of his average pay by the years of that service.

(d)(1) The annuity of an employee retiring under section 8335(b) or 8336(c) of this title is—

(A) 2½ percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(B) 2 percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as exceeds 20 years.

(2) The annuity of an employee retiring under this subchapter who was employed by the Panama Canal Company or Canal Zone Government on September 30, 1979, is computed with respect to the period of continuous Panama Canal service from that date, disregarding any break in service of not more than 3 days, by adding—

(A) 2½ percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of that service as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(B) 2 percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of that service as exceeds 20 years.

(3) The annuity of an employee retiring under this subchapter who is employed by the Panama Canal Commission at any time during the period beginning October 1, 1990, and ending December 31, 1999, is computed, with respect to any period of service with the Panama Canal Commission, by adding—

(A) 2½ percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of that service as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(B) 2 percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of that service as exceeds 20 years.

(4)(A) In the case of an employee who has service as a law enforcement officer or firefighter to which paragraph (2) of this subsection applies, the annuity of that employee is increased by $8 for each full month of that service which is performed in the Republic of Panama.

(B) In the case of an employee retiring under this subchapter who—

(i) was employed as a law enforcement officer or firefighter by the Panama Canal Company or Canal Zone Government at any time during the period beginning March 31, 1979, and ending September 30, 1979; and

(ii) does not meet the age and service requirements of section 8336(c) of this title;

the annuity of that employee is increased by $12 for each full month of that service which occurred before October 1, 1979.

(C) An annuity increase under this paragraph does not apply with respect to service performed after completion of 20 years of service (or any combination of service) as a law enforcement officer or firefighter.

(5) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) "Panama Canal service" means—

(i) service as an employee of the Panama Canal Commission; or

(ii) service at a permanent duty station in the Canal Zone or Republic of Panama as an employee of an Executive agency conducting operations in the Canal Zone or Republic of Panama; and

(B) "Executive agency" includes the Smithsonian Institution.

(6) The annuity of an employee retiring under section 8336(j) of this title is computed under subsection (a) of this section, except that with respect to service on or after December 21, 1972, the employee's annuity is—

(A) 2½ percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of the employee's service on or after that date as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(B) 2 percent of the employee's average pay multiplied by so much of the employee's service on or after that date as exceeds 20 years.

(7) The annuity of an employee who is a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, or a former judge of such court, retiring under this subchapter is computed under subsection (a) of this section, except, with respect to his service as a judge of such court, his service as a Member, his congressional employee service, and his military service (not exceeding 5 years) creditable under section 8332 of this title, his annuity is computed by multiplying 2½ percent of his average pay by the years of that service.

(e) The annuity of an employee retiring under section 8336(e) of this title is computed under subsection (a) of this section. That annuity may not be less than 50 percent of the average pay of the employee unless such employee has received, pursuant to section 8342 of this title, payment of the lump-sum credit attributable to deductions under section 8334(a) of this title during any period of employment as an air traffic controller and such employee has not deposited in the Fund the amount received, with interest, pursuant to section 8334(d)(1) of this title.

(f) The annuity computed under subsections (a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), and (s) may not exceed 80 percent of—

(1) the average pay of the employee; or

(2) the greatest of—

(A) the final basic pay of the Member;

(B) the average pay of the Member; or

(C) the final basic pay of the appointive position of a former Member who elects to have his annuity computed or recomputed under section 8344(d)(1) of this title.

(g) The annuity of an employee or Member retiring under section 8337 of this title is at least the smaller of—

(1) 40 percent of his average pay; or

(2) the sum obtained under subsections (a) through (c), (n), (q), (r), or (s) after increasing his service of the type last performed by the period elapsing between the date of separation and the date he becomes 60 years of age.

However, if an employee or Member retiring under section 8337 of this title is receiving retired pay or retainer pay for military service (except that specified in section 8332(c)(1) or (2) of this title) or pension or compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs in lieu of such retired or retainer pay, the annuity of that employee or Member shall be computed under subsection (a), (b), (c), (n), (q), (r), or (s), as appropriate, excluding credit for military service from that computation. If the amount of the annuity so computed, plus the retired or retainer pay which is received, or which would be received but for the pension or compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs in lieu of such retired or retainer pay, is less than the smaller of the annuity otherwise payable under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, an amount equal to the difference shall be added to the annuity payable under subsection (a), (b), (c), (n), (q), (r), or (s), as appropriate.

(h) The annuity computed under subsections (a), (b), (d)(5), and (f) of this section for an employee retiring under section 8336(d), (h), (j), or (o) of this title is reduced by 1/6 of 1 percent for each full month the employee is under 55 years of age at the date of separation. The annuity computed under subsections (c) and (f) of this section for a Member retiring under the second or third sentence of section 8336(g) of this title or the third sentence of section 8338(b) of this title is reduced by 1/12 of 1 percent for each full month not in excess of 60 months, and 1/6 of 1 percent for each full month in excess of 60 months, the Member is under 60 years of age at the date of separation. The annuity computed under subsections (a), (d)(6), and (f) of this section for a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces retiring under the second sentence of section 8336(k) of this title or the third sentence of section 8338(c) of this title is reduced by 1/12 of 1 percent for each full month not in excess of 60 months, and 1/6 of 1 percent for each full month in excess of 60 months, the judge is under 60 years of age at the date of separation.

(i) For the purposes of subsections (a)–(h), (n), (q), (r), or (s), the total service of any employee or Member shall not include any period of civilian service after July 31, 1920, for which retirement deductions or deposits have not been made under section 8334(a) of this title unless—

(1) the employee or Member makes a deposit for such period as provided in section 8334(c) or (d)(1) of this title; or

(2) no deposit is required for such service, as provided under section 8334(g) of this title or under any statute.

(j)(1) The annuity computed under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) (or a portion of the annuity, if jointly designated for this purpose by the employee or Member and the spouse of the employee or Member under procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management) for an employee or Member who is married at the time of retiring under this subchapter is reduced as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection in order to provide a survivor annuity for the spouse under section 8341(b) of this title, unless the employee or Member and the spouse jointly waive the spouse's right to a survivor annuity in a written election filed with the Office at the time that the employee or Member retires. Each such election shall be made in accordance with such requirements as the Office shall, by regulation, prescribe, and shall be irrevocable. The Office shall provide, by regulation, that an employee or Member may waive the survivor annuity without the spouse's consent if the employee or Member establishes to the satisfaction of the Office—

(A) that the spouse's whereabouts cannot be determined, or

(B) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requiring the employee or Member to seek the spouse's consent would otherwise be inappropriate.

(2) If an employee or Member has a former spouse who is entitled to a survivor annuity as provided in section 8341(h) of this title, the annuity of the employee or Member computed under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) (or any designated portion of the annuity, in the event that the former spouse is entitled to less than 55 percent of the employee or Member's annuity) is reduced as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection.

(3) An employee or Member who has a former spouse may elect, under procedures prescribed by the Office, to have the annuity computed under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) or a portion thereof reduced as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection in order to provide a survivor annuity for such former spouse under section 8341(h) of this title, unless all rights to survivor benefits for such former spouse under this subchapter based on marriage to such employee or Member were waived under paragraph (1) of this subsection. An election under this paragraph shall be made at the time of retirement or, if later, within 2 years after the date on which the marriage of the former spouse to the employee or Member is dissolved, subject to a deposit in the Fund by the retired employee or Member of an amount determined by the Office, as nearly as may be administratively feasible, to reflect the amount by which the annuity of such employee or Member would have been reduced if the election had been continuously in effect since the date the annuity commenced, plus interest. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the annual rate of interest for each year during which the annuity would have been reduced if the election had been in effect since the date the annuity commenced shall be 6 percent. The Office shall, by regulation, provide for payment of the deposit required under this paragraph by a reduction in the annuity of the employee or Member. The reduction shall, to the extent practicable, be designed so that the present value of the future reduction is actuarially equivalent to the deposit required under this paragraph, except that the total reductions in the annuity of an employee or Member to pay deposits required by the provisions of this paragraph, paragraph (5), or subsection (k)(2) shall not exceed 25 percent of the annuity computed under subsections (a) through (i), (n), (q), and (r), including adjustments under section 8340. The reduction, which shall be effective on the same date as the election under this paragraph, shall be permanent and unaffected by any future termination of the entitlement of the former spouse. Such reduction shall be independent of and in addition to the reduction required under the first sentence of this paragraph. An election under this paragraph—

(A) shall not be effective to the extent that it—

(i) conflicts with—

(I) any court order or decree referred to in subsection (h)(1) of section 8341 of this title, which was issued before the date of such election; or

(II) any agreement referred to in such subsection which was entered into before such date; or

(ii) would cause the total of survivor annuities payable under subsections (b), (d), (f), and (h) of section 8341 of this title based on the service of the employee or Member to exceed 55 percent of the annuity to which the employee or Member is entitled under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s); and

(B) shall not be effective, in the case of an employee or Member who is then married, unless it is made with the spouse's written consent.

The Office shall provide by regulation that subparagraph (B) of this paragraph may be waived for either of the reasons set forth in the last sentence of paragraph (1) of this subsection. In the case of a retired employee or Member whose annuity is being reduced in order to provide a survivor annuity for a former spouse, an election to provide or increase a survivor annuity for any other former spouse (and to continue an appropriate reduction) may be made within the same period that, and subject to the same conditions under which, an election could be made under paragraph (5)(B) of this subsection for a current spouse (subject to the provisions of this paragraph relating to consent of a current spouse, if the retired employee or Member is then married). The opportunity to make an election under the preceding sentence is in addition to any opportunity otherwise afforded under this paragraph.

(4) In order to provide a survivor annuity or combination of survivor annuities under subsections (b), (d), (f), and (h) of section 8341 of this title, the annuity of an employee or Member (or any designated portion or portions thereof) is reduced by 2½ percent of the first $3,600 thereof plus 10 percent of so much thereof as exceeds $3,600.

(5)(A) Any reduction in an annuity for the purpose of providing a survivor annuity for the current spouse of a retired employee or Member shall be terminated for each full month—

(i) after the death of the spouse, or

(ii) after the dissolution of the spouse's marriage to the employee or Member, except that an appropriate reduction shall be made thereafter if the spouse is entitled, as a former spouse, to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title.

(B) Any reduction in an annuity for the purpose of providing a survivor annuity for a former spouse of a retired employee or Member shall be terminated for each full month after the former spouse remarries before reaching age 55 or dies. This reduction shall be replaced by an appropriate reduction or reductions under paragraph (4) of this subsection if the retired employee or Member has (i) another former spouse who is entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title, (ii) a current spouse to whom the employee or Member was married at the time of retirement and with respect to whom a survivor annuity was not jointly waived under paragraph (1) of this subsection, or (iii) a current spouse whom the employee or Member married after retirement and with respect to whom an election has been made under subparagraph (C) of this paragraph or subsection (k)(2) of this section.

(C)(i) Upon remarriage, a retired employee or Member who was married at the time of retirement (including an employee or Member whose annuity was not reduced to provide a survivor annuity for the employee or Member's spouse or former spouse as of the time of retirement) may irrevocably elect during such marriage, in a signed writing received by the Office within 2 years after such remarriage or, if later, within 2 years after the death or remarriage of any former spouse of such employee or Member who was entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title (or of the last such surviving former spouse, if there was more than one), a reduction in the employee or Member's annuity under paragraph (4) of this subsection for the purpose of providing an annuity for such employee or Member's spouse in the event such spouse survives the employee or Member.

(ii) Such election and reduction shall be effective the first day of the second month after the election is received by the Office, but not less than 9 months after the date of the remarriage, and the retired employee or Member shall deposit in the Fund an amount determined by the Office of Personnel Management, as nearly as may be administratively feasible, to reflect the amount by which the annuity of such retired employee or Member would have been reduced if the election had been in effect since the date of retirement or, if later, the date the previous reduction in such retired employee or Member's annuity was terminated under subparagraph (A) or (B) of this paragraph, plus interest. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the annual rate of interest for each year during which an annuity would have been reduced if the election had been in effect on and after the applicable date referred to in such sentence shall be 6 percent.

(iii) The Office shall, by regulation, provide for payment of the deposit required under clause (ii) by a reduction in the annuity of the employee or Member. The reduction shall, to the extent practicable, be designed so that the present value of the future reduction is actuarially equivalent to the deposit required under clause (ii), except that total reductions in the annuity of an employee or Member to pay deposits required by the provisions of this paragraph or paragraph (3) shall not exceed 25 percent of the annuity computed under subsections (a) through (i), (n), (q), and (r), including adjustments under section 8340. The reduction required by this clause, which shall be effective on the same date as the election under clause (i), shall be permanent and unaffected by any future termination of the marriage. Such reduction shall be independent of and in addition to the reduction required under clause (i).

(iv) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subparagraph, an election under this subparagraph may not be made for the purpose of providing an annuity in the case of a spouse by remarriage if such spouse was married to the employee or Member at the time of such employee or Member's retirement, and all rights to survivor benefits for such spouse under this subchapter based on marriage to such employee or Member were then waived under paragraph (1) of this subsection or a similar prior provision of law.

(v) An election to provide a survivor annuity to a person under this subparagraph—

(I) shall prospectively void any election made by the employee or Member under subsection (k)(1) of this section with respect to such person; or

(II) shall, if an election was made by the employee or Member under such subsection (k)(1) with respect to a different person, prospectively void such election if appropriate written application is made by such employee or Member at the time of making the election under this subparagraph.

(vi) The deposit provisions of clauses (ii) and (iii) of this subparagraph shall not apply if—

(I) the employee or Member makes an election under this subparagraph after having made an election under subsection (k)(1) of this section; and

(II) the election under such subsection (k)(1) becomes void under clause (v) of this subparagraph.

(k)(1) At the time of retiring under section 8336 or 8338 of this title, an employee or Member who is found to be in good health by the Office may elect a reduced annuity instead of an annuity computed under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) and name in writing an individual having an insurable interest in the employee or Member to receive an annuity under section 8341(c) of this title after the death of the retired employee or Member. The annuity of the employee or Member making the election is reduced by 10 percent, and by 5 percent for each full 5 years the individual named is younger than the retiring employee or Member. However, the total reduction may not exceed 40 percent. An annuity which is reduced under this paragraph or any similar prior provision of law shall, effective the first day of the month following the death of the individual named under this paragraph, be recomputed and paid as if the annuity had not been so reduced. In the case of a married employee or Member, an election under this paragraph on behalf of the spouse may be made only if any right of such spouse to a survivor annuity based on the service of such employee or Member is waived in accordance with subsection (j)(1) of this section.

(2)(A) An employee or Member, who is unmarried at the time of retiring under a provision of law which permits election of a reduced annuity with a survivor annuity payable to such employee or Member's spouse and who later marries, may irrevocably elect, in a signed writing received in the Office within 2 years after such employee or Member marries or, if later, within 2 years after the death or remarriage of any former spouse of such employee or Member who was entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title (or of the last such surviving former spouse, if there was more than one), a reduction in the retired employee or Member's current annuity as provided in subsection (j) of this section.

(B)(i) The election and reduction shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning after the expiration of the 9-month period beginning on the date of marriage. Any such election to provide a survivor annuity for a person—

(I) shall prospectively void any election made by the employee or Member under paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to such person; or

(II) shall, if an election was made by the employee or Member under such paragraph with respect to a different person, prospectively void such election if appropriate written application is made by such employee or Member at the time of making the election under this paragraph.

(ii) The retired employee or Member shall deposit in the Fund an amount determined by the Office of Personnel Management, as nearly as may be administratively feasible, to reflect the amount by which the retired employee or Member's annuity would have been reduced under subsection (j)(4) of this section since the commencing date of the annuity, if the employee or Member had been married at the time of retirement and had elected to provide a survivor annuity at that time, plus interest. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the annual rate of interest for each year during which the annuity would have been reduced if the election had been in effect since the date of the annuity commenced shall be 6 percent.

(C) The Office shall, by regulation, provide for payment of the deposit required under subparagraph (B)(ii) by a reduction in the annuity of the employee or Member. The reduction shall, to the extent practicable, be designed so that the present value of the future reduction is actuarially equivalent to the deposit required under subparagraph (B)(ii), except that total reductions in the annuity of an employee or Member to pay deposits required by this subsection or subsection (j)(3) shall not exceed 25 percent of the annuity computed under subsections (a) through (i), (n), (q), and (r), including adjustments under section 8340. The reduction required by this subparagraph, which shall be effective on the same date as the election under subparagraph (A), shall be permanent and unaffected by any future termination of the marriage. Such reduction shall be independent of and in addition to the reduction required under subparagraph (A).

(D) Subparagraphs (B)(ii) and (C) of this paragraph shall not apply if—

(i) the employee or Member makes an election under this paragraph after having made an election under paragraph (1) of this subsection; and

(ii) the election under such paragraph (1) becomes void under subparagraph (B)(i) of this paragraph.

(l) The annuity computed under subsections (a)–(k), (n), (q), (r), and (s) for an employee who is a citizen of the United States is increased by $36 for each year of service in the employ of—

(1) the Alaska Engineering Commission, or The Alaska Railroad, in Alaska between March 12, 1914, and July 1, 1923; or

(2) the Isthmian Canal Commission, or the Panama Railroad Company, on the Isthmus of Panama between May 4, 1904, and April 1, 1914.

(m) In computing any annuity under subsections (a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), and (s), the total service of an employee who retires on an immediate annuity or dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to annuity includes, without regard to the limitations imposed by subsection (f) of this section, the days of unused sick leave to his credit under a formal leave system, except that these days will not be counted in determining average pay or annuity eligibility under this subchapter. For the purpose of this subsection, in the case of any such employee who is excepted from subchapter I of chapter 63 of this title under section 6301(2)(x)–(xiii) of this title, the days of unused sick leave to his credit include any unused sick leave standing to his credit when he was excepted from such subchapter.

(n) The annuity of an employee who is a Court of Federal Claims judge, bankruptcy judge, or United States magistrate judge is computed, with respect to service as a Court of Federal Claims judge, as a commissioner of the Court of Claims, as a referee in bankruptcy, as a bankruptcy judge, as a United States magistrate judge, and as a United States commissioner, and with respect to the military service of any such individual (not exceeding 5 years) creditable under section 8332 of this title, by multiplying 2½ percent of the individual's average pay by the years of that service.

(o)(1)(A) An employee or Member—

(i) who, at the time of retirement, is married, and

(ii) who notifies the Office at such time (in accordance with subsection (j)) that a survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of this title is not desired,

may, during the 18-month period beginning on the date of the retirement of such employee or Member, elect to have a reduction under subsection (j) made in the annuity of the employee or Member (or in such portion thereof as the employee or Member may designate) in order to provide a survivor annuity for the spouse of such employee or Member.

(B) An employee or Member—

(i) who, at the time of retirement, is married, and

(ii) who at such time designates (in accordance with subsection (j)) that a limited portion of the annuity of such employee or Member is to be used as the base for a survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of this title,

may, during the 18-month period beginning on the date of the retirement of such employee or Member, elect to have a greater portion of the annuity of such employee or Member so used.

(2)(A) An election under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be considered effective unless the amount specified in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph is deposited into the Fund before the expiration of the applicable 18-month period under paragraph (1).

(B) The amount to be deposited with respect to an election under this subsection is an amount equal to the sum of—

(i) the additional cost to the System which is associated with providing a survivor annuity under subsection (b)(2) of this section and results from such election taking into account (I) the difference (for the period between the date on which the annuity of the participant or former participant commences and the date of the election) between the amount paid to such participant or former participant under this subchapter and the amount which would have been paid if such election had been made at the time the participant or former participant applied for the annuity, and (II) the costs associated with providing for the later election; and

(ii) interest on the additional cost determined under clause (i) of this subparagraph computed using the interest rate specified or determined under section 8334(e) of this title for the calendar year in which the amount to be deposited is determined.

(3) An election by an employee or Member under this subsection voids prospectively any election previously made in the case of such employee or Member under subsection (j).

(4) An annuity which is reduced in connection with an election under this subsection shall be reduced by the same percentage reductions as were in effect at the time of the retirement of the employee or Member whose annuity is so reduced.

(5) Rights and obligations resulting from the election of a reduced annuity under this subsection shall be the same as the rights and obligations which would have resulted had the employee or Member involved elected such annuity at the time of retiring.

(6) The Office shall, on an annual basis, inform each employee or Member who is eligible to make an election under this subsection of the right to make such election and the procedures and deadlines applicable to such election.

(p)(1) In computing an annuity under this subchapter for an employee whose service includes service that was performed on a part-time basis—

(A) the average pay of the employee, to the extent that it includes pay for service performed in any position on a part-time basis, shall be determined by using the annual rate of basic pay that would be payable for full-time service in the position; and

(B) the benefit so computed shall then be multiplied by a fraction equal to the ratio which the employee's actual service, as determined by prorating an employee's total service to reflect the service that was performed on a part-time basis, bears to the total service that would be creditable for the employee if all of the service had been performed on a full-time basis.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection, employment on a part-time basis shall not be considered to include employment on a temporary or intermittent basis.

(3) In the administration of paragraph (1)—

(A) subparagraph (A) of such paragraph shall apply with respect to service performed before, on, or after April 7, 1986; and

(B) subparagraph (B) of such paragraph—

(i) shall apply with respect to that portion of any annuity which is attributable to service performed on or after April 7, 1986; and

(ii) shall not apply with respect to that portion of any annuity which is attributable to service performed before April 7, 1986.

(q) The annuity of a member of the Capitol Police, or former member of the Capitol Police, retiring under this subchapter is computed in accordance with subsection (b), except that, in the case of a member who retires under section 8335(c) or 8336(m), and who meets the requirements of subsection (b)(2), the annuity of such member is—

(1) 2½ percent of the member's average pay multiplied by so much of such member's total service as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(2) 2 percent of the member's average pay multiplied by so much of such member's total service as exceeds 20 years.

(r) The annuity of a member of the Supreme Court Police, or former member of the Supreme Court Police, retiring under this subchapter is computed in accordance with subsection (d).

(s) 1 The annuity of a Member who has served in a position in the executive branch for which the rate of basic pay was reduced for the duration of the service of the Member in that position to remove the impediment to the appointment of the Member imposed by article I, section 6, clause 2 of the Constitution, shall, subject to a deposit in the Fund as provided under section 8334(m), be computed as though the rate of basic pay which would otherwise have been in effect during that period of service had been in effect.

(s)(1) 1 For purposes of this subsection, the term "physicians comparability allowance" refers to an amount described in section 8331(3)(H).

(2) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no part of a physicians comparability allowance shall be treated as basic pay for purposes of any computation under this section unless, before the date of the separation on which entitlement to annuity is based, the separating individual has completed at least 15 years of service as a Government physician (whether performed before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this subsection).

(3) If the condition under paragraph (2) is met, then, any amounts received by the individual in the form of a physicians comparability allowance shall (for the purposes referred to in paragraph (2)) be treated as basic pay, but only to the extent that such amounts are attributable to service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, and only to the extent of the percentage allowable, which shall be determined as follows:

If the total amount of serviceperformed, on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, as a Government physician is: | Then, the percentage allowable is: |
---|---|

Less than 2 years | 0 |

At least 2 but less than 4 years | 25 |

At least 4 but less than 6 years | 50 |

At least 6 but less than 8 years | 75 |

At least 8 years | 100. |


(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, 100 percent of all amounts received as a physicians comparability allowance shall, to the extent attributable to service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, be treated as basic pay (without regard to any of the preceding provisions of this subsection) for purposes of computing—

(A) an annuity under subsection (g); and

(B) a survivor annuity under section 8341, if based on the service of an individual who dies before separating from service.

(u) 2 The annuity of an employee retiring under this subchapter with service credited under section 8332(b)(17) shall be reduced by the amount necessary to ensure that the present value of the annuity payable to the employee is actuarially equivalent to the present value of the annuity that would be payable to the employee under this subchapter if it were computed—

(1) on the basis of service that does not include service credited under section 8332(b)(17); and

(2) assuming the employee separated from service on the actual date of the separation of the employee.

The amount of the reduction shall be computed under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the administration of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 574; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(78), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §224(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 90–486, §5(c), Aug. 13, 1968, 82 Stat. 757; Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §203, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 139; Pub. L. 91–658, §2, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 92–297, §§6, 7(3), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 144; Pub. L. 93–260, §2(a), Apr. 9, 1974, 88 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 93–350, §6, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 93–474, §1, Oct. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 1438; Pub. L. 94–126, §1(b), Nov. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 679; Pub. L. 94–397, §1(d), Sept. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1203; Pub. L. 95–256, §5(d), Apr. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 191; Pub. L. 95–317, §§1(a), (c), 2, July 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 95–454, title IV, §412(b), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1175, 1224; Pub. L. 95–519, §3, Oct. 25, 1978, 92 Stat. 1819; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §338(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(49), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1242(a), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 472; Pub. L. 96–135, §1(b), (c), Dec. 5, 1979, 93 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 96–391, §1, Oct. 7, 1980, 94 Stat. 1557; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §404(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §303(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 97–276, §151(f), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1202; Pub. L. 98–94, title XII, §1256(e), Sept. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 702; Pub. L. 98–249, §3(a), Mar. 31, 1984, 98 Stat. 117; Pub. L. 98–271, §3(a), Apr. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 163; Pub. L. 98–299, §3(a), May 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 214; Pub. L. 98–325, §3(a), June 20, 1984, 98 Stat. 268; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §§112, 116(d), 121(f), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343, 344, 346; Pub. L. 98–531, §2(c), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2704; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3195; Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §203(a)–(c), title III, §307(a), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 23, 24, 28; Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15204(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 100–53, §2(d), June 18, 1987, 101 Stat. 368; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(8), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(c)(1), (d)(2)–(6), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 928, 929; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(b)(2)(B), (C), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–329; Pub. L. 101–510, div. C, title XXXV, §3506(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1847; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§306(c)(4), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, 5117; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(4), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 102–198, §7(b), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(62), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11004(a)(1), (2), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 410, 411; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(1)(A), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, §1505(b)(3), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 514; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(3), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1109(c)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(4), title XI, §1152(c)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293, 1654A–322; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(4), (h)(2)–(6)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87 to 2762A–89; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §141(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–235; Pub. L. 106–571, §3(b)(1), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3055; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(a)(3), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(4)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1903(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2616.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2259. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 9", 70 Stat. 752. | |

July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, §1(d), (e), 74 Stat. 358. | ||

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–622, §2(b), 74 Stat. 410. | ||

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §6, 75 Stat. 772. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1103(a), 76 Stat. 870. |


The section is reorganized to eliminate repetition.

In subsection (f)(2), the words "service of the type last performed" are substituted for "total service" in former section 2259(a), "service as a Congressional employee" in former section 2259(b), and "Member service" in former section 2259(c).

In subsection (i), the words "by the employee or Member at the time of retirement" are added on authority of former section 2260(a)(1), which is carried into section 8341(b).

In subsection (j), the words "an annuity computed as provided in section 2259 of this title" and "an annuity so computed" are omitted as unnecessary as former sections 2256 and 2258, which are carried into this title as sections 8336 and 8338, respectively, expressly require that the annuities authorized thereby must be computed under former section 2259, which is carried into this section.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8339(g) | 5 App.: 2259(d). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §505, 80 Stat. 301. |


The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (s), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–571, which was approved Dec. 28, 2000.

**2009**—Subsec. (p)(3). Pub. L. 111–84 added par. (3).

**2002**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–296 struck out before period at end of first sentence ", except that such reduction shall not apply in the case of an employee retiring under section 8336(h) for failure to be recertified as a senior executive".

**2001**—Subsec. (u). Pub. L. 107–107 added subsec. (u).

**2000**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(2)], substituted "subsections (a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), and (s)" for "subsections (a)–(e), (n), (q), and (r)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(3)(B)], substituted "(q), (r), or (s)" for "(q), or (r)" in two places in concluding provisions.

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(4)], struck out "the application of the limitation in section 5532 of this title, or" after "received but for" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(3)(A)], substituted "subsections (a) through (c), (n), (q), (r), or (s)" for "subsections (a)–(c), (n), (q), or (r)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(c)(1)], substituted "(j), or (o)" for "or (j)" in first sentence.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(4)], substituted "(a)–(h), (n), (q), (r), or (s)" for "(a)–(h), (n), (q), and (r)" in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (j), (k)(1). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(5)], substituted "(a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s)" for "(a)–(i), (n), (q), and (r)" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(6)], substituted "(a)–(k), (n), (q), (r), and (s)" for "(a)–(k), (n), (q), and (r)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(2)], substituted "subsections (a) through (e), (n), (q), (r), and (s)" for "subsections (a)–(e), (n), (q), and (r)".

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted "8335(c)" for "8335(d)".

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(4)], added subsec. (r). Former subsec. (r), relating to the annuity of a Member who has served in a position in the executive branch, redesignated (s).

Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 106–571 added subsec. (s), relating to physicians comparability allowance.

Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(b)(4)], redesignated subsec. (r), relating to computation of annuity of a Member who has served in a position in the executive branch, as (s).

**1999**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–58 repealed Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(c)(1). See 1998 Amendment note below.

**1998**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(c)(1), which directed substitution of "(j), or (o)" for "or (j)" in the first sentence, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

**1997**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–61, §516(a)(3)(A), substituted "(q), and (r)" for "and (q) of this section".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–61, §516(a)(3)(B), substituted "(q), or (r)" for "or (q) of this section" in par. (2) and in two places in concluding provisions.

Subsecs. (i) to (m). Pub. L. 105–61, §516(a)(3)(A), substituted "(q), and (r)" for "and (q)" and "and (q) of this section" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (r). Pub. L. 105–61, §516(a)(3)(C), added subsec. (r).

**1996**—Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 104–106 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 103–337, which directed amendment of par. (6) by substituting "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals", could not be executed because the words "Court of Military Appeals" did not appear in par. (6).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces" for "Court of Military Appeals".

**1993**—Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(1)(A)(i), struck out ", within such 2-year period," after "retired employee or Member" in second sentence.

Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(1)(A)(ii), substituted fourth through seventh sentences for former fourth sentence which read as follows: "If the employee or Member does not make such a deposit, the Office shall collect the amount of the deposit by offset against the employee or Member's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the net annuity otherwise payable to the employee or Member, and the employee or Member is deemed to consent to such offset."

Subsec. (j)(5)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(1)(B)(i), struck out ", within 2 years after the date of the remarriage or, if later, the death or remarriage of the former spouse (or of the last such surviving former spouse)," after "employee or Member shall".

Subsec. (j)(5)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(1)(B)(ii), amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: "If the employee or Member does not make such deposit, the Office shall collect such amount by offset against the employee or Member's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the net annuity otherwise payable to the employee or Member, and the employee or Member is deemed to consent to such offset."

Subsec. (k)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(2)(A), which directed amendment of cl. (ii) by substituting in first sentence "The retired employee" for "Within 2 years after the date of the marriage, the retired employee", was executed by making the substitution for "Within 2 years after the date of marriage, the retired employee" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (k)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(a)(2)(B), amended subpar. (C) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (C) read as follows: "If the employee or Member does not make such deposit, the Office shall collect such amount by offset against the employee or Member's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the net annuity otherwise payable to the employee or Member, and the employee or Member is deemed to consent to such offset."

**1992**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" in two places.

Subsecs. (o), (p). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(62), redesignated subsec. (o), relating to employee whose service includes service performed on part-time basis, as (p).

**1991**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "pension or compensation from the Department of Veterans Affairs" for "Veterans' Administration pension or compensation" in second and third sentences.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–198 inserted a comma after "United States commissioner".

**1990**—Subsec. (d)(3) to (7). Pub. L. 101–510 added par. (3) and redesignated former pars. (3) to (6) as (4) to (7), respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(2)(C), substituted "8334(d)(1)" for "8334(d)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(2), substituted "(a)–(e), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(e) and (n)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(3)(B), substituted "(c), (n), or (q)" for "(c), or (n)" wherever appearing in closing provisions.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(3)(A), substituted "(a)–(c), (n), or (q)" for "(a)–(c) or (n)".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(4), substituted "(a)–(h), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(h) and (n)".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(b)(2)(B), substituted "(d)(1)" for "(d)".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(5), substituted "(a)–(i), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(i) and (n)" in pars. (1) and (2), and in introductory provisions and subpar. (A)(ii) of par. (3).

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(5), substituted "(a)–(i), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(i) and (n)".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(6), substituted "(a)–(k), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(k) and (n)".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(2), substituted "(a)–(e), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(e) and (n)".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 101–650 amended subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (n) read as follows: "The annuity of an employee who is a bankruptcy judge or United States magistrate is computed, with respect to service as a referee in bankruptcy, as a bankruptcy judge, as a United States magistrate, and as a United States commissioner and with respect to the military service of any such individual (not exceeding 5 years) creditable under section 8332 of this title, by multiplying 2½ percent of the individual's average pay by the years of that service."

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 101–428, §2(c)(1), added subsec. (q).

**1989**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–194 inserted ", except that such reduction shall not apply in the case of an employee retiring under section 8336(h) for failure to be recertified as a senior executive" before period at end of first sentence.

**1987**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–53 amended subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (n) read as follows: "The annuity of an employee who is a bankruptcy judge is computed with respect to service after as a referee in bankruptcy and as a bankruptcy judge and his military service (not exceeding five years) creditable under section 8332 of this title by multiplying 2½ percent of his average annual pay by the years of that service."

**1986**—Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(a), inserted ", unless all rights to survivor benefits for such former spouse under this subchapter based on marriage to such employee or Member were waived under paragraph (1) of this subsection" at end of first sentence.

Subsec. (j)(5)(B). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(b), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows:

"(B)(i) Any reduction in an annuity for the purpose of providing a survivor annuity for a former spouse of a retired employee or Member shall be terminated for each full month after the former spouse remarries before reaching age 55 or dies, unless the employee or Member elects, within 2 years after the former spouse's death or remarriage, to continue the reduction in order to provide a survivor annuity or increase the survivor annuity for the current spouse of the retired employee or Member.

"(ii) Notwithstanding clause (i) of this subparagraph—

"(I) a reduction in an annuity shall not be terminated under such clause, and

"(II) an election made under such clause with respect to a current spouse after a remarriage before age 55 or the death of a former spouse shall not be effective,

if, and to the extent that, continuation of the reduction is necessary in order to provide for any survivor annuity, or any increase in a survivor annuity, which becomes payable under section 8341(h)(2) of this title to any other former spouse as a result of such remarriage or death."

Subsec. (j)(5)(C)(v), (vi). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(c)(1), added cls. (v) and (vi).

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(c)(2), inserted at end "In the case of a married employee or Member, an election under this paragraph on behalf of the spouse may be made only if any right of such spouse to a survivor annuity based on the service of such employee or Member is waived in accordance with subsection (j)(1) of this section."

Subsec. (k)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(c)(3)(A), substituted provisions directing that the election and reduction shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning after the expiration of the 9-month period beginning on the date of marriage and that any such election to provide a survivor annuity for a person shall prospectively void any election made by the employee or Member under paragraph (1) of this subsection with respect to such person, or shall, if an election was made by the employee or Member under such paragraph with respect to a different person, prospectively void such election if appropriate written application is made by such employee or Member at the time of making the election under this paragraph, for provisions which directed that the election and reduction had to take effect the first day of the first month beginning 9 months after the date of marriage and would prospectively void any election previously made under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

Subsec. (k)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(c)(3)(B), struck out "(other than an employee or Member who made a previous election under paragraph (1) of this subsection)" after "retired employee or Member".

Subsec. (k)(2)(D). Pub. L. 99–251, §203(c)(3)(C), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 99–272 added subsec. (o), set out second, relating to computation of annuities for part-time service.

Pub. L. 99–251, §307(a), added subsec. (o), set out first, relating to 18-month period for election of survivor annuities.

**1984**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–353, §112, substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–353, §116(d)(1), (2), inserted "or (n)" after "(c)" in par. (2), and substituted "(c), or (n)" for "or (c)" in two places in provisions following par. (2).

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3)(A), substituted provisions that at the time of retirement an employee's pension will be reduced to provide survivor benefits to the spouse unless the employee or Member and the spouse jointly waive the spouse's right to the survivor annuity in a written statement filed with the Office of Personnel Management which shall be made in accordance with such requirements as prescribed by the Office by regulation and which shall be irrevocable and that the Office, by regulation, must provide that an employee may waive the survivor annuity without the spouse's consent only when the spouse's whereabouts are unknown to the employee or, due to exceptional circumstances it would be inappropriate to require the employee to seek the spouse's consent for provisions that at the time of retirement an employee's pension would be reduced by 2½ percent of so much thereof as did not exceed $3,600 and by 10 percent of so much thereof as exceeded that amount, unless the employee or member notified the Office of Personnel Management in writing at the time of retirement that he did not desire any surviving spouse to receive an annuity under section 8341(b) of this title, and struck out provisions for the restoration to the employee or Member of his full pension, as if such reduction had not taken place, for each full month in which such employee or Member was not married, and providing the employee or Member a right of irrevocable election of reduction for the benefit of a subsequent spouse, in the event of remarriage, in an amount equal to the prior reduction, to take effect 1 year after remarriage.

Pub. L. 98–353, §112, substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3)(A), substituted provision that if an employee or Member has a former spouse who is entitled to a survivor annuity as provided in section 8341(h) of this title, the annuity of the employee or Member computed under subsecs. (a)–(i) and (n) (or any designated portion of the annuity, in the event that the former spouse is entitled to less than 55 percent of the employee or Member's annuity) is reduced as provided in par. (4) for provision that any written notification (or designation) by any employee or Member under the first sentence of par. (1) would not be considered valid unless the employee or Member established to the satisfaction of the Office that the spouse had been notified of the loss of or reduction in survivor benefits or that the employee or Member had complied with such notification requirements as the Office would, by regulation, prescribe.

Subsec. (j)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3)(A), added pars. (3) to (5).

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3)(B), substituted "an employee or Member" for "an unmarried employee or Member".

Pub. L. 98–353, §112, substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(3)(C), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "such employee or Member's spouse" for "his spouse" and "within 2 years after such employee or Member marries or, if later, within 2 years after the death or remarriage of any former spouse of such employee or Member who was entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title (or of the last such surviving former spouse, if there was more than one), a reduction in the retired employee or Member's current annuity as provided in subsection (j) of this section" for "within 1 year after he marries, a reduction in his current annuity as provided in subsection (j) of this section. The reduced annuity shall be effective the first day of the first month beginning 1 year after the date of marriage. The election voids prospectively any election previously made under paragraph (1) of this subsection", and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 98–353, §112, substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 98–353, §112, substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 98–531 substituted "as a referee in bankruptcy and" for "March 31, 1979, and before the date of the enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984".

Pub. L. 98–353, §121(f), substituted "the date of enactment of the Bankruptcy Amendments and Federal Judgeship Act of 1984" for "June 28, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–353, §116(d)(3), substituted "as a referee in bankruptcy and" for "March 31, 1979, and before June 27, 1984,".

Pub. L. 98–325 substituted "June 28, 1984" for "June 21, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–299 substituted "June 21, 1984" for "May 26, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–271 substituted "May 26, 1984" for "April 1, 1984".

Pub. L. 98–249 which purported to amend subsec. (o) by substituting "May 1, 1984" for "April 1, 1984" was probably intended as an amendment of subsec. (n). See amendment of subsec. (n) by Pub. L. 98–271.

**1983**—Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 98–94, §1256(e)(1), added par. (6).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 98–94, §1256(e)(2), inserted provision that the annuity computed under subsections (a), (d)(6), and (f) of this section for a judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals retiring under the second sentence of section 8336(k) of this title or the third sentence of section 8338(c) of this title is reducted by 1/12 of 1 percent for each full month not in excess of 60 months, and 1/6 of 1 percent for each full month in excess of 60 months, the judge is under 60 years of age at the date of separation.

**1982**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–276 inserted "unless such employee has received, pursuant to section 8342 of this title, payment of the lump-sum credit attributable to deductions under section 8334(a) of this title during any period of employment as an air traffic controller and such employee has not deposited in the Fund the amount received, with interest, pursuant to section 8334(d) of this title".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–253 redesignated former unnumbered subsection into provisions preceding par. (1) and par. (1) and (2) and completely revised such provisions as so redesignated. Prior to amendment subsec. (i) read as follows: "The annuity computed under subsections (a)–(h) and (o) of this section is reduced by 10 percent of a deposit described by section 8334(c) of this title remaining unpaid, unless the employee or Member elects to eliminate the service involved for the purpose of annuity computation."

**1980**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–499 provided for a minimum disability retirement annuity where an employee or Member retiring under section 8337 of this title was receiving retired or retainer pay for military service or a Veterans' Administration pension or compensation.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 96–391 redesignated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–70 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added pars. (2) to (4).

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 96–135, §1(b), added par. (5).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–135, §1(c), inserted references to subsections (d)(5) and (j) of this section.

Subsecs. (n), (o). Pub. L. 96–54 redesignated subsec. (o) as (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (m) by Pub. L. 94–126.

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–256 substituted "(b)" for "(g)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(1), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–454, §412(b), substituted "section 8336(d) or (h)" for "section 8336(d)".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(2), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(3), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Pub. L. 95–317, §1(a), inserted "(or is remarried if there is no election in effect under the following sentence)" after "or Member is not married", and substituted provisions authorizing, upon remarriage, an irrevocable election in a signed writing received by the Commission within 1 year after remarriage for a reduction and computation of such reduction, for provisions authorizing the annuity, upon remarriage, to be reduced by the same percentage reductions in effect at the time of retirement.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(3), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Pub. L. 95–317, §2, inserted provisions relating to recomputation and payment of an annuity reduced under this par. or any similar prior provision of law.

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 95–317, §1(c), substituted "The reduced annuity shall be effective the first day of the first month beginning 1 year after the date of marriage" for "His reduced annuity is effective the first day of the month after his election is received in the Commission".

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(4), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(5), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of this section.

Pub. L. 95–519 inserted provision relating to computation of days of unused sick leave for employees excepted from subchapter I of chapter 63 of this title.

Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(a)(6), added subsec. (o).

**1976**—Subsec. (f)(2)(C). Pub. L. 94–397 substituted "8344(d)(1)" for "8344(b)(1)".

**1975**—Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 94–126 struck out subsec. (m) which required that 45 per centum of each year, or fraction thereof, of service referred to in section 8332(b)(6) which was performed prior to the effective date of the National Guard Technicians Act of 1968, be disregarded in determining service for the purpose of computing an annuity under each paragraph of this section, and redesignated subsec. (n) as (m).

**1974**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–350 inserted reference to employees retiring under section 8335(g) of this title and substituted a schedule of 2½ percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as does not exceed 20 years plus 2 percent of his average pay multiplied by so much of his total service as exceeds 20 years for a schedule of 2 percent of his average pay multiplied by his total service.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 93–260 substituted "greatest" for "greater", redesignated cl. (B) as cl. (C), and added cl. (B).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 93–474 inserted provision that an annuity reduced under this subsection or any similar provision of law shall be recomputed and paid as if the annuity had not been so reduced for each full month during which a retired employee or member is not married and that upon marriage the annuity shall be reduced by the same percentage reductions which were in effect at the time of retirement.

**1972**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–297, §6(1), (2), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(A), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted references to subsecs. (a) to (e) for references to subsecs. (a) to (d). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 92–297, §6(1), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(B), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h) and substituted "subsections (a), (b), and (f)", "subsections (c) and (f)", and "section 8336(g)" for "subsections (a), (b), and (e)", "subsections (c) and (e)", and "section 8336(f)" respectively. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(C), redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i) and substituted reference to subsections (a)–(h) for reference to subsections (a)–(g). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(D), redesignated former subsec. (i) as (j) and substituted reference to subsections (a) to (i) for reference to subsections (a) to (h). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(E), redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k) and substituted "subsections (a)–(i)" and "subsection (j)" for "subsections (a)–(h)" and "subsection (i)", respectively. Former subsec. (k) redesignated (l).

Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(F), redesignated former subsec. (k) as (l) and substituted "subsections (a)–(e)" for "subsections (a)–(j)". Former subsec. (l) redesignated (m).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 92–297, §6(1) redesignated former subsec. (l) as (m). Former subsec. (m) redesignated (n).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 92–297, §§6(1), 7(3)(G), redesignated former subsec. (m) as (n) and substituted "subsections (a)–(e)" and "subsection (f)" for "subsections (a)–(d)" and "subsection (e)", respectively.

**1971**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 91–658, §2(a), substituted "any spouse surviving him" for "his spouse".

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 91–658, §2(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–93, §203(1), substituted "his service as a Congressional employee, his military service not exceeding 5 years," for "so much of his service as a Congressional employee and his military service as does not exceed a total of 15 years".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–93, §203(2), struck out "so much of" and "as does not exceed 15 years" before and after "his Congressional employee service".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–93, §203(3), struck out last sentence providing "However, this subsection does not increase the annuity of a survivor."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 91–93, §203(4), struck out "(excluding any increase because of retirement under section 8337 of this title)" after "subsections (a)–(h) of this section".

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–93, §203(5), added subsec. (m).

**1968**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 90–486 added subsec. (l).

**1967**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 90–206 inserted provision for the use of the final basic pay of the appointive position of a former Member who elects to have his annuity computed or recomputed under section 8344(b)(1) of this title inmaking the determination of the maximum allowable annuity.

"United States magistrate judge" substituted for "United States magistrate" wherever appearing in subsec. (n) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1903(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2616, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to any annuity, entitlement to which is based on a separation from service occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–107 applicable only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after Dec. 28, 2001, see section 1132(c) of Pub. L. 107–107, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 11004(c) of Pub. L. 103–66 provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 applicable to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 306(f) of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective with respect to any annuity having a commencement date later than Dec. 1, 1990, see section 7001(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 2(c)(2) of Pub. L. 101–428 provided that:

"(A) The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect 4 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990], and shall apply with respect to any annuity, entitlement to which is based on a separation occurring on or after that effective date, subject to subparagraph (B).

"(B) Nothing in this subsection or in the amendment made by this subsection [amending this section] shall, with respect to any service performed before the effective date of such amendment, have the effect of reducing the percentage applicable in computing any portion of an annuity based on such service below the percentage which would otherwise apply if this Act had not been enacted."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–53 effective Oct. 1, 1987, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and United States magistrate judges in office on that date and to individuals subsequently appointed to such positions to whom this chapter otherwise applies, see section 3 of Pub. L. 100–53, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Section 15204(b), formerly 15204(c), of Pub. L. 99–272, as redesignated by Pub. L. 99–509, title VII, §7003(b), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1949, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 8341 of this title, and former section 4109 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits] shall be effective with respect to service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 7, 1986]."

Section 203(d) of Pub. L. 99–251 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect May 7, 1985."

Section 307(b) of Pub. L. 99–251 provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 3 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Feb. 27, 1986].

"(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the amendment made by subsection (a) shall apply with respect to employees and Members who retire before, on, or after such amendment first takes effect.

"(B) For the purpose of applying the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 8339(o) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a) of this section) to employees and Members who retire before the date on which the amendment made by subsection (a) first takes effect—

"(i) the period referred to in subparagraph (A) or (B) of such paragraph (as the case may be) shall be considered to begin on the date on which such amendment first becomes effective; and

"(ii) the amount referred to in paragraph (2) of such section 8339(o) shall be computed without regard to the provisions of subparagraph (B)(ii) of such paragraph (relating to interest).

"(3) For purposes of this subsection, the terms 'employee' and 'Member' each has the meaning given that term in sections 8331(1) and 8331(2) of title 5, United States Code, respectively."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1), (4) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–531 effective Mar. 31, 1984, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 98–531, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, and applicable to bankruptcy judges who retire on or after such date, see section 116(e) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. See, also, section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section 151(h)(3) of Pub. L. 97–276 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection 152(f) [151(f)] of this joint resolution [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 2, 1982]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 effective with respect to deposits for service performed, on or after Oct. 1, 1982, and with respect to refunds for which application is received by Office of Personnel Management on or after Oct. 1, 1982, and provisions of section 8339(i) of title 5, as in effect the day before Sept. 7, 1982, to continue to apply with respect to periods of service and refunds occurring on or before Sept. 30, 1982, see section 303(d)(1) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(j)(1), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 404(c) of Pub. L. 96–499 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8347 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980]."

Section 3 of Pub. L. 96–391 provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to notifications and designations made under the first sentence of section 8339(j) of title 5, United States Code, on or after the ninetieth day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 7, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–135 effective Dec. 5, 1979, see section 1(d) of Pub. L. 96–135, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Section 1242(b)(1) of Pub. L. 96–70 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 1979], but no amount of annuity under chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, accruing by reason of those amendments shall be payable for any period before October 1, 1979."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–519 applicable only with respect to employees who retire or die on or after Oct. 25, 1978, see section 4(b) of Pub. L. 95–519, set out as a note under section 5551 of this title.

Amendment by section 412(b) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95–454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–256 effective Sept. 30, 1978, see section 5(f) of Pub. L. 95–256, set out as a note under section 633a of Title 29, Labor.

Section 4 of Pub. L. 95–317 provided that:

"(a) This act [amending this section and section 8341 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect—

"(1) the first day of the first month which begins on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [July 10, 1978], or

"(2) October 1, 1978,

whichever is later.

"(b) Except as provided under subsection (c) of this section, the amendments made by the first section and section 2 of this Act [amending this section and section 8341 of this title] shall apply with respect to annuities which commence before, on, or after the effective date of this Act, but no monetary benefit by reason of such amendments shall accrue for any period before such effective date.

"(c) The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section and section 8341 of this title] shall not affect the eligibility of any individual to a survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of title 5, United States Code, or the reduction therefor under section 8339(j) of such title, in the case of an annuitant who remarried before the effective date of this Act, unless the annuitant notifies the Civil Service Commission in a signed writing received in the Commission within one year after the effective date of this Act that such annuitant does not desire the spouse of the annuitant to receive a survivor annuity in the event of the annuitant's death. Such notification shall take effect the first day of the first month after it is received in the Commission."

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–397 effective Oct. 1, 1976, and applicable to annuitants serving in appointive or elective positions on and after such date, see section 2 of Pub. L. 94–397, set out as a note under section 8344 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–126 effective Jan. 1, 1969, applicable to a person who, on Nov. 12, 1975, is receiving or is entitled to receive benefits under any Federal retirement system and requests in writing the application of the amendment to him by the office administering his retirement system, and additional benefits to commence Dec. 1, 1975, see section 3 of Pub. L. 94–126, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 93–474 provided that: "The amendment made by this Act [amending this section] shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 26, 1974], but no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to the first day of the first month which begins on or after the date of enactment of this Act."

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–350 effective on July 12, 1974, see section 7 of Pub. L. 93–350, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–260 provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to annuities paid for months beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 9, 1974]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 91–658 provided that: "The amendments made by section 2(a) and 3 of this Act [amending this section and section 8341 of this title] shall not apply in the cases of employees, Members, or annuitants who died before the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1971]. The rights of such persons and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted."

Section 5(c) of Pub. L. 91–658 provided that: "The amendments made by section 2(b) of this Act [amending this section] shall apply to an annuitant who was unmarried at the time of retiring, but who later married, only if the election is made within 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1971]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–93 inapplicable in cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to Oct. 20, 1969, their rights and of their survivors continued as if such amendment had not been enacted, see section 207(a) of Pub. L. 91–93, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 effective Jan. 1, 1969, except that no deductions or withholding from salary which result therefrom shall commence before first day of first pay period that begins on or after Jan. 1, 1968, see section 11 of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3110 of this title.

Section 1242(b)(2) of Pub. L. 96–70 provided that: "Effective October 1, 1979, any individual who, but for paragraph (1) of this subsection [set out as an Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note above], would have been entitled to one or more annuity payments pursuant to the amendments made by this section [amending this section] for periods before October 1, 1979, shall be entitled, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, to a lump sum payment equal to the total amount of all such annuity payments."

Section 3 of Pub. L. 95–317, as amended by 1978 Reorg. Plan No. 2, §102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall, on an annual basis, inform each annuitant of such annuitant's rights of election under sections 8339(j) and 8339(k)(2) of title 5, United States Code."

Section 2(a) of Pub. L. 93–273, Apr. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 93, provided that: "An annuity payable from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund to a former employee or Member, which is based on a separation occurring prior to October 20, 1969, is increased by $240."

Section 3 of Pub. L. 93–273 provided in part that annuity increases under this provision shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after Apr. 26, 1974, but that no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to the first day of the first month which begins on or after the ninetieth day after Apr. 26, 1974, or the date on which the annuity commences, whichever is later. See section 3 of Pub. L. 93–273, set out as a note under section 8345 of this title.

Adjustment by the President pro tempore of the Senate with respect to the United States Senate, by the Finance Clerk of the House of Representatives with respect to the United States House of Representatives, and by the Architect of the Capitol with respect to the Office of the Architect of the Capitol, effective on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after Dec. 27, 1969, of the rates of pay of employees of the legislative branch subject to section 214 of Pub. L. 90–206 with certain exceptions, by the amounts of the adjustment for corresponding rates for employees subject to the General Schedule, set out in section 5332 of this title, which had been made by section 2 of Pub. L. 91–231 raising such rates by 6 percent, see Pub. L. 91–231, formerly set out as a note under section 5332 of this title.

Section 214(d) of Pub. L. 90–206, title II, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 636, providing for the inclusion of the additional compensation pursuant to section 214 of Pub. L. 90–206 as part of basic pay for purposes of civil service retirement, was repealed by section 7(a)(4) of Pub. L. 90–623, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1315, except with respect to rights and duties which matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before Oct. 22, 1968.

Section 1101 of Pub. L. 87–793, Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 868, provided that:

"(a) The annuity of each person who, on the effective date of this section [Jan. 1, 1963], is receiving or entitled to receive an annuity from the civil service retirement and disability fund shall be increased by 5 per centum of the amount of such annuity.

"(b) The annuity of each person who receives or is entitled to receive an annuity from the civil service retirement and disability fund commencing during the period which begins on the day following the effective date of this section [Jan. 1, 1963] and ends five years after such date, shall be increased in accordance with the following table:

"If the annuity commences between— | The annuity shall be increased by— |
---|---|

"January 2, 1963, and December 31, 1963 | 4 per centum |

"January 1, 1964, and December 31, 1964 | 3 per centum |

"January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1965 | 2 per centum |

"January 1, 1966, and December 31, 1966 | 1 per centum |


"(c) In lieu of any other increase provided by this section, the annuity of a survivor of a retired employee or Member of Congress who received an increase under this section shall be increased by a percentage equal to the percentage by which the annuity of such employee or Member was so increased.

"(d) No increase provided by this section shall be computed on any additional annuity purchased at retirement by voluntary contributions.

"(e) The limitation reading 'or (3) the sum necessary to increase such annuity, exclusive of annuity purchased by voluntary contributions under the second paragraph of section 10 of this Act, to $2,160' contained in section 8(c)(1) of the Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amended by the Acts of July 16, 1952 (66 Stat. 722; Public Law 555, Eighty-second Congress), and August 31, 1954 (68 Stat. 1043; Public Law 747, Eighty-third Congress), shall not be effective on or after the effective date of this section [Jan. 1, 1963].

"(f) The limitation contained in the next to the last sentence of section 8(d)(1) of the Civil Service Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as amended, as enacted by the Act of August 11, 1955 (69 Stat. 692; Public Law 369, Eighty-fourth Congress) shall not be effective on and after the effective date of this section [Jan. 1, 1963].

"(g) The increases provided by this section shall take effect on the effective date of this section [Jan. 1, 1963], except that any increase under subsection (b) or (c) shall take effect on the beginning date of the annuity.

"(h) The monthly installment of annuity after adjustment under this section shall be fixed at the nearest dollar".

Section 1104 of Pub. L. 87–793 provided in part that section 1101 of Pub. L. 87–793 shall take effect on January 1, 1963.

Pub. L. 85–465, June 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 218, as amended by Pub. L. 86–604, §3(a), July 7, 1960, 74 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 87–114, July 31, 1961, 75 Stat. 241, provided:

"That (a) the annuity of each retired employee or Member of Congress who, on August 1, 1958, is receiving or entitled to receive an annuity from the civil service retirement and disability fund based on service which terminated prior to October 1, 1956, shall be increased by 10 per centum, but no such increase shall exceed $500 per annum.

"(b) The annuity otherwise payable from the civil service retirement and disability fund to—

"(1) each survivor who on August 1, 1958, is receiving or entitled to receive an annuity based on service which terminated prior to October 1, 1956, and

"(2) each survivor of a retired employee or Member of Congress described in subsection (a) of this section,

shall be increased by 10 per centum. No increase provided by this subsection shall exceed $250 per annum.

"(c) No increase provided by this section shall be computed on any additional annuity purchased at retirement by voluntary contributions.

"

"(1) who had completed at least ten years of service creditable for civil service retirement purposes.

"(2) who (A) died February 29, 1948, or (B), if retired under the Alaska Railroad Retirement Act of June 29, 1936, as amended, or under sections 91 to 107, inclusive, of title 2 of the Canal Zone Code, approved June 19, 1934, as amended, died before April 1, 1948; and

"(3) who was at the time of his death (A) subject to an Act under which annuities granted before February 20, 1948, were or are now payable from the civil service retirement and disability fund or (B) retired under such an Act,

shall be entitled to receive an annuity. In order to qualify for such annuity, the widow or widower shall have been married to the employee for at least five years immediately prior to his death and must be not entitled to any other annuity from the civil service retirement and disability fund based on the service of such employee. Such annuity shall be equal to one-half of the annuity which the employee was receiving on the date of his death if retired, or would have been receiving if he had been retired for disability on the date of his death, but shall not exceed $750 per annum and shall not be increased by the provisions of this or any other prior law. Any annuity granted under this section shall cease upon the death or remarriage of the widow or widower.

"

"(b) An annuity provided by section 2 of this Act shall commence on August 1, 1958, or on the first day of the month in which application for such annuity is received in the Civil Service Commission, whichever occurs later.

"(c) The monthly installment of each annuity increased or provided by this Act shall be fixed at the nearest dollar.

"

"

"(b) No increase in annuity provided by this Act or any prior provision of law shall apply in the case of any retired employee who exercises the option permitted by subsection (a) of this section."

Pub. L. 89–17, May 1, 1965, 79 Stat. 109, provided: "That for the purposes of section 1(a) of the Act of June 25, 1958 (Public Law 85–465) [1958 Increase in Annuities note set out above], and section 1101(a) of the Act of October 11, 1962 (Public Law 87–793) [1962 Increase in Annuities note set out under this section], the words 'entitled to receive an annuity' shall, from and after the respective effective dates (August 1, 1958, and January 1, 1963) of the annuity increases provided by such Acts, not include any person whose annuity commencing date occurs after the effective date of the annuity increase involved."

Section 3(b), (c) of Pub. L. 86–604, July 7, 1960, 74 Stat. 359, made section 4 of act June 25, 1958, set out in the 1958 Increase in Annuities note under this section, applicable to annuities authorized by section 2(2)(B) of act June 25, 1958, and provided that such annuities should commence Aug. 1, 1958, or on the first day of the month in which application therefor was received in the Civil Service Commission, whichever occurred later.

Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §105, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 138, repealed part of Pub. L. 87–141, title I, §101, Aug. 17, 1961, 75 Stat. 345, which required the Civil Service Commission to include annually in its estimates to the Bureau of the Budget, estimates of appropriations necessary to reimburse the civil service retirement and disability fund for amounts paid out of the fund by reason of enactment of Pub. L. 85–465, set out in the 1958 Increase in Annuities note under this section, and the Bureau of the Budget to submit such estimates annually to the Congress.

Pub. L. 86–734, §5, Sept. 8, 1960, 74 Stat. 868, provided that: "Any person who shall retire for age after serving at least thirty years as Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall receive an annuity during the remainder of his life equal to the salary payable to him at the time of his retirement."

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–486 not applicable to persons employed prior to Jan. 1, 1969, whose employment was covered by the civil service retirement provisions of section 8331 et seq. of this title, see section 5(d) of Pub. L. 90–486, set out as a note under section 709 of Title 32, National Guard.

1 So in original. Two subsecs. (s) have been enacted.

2 So in original. No subsec. (t) has been enacted.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "base quarter", as used with respect to a year, means the calendar quarter ending on September 30, of such year; and

(2) the price index for a base quarter is the arithmetical mean of such index for the 3 months comprising such quarter.

(b) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective December 1 of each year, each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such December 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index for the base quarter of such year over the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made, adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent.

(c) Eligibility for an annuity increase under this section is governed by the commencing date of each annuity payable from the Fund as of the effective date of an increase, except as follows:

(1) The first increase (if any) made under subsection (b) of this section to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, to the widow, widower, or former spouse,1 of a deceased employee or Member, or to the widow, widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been increased under this subsection or subsection (b) of this section, shall be equal to the product (adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent) of—

(A) 1/12 of the applicable percent change computed under subsection (b) of this section, multiplied by

(B) the number of months (not to exceed 12 months, counting any portion of a month as a month)—

(i) for which the annuity was payable from the Fund before the effective date of the increase, or

(ii) in the case of a widow, widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been so increased, since the annuity was first payable to the deceased annuitant.

(2) Effective from its commencing date, an annuity payable from the Fund to an annuitant's survivor (except a child entitled under section 8341(e) of this title), which annuity commences the day after the death of the annuitant and after the effective date of the first increase under this section, shall be increased by the total percent increase the annuitant was receiving under this section at death. However, the increase in a survivor annuity authorized by section 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended to July 6, 1950, shall be computed as if the annuity commencing date had been the effective date of the first increase under this section.

(3) For the purpose of computing the annuity of a child under section 8341(e) of this title that commences after October 31, 1969, the items $900, $1,080, $2,700, and $3,240 appearing in section 8341(e) of this title shall be increased by the total percent increases allowed and in force under this section on or after such day and, in case of a deceased annuitant, the items 60 percent and 75 percent appearing in section 8341(e) of this title shall be increased by the total percent allowed and in force to the annuitant under this section on or after such day.

(d) This section does not authorize an increase in an additional annuity purchased at retirement by voluntary contributions.

(e) The monthly installment of annuity after adjustment under this section shall be rounded to the next lowest dollar. However, the monthly installment shall after adjustment reflect an increase of at least $1.

(f) Effective September 1, 1966, or on the commencing date of annuity, whichever is later, the annuity of each surviving spouse whose entitlement to annuity payable from the Fund resulted from the death of—

(1) an employee or Member before October 11, 1962; or

(2) a retired employee or Member whose retirement was based on a separation from service before October 11, 1962;

is increased by 10 percent.

(g)(1) An annuity shall not be increased by reason of any adjustment under this section to an amount which exceeds the greater of—

(A) the maximum pay payable for GS–15 30 days before the effective date of the adjustment under this section; or

(B) the final pay (or average pay, if higher) of the employee or Member with respect to whom the annuity is paid, increased by the overall annual average percentage adjustments (compounded) in rates of pay of the General Schedule under subchapter I of chapter 53 of this title during the period—

(i) beginning on the date the annuity commenced (or, in the case of a survivor of the retired employee or Member, the date the employee's or Member's annuity commenced), and

(ii) ending on the effective date of the adjustment under this section.

(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, "pay" means the rate of salary or basic pay as payable under any provision of law, including any provision of law limiting the expenditure of appropriated funds.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 576; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(79), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 215; Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §204, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 139; Pub. L. 93–136, §1, Oct. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 94–126, §2(b), Nov. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 679; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(35), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 94–440, title XIII, §1306(a), (c)(1), Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1462; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §401(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2605; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1702(a), (b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 754; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §§304(a), 309(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795, 798; Pub. L. 98–270, title II, §201(a), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 157; Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2201(b), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §204, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 25.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2268. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 18"; added Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1102(b) (less so much as redesignated §18 as 19), 76 Stat. 869. |


In subsection (a), the words "After January 1, 1964" and "other than 1964" and subsection (a)(1) of former section 2268, are omitted as executed.

In subsection (b), the words "subsection (a) of this section" are substituted for "subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2) of this section" since subsection (a)(1) has been omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8340(a) 8340(b) 8340(c) 8340(d) |
5 App.: 2268(a), (f). 5 App.: 2268(b). 5 App.: 2268(c). 5 App.: 2268(d). |
Sept. 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–205, §1(c), 79 Stat. 840. Nov. 1, 1965, Pub. L. 89–314, §1, 79 Stat. 1162. |

8340(e) 8340(f) |
5 App.: 2268(e). 5 App.: 2268(g). |
July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §507, 80 Stat. 302. |


In subsection (a), the words "Effective December 1, 1965 * * * before December 2, 1965," are substituted for "Effective the first day of the third month which begins after the date of enactment of this amendment * * * not later than such effective date." In clause (1), the words "month of July 1965" are substituted for "month latest published on date of enactment of this amendment" for clarity and since the July 1965 price index was the price index for the month latest published on September 27, 1965, the date of enactment of the amendment. The word "base" is inserted before "month of July 1965" for clarity and on authority of the second sentence of 5 U.S.C. App. 2268(a) which provided: "The month used in determining the increase based on the per centum rise in the price index under this subsection shall be the base month for determining the per centum change in the price index until the next succeeding increase occurs." In view of the foregoing and of the definition of "base month" in 5 U.S.C. 8331(16), the quoted sentence is omitted as executed and unnecessary. In clause (2), the words "before October 2, 1956," are substituted for "on or before October 1, 1956." In the second sentence, which is based on 5 App. U.S.C. 2268(f), the words "before January 1, 1966," are substituted for "not later than December 31, 1965." In clause (B), the words "Act of June 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 219)" are substituted for "Public Law 85–465" to conform to the style of title 5, United States Code.

In the first sentence of subsection (b), the words "after the first increase under this section," following "Each month," are omitted as executed and unnecessary.

In subsection (f), the words "September 1, 1966," are substituted for "the first day of the second month after the enactment of this subsection."

Section 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended to July 6, 1950, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is the predecessor of section 8338 of this title.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (g)(1)(B), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–251 substituted ", widower, or former spouse," for first reference to "or widower", and ", widower, former spouse, or insurable interest designee" for second and third references to "or widower".

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–270 substituted provisions defining term "base quarter" as meaning the calendar quarter ending Sept. 30 of a year and providing that the price index for a base quarter is the arithmetical mean of such index for the three months comprising such quarter for former provisions which had directed that, effective Dec. 1, 1965, each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date before Dec. 2, 1965, was increased by (1) the percent rise in the price index, adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent, determined by the Office of Personnel Management on the basis of the annual average price index for calendar year 1962 and the price index for the base month of July 1965; plus (2) 6½ percent if the commencing date (or in the case of the survivor of a deceased annuitant the commencing date of the annuity of the retired employee) occurred before Oct. 2, 1956, or 1½ percent if the commencing date (or in the case of the survivor of a deceased annuitant the commencing date of the annuity of the retired employee) occurred after Oct. 1, 1956, that each annuity payable from the Fund (other than the immediate annuity of an annuitant's survivor or of a child entitled under section 8341(e) of this title) having a commencing date after Dec. 1, 1965, but before Jan. 1, 1966, was increased from its commencing date as if the annuity commencing date were Dec. 1, 1965, and that each survivor annuity authorized by (A) section 8 of the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended to July 6, 1950, or (B) section 2 of the Act of June 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 219), was increased by any additional amount required to make the total increase under this subsection equal to the smaller of 15 percent or $10 a month.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–270 substituted "Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective December 1 of each year, each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such December 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index for the base quarter of such year over the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made, adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent" for "Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, effective March 1 of each year each annuity payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than such March 1 shall be increased by the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for December of the year prior to the preceding year, adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent".

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 98–369, §2201(b)(1), substituted "computed" for "computer".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 98–369, §2201(b)(2), substituted "not to exceed 12 months, counting" for "counting".

**1982**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–253, §304(a), substituted "rounded to the next lowest" for "fixed at the nearest".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–253, §309(a), added subsec. (g).

**1981**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–35, §1702(a), substituted provisions that except as provided in subsec. (c), the annuities payable from the Fund having a commencing date not later than March 1 of each year shall be increased by the percent change in the price index published for December of the preceding year over the price index published for December of the year prior to the preceding year, adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent, for provisions requiring the Office to determine on Jan. 1 and July 1 of each year the percent change in the price index based on the data for a six month period and to adjust the annuities in March and September of each year according to specified formula when there is a rise in the price index.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §1702(b), in opening provision inserted reference to the widow or widower of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been increased under this subsection or subsection (b) of this section, in par. (A) substituted "1/12" for "1/6", and in subpar. (B) designated existing provisions as item (i) and added item (ii).

**1980**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 96–499, substituted formula for computing the first increase to be made under subsec. (b) of this section to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, to the widow or widower of a deceased employee or Member for provisions that an annuity, except a deferred annuity under section 8338 of this title or any other provision of law, payable from the Fund to an employee or Member who retires, or to the widow or widower of a deceased employee or Member and having a commencing date after the effective date of the then last preceding annuity increase under subsec. (b) of this section shall not be less than the annuity which would have been payable if the commencing date of such annuity had been the effective date of the then last preceding annuity increase under subsec. (b) of this section and that employees or deceased employees were to be deemed, for purposes of section 8339(m) of this title to have to their credit, on the effective date of the last preceding increase under subsec. (b), unused sick leave equal to that unused sick leave to his credit on the date of separation from service.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–440, §1306(a), struck out "1 percent plus" after "shall be increased by".

Pub. L. 94–440, §1306(c)(1), substituted provisions requiring that Commission shall determine percent change in price index on Jan. 1 and July 1 of each year and effective Mar. 1 or Sept. 1, each annuity payable from Fund shall be increased by the computed percent change in the price index adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent, for provisions requiring that Commission shall determine percent change in price index on a monthly basis and effective the first day of the third month that begins after the price index change equals a rise of 3 percent for 3 consecutive months over the prior price index, each annuity payable from Fund shall be increased by the highest rise in the price index over those months adjusted to the nearest 1/10 of 1 percent.

**1975**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 94–126 substituted reference to "section 8339(m) of this title" for "section 8339(n) of this title".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "after October 31, 1969" for "on or after the first day of the first month that begins on or after the date of enactment of the Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969".

**1973**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–136 redesignated existing pars. (1) and (2) as pars. (2) and (3) and added par. (1).

**1969**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–93, §204(a), increased the annuity payable from the Fund by 1 percent.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 91–93, §204(b), increased the minimum survivor annuity for children of a deceased Federal employee, substituting dollar and percentage references to $900, $1,080, $2,700, $3,240, and 60 and 75 percent for prior references to $600, $720, $1,800, $2,160 and 40 and 50 percent respectively, such new increases to commence on or after the first day of the first month that begins on or after Oct. 20, 1969, the date of enactment of the Civil Service Retirement Amendments of 1969, whereas prior provisions were for computation of a child's annuity commencing after effective date of first increase under this section based on employee annuity that commenced after Oct. 1, 1956, or was payable at death.

Pub. L. 98–270, title II, §201(b), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 157, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 18, 1984], except that no adjustment under section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by such subsection), shall be made during the period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act and ending November 30, 1984.

"(2)(A) For purposes of the first adjustment under section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a)), the base quarter ending September 30, 1983, shall be considered to have been a base quarter in which an adjustment under such section (as so amended) was made.

"(B) As used in subparagraph (A), the term 'base quarter' has the meaning given such term by section 8340(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a))."

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §304(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8345 of this title] shall apply with respect to any annuity commencing on or after October 1, 1982, and with respect to any adjustment or redetermination of any annuity made on or after such date".

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §309(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 799, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall not cause any annuity to be reduced below the rate that is payable on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 8, 1982], but shall apply to any adjustment occurring on or after such date of enactment under section 8340 of title 5, United States Code, to any annuity payable from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, whether such annuity has a commencing date before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act."

Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1702(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 754, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1981] and shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after such date."

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §401(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2605, provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to annuities commencing after the 45th day after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980].

"(2) The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to any annuity increase which takes effect after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–440, title XIII, §1306(b), Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1462, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to any increase in annuities after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 1976]."

Pub. L. 94–440, §1306(c)(2), Oct. 1, 1976, 90 Stat. 1462, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (1) [amending this section] shall apply to any increase in annuities after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 1976], except that with respect to the first date after the date of enactment of this Act on which the Commission is to determine a percent change, such percent change shall be determined by computing the change in the price index published for the month immediately preceding such first date over the price index for the last month prior to the date of enactment of this Act for which the price index showed a percent rise forming the basis for a cost-of-living annuity increase under section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code [subsec. (b) of this section], as in effect immediately prior to the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 1, 1976]."

Pub. L. 93–136, §2, Oct. 24, 1973, 87 Stat. 490, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to annuities which commence on or after July 2, 1973."

Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §207(b), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 140, provided that: "The amendments made by section 204(a) of this Act to section 8340 of title 5, United States Code, shall apply only to annuity increases which become effective under such section 8340 after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1969]."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11001, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 408, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) section 8340(b) or 8462(b) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) section 826 or 858 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4066, 4071g]; or

"(3) section 291 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2131), as set forth in section 802 of the CIARDS Technical Corrections Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–496; 106 Stat. 3196).

"(b)

"(c)

Pub. L. 98–369, div. B, title II, §2201(a), July 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 1058, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, beginning with the monthly rate payable for December 1984, any annuity or retired or retirement pay payable under any retirement system for Government officers or employees which the President adjusts pursuant to section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code, shall be paid no earlier than the first business day of the succeeding month."

Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §301(a)–(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 790, 791, as amended by Pub. L. 98–270, title I, §201(c), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 158; Pub. L. 98–396, title I, Aug. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 1403, provided that:

"(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (3), the cost-of-living increase under any Government retirement system in annuity or retired or retainer pay of any early retiree taking effect in each of fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985, shall be equal to one-half of the assumed increase in the price index for that year.

"(2) For purposes of this subsection, an individual shall be considered to be an early retiree if—

"(A) the individual is under the age of 62 years as of the effective date of the cost-of-living increase involved (determined without regard to subsection (b));

"(B) the annuity or retired or retainer pay of the individual is not computed in whole or in part based on any disability of the individual; and

"(C) the annuity or retired or retainer pay of the individual is based upon the Government service of the individual.

"(3) If the percentage increase in the price index for fiscal year 1983, 1984, or 1985 (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code) exceeds the assumed increase in the price index for that year, then the increase in the annuity or retired or retainer pay of an early retiree under paragraph (1) taking effect in that fiscal year shall be equal to—

"(A) one-half of the assumed increase in the price index for that year, plus

"(B) the amount by which the percentage increase in the price index exceeds the assumed price index increase.

If the percentage increase in the price index for fiscal year 1985 (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code) is less than the assumed increase in the price index for that year, then the increase in the annuity or retired or retainer pay of an early retiree under paragraph (1) taking effect in that fiscal year shall be equal to the percentage increase in the price index for that year (as so determined).

"(4) As used in this subsection—

"(A) the term 'price index' has the meaning given such term in section 8331(15) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) the term 'assumed increase in the price index' means—

"(i) 6.6 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1983,

"(ii) 7.2 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1984, and

"(iii) 6.6 percent, in the case of fiscal year 1985.

"(5) The amount of any survivor annuity which is based on the service of any early retiree subject to this subsection shall be computed as if this subsection had not been enacted.

"(b) [Repealed. Pub. L. 98–270, title II, §201(c)(2), Apr. 18, 1984, 98 Stat. 158.]

"(c) For purposes of this section, the term 'cost-of-living increase under a Government retirement system' means any increase under—

"(1) section 8340(b) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) section 826 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4066];

"(3) the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1964 for Certain Employees ([former] 50 U.S.C. 403 note);

"(4) section 1401a(b) of title 10, United States Code; or

"(5) any other adjustment of any annuity under a retirement system for Government officers or employees which the President determines, by Executive order, is based on adjustments under any of the provisions referred to in the preceding paragraph."

See provisions of section 801(c) of Pub. L. 94–361, title VIII, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 929, set out as a note under section 1401a of Title 10, Armed Forces.

1 So in original. The comma probably should not appear.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) "widow" means the surviving wife of an employee or Member who—

(A) was married to him for at least 9 months immediately before his death; or

(B) is the mother of issue by that marriage;

(2) "widower" means the surviving husband of an employee or Member who—

(A) was married to her for at least 9 months immediately before her death; or

(B) is the father of issue by that marriage;

(3) "dependent", in the case of any child, means that the employee or Member involved was, at the time of the employee or Member's death, either living with or contributing to the support of such child, as determined in accordance with such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe; and

(4) "child" means—

(A) an unmarried dependent child under 18 years of age, including (i) an adopted child, and (ii) a stepchild but only if the stepchild lived with the employee or Member in a regular parent-child relationship, and (iii) a recognized natural child, and (iv) a child who lived with and for whom a petition of adoption was filed by an employee or Member, and who is adopted by the surviving spouse of the employee or Member after his death;

(B) such unmarried dependent child regardless of age who is incapable of self-support because of mental or physical disability incurred before age 18; or

(C) such unmarried dependent child between 18 and 22 years of age who is a student regularly pursuing a full-time course of study or training in residence in a high school, trade school, technical or vocational institute, junior college, college, university, or comparable recognized educational institution.

For the purpose of this paragraph and subsection (e) of this section, a child whose 22nd birthday occurs before July 1 or after August 31 of a calendar year, and while he is regularly pursuing such a course of study or training, is deemed to have become 22 years of age on the first day of July after that birthday. A child who is a student is deemed not to have ceased to be a student during an interim between school years if the interim is not more than 5 months and if he shows to the satisfaction of the Office of Personnel Management that he has a bona fide intention of continuing to pursue a course of study or training in the same or different school during the school semester (or other period into which the school year is divided) immediately after the interim.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, if an employee or Member dies after having retired under this subchapter and is survived by a widow or widower, the widow or widower is entitled to an annuity equal to 55 percent (or 50 percent if retired before October 11, 1962) of an annuity computed under section 8339(a)–(i), (n), (p), (q), (r), and (s) as may apply with respect to the annuitant, or of such portion thereof as may have been designated for this purpose under section 8339(j)(1) of this title, unless the right to a survivor annuity was waived under such section 8339(j)(1) or, in the case of remarriage, the employee or Member did not file an election under section 8339(j)(5)(C) or section 8339(k)(2) of this title, as the case may be.

(2) If an annuitant—

(A) who retired before April 1, 1948; or

(B) who elected a reduced annuity provided in paragraph (2) of section 8339(k) of this title;

dies and is survived by a widow or widower, the widow or widower is entitled to an annuity in an amount which would have been paid had the annuitant been married to the widow or widower at the time of retirement.

(3) A spouse acquired after retirement is entitled to a survivor annuity under this subsection only upon electing this annuity instead of any other survivor benefit to which he may be entitled under this subchapter or another retirement system for Government employees. The annuity of the widow or widower under this subsection commences on the day after the annuitant dies. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the widow or widower—

(A) dies; or

(B) except as provided in subsection (k), remarries before becoming 55 years of age.

(4) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this subsection, the annuity payable under this subsection to the widow or widower of a retired employee or Member may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the amount which would otherwise be payable to such widow or widower under this subsection (determined without regard to any waiver or designation under section 8339(j)(1) of this title or a prior similar provision of law), and

(B) the amount of the survivor annuity payable to any former spouse of such employee or Member under subsection (h) of this section.

(c) The annuity of a survivor named under section 8339(k)(1) of this title is 55 percent of the reduced annuity of the retired employee or Member. The annuity of the survivor commences on the day after the retired employee or Member dies. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the survivor dies.

(d) If an employee or Member dies after completing at least 18 months of civilian service, his widow or widower is entitled to an annuity equal to 55 percent of an annuity computed under section 8339(a)–(f), (i), (n), (p), (q), (r), and (s) as may apply with respect to the employee or Member, except that, in the computation of the annuity under such section, the annuity of the employee or Member shall be at least the smaller of—

(1) 40 percent of his average pay; or

(2) the sum obtained under such section after increasing his service of the type last performed by the period elapsing between the date of death and the date he would have become 60 years of age.

Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the annuity payable under this subsection to the widow or widower of an employee or Member may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the amount which would otherwise be payable to such widow or widower under this subsection, and

(B) the amount of the survivor annuity payable to any former spouse of such employee or Member under subsection (h) of this section.

The annuity of the widow or widower commences on the day after the employee or Member dies. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the widow or widower—

(i) dies; or

(ii) except as provided in subsection (k), remarries before becoming 55 years of age.

(e)(1) For the purposes of this subsection, "former spouse" includes a former spouse who was married to an employee or Member for less than 9 months and a former spouse of an employee or Member who completed less than 18 months of service covered by this subchapter.

(2) If an employee or Member dies after completing at least 18 months of civilian service, or an employee or Member dies after retiring under this subchapter, and is survived by a spouse or a former spouse who is the natural or adoptive parent of a surviving child of the employee or Member, that surviving child is entitled to an annuity equal to the smallest of—

(A) 60 percent of the average pay of the employee or Member divided by the number of children;

(B) $900; or

(C) $2,700 divided by the number of children;

subject to section 8340 of this title. If the employee or Member is not survived by a spouse or a former spouse who is the natural or adoptive parent of a surviving child of the employee or Member, that surviving child is entitled to an annuity equal to the smallest of—

(i) 75 percent of the average pay of the employee or Member divided by the number of children;

(ii) $1,080; or

(iii) $3,240 divided by the number of children;

subject to section 8340 of this title.

(3) The annuity of a child under this subchapter or under the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended from and after February 28, 1948, commences on the day after the employee or Member dies, or commences or resumes on the first day of the month in which the child later becomes or again becomes a student as described by subsection (a)(3) of this section, if any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the child—

(A) becomes 18 years of age unless he is then a student as described or incapable of self-support;

(B) becomes capable of self-support after becoming 18 years of age unless he is then such a student;

(C) becomes 22 years of age if he is then such a student and capable of self-support;

(D) ceases to be such a student after becoming 18 years of age unless he is then incapable of self-support; or

(E) dies or marries;

whichever first occurs. On the death of the surviving spouse or former spouse or termination of the annuity of a child, the annuity of any other child or children shall be recomputed and paid as though the spouse, former spouse, or child had not survived the employee or Member.

(4) If the annuity of a child under this subchapter terminates under paragraph (3)(E) because of marriage, then, if such marriage ends, such annuity shall resume on the first day of the month in which it ends, but only if—

(A) any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund; and

(B) that individual is not otherwise ineligible for such annuity.

(f) If a Member heretofore or hereafter separated from the service with title to deferred annuity from the Fund hereafter dies before having established a valid claim for annuity and is survived by a spouse to whom married at the date of separation, the surviving spouse—

(1) is entitled to an annuity equal to 55 percent of the deferred annuity of the Member commencing on the day after the Member dies and terminating on the last day of the month before the surviving spouse dies or remarries; or

(2) may elect to receive the lump-sum credit instead of annuity if the spouse is the individual who would be entitled to the lump-sum credit and files application therefor with the Office before the award of the annuity.

Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, an annuity payable under this subsection to the surviving spouse of a Member may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the annuity which would otherwise be payable to such surviving spouse under this subsection, and

(B) the amount of the survivor annuity payable to any former spouse of such Member under subsection (h) of this section.

(g) In the case of a surviving spouse whose annuity under this section is terminated because of remarriage before becoming 55 years of age, annuity at the same rate shall be restored commencing on the day the remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, or divorce, if—

(1) the surviving spouse elects to receive this annuity instead of a survivor benefit to which he may be entitled, under this subchapter or another retirement system for Government employees, by reason of the remarriage; and

(2) any lump sum paid on termination of the annuity is returned to the Fund.

(h)(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) through (5) of this subsection, a former spouse of a deceased employee, Member, annuitant, or former Member who was separated from the service with title to a deferred annuity under section 8338(b) of this title is entitled to a survivor annuity under this subsection, if and to the extent expressly provided for in an election under section 8339(j)(3) of this title, or in the terms of any decree of divorce or annulment or any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to such decree.

(2)(A) The annuity payable to a former spouse under this subsection may not exceed the difference between—

(i) the amount applicable in the case of such former spouse, as determined under subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, and

(ii) the amount of any annuity payable under this subsection to any other former spouse of the employee, Member, or annuitant, based on an election previously made under section 8339(j)(3) of this title, or a court order previously issued.

(B) The applicable amount, for purposes of subparagraph (A)(i) of this paragraph in the case of a former spouse, is the amount which would be applicable—

(i) under subsection (b)(4)(A) of this section in the case of a widow or widower, if the deceased was an employee or Member who died after retirement;

(ii) under subparagraph (A) of subsection (d) of this section in the case of a widow or widower, if the deceased was an employee or Member described in the first sentence of such subsection; or

(iii) under subparagraph (A) of subsection (f) of this section in the case of a surviving spouse, if the deceased was a Member described in the first sentence of such subsection.

(3) The commencement and termination of an annuity payable under this subsection shall be governed by the terms of the applicable order, decree, agreement, or election, as the case may be, except that any such annuity—

(A) shall not commence before—

(i) the day after the employee, Member, or annuitant dies, or

(ii) the first day of the second month beginning after the date on which the Office receives written notice of the order, decree, agreement, or election, as the case may be, together with such additional information or documentation as the Office may prescribe,

whichever is later, and

(B) shall terminate—

(i) except as provided in subsection (k), in the case of an annuity computed by reference to clause (i) or (ii) of paragraph (2)(B) of this subsection, no later than the last day of the month before the former spouse remarries before becoming 55 years of age or dies; or

(ii) in the case of an annuity computed by reference to clause (iii) of such paragraph, no later than the last day of the month before the former spouse remarries or dies.

(4) For purposes of this subchapter, a modification in a decree, order, agreement, or election referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be effective—

(A) if such modification is made after the retirement or death of the employee or Member concerned, and

(B) to the extent that such modification involves an annuity under this subsection.

(5) For purposes of this subchapter, a decree, order, agreement, or election referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be effective, in the case of a former spouse, to the extent that it is inconsistent with any joint designation or waiver previously executed with respect to such former spouse under section 8339(j)(1) of this title or a similar prior provision of law.

(6) Any payment under this subsection to a person bars recovery by any other person.

(7) As used in this subsection, "court" means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court.

(i) The requirement in subsections (a)(1)(A) and (a)(2)(A) of this section that the surviving spouse of an employee or Member have been married to such employee or Member for at least 9 months immediately before the employee or Member's death in order to qualify as the widow or widower of such employee or Member shall be deemed satisfied in any case in which the employee or Member dies within the applicable 9-month period, if—

(1) the death of the employee or Member was accidental; or

(2) the surviving spouse of such individual had been previously married to the individual and subsequently divorced, and the aggregate time married is at least 9 months.

(k)(1) 1 Subsections (b)(3)(B), (d)(ii), and (h)(3)(B)(i) (to the extent that they provide for termination of a survivor annuity because of a remarriage before age 55) shall not apply if the widow, widower, or former spouse was married for at least 30 years to the individual on whose service the survivor annuity is based.

(2) A remarriage described in paragraph (1) shall not be taken into account for purposes of section 8339(j)(5)(B) or (C) or any other provision of this chapter which the Office may by regulation identify in order to carry out the purposes of this subsection.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(80), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 91–93, title II, §206, Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 140; Pub. L. 91–658, §3, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1961; Pub. L. 92–243, §1, Mar. 9, 1972, 86 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 92–297, §7(4), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 93–260, §1(a), Apr. 9, 1974, 88 Stat. 76; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(36), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–317, §1(b), July 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 95–318, §2, July 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §338(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 96–179, §1, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §112, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3199; Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §§205–207, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15204(a)(2), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 335; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(7), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(63), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §633(a)(1)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–362; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §§516(a)(4), 518(a), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306, 1307; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(7)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–89.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2251(h)–(j). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 1(h)–(j)", 70 Stat. 744. Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1103(f)(A), 76 Stat. 871. |

(b)–(f) | 5 U.S.C. 2260. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 10", 70 Stat. 754. |

Aug. 27, 1958, Pub. L. 85–772, §1(b), (c), 72 Stat. 930. | ||

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–713, §1(a), 74 Stat. 813. | ||

Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87–793, §1103 (less (a) and (f)(A)), 76 Stat. 870, 871. |


In subsection (b), the words "designated for this purpose under section 8339(i) of this title" are substituted for "designated in writing for such purpose by the employee or Member at the time of retirement" in view of the provisions of section 8339(i).

In subsection (f), the words "heretofore or hereafter" are substituted "either prior to, on, or after the effective date of the Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments of 1956".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8341(a)(4) | 5 App.: 2251(j) (less last sentence). | Apr. 25, 1966, Pub. L. 89–407, §1 (words before 1st comma), 80 Stat. 131. July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §502, 80 Stat. 300. |

8341(b) (last sentence) | 5 App.: 2260(a)(2). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §506(a), 80 Stat. 301. |

8341(d) (last sentence) | 5 App.: 2260(c) (last sentence). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §506(b), 80 Stat. 301. |

8341(e) | 5 App.: 2260(d). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §506(c), 80 Stat. 301. |

8341(g) | 5 App.: 2260(f). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §506(d), 80 Stat. 302. |


In subsection (a)(4), the words "for the purposes of section 10(d)" are omitted as covered by the words "For the purpose of this section."

In clause (2) of the last sentence of subsection (b), the word "retired" is inserted before "Member" for clarity and to conform to the penultimate sentence and clause (1) of the last sentence.

In subsection (e), the words "any lump sum paid" are substituted for "the lump-sum credit, if paid" for clarity and consistency with subsection (g)(2).

In subsection (e)(2)(C), the words "capable of self-support" are substituted for "not incapable of self-support."

In subsection (g), the words "after July 18, 1966" are substituted for "hereafter." In clause (1), the word "he" is substituted for "he or she" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1. The words "another retirement system for Government employees" are substituted for "any other retirement system established for employees of the Government" for consistency with section 8101(1)(ii).

The Act of May 29, 1930, as amended from and after February 28, 1948, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is the predecessor of section 8338 of this title.

**2000**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (d). Pub. L. 106–553 substituted "(q), (r), and (s)" for "(q), and (r)".

**1997**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–61, §516(a)(4), substituted "(q), and (r)" for "and (q) of this title".

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(a)(2)(A), substituted "except as provided in subsection (k), remarries" for "remarries".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–61, §§516(a)(4), 518(a)(2)(A), substituted "(q), and (r)" for "and (q) of this title" in introductory provisions and "except as provided in subsection (k), remarries" for "remarries" in cl. (ii).

Subsec. (h)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(a)(2)(B), substituted "except as provided in subsection (k), in" for "in".

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(a)(1), added subsec. (k).

**1996**—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 104–208 added par. (4).

**1992**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (d). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "(p)," for "(o),".

**1990**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (d). Pub. L. 101–428 substituted "(n), (o), and (q)" for "(n), and (o)".

**1986**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (d). Pub. L. 99–272 substituted ", (n) and (o)" for "and (n)" in subsec. (b)(1), and "(n), and (o)" for "and (n)" in subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–251, §205, added par. (1), redesignated existing pars. (1) and (2) as (2) and (3), respectively, and in par. (2) as redesignated substituted "that surviving child" for "each surviving child" in two places.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 99–251, §206, substituted "annuitant, or former Member who was separated from the service with title to a deferred annuity under section 8338(b) of this title" for "or annuitant".

Subsec. (h)(4)(A). Pub. L. 99–251, §207, inserted "or death" after "retirement".

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (2)(A). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(A), substituted "9 months" for "1 year".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(B)(i), substituted "by a widow or widower, the widow or widower is entitled to an annuity equal to 55 percent (or 50 percent if retired before October 11, 1962)" for "by a spouse to whom he was married at the time of retirement, or by a widow or widower whom he married after retirement, the spouse, widow, or widower is entitled to an annuity equal to 55 percent, or 50 percent if retired before October 11, 1962" and "section 8339(j)(1) of this title, unless the right to a survivor annuity was waived under such section 8339(j)(1) or, in the case of remarriage, the employee or Member did not file an election under section 8339(j)(5)(C) or section 8339(k)(2) of this title, as the case may be" for "section 8339(j) of this title, unless the employee or Member has notified the Office in writing at the time of retirement that he does not desire any spouse surviving him to receive his annuity, or in the case of remarriage, he did not file an election under the third sentence of section 8339(j) of this title".

Pub. L. 98–353 substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(B)(ii), substituted "widow or widower" for "spouse, widow, or widower" wherever appearing in provisions preceding subpar. (A).

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(B)(iii), substituted "55 years of age" for "60 years of age".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(B)(iv), added par. (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(C)(i), inserted provision that the annuity payable under this subsection to the widow or widower of an employee or Member may not exceed the difference between the amount which would otherwise be payable to such widow or widower under this subsection and the amount of the survivor annuity payable to any former spouse of such employee or Member under subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 98–353 substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (d)(i). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(C)(ii), redesignated subpar. (A) as cl. (i).

Subsec. (d)(ii). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(C)(ii), redesignated subpar. (B) as cl. (ii) and substituted "55 years of age" for "60 years of age".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(D)(i), inserted "or a former spouse who is the natural or adoptive parent of a surviving child of the employee or Member" in provisions preceding subpar. (A) and following subpar. (C).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(D)(ii), substituted "surviving spouse or former spouse" for "surviving spouse" and "spouse, former spouse, or child" for "spouse or child" in provisions following subpar. (E).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(E), inserted provision that an annuity payable under this subsection to the surviving spouse of a Member may not exceed the difference between the annuity which would otherwise be payable to such surviving spouse under this subsection and the amount of the survivor annuity payable to any former spouse of such Member under subsec. (h) of this section in provisions following par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(F), substituted "55 years of age" for "60 years of age" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(4)(G), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 96–179, §1(1), struck out "and" after "marriage;".

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 96–179, §1(2), added par. (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96–179, §1(3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), substituted "unmarried dependent child" for "unmarried child" wherever appearing in subpars. (A), (B), and (C), substituted "but only if the stepchild" for "or recognized natural child who" in subpar. (A)(ii), and inserted "a recognized natural child, and (iv)" after "(iii)".

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(c)(1), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of section 8339 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Pub. L. 95–317 inserted provisions relating to failure to file an election under section 8339(j) of this title in the case of remarriage.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–598, §338(c)(2), inserted reference to subsec. (o) of section 8339 of this title.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–318 struck out "after July 18, 1966," after "terminated".

**1975**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "8339(k)(1)" for "8339(k)".

**1974**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A), (2)(A). Pub. L. 93–260 substituted "1 year" for "2 years".

**1972**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 92–243 added cl. (iii).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 92–297, §7(4)(i), substituted "section 8339(a)–(i)", "section 8339(j)", and "section 8339(k)" for "section 8339(a)–(h)", "section 8339(i)", and "section 8339(j)", respectively.

Pub. L. 92–297, §7(4)(ii), substituted "section 8339(k)" for "section 8339(j)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 92–297, §7(4)(iii), substituted "section 8339(a)–(f) and (i)" for "section 8339(a)–(e) and (h)".

**1971**—Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 91–658, §3(a), struck out par. (3) which defined "dependent widower", and redesignated par. (4) as (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–658, §3(b), designated existing first sentence as par. (1), and inserted exception phrase, provision for survival by widow or widower whom employee or Member marries after retirement, entitlement of widow or widower to 55 percent annuity (limited to 50 percent where retirement before Oct. 11, 1962), and substituted "any spouse surviving him" for "his spouse"; added par. (2); and added par. (3), first sentence, respecting entitlement to survivor annuity by a spouse acquired after retirement upon election from available survivor benefits, and designated as second and third sentences former second and third sentences, providing for widows and widowers and substituting "annuitant" for "retired employee or member".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–658, §3(c), substituted "his widow or widower" for "the widow or dependent widower of the employee or Member" in first sentence, struck out "or dependent" before "widower" in second sentence, and substituted in third sentence provision for termination of annuity where widow or widower dies or remarries before becoming 60 years of age for prior termination of annuity before widow or dependent widower dies, the dependent widower becomes capable of self-support, the widow or dependent widower of an employee remarries before becoming 60 years of age, or the widow or dependent widower of a member remarries.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 91–658, §3(d), substituted reference to "subsection (a)(3)" for "subsection (a)(4)".

**1969**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–93, §206(a), provided for entitlement to a survivor annuity after an 18 month rather than a 5 year period of civilian service and prescribed as the annuity the smaller of two computations when computing the annuity under section 8399 (a) to (e) and (h) of this title.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 91–93, §206(b), increased annuity of a surviving child, substituting "eighteen months" for "five years" of civilian service in par. (1), "60 percent", "$900", and "$2,700" for "40 percent", "$600", and "$1,800" in cls. (A), (B), and (C), respectively, and "75 percent", "$1,080", and "$3,240", for "50 percent", "$720", and "$2,160" in cls. (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by section 516(a) of Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 518(c) of Pub. L. 105–61 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8442 and 8445 of this title] shall apply with respect to remarriages occurring on or after January 1, 1995."

Section 101(f) [title VI, §633(b)] of Pub. L. 104–208 provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 8443 and 8908 of this title] shall apply with respect to any termination of marriage taking effect before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], except that benefits shall be payable only with respect to amounts accruing for periods beginning on the first day of the month beginning after the later of such termination of marriage or such date of enactment."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–272 effective with respect to service performed on or after Apr. 7, 1986, see section 15204(b) of Pub. L. 99–272, as amended, set out as a note under section 8339 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–615, §4, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3204, as amended by Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §201(a)–(c), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 20, 22; Pub. L. 99–549, §9(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3065; Pub. L. 99–556, title V, §501(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3139; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §127, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1758, provided that:

"(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (3), (4), (5), and (6) and subsections (b) and (c), the amendments made by section 2 of this Act [amending this section and sections 8331, 8334, 8339, 8342, 8345, and 8348 of this title] shall take effect May 7, 1985, and shall apply—

"(A) to any individual who, on or after such date, is married to an employee or Member who, on or after such date, retires, dies, or applies for a refund of contributions under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, and

"(B) to any individual who, as of such date, is married to a retired employee or Member,

unless (i) such employee or Member has waived, under the first sentence of section 8339(j)(1) of such title (or a similar prior provision of law), the right of that individual's spouse to receive a survivor annuity, or (ii) in the case of a post-retirement marriage or remarriage, an election has not been made before such date by such employee or Member with respect to such individual under the applicable provisions of section 8339(j)(1) or 8339(k)(2) of such title, as the case may be (or a similar prior provision of law).

"(2) Except as provided in subsection (f), the amendments made by section 3 of this Act [amending sections 8901 to 8903, 8905, 8907, 8909, and 8913 of this title] shall take effect May 7, 1985, and shall apply to any individual who, on or after such date, is married to an employee or annuitant.

"(3) The amendments made by subparagraphs (B)(iii) and (C)(ii) of section 2(4) of this Act [amending section 8341 of this title] (relating to the termination of survivor benefits for a widow or widower who remarries before age 55) and the amendments made by subparagraph (F) of such section 2(4) [amending section 8341 of this title] (relating to the restoration of a survivor annuity upon the dissolution of such a remarriage) shall apply—

"(A) in the case of a remarriage occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1984]; and

"(B) with respect to periods beginning on or after such date.

"(4)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amendment made by section 2(3)(A) of this Act [amending section 8339 of this title] (but only to the extent that it amends title 5, United States Code, by adding a new section 8339(j)(5)(C)) and the amendment made by section 2(3)(C) of this Act [amending section 8339 of this title] (which relate to the election of a survivor annuity for a spouse in the case of a post-retirement marriage or remarriage) shall apply—

"(i) to an employee or Member who retires before, on, or after May 7, 1985; and

"(ii) in the case of a marriage occurring on or after May 7, 1985.

"(B) The amendments referred to in subparagraph (A) shall not apply in the case of a marriage of an employee or Member retiring before May 7, 1985, if the marriage occurred after May 6, 1985, and before the date of the enactment of the Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1986 [Feb. 27, 1986].

"(C) Any election by an employee or Member described in subparagraph (B) to provide a survivor annuity for that individual's spouse by a marriage described in such subparagraph shall be effective if made in accordance with the applicable provisions of section 8339(j)(1) or 8339(k)(2) of title 5, United States Code, as the case may be, as in effect on May 6, 1985.

"(5)(A) Paragraphs (3), (4), and (5)(B) of section 8339(j) of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 2(3)(A) of this Act), shall apply in the case of a former spouse of an employee or Member whose marriage to such employee or Member terminated before May 7, 1985, if such employee or Member retires on or after such date. The paragraphs referred to in the preceding sentence shall so apply only insofar as they relate to an election to provide a survivor annuity for a former spouse.

"(B)(i) The requirement described in clause (ii) shall not apply to an election made by an employee or Member under section 8339(j)(3) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by section 2(3)(A) of this Act), in order to provide a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of such title (as amended by section 2(4)(G) of this Act) in the case of a former spouse referred to in subparagraph (A) if the election meets the requirements of clause (iii).

"(ii) The requirement referred to in clause (i) is the requirement prescribed in section 8339(j)(3) of title 5, United States Code, for an employee or Member to make an election in the case of a former spouse under such section 8339(j)(3) at the time of retirement or, if later, within 2 years after the date on which the marriage of the former spouse to the employee or Member is dissolved.

"(iii) Clause (i) applies to an election which is made by an employee or Member who retires on or after May 7, 1985, and before the date of the enactment of the Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1986 [Feb. 27, 1986], and is received by the Office of Personnel Management within the 2-year period beginning on the date of the enactment of such Act.

"(C) A survivor annuity shall be paid a former spouse as provided in section 8341(h) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by section 2(4)(G) of this Act), pursuant to an election made in the case of such former spouse under this paragraph.

"(D) The amendments made by paragraphs (6) and (7) of section 2 of this Act [amending sections 8345 and 8348 of this title] shall apply in the case of survivor annuities and elections authorized by this paragraph.

"(6) The amendment made by section 2(4)(A) of this Act [amending section 8341 of this title] (relating to the definition of a widow or widower) and the amendment made by section 2(4)(G) of this Act (but only to the extent that it amends title 5, United States Code, by adding a new section 8341(i)) shall apply with respect to any marriage occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1984].

"(b)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1) of this section, a former spouse of an employee or Member who retired before May 7, 1985, or who died after becoming eligible to retire and before such date, is entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act, if—

"(A) the retired employee or Member elects, in writing, within eighteen months after the date of enactment of this Act, according to procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, to have the annuity of such employee or Member reduced under section 8339(j) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act, and, except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, to deposit in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund an amount determined by the Office, as nearly as may be administratively feasible, to reflect the amount by which such employee or Member's annuity would have been reduced had the reduction been in effect since such employee or Member's annuity commenced, plus interest computed at the annual rate of six percent for each year during which the annuity would have been reduced if the election had been in effect on and after the date the annuity commenced; or

"(B) where the employee or Member dies or died on or before the one hundred and eightieth day after the date of enactment of this Act or does not make the election described in subparagraph (A)—

"(i) the former spouse's marriage to the employee or Member was dissolved after September 14, 1978, and before May 8, 1987;

"(ii) the former spouse was married to the employee or Member for at least ten years during periods of creditable service under section 8332 of title 5, United States Code;

"(iii) the former spouse has not remarried before age fifty-five after September 14, 1978;

"(iv) the former spouse files an application for the survivor annuity with the Office on or before May 7, 1989; and

"(v) the former spouse is at least fifty years of age on May 7, 1987.

A survivor annuity under subparagraph (B) shall commence on the day after the employee or Member dies or the first day of the second month after the former spouse's application is received by the Office, whichever occurs later.

"(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), if a retired employee or Member who makes an election under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) does not make the deposit required by such subparagraph, the Office shall collect the amount of the deposit by offset against the employee or Member's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 per centum of the net annuity otherwise payable to the employee or Member, and the employee or Member is deemed to consent to such offset.

"(3) An election made by an individual under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) of this subsection to provide a survivor annuity for any person prospectively voids any election previously made by such individual with respect to such person under section 8339(k)(1) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act, or any similar prior provision of law. Notwithstanding the provisions of such subparagraph (A), an individual who made such an election under such section 8339(k)(1) (or prior provision) shall not be required to make the deposit described in such subparagraph.

"(4)(A) A former spouse of an employee or Member referred to in the matter before subparagraph (A) in paragraph (1) of this section shall be entitled to a survivor annuity under subparagraph (B) of such paragraph if—

"(i) the former spouse satisfies the requirements of clauses (ii) through (v) of such subparagraph (B); and

"(ii) there is no surviving spouse of the employee or Member and no other former spouse of such employee or Member who is entitled to receive a survivor annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, based on the service of such employee or Member which is creditable under such subchapter and there is no other person who has been designated to receive a survivor annuity under such subchapter by reason of an insurable interest in such employee or Member.

"(B) For the purposes of this paragraph, the term 'surviving spouse' means a widow or a widower as defined in paragraphs (1) and (2), respectively, of section 8341(a) of title 5, United States Code.

"(5) A survivor annuity provided under this subsection shall be 55 per centum of the annuity of the retired employee or Member (or of that portion of the annuity which such employee or Member may have designated for this purpose under paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection), as determined under section 8339(a)–(i) and (n) of title 5, United States Code, increased by—

"(A) the total percent increase the retired employee or Member was receiving under section 8340 of such title at death, or

"(B) in the case of a retired employee or Member whose date of death precedes the one hundred and eightieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1984], the total percent increase the retired employee or Member would have received under such section 8340 had such individual died on the one hundred and eightieth day after such date of enactment,

and shall not be subject to reduction under section 8341(h)(2) of such title, as amended by this Act.

"(c) Notwithstanding subsection (a)(1) of this section, an employee or Member who retired before the one hundred and eightieth day after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 8, 1984] and who is married to a spouse acquired after retirement for whom such employee or Member was unable to provide a survivor annuity because—

"(1) the employee or Member was married at the time of retirement and elected not to provide a survivor annuity for the employee or Member's spouse at the time of retirement, or

"(2) the employee or Member failed to notify the Office of the employee or Member's post-retirement marriage within one year after the marriage,

may elect in writing, within one year after the date of enactment of this Act, in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Office, to provide for a survivor annuity for such spouse under section 8341(b) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act, to have the retired employee or Member's annuity reduced under section 8339(j) of such title, as so amended, and to deposit in the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund an amount determined by the Office, as nearly as may be administratively feasible, to reflect the amount by which such employee or Member's annuity would have been reduced had the election been continuously in effect since the annuity commenced, plus interest. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, the annual rate of interest for each year during which the annuity would have been reduced if the election had been in effect on and after the date the annuity commenced shall be 6 percent. If the retired employee or Member does not make such deposit, the Office shall collect such amount by offset against such employee or Member's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the net annuity otherwise payable to such employee or Member, and such employee or Member is deemed to consent to such offset. The Office shall provide for general public notice of the right to make an election under this subsection. In cases to which paragraph (2) of this subsection applies, the retired employee or Member shall provide the Office with such documentation as the Office shall decide is appropriate, that such employee or Member attempted to elect a reduced annuity with survivor benefit for such employee or Member's current spouse and that such employee or Member's election was rejected by the Office because it was untimely filed.

"(d) A deposit required by subsection (b)(1)(A) or (c) of this section may be made by the surviving former spouse or spouse, as applicable, of the retired employee or Member.

"(e) The Office shall determine at the end of each fiscal year—

"(1) the cost of survivor annuities provided under subsections (b) and (c) of this section, less an amount determined appropriate by the Office to reflect the value of any deposits made under subsection (b)(1)(A), (c), or (d), and

"(2) the cost of administering subsections (b) and (c).

The Office shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amounts so determined. The Secretary of the Treasury, before closing the account for the fiscal year in question, shall credit to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, such amounts, which shall be available in the same manner as provided under subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 8348(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act.

"(f) Any individual—

"(1) who is entitled to a survivor annuity under subsection (b) of this section or pursuant to an election authorized by reason of the application of subsection (a)(5) of this section,

"(2) as to whom a court order or decree referred to in section 8345(j) of title 5, United States Code (or similar provision of law under a retirement system for Government employees other than the Civil Service Retirement System) has been issued before May 7, 1985, or

"(3) who is entitled (other than as described in paragraph (2)) to an annuity or any portion of an annuity as a former spouse under a retirement system for Government employees as of May 7, 1985,

shall be considered to have satisfied section 8901(10)(C) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act. Notwithstanding subsection (a)(2) of this section, any such individual who otherwise meets the definition of a former spouse under section 8901 of title 5, United States Code, as so amended, may, within 12 months after the date of the enactment of the Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1986 [Feb. 27, 1986], enroll in an approved health benefits plan described by section 8903 of such title, under the conditions set forth in section 8905(c) of such title, as so amended (other than the conditions prescribed in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (1) of such section 8905(c)).

"(g)(1) For purposes of subsections (a)(1), (b), (c), (d), and (e), 'employee', 'Member', and 'former spouse' each has the meaning given that term under section 8331 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this Act.

"(2) For purposes of subsection (a)(2), 'employee' and 'annuitant' each has the meaning given that term under section 8901 of title 5, United States Code.

"(h) Section 827 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4067] and section 292 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees [former 50 U.S.C. 403 note] shall not apply with respect to either the amendments made by section 2 [amending sections 8331, 8334, 8339, 8341, 8342, 8345, and 8348 of this title] or the preceding provisions of this section."

[Section 501(b) of Pub. L. 99–556 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending note above] shall be effective as of May 7, 1985."]

[Section 9(b) of Pub. L. 99–549 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending note above] shall be effective as of May 7, 1985."]

[The Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees, referred to in Pub. L. 98–615, set out above, is Pub. L. 88–643, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1043, which was revised generally by Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §802, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3196, is known as the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act and is classified generally to chapter 38 (§2001 et seq.) of Title 50, War and National Defense.]

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section 5(a) of Pub. L. 96–179 provided that: "The amendments made by the first section [amending this section] and section 2 of this Act [amending section 8901 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 1980], except that no benefits under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, made available by reason of such amendments shall be payable for any period before October 1, 1979."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 3 of Pub. L. 95–318 provided that: "The foregoing provisions of this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect on—

"(1) the first day of the month following the date of the enactment of this Act [July 10, 1978], or

"(2) October 1, 1978,

whichever date is later."

For effective date of amendment by Pub. L. 95–317 as first day of first month which begins on or after date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–317, which was approved July 10, 1978, or Oct. 1, 1978, whichever is later, and provisions respecting eligibility of an individual to a survivor annuity, or the reduction therefor, see section 4 of Pub. L. 95–317, set out as a note under section 8339 of this title.

Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 93–260 provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall not apply in the cases of employees, Members, or annuitants who died before the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 9, 1974]. The rights of such individuals and their survivors shall continue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 92–243 provided that: "The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] is effective upon enactment [Mar. 9, 1972]. Upon application to the Civil Service Commission, it also applies to a child of an employee or Member who died or retired before such date of enactment [Mar. 9, 1972] but no annuity shall be paid by reason of the amendment for any period prior to the date of enactment."

Section 2 of Pub. L. 91–189 provided that: "The provisions of section 8341(e) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 206(b) of Public Law 91–93 (83 Stat. 140), shall be effective as of October 20, 1969."

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–93 inapplicable in cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to Oct. 20, 1969, their rights and of their survivors continued as if such amendment had not been enacted, see section 207(a) of Pub. L. 91–93 set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Section 207(c) of Pub. L. 91–93 provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by section 206(b) of this Act [amending this section] shall become effective on the first day of the first month which begins on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1969].

"(2) The annuity of each surviving child who, immediately prior to the effective date of such amendment [amending this section] is receiving an annuity under section 8341(e) of title 5, United States Code, or under a comparable provision of any prior law, or who hereafter becomes entitled to receive annuity under the Act of May 29, 1930, as amended from and after February 28, 1948, shall be recomputed effective on such date, or computed from commencing date if later, in accordance with such amendment. No increase allowed and in force prior to such date shall be included in the computation or recomputation of any such annuity. This paragraph shall not operate to reduce any annuity."

Section 201(d) of Pub. L. 99–251 provided that:

"(1) Notwithstanding the time limitation prescribed in subparagraph (A) of section 4(b)(1) of the Civil Service Retirement Spouse Equity Act of 1984 [Pub. L. 98–615, §4(b)(1)(A), set out as a note above], an election may be made under such subparagraph before the expiration of the 12-month period beginning on the date on which the regulations under paragraph (3) of this subsection first take effect.

"(2) Any retired employee or Member who has made an election under section 4(b)(1)(A) of the Civil Service Retirement Spouse Equity Act of 1984 [set out as a note above] (as in effect at the time of such election) before the regulations under paragraph (3) of this subsection become effective may modify such election by designating, in writing, that only a portion of such employee or Member's annuity is to be used as the base for the survivor annuity for the former spouse for whom the election was made. A modification under this subparagraph shall be subject to the deadline under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

"(3) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection, including regulations under which an appropriate refund shall be made in the case of a modification under paragraph (2) of this subsection."

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95–318, eff. Oct. 1, 1978, provided that:

"(a) Upon application to the Civil Service Commission, the annuity of—

"(1) a surviving spouse of an employee which was terminated under the provisions of section 8341 (b) or (d) of title 5, United States Code, or of any prior applicable law, because of the remarriage of such spouse before July 18, 1966, and

"(2) a surviving spouse of a Member who died before January 8, 1971, which was terminated under any such provision, because of the remarriage of such spouse,

shall be restored in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.

"(b)(1) In the case of a remarriage occurring after the surviving spouse became sixty years of age, the annuity shall be restored to such spouse under subsection (a) of this section only if any lump sum paid on termination of the annuity is returned to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. If such amount is paid, the annuity shall be so restored commencing on the effective date of this section at the rate which would have been in effect if the annuity had not been terminated.

"(2) In the case of a remarriage occurring before the surviving spouse became sixty years of age, the annuity shall be restored to such spouse under subsection (a) of this section only if—

"(A) such spouse elects to receive this annuity instead of a survivor benefit to which the spouse may be entitled under subchapter III of chapter 83 of such title 5 or under another retirement system for Government employees by reason of the marriage; and

"(B) any lump sum paid on termination of the annuity is returned to such fund.

If the requirements of the preceding sentence are satisfied, such annuity shall be so restored commencing on the effective date of this section or on the first day of the month following the date the remarriage is dissolved by death, annulment, or divorce, whichever date is later, at the rate which was in effect when the annuity was terminated."

Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 93–273, Apr. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 93, provided that: "In lieu of any increase based on an increase under subsection (a) of this section, an annuity payable from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund to the surviving spouse of an employee, Member, or annuitant, which is based on a separation occurring prior to October 20, 1969 shall be increased by $132."

Section 3 of Pub. L. 93–273, Apr. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 93 provided in part that annuity increases under this pension shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after Apr. 26, 1974, but that no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to the first day of the first month which begins on or after the ninetieth day after Apr. 26, 1974, or the date on which the annuity commences, whichever is later. See section 3 of Pub. L. 93–273, set out as a note under section 8345 of this title.

Section 205 of Pub. L. 91–93 provided that: "The provisions of subsection (b)(1), (d)(3), and (g) of section 8341 of title 5, United States Code, also shall apply in the case of any widow or widower—

"(1) of an employee who died, retired, or was otherwise finally separated before July 18, 1966;

"(2) who shall have remarried on or after such date; and

"(3) who, immediately before such remarriage, was receiving annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund;

except that no annuity shall be paid by reason of this section for any period prior to the enactment of this section. No annuity shall be terminated solely by reason of the enactment of this section. Notwithstanding the prohibition contained in the first sentence of this section on the payment of annuity for any period prior to the enactment of this section, in any case in which the Civil Service Commission determines that—

"(1) the remarriage of any widow or widower described in such sentence was entered into by the widow or widower in good faith and in reliance on erroneous information provided by Government authority prior to that remarriage that the then existing survivor annuity of the widow or widower would not be terminated because of the remarriage; and

"(2) such annuity was terminated by law because of that remarriage;

then payment of annuity may be made by reason of this section in such case, beginning as of the effective date of the termination because of the remarriage."

1 So in original. No subsec. (j) has been enacted.

(a) Subject to subsection (j) of this section, an employee or Member who—

(1)(A) is separated from the service for at least thirty-one consecutive days; or

(B) is transferred to a position in which he is not subject to this subchapter, or chapter 84 of this title, and remains in such a position for at least thirty-one consecutive days;

(2) files an application with the Office of Personnel Management for payment of the lump-sum credit;

(3) is not reemployed in a position in which he is subject to this subchapter, or chapter 84 of this title, at the time he files the application; and

(4) will not become eligible to receive an annuity within thirty-one days after filing the application,

is entitled to be paid the lump-sum credit. Except as provided in section 8343a or 8334(d)(2) of this title, the receipt of the payment of the lump-sum credit by the employee or Member voids all annuity rights under this subchapter based on the service on which the lump-sum credit is based, until the employee or Member is reemployed in the service subject to this subchapter. In applying this subsection to an employee or Member who becomes subject to chapter 84 (other than by an election under title III of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986) and who, while subject to such chapter, files an application with the Office for a payment under this subsection—

(i) entitlement to payment of the lump-sum credit shall be determined without regard to paragraph (1) or (3) if, or to the extent that, such lump-sum credit relates to service of a type described in clauses (i) through (iii) of section 302(a)(1)(C) of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986; and

(ii) if, or to the extent that, the lump-sum credit so relates to service of a type referred to in clause (i), it shall (notwithstanding section 8331(8)) consist of—

(I) the amount by which any unrefunded amount described in section 8331(8)(A) or (B) relating to such service, exceeds 1.3 percent of basic pay for such service; and

(II) interest on the amount payable under subclause (I), computed in a manner consistent with applicable provisions of section 8331(8).

(b) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, a present or former employee or Member may designate a beneficiary or beneficiaries for the purpose of this subchapter.

(c) Lump-sum benefits authorized by subsections (d)–(f) of this section shall be paid to the person or persons surviving the employee or Member and alive at the date title to the payment arises in the following order of precedence, and the payment bars recovery by any other person:

First, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries designated by the employee or Member in a signed and witnessed writing received in the Office before his death. For this purpose, a designation, change, or cancellation of beneficiary in a will or other document not so executed and filed has no force or effect.

Second, if there is no designated beneficiary, to the widow or widower of the employee or Member.

Third, if none of the above, to the child or children of the employee or Member and descendants of deceased children by representation.

Fourth, if none of the above, to the parents of the employee or Member or the survivor of them.

Fifth, if none of the above, to the duly appointed executor or administrator of the estate of the employee or Member.

Sixth, if none of the above, to such other next of kin of the employee or Member as the Office determines to be entitled under the laws of the domicile of the employee or Member at the date of his death.

For the purpose of this subsection, "child" includes a natural child and an adopted child, but does not include a stepchild.

(d) If an employee or Member dies—

(1) without a survivor; or

(2) with a survivor or survivors and the right of all survivors terminates before a claim for survivor annuity is filed;

or if a former employee or Member not retired dies, the lump-sum credit shall be paid.

(e) If all annuity rights under this subchapter based on the service of a deceased employee or Member terminate before the total annuity paid equals the lump-sum credit, the difference shall be paid.

(f) If an annuitant dies, annuity accrued and unpaid shall be paid.

(g) Annuity accrued and unpaid on the termination, except by death, of the annuity of an annuitant or survivor annuitant shall be paid to that individual. Annuity accrued and unpaid on the death of a survivor annuitant shall be paid in the following order of precedence, and the payment bars recovery by any other person:

First, to the duly appointed executor or administrator of the estate of the survivor annuitant.

Second, if there is no executor or administrator, payment may be made, after 30 days from the date of death of the survivor annuitant, to such next of kin of the survivor annuitant as the Office determines to be entitled under the laws of the domicile of the survivor annuitant at the date of his death.

(h) Amounts deducted and withheld from the basic pay of an employee or Member from the first day of the first month which begins after he has performed sufficient service (excluding service which the employee or Member elects to eliminate for the purpose of annuity computation under section 8339 of this title) to entitle him to the maximum annuity provided by section 8339 of this title, together with interest on the amounts at the rate of 3 percent a year compounded annually from the date of the deductions to the date of retirement or death, shall be applied toward any deposit due under section 8334 of this title, and any balance not so required is deemed a voluntary contribution for the purpose of section 8343 of this title.

(i) An employee who—

(1) is separated from the service before July 12, 1960; and

(2) continues in the service after July 12, 1960, without break in service of 1 workday or more;

is entitled to the benefits of subsection (h) of this section.

(j)(1)(A) Payment of the lump-sum credit under subsection (a) may be made only if the spouse, if any, and any former spouse of the employee or Member are notified of the employee or Member's application.

(B) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which the lump-sum credit shall not be paid without the consent of a spouse or former spouse of the employee or Member where the Office has received such additional information and documentation as the Office may require that—

(i) a court order bars payment of the lump-sum credit in order to preserve the court's ability to award an annuity under section 8341(h) or section 8345(j); or

(ii) payment of the lump-sum credit would extinguish the entitlement of the spouse or former spouse, under a court order on file with the Office, to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) or to any portion of an annuity under section 8345(j).

(2)(A) Notification of a spouse or former spouse under this subsection shall be made in accordance with such requirements as the Office shall by regulation prescribe.

(B) Under the regulations, the Office may provide that paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection may be waived with respect to a spouse or former spouse if the employee or Member establishes to the satisfaction of the Office that the whereabouts of such spouse or former spouse cannot be determined.

(3) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which this subsection shall be applied in any case in which the Office receives two or more such orders or decrees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 579; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(81), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §303(c), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 794; Pub. L. 97–346, §3(f), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(5), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3201; Pub. L. 99–251, title II, §208, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 25; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §§204(b)(2), 207(h), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 592, 596; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §105(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(b)(2)(D), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–329; Pub. L. 106–361, §3(a), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1402.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2261. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 11" 70 Stat. 755. | |

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–622, §1(a), 74 Stat. 409. | ||

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §3, 75 Stat. 771. |


In subsection (a), the words "before October 1, 1956" are substituted for "prior to the effective date of the Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments of 1956" on authority of §406 of the Act of July 31, 1956, ch. 804, 70 Stat. 761.

In subsection (g), the words "the expiration of" are omitted as surplusage.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8342(a) | [No source]. | [No source.] |

8342(c) | 5 App.: 2261(c). | Mar. 23, 1966, Pub. L. 89–373, §2, 80 Stat. 78. |

5 App.: 2251(j) (last sentence). | Apr. 25, 1966, Pub. L. 89–407, §1 (less words before 1st comma), 80 Stat. 131. |


In subsection (a), the amendment is made for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to the subchapter.

In the last sentence of subsection (c), the words "this subsection" are substituted for "section 11" to reflect the codification of title 5, United States Code.

The Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 99–335, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 514. Title III of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 amended sections 3121 and 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and section 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 8331, 8401, 8432, and 8472 of this title and section 6103 of Title 26, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. Section 302 of that Act is set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8401 of this title and Tables.

**2000**—Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 106–361 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Payment of the lump-sum credit under subsection (a) of this section—

"(A) may be made only if any current spouse and any former spouse of the employee or Member are notified of the employee or Member's application; and

"(B) shall be subject to the terms of a court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation or any court order or court approved property settlement agreement incident to such decree if—

"(i) the decree, order, or agreement expressly relates to any portion of the lump-sum credit involved; and

"(ii) payment of the lump-sum credit would extinguish entitlement of the employee's or Member's spouse or former spouse to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title or to any portion of an annuity under section 8345(j) of this title."

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508 inserted "or 8334(d)(2)" after "8343a" in second sentence.

**1988**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–238 amended last sentence of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, last sentence read as follows: "In applying this subsection with respect to an employee or Member who becomes subject to chapter 84 of this title, entitlement to payment of the lump-sum credit shall be determined without regard to paragraph (1) or (3) if, and to the extent that, such lump-sum credit relates to service of a type described in clauses (i) through (iii) of section 302(a)(1)(C) of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986."

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted ", or chapter 84 of this title," in pars. (1)(B) and (3), substituted "Except as provided in section 8343a of this title, the" for "The" in second sentence, and inserted provisions regarding entitlement by an employee or Member who becomes subject to chapter 84 of this title to payment of a lump-sum credit.

Subsec. (j)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–251 amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "in any case in which there is a former spouse, shall be subject to the terms of a court order or decree issued with respect to such former spouse if—

"(i) the order or decree expressly relates to any portion of the lump-sum credit involved, and

"(ii) payment of the lump-sum credit would extinguish entitlement of the former spouse to a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) of this title or to any portion of an annuity under section 8345(j) of this title."

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(5)(A), substituted "Subject to subsection (j) of this section, an" for "An" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(5)(B), added subsec. (j).

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–346 substituted "such a position" for "such position" in par. (1)(B).

Pub. L. 97–253, §303(c), substituted provisions that an employee or Member who is separated from the service for at least 31 consecutive days or is transferred to a position in which he is not subject to this subchapter for 31 days, and who files an application with the Office of Personnel Management for payment of a lump-sum credit, is not reemployed in a position subject to this subchapter at the time of filing, and will not be eligible for an annuity within 31 days of filing, is entitled to be paid the lump-sum credit and upon receipt of such payment, all annuity rights based on the service upon which the credit is based are voided until reemployment under this subchapter occurs for provisions that such employee or Member who was separated from the service, or was transferred to a position in which he did not continue subject to this subchapter, was entitled to be paid the lump-sum credit if his separation or transfer occurred and application for payment was filed with the Office of Personnel Management at least 31 days before the earliest commencing date of any annuity for which he was eligible, that the receipt of payment of the lump-sum credit by the individual voided all annuity rights under this subchapter until he was reemployed in the service subject to this subchapter, and that this subsection also applied to an employee or Member separated before October 1, 1956, after completing at least 20 years of civilian service.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c), (g). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 effective with respect to any annuity having a commencement date later than Dec. 1, 1990, see section 7001(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Section 303(d)(2) of Pub. L. 97–253 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (c) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1982."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–504, §2, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2741, provided that: "A present or former justice or judge of the United States, as defined by section 451 of title 28, United States Code, who, prior to the effective date of this section [Dec. 5, 1980], voided his right to receive an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of title 5, United States Code, by applying for and receiving a refund of his lump-sum credit while serving as such a justice or judge may, upon application filed with the Office of Personnel Management within one year following the effective date of this section, redeposit such refund with interest computed under section 8334(e) of such title 5 and thereby reestablish his right to receive an annuity under such subchapter effective on the date he otherwise was eligible to receive an annuity. The surviving spouse of any such justice or judge who dies before the effective date of this section may apply to make such redeposit within one year following the effective date of this section and receive both (1) the amount of the annuity which the justice or judge would have been entitled to receive before his death had application been made by him for the annuity and (2) any survivor annuity the justice or judge could have provided under the provisions of law in effect at the time of separation from the service on which title to the annuity is based."

(a) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an employee or Member may voluntarily contribute additional sums in multiples of $25, but the total may not exceed 10 percent of his basic pay for creditable service after July 31, 1920. The voluntary contribution account in each case is the sum of unrefunded contributions, plus interest at 3 percent a year through December 31, 1984, and thereafter at the rate computed under section 8334(e) of this title, compounded annually to—

(1) the date of payment under subsection (d) of this section, separation, or transfer to a position in which he does not continue subject to this subchapter, whichever is earliest; or

(2) the commencing date fixed for a deferred annuity or date of death, whichever is earlier, in the case of an individual who is separated with title to deferred annuity and does not claim the voluntary contribution account.

(b) The voluntary contribution account is used to purchase at retirement an annuity in addition to the annuity otherwise provided. For each $100 in the voluntary contribution account, the additional annuity consists of $7, increased by 20 cents for each full year, if any, the employee or Member is over 55 years of age at the date of retirement.

(c) A retiring employee or Member may elect a reduced additional annuity instead of the additional annuity described by subsection (b) of this section and designate in writing an individual to receive after his death an annuity of 50 percent of his reduced additional annuity. The additional annuity of the employee or Member making the election is reduced by 10 percent, and by 5 percent for each full 5 years the individual designated is younger than the retiring employee or Member. However, the total reduction may not exceed 40 percent.

(d) A present or former employee or Member is entitled to be paid the voluntary contribution account if he files application for payment with the Office before receiving an additional annuity. An individual who has been paid the voluntary contribution account may not again deposit additional sums under this section until, after a separation from the service of more than 3 calendar days, he again becomes subject to this subchapter.

(e) If a present or former employee or Member not retired dies, the voluntary contribution account is paid under section 8342(c) of this title. If all additional annuities or any right thereto based on the voluntary contribution account of a deceased employee or Member terminate before the total additional annuity paid equals the account, the difference is paid under section 8342(c) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 580; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(82), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §303(a)(2), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 794.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2262. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 12", 70 Stat. 756. | |

Aug. 14, 1958, Pub. L. 85–661, §1, 72 Stat. 614. |


In subsection (a), the words "after July 31, 1920" are substituted for "on or after August 1, 1920". In paragraph (1), the words "payment under subsection (d) of this section" are based on "but such account shall not in any case include interest beyond date of payment" in former section 2262(d); the latter, accordingly, are omitted from subsection (d).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 8343(a)(1) for consistency within the subchapter and to reflect that it is the individual, rather than the position, that is subject to the subchapter.

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–253 inserted "through December 31, 1984, and thereafter at the rate computed under section 8334(e) of this title,".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 effective with respect to deposits for service performed, on or after Oct. 1, 1982, and with respect to refunds for which application is received by Office of Personnel Management on or after Oct. 1, 1982, see section 303(d)(1) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by Pub. L. 97–346, §3(j)(1), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which any employee or Member who has a life-threatening affliction or other critical medical condition may, at the time of retiring under this subchapter (other than under section 8337 of this title), elect annuity benefits under this section instead of any other benefits under this subchapter (including any benefits under section 8341 of this title) based on the service of the employee or Member.

(b) Subject to subsection (c), the Office shall by regulation provide for such alternative forms of annuities as the Office considers appropriate, except that among the alternatives offered shall be—

(1) an alternative which provides for—

(A) payment of the lump-sum credit to the employee or Member; and

(B) payment of an annuity to the employee or Member for life; and

(2) in the case of an employee or Member who is married at the time of retirement, an alternative which provides for—

(A) payment of the lump-sum credit to the employee or Member; and

(B) payment of an annuity to the employee or Member for life, with a survivor annuity payable for the life of a surviving spouse.

(c) Each alternative provided for under subsection (b) shall, to the extent practicable, be designed such that the present value of the benefits provided under such alternative (including any lump-sum credit) is actuarially equivalent to the present value of the annuity which would otherwise be provided the employee or Member under this subchapter, as computed under subsections (a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) of section 8339.

(d) An employee or Member who, at the time of retiring under this subchapter—

(1) is married, shall be ineligible to make an election under this section unless a waiver is made under section 8339(j)(1) of this title; or

(2) has a former spouse, shall be ineligible to make an election under this section if the former spouse is entitled to benefits under section 8341(h) or 8345(j) of this title (based on the service of the employee or Member) under the terms of a decree of divorce or annulment, or a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any such decree, with respect to which the Office has been duly notified.

(e) An employee or Member who is married at the time of retiring under this subchapter and who makes an election under this section may, during the 18-month period beginning on the date of retirement, make the election provided for under section 8339(o) of this title, subject to the deposit requirement thereunder.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §204(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 591; amended Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(5), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–327; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11002(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 409; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(5), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(5)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–89.)

**2000**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–553 substituted "(a)–(i), (n), (q), (r), and (s)" for "(a)–(i), (n), (q), and (r)".

**1997**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–61, which directed the substitution of "(q), and (r) of section 8339" for "and (q) of section 8339 of this title" in section 8334a(c), was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (c) of this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because there is no section 8334a in this title.

**1993**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–66, §11002(a)(1), substituted "any employee or Member who has a life-threatening affliction or other critical medical condition" for "an employee or Member".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–66, §11002(a)(2), struck out subsec. (f) which prohibited election of alternative form of annuity where commencement date would be after Dec. 1, 1990, with certain exceptions.

**1990**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–428 substituted "(a)–(i), (n), and (q)" for "(a)–(i) and (n)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 11002(d) of Pub. L. 103–66 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8420a of this title, section 4047 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and section 2143 of Title 50, War and National Defense] shall become effective on October 1, 1994, and shall apply with respect to any annuity commencing on or after that date."

Section effective June 6, 1986, see section 702(b)(3) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Section 7001(a)(4) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that:

"(A) In applying the provisions of section 8343a(f) or 8420a(f) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by paragraph (1)) to any individual described in subparagraph (B), the reference in such provisions to 'December 1, 1990' shall be deemed to read 'December 1, 1991'.

"(B) This paragraph applies with respect to any individual who—

"(i)(I) is a member of the Armed Forces of the United States who, before December 1, 1990, was called or ordered to active duty (other than for training) pursuant to section 672 [now 12301], 673 [now 12302], 673b [now 12304], 674 [now 12306], 675 [now 12307], or 688 of title 10, United States Code, in connection with Operation Desert Shield; or

"(II) is an employee of the Department of Defense who is certified by the Secretary of Defense to have performed, after November 30, 1990, duties essential for the support of Operation Desert Shield; and

"(ii) would have been eligible to make an election under section 8343a or 8420a of title 5, United States Code (as amended by paragraph (1)) as of November 30, 1990.

"(C) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this paragraph."

Pub. L. 101–239, title IV, §4005, Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2135, as amended by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(a)(2)(A)–(C)(i), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–328, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1) 50 percent of the lump-sum credit shall be payable on the date on which, but for the enactment of this section, the full amount of the lump-sum credit would otherwise be payable.

"(2) The remainder of the lump-sum credit shall be payable on the date which occurs 12 months after the date on which the payment described in paragraph (1) is paid.

An amount payable in accordance with paragraph (2) shall be payable with interest, computed using the rate under section 8334(e)(3) of title 5, United States Code.

"(c)

"(1) in the case of any individual who is separated from Government service involuntarily, other than for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency; and

"(2) in the case of any individual as to whom the application of this section would be against equity and good conscience, due to a life-threatening affliction or other critical medical condition affecting such individual.

"(d)

"(e)

"(f)

"(1) paragraph (2)(A) thereof; or

"(2) section 7001(a)(4) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 [Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note above]."

[Section 7001(a)(2)(C)(ii) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that: "The amendments made by clause (i) [amending section 4005 of Pub. L. 101–239 and section 6001 of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as notes above and below] shall not apply in any case in which the first half of the lump-sum payment involved was paid before the beginning of the 11-month period which ends on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 5, 1990]."]

Similar provisions were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 101–227, §2, Dec. 12, 1989, 103 Stat. 1943, which was repealed by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(a)(2)(D), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–328.

Pub. L. 100–203, title VI, §6001, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–275, as amended by Pub. L. 101–103, §6, Sept. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(a)(2)(C)(i), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–328.

(a) If an annuitant receiving annuity from the Fund, except—

(1) a disability annuitant whose annuity is terminated because of his recovery or restoration of earning capacity;

(2) an annuitant whose annuity, based on an involuntary separation (other than an automatic separation or an involuntary separation for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency), is terminated under subsection (b) of this section;

(3) an annuitant whose annuity is terminated under subsection (c) of this section; or

(4) a Member receiving annuity from the Fund;

becomes employed in an appointive or elective position, his service on and after the date he is so employed is covered by this subchapter. Deductions for the Fund may not be withheld from his pay unless the individual elects to have such deductions withheld under subparagraph (A). An amount equal to the annuity allocable to the period of actual employment shall be deducted from his pay, except for lump-sum leave payment purposes under section 5551 of this title. The amounts so deducted shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund. If the annuitant serves on a full-time basis, except as President, for at least 1 year, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 1 year of full-time service, in employment not excluding him from coverage under section 8331(1)(i) or (ii) of this title—

(A) deductions for the Fund may be withheld from his pay (if the employee so elects), and his annuity on termination of employment is increased by an annuity computed under section 8339(a), (b), (d), (e), (h), (i), (n), (q), (r), and (s) as may apply based on the period of employment and the basic pay, before deduction, averaged during that employment; and

(B) his lump-sum credit may not be reduced by annuity paid during that employment.

If the annuitant is receiving a reduced annuity as provided in section 8339(j) or section 8339(k)(2) of this title, the increase in annuity payable under subparagraph (A) of this subsection is reduced by 10 percent and the survivor annuity payable under section 8341(b) of this title is increased by 55 percent of the increase in annuity payable under such subparagraph (A), unless, at the time of claiming the increase payable under such subparagraph (A), the annuitant notifies the Office of Personnel Management in writing that he does not desire the survivor annuity to be increased. If the annuitant dies while still reemployed, the survivor annuity payable is increased as though the reemployment had otherwise terminated. If the described employment of the annuitant continues for at least 5 years, or the equivalent of 5 years in the case of part-time employment, he may elect, instead of the benefit provided by subparagraph (A) of this subsection, to deposit in the Fund (to the extent deposits or deductions have not otherwise been made) an amount computed under section 8334(c) of this title covering that employment and have his rights redetermined under this subchapter. If the annuitant dies while still reemployed and the described employment had continued for at least 5 years, or the equivalent of 5 years in the case of part-time employment, the person entitled to survivor annuity under section 8341(b) of this title may elect to deposit in the Fund and have his rights redetermined under this subchapter.

(b) If an annuitant, other than a Member receiving an annuity from the Fund, whose annuity is based on an involuntary separation (other than an automatic separation or an involuntary separation for cause or charges on misconduct or delinquency) is reemployed in a position in which he is subject to this subchapter, payment of the annuity terminates on reemployment.

(c) If an annuitant, other than a Member receiving an annuity from the Fund, is appointed by the President to a position in which he is subject to this subchapter, or is elected as a Member, payment of the annuity terminates on reemployment. Upon separation from such position, an individual whose annuity is so terminated is entitled to have his rights redetermined under this subchapter, except that the amount of the annuity resulting from such redetermination shall be at least equal to the amount of the terminated annuity plus any increases under section 8340 of this title occurring after the termination and before the commencement of the redetermined annuity.

(d) If a Member receiving annuity from the Fund becomes employed in an appointive or elective position, annuity payments are discontinued during the employment and resumed on termination of the employment in the amount equal to the sum of the amount of the annuity the member was receiving immediately before the commencement of the employment and the amount of the increases which would have been made in the amount of the annuity under section 8340 of this title during the period of the employment if the annuity had been payable during that period, except that—

(1) the retired Member or Member separated with title to immediate or deferred annuity, who serves at any time after separation as a Member in an appointive position in which he is subject to this subchapter, is entitled, if he so elects, to have his Member annuity computed or recomputed as if the service had been performed before his separation as a Member and the annuity as so computed or recomputed is effective—

(A) the day Member annuity commences; or

(B) the day after the date of separation from the appointive position;

whichever is later;

(2) if the retired Member becomes employed after December 31, 1958, in an appointive position on an intermittent-service basis—

(A) his annuity continues during the employment and is not increased as a result of service performed during that employment;

(B) retirement deductions may not be withheld from his pay;

(C) an amount equal to the annuity allocable to the period of actual employment shall be deducted from his pay, except for lump-sum leave payment purposes under section 5551 of this title; and

(D) the amounts so deducted shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund;

(3) if the retired Member becomes employed after December 31, 1958, in an appointive position without pay on a full-time or substantially full-time basis, his annuity continues during the employment and is not increased as a result of service performed during the employment; and

(4) if the retired Member takes office as Member and gives notice as provided by section 8331(2) of this title, his service as Member during that period shall be credited in determining his right to and the amount of later annuity.

(e) This section does not apply to an individual appointed to serve as a Governor of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service.

(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, if an annuitant receiving annuity from the Fund, except a Member receiving annuity from the Fund, becomes employed as a justice or judge of the United States, as defined by section 451 of title 28, annuity payments are discontinued during such employment and are resumed in the same amount upon resignation or retirement from regular active service as such a justice or judge.

(g) A former employee or a former Member who becomes employed as a justice or judge of the United States, as defined by section 451 of title 28, may, at any time prior to resignation or retirement from regular active service as such a justice or judge, apply for and be paid, in accordance with section 8342(a) of this title, the amount (if any) by which the lump-sum credit exceeds the total annuity paid, notwithstanding the time limitation contained in such section for filing an application for payment.

(h)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section shall not apply to any annuitant receiving an annuity from the Fund while such annuitant is employed, during any period described in section 5532(f)(2) of this title (as in effect before the repeal of that section by section 651(a) of Public Law 106–65) or any portion thereof, under the administrative authority of the Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, or the Secretary of Defense to perform duties in the operation of the air traffic control system or to train other individuals to perform such duties: *Provided, however*, That the amount such an annuitant may receive in pay, excluding premium pay, in any pay period when aggregated with the annuity payable during that same period shall not exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall apply only in the case of any annuitant receiving an annuity from the Fund who, before December 31, 1987, applied for retirement or separated from the service while being entitled to an annuity under this chapter.

(i)(1) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of an Executive agency—

(A) waive the application of the preceding provisions of this section on a case-by-case basis for employees in positions for which there is exceptional difficulty in recruiting or retaining a qualified employee; or

(B) grant authority to the head of such agency to waive the application of the preceding provisions of this section, on a case-by-case basis, for an employee serving on a temporary basis, but only if, and for so long as, the authority is necessary due to an emergency involving a direct threat to life or property or other unusual circumstances.

(2) The Office shall prescribe regulations for the exercise of any authority under this subsection, including criteria for any exercise of authority and procedures for terminating a delegation of authority under paragraph (1)(B).

(j)(1) If warranted by circumstances described in subsection (i)(1)(A) or (B) (as applicable), the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall, with respect to an employee in the judicial branch, have the same waiver authority as would be available to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or a duly authorized agency head, under subsection (i) with respect to an employee of an Executive agency.

(2) Authority under this subsection may not be exercised with respect to a justice or judge of the United States, as defined in section 451 of title 28.

(k)(1) If warranted by circumstances described in subsection (i)(1)(A) or (B) (as applicable), an official or committee designated in paragraph (2) shall, with respect to the employees specified in the applicable subparagraph of such paragraph, have the same waiver authority as would be available to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or a duly authorized agency head, under subsection (i) with respect to an employee of an Executive agency.

(2) Authority under this subsection may be exercised—

(A) with respect to an employee of an agency in the legislative branch, by the head of such agency;

(B) with respect to an employee of the House of Representatives, by the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives; and

(C) with respect to an employee of the Senate, by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.

(3) Any exercise of authority under this subsection shall be in conformance with such written policies and procedures as the agency head, the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives, or the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate (as applicable) shall prescribe, consistent with the provisions of this subsection.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection, "agency in the legislative branch", "employee of the House of Representatives", "employee of the Senate", and "congressional employee" each has the meaning given to it in section 5531 of this title.

(l)(1) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the term "head of an agency" means—

(i) the head of an Executive agency, other than the Department of Defense or the Government Accountability Office;

(ii) the head of the United States Postal Service;

(iii) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, with respect to employees of the judicial branch; and

(iv) any employing authority described under subsection (k)(2), other than the Government Accountability Office; and

(B) the term "limited time appointee" means an annuitant appointed under a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less.

(2) The head of an agency may waive the application of subsection (a) or (b) with respect to any annuitant who is employed in such agency as a limited time appointee, if the head of the agency determines that the employment of the annuitant is necessary to—

(A) fulfill functions critical to the mission of the agency, or any component of that agency;

(B) assist in the implementation or oversight of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111–5) or the Troubled Asset Relief Program under title I of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5211 et seq.);

(C) assist in the development, management, or oversight of agency procurement actions;

(D) assist the Inspector General for that agency in the performance of the mission of that Inspector General;

(E) promote appropriate training or mentoring programs of employees;

(F) assist in the recruitment or retention of employees; or

(G) respond to an emergency involving a direct threat to life of property or other unusual circumstances.

(3) The head of an agency may not waive the application of subsection (a) or (b) with respect to an annuitant—

(A) for more than 520 hours of service performed by that annuitant during the period ending 6 months following the individual's annuity commencing date;

(B) for more than 1040 hours of service performed by that annuitant during any 12-month period; or

(C) for more than a total of 3120 hours of service performed by that annuitant.

(4)(A) The total number of annuitants to whom a waiver by the head of an agency under this subsection or section 8468(i) applies may not exceed 2.5 percent of the total number of full-time employees of that agency.

(B) If the total number of annuitants to whom a waiver by the head of an agency under this subsection or section 8468(i) applies exceeds 1 percent of the total number of full-time employees of that agency, the head of that agency shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the Office of Personnel Management—

(i) a report with an explanation that justifies the need for the waivers in excess of that percentage; and

(ii) not later than 180 days after submitting the report under clause (i), a succession plan.

(5)(A) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may promulgate regulations providing for the administration of this subsection.

(B) Any regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A) may—

(i) provide standards for the maintenance and form of necessary records of employment under this subsection;

(ii) to the extent not otherwise expressly prohibited by law, require employing agencies to provide records of such employment to the Office of Personnel Management or other employing agencies as necessary to ensure compliance with paragraph (3);

(iii) authorize other administratively convenient periods substantially equivalent to 12 months, such as 26 pay periods, to be used in determining compliance with paragraph (3)(B);

(iv) include such other administrative requirements as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may find appropriate to provide for the effective operation of, or to ensure compliance with, this subsection; and

(v) encourage the training and mentoring of employees by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection.

(6)(A) Any hours of training or mentoring of employees by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection shall not be included in the hours of service performed for purposes of paragraph (3), but those hours of training or mentoring may not exceed 520 hours.

(B) If the primary service performed by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection is training or mentoring of employees, the hours of that service shall be included in the hours of service performed for purposes of paragraph (3).

(7) The authority of the head of an agency under this subsection to waive the application of subsection (a) or (b) shall terminate on December 31, 2024.

(m)(1) For the purpose of subsections (i) through (l), "Executive agency" shall not include the Government Accountability Office.

(2) An employee as to whom a waiver under subsection (i), (j), (k), or (l) is in effect shall not be considered an employee for purposes of this chapter or chapter 84 of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(83), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 217; Pub. L. 91–375, §6(c)(20), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 91–658, §4, Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1962; Pub. L. 92–297, §7(5), May 16, 1972, 86 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 94–397, §1(a)–(c), Sept. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1202, 1203; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(14), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226; Pub. L. 95–598, title III, §338(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2681; Pub. L. 96–179, §4, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 96–504, §1, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2741; Pub. L. 97–141, §5(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 97–276, §151(g), Oct. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 1202; Pub. L. 97–346, §3(j)(2), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1649; Pub. L. 98–353, title I, §112, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 343; Pub. L. 98–396, title I, Aug. 22, 1984, 98 Stat. 1403; Pub. L. 98–525, title XV, §1537(e), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2636; Pub. L. 99–88, title I, §100, Aug. 15, 1985, 99 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 99–500, §101(l), Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(l), Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308; Pub. L. 100–202, §§101(l) [title I], 106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–362, 1329–433; Pub. L. 100–457, title I, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2129; Pub. L. 101–428, §2(d)(8), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §108(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1450; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(j)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1664; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §655(b), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1391; Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 105–55, title I, §107, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(6), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1087(f)(5)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–293; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(h)(8)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–89; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2505; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(a)(1), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4368; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XI, §1107(a), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3527; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1117(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1605.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2263 (less (a)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 13 (less (a))", 70 Stat. 757. | |

July 7, 1960, Pub. L. 86–604, §1(f), 74 Stat. 358. | ||

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–622, §3(a), 74 Stat. 410. | ||

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §5, 75 Stat. 771. |


In subsections (a) and (b), the words "except for lump-sum leave payment purposes under section 61b of this title" are omitted as unnecessary as section 5551(a) provides that a "lump-sum leave payment is considered pay for taxation purposes only".

In subsection (a), the words "after September 30, 1956" are substituted for "hereafter" on authority of §406 of the Act of July 31, 1956, ch. 804, 70 Stat. 761. In paragraph (2), the words "other than an automatic separation" are substituted for "excluding a separation under the automatic separation provisions of this chapter". In the third sentence, the words "and this provision concerning the lump-sum leave payments shall also be effective in the case of each retired employee separated from reemployment after December 15, 1953, and before the effective date of the Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments of 1956" are omitted as executed, and any existing rights are preserved by technical section 8. In the fourth sentence, the words "except as President" are added to preserve the exception stated in former section 2252(b). In the penultimate sentence, the words "after October 3, 1961" are substituted for "on or after October 4, 1961". In the last sentence, the words "in any manner" are omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (b), the words "receiving annuity from the Fund" are substituted for "heretofore or hereafter retired under this chapter". The word "hereafter" is omitted as unnecessary. In paragraph (1)(B), the words "the day after" are substituted for "the first day of the month following" on authority of former section 2264(b), which is carried into section 8345(b). In paragraph (1), former clause (C) is omitted as obsolete. In paragraph (2)(D), the words "of the United States" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8344(a) | 5 App.: 2263(b) (last sentence). | Mar. 30, 1966, Pub. L. 89–378, §1, 80 Stat. 93. |


In subsection (a), the words "after July 11, 1960" are substituted for "on or after July 12, 1960." In subsection (b)(1), the amendment is made for consistency within the subchapter.

In the codification of 5 U.S.C. 8344 by Public Law 89–554, the words "except for lump-sum leave payment purposes under section 61b of this title" were omitted from the third sentence of subsection (a) and from subsection (b)(2)(C) on the basis that they were unnecessary since former 5 U.S.C. 61b [now codified as 5 U.S.C. 5551(a)] provided that a lump-sum leave payment was considered pay for taxation purposes only. This amendment restores to 5 U.S.C. 8344 the language that was so omitted to conform to the source statute (section 13 of the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended) and in recognition that the language was expressly placed in the source statute to overcome certain decisions of the Comptroller General of the United States (see 28 Comp. Gen. 294; 33 id. 591, and 36 id. 209).

Level V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (h)(1), is set out in section 5316 of this title.

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, referred to in subsec. (l)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 111–5, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 115. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2009 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and Tables.

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (l)(2)(B), is div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3765. Title I of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§5211 et seq.) of chapter 52 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of Title 12 and Tables.

Amendment of subsec. (h)(2) by Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591 is based on provisions under the subheading "Federal Aviation Administration, Operations", in title I of H.R. 5205 (Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1987), as incorporated by reference by section 101(l) of Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591, and enacted into law by section 106 of Pub. L. 100–202.

Pub. L. 99–591 is a corrected version of Pub. L. 99–500.

**2019**—Subsec. (l)(7). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "December 31, 2024" for "December 31, 2019".

**2014**—Subsec. (l)(7). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "on December 31, 2019" for "5 years after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010".

**2011**—Subsec. (l)(2)(B). Pub. L. 111–383 substituted "5211 et seq." for "5201 et seq."

**2009**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(a)(1), (2), added subsec. (l). Former subsec. (l) redesignated (m).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (l) as (m).

Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(a)(3)(A), substituted "(l)" for "(k)".

Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(a)(3)(B), substituted "(k), or (l)" for "or (k)".

**2004**—Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(A). Pub. L. 106–553 substituted "(q), (r), and (s)" for "(q), and (r)".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 106–398 inserted "(as in effect before the repeal of that section by section 651(a) of Public Law 106–65)" after "section 5532(f)(2) of this title".

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(A). Pub. L. 105–61 substituted "(q), and (r)" for "and (q) of this title".

Subsec. (k)(2)(B), (3). Pub. L. 105–55 substituted "the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives" for "the Speaker of the House of Representatives".

**1992**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–378 repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(2). See 1990 Amendment note below.

**1991**—Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 102–190, §655(b)(2), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "An employee to whom a waiver under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) applies shall not be deemed an employee for the purposes of this chapter or chapter 84 while such waiver is in effect."

Subsecs. (j) to (l). Pub. L. 102–190, §655(b)(1), added subsecs. (j) to (l).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(A). Pub. L. 101–428 substituted "(i), (n), and (q)" for "(i), and (n)".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(2), added a subsec. (i) identical to that added by Pub. L. 101–509, see below. Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(2), and provided that this title shall read as if such section 1206(j)(2) had not been enacted.

Pub. L. 101–509 added subsec. (i).

**1988**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 100–457 substituted "1987" for "1986".

**1987**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(l) [title I], substituted "December 31, 1986" for "April 1, 1986".

For amendment by section 106 of Pub. L. 100–202, see 1986 Amendment note below.

**1986**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 99–500 and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(l), as enacted by Pub. L. 100–202, §106, substituted "April 1, 1986" for "April 1, 1985". See Codification note above.

**1985**—Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 99–88 inserted proviso directing that the amount an annuitant may receive in pay, excluding premium pay, in any pay period when aggregated with the annuity payable during that same period shall not exceed the rate payable for level V of the Executive Schedule.

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 99–88 substituted "April 1, 1985" for "August 3, 1981".

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(A). Pub. L. 98–353 substituted "and (n)" for "and (o)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–396 substituted "on termination of the employment in the amount equal to the sum of the amount of the annuity the member was receiving immediately before the commencement of the employment and the amount of the increases which would have been made in the amount of the annuity under section 8340 of this title during the period of the employment if the annuity had been payable during that period" for "in the same amount on termination of the employment".

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 98–525 inserted "or the Secretary of Defense".

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–346 inserted "unless the individual elects to have such deductions withheld under subparagraph (A)" and "(to the extent deposits or deductions have not otherwise been made)".

Subsec. (a)(4)(A). Pub. L. 97–346 inserted "deductions for the Fund may be withheld from his pay (if the employee so elects)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–276 added subsec. (h).

**1981**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–141 inserted provision that upon separation from such position, an individual whose annuity is so terminated is entitled to have his rights redetermined under this subchapter, except that the amount of the annuity resulting from such redetermination shall be at least equal to the amount of the terminated annuity plus any increases under section 8340 of this title occurring after the termination and before the commencement of the redetermined annuity.

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–179 inserted "or is elected as a Member," after "subject to this subchapter,".

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 96–504 added subsecs. (f) and (g).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–598 inserted reference to subsec. (o) of section 8339 of this title in par. (A).

Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Commission" in provisions following par. (B).

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–397, §1(a), inserted provisions requiring applicability to annuitants whose annuity is terminated under subsecs. (b) and (c) of this section, authorizing deducted amounts to be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the Fund, and covering described employment continuing for the equivalent of five years in the case of part-time employment, and struck out provisions requiring employment after Sept. 30, 1956, or service on July 31, 1956, for application of coverage, and redetermination rights for an annuitant whose annuity is based on involuntary separation from the service and who is separated after July 11, 1960 for full-time employment began before Oct. 1, 1956.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 94–397, §1(b), added subsecs. (b) and (c). Former subsecs. (b) and (c) redesignated (d) and (e), respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–397, §1(b), (c), redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d) and struck out prohibition of application of subsec. to a Member appointed by the President to a position not requiring confirmation by the Senate.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–397, §1(b), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e).

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–297 substituted "section 8339(a), (b), (d), (e), (h), and (i)" for "section 8339(a), (b), (d), (g), and (h)", in subpar. (A), and "section 8339(j) or section 8339(k)(2)" for "section 8339(i) or section 8339(j)(2)", in sentence following cl. (ii).

**1971**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–658 substituted provisions respecting reemployed annuitants and reduction in their annuity and increase in survivor annuity, notice to Commission of a desire not to increase the survivor annuity, increase in survivor annuity where annuitant dies while still reemployed, and redetermination of rights to survivor annuity where reemployment continued for five or more years upon election to deposit in the Fund, for prior provision that employment of an annuitant did not create an annuity for or affect the annuity of a survivor.

**1970**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–375 added subsec. (c).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on House Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on House Administration of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999.

Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XI, §1107(c), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3527, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8468 of this title] shall be effective as of October 28, 2014."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–202, §106, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–433, provided that the amendment by Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591 is effective on date of enactment [Oct. 18, 1986] of the "pertinent joint resolution" making continuing appropriations for fiscal year 1987 [Pub. L. 99–500 and 99–591].

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–525 effective Oct. 1, 1984, see section 1537(f) of Pub. L. 98–525, set out as a note under section 4109 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective July 10, 1984, see section 122(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 151 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–276 effective at 5 o'clock ante meridian eastern daylight time, Aug. 3, 1981, see section 151(h)(1) of Pub. L. 97–276, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5546a of this title.

Pub. L. 97–141, §5(b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1719, provided that:

"(1) Subject to paragraph (2), the amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to individuals whose annuities terminate under section 8344(c) of title 5, United States Code, on or after October 1, 1976.

"(2) In the case of an individual whose reemployment ended before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981], the amendment shall apply only upon application by the individual to the Office of Personnel Management within one year after the date of enactment. Upon receipt of such application, the Office shall recompute the annuity, effective as of the day following the day reemployment ended."

Pub. L. 96–504, §6, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2742, provided that:

"(a) The provisions of this Act [amending this section, repealing section 375 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8342 of this title and section 376 of Title 28] shall take effect on—

"(1) the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980], or

"(2) October 1, 1980,

whichever date is later.

"(b) The provisions of subsection (f) of section 8344 of title 5, United States Code, as added by the first section of this Act, shall apply only to an individual who becomes employed as a justice or judge of the United States on or after the effective date of this Act. The provisions of subsection (g) of such section, as added by the first section of this Act, shall apply to an individual employed as a justice or judge of the United States on the effective date of this Act and to an individual appointed as such a justice or judge on or after such effective date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–598 effective Nov. 6, 1978, see section 402(d) of Pub. L. 95–598, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–397, §2, Sept. 3, 1976, 90 Stat. 1203, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided under subsection (b) of this section, the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 8339 of this title] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 3, 1976] or October 1, 1976, whichever is later, and shall apply to annuitants serving in appointive or elective positions on and after such date.

"(b) The amendment made by subsection (c) of the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall become effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 3, 1976] or October 1, 1976, whichever is later, but shall not apply to any annuitant reemployed before such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–297 effective on 90th day after May 16, 1972, see section 10 of Pub. L. 92–297, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3381 of this title.

Pub. L. 91–658, §5(d), Jan. 8, 1971, 84 Stat. 1963, provided that: "The amendment made by section 4 of this Act [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to a reemployed annuitant whose employment terminates on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1971]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 91–375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91–375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Amendment by section 1(83)(A), (D) of Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359, provided that: "Subsections (i) and (j) of section 1206 of the Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act, as contained in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101–510; 104 Stat. 1662, 1663) [enacting section 5380 of this title, amending this section and sections 5532 and 8468 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5532 and 5380 of this title], are repealed, and title 5, United States Code, shall read as if such subsections had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1122(c), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2509, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by this section [amending this section, section 8468 of this title, and section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service] may be construed to authorize the waiver of the hiring preferences under chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code in selecting annuitants to employ in an appointive or elective position."

Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §655(d), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1393, provided that:

"(1) For the purpose of this subsection, the term 'agency in the legislative branch' has the meaning given such term by section 5531(4) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a).

"(2) Each agency in the legislative branch shall submit to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate, for each calendar year, a written report on how any authority made available as a result of the enactment of this section [amending this section and sections 5531, 5532, and 8468 of this title] was used by such agency during the period covered by such report.

"(3) A report under this subsection—

"(A) shall include the number of instances in which each type of authority was exercised, the circumstances justifying the exercise of authority, and, unless previously submitted, a description of the policies and procedures governing each type of authority exercised; and

"(B) shall be submitted not later than 30 days after the end of the calendar year to which it relates."

Pub. L. 94–252, Mar. 30, 1976, 90 Stat. 294, provided that: "On and after the date of the enactment of the joint resolution [Mar. 30, 1976], the provisions of section 8344 of title 5, United States Code, shall not apply to any individual serving as a member of the Commission on the Operation of the Senate."

(a) Each annuity is stated as an annual amount, one-twelfth of which, rounded to the next lowest dollar, constitutes the monthly rate payable on the first business day of the month after the month or other period for which it has accrued.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided—

(A) an annuity of an employee or Member commences on the first day of the month after—

(i) separation from the service; or

(ii) pay ceases and the service and age requirements for title to annuity are met; and

(B) any other annuity payable from the Fund commences on the first day of the month after the occurrence of the event on which payment thereof is based.

(2) The annuity of—

(A) an employee involuntarily separated from service, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency; and

(B) an employee or Member retiring under section 8337 of this title due to a disability;

shall commence on the day after separation from the service or the day after pay ceases and the service and age or disability requirements for title to annuity are met.

(c) The annuity of a retired employee or Member terminates on the day death or other terminating event provided by this subchapter occurs. The annuity of a survivor terminates on the last day of the month before death or other terminating event occurs.

(d) An individual entitled to annuity from the Fund may decline to accept all or any part of the annuity by a waiver signed and filed with the Office of Personnel Management. The waiver may be revoked in writing at any time. Payment of the annuity waived may not be made for the period during which the waiver was in effect.

(e)(1) Payment due a minor, or an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability, may be made to the person (including an organization) who is constituted guardian or other fiduciary by the law of the State of residence of the claimant or is otherwise legally vested with the care of the claimant or his estate. If a guardian or other fiduciary of the individual under legal disability has not been appointed under the law of the State of residence of the claimant, payment may be made to any person (including an organization) who, in the judgment of the Office, is responsible for the care of the claimant and may appropriately receive such payments on behalf of the claimant, and the payment bars recovery by any other person.

(2) If the Office determines that direct payment of a benefit to an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability would cause substantial harm to the individual, the Office may defer or suspend direct payment of the benefit until such time as the appointment of a representative payee is made. The Office shall resume payment as soon as practicable, including all amounts due.

(f) The Office may not authorize a person to receive payments on behalf of a minor or individual of legal disability under subsection (e) if that person has been convicted of a violation of—

(1) section 8345a or 8466a;

(2) section 208 or 1632 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408, 1383a); or

(3) section 6101 of title 38.

(g) The Office shall prescribe regulations to provide that the amount of any monthly annuity payable under this section accruing for any month and which is computed with regard to service that includes any service referred to in section 8332(b)(6) performed by an individual prior to January 1, 1969, shall be reduced by the portion of any benefits under any State retirement system to which such individual is entitled (or on proper application would be entitled) for such month which is attributable to such service performed by such individual before such date.

(h) An individual entitled to an annuity from the Fund may make allotments or assignments of amounts from his annuity for such purposes as the Office of Personnel Management in its sole discretion considers appropriate.

(i)(1) No payment shall be made from the Fund unless an application for benefits based on the service of an employee or Member is received in the Office of Personnel Management before the one hundred and fifteenth anniversary of his birth.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, after the death of an employee, Member, or annuitant, no benefit based on his service shall be paid from the Fund unless an application therefor is received in the Office of Personnel Management within 30 years after the death or other event which gives rise to title to the benefit.

(j)(1) Payments under this subchapter which would otherwise be made to an employee, Member, or annuitant based on service of that individual shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of—

(A) any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation; or

(B) any court order or other similar process in the nature of garnishment for the enforcement of a judgment rendered against such employee, Member, or annuitant, for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child.

In the event that the Office is served with more than 1 decree, order, or other legal process with respect to the same moneys due or payable to any individual, such moneys shall be available to satisfy such processes on a first-come, first-served basis, with any such process being satisfied out of such moneys as remain after the satisfaction of all such processes which have been previously served.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall only apply to payments made by the Office under this subchapter after the date of receipt in the Office of written notice of such decree, order, other legal process, or agreement, and such additional information and documentation as the Office may prescribe.

(3) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term "court" means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court;

(B) the term "judgment rendered for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child" means any legal claim perfected through a final enforceable judgment, which claim is based in whole or in part upon the physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a child, whether or not that abuse is accompanied by other actionable wrongdoing, such as sexual exploitation or gross negligence; and

(C) the term "child" means an individual under 18 years of age.

(k)(1) The Office shall, in accordance with this subsection, enter into an agreement with any State within 120 days of a request for agreement from the proper State official. The agreement shall provide that the Office shall withhold State income tax in the case of the monthly annuity of any annuitant who voluntarily requests, in writing, such withholding. The amounts withheld during any calendar quarter shall be held in the Fund and disbursed to the States during the month following that calendar quarter.

(2) An annuitant may have in effect at any time only one request for withholding under this subsection, and an annuitant may not have more than two such requests in effect during any one calendar year.

(3) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, an annuitant may change the State designated by that annuitant for purposes of having withholdings made, and may request that the withholdings be remitted in accordance with such change. An annuitant also may revoke any request of that annuitant for withholding. Any change in the State designated or revocation is effective on the first day of the month after the month in which the request or the revocation is processed by the Office, but in no event later than on the first day of the second month beginning after the day on which such request or revocation is received by the Office.

(4) This subsection does not give the consent of the United States to the application of a statute which imposes more burdensome requirements on the United States than on employers generally, or which subjects the United States or any annuitant to a penalty or liability because of this subsection. The Office may not accept pay from a State for services performed in withholding State income taxes from annuities. Any amount erroneously withheld from an annuity and paid to a State by the Office shall be repaid by the State in accordance with regulations issued by the Office.

(5) For the purpose of this subsection, "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States.

(l) Transfers of contributions and deposits authorized by section 408(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 shall be deemed to be a complete and final payment of benefits under this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 93–273, §1, Apr. 26, 1974, 88 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 94–126, §1(c), Nov. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 679; Pub. L. 94–166, §1, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 94–183, §1, Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1057; Pub. L. 95–366, §1(a), Sept. 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 97–35, title XVII, §1705(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 758; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §§304(b), 305(a), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 795; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(6), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3202; Pub. L. 99–251, title III, §305(a), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 26; Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §141(b), Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 35; Pub. L. 103–358, §2(a), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3420; Pub. L. 116–126, §2(c)(1), (d)(1), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 175, 176.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2264. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 14", 70 Stat. 757. | |

Sept. 6, 1960, Pub. L. 86–713, §1(b), 74 Stat. 814. |


In subsection (b), the second sentence of former section 2264(b) is omitted as included in the second sentence of the revised subsection. The words "after September 5, 1960" are substituted for "on or after September 6, 1960".

In subsection (c), the first sentence of former section 2264(c) is omitted as covered by the remainder of the subsection. The words "on or after September 6, 1960" are omitted as obsolete.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 408(a)(3) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (l), is classified to section 3968(a)(3) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**2020**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–126, §2(c)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted "(including an organization)" after "to the person" and after "to any person", inserted "and may appropriately receive such payments on behalf of the claimant" after "care of the claimant", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–126, §2(d)(1), added subsec. (f).

**1994**—Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(a)(1), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Payments under this subchapter which would otherwise be made to an employee, Member, or annuitant based upon his service shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation. Any payment under this paragraph to a person bars recovery by any other person."

Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(a)(2), inserted "other legal process," after "order,".

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(a)(3), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "As used in this subsection, 'court' means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court."

**1990**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 101–246 added subsec. (l).

**1986**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–251 struck out subsec. (f) which provided minimum monthly rates of annuity payable under subsec. (a) with certain exceptions.

**1984**—Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(6)(A), added par. (4).

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 98–615, §2(6)(B), inserted reference to the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court.

**1982**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–253, §304(b), substituted "rounded to the next lowest" for "fixed at the nearest".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–253, §305(a), substituted provisions that an annuity of an employee or Member commences on the first day of the month after separation from service or pay ceases and the service and age requirements for title to annuity are met, that any other annuity payable from the Fund commences on the first day of the month after the occurrence of the event on which the payment thereof is based, and that the annuity of an employee involuntarily separated from service or of an employee or Member retiring due to a disability shall commence on the day after separation from the service or the day after pay ceases and the service and age or disability requirements for title to annuity are met for provisions that the annuity of an employee or Member would commence on the day after he was separated from the service, or on the day after his pay ceased and he met the service and the age or disability requirements for title to annuity and that an annuity payable from the Fund allowed after September 5, 1960, would commence on the day after the occurrence of the event on which payment thereof was based.

**1981**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–35 added subsec. (k).

**1978**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission" in the subsec. (g) added by Pub. L. 94–126.

Pub. L. 95–366 redesignated as subsec. (h) the subsec. (g) added by Pub. L. 94–166.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 95–366 redesignated former subsec. (g), added by Pub. L. 94–166, as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 95–366 redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 95–366 added subsec. (j).

**1975**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–166 added subsec. (g) authorizing allotment or assignment of amounts from annuities.

Pub. L. 94–126 added subsec. (g) relating to the crediting of National Guard technician service in connection with civil service retirement.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 94–183 added subsec. (h).

**1974**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–273 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 effective on Mar. 18, 2020, and applicable on and after the effective date of regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) of Pub. L. 116–126, see sections 4 and 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out respectively as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note and a Regulations note under section 8331 of this title.

Section 3 of Pub. L. 103–358 provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 8437 and 8467 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 14, 1994], and shall apply with respect to any decree, order, or other legal process, or notice of agreement received by the Office of Personnel Management or the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board on or after such date of enactment."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1), (5)(D) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by section 304(b) of Pub. L. 97–253 applicable with respect to any annuity commencing on or after Oct. 1, 1982, and with respect to any adjustment or redetermination of any annuity made on or after such date, see section 304(c) of Pub. L. 97–253, set out as a note under section 8340 of this title.

Section 305(b) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by Pub. L. 97–377, title I, §124, Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1913, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to annuities which commence on or after October 1, 1982, except for those individuals who serve three days or less in the month of retirement."

Section 1705(b) of Pub. L. 97–35 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1981."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 95–366 provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section and section 8346 of this title] shall only apply to payments made from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund after the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 15, 1978]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–126 effective as of Jan. 1, 1969, applicable to a person who, on Nov. 12, 1975, is receiving or is entitled to receive benefits under any Federal retirement system and requests in writing the application of the amendment to him by the office administering his retirement system, and additional benefits to commence Dec. 1, 1975, see section 3 of Pub. L. 94–126, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section 3 of Pub. L. 93–273 provided that: "This Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8339 and 8341 of this title] shall become effective on the date of enactment [Apr. 26, 1974]. Annuity increases under this Act shall apply to annuities which commence before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act, but no increase in annuity shall be paid for any period prior to the first day of the first month which begins on or after the ninetieth day after the date of enactment of this Act, or the date on which the annuity commences, whichever is later."

Regulations to carry out amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 to be promulgated by Office of Personnel Management no later than 1 year after Mar. 18, 2020, with allowance for additional regulations relating to administration of representative payee program, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Section 305(b)–(d) of Pub. L. 99–251 provided that:

"(b)

"(1) by reason of the repeal of section 8345(f) of title 5, United States Code; or

"(2) if or to the extent that the reduction is to be made for the purpose of eliminating an overpayment resulting from the manner in which such section 8345(f) has been administered by the Office of Personnel Management.

"(c)

"(d)

"(A) is payable from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund; and

"(B) was reduced after June 30, 1985, and before the date of enactment of this Act, to eliminate any overpayment resulting from the manner in which the Office of Personnel Management administered section 8345(f) of title 5, United States Code,

shall not be less than the amount which would have been payable as of such date of enactment if the reduction described in clause (B) had not been made.

"(2)(A) The Office shall make a lump-sum payment to each individual receiving an annuity to which paragraph (1) applies.

"(B) The lump-sum payment made to any individual under this paragraph shall be equal to the excess of—

"(i) the total amount of the annuity payments which would have been made to the individual for the period beginning with the first month in which the reduction described in paragraph (1)(B) was made and ending on the last day of the month in which this Act is enacted if the reduction had not been made, over

"(ii) the total amount of the annuity payments which have been paid to such individual for that period."

Section 1705(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 provided that: "The Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund is available for expenses incurred by the Office of Personnel Management in the initial implementation of the amendments made by this section [amending this section]."

Section 2(c) of Pub. L. 93–273 provided that: "The monthly rate of an annuity resulting from an increase under this section [enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8339 and 8341 of this title] shall be considered as the monthly rate of annuity payable under section 8345(a) of title 5, United States Code [subsec. (a) of this section], for purposes of computing the minimum annuity under section 8345(f) of title 5 [subsec. (f) of this section], as added by the first section of this Act."

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) revoke the certification for payment of benefits to the representative payee; and

(B) certify payment—

(i) to another representative payee; or

(ii) if the interest of the individual under this title would be served thereby, to the individual.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 116–126, §2(b)(1), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 174.)

Section effective on Mar. 18, 2020, and applicable on and after the effective date of regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) of Pub. L. 116–126, see sections 4 and 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out respectively as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note and a Regulations note under section 8331 of this title.

Regulations to carry out this section to be promulgated by Office of Personnel Management no later than 1 year after Mar. 18, 2020, with allowance for additional regulations relating to administration of representative payee program, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

(a) The money mentioned by this subchapter is not assignable, either in law or equity, except under the provisions of subsections (h) and (j) of section 8345 of this title, or subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process, except as otherwise may be provided by Federal laws.

(b) Recovery of payments under this subchapter may not be made from an individual when, in the judgment of the Office of Personnel Management, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. Withholding or recovery of money mentioned by this subchapter on account of a certification or payment made by a former employee of the United States in the discharge of his official duties may be made only if the head of the agency on behalf of which the certification or payment was made certifies to the Office that the certification or payment involved fraud on the part of the former employee.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 94–166, §2, Dec. 23, 1975, 89 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 95–366, §1(b), Sept. 15, 1978, 92 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2265. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 15", 70 Stat. 758. |


In subsection (b), the words "Notwithstanding any other provision of law" are omitted as unnecessary. The second word of the second sentence "or" is substituted for "of" to correct a printing error.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–366 substituted references to subsecs. (h) and (j) of section 8345 for reference to subsec. (g) of section 8345.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–166 inserted "except under the provisions of section 8345(g) of this title," after "equity", and ", except as otherwise may be provided by Federal laws" after "process".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–366 applicable to payments made from Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund after Sept. 15, 1978, see section 2 of Pub. L. 95–366, set out as a note under section 8345 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall administer this subchapter. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, the Office shall perform, or cause to be performed, such acts and prescribe such regulations as are necessary and proper to carry out this subchapter.

(b) Applications under this subchapter shall be in such form as the Office prescribes. Agencies shall support the applications by such certificates as the Office considers necessary to the determination of the rights of applicants. The Office shall adjudicate all claims under this subchapter.

(c) The Office shall determine questions of disability and dependency arising under this subchapter. Except to the extent provided under subsection (d) of this section, the decisions of the Office concerning these matters are final and conclusive and are not subject to review. The Office may direct at any time such medical or other examinations as it considers necessary to determine the facts concerning disability or dependency of an individual receiving or applying for annuity under this subchapter. The Office may suspend or deny annuity for failure to submit to examination.

(d)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, an administrative action or order affecting the rights or interests of an individual or of the United States under this subchapter may be appealed to the Merit Systems Protection Board under procedures prescribed by the Board.

(2) In the case of any individual found by the Office to be disabled in whole or in part on the basis of the individual's mental condition, and that finding was made pursuant to an application by an agency for purposes of disability retirement under section 8337(a) of this title, the procedures under section 7701 of this title shall apply and the decision of the Board shall be subject to judicial review under section 7703 of this title.

(e) The Office shall fix the fees for examinations made under this subchapter by physicians or surgeons who are not medical officers of the United States. The fees and reasonable traveling and other expenses incurred in connection with the examinations are paid from appropriations for the cost of administering this subchapter.

(f) The Office shall select three actuaries, to be known as the Board of Actuaries of the Civil Service Retirement System. The Office shall fix the pay of the members of the Board, except members otherwise in the employ of the United States. The Board shall report annually on the actuarial status of the System and furnish its advice and opinion on matters referred to it by the Office. The Board may recommend to the Office and to Congress such changes as in the Board's judgment are necessary to protect the public interest and maintain the System on a sound financial basis. The Office shall keep, or cause to be kept, such records as it considers necessary for making periodic actuarial valuations of the System. The Board shall make actuarial valuations every 5 years, or oftener if considered necessary by the Office.

(g) The Office may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an employee or group of employees in or under an Executive agency whose employment is temporary or intermittent. However, the Office may not exclude any employee who occupies a position on a part-time career employment basis (as defined in section 3401(2) of this title).

(h) The Office, on recommendation by the Mayor of the District of Columbia, may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an individual or group of individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia whose employment is temporary or intermittent.

(i) The Architect of the Capitol may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an employee under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(j) The Librarian of Congress may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an employee under the Library of Congress whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(k) The Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this subchapter to an individual named by section 8331(1)(F) of this title.

(l) The Director or Acting Director of the Botanic Garden may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an employee under the Botanic Garden whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(m) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the purpose of ensuring the accuracy of information used in the administration of this chapter, at the request of the Director of the Office of Personnel Management—

(1) the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary's designee shall provide information on retired or retainer pay provided under title 10;

(2) the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall provide information on pensions or compensation provided under title 38;

(3) the Commissioner of Social Security or the Secretary's 1 designee shall provide information contained in the records of the Social Security Administration; and

(4) the Secretary of Labor or the Secretary's designee shall provide information on benefits paid under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title.

The Director shall request only such information as the Director determines is necessary. The Director, in consultation with the officials from whom information is requested, shall establish, by regulation and otherwise, such safeguards as are necessary to ensure that information made available under this subsection is used only for the purpose authorized.

(n)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, the Director of Central Intelligence shall, in a manner consistent with the administration of this subchapter by the Office, and to the extent considered appropriate by the Director of Central Intelligence—

(A) determine entitlement to benefits under this subchapter based on the service of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency;

(B) maintain records relating to the service of such employees;

(C) compute benefits under this subchapter based on the service of such employees;

(D) collect deposits to the Fund made by such employees, their spouses, and their former spouses;

(E) authorize and direct disbursements from the Fund to the extent based on service of such employees; and

(F) perform such other functions under this subchapter as the Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, determines to be appropriate.

(2) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall furnish such information and, on a reimbursable basis, such services to the Director of Central Intelligence as the Director of Central Intelligence requests to carry out paragraph (1) of this subsection.

(3)(A) The Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall by regulation prescribe appropriate procedures to carry out this subsection.

(B) The regulations shall provide procedures for the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to inspect and audit disbursements from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund under this subchapter.

(C) The Director of Central Intelligence shall submit the regulations prescribed under subparagraph (A) to the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives before the regulations take effect.

(4)(A) Section 201(c) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act shall apply in the administration of this subchapter to the extent that the provisions of this subchapter are administered under this subsection.

(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, section 8347(d) of this title shall apply with respect to employees of the Central Intelligence Agency who are subject to the Civil Service Retirement System.

(o) Any provision of law outside of this subchapter which provides coverage, service credit, or any other benefit under this subchapter to any individuals who (based on their being employed by an entity other than the Government) would not otherwise be eligible for any such coverage, credit, or benefit, shall not apply with respect to any individual appointed, transferred, or otherwise commencing that type of employment on or after October 1, 1988.

(p) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may exclude from the operation of this subchapter an employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, or a court named by section 610 of title 28, whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(q)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an employee who—

(A) has not previously made an election under this subsection or had an opportunity to make an election under this paragraph; and

(B) moves, without a break in service of more than 1 year, to employment in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, described in section 2105(c),

shall be given the opportunity to elect irrevocably, within 30 days after such move, to remain covered as an employee under this subchapter during any employment described in section 2105(c) after such move.

(2) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, described in section 2105(c), who—

(A) has not previously made an election under this subsection or had an opportunity to make an election under this paragraph;

(B) is a participant in a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c);

(C) moves, without a break in service of more than 1 year, to a position that is not described in section 2105(c); and

(D) is excluded from coverage under chapter 84 by section 8402(b),

shall be given the opportunity to elect irrevocably, within 30 days after such move, to remain covered, during any subsequent employment as an employee as defined in section 2105(a) or section 2105(c), by the retirement system applicable to such employee's current or most recent employment described in section 2105(c) rather than be subject to this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(84), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 90–623, §1(22), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1313; Pub. L. 95–437, §4(a), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), (9), (c)(2)(F), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1225, 1227; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(50), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §404(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606; Pub. L. 96–500, §1, Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2696; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §302(b), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 793; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(i), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 596; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(a)(1), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(n), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(j)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–337; Pub. L. 102–54, §13(b)(5), June 13, 1991, 105 Stat. 274; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(64), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §803(c), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3253; Pub. L. 103–296, title I, §108(e)(5), Aug. 15, 1994, 108 Stat. 1486; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1043(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1131(a), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1242.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(f) | 5 U.S.C. 2266 (less (f)). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 16 (less (f))", 70 Stat. 758. |

(g)–(k) | 5 U.S.C. 2252(e), (f) (words after semicolon), (h) (1). | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 2(e), (f) (words after semicolon)", 70 Stat. 745. |

July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(b)(1) "(h) (1)", 74 Stat. 302. |


In subsection (a), the words "to carry out this subchapter" are substituted for "for the purpose of carrying the provisions of this chapter into full force and effect".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8347(l) |
5 App.: 2252(f). | Sept. 26, 1966, Pub. L. 89–604, §1(c), 80 Stat. 847. |


Section 201(c) of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act, referred to in subsec. (n)(4)(A), is classified to section 2011(c) of Title 50, War and National Defense.

**2001**—Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 107–107, §1131(a)(1), inserted "and" after semicolon in subpar. (A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "has 5 or more years of civilian service creditable under this subchapter; and".

Subsec. (q)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–107, §1131(a)(2), struck out "vested" before "participant in a retirement system" and struck out ", as the term 'vested participant' is defined by such system" before semicolon at end.

**1996**—Subsec. (q)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §1043(a)(1)(A), struck out "of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard" after "an employee" in introductory provisions and substituted "1 year" for "3 days" in subpar. (C).

Subsec. (q)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–106, §1043(a)(1)(B), substituted "1 year" for "3 days" and struck out "in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively," after "to a position".

**1994**—Subsec. (m)(3). Pub. L. 103–296 substituted "Commissioner of Social Security" for "Secretary of Health and Human Services".

**1992**—Subsec. (n)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102–496 substituted "the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act" for "the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees".

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(64)(A), redesignated subsec. (p), relating to employees of Department of Defense and Coast Guard, as (q).

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(64)(A), redesignated subsec. (p), relating to employees of Department of Defense and Coast Guard, as (q).

Subsec. (q)(1)(A), (2)(A). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(64)(B), amended subpars. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (A) read as follows: "has not previously made or had an opportunity to make an election under this subsection;".

**1991**—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 102–54 substituted "Secretary" for "Administrator".

**1990**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (p) relating to elections by employees of Department of Defense, Coast Guard, or a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard.

Pub. L. 101–474 added subsec. (p) relating to Director of Administrative Office of United States Courts.

**1988**—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 100–238 added subsec. (o).

**1986**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 99–335 added subsec. (n).

**1982**—Subsec. (m)(3), (4). Pub. L. 97–253 added pars. (3) and (4).

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–500, §1(a), substituted "Except to the extent provided under subsection (d) of this section, the decisions of the Office concerning" for "The decisions of the Office concerning".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–500, §1(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1), made such par. (1) subject to the provisions of par. (2), and added par. (2).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–499 added subsec. (m).

**1979**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(9), substituted "Merit Systems Protection Board" for "Commission", and "Board" for "Commission".

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), (c)(2)(F), substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing, and "3401" for "3391".

Pub. L. 95–437 inserted provision prohibiting the Commission from excluding any employee who occupies a position on a part-time career employment basis, as defined in section 3391(2) of this title.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

**1968**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 90–623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Commissioners".

Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

For effective date of amendments by Pub. L. 104–106, see Regulations; Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–296 effective Mar. 31, 1995, see section 110(a) of Pub. L. 103–296, set out as a note under section 401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–496 effective on first day of fourth month beginning after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 805 of Pub. L. 102–496, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Amendment by section 2(64) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 302(c)(1) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended by section 3(i) of Pub. L. 97–346, set out as a note under section 8337 of this title.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 96–500 provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall apply with respect to determinations made by the Office of Personnel Management on or after the first day of the first month beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–499 effective Dec. 5, 1980, see section 404(c) of Pub. L. 96–499, set out as a note under section 8339 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90–623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title.

Section 1043(b), (c) of Pub. L. 104–106 provided that:

"(b)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) shall be made within 1 year after the effective date of the regulations under subsection (b), and

"(ii) shall have the same force and effect as if it had been timely made at the time of the move,

except that no such election may be made by any individual—

"(I) who has previously made, or had an opportunity to make, an election under section 8347(q) or 8461(n) of title 5, United States Code (as in effect before being amended by this section); however, this subclause shall not be considered to render an individual ineligible, based on an opportunity arising out of a move occurring during the period described in the second sentence of paragraph (1), if no election has in fact been made by such individual based on such move;

"(II) who has not, since the move on which eligibility for the election is based, remained continuously subject (disregarding any break in service of less than 3 days) to CSRS or FERS or both seriatim (if the move was from a NAFI position) or any retirement system (or 2 or more such systems seriatim) established for employees described in section 2105(c) of such title (if the move was to a NAFI position); or

"(III) if such election would be based on a move to the Civil Service Retirement System from a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c) of such title.

"(C)

"(i)

"(ii)

"(iii)

"(I)

"(II)

"(D)

"(i)

"(I) is then currently participating in FERS; and

"(II) would then otherwise be eligible to make an election under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph, determined disregarding the matter in subclause (I) of subparagraph (B) before the first semicolon therein.

"(ii)

"(iii)

"(iv)

"(v)

"(I) appropriate transfers of individual and Government contributions are made to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund; and

"(II) the actuarial present value of future benefits under FERS attributable to service made creditable by such election is fully funded.

"(E)

"(i)

"(I) is then currently participating in any retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c) of title 5, United States Code (in this subparagraph referred to as a 'NAFI retirement system'); and

"(II) would then otherwise be eligible to make an election under subparagraphs (A) through (C) of this paragraph (determined disregarding the matter in subclause (I) of subparagraph (B) before the first semicolon therein) based on a move from FERS.

"(ii)

"(iii)

"(iv)

"(v)

"(I)

"(II)

"(3)

"(A) shall, upon request, be provided information or assistance in determining whether such individual is eligible to make an election under paragraph (2) and, if so, the exact amount of any payment which would be required of such individual in connection with any such election; and

"(B) may seek any other information or assistance relating to any such election."

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which the report required by subsec. (f) of this section is listed on page 187), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For provisions relating to the deductions and contributions required with respect to individuals electing under section 8347(q) or 8461(n) of this title to remain covered under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, chapter 84 of this title, or a retirement system for employees described in section 2105(c) of this title, see section 7202(n) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "Commissioner's".

(a) There is a Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. The Fund—

(1) is appropriated for the payment of—

(A) benefits as provided by this subchapter or by the provisions of chapter 84 of this title which relate to benefits payable out of the Fund; and

(B) administrative expenses incurred by the Office of Personnel Management in placing in effect each annuity adjustment granted under section 8340 or 8462 of this title, in administering survivor annuities and elections providing therefor under sections 8339 and 8341 of this title or subchapters II and IV of chapter 84 of this title, in administering alternative forms of annuities under sections 8343a and 8420a (and related provisions of law), in making an allotment or assignment made by an individual under section 8345(h) or 8465(b) of this title, in administering fraud prevention under sections 8345, 8345a, 8466, and 8466a of this title, and in withholding taxes pursuant to section 3405 of title 26 or section 8345(k) or 8469 of this title;

(2) is made available, subject to such annual limitation as the Congress may prescribe, for any expenses incurred by the Office in connection with the administration of this chapter, chapter 84 of this title, and other retirement and annuity statutes; and

(3) is made available, subject to such annual limitation as the Congress may prescribe, for any expenses incurred by the Merit Systems Protection Board in the administration of appeals authorized under sections 8347(d) and 8461(e) of this title.

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury may accept and credit to the Fund money received in the form of a donation, gift, legacy, or bequest, or otherwise contributed for the benefit of civil-service employees generally.

(c) The Secretary shall immediately invest in interest-bearing securities of the United States such currently available portions of the Fund as are not immediately required for payments from the Fund. The income derived from these investments constitutes a part of the Fund.

(d) The purposes for which obligations of the United States may be issued under chapter 31 of title 31 are extended to authorize the issuance at par of public-debt obligations for purchase by the Fund. The obligations issued for purchase by the Fund shall have maturities fixed with due regard for the needs of the Fund and bear interest at a rate equal to the average market yield computed as of the end of the calendar month next preceding the date of the issue, borne by all marketable interest-bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt which are not due or callable until after the expiration of 4 years from the end of that calendar month. If the average market yield is not a multiple of 1/8 of 1 percent, the rate of interest on the obligations shall be the multiple of 1/8 of 1 percent nearest the average market yield.

(e) The Secretary may purchase other interest-bearing obligations of the United States, or obligations guaranteed as to both principal and interest by the United States, on original issue or at the market price only if he determines that the purchases are in the public interest.

(f) Any statute which authorizes—

(1) new or liberalized benefits payable from the Fund, including annuity increases other than under section 8340 of this title;

(2) extension of the coverage of this subchapter to new groups of employees; or

(3) increases in pay on which benefits are computed;

is deemed to authorize appropriations to the Fund to finance the unfunded liability created by that statute, in 30 equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the then most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System and with the first payment thereof due as of the end of the fiscal year in which each new or liberalized benefit, extension of coverage, or increase in pay is effective.

(g) At the end of each fiscal year, the Office shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amount equivalent to (1) interest on the unfunded liability computed for that year at the interest rate used in the then most recent valuation of the System, and (2) that portion of disbursement for annuities for that year which the Office estimates is attributable to credit allowed for military service, less an amount determined by the Office to be appropriate to reflect the value of the deposits made to the credit of the Fund under section 8334(j) of this title. Before closing the accounts for each fiscal year, the Secretary shall credit to the Fund, as a Government contribution, out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, the following percentages of such amounts: 10 percent for 1971; 20 percent for 1972; 30 percent for 1973; 40 percent for 1974; 50 percent for 1975; 60 percent for 1976; 70 percent for 1977; 80 percent for 1978; 90 percent for 1979; and 100 percent for 1980 and for each fiscal year thereafter.

(h)(1) In this subsection, the term "Postal surplus or supplemental liability" means the estimated difference, as determined by the Office, between—

(A) the actuarial present value of all future benefits payable from the Fund under this subchapter to current or former employees of the United States Postal Service and attributable to civilian employment with the United States Postal Service; and

(B) the sum of—

(i) the actuarial present value of deductions to be withheld from the future basic pay of employees of the United States Postal Service currently subject to this subchapter under section 8334;

(ii) that portion of the Fund balance, as of the date the Postal surplus or supplemental liability is determined, attributable to payments to the Fund by the United States Postal Service and its employees, minus benefit payments attributable to civilian employment with the United States Postal Service, plus the earnings on such amounts while in the Fund; and

(iii) any other appropriate amount, as determined by the Office in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practices and principles.

(2)(A) Not later than June 15, 2007, the Office shall determine the Postal surplus or supplemental liability, as of September 30, 2006. If that result is a surplus, the amount of the surplus shall be transferred to the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund established under section 8909a by June 30, 2007.

(B) The Office shall redetermine the Postal surplus or supplemental liability as of the close of the fiscal year, for each fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2007, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 2038. If the result is a surplus, that amount shall remain in the Fund until distribution is authorized under subparagraph (C). Beginning June 15, 2017, if the result is a supplemental liability, the Office shall establish an amortization schedule, including a series of annual installments commencing on September 30 of the subsequent fiscal year, which provides for the liquidation of such liability by September 30, 2043.

(C) As of the close of the fiscal years ending September 30, 2015, 2025, 2035, and 2039, if the result is a surplus, that amount shall be transferred to the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund, and any prior amortization schedule for payments shall be terminated.

(D) Amortization schedules established under this paragraph shall be set in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practices and principles, with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System.

(E) The United States Postal Service shall pay the amounts so determined to the Office, with payments due not later than the date scheduled by the Office.

(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in computing the amount of any payment under any other subsection of this section that is based upon the amount of the unfunded liability, such payment shall be computed disregarding that portion of the unfunded liability that the Office determines will be liquidated by payments under this subsection.

(i)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Panama Canal Commission shall be liable for that portion of any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the fund which is attributable to any benefits payable from the Fund to or on behalf of employees and their survivors to the extent attributable to the amendments made by sections 1241 and 1242, and the provisions of sections 1231(b) and 1243(a)(1), of the Panama Canal Act of 1979, and the amendments made by section 3506 of the Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991.

(2) The estimated increase in the unfunded liability referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be determined by the Office of Personnel Management. The Panama Canal Commission shall pay to the Fund from funds available to it for that purpose the amount so determined in annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System.

(j)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may suspend additional investment of amounts in the Fund if such additional investment could not be made without causing the public debt of the United States to exceed the public debt limit.

(2) Any amounts in the Fund which, solely by reason of the public debt limit, are not invested shall be invested by the Secretary of the Treasury as soon as such investments can be made without exceeding the public debt limit.

(3) Upon expiration of the debt issuance suspension period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall immediately issue to the Fund obligations under chapter 31 of title 31 that (notwithstanding subsection (d) of this section) bear such interest rates and maturity dates as are necessary to ensure that, after such obligations are issued, the holdings of the Fund will replicate to the maximum extent practicable the obligations that would then be held by the Fund if the suspension of investment under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and any redemption or disinvestment under subsection (k) of this section for the purpose described in such paragraph, during such period had not occurred.

(4) On the first normal interest payment date after the expiration of any debt issuance suspension period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the Fund, from amounts in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, an amount determined by the Secretary to be equal to the excess of—

(A) the net amount of interest that would have been earned by the Fund during such debt issuance suspension period if—

(i) amounts in the Fund that were not invested during such debt issuance suspension period solely by reason of the public debt limit had been invested, and

(ii) redemptions and disinvestments with respect to the Fund which occurred during such debt issuance suspension period solely by reason of the public debt limit had not occurred, over

(B) the net amount of interest actually earned by the Fund during such debt issuance suspension period.

(5) For purposes of this subsection and subsections (k) and (l) of this section—

(A) the term "public debt limit" means the limitation imposed by section 3101(b) of title 31; and

(B) the term "debt issuance suspension period" means any period for which the Secretary of the Treasury determines for purposes of this subsection that the issuance of obligations of the United States may not be made without exceeding the public debt limit.

(k)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Secretary of the Treasury may sell or redeem securities, obligations, or other invested assets of the Fund before maturity in order to prevent the public debt of the United States from exceeding the public debt limit.

(2) The Secretary may sell or redeem securities, obligations, or other invested assets of the Fund under paragraph (1) of this subsection only during a debt issuance suspension period, and only to the extent necessary to obtain any amount of funds not exceeding the amount equal to the total amount of the payments authorized to be made from the Fund under the provisions of this subchapter or chapter 84 of this title or related provisions of law during such period. A sale or redemption may be made under this subsection even if, before the sale or redemption, there is a sufficient amount in the Fund to ensure that such payments are made in a timely manner.

(l)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury shall report to Congress on the operation and status of the Fund during each debt issuance suspension period for which the Secretary is required to take action under paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (j) of this section. The report shall be submitted as soon as possible after the expiration of such period, but not later than the date that is 30 days after the first normal interest payment date occurring after the expiration of such period.

(2) Whenever the Secretary of the Treasury determines that, by reason of the public debt limit, the Secretary will be unable to fully comply with the requirements of subsection (c) of this section, the Secretary shall immediately notify Congress of the determination. The notification shall be made in writing.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(85), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 91–93, title I, §103(a), Oct. 20, 1969, 83 Stat. 137; Pub. L. 93–349, §1, July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 354; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(37), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1244, Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 97–253, title III, §306(f), Sept. 8, 1982, 96 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–346, §3(g), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1648; Pub. L. 98–216, §3(a)(5), Feb. 14, 1984, 98 Stat. 6; Pub. L. 98–615, §2(7), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3202; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(j), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6002, Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1931; Pub. L. 100–203, title V, §5428(d), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–274; Pub. L. 101–239, title IV, §4002(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2133; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §§7001(a)(3), 7101(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–328, 1388–331; Pub. L. 101–510, div. C, title XXXV, §3506(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1847; Pub. L. 103–424, §10, Oct. 29, 1994, 108 Stat. 4366; Pub. L. 104–52, title IV, §2, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 490; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(h), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 105–362, title XIII, §1302(c), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3293; Pub. L. 108–18, §2(c), (d)(1)(A), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 625, 626; Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §802(a)(2), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3249; Pub. L. 116–126, §3(a), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 176.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(f) | 5 U.S.C. 2267. | July 31, 1956, ch. 804, §401 "Sec. 17", 70 Stat. 759. |

Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–350, §1(a), 75 Stat. 770. | ||

(g) | [Uncodified]. | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–844, §101 (par. under "Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund"), 72 Stat. 1064. |


In subsection (a), the first sentence is based on former section 2251(f), which is carried into section 8331.

In subsection (f), the words "to carry out this subchapter" are substituted for "to continue this chapter in full force and effect".

In subsection (g), the words "after the enactment of this Act" are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8348(a) | 5 App.: 2267(a). | Sept. 27, 1965, Pub. L. 89–205, §1(b), 79 Stat. 840. |


The change in subsection (f) is made for uniformity in style and because the full title of the Commission appears in subsection (a).

Sections 1241 and 1242 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 [Pub. L. 96–70], referred to in subsec. (i)(1), amended sections 8336 and 8339 of this title, respectively.

Sections 1231(b) and 1243(a)(1) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 [Pub. L. 96–70], referred to in subsec. (i)(1), are classified to sections 3671(b) and 3681(a)(1) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, respectively.

Section 3506 of the Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 [Pub. L. 101–510, div. C, title XXXV], referred to in subsec. (i)(1), amended sections 8336, 8339, and 8348 of this title.

**2020**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 116–126 inserted "in administering fraud prevention under sections 8345, 8345a, 8466, and 8466a of this title," after "8465(b) of this title,".

**2006**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–435 amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) related to postal supplemental liability.

**2003**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(c), amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) read as follows:

"(h)(1) Notwithstanding any other statute, the United States Postal Service shall be liable for that portion of any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Fund which is attributable to any benefits payable from the Fund to active and retired Postal Service officers and employees, and to their survivors, when the increase results from an employee-management agreement under title 39, or any administrative action by the Postal Service taken pursuant to law, which authorizes increases in pay on which benefits are computed.

"(2) The estimated increase in the unfunded liability, referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, shall be determined by the Office of Personnel Management. The United States Postal Service shall pay the amount so determined to the Office in 30 equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System, with the first payment thereof due at the end of the fiscal year in which an increase in pay becomes effective."

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 108–18, §2(d)(1)(A), struck out subsec. (m) which read as follows:

"(m)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the United States Postal Service shall be liable for that portion of any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Fund which is attributable to any benefits payable from the Fund to former employees of the Postal Service who first become annuitants by reason of separation from the Postal Service on or after July 1, 1971, or to their survivors, or to the survivors of individuals who die on or after July 1, 1971, while employed by the Postal Service, when the increase results from a cost-of-living adjustment under section 8340 of this title.

"(2) The estimated increase in the unfunded liability referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be determined by the Office after consultation with the Postal Service. The Postal Service shall pay the amount so determined to the Office in 15 equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Civil Service Retirement System, and with the first payment thereof due at the end of the fiscal year in which the cost-of-living adjustment with respect to which the payment relates becomes effective.

"(3) In determining any amount for which the Postal Service is liable under this subsection, the amount of the liability shall be prorated to reflect only that portion of total service (used in computing the benefits involved) which is attributable to civilian service performed after June 30, 1971, as estimated by the Office."

**1998**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–362 struck out at end "The Office shall report to the President and to the Congress the sums credited to the Fund under this subsection."

**1996**—Subsec. (l)(1). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out at end "The Secretary shall concurrently transmit a copy of such report to the Comptroller General of the United States."

**1995**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104–52 inserted "in making an allotment or assignment made by an individual under section 8345(h) or 8465(b) of this title," after "of law)," and "or section 8345(k) or 8469 of this title" before semicolon at end.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 103–424 added par. (3).

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 101–508, §7001(a)(3), inserted "in administering alternative forms of annuities under sections 8343a and 8420a (and related provisions of law)," before "and in withholding".

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 101–510 substituted "1979, and the amendments made by section 3506 of the Panama Canal Commission Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991" for "1979".

Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 101–508, §7101(a), substituted "July 1, 1971" for "October 1, 1986" in two places.

**1989**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 101–239 added subsec. (m).

**1987**—Subsec. (i)(2). Pub. L. 100–203 substituted "The Panama Canal Commission shall pay to the Fund from funds available to it" for "The Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the Fund from appropriations".

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted reference to provisions of chapter 84 of this title which relate to benefits payable out of the Fund in par. (1)(A), inserted "or 8462" and reference to subchapters II and IV of chapter 84 of this title in par. (1)(B), and inserted reference to chapter 84 of this title in par. (2).

Subsecs. (j) to (l). Pub. L. 99–509 added subsecs. (j) to (l).

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 98–615 inserted ", in administering survivor annuities and elections providing therefor under sections 8339 and 8341 of this title,".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–216 substituted "chapter 31 of title 31" for "the Second Liberty Bond Act, as amended,".

**1982**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 97–346 inserted "and in withholding taxes pursuant to section 3405 of title 26".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–253, §306(f), inserted ", less an amount determined by the Office to be appropriate to reflect the value of the deposits made to the credit of the Fund under section 8334(j) of this title" after "allowed for military service".

**1979**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 96–70 added subsec. (i).

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (g), (h)(2). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

**1975**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 94–183 substituted "30" for "thirty".

**1974**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–349 added subsec. (h).

**1969**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–93, §103(a)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1)(A) and (B) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–93, §103(a)(2), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which required the Commission to submit estimates of appropriations necessary to finance the Fund on a normal cost plus interest basis and to carry out this subchapter.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–93, §103(a)(2), added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which contained restriction against use of Fund money to pay an increase in annuity benefits or a new annuity benefit under this subchapter or an earlier statute without an appropriation being made to the Fund in a sufficient amount to prevent an immediate increase in the unfunded accrued liability of the Fund.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–435 effective Oct. 1, 2006, see section 805(a) of Pub. L. 109–435, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–18, §2(d)(2), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 627, provided that: "Nothing in this subsection [repealing subsec. (m) of this section and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall be considered to affect any payments made before the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 23, 2003] under either of the provisions of law repealed by paragraph (1)."

Section 7101(d) of Pub. L. 101–508 provided that: "This section and the amendments made by this section [amending this section, enacting provisions set out as a note under this section, and repealing provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1990."

Section 4002(b)(1) of Pub. L. 101–239, which provided that section 4002 of Pub. L. 101–239 (amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section) be effective as of Oct. 1, 1986, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7101(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–203 effective Jan. 1, 1988, see section 5429 of Pub. L. 100–203, set out as a note under section 3712 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions and specific applicability provisions, see section 4(a)(1), (5)(D) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–346 effective Sept. 8, 1982, see section 3(n) of Pub. L. 97–346, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–253 effective Oct. 1, 1982, except that any employee or Member who retired after Sept. 8, 1982, and before Oct. 1, 1985, or is entitled to an annuity under chapter 83 of this title based on a separation from service occurring during such period, or a survivor of such individual, may make a payment under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, and regulations required to be issued under section 8334(j)(1) of this title, to be issued by the Office of Personnel Management within 90 days after such effective date, see section 306(g) of Pub. L. 97–253, as amended, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–349 effective July 1, 1971, except that the Postal Service shall not be required to make (1) the payments due June 30, 1972, June 30, 1973, and June 30, 1974, attributable to pay increases granted by the Postal Service prior to July 1, 1973, until such time as funds are appropriated to the Postal Service for that purpose, and (2) the transfer to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund required by title II of the Treasury, Postal Service, and General Government Appropriation Act, 1974, Public Law 93–143, see section 3 of Pub. L. 93–349, set out as a note under section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service.

Section 103(b)(1) of Pub. L. 91–93 provided that: "The provisions of subsection (g) of section 8348 of title 5, United States Code, as contained in the amendment made by subsection (a)(2) of this section, shall become effective at the beginning of the fiscal year which ends on June 30, 1971."

Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §802(c), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3250, provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(2)

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(l), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256, provided that:

"(1) The Department of Energy shall pay into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund an amount determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be necessary to reimburse the Fund for any estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Fund resulting from the amendments related to the Civil Service Retirement System under this section [amending sections 3307, 8331, 8334 to 8336, 8401, 8412, 8415, 8422, 8423, and 8425 of this title], and for any estimated increase in the supplemental liability of the Fund resulting from the amendments related to the Federal Employees Retirement System under this section.

"(2) The Department shall pay the amount so determined in five equal annual installments with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the Federal Employees Retirement System.

"(3) The Department shall make payments under this subsection from amounts available for weapons activities of the Department."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11101(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 413, required the United States Postal Service to pay into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund a total of $693,000,000 not later than September 30, 1998, in addition to other payments required by law.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4436(d), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724, as amended by Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §341(b)(2), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2720; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title XI, §1106(b)(2), Nov. 18, 1997, 111 Stat. 1924, provided that:

"(1) In order to ensure the timely processing of applications for retirement benefits, under the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employees' Retirement System, for civilian employees of the Department of Defense and other employees who retire when their agency is undergoing a major reorganization, a major reduction in force, or a major transfer of function, the costs incurred by the Office of Personnel Management in processing any such application shall be deemed to be an administrative expense described in section 8348(a)(1)(B) of title 5, United States Code.

"(2) This subsection shall apply with respect to applications for retirement benefits based on separations occurring before January 1, 2002."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7101(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §5(a)(1), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358, related to pre-1991 cost-of-living adjustments, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 108–18, §2(d)(1)(B), Apr. 23, 2003, 117 Stat. 627.

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7103, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–333, required the United States Postal Service to pay, not later than Sept. 30, 1995, into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund and into the Employees Health Benefits Fund certain sums for retirement COLA and health benefits which would have been due in any pre-1987 fiscal year if certain amendments had been in effect as of July 1, 1971.

Section 4002(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–239, which provided that notwithstanding any provision of section 8348(m) of this title the estimated increase in the unfunded liability referred to in section 8348(m)(1) was to be payable based on annual installments equal to specified amounts for fiscal years 1987 to 1989, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7101(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331.

Section 4002(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–239, which provided that first payment made under provisions of section 8348(m) of this title was to include, in addition to the amount which would otherwise have been payable at that time, an amount equal to the sum of any amounts which would have been due under those provisions in any prior year if this section had been enacted before Oct. 1, 1986, and which provided the method of computation, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7101(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331.

Section 103(b)(2) of Pub. L. 91–93 provided that: "Paragraph (1) of this subsection [set out as Effective Date of 1969 Amendment note above], shall not be held or considered to continue in effect after the enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1969], the provisions of section 8348(g) of title 5, United States Code, as in effect immediately prior to such enactment."

Section 3 of Pub. L. 89–737, Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164, which provided that section 8348(g) of title 5, United States Code, does not apply with respect to annuity benefits resulting from the enactment of this Act [amending sections 8114, 8331, and 8704 of this title and section 1117 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees], was repealed by Pub. L. 90–83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 223.

Pub. L. 87–350, §1(b) Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 770, provided that all special issues in which the civil service retirement and disability fund was invested in accordance with subsecs. (d) and (e) of this section before Oct. 4, 1961, were to be redeemed and the moneys reinvested by the Secretary of the Treasury in equal annual amounts over the period of ten calendar years beginning with the calendar year 1962.

(a)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter, if an individual under section 8402(b)(2) is entitled, or would on proper application be entitled, to old-age insurance benefits under title II of the Social Security Act, the annuity otherwise payable to such individual shall be reduced under this subsection.

(2) A reduction under this subsection commences beginning with the first month for which the individual both—

(A) is entitled to an annuity under this subchapter; and

(B) is entitled, or would on proper application be entitled, to old-age insurance benefits under title II of the Social Security Act.

(3)(A)(i) Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraphs (B) and (C), the amount of a reduction under this subsection shall be equal to the difference between—

(I) the old-age insurance benefit which would be payable to the individual for the month referred to in paragraph (2); and

(II) the old-age insurance benefit which would be so payable, excluding all wages derived from Federal service of the individual, and assuming the individual were fully insured (as defined by section 214(a) of the Social Security Act).

(ii) For purposes of this subsection, the amount of a benefit referred to in subclause (I) or (II) of clause (i) shall be determined without regard to subsections (b) through (l) of section 203 of the Social Security Act, and without regard to the requirement that an application for such benefit be filed.

(B) A reduction under this subsection—

(i) may not exceed an amount equal to the product of—

(I) the old-age insurance benefit to which the individual is entitled (or would on proper application be entitled) for the month referred to in paragraph (2), determined without regard to subsections (b) through (l) of section 203 of the Social Security Act; and

(II) a fraction, as determined under section 8421(b)(3) with respect to the individual, except that the reference to "service" in subparagraph (A) of such section shall be considered to mean Federal service; and

(ii) may not cause the annuity payment for an individual to be reduced below zero.

(C) An amount computed under subclause (I) or (II) of subparagraph (A)(i), or under subparagraph (B)(i)(I), for purposes of determining the amount of a reduction under this subsection shall be adjusted under section 8340 of this title.

(4) A reduction under this subsection applies with respect to the annuity otherwise payable to such individual under this subchapter (other than under section 8337) for the month involved—

(A) based on service of such individual; and

(B) without regard to section 8345(j), if otherwise applicable.

(5) The operation of the preceding paragraphs of this subsection shall not be considered for purposes of applying the provisions of the second sentence of section 215(a)(7)(B)(i) or the provisions of section 215(d)(5)(ii) of the Social Security Act in determining any amount under subclause (I) or (II) of paragraph (3)(A)(i) or paragraph (3)(B)(i)(I) for purposes of this subsection.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subchapter—

(A) a disability annuity to which an individual described in section 8402(b)(2) is entitled under this subchapter, and

(B) a survivor annuity to which a person is entitled under this subchapter based on the service of an individual described in section 8402(b)(2),

shall be subject to reduction under this subsection if that individual or person is also entitled (or would on proper application also be entitled) to any similar benefits under title II of the Social Security Act based on the wages and self-employment income of such individual described in section 8402(b)(2).

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), reductions under this subsection shall be made in a manner consistent with the manner in which reductions under subsection (a) are computed and otherwise made.

(B) Reductions under this subsection shall be discontinued if, or for so long as, entitlement to the similar benefits under title II of the Social Security Act (as referred to in paragraph (1)) is terminated (or, in the case of an individual who has not made proper application therefor, would be terminated).

(3) For the purpose of applying section 224 of the Social Security Act to the disability insurance benefit used to compute the reduction under this subsection, the amount of the CSRS annuity considered shall be the amount of the CSRS annuity before application of this section.

(4) The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

(c) For the purpose of this section, the term "Federal service" means service which is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 by reason of the amendments made by section 101 of the Social Security Amendments of 1983.

(d) In administering subsections (a) through (c)—

(1) the terms "an individual under section 8402(b)(2)" and "an individual described in section 8402(b)(2)" shall each be considered to include any individual—

(A) who is subject to this subchapter as a result of any provision of law described in section 8347(o), and

(B) whose employment (as described in section 8347(o)) is also employment for purposes of title II of the Social Security Act and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(2) the term "Federal service", as applied with respect to any individual to whom this section applies as a result of paragraph (1), means any employment referred to in paragraph (1)(B) performed after December 31, 1983.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §201(b)(1), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 589; amended Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(b)(2), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1748.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in text, is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Sections 203, 214, 215, and 224 of the Social Security Act are classified to sections 403, 414, 415, and 424a, respectively, of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (d)(1)(B), is classified to chapter 21 (§3101 et seq.) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 101 of the Social Security Amendments of 1983 [Pub. L. 98–21], referred to in subsec. (c), amended section 3121 of Title 26 and sections 409 and 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 3121 of Title 26 and section 410 of Title 42.

**1988**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238 added subsec. (d).

**1986**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–238 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 108(b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

For provisions relating to offsets for prevention of full double coverage for employees of Park Police and Secret Service, see section 103(e) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

(a) For the purposes of this section, the term "retirement counselor", when used with respect to an agency, means an employee of the agency who is designated by the head of the agency to furnish information on benefits under this subchapter and chapter 84 of this title and counseling services relating to such benefits to other employees of the agency.

(b) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall establish a training program for all retirement counselors of agencies of the Federal Government.

(c)(1) The training program established under subsection (b) of this section shall provide for comprehensive training in the provisions and administration of this subchapter and chapter 84 of this title, shall be designed to promote fully informed retirement decisions by employees and Members under this subchapter and individuals subject to chapter 84 of this title, and shall be revised as necessary to assure that the information furnished to retirement counselors of agencies under the program is current.

(2) The Director shall conduct a training session under the training program at least once every 3 months.

(3) Once each year, each retirement counselor of an agency shall successfully complete a training session conducted under the training program.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §205(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 592; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title II, §202, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3135.)

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–556 substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (b)(1)".

Section effective June 6, 1986, see section 702(b)(3) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–469, §2, Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(1) not later than 6 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 21, 2004], develop and implement a retirement financial literacy and education strategy for Federal employees that—

"(A) shall educate Federal employees on the need for retirement savings and investment; and

"(B) provide information related to how Federal employees can receive additional information on how to plan for retirement and calculate what their retirement investment should be in order to meet their retirement goals; and

"(2) submit a report to the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate and the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives on the strategy described under paragraph (1)."

(a)(1) An employee or Member may elect to contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund established by section 8437 of this title.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) for individuals who are subject to chapter 84 of this title.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of subchapters III and VII of chapter 84 of this title shall apply with respect to employees and Members making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section.

(2)(A) An employee or Member may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund in any pay period any amount not exceeding the maximum percentage of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under subparagraph (B).

(B) The maximum percentage allowable under this subparagraph shall be determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of a pay period beginningin fiscal year: | The maximum percentageallowable is: |
---|---|

2001 | 6 |

2002 | 7 |

2003 | 8 |

2004 | 9 |

2005 | 10 |

2006 or thereafter | 100. |


(C) Notwithstanding any limitation under this paragraph, an eligible participant (as defined by section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) may make such additional contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund as are permitted by such section 414(v) and regulations of the Executive Director consistent therewith.

(3) No contributions may be made by an employing agency for the benefit of an employee or Member under section 8432(c) of this title.

(4) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any employee or Member who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and separates from Government employment.

(5)(A) The provisions of section 8435 of this title that require a waiver or consent by the spouse of an employee or Member (or former employee or Member) shall not apply with respect to sums in the Thrift Savings Fund contributed by the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) and earnings in the fund attributable to such sums.

(B) An election or change of election authorized by subchapter III of chapter 84 of this title shall be effective in the case of a married employee or Member, and a loan or withdrawal may be approved under section 8433(g) and (h) of this title in such case, only after the Executive Director notifies the employee's or Member's spouse that the election or change of election has been made or that the Executive Director has received an application for such loan or withdrawal, as the case may be.

(C) Subparagraph (B) may be waived with respect to a spouse if the employee or Member establishes to the satisfaction of the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board that the whereabouts of such spouse cannot be determined.

(D) Except with respect to the making of loans or withdrawals under section 8433(g) or (h), none of the provisions of this paragraph requiring notification to a spouse or former spouse of an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member shall apply in any case in which the nonforfeitable account balance of the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member is $3,500 or less.

(6) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment and such employee's or Member's nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment.

(7) For the purpose of this section, the term "nonforfeitable account balance" has the same meaning as under section 8401(32).

(8) In applying section 8432b to an employee contributing to the Thrift Savings Fund after being restored to or reemployed in a position subject to this subchapter, pursuant to chapter 43 of title 38—

(A) any reference in such section to contributions under section 8432(a) shall be considered a reference to employee contributions under this section, except that the reference in section 8432b(b)(2)(B) to employee contributions under section 8432(a) shall be considered a reference to employee contributions under this subchapter and section 8440e;

(B) the contribution rate under section 8432b(b)(2)(A) shall be the maximum percentage allowable under subsection (b)(2) of this section; and

(C) subsections (c) and (d) of section 8432b shall be disregarded.

(9) For the purpose of this section, separation from Government employment includes a transfer described in section 8431.

(c) A member of the Foreign Service described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 shall be ineligible to make any election under this section.

(d)(1) A foreign national employee of the Central Intelligence Agency whose services are performed outside the United States shall be ineligible to make an election under this section.

(2)(A) Only those employees of the Central Intelligence Agency participating in the pilot project required by section 402(b) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–306; 50 U.S.C. 403–4 note) 1 and making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund out of basic pay may also contribute (by direct transfer to the Fund) any part of bonus pay received by the employee as part of the pilot project.

(B) Contributions under this paragraph are subject to section 8432(d) of this title.

(e) The Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board may prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §206(a)(1), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 593; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §111(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750; Pub. L. 101–335, §§3(b)(1), 6(b)(1), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, 323; Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §308(a), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1265; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4437(c), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a), (i)(1), (2), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 118, 121; Pub. L. 103–353, §4(d), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3172; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §202]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–374; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(3)(B), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §203(b), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1820; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(b)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–234; Pub. L. 107–304, §1(a), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 108–177, title IV, §405(b)(1), Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2632; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(1), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3891.)

Section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(C), is classified to section 414(v) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 3903(6) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 107–306, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2383. Section 402 of the Act was formerly set out as a note under section 403–4 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and was editorially reclassified as a note under section 3505 of Title 50.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "as" for "only during a period".

**2003**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–177 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 107–304 added subpar. (C).

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "the maximum percentage of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under subparagraph (B)." for "5 percent of the amount of the employee's or Member's basic pay for such period.", and added subpar. (B).

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(8)(A). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(3)(B)(ii), inserted before semicolon at end ", except that the reference in section 8432b(b)(2)(B) to employee contributions under section 8432(a) shall be considered a reference to employee contributions under this subchapter and section 8440e".

Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(3)(B)(i), and Pub. L. 106–168, amended subsec. (b) identically, redesignating par. (11) as (8).

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 106–168 added par. (9).

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(3)(B)(i), and Pub. L. 106–168, amended subsec. (b) identically, redesignating par. (11) as (8).

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §202(1)(A)]], substituted "An election or change of election" for "An election, change of election, or modification (relating to the commencement date of a deferred annuity)", inserted "or withdrawal" after "and a loan" and "and (h)" after "8433(g)", substituted "the election or change of election" for "the election, change of election, or modification", and inserted "or withdrawal" after "for such loan".

Subsec. (b)(5)(D). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §202(1)(B)]], inserted "or withdrawals" after "of loans" and "or (h)" after "8433(g)".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §202(2)]], substituted "less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation" for "$3,500 or less" and struck out "unless the employee or Member elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under subsection (b)" before period at end.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(1), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: "Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any employee or Member who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and separates from Government employment entitled to an immediate annuity under this subchapter (including a disability retirement annuity under section 8337 of this title), separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force, or separates from Government employment entitled to benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title."

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (7) as (5) and struck out former par. (5) which read as follows: "Section 8433(c) of this title applies to any employee or Member who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and separates entitled to a deferred annuity under this subchapter."

Subsec. (b)(5)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(4), (i)(1), (2), substituted "section 8433(g)" for "section 8433(i)" in subpars. (B) and (D) and struck out "or former spouse" after "spouse" in two places in subpar. (C).

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(5), amended par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (6) read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraphs (4) and (5), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment under circumstances making such employee or Member eligible to make an election under subsection (b) or (c) of section 8433, and such employee's or Member's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the employee or Member elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under such subsection (b) or (c), as applicable."

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (9) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "Section 8433(d) of this title applies to any employee or Member who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and separates from the service before becoming entitled to an immediate or deferred annuity under this subchapter."

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(6), which directed substitution of "nonforfeitable" for "nonforfeiture", could not be executed because the term "nonforfeiture" does not appear in text.

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(3), redesignated par. (10) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (5).

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(2), struck out par. (8) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraph (6), if an employee or Member who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) separates from Government employment before becoming entitled to a deferred or immediate annuity under this subchapter, and such employee's or Member's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the employee or Member elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in section 8433(e)."

Subsec. (b)(9), (10). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(3), redesignated pars. (9) and (10) as (6) and (7), respectively.

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 103–353 added par. (11).

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–484 inserted ", separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force," after "section 8337 of this title)".

**1991**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–183 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(7)(D). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(1)(B), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(1)(A), added par. (8).

Pub. L. 101–335, §3(b)(1), struck out par. (8) which read as follows: "Sums contributed under this section and earnings attributable to such sums may be invested and reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of this title."

Subsec. (b)(9), (10). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(1)(A), added pars. (9) and (10).

**1988**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 100–238 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Pub. L. 107–304, §1(c), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2363, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8432 and 8440f of this title] shall take effect as of the earliest practicable date, as determined by the Executive Director (appointed under section 8474(a) of title 5, United States Code) in regulations."

Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(c)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–234, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) the term 'election period' means a period afforded under section 8432(b) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) the term 'Executive Director' has the meaning given such term by section 8401(13) of title 5, United States Code."

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–168 applicable with respect to transfers occurring before, on, or after Dec. 12, 1999, with special rule for applying amendment with respect to transfers occurring before Dec. 12, 1999, see section 203(c) of Pub. L. 106–168, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8431 of this title.

Amendment by section 661(a)(3)(B)(ii) of Pub. L. 106–65 effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed, see section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8440e of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to any employee whose release from military service, discharge from hospitalization, or other similar event making the individual eligible to seek restoration or reemployment under chapter 43 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, occurs on or after Aug. 2, 1990, with special rules for applying amendment to employees restored or reemployed before effective date, see section 4(e), (f) of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8432b of this title.

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(j), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 122, provided that: "This section [amending this section and sections 8433 to 8435, 8437, and 8440a to 8440d of this title] shall take effect 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 30, 1994] or on such earlier date as the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board shall provide in regulation." [Implementing regulations were published in the Federal Register Feb. 21, 1995, 60 F.R. 9595, effective Mar. 10, 1995.]

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4437(d), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2725, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8433 and 8435 of this title] shall apply with respect to separations occurring after December 31, 1993, or such earlier date as the Executive Director (appointed under section 8474 of title 5, United States Code) may by regulation prescribe."

Pub. L. 102–183, title III, §308(b), Dec. 4, 1991, 105 Stat. 1266, provided that:

"(1) The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as of January 1, 1987.

"(2) Any refund which becomes payable as a result of the effective date specified in paragraph (1) shall, to the extent that that refund involves an individual's contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund (established under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code), be adjusted to reflect any earnings attributable thereto."

Pub. L. 101–335, §3(c), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 321, provided that: "Subsections (a) and (b), and the amendments made by such subsections [amending this section and sections 8438, 8440a, and 8440b of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8438 of this title], shall be effective as of the second election period described in section 8432(b) of title 5, United States Code, beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990], or as of such earlier date as the Executive Director may by regulation prescribe."

Pub. L. 101–335, §6(c), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 324, provided that: "This section, and the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8401, 8433, 8435, 8440a, and 8440b of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8433 of this title], shall be effective as of the second election period described in section 8432(b) of title 5, United States Code, beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990] (or as of such earlier date as the Executive Director may by regulation prescribe), and shall apply with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date."

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §111(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1750, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective as of March 31, 1987. Any refund which becomes payable as a result of the preceding sentence shall, to the extent that such refund involves an individual's contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund (established under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code), be adjusted to reflect any earnings attributable thereto."

Section effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §206(b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 594, as amended by Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(b), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1930, provided that an election could first be made by a Federal employee or a Member of Congress under 5 U.S.C. 8351 (a)(2) during an election period prescribed by Executive Director of Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board to begin on Apr. 1, 1987, with such election to take effect on first day of employee's or Member's first pay period which began on or after the date of the election. The maximum amount that an employee or Member could elect to contribute during any pay period which began on or after Apr. 1, 1987, and before Oct. 1, 1987, was an amount equal to 7.5 percent of the individual's basic pay for that period.

1 See References in Text note below.








**2020**—Pub. L. 116–126, §2(b)(3)(B), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 175, added item 8466a.

**2012**—Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(b)(2), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 914, added item 8412a.

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1904(b)(3)(B), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2617, added item 8422 and struck out former item 8422 "Deductions from pay; contributions for other service".

Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §§103(b), 107(b), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1854, 1856, added items 8432d and 8480.

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(b)(2)(C), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1244, substituted "other service" for "military service" in item 8422.

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(7)(B)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–234, added item 8440f.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §203(a)(2), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1820, added item 8431.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §334(b)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–441, added item 8432c.

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §§661(a)(2)(B), 663, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 671, 673, as amended by Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §661(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–167, added item 8440e, effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–368, title V, §512(b)(2)(B), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3342, substituted "Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims" for "Judges of the United States Court of Veterans Appeals" in item 8440d.

**1996**—Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §206(b)(1)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378, struck out item 8431 "Definition".

**1994**—Pub. L. 103–353, §4(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3172, added item 8432b.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516, substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" in item 8440c.

Pub. L. 102–378, §5(d)(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358, amended directory language of Pub. L. 101–198, §7(c)(4)(B). See 1991 Amendment note below.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(2), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1625, redesignated item 8440b "Claims Court judges" as item 8440c.

Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(4)(B), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1625, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §5(d)(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358, redesignated item 8440c "Judges of the United States Court of Veterans Appeals" as item 8440d.

Pub. L. 102–82, §5(a)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 376, added item 8440c "Judges of the United States Court of Veterans Appeals".

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §306(d)(2), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5111, which directed the amendment of the table of sections for this chapter by adding at the end thereof item 8440b "Claims Court judges", was executed by adding that item after the first item 8440b.

Pub. L. 101–335, §§2(a)(2), 9(b), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, 326, added item 8432a and redesignated item 8440a "Bankruptcy judges and magistrates" as item 8440b.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–659, §7(b), Nov. 15, 1988, 102 Stat. 3920, added item 8440a "Bankruptcy judges and magistrates".

Pub. L. 100–654, title IV, §401(b), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3847, added item 8440a "Justices and judges".

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §124(a)(2), (b)(2), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1756, added item 8464a, redesignated item 8457 as 8456, and struck out former item 8456 "Relationship to workers' compensation".

**1986**—Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §110(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132, added item 8478a.

Words "magistrate judges" substituted for "magistrates" in item 8440b pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) the term "account" means an account established and maintained under section 8439(a) of this title;

(2) the term "annuitant" means a former employee or Member who, on the basis of that individual's service, meets all requirements for title to an annuity under subchapter II or V of this chapter and files claim therefor;

(3) the term "average pay" means the largest annual rate resulting from averaging an employee's or Member's rates of basic pay in effect over any 3 consecutive years of service or, in the case of an annuity under this chapter based on service of less than 3 years, over the total service, with each rate weighted by the period it was in effect;

(4) the term "basic pay" has the meaning given such term by section 8331(3);

(5) the term "Board" means the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board established by section 8472(a) of this title;

(6) the term "Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund" or "Fund" means the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund under section 8348;

(7) the term "court" means any court of any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, or the Virgin Islands, and any Indian court;

(8) the term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Personnel Management;

(9) the term "dynamic assumptions" means economic assumptions that are used in determining actuarial costs and liabilities of a retirement system and in anticipating the effects of long-term future—

(A) investment yields;

(B) increases in rates of basic pay; and

(C) rates of price inflation;

(10) the term "earnings", when used with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund, means the amount of the gain realized or yield received from the investment of sums in such Fund;

(11) the term "employee" means—

(A) an individual referred to in subparagraph (A), (E), (F), (H), (I), (J), or (K) of section 8331(1) of this title;

(B) a Congressional employee as defined in section 2107 of this title, including a temporary Congressional employee and an employee of the Congressional Budget Office; and

(C) an employee described in section 2105(c) who has made an election under section 8461(n)(1) to remain covered under this chapter;

whose civilian service after December 31, 1983, is employment for the purposes of title II of the Social Security Act and chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, except that such term does not include—

(i) any individual referred to in—

(I) clause (i), (vi), or (ix) of paragraph (1) of section 8331;

(II) clause (ii) of such paragraph; or

(III) the undesignated material after the last clause of such paragraph;

(ii) any individual excluded under section 8402(c) of this title;

(iii) a member of the Foreign Service described in section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980; or

(iv) an employee who has made an election under section 8461(n)(2) to remain covered by a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c);

(12) the term "former spouse" means a former spouse of an individual—

(A) if such individual performed at least 18 months of civilian service creditable under section 8411 as an employee or Member; and

(B) if the former spouse was married to such individual for at least 9 months;

(13) the term "Executive Director" means the Executive Director appointed under section 8474(a);

(14) the term "firefighter" means—

(A) an employee, the duties of whose position—

(i) are primarily to perform work directly connected with the control and extinguishment of fires; and

(ii) are sufficiently rigorous that employment opportunities should be limited to young and physically vigorous individuals, as determined by the Director considering the recommendations of the employing agency; and

(B) an employee who is transferred directly to a supervisory or administrative position after performing duties described in subparagraph (A) for at least 3 years;

(15) the term "Government" means the Federal Government, Gallaudet College, and, in the case of an employee described in paragraph (11)(C), a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c);

(16) the term "Indian court" has the meaning given such term by section 8331(24);

(17) the term "law enforcement officer" means—

(A) an employee, the duties of whose position—

(i) are primarily—

(I) the investigation, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States, or

(II) the protection of officials of the United States against threats to personal safety; and

(ii) are sufficiently rigorous that employment opportunities should be limited to young and physically vigorous individuals, as determined by the Director considering the recommendations of the employing agency;

(B) an employee of the Department of the Interior or the Department of the Treasury (excluding any employee under subparagraph (A)) who occupies a position that, but for the enactment of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, would be subject to the District of Columbia Police and Firefighters' Retirement System, as determined by the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of the Treasury, as appropriate;

(C) an employee who is transferred directly to a supervisory or administrative position after performing duties described in subparagraph (A) and (B) for at least 3 years; and

(D) an employee—

(i) of the Bureau of Prisons or Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated;

(ii) of the Public Health Service assigned to the field service of the Bureau of Prisons or of the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated; or

(iii) in the field service at Army or Navy disciplinary barracks or at any other confinement and rehabilitation facility operated by any of the armed forces;

whose duties in connection with individuals in detention suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws of the United States or of the District of Columbia or offenses against the punitive articles of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (chapter 47 of title 10) require frequent direct contact with these individuals in their detention and are sufficiently rigorous that employment opportunities should be limited to young and physically vigorous individuals, as determined by the head of the employing agency;

(18) the term "loss", as used with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund, includes the amount of any loss resulting from the investment of sums in such Fund, or from the breach of any responsibility, duty, or obligation under section 8477.1

(19) the term "lump-sum credit" means the unrefunded amount consisting of—

(A) retirement deductions made from the basic pay of an employee or Member under section 8422(a) of this title (or under section 204 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983);

(B) amounts deposited by an employee or Member under section 8422(e);

(C) amounts deposited by an employee, Member, or survivor under section 8411(f) or 8422(i); and

(D) interest on the deductions and deposits which, for any calendar year, shall be equal to the overall average yield to the Fund during the preceding fiscal year from all obligations purchased by the Secretary of the Treasury during such fiscal year under section 8348(c), (d), and (e), as determined by the Secretary (compounded annually);

but does not include interest—

(i) if the service covered thereby aggregates 1 year or less; or

(ii) for a fractional part of a month in the total service;

(20) the term "Member" has the same meaning as provided in section 2106, except that such term does not include an individual who irrevocably elects, by written notice to the official by whom such individual is paid, not to participate in the Federal Employees' Retirement System, and who (in the case of an individual who is a Member of the House of Representatives, including a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress) serves as a Member prior to the date of the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004;

(21) the term "net earnings" means the excess of earnings over losses;

(22) the term "net losses" means the excess of losses over earnings;

(23) the term "normal-cost percentage" means the entry-age normal cost of the provisions of the System which relate to the Fund, computed by the Office in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practice and standards (using dynamic assumptions) and expressed as a level percentage of aggregate basic pay;

(24) the term "Office" means the Office of Personnel Management;

(25) the term "price index" has the same meaning as provided in section 8331(15);

(26) the term "service" means service which is creditable under section 8411;

(27) the term "supplemental liability" means the estimated excess of—

(A) the actuarial present value of all future benefits payable from the Fund under this chapter based on the service of current or former employees or Members, over

(B) the sum of—

(i) the actuarial present value of deductions to be withheld from the future basic pay of employees and Members currently subject to this chapter pursuant to section 8422;

(ii) the actuarial present value of the future contributions to be made pursuant to section 8423(a) with respect to employees and Members currently subject to this chapter;

(iii) the Fund balance as of the date the supplemental liability is determined, to the extent that such balance is attributable—

(I) to the System, or

(II) to contributions made under the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 by or on behalf of an individual who became subject to the System; and

(iv) any other appropriate amount, as determined by the Office in accordance with generally accepted actuarial practices and principles;

(28) the term "survivor" means an individual entitled to an annuity under subchapter IV of this chapter;

(29) the term "System" means the Federal Employees' Retirement System described in section 8402(a);

(30) the term "military technician (dual status)" means an employee described in section 10216 of title 10;

(31) the term "military service" means honorable active service—

(A) in the armed forces;

(B) in the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service after June 30, 1960; or

(C) in the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or a predecessor entity in function, after June 30, 1961;

and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but does not include service in the National Guard except when ordered to active duty in the service of the United States or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that occurs on or after August 1, 1990;

(32) the term "nonforfeitable account balance" means any amounts in an account, established and maintained under subchapter III, which are nonforfeitable (as determined under section 8432(g));

(33) "Nuclear materials courier" has the meaning given that term in section 8331(27);

(34) the term "Government physician" has the meaning given such term under section 5948;

(35) the term "air traffic controller" or "controller" means—

(A) a controller within the meaning of section 2109(1); and

(B) a civilian employee of the Department of Transportation or the Department of Defense who is the immediate supervisor of a person described in section 2109(1)(B);

(36) the term "customs and border protection officer" means an employee in the Department of Homeland Security (A) who holds a position within the GS–1895 job series (determined applying the criteria in effect as of September 1, 2007) or any successor position, and (B) whose duties include activities relating to the arrival and departure of persons, conveyances, and merchandise at ports of entry, including any such employee who is transferred directly to a supervisory or administrative position in the Department of Homeland Security after performing such duties (as described in subparagraph (B)) in 1 or more positions (as described in subparagraph (A)) for at least 3 years;

(37) the term "revised annuity employee" means any individual who—

(A) on December 31, 2012—

(i) is not an employee or Member covered under this chapter;

(ii) is not performing civilian service which is creditable service under section 8411; and

(iii) has less than 5 years of creditable civilian service under section 8411; and

(B) after December 31, 2012, and before January 1, 2014, becomes employed as an employee or becomes a Member covered under this chapter performing service which is creditable service under section 8411;

(38) the term "further revised annuity employee" means any individual who—

(A) on December 31, 2013—

(i) is not an employee or Member covered under this chapter;

(ii) is not performing civilian service which is creditable service under section 8411; and

(iii) has less than 5 years of creditable civilian service under section 8411; and

(B) after December 31, 2013, becomes employed as an employee or becomes a Member covered under this chapter performing service which is creditable service under section 8411; and

(39) "representative payee" means a person (including an organization) designated under section 8466(c)(1) to receive payments on behalf of a minor or an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 517; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §§107, 109, 119, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132, 3134; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§103(a)(2), (c), (d)(2), 113(b)(1), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1744, 1745, 1750; Pub. L. 100–679, §13(a)(2), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4071; Pub. L. 101–335, §6(a)(1), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 322; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(o), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(k)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–338; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019; Pub. L. 103–353, §5(c), (e)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3174; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §206(a)(1)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(f), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(c)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 106–571, §3(c)(2), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3056; Pub. L. 108–83, title I, §104(a), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1017; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(a)(2), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(1), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1115(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 361; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1904(b)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2616; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(a), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title IV, §401(a), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1183; Pub. L. 116–126, §2(a)(2), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 174.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (11), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Chapter 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in par. (11), is classified to chapter 21 (§3101 et seq.) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 103(6) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (11)(iii), is classified to section 3903(6) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

The Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, referred to in par. (17)(B), is Pub. L. 99–335, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 514. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8401 of this title and Tables.

The Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983, referred to in pars. (19)(A) and (27)(B)(iii)(II), is Pub. L. 98–168, title II, Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1106, which is set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

The date of the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004, referred to in par. (20), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–83, which was approved Sept. 30, 2003.

**2020**—Par. (39). Pub. L. 116–126 added par. (39).

**2013**—Par. (37)(B). Pub. L. 113–67, §401(a)(2), inserted "and before January 1, 2014," after "after December 31, 2012,".

Par. (38). Pub. L. 113–67, §401(a)(1), added par. (38).

**2012**—Par. (37). Pub. L. 112–96 added par. (37).

**2009**—Par. (19)(C). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "8411(f) or 8422(i);" for "8411(f);".

**2008**—Par. (31). Pub. L. 110–181, in concluding provisions, substituted "and includes service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, but" for "but".

**2007**—Par. (36). Pub. L. 110–161 added par. (36).

**2003**—Par. (20). Pub. L. 108–83 inserted before semicolon at end ", and who (in the case of an individual who is a Member of the House of Representatives, including a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress) serves as a Member prior to the date of the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004".

Par. (35). Pub. L. 108–176 added par. (35).

**2000**—Par. (34). Pub. L. 106–571 added par. (34).

**1999**—Par. (30). Pub. L. 106–65 amended par. (30) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (30) read as follows: "the term 'military reserve technician' means a member of one of the reserve components of the armed forces specified in section 10101 of title 10 who—

"(A) is assigned to a civilian position as a technician in the administration and training of such reserve components or in the maintenance and repair of supplies issued to such reserve components; and

"(B) as a condition of employment in such position, is required to be a member of one of such reserve components serving in a specified military grade;".

**1998**—Par. (33). Pub. L. 105–261 added par. (33).

**1996**—Par. (4). Pub. L. 104–208 struck out "except as provided in subchapter III of this chapter," before "the term".

**1994**—Par. (11). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(e)(1), in flush provisions before cl. (i), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Par. (30). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "section 10101" for "section 261(a)" in introductory provisions.

Par. (31). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(c), in closing provisions, inserted before semicolon "or full-time National Guard duty (as such term is defined in section 101(d) of title 10) if such service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and is followed by reemployment in accordance with chapter 43 of title 38 that occurs on or after August 1, 1990".

**1990**—Par. (11)(C). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(k)(1)(A)(i)–(iii), added subpar. (C).

Par. (11)(i)(I). Pub. L. 101–474 struck out "(v)," after "(i),".

Par. (11)(iv). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(k)(1)(A)(iv)–(vi), added cl. (iv).

Par. (15). Pub. L. 101–508, §7202(k)(1)(B), substituted ", Gallaudet College, and, in the case of an employee described in paragraph (11)(C), a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c);" for "and Gallaudet College;".

Par. (32). Pub. L. 101–335 added par. (32).

**1988**—Par. (11)(A). Pub. L. 100–679 substituted "(J), or (K)" for "or (J)".

Par. (11)(i)(II). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(d)(2), struck out "(other than an employee of the United States Park Police, or the United States Secret Service, whose civilian service after December 31, 1983, is such employment)".

Par. (11)(iii). Pub. L. 100–238, §113(b)(1), added cl. (iii).

Par. (14)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(a)(2), substituted "should be" for "are required to be".

Par. (14)(B). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(c)(2), substituted "for at least 3 years" for "for at least 10 years".

Par. (17). Pub. L. 100–238, §103(a)(2), (c)(1), in subpar. (A)(ii), substituted "should be" for "are required to be", added subpar. (B), redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C) and amended it generally, substituting "subparagraph (A) and (B) for at least 3 years" for "subparagraph (A) for at least 10 years", redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D), and in concluding provisions, substituted "should be" for "are required to be".

**1986**—Par. (11). Pub. L. 99–556, §119, struck out "any of" before "whose civilian service" in two places.

Par. (18). Pub. L. 99–556, §109, amended par. (18) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (18) read as follows: "the term 'loss', when used with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund, means the amount of the loss resulting from the investment of sums in such Fund;".

Par. (19)(C), (D). Pub. L. 99–556, §107, added subpar. (C) and redesignated former subpar. (C) as (D).

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 effective on Mar. 18, 2020, and applicable on and after the effective date of regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) of Pub. L. 116–126, see sections 4 and 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out respectively as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note and a Regulations note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–181 applicable to any annuity, eligibility for which is based upon a separation occurring before, on, or after Jan. 28, 2008, and any period of service as a cadet at the United States Military Academy, the United States Air Force Academy, or the United States Coast Guard Academy, or as a midshipman at the United States Naval Academy, occurring before, on, or after Jan. 28, 2008, see section 1115(c) of Pub. L. 110–181, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(c), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530, provided that:

"(1)

"(A) shall take effect on the 60th day after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 2003]; and

"(B) shall apply with respect to—

"(i) any annuity entitlement to which is based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after the effective date of this section; and

"(ii) any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after the effective date of this section, subject to paragraph (2).

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) the deductions from pay which would have been required for such service if the amendments made by subsection (a)(2) had been in effect when such service was performed, exceeds

"(ii) the unrefunded deductions or deposits actually made under subchapter II of chapter 84 of such title with respect to such service.

An amount under this subparagraph shall include interest, computed under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) of such title 5.

"(B)

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 103(a)(2), (c), and (d)(2) of Pub. L. 100–238, effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 103(f) of Pub. L. 100–238, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §113(b)(2), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1751, provided that: "The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 1987. Any refund which becomes payable as a result of the preceding sentence shall, to the extent that such refund involves an individual's contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund (established under section 8437 of title 5, United States Code), be adjusted to reflect any earnings attributable thereto."

Pub. L. 99–335, title VII, §702(a), (b), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 631, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(2) Except as provided in section 305 of this Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under section 8331 of this title], title III of this Act, and the amendments made by such title [amending sections 3121 and 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and section 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8331, 8432, and 8472 of this title and section 6103 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 8331 of this title], shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(3) The amendments made by sections 204 and 205 of this Act [enacting sections 8343a and 8350 of this title and amending section 8342 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(4) Section 701 of this Act [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8472 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(5) Sections 505 [amending provisions formerly set out as a note under section 403 of Title 50, War and National Defense] and 601 of this Act and the amendments made by such section 601 [not classified to the Code] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act."

Reference to a specific date in section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out above, for certain purposes, deemed to be a reference to the first day of the first pay period beginning after such date, or to the day before such day, as appropriate, see section 505 of Pub. L. 99–556, set out as a Coordination With Pay Periods note under section 8331 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §201, Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1817, provided that: "This title [enacting section 8431 of this title, amending sections 8351, 8402, and 8411 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8402 and 8431 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Reserve Board Retirement Portability Act'."

Pub. L. 105–274, §1, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2419, provided that: "This Act [amending section 8402 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8402 of this title] may be cited as the 'District of Columbia Courts and Justice Technical Corrections Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §101]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, provided that: "This title [title I (§§101–104) of section 659 of section 101(f) of Pub. L. 104–208, amending sections 8438 and 8439 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8438 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Investment Funds Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §201]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–374, provided that: "This title [title II (§§201–207) of section 659 of section 101(f) of Pub. L. 104–208, amending this section and sections 5545a, 8351, 8433, 8435, and 8440a to 8440c of this title, repealing section 8431 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 5545a and 8433 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 5343 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Plan Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 101–335, §1, July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 319, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 8432a of this title, amending this section and sections 3392, 8351, 8433 to 8435, 8438, 8440a, 8440b, and 8477 of this title, renumbering former section 8440a of this title as section 8440b, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3392, 8351, 8432a, 8433, 8434, and 8438 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 8477 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Plan Technical Amendments Act of 1990'."

Pub. L. 100–43, §1, May 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 315, provided: "That this Act [amending section 8438 of this title] may be cited as the 'Thrift Savings Fund Investment Act of 1987'."

Pub. L. 99–556, §1, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3131, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 8478a of this title and section 4069 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, amending this section and sections 6301, 8332, 8350, 8402, 8411 to 8413, 8415, 8421a, 8442, 8443, 8452, 8457, 8461, 8462, 8477, 8478, and 8901 of this title and sections 4046, 4064, 4071c, 4071d, and 4071j of Title 22, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 6301, 8331, 8332, 8335, 8341, 8477, and 8478 of this title and section 4046 of Title 22, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 8331 and 8341 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees' Retirement System Technical Corrections Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §100(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 514, provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, sections 8343a, 8349, 8350, and 8351 of this title, and sections 4068 and 4071 to 4071k of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, amending sections 2105, 2109, 5102, 5314, 6301, 6303, 8116, 8331, 8332, 8334, 8342, 8347, 8348, 8701, 8706, 8714, 8714b, 8714c, 8901, and 8905 of this title, section 1605 of Title 10, Armed Forces, sections 4041 to 4049, 4054 to 4056, 4058, 4060, 4061, 4063, 4064, 4066, and 4067 of Title 22, sections 3121 and 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and section 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8331, 8351, 8432, and 8472 of this title, sections 3901 and 4046 of Title 22, and section 6103 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 8331 of this title and sections 402 and 403 of Title 50, War and National Defense] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986'."

Regulations to carry out amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 to be promulgated by Office of Personnel Management no later than 1 year after Mar. 18, 2020, with allowance for additional regulations relating to administration of representative payee program, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 108–83, title I, §104(b), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1018, provided that:

"(1) During the 60-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2004 [Sept. 30, 2003], any individual who, as of such date, is serving as a Member of the House of Representatives and on such date is not subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, may elect to become subject to such chapter.

"(2) Any election under this paragraph shall be carried out in accordance with such procedures as the Office of Personnel Management may provide.

"(3) In this subsection, the term 'Member of the House of Representatives' includes a Delegate or Resident Commissioner to the Congress."

Pub. L. 104–52, title VI, §640, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 513, as amended by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §629(a)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–362, provided that: "Hereafter, service performed during the period January 1, 1984, through December 31, 1986, which would, if performed after that period, be considered service as a law enforcement officer, as defined in section 8401(17)(A)(i)(II) and (B) of title 5, United States Code, shall be deemed service as a law enforcement officer for the purposes of chapter 84 of such title."

[Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §629(b)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–362, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 640 of Pub. L. 104–52, set out above] shall take effect as if included in Public Law 104–52 on the date of its enactment [Nov. 19, 1995]."]

Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §100A, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 516, provided that: "The purposes of this Act [see Short Title note above] are—

"(1) to establish a Federal employees' retirement plan which is coordinated with title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.];

"(2) to ensure a fully funded and financially sound retirement benefits plan for Federal employees;

"(3) to enhance portability of retirement assets earned as an employee of the Federal Government;

"(4) to provide options for Federal employees with respect to retirement planning;

"(5) to assist in building a quality career work force in the Federal Government;

"(6) to encourage Federal employees to increase personal savings for retirement; and

"(7) to extend financial protection from disability to additional Federal employees and to increase such protection for eligible Federal employees."

Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §307, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 607, as amended by Pub. L. 100–366, §1, July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 826, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the normal-cost percentage (as defined by section 8401(23) of title 5, United States Code, as added by this Act) of the Federal Employees' Retirement System shall be used to value the cost of such System to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund for all purposes in which the cost of the System is required to be determined by the Federal Government. For any comparisons between the cost of performing commercial activities under the contract with commercial sources and the cost of performing such activities using Government facilities and personnel, the cost of the System shall include the cost of such System to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund as specified in the preceding sentence, the cost of the thrift savings plan under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, and the cost of social security."

Pub. L. 99–335, title VII, §702(c), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 631, provided that:

"(1) For purposes of the first adjustment under subsection (b) of section 8462 of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 101 of this Act), the base quarter ending on September 30, 1986, shall be considered to have been the base quarter for a year in which an adjustment under such subsection was made.

"(2) As used in paragraph (1), the term 'base quarter' has the meaning provided by section 8462(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code (as added by section 101 of this Act)."

1 So in original. The period probably should be a semicolon.

(a) The provisions of this chapter comprise the Federal Employees' Retirement System.

(b) The provisions of this chapter shall not apply with respect to—

(1) any individual who has performed service of a type described in subparagraph (C), (D), (E), or (F) of section 210(a)(5) of the Social Security Act continuously since December 31, 1983 (determined in accordance with the provisions of section 210(a)(5)(B) of the Social Security Act, relating to continuity of employment); or

(2)(A) any employee or Member who has separated from the service after—

(i) having been subject to—

(I) subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title;

(II) subchapter I of chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980; or

(III) the benefit structure for employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed before January 1, 1984, that is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act; and

(ii) having completed—

(I) at least 5 years of civilian service creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title;

(II) at least 5 years of civilian service creditable under subchapter I of chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980; or

(III) at least 5 years of civilian service (other than any service performed in the employ of a Federal Reserve Bank) creditable under the benefit structure for employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed before January 1, 1984, that is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act,

determined without regard to any deposit or redeposit requirement under either such subchapter or under such benefit structure, or any requirement that the individual become subject to either such subchapter or to such benefit structure after performing the service involved; or

(B) any employee having at least 5 years of civilian service performed before January 1, 1987, creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title (determined without regard to any deposit or redeposit requirement under such subchapter, any requirement that the individual become subject to such subchapter after performing the service involved, or any requirement that the individual give notice in writing to the official by whom such individual is paid of such individual's desire to become subject to such subchapter);

except to the extent provided for under subsection (d) of this section or title III of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 pursuant to an election under such title to become subject to this chapter.

(c)(1) The Office may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee or group of employees in or under an Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, or the Postal Regulatory Commission, whose employment is temporary or intermittent, except an employee whose employment is part-time career employment (as defined in section 3401(2)).

(2) The Architect of the Capitol may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee under the Office of the Architect of the Capitol whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(3) The Librarian of Congress may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee under the Library of Congress whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(4) The Director or Acting Director of the Botanic Garden may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee under the Botanic Garden whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(5) The Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate each may exclude from the operation of this chapter a Congressional employee—

(A) whose employment is temporary or intermittent; and

(B) who is paid by such Chief Administrative Officer or Secretary, as the case may be.

(6) The Director of the Office of Technology Assessment may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee under the Office of Technology Assessment whose employment is temporary or intermittent.

(7) The Director of the Congressional Budget Office may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee under the Congressional Budget Office whose employment is temporary or intermittent.

(8) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, the Federal Judicial Center, or a court named by section 610 of title 28, whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(9) The Joint Committee on Judicial Administration in the District of Columbia may exclude from the operation of this chapter an employee of the District of Columbia Courts whose employment is temporary or of uncertain duration.

(d) Paragraph (2) of subsection (b) shall not apply to an individual who—

(1) becomes subject to—

(A) subchapter II of chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (relating to the Foreign Service Pension System) pursuant to an election; or

(B) the benefit structure in which employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed on or after January 1, 1984, participate, which benefit structure is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act (and any redesignated or successor version of such benefit structure, if so identified in writing by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for purposes of this chapter); and

(2) subsequently enters a position in which, but for paragraph (2) of subsection (b), such individual would be subject to this chapter.

(e) A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is covered by section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988 shall be excluded from the operation of this chapter, other than subchapters III and VII of such chapter, if the judge or magistrate judge notifies the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of an election of a retirement annuity under those provisions. Upon such election, the judge or magistrate judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8424 of this title.

(f) A judge who is covered by section 7296 of title 38 shall be excluded from the operation of this chapter if the judge notifies the Director of the Office of Personnel Management of an election of a retirement annuity under that section. Upon such election, the judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8424 of this title.

(g) A judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is covered by section 178 of title 28 shall be excluded from the operation of this chapter, other than subchapters III and VII of such chapter, if the judge notifies the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts of an election of a retirement annuity under those provisions. Upon such election, the judge shall be entitled to a lump-sum credit under section 8424 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 521; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §116, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §130, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 100–659, §6(c), Nov. 15, 1988, 102 Stat. 3919; Pub. L. 101–94, title I, §102(b), Aug. 16, 1989, 103 Stat. 626; Pub. L. 101–474, §5(p), Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1100; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §§306(e)(3), 321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5112, 5117; Pub. L. 102–40, title IV, §402(d)(2), May 7, 1991, 105 Stat. 239; Pub. L. 102–198, §7(d), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1625; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 104–53, title I, §115, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 527; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(13), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 105–274, §6(a), Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2424; Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §202(b), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1818; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241.)

Section 210(a)(5) of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is classified to section 410(a)(5) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

The Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 99–335, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 514. Title III of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 amended sections 3121 and 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and section 410 of Title 42, enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 8331, 8401, 8432, and 8472 of this title and section 6103 of Title 26, and amended provisions set out as a note under section 8331 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 8401 of this title and Tables.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2)(A)(i)(II), (ii)(II) and (d)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Subchapters I and II of chapter 8 of title I of the Act are classified generally to parts I (§4041 et seq.) and II (§4071 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter VIII of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2)(A)(i)(III), (ii)(III) and (d)(1)(B), is section 10 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 260. For classification of section 10 to the Code, see Codification note set out under section 241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and Tables.

Section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (e), is section 2(c) of Pub. L. 100–659, which is set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

**2006**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 106–168, §202(b)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: "any employee or Member who has separated from the service after—

"(i) having been subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, or subchapter I of chapter 8 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980; and

"(ii) having completed at least 5 years of civilian service creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, or at least 5 years of civilian service creditable under subchapter I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (determined without regard to any deposit or redeposit requirement under either such subchapter, or any requirement that the individual become subject to either such subchapter after performing the service involved); or".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–168, §202(b)(2), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Paragraph (2) of subsection (b) shall not apply to an individual who becomes subject to subchapter II of chapter 8 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (relating to the Foreign Service Pension System) pursuant to an election and who subsequently enters a position in which, but for such paragraph (2), he would be subject to this chapter."

**1998**—Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 105–274 added par. (9).

**1996**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk" in introductory provisions and subpar. (B).

**1995**—Subsec. (c)(7), (8). Pub. L. 104–53 added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).

**1992**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

**1991**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–40 substituted "section 7296 of title 38" for "section 4096 of title 38".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–198 inserted a comma after "such chapter".

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 101–474 added par. (7).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–650 added subsec. (g).

**1989**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–94 added subsec. (f).

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–238, §130(1), inserted "subsection (d) of this section or" before "title III" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238, §130(2), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–659 added subsec. (e).

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 99–556 added pars. (5) and (6).

Words "magistrate judge" substituted for "magistrate" wherever appearing in subsec. (e) pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §202(d), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1819, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

Pub. L. 105–274, §10, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2429, provided that: "Except as otherwise specifically provided, this Act [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8401 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall take effect as if included in the enactment of title XI of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 [Pub. L. 105–33]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 applicable to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 306(f) of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–659 effective Nov. 15, 1988, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who retire on or after Nov. 15, 1988, with exception for judges and magistrate judges retiring on or after July 31, 1987, see section 9 of Pub. L. 100–659, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §202(c), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1819, provided that: "A former employee of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System who—

"(1) has at least 5 years of civilian service (other than any service performed in the employ of a Federal Reserve Bank) creditable under the benefit structure for employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed before January 1, 1984, that is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act [Act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, see Codification note set out under 12 U.S.C. 241];

"(2) was subsequently employed subject to the benefit structure in which employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed on or after January 1, 1984, participate, which benefit structure is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act (and any redesignated or successor version of such benefit structure, if so identified in writing by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for purposes of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code); and

"(3) after service described in paragraph (2), becomes subject to and thereafter entitled to benefits under chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code,

shall, for purposes of section 302 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335] (100 Stat. 601; 5 U.S.C. 8331 note) be considered to have become subject to chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code, pursuant to an election under section 301 of such Act [5 U.S.C. 8331 note]."

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the benefits payable under the System are in addition to the benefits payable under the Social Security Act.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 522.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in text, is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, an employee or Member must complete at least 5 years of civilian service creditable under section 8411 in order to be eligible for an annuity under this subchapter.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 522.)

(a)(1) The total service of an employee or Member is the full years and twelfth parts thereof, excluding from the aggregate the fractional part of a month, if any.

(2) Credit may not be allowed for a period of separation from the service in excess of 3 calendar days.

(b) For the purpose of this chapter, creditable service of an employee or Member includes—

(1) employment as an employee, and any service as a Member (including the period from the date of the beginning of the term for which elected or appointed to the date of taking office as a Member), after December 31, 1986;

(2) except as provided in subsection (f), service with respect to which deductions and withholdings under section 204(a)(1) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 have been made;

(3) except as provided in subsection (f) or (h), any civilian service (performed before January 1, 1989, other than any service under paragraph (1) or (2)) which, but for the amendments made by subsections (a)(4) and (b) of section 202 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, would be creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title (determined without regard to any deposit or redeposit requirement under such subchapter, any requirement that the individual become subject to such subchapter after performing the service involved, or any requirement that the individual give notice in writing to the official by whom such individual is paid of such individual's desire to become subject to such subchapter);

(4) a period of service (other than any service under any other paragraph of this subsection and other than any military service) that was creditable under the Foreign Service Pension System described in subchapter II of chapter 8 1 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, if the employee or Member waives credit for such service under the Foreign Service Pension System and makes a payment to the Fund equal to the amount that would have been deducted from pay under section 8422(a) had the employee been subject to this chapter during such period of service (together with interest on such amount computed under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e));

(5) a period of service (other than any service under any other paragraph of this subsection, any military service, and any service performed in the employ of a Federal Reserve Bank) that was creditable under the Bank Plan (as defined in subsection (i)), if the employee waives credit for such service under the Bank Plan and makes a payment to the Fund equal to the amount that would have been deducted from pay under section 8422(a) had the employee been subject to this chapter during such period of service (together with interest on such amount computed under paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e)); and

(6) service performed by any individual as an employee paid from nonappropriated funds of an instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c) that is not otherwise creditable, if the individual elects (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office) to have such service credited under this paragraph.

Paragraph (5) shall not apply in the case of any employee as to whom subsection (g) (or, to the extent subchapter III of chapter 83 is involved, section 8332(n)) otherwise applies.

(c)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (5), an employee or Member shall be allowed credit for—

(A) each period of military service performed before January 1, 1957; and

(B) each period of military service performed after December 31, 1956, and before the separation on which title to annuity is based, if a deposit (including interest, if any) is made with respect to such period in accordance with section 8422(e).

(2) If an employee or Member is awarded retired pay based on any period of military service, the service of the employee or Member may not include credit for such period of military service unless the retired pay is awarded—

(A) based on a service-connected disability—

(i) incurred in combat with an enemy of the United States; or

(ii) caused by an instrumentality of war and incurred in line of duty during a period of war as defined by section 1101 of title 38; or

(B) under chapter 1223 of title 10 (or under chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act).

(3) An employee or Member who has made a deposit under section 8334(j) (or a similar prior provision of law) with respect to a period of military service, and who has not taken a refund of such deposit—

(A) shall be allowed credit for such service without regard to the deposit requirement under paragraph (1)(B); and

(B) shall be entitled, upon filing appropriate application therefor with the Office, to a refund equal to the difference between—

(i) the amount deposited with respect to such period under such section 8334(j) (or prior provision), excluding interest; and

(ii) the amount which would otherwise have been required with respect to such period under paragraph (1)(B).

(4)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (2), for purposes of computing a survivor annuity for a survivor of an employee or Member—

(i) who was awarded retired pay based on any period of military service, and

(ii) whose death occurs before separation from the service,

creditable service of the deceased employee or Member shall include each period of military service includable under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) or under paragraph (3). In carrying out this subparagraph, any amount deposited under section 8422(e)(5) shall be taken into account.

(B) A survivor annuity computed based on an amount which, under authority of subparagraph (A), takes into consideration any period of military service shall be reduced by the amount of any survivor's benefits—

(i) payable to a survivor (other than a child) under a retirement system for members of the uniformed services;

(ii) if, or to the extent that, such benefits are based on such period of military service.

(C) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph, including regulations under which—

(i) a survivor may elect not to be covered by this paragraph; and

(ii) this paragraph shall be carried out in any case which involves a former spouse.

(5) If, after January 1, 1997, an employee or Member waives retired pay that is subject to a court order for which there has been effective service on the Secretary concerned for purposes of section 1408 of title 10, the military service on which the retired pay is based may be credited as service for purposes of this chapter only if the employee or Member authorizes the Director to deduct and withhold from the annuity payable to the employee or Member under this subchapter an amount equal to the amount that, if the annuity payment was instead a payment of the employee's or Member's retired pay, would have been deducted and withheld and paid to the former spouse covered by the court order under such section 1408. The amount deducted and withheld under this paragraph shall be paid to that former spouse. The period of civil service employment by the employee or Member shall not be taken into consideration in determining the amount of the deductions and withholding or the amount of the payment to the former spouse. The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out this paragraph.

(d) Credit under this chapter shall be allowed for leaves of absence without pay granted an employee while performing military service, or while receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81. An employee or former employee who returns to duty after a period of separation is deemed, for the purpose of this subsection, to have been on leave of absence without pay for that part of the period in which that individual was receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81. Credit may not be allowed for so much of other leaves of absence without pay as exceeds 6 months in the aggregate in a calendar year.

(e) Credit shall be allowed for periods of approved leave without pay granted an employee to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees (as defined by section 8331(1) or 8401(11)), subject to the employee arranging to pay, through the employee's employing agency, within 60 days after commencement of such leave without pay, amounts equal to the retirement deductions and agency contributions which would be applicable under sections 8422(a) and 8423(a), respectively, if the employee were in pay status. If the election and all payments provided by this subsection are not made, the employee may not receive credit for the periods of leave without pay, notwithstanding the third sentence of subsection (d).

(f)(1) An employee or Member who has received a refund of retirement deductions under subchapter III of chapter 83 with respect to any service described in subsection (b)(2) or (b)(3) may not be allowed credit for such service under this chapter unless such employee or Member deposits an amount equal to 1.3 percent of basic pay for such service, with interest. A deposit under this paragraph may be made only with respect to a refund received pursuant to an application filed with the Office before the date on which the employee or Member first becomes subject to this chapter.

(2) An employee or Member may not be allowed credit under this chapter for any service described in subsection (b)(3) for which retirement deductions under subchapter III of chapter 83 have not been made, unless such employee or Member deposits an amount equal to 1.3 percent of basic pay for such service, with interest.

(3) Interest under paragraph (1) or (2) shall be computed in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) and regulations prescribed by the Office.

(4) For the purpose of survivor annuities, deposits authorized by the preceding provisions of this subsection may also be made by a survivor of an employee or Member.

(g) Any employee who—

(1) served in a position in which the employee was excluded from coverage under this subchapter because the employee was covered under a retirement system established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act; and

(2) transferred without a break in service to a position to which the employee was appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, and in which position the employee is subject to this subchapter,

shall be treated for all purposes of this subchapter as if any service that would have been creditable under the retirement system established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act was service performed while subject to this subchapter if any employee and employer deductions, contributions or rights with respect to the employee's service are transferred from such retirement system to the Fund.

(h) An employee or Member shall be allowed credit for service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B,1 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or as a volunteer or volunteer leader under the Peace Corps Act performed at any time prior to the separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this subchapter is based if the employee or Member has made a deposit with interest, if any, with respect to such service under section 8422(f).

(i) 2 For purposes of subsection (b)(5), the term "Bank Plan" means the benefit structure in which employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System appointed on or after January 1, 1984, participate, which benefit structure is a component of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System, established under section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act (and any redesignated or successor version of such benefit structure, if so identified in writing by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System for purposes of this chapter).

(i)(1) 2 Upon application to the Office of Personnel Management, any individual who was an employee on the date of enactment of this paragraph, and who has on such date or thereafter acquired 5 years or more of creditable civilian service under this section (exclusive of service for which credit is allowed under this subsection) shall be allowed credit (as service as a congressional employee) for service before December 31, 1990, while employed by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee, the Democratic National Congressional Committee, or the Republican National Congressional Committee, if—

(A) such employee has at least 4 years and 6 months of service on such committees as of December 31, 1990; and

(B) such employee deposits to the Fund an amount equal to 1.3 percent of the base pay for such service, with interest.

(2) The Office shall accept the certification of the President of the Senate (or the President's designee) or the Speaker of the House of Representatives (or the Speaker's designee), as the case may be, concerning the service of, and the amount of compensation received by, an employee with respect to whom credit is to be sought under this subsection.

(3) An individual shall not be granted credit for such service under this subsection if eligible for credit under section 8332(m) for such service.

(k)(1) 3 The Office of Personnel Management shall accept, for the purposes of this chapter, the certification of the head of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the United States concerning service of the type described in subsection (b)(6) that was performed for such nonappropriated fund instrumentality.

(2) Service credited under subsection (b)(6) may not also be credited under any other retirement system provided for employees paid from nonappropriated funds of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality.

(l)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the service of an individual finally convicted of an offense described in paragraph (2) shall not be taken into account for purposes of this chapter, except that this sentence applies only to service rendered as a Member (irrespective of when rendered). Any such individual (or other person determined under section 8424(d), if applicable) shall be entitled to be paid so much of such individual's lump-sum credit as is attributable to service to which the preceding sentence applies.

(2) An offense described in this paragraph is any offense described in section 8332(o)(2)(B) for which the following apply:

(A) Every act or omission of the individual (referred to in paragraph (1)) that is needed to satisfy the elements of the offense occurs while the individual is a Member, the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government.

(B) Every act or omission of the individual that is needed to satisfy the elements of the offense directly relates to the performance of the individual's official duties as a Member, the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government.

(C) The offense is committed after the date of enactment of this subsection.

(3) An individual convicted of an offense described in paragraph (2) shall not, after the date of the final conviction, be eligible to participate in the retirement system under this chapter while serving as a Member.

(4) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection. Such regulations shall include—

(A) provisions under which interest on any lump-sum payment under the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be limited in a manner similar to that specified in the last sentence of section 8316(b); and

(B) provisions under which the Office may provide for—

(i) the payment, to the spouse or children of any individual referred to in the first sentence of paragraph (1), of any amounts which (but for this clause) would otherwise have been nonpayable by reason of such first sentence, subject to paragraph (5); and

(ii) an appropriate adjustment in the amount of any lump-sum payment under the second sentence of paragraph (1) to reflect the application of clause (i).

(5) Regulations to carry out clause (i) of paragraph (4)(B) shall include provisions to ensure that the authority to make any payment under such clause to the spouse or children of an individual shall be available only to the extent that the application of such clause is considered necessary and appropriate taking into account the totality of the circumstances, including the financial needs of the spouse or children, whether the spouse or children participated in an offense described in paragraph (2) of which such individual was finally convicted, and what measures, if any, may be necessary to ensure that the convicted individual does not benefit from any such payment.

(6) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the terms "finally convicted" and "final conviction" refer to a conviction (i) which has not been appealed and is no longer appealable because the time for taking an appeal has expired, or (ii) which has been appealed and the appeals process for which is completed;

(B) the term "Member" has the meaning given such term by section 2106, notwithstanding section 8401(20); and

(C) the term "child" has the meaning given such term by section 8441.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 522; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §103, title V, §502(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3131, 3140; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§104(b), 105(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 102–83, §5(c)(2), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 406; Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §466(b), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2385; Pub. L. 103–82, title III, §371(b)(1), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 910; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VI, §637(b), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2580; Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §202(a), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1817; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. A, §901(a)(2)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–196; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(b)(1), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1243; Pub. L. 110–81, title IV, §401(b), Sept. 14, 2007, 121 Stat. 756; Pub. L. 112–105, §15(a)(2), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 301.)

Section 204(a)(1) of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [Pub. L. 98–168], referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Subsections (a)(4) and (b) of section 202 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335], referred to in subsec. (b)(3), amended section 8331(1) and (2) of this title.

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Subchapter II of chapter 8 of the Act probably means subchapter II of chapter 8 of title I of the Act which is classified generally to part II (§4071 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B), means chapter 67 (§1331 et seq.) of Title 10, Armed Forces, prior to its transfer to part II of subtitle E of Title 10, its renumbering as chapter 1223, and its general revision by section 1662(j)(1) of Pub. L. 103–337. A new chapter 67 (§1331) of Title 10 was added by section 1662(j)(7) of Pub. L. 103–337. For effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (Pub. L. 103–337, title XVI), see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10.

Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsecs. (g) and (i), is section 10 of act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 260. For classification of section 10 to the Code, see Codification note set out under section 241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and Tables.

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 73 Stat. 508. Part A of title VIII of that Act is part A of title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, which was classified generally to part A (§2992 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417. See sections 4951 et seq. and 5055 of Title 42.

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394. Parts A and C of title I of the Act are classified generally to parts A (§4951 et seq.) and C (§4991 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part B of title I of the Act, which was classified generally to part B (§4971 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–13, title II, §2121, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1584. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Peace Corps Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§2501 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of Title 22 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (i)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–554, which was approved Dec. 21, 2000.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (l)(2)(C), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–81, which was approved Sept. 14, 2007.

**2012**—Subsec. (l)(2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 112–105 inserted ", the President, the Vice President, or an elected official of a State or local government" after "Member".

**2007**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 110–81 added subsec. (l).

**2001**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(b)(1)(A), added par. (6).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(b)(1)(B), added subsec. (k).

**2000**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–554 added subsec. (i) relating to credit for service as congressional employee for certain service before Dec. 31, 1990.

**1999**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–168, §202(a)(1), in par. (3), struck out "and" at end, in par. (4), substituted "other paragraph" for "of the preceding provisions" and "; and" for period at end, and added par. (5) and concluding provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–168, §202(a)(2), added subsec. (i) defining "Bank Plan" for purposes of subsec. (b)(5).

**1996**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–201, §637(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted "Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (5)" for "Except as provided in paragraph (2) or (3)".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 104–201, §637(b)(1), added par. (5).

**1994**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "chapter 1223 of title 10 (or under chapter 67 of that title as in effect before the effective date of the Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act)" for "chapter 67 of title 10".

**1993**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 103–82, §371(b)(1)(A), substituted "subsection (f) or (h)" for "subsection (f)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–82, §371(b)(1)(B), added subsec. (h).

**1991**—Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 102–83 substituted "section 1101 of title 38" for "section 301 of title 38".

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–242 added subsec. (g).

**1988**—Subsec. (c)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–238, §104(b), substituted "section 8422(e)(5)" for "subsection (f)(4)" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, §105(a), inserted at end "A deposit under this paragraph may be made only with respect to a refund received pursuant to an application filed with the Office before the date on which the employee or Member first becomes subject to this chapter."

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 99–556, §103(1), inserted "except as provided in subsection (f),".

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 99–556, §502(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 99–556, §103(2), inserted "(b)(2) or".

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–107 applicable only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after Dec. 28, 2001, see section 1132(c) of Pub. L. 107–107, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–168 effective Dec. 12, 1999, and applicable only to individuals who separate from service subject to chapter 84 of this title on or after Dec. 12, 1999, see section 202(d) of Pub. L. 106–168, set out as a note under section 8402 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–201 effective Jan. 1, 1997, see section 637(c) of Pub. L. 104–201, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, and applicable with respect to any individual entitled to an annuity on the basis of a separation from service occurring before, on, or after Oct. 1, 1993, subject to rule relating to annuities based on earlier separations, see sections 371(c) and 392 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as notes under section 8332 of this title and section 4951 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–242 applicable with respect to any individual who transfers to a position in which he or she is subject to subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title or chapter 84 of this title, on or after Oct. 1, 1991, see section 466(c) of Pub. L. 102–242, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by section 502(b) of Pub. L. 99–556 applicable to a survivor of an employee or member who dies on or after the 180th day after Oct. 27, 1986, and to other survivors upon application, see section 502(c) of Pub. L. 99–556, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

Pub. L. 107–228, div. A, title III, §321, Sept. 30, 2002, 116 Stat. 1380, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) it was performed by such individual—

"(A) after December 31, 1988, and before May 24, 1998;

"(B) at a United States diplomatic mission, consular post (other than a consular agency), or other Foreign Service post abroad; and

"(C) under a temporary appointment pursuant to sections 309 and 311 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3949 and 3951);

"(2) at the time of performing such service, such individual would have satisfied all eligibility requirements under regulations of the Department (as in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 2002]) for a family member limited noncareer appointment (within the meaning of such regulations, as in effect on such date of enactment), except that, in applying this paragraph, an individual not employed by the Department while performing such service shall be treated as if then so employed;

"(3) such service would have been creditable under section 8411(b)(3) of such title 5 if—

"(A) the service had been performed before January 1, 1989; and

"(B) the deposit requirements of section 8411(f) of such title 5 had been met with respect to such service;

"(4) such service would not otherwise be creditable under the Federal Employees' Retirement System or any other retirement system for employees of the United States Government (disregarding title II of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.]); and

"(5) the total amount of service performed by such individual (satisfying paragraphs (1) through (4)) is not less than 90 days.

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) shall file a written application with the Office of Personnel Management not later than 36 months after the effective date of the regulations prescribed to carry out this section (as specified in those regulations); and

"(B) shall remit to the Office (for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund) the total amount that, under section 8422 of such title 5, should have been deducted from the basic pay of such individual for such service if such service had then been creditable under such chapter 84.

"(2)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(3)

"(A) shall be made in such time, form, and manner as the Office of Personnel Management may by regulation require; and

"(B) shall be computed with interest (in accordance with section 8334(e) of title 5, United States Code, and such requirements as the Office may by regulation prescribe).

"(4)

"(A)

"(B)

"(C)

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(d)

"(e)

"(1)

"(A) which is based on the service of an individual who performed service described in subsection (a), and

"(B) which commences on or after the effective date of the regulations prescribed to carry out this section (as determined under subsection (b)(1)(A)),

shall (subject to subsection (b)(1)) be computed taking into account all service described in subsection (a) that was performed by such individual.

"(2)

"(A)

"(i) which is based on the service of an individual who performed service described in subsection (a), and

"(ii) which commences before the effective date referred to in paragraph (1)(B),

shall (subject to subsection (b)(1)) be recomputed taking into account all service described in subsection (a) that was performed by such individual.

"(B)

"(i) which is based on the service of an individual who performed service described in subsection (a),

"(ii) the requirements for entitlement which could not be met without taking into account service described in subsection (a), and

"(iii) which (if service described in subsection (a) had been taken into account, and an appropriate application been submitted) would have commenced before the effective date referred to in paragraph (1)(B),

shall (subject to subsection (b)(1)) be computed taking into account all service described in subsection (a) that was performed by such individual.

"(C)

"(i) if pursuant to subparagraph (A), be effective as of the commencement date of the annuity or survivor annuity involved; and

"(ii) if pursuant to subparagraph (B), be effective as of the commencement date that would have applied if application for the annuity or survivor annuity involved had been submitted on the earliest date possible in order for it to have been approved.

"(D)

"(E)

"(f)

[For definitions of "Department" and "Secretary" as used in section 321 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out above, see section 3 of Pub. L. 107–228, set out as a note under section 2651 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.]

1 See References in Text note below.

2 So in original. Two subsecs. (i) have been enacted.

3 So in original. No subsec. (j) has been enacted.

(a) An employee or Member who is separated from the service after attaining the applicable minimum retirement age under subsection (h) and completing 30 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(b) An employee or Member who is separated from the service after becoming 60 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(c) An employee or Member who is separated from the service after becoming 62 years of age and completing 5 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(d)(1) An employee who is separated from the service, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency—

(A) after completing 25 years of service as a law enforcement officer, member of the Capitol Police or Supreme Court Police, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 25 years, or

(B) after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a law enforcement officer, member of the Capitol Police or Supreme Court Police, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer, or any combination of such service totaling at least 20 years,

is entitled to an annuity.

(2)(A) In this paragraph—

(i) the term "affected individual" means an individual covered under this chapter who—

(I) is performing service in a covered position;

(II) while on duty, becomes ill or is injured as a direct result of the performance of such duties before the date on which the individual becomes entitled to an annuity under paragraph (1) of this subsection or subsection (e), as applicable;

(III) because of the illness or injury described in subclause (II), is permanently unable to render useful and efficient service in the employee's covered position, as determined by the agency in which the individual was serving when such individual incurred the illness or injury; and

(IV) is appointed to a position in the civil service that—

(aa) is not a covered position; and

(bb) is within an agency that regularly appoints individuals to supervisory or administrative positions related to the activities of the former covered position of the individual;

(ii) the term "covered position" means a position as a law enforcement officer, customs and border protection officer, firefighter, air traffic controller, nuclear materials courier, member of the Capitol Police, or member of the Supreme Court Police.

(B) Unless an affected individual files an election described in subparagraph (E), creditable service by the affected individual in a position described in subparagraph (A)(i)(IV) shall be treated as creditable service in a covered position for purposes of this chapter and determining the amount to be deducted and withheld from the pay of the affected individual under section 8422.

(C) Subparagraph (B) shall only apply if the affected employee transitions to a position described in subparagraph (A)(i)(IV) without a break in service exceeding 3 days.

(D) The service of an affected individual shall no longer be eligible for treatment under subparagraph (B) if such service occurs after the individual—

(i) is transferred to a supervisory or administrative position related to the activities of the former covered position of the individual; or

(ii) meets the age and service requirements that would subject the individual to mandatory separation under section 8425 if such individual had remained in the former covered position.

(E) In accordance with procedures established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, an affected individual may file an election to have any creditable service performed by the affected individual treated in accordance with this chapter without regard to subparagraph (B).

(F) Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to apply to such affected individual any other pay-related laws or regulations applicable to a covered position.

(e) An employee who is separated from the service, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency—

(1) after completing 25 years of service as an air traffic controller, or

(2) after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as an air traffic controller,

is entitled to an annuity.

(f) A Member who is separated from the service, except by resignation or expulsion—

(1) after completing 25 years of service, or

(2) after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service,

is entitled to an annuity.

(g)(1) An employee or Member who is separated from the service after attaining the applicable minimum retirement age under subsection (h) and completing 10 years of service is entitled to an annuity. This subsection shall not apply to an employee or Member who is entitled to an annuity under any other provision of this section.

(2) An employee or Member entitled to an annuity under this subsection may defer the commencement of such annuity by written election. The date to which the commencement of the annuity is deferred may not precede the 31st day after the date of filing the election, and must precede the date on which the employee or Member becomes 62 years of age.

(3) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which an election under paragraph (2) shall be made.

(h)(1) The applicable minimum retirement age under this subsection is—

(A) for an individual whose date of birth is before January 1, 1948, 55 years of age;

(B) for an individual whose date of birth is after December 31, 1947, and before January 1, 1953, 55 years of age plus the number of months in the age increase factor determined under paragraph (2)(A);

(C) for an individual whose date of birth is after December 31, 1952, and before January 1, 1965, 56 years of age;

(D) for an individual whose date of birth is after December 31, 1964, and before January 1, 1970, 56 years of age plus the number of months in the age increase factor determined under paragraph (2)(B); and

(E) for an individual whose date of birth is after December 31, 1969, 57 years of age.

(2)(A) For an individual whose date of birth occurs during the 5-year period consisting of calendar years 1948 through 1952, the age increase factor shall be equal to two-twelfths times the number of months in the period beginning with January 1948 and ending with December of the year in which the date of birth occurs.

(B) For an individual whose date of birth occurs during the 5-year period consisting of calendar years 1965 through 1969, the age increase factor shall be equal to two-twelfths times the number of months in the period beginning with January 1965 and ending with December of the year in which the date of birth occurs.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 524; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §105(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3131; Pub. L. 101–428, §3(a), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(g), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(2), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(1), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2294.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

**2022**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 117–225 designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).

**2007**—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer," for "or nuclear materials courier,".

**2000**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–553 inserted "or Supreme Court Police" after "Capitol Police" in pars. (1) and (2).

**1998**—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–261 substituted "firefighter, or nuclear materials courier" for "or firefighter".

**1990**—Subsec. (d)(1), (2). Pub. L. 101–428 substituted "officer, member of the Capitol Police," for "officer".

**1986**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–556 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

For provisions relating to promulgation of regulations to carry out the amendments made by Pub. L. 117–225, see section 3(e) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

(a) For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "composite retirement annuity" means the annuity computed when a phased retiree attains full retirement status;

(2) the term "full retirement status" means that a phased retiree has ceased employment and is entitled, upon application, to a composite retirement annuity;

(3) the term "phased employment" means the less-than-full-time employment of a phased retiree;

(4) the term "phased retiree" means a retirement-eligible employee who—

(A) makes an election under subsection (b); and

(B) has not entered full retirement status;

(5) the term "phased retirement annuity" means the annuity payable under this section before full retirement;

(6) the term "phased retirement percentage" means the percentage which, when added to the working percentage for a phased retiree, produces a sum of 100 percent;

(7) the term "phased retirement period" means the period beginning on the date on which an individual becomes entitled to receive a phased retirement annuity and ending on the date on which the individual dies or separates from phased employment;

(8) the term "phased retirement status" means that a phased retiree is concurrently employed in phased employment and eligible to receive a phased retirement annuity;

(9) the term "retirement-eligible employee"—

(A) means an individual who, if the individual separated from the service, would meet the requirements for retirement under subsection (a) or (b) of section 8412; and

(B) does not include—

(i) an individual who, if the individual separated from the service, would meet the requirements for retirement under subsection (d) or (e) of section 8412; but

(ii) does not include an employee described in section 8425 after the date on which the employee is required to be separated from the service by reason of such section; and

(10) the term "working percentage" means the percentage of full-time employment equal to the quotient obtained by dividing—

(A) the number of hours per pay period to be worked by a phased retiree, as scheduled in accordance with subsection (b)(2); by

(B) the number of hours per pay period to be worked by an employee serving in a comparable position on a full-time basis.

(b)(1) With the concurrence of the head of the employing agency, and under regulations promulgated by the Director, a retirement-eligible employee who has been employed on a full-time basis for not less than the 3-year period ending on the date on which the retirement-eligible employee makes an election under this subsection may elect to enter phased retirement status.

(2)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), at the time of entering phased retirement status, a phased retiree shall be appointed to a position for which the working percentage is 50 percent.

(B) The Director may, by regulation, provide for working percentages different from the percentage specified under subparagraph (A), which shall be not less than 20 percent and not more than 80 percent.

(C) The working percentage for a phased retiree may not be changed during the phased retiree's phased retirement period.

(D)(i) Not less than 20 percent of the hours to be worked by a phased retiree shall consist of mentoring.

(ii) The Director may, by regulation, provide for exceptions to the requirement under clause (i).

(iii) Clause (i) shall not apply to a phased retiree serving in the United States Postal Service. Nothing in this clause shall prevent the application of clause (i) or (ii) with respect to a phased retiree serving in the Postal Regulatory Commission.

(3) A phased retiree—

(A) may not be employed in more than one position at any time; and

(B) may transfer to another position in the same or a different agency, only if the transfer does not result in a change in the working percentage.

(4) A retirement-eligible employee may make not more than one election under this subsection during the retirement-eligible employee's lifetime.

(5) A retirement-eligible employee who makes an election under this subsection may not make an election under section 8420a.

(c)(1) Except as otherwise provided under this subsection, the phased retirement annuity for a phased retiree is the product obtained by multiplying—

(A) the amount of an annuity computed under section 8415 that would have been payable to the phased retiree if, on the date on which the phased retiree enters phased retirement status, the phased retiree had separated from service and retired under section 8412 (a) or (b); by

(B) the phased retirement percentage for the phased retiree.

(2) A phased retirement annuity shall be paid in addition to the basic pay for the position to which a phased retiree is appointed during the phased employment.

(3) A phased retirement annuity shall be adjusted in accordance with section 8462.

(4)(A) A phased retirement annuity shall not be subject to reduction for any form of survivor annuity, shall not serve as the basis of the computation of any survivor annuity, and shall not be subject to any court order requiring a survivor annuity to be provided to any individual.

(B) A phased retirement annuity shall be subject to a court order providing for division, allotment, assignment, execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process on the same basis as other annuities.

(5)(A) Any deposit, or election of an actuarial annuity reduction in lieu of a deposit, for military service or for creditable civilian service for which retirement deductions were not made or refunded, shall be made by a retirement-eligible employee at or before the time the retirement-eligible employee enters phased retirement status. No such deposit may be made, or actuarial adjustment in lieu thereof elected, at the time a phased retiree enters full retirement status.

(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), if a phased retiree does not make such a deposit and dies in service as a phased retiree, a survivor of the phased retiree shall have the same right to make such deposit as would have been available had the employee not entered phased retirement status and died in service.

(6) A phased retirement annuity shall commence on the date on which a phased retiree enters phased employment.

(7) No unused sick leave credit may be used in the computation of the phased retirement annuity.

(d) All basic pay not in excess of the full-time rate of pay for the position to which a phased retiree is appointed shall be deemed to be basic pay for purposes of sections 8422 and 8423.

(e) Under such procedures as the Director may prescribe, a phased retiree may elect to enter full retirement status at any time. Upon making such an election, a phased retiree shall be entitled to a composite retirement annuity.

(f)(1) Except as provided otherwise under this subsection, a composite retirement annuity is a single annuity computed under regulations prescribed by the Director, equal to the sum of—

(A) the amount of the phased retirement annuity as of the date of full retirement, including any adjustments made under section 8462; and

(B) the product obtained by multiplying—

(i) the amount of an annuity computed under section 8412 that would have been payable at the time of full retirement if the individual had not elected a phased retirement and as if the individual was employed on a full-time basis in the position occupied during the phased retirement period and before any adjustment to provide for a survivor annuity; by

(ii) the working percentage.

(2) After computing a composite retirement annuity under paragraph (1), the Director shall adjust the amount of the annuity for any applicable reductions for a survivor annuity.

(3) A composite retirement annuity shall be adjusted in accordance with section 8462, except that subsection (c)(1) of that section shall not apply.

(4) In computing a composite retirement annuity under paragraph (1)(B)(i), the unused sick leave to the credit of a phased retiree at the time of entry into full retirement status shall be adjusted by dividing the number of hours of unused sick leave by the working percentage.

(g)(1) Under such procedures and conditions as the Director may provide, and with the concurrence of the head of employing agency, a phased retiree may elect to terminate phased retirement status and return to a full-time work schedule.

(2) Upon entering a full-time work schedule based on an election under paragraph (1), the phased retirement annuity of a phased retiree shall terminate.

(3) After termination of the phased retirement annuity under this subsection, the individual's rights under this chapter shall be determined based on the law in effect at the time of any subsequent separation from service. For purposes of this chapter, at the time of the subsequent separation from service, the phased retirement period shall be treated as if it had been a period of part-time employment with the work schedule described in subsection (b)(2).

(h) For purposes of subchapter IV—

(1) the death of a phased retiree shall be deemed to be the death in service of an employee;

(2) except for purposes of section 8442(b)(1)(A)(i), the phased retirement period shall be deemed to have been a period of part-time employment with the work schedule described in subsection (b)(2) of this section; and

(3) for purposes of section 8442(b)(1)(A)(i), the phased retiree shall be deemed to have been at the full-time rate of pay for the position occupied.

(i) Employment of a phased retiree shall not be deemed to be part-time career employment, as defined in section 3401(2).

(j) A phased retiree is not eligible to receive an annuity supplement under section 8421.

(k) For purposes of subchapter III, a phased retiree shall be deemed to be an employee.

(l) For purposes of section 8445(d), retirement shall be deemed to occur on the date on which a phased retiree enters into full retirement status.

(m) A phased retiree is not eligible to apply for an annuity under subchapter V.

(n) A phased retiree is not subject to section 8468.

(o) For purposes of chapter 87, a phased retiree shall be deemed to be receiving basic pay at the rate of a full-time employee in the position to which the phased retiree is appointed.

(Added Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title I, §100121(b)(1), July 6, 2012, 126 Stat. 910.)

Section effective on Nov. 6, 2014, see section 100121(d) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective Date of 2012 Amendment note under section 8331 of this title.

(a) An employee or Member who is separated from the service, or transferred to a position in which the employee or Member does not continue subject to this chapter, after completing 5 years of service is entitled to an annuity beginning at the age of 62 years.

(b)(1) An employee or Member who is separated from the service, or transferred to a position in which the employee or Member does not continue subject to this chapter, after completing 10 years of service but before attaining the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h) is entitled to an annuity beginning on the date designated by the employee or Member in a written election under this subsection. The date designated under this subsection may not precede the date on which the employee or Member attains such minimum retirement age and must precede the date on which the employee or Member becomes 62 years of age.

(2) The election of an annuity under this subsection shall not be effective unless—

(A) it is made at such time and in such manner as the Office shall by regulation prescribe; and

(B) the employee or Member will not otherwise be eligible to receive an annuity within 31 days after filing the election.

(3) The election of an annuity under this subsection extinguishes the right of the employee or Member to receive any other annuity based on the service on which the annuity under this subsection is based.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 525; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §105(b)(1), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132.)

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 99–556 inserted "but before attaining the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h)" in first sentence and substituted "such minimum retirement age" for "the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h)" in second sentence.

(a)(1) A member of the Senior Executive Service who is removed from the Senior Executive Service for less than fully successful executive performance (as determined under subchapter II of chapter 43 of this title) after completing 25 years of service, or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, is entitled to an annuity.

(2) A member of the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service or the Senior Cryptologic Executive Service who is removed from such service for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for less than fully successful executive performance after completing 25 years of service, or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, is entitled to an annuity.

(3) A member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service who is removed from such service for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for less than fully successful executive performance after completing 25 years of service or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service is entitled to an annuity.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), an employee who—

(A) is separated from the service involuntarily, except by removal for cause on charges of misconduct or delinquency; or

(B)(i) has been employed continuously, by the agency in which the employee is serving, for at least the 31-day period ending on the date on which such agency requests the determination referred to in clause (iv);

(ii) is serving under an appointment that is not time limited;

(iii) has not been duly notified that such employee is to be involuntarily separated for misconduct or unacceptable performance;

(iv) is separate 1 from the service voluntarily during a period in which, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management (upon request of the agency) under regulations prescribed by the Office—

(I) such agency (or, if applicable, the component in which the employee is serving) is undergoing substantial delayering, substantial reorganization, substantial reductions in force, substantial transfer of function, or other substantial workforce restructuring (or shaping);

(II) a significant percentage of employees serving in such agency (or component) are likely to be separated or subject to an immediate reduction in the rate of basic pay (without regard to subchapter VI of chapter 53, or comparable provisions); or

(III) identified as being in positions which are becoming surplus or excess to the agency's future ability to carry out its mission effectively; and

(v) as determined by the agency under regulations prescribed by the Office, is within the scope of the offer of voluntary early retirement, which may be made on the basis of—

(I) 1 or more organizational units;

(II) 1 or more occupational series or levels;

(III) 1 or more geographical locations;

(IV) specific periods;

(V) skills, knowledge, or other factors related to a position; or

(VI) any appropriate combination of such factors.2

after completing 25 years of service, or after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service, is entitled to an annuity.

(2) An employee under paragraph (1) who is separated as described in subparagraph (A) of such paragraph is not entitled to an annuity under this subsection if the employee has declined a reasonable offer of another position in the employee's agency for which the employee is qualified, and the offered position is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level) and is within the employee's commuting area.

(3) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an employee entitled to an annuity under subsection (d)(1) or (e) of section 8412.

(c)(1) An employee who was hired as a military reserve technician on or before February 10, 1996 (under the provisions of this title in effect before that date), and who is separated from technician service, after becoming 50 years of age and completing 25 years of service, by reason of being separated from the Selected Reserve of the employee's reserve component or ceasing to hold the military grade specified by the Secretary concerned for the position held by the employee is entitled to an annuity.

(2) An employee who is initially hired as a military technician (dual status) after February 10, 1996, and who is separated from the Selected Reserve or ceases to hold the military grade specified by the Secretary concerned for the position held by the technician—

(A) after completing 25 years of service as a military technician (dual status), or

(B) after becoming 50 years of age and completing 20 years of service as a military technician (dual status),

is entitled to an annuity.

(d)(1) The Secretary of Defense may, during fiscal years 2002 and 2003, carry out a program under which an employee of the Department of Defense may be separated from the service entitled to an immediate annuity under this subchapter if the employee—

(A) has—

(i) completed 25 years of service; or

(ii) become 50 years of age and completed 20 years of service; and

(B) is eligible for the annuity under paragraph (2) or (3).

(2)(A) For the purposes of paragraph (1), an employee referred to in that paragraph is eligible for an immediate annuity under this paragraph if the employee—

(i) is separated from the service involuntarily other than for cause; and

(ii) has not declined a reasonable offer of another position in the Department of Defense for which the employee is qualified, which is not lower than 2 grades (or pay levels) below the employee's grade (or pay level), and which is within the employee's commuting area.

(B) For the purposes of paragraph (2)(A)(i), a separation for failure to accept a directed reassignment to a position outside the commuting area of the employee concerned or to accompany a position outside of such area pursuant to a transfer of function may not be considered to be a removal for cause.

(3) For the purposes of paragraph (1), an employee referred to in that paragraph is eligible for an immediate annuity under this paragraph if the employee satisfies all of the following conditions:

(A) The employee is separated from the service voluntarily during a period in which the organization within the Department of Defense in which the employee is serving is undergoing a major organizational adjustment.

(B) The employee has been employed continuously by the Department of Defense for more than 30 days before the date on which the head of the employee's organization requests the determinations required under subparagraph (A).

(C) The employee is serving under an appointment that is not limited by time.

(D) The employee is not in receipt of a decision notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance.

(E) The employee is within the scope of an offer of voluntary early retirement, as defined on the basis of one or more of the following objective criteria:

(i) One or more organizational units.

(ii) One or more occupational groups, series, or levels.

(iii) One or more geographical locations.

(iv) Any other similar objective and nonpersonal criteria that the Office of Personnel Management determines appropriate.

(4) Under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, the determinations of whether an employee meets—

(A) the requirements of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) shall be made by the Office upon the request of the Secretary of Defense; and

(B) the requirements of subparagraph (E) of such paragraph shall be made by the Secretary of Defense.

(5) A determination of which employees are within the scope of an offer of early retirement shall be made only on the basis of consistent and well-documented application of the relevant criteria.

(6) In this subsection, the term "major organizational adjustment" means any of the following:

(A) A major reorganization.

(B) A major reduction in force.

(C) A major transfer of function.

(D) A workforce restructuring—

(i) to meet mission needs;

(ii) to achieve one or more reductions in strength;

(iii) to correct skill imbalances; or

(iv) to reduce the number of high-grade, managerial, supervisory, or similar positions.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 526; amended Pub. L. 100–325, §2(m), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 583; Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(9), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1109(b), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2144; Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–321; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §§1313(b)(2), 1321(a)(5)(A), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2295, 2297; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(i), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2295.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

**2022**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 117–225 inserted "(1)" after "subsection (d)".

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 107–296, §1321(a)(5)(A), struck out "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a or" before "for less than fully".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 107–296, §1313(b)(2), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "except in the case of an employee who is separated from the service under a program carried out under subsection (d), while serving in a geographic area designated by the Director, is separated from the service voluntarily during a period in which (as determined by the Director)—

"(i) the agency in which the employee is serving is undergoing a major reorganization, a major reduction in force, or a major transfer of function; and

"(ii) a significant percentage of the total number of employees serving in such agency will be separated or subject to an immediate reduction in the rate of basic pay (without regard to subchapter VI of chapter 53 of this title or comparable provisions);".

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(b)(1)], inserted "except in the case of an employee who is separated from the service under a program carried out under subsection (d)," before "while serving" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(b)(2)], added subsec. (d).

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–58 repealed Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(b)(1). See 1998 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–65 amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "A military reserve technician who is separated from technician service, after becoming 50 years of age and completing 25 years of service, by reason of ceasing to satisfy the condition described in section 8401(30)(B) is entitled to an annuity."

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–58 repealed Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(b)(2). See 1998 Amendment note below.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(b)(1), which directed insertion of "except in the case of an employee described in subsection (d)(1)," after "(B)", was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(b)(2), which directed addition of subsec. (d), relating to authority of Department of Defense to offer employees voluntary early retirement, was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(9)(A), substituted "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive under section 3393a or for" for "for".

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–194, §506(b)(9)(B), (C), substituted "for failure to be recertified as a senior executive or for" for "for".

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–325 added par. (3).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

For provisions relating to the application of subsection (b)(1)(B) of this section to officers and employees of the Government Accountability Office effective Oct. 13, 2000, see section 1 of Pub. L. 106–303, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–174, title III, §7001(b), May 1, 1998, 112 Stat. 91, as amended by Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(a), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480, which provided that, effective May 1, 1998, subsec. (b)(1)(B) of this section was to be applied as if it read as specified in Pub. L. 105–174, §7001(b), was repealed by Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1313(b)(4), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296.

1 So in original. Probably should be "separated".

2 So in original. Probably should be a semicolon.

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the annuity of an employee retiring under this subchapter is 1 percent of that individual's average pay multiplied by such individual's total service.

(b) The annuity of a Member, or former Member with title to a Member annuity, retiring under this subchapter is computed under subsection (a), except that if the individual has had at least 5 years of service as a Member or Congressional employee, or any combination thereof, so much of the annuity as is computed with respect to either such type of service (or a combination thereof), not exceeding a total of 20 years, shall be computed by multiplying 17/10 percent of the individual's average pay by the years of such service.

(c) The annuity of a Congressional employee, or former Congressional employee, retiring under this subchapter is computed under subsection (a), except that if the individual has had at least 5 years of service as a Congressional employee or Member, or any combination thereof, so much of the annuity as is computed with respect to either such type of service (or a combination thereof), not exceeding a total of 20 years, shall be computed by multiplying 17/10 percent of the individual's average pay by the years of such service.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the annuity of an individual described in subsection (b) or (c) who is a revised annuity employee or a further revised annuity employee shall be computed in the same manner as in the case of an individual described in subsection (a).

(e) The annuity of an employee retiring under subsection (d)(1) or (e) of section 8412 or under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of section 8425 is—

(1) 17/10 percent of that individual's average pay multiplied by so much of such individual's total service as does not exceed 20 years; plus

(2) 1 percent of that individual's average pay multiplied by so much of such individual's total service as exceeds 20 years.

(f) The annuity of an air traffic controller or former air traffic controller retiring under section 8412(a) is computed under subsection (a), except that if the individual has at least 5 years of service in any combination as—

(1) an air traffic controller as defined by section 2109(1)(A)(i);

(2) a first level supervisor of an air traffic controller as defined by section 2109(1)(A)(i); or

(3) a second level supervisor of an air traffic controller as defined by section 2109(1)(A)(i);

so much of the annuity as is computed with respect to such type of service shall be computed by multiplying 1 7/10 percent of the individual's average pay by the years of such service.

(g)(1) In computing an annuity under this subchapter for an employee whose service includes service performed on a part-time basis—

(A) the average pay of the employee, to the extent that it includes pay for service performed in any position on a part-time basis, shall be determined by using the annual rate of basic pay that would be payable for full-time service in the position; and

(B) the benefit so computed shall then be multiplied by a fraction equal to the ratio which the employee's actual service, as determined by prorating the employee's total service to reflect the service that was performed on a part-time basis, bears to the total service that would be creditable for the employee if all of the service had been performed on a full-time basis.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection, employment on a part-time basis shall not be considered to include employment on a temporary or intermittent basis.

(h)(1) The annuity of an employee or Member retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) is computed in accordance with applicable provisions of this section, except that the annuity shall be reduced by five-twelfths of 1 percent for each full month by which the commencement date of the annuity precedes the sixty-second anniversary of the birth of the employee or Member.

(2)(A) Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of an employee or Member retiring under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) if the employee or Member would satisfy the age and service requirements for title to an annuity under section 8412(a), (b), (d)(1)(B), (e)(2), or (f)(2), determined as if the employee or Member had, as of the date of separation, attained the age specified in subparagraph (B).

(B) A determination under subparagraph (A) shall be based on how old the employee or Member will be as of the date on which the annuity under section 8412(g) or 8413(b) is to commence.

(i)(1) In applying subsection (a) with respect to an employee under paragraph (2), the percentage applied under such subsection shall be 1.1 percent, rather than 1 percent.

(2) This subsection applies in the case of an employee who—

(A) retires entitled to an annuity under section 8412; and

(B) at the time of the separation on which entitlement to the annuity is based, is at least 62 years of age and has completed at least 20 years of service;

but does not apply in the case of a Congressional employee, military technician (dual status), law enforcement officer, member of the Supreme Court Police, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, air traffic controller, or customs and border protection officer 1

(j) The annuity of a Member who has served in a position in the executive branch for which the rate of basic pay was reduced for the duration of the service of the Member in that position to remove the impediment to the appointment of the Member imposed by article I, section 6, clause 2 of the Constitution, shall, subject to a deposit in the Fund as provided under section 8422(g), be computed as though the rate of basic pay which would otherwise have been in effect during that period of service had been in effect.

(k)(1) For purposes of this subsection, the term "physicians comparability allowance" refers to an amount described in section 8331(3)(H).

(2) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, no part of a physicians comparability allowance shall be treated as basic pay for purposes of any computation under this section unless, before the date of the separation on which entitlement to annuity is based, the separating individual has completed at least 15 years of service as a Government physician (whether performed before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this subsection).

(3) If the condition under paragraph (2) is met, then, any amounts received by the individual in the form of a physicians comparability allowance shall (for the purposes referred to in paragraph (2)) be treated as basic pay, but only to the extent that such amounts are attributable to service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, and only to the extent of the percentage allowable, which shall be determined as follows:

If the total amount of serviceperformed, on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, as a Government physician is: | Then, the percentage allowable is: |
---|---|

Less than 2 years | 0 |

At least 2 but less than 4 years | 25 |

At least 4 but less than 6 years | 50 |

At least 6 but less than 8 years | 75 |

At least 8 years | 100. |


(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection, 100 percent of all amounts received as a physicians comparability allowance shall, to the extent attributable to service performed on or after the date of the enactment of this subsection, be treated as basic pay (without regard to any of the preceding provisions of this subsection) for purposes of computing—

(A) an annuity under section 8452; and

(B) a survivor annuity under subchapter IV, if based on the service of an individual who dies before separating from service.

(l) The annuity of an employee retiring under this chapter with service credited under section 8411(b)(6) shall be reduced by the amount necessary to ensure that the present value of the annuity payable to the employee under this subchapter is actuarially equivalent to the present value of the annuity that would be payable to the employee under this subchapter if it were computed—

(1) on the basis of service that does not include service credited under section 8411(b)(6); and

(2) assuming the employee separated from service on the actual date of the separation of the employee.

The amount of the reduction shall be computed under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the administration of this subsection.

(m)(1) In computing an annuity under this subchapter, the total service of an employee who retires from the position of a registered nurse with the Veterans Health Administration on an immediate annuity, or dies while employed in that position leaving any survivor entitled to an annuity, includes the days of unused sick leave to the credit of that employee under a formal leave system, except that such days shall not be counted in determining average pay or annuity eligibility under this subchapter.

(2)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (1), in computing an annuity under this subchapter, the total service of an employee who retires on an immediate annuity or who dies leaving a survivor or survivors entitled to annuity includes the applicable percentage of the days of unused sick leave to his credit under a formal leave system and for which days the employee has not received payment, except that these days will not be counted in determining average pay or annuity eligibility under this subchapter. For purposes of this subsection, in the case of any such employee who is excepted from subchapter I of chapter 63 under section 6301(2)(x) through (xiii), the days of unused sick leave to his credit include any unused sick leave standing to his credit when he was excepted from such subchapter.

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term "applicable percentage" means—

(i) 50 percent in the case of an annuity, entitlement to which is based on a death or other separation occurring during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this paragraph and ending on December 31, 2013; and

(ii) 100 percent in the case of an annuity, entitlement to which is based on a death or other separation occurring after December 31, 2013.

(n) In the case of any annuity computation under this section that includes, in the aggregate, at least 2 months of credit under section 8411(d) for any period while receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81, the percentage otherwise applicable under this section for that period so credited shall be increased by 1 percentage point.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 527; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §105(b)(2), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132; Pub. L. 103–283, title III, §307(b)(2), July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1442; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(7), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1306; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(h), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title V, §522(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(2)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 106–571, §3(c)(1), Dec. 28, 2000, 114 Stat. 3055; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(b)(3), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1244; Pub. L. 107–135, title I, §122(a), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2451; Pub. L. 108–92, §1(a), Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(b)(1), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(3), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1901(a), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2615; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(c)(1), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title IV, §401(d), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1185; Pub. L. 114–190, title II, §2304(a), July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 640; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(ii), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2295.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (k), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–571, which was approved Dec. 28, 2000.

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (m)(2)(B)(i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–84, which was approved Oct. 28, 2009.

**2022**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(ii)(I), inserted "(1)" after "subsection (d)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(ii)(II), substituted "(d)(1)(B)" for "(d)(2)".

**2016**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–190 amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "The annuity of an air traffic controller or former air traffic controller retiring under section 8412(a) is computed under subsection (a), except that if the individual has had at least 5 years of service as an air traffic controller as defined by section 2109(1)(A)(i), so much of the annuity as is computed with respect to such type of service shall be computed by multiplying 17/10 percent of the individual's average pay by the years of such service."

**2013**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–67 inserted "or a further revised annuity employee" after "a revised annuity employee".

**2012**—Subsecs. (d) to (n). Pub. L. 112–96 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) to (m) as (e) to (n), respectively.

**2009**—Subsecs. (k) to (m). Pub. L. 111–84 redesignated subsec. (k), relating to inclusion of unused sick leave in computing an annuity of a registered nurse with the Veterans Health Administration, as (l), designated existing provisions as par. (1), added par. (2), and redesignated former subsec. (l) as (m).

**2007**—Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "air traffic controller, or customs and border protection officer" for "or air traffic controller." in concluding provisions.

**2003**—Subsecs. (e) to (h). Pub. L. 108–176, §226(b)(1), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) to (g) as (f) to (h), respectively. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 108–176, §226(b)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Pub. L. 108–176, §226(b)(1)(A), which directed the redesignation of the second subsec. (i) as (l), could not be executed because of the redesignation of the second subsec. (i) as (k) by Pub. L. 108–92, §1(a)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 108–92, §1(a)(1), redesignated second subsec. (i), relating to inclusion of unused sick leave in computing an annuity of a registered nurse with the Veterans Health Administration, as (k).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 108–176, §226(b)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (i) as (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 108–176, §226(b)(1)(A), redesignated subsec. (j) as (k).

Pub. L. 108–92, §1(a)(1), redesignated second subsec. (i), relating to inclusion of unused sick leave in computing an annuity of a registered nurse with the Veterans Health Administration, as (k).

Subsec.(l). Pub. L. 108–92, §1(a)(2), added subsec. (l).

**2002**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 107–135 added subsec. (i) relating to inclusion of unused sick leave in computing an annuity of a registered nurse with the Veterans Health Administration.

**2001**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 107–107 added subsec. (j).

**2000**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–553 inserted "member of the Supreme Court Police," after "law enforcement officer," in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 106–571 added subsec. (i).

**1999**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 106–65 substituted "military technician (dual status)" for "military reserve technician" in concluding provisions.

**1998**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 105–261 inserted "nuclear materials courier," after "firefighter," in concluding provisions.

**1997**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–61 added subsec. (h).

**1994**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–283 substituted "(a), (b), or (c)" for "(a) or (b)".

**1986**—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 99–556 inserted "8412(g) or" in subpars. (A) and (B).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–190, title II, §2304(b), July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 640, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be deemed to be effective on December 12, 2003."

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1901(c), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2615, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8422 of this title] shall apply with respect to any annuity, entitlement to which is based on a death or other separation from service occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–92, §2, Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1160, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 8422 of this title] shall apply with respect to any annuity entitlement to which is based on a separation from service occurring on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 3, 2003]."

Pub. L. 107–135, title I, §122(c), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2451, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8422 of this title] shall take effect 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 23, 2002] and shall apply to individuals who separate from service on or after that effective date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–107 applicable only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after Dec. 28, 2001, see section 1132(c) of Pub. L. 107–107, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Pub. L. 114–190, title II, §2304(c), July 15, 2016, 130 Stat. 640, provided that: "The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall establish such procedures as are necessary to provide for—

"(1) notification to each annuitant affected by the amendments made by this section [amending this section];

"(2) recalculation of the benefits of affected annuitants;

"(3) an adjustment to applicable monthly benefit amounts pursuant to such recalculation, to begin as soon as is practicable; and

"(4) a lump-sum payment to each affected annuitant equal to the additional total benefit amount that such annuitant would have received had the amendment made by subsection (a) been in effect on December 12, 2003."

See section 2 of Pub. L. 100–92, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

(a)(1) If an employee or Member is married at the time of retiring under this chapter, the reduction described in section 8419(a) shall be made unless the employee or Member and the spouse jointly waive, by written election, any right which the spouse may have to a survivor annuity under section 8442 based on the service of such employee or Member. A waiver under this paragraph shall be filed with the Office under procedures prescribed by the Office.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an employee or Member who is married at the time of retiring under this chapter may waive the annuity for a surviving spouse without the spouse's consent if the employee or Member establishes to the satisfaction of the Office (in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office)—

(A) that the spouse's whereabouts cannot be determined; or

(B) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requiring the employee or Member to seek the spouse's consent would otherwise be inappropriate.

(3) Except as provided in subsection (d), a waiver made under this subsection shall be irrevocable.

(b)(1) Upon remarriage, a retired employee or Member who was married at the time of retirement (including an employee or Member whose annuity was not reduced to provide a survivor annuity for the employee's or Member's spouse or former spouse as of the time of retirement) may irrevocably elect during such marriage, in a signed writing received by the Office within 2 years after such remarriage or, if later, within 2 years after the death or remarriage of any former spouse of such employee or Member who was entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8445 (or of the last such surviving former spouse, if there was more than one), a reduction in the employee's or Member's annuity under section 8419(a) for the purpose of providing an annuity for such employee's or Member's spouse in the event such spouse survives the employee or Member.

(2) The election and reduction shall be effective the first day of the second month after the election is received by the Office, but not less than 9 months after the date of the remarriage.

(3) An election to provide a survivor annuity to an individual under this subsection—

(A) shall prospectively void any election made by the employee or Member under section 8420 with respect to such individual; or

(B) shall, if an election was made by the employee or Member under section 8420 with respect to a different individual, prospectively void such election if appropriate written application is made by such employee or Member at the time of making the election under this subsection.

(4) Any election under this subsection made by an employee or Member on behalf of an individual after the retirement of such employee or Member shall not be effective if—

(A) the employee or Member was married to such individual at the time of retirement; and

(B) the annuity rights of such individual based on the service of such employee or Member were then waived under subsection (a).

(c)(1) An employee or Member who is unmarried at the time of retiring under this chapter and who later marries may irrevocably elect, in a signed writing received by the Office within 2 years after such employee or Member marries or, if later, within 2 years after the death or remarriage of any former spouse of such employee or Member who was entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8445 (or of the last such surviving former spouse, if there was more than one), a reduction in the current annuity of the retired employee or Member, in accordance with section 8419(a).

(2) The election and reduction shall take effect the first day of the first month beginning 9 months after the date of marriage. Any such election to provide a survivor annuity for an individual—

(A) shall prospectively void any election made by the employee or Member under section 8420 with respect to such individual; or

(B) shall, if an election was made by the employee or Member under section 8420 with respect to a different individual, prospectively void such election if appropriate written application is made by such employee or Member at the time of making the election under this subsection.

(d)(1) An employee or Member—

(A) who is married on the date of retiring under this chapter, and

(B) with respect to whose spouse a waiver under subsection (a) has been made,

may, during the 18-month period beginning on such date, elect to have a reduction made under section 8419 in order to provide a survivor annuity under section 8442 for such spouse.

(2)(A) An election under this subsection shall not be effective unless the amount described in subparagraph (B) is deposited into the Fund before the expiration of the 18-month period referred to in paragraph (1).

(B) The amount to be deposited under this subparagraph is equal to the sum of—

(i) the difference (for the period between the date on which the annuity of the former employee or Member commences and the date on which reductions pursuant to the election under this subsection commence) between the amount paid to the former employee or Member from the Fund under this chapter and the amount which would have been paid if such election had been made at the time of retirement; and

(ii) the costs associated with providing for the election under this subsection.

The amount to be deposited under clause (i) shall include interest, computed at the rate of 6 percent a year.

(3) An annuity which is reduced pursuant to an election by a former employee or Member under this subsection shall be reduced by the same percentage as was in effect under section 8419 as of the date of the employee's or Member's retirement.

(4) Rights and obligations under this chapter resulting from an election under this subsection shall be the same as the rights and obligations which would have resulted had the election been made at the time of retirement.

(5) The Office shall inform each employee and Member who is eligible to make an election under this subsection of the right to make such election and the procedures and deadlines applicable in making any such election.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 528.)

(a) If an employee or Member has a former spouse who is entitled to a survivor annuity as provided in section 8445, the reduction described in section 8419(a) shall be made.

(b)(1) An employee or Member who has a former spouse may elect, under procedures prescribed by the Office, a reduction in the annuity of the employee or Member under section 8419(a) in order to provide a survivor annuity for such former spouse under section 8445.

(2) An election under this subsection shall be made at the time of retirement or, if the marriage is dissolved after the date of retirement, within 2 years after the date on which the marriage of the former spouse to the employee or Member is so dissolved.

(3) An election under this subsection—

(A) shall not be effective to the extent that it—

(i) conflicts with—

(I) any court order or decree referred to in section 8445(a) which was issued before the date of such election; or

(II) any agreement referred to in such section 8445(a) which was entered into before such date; or

(ii) would cause the total of survivor annuities payable under sections 8442 and 8445, respectively, based on the service of the employee or Member to exceed the amount which would be payable to a widow or widower of such employee or Member under such section 8442 (determined without regard to any reduction to provide for an annuity under such section 8445); and

(B) shall not be effective, in the case of an employee or Member who is then married, unless it is made with the spouse's written consent.

The Office shall by regulation provide that subparagraph (B) may be waived for either of the reasons set forth in section 8416(a)(2).

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 530.)

(a)(1) An individual who makes an election under subsection (b) or (c) of section 8416 or section 8417(b) which is required to be made within 2 years after the date of a prescribed event shall deposit into the Fund an amount determined by the Office (as nearly as may be administratively feasible) to reflect the amount by which the annuity of such individual would have been reduced if the election had been in effect since the date of retirement (or, if later, and in the case of an election under such section 8416(b), since the date the previous reduction in the annuity of such individual was terminated under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8419(b)), plus interest.

(2) Interest under paragraph (1) shall be computed at the rate of 6 percent a year.

(b) The Office shall, by regulation, provide for payment of the deposit required under subsection (a) by a reduction in the annuity of the employee or Member. The reduction shall, to the extent practicable, be designed so that the present value of the future reduction is actuarially equivalent to the deposit required under subsection (a), except that the total reductions in the annuity of an employee or Member to pay deposits required by this section shall not exceed 25 percent of the annuity computed under section 8415 or section 8452, including adjustments under section 8462. The reduction required by this subsection, which shall be effective at the same time as the election under section 8416(b) and (c) or section 8417(b), shall be permanent and unaffected by any future termination of the marriage or the entitlement of the former spouse. Such reduction shall be independent of and in addition to the reduction required under section 8416(b) and (c) or section 8417(b).

(c) Subsections (a) and (b) shall not apply if—

(1) the employee or Member makes an election under section 8416(b) or (c) after having made an election under section 8420; and

(2) the election under such section 8420 becomes void under subsection (b)(3) or (c)(2) of such section 8416.

(d) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which the survivor of an employee or Member may make a deposit under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 530; amended Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11004(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 412.)

**1993**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 103–66, §11004(b)(1), struck out ", before the expiration of the 2-year period involved," after "into the Fund".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–66, §11004(b)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "If the electing individual does not make the deposit required under subsection (a), the Office shall collect such amount by offset against such individual's annuity, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the net annuity otherwise payable, and the individual is deemed to consent to such offset."

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective on first day of first month beginning at least 30 days after Aug. 10, 1993, and applicable to all deposits required under section 8339(j)(3) or (5), 8339(k)(2), or 8418 of this title, on which no payment has been made prior to such effective date, with provision for partial deposit, see section 11004(c) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 8339 of this title.

(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the annuity of an annuitant computed under section 8415, or under section 8452 (including subsection (a)(2) of such section, if applicable) or one-half of the annuity, if jointly designated for this purpose by the employee or Member and the spouse of the employee or Member under procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, shall be reduced by 10 percent if a survivor annuity, or a combination of survivor annuities, under section 8442 or 8445 (or both) are to be provided for.

(2)(A) If no survivor annuity under section 8442 is to be provided for, but one or more survivor annuities under section 8445 involving a total of less than the entirety of the amount referred to in subsection (b)(2) of such section are to be provided for, the annuity of the annuitant involved (as computed under section 8415, or under section 8452 (including subsection (a)(2) of such section, if applicable)) or one-half of the annuity, if jointly designated for this purpose by the employee or Member and the spouse of the employee or Member under procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, shall be reduced by an appropriate percentage determined under subparagraph (B).

(B) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which an appropriate reduction under this paragraph, not to exceed a total of 10 percent, shall be made.

(b)(1) Any reduction in an annuity for the purpose of providing a survivor annuity for the current spouse of a retired employee or Member shall be terminated for each full month—

(A) after the death of the spouse; or

(B) after the dissolution of the spouse's marriage to the employee or Member, except that an appropriate reduction shall be made thereafter if the spouse is entitled, as a former spouse, to a survivor annuity under section 8445.

(2) Any reduction in an annuity for the purpose of providing a survivor annuity for a former spouse of a retired employee or Member shall be terminated for each full month after the former spouse remarries before reaching age 55 or dies. This reduction shall be replaced by appropriate reductions under subsection (a) if the retired employee or Member has one or more of the following:

(A) another former spouse who is entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8445;

(B) a current spouse to whom the employee or Member was married at the time of retirement and with respect to whom a survivor annuity was not waived under section 8416(a) (or, if waived, with respect to whom an election under section 8416(d) has been made); or

(C) a current spouse whom the employee or Member married after retirement and with respect to whom an election has been made under subsection (b) or (c) of section 8416.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 531; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §131(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1759.)

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1), (2)(A). Pub. L. 100–238 inserted "or one-half of the annuity, if jointly designated for this purpose by the employee or Member and the spouse of the employee or Member under procedures prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management" before ", shall be reduced".

(a)(1) At the time of retiring under section 8412, 8413, or 8414, an employee or Member who is found to be in good health by the Office may elect to have such employee's or Member's annuity (as computed under section 8415) reduced under paragraph (2) in order to provide an annuity under section 8444 for an individual having an insurable interest in the employee or Member. Such individual shall be designated by the employee or Member in writing.

(2) The annuity of the employee or Member making the election is reduced by 10 percent, and by 5 percent for each full 5 years the individual named is younger than the retiring employee or Member, except that the total reduction may not exceed 40 percent.

(3) An annuity which is reduced under this subsection shall, effective the first day of the month following the death of the individual named under this subsection, be recomputed and paid as if the annuity had not been so reduced.

(b)(1) In the case of a married employee or Member, an election under this section on behalf of the spouse may be made only if any right of such spouse to a survivor annuity based on the service of such employee or Member is waived in accordance with section 8416(a).

(2) Paragraph (1) does not apply in the case of an employee or Member if such employee or Member has a former spouse who would become entitled to an annuity under section 8445 as a survivor of such employee or Member.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 532.)

(a) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which any employee or Member who has a life-threatening affliction or other critical medical condition may, at the time of retiring under this subchapter, elect annuity benefits under this section instead of any other benefits under this subchapter, and any benefits under subchapter IV of this chapter, based on the service of the employee or Member.

(b) Subject to subsection (c), the Office shall by regulation provide for such alternative forms of annuities as the Office considers appropriate, except that among the alternatives offered shall be—

(1) an alternative which provides for—

(A) payment of the lump-sum credit (excluding interest) to the employee or Member; and

(B) payment of an annuity to the employee or Member for life; and

(2) in the case of an employee or Member who is married at the time of retirement, an alternative which provides for—

(A) payment of the lump-sum credit (excluding interest) to the employee or Member; and

(B) payment of an annuity to the employee or Member for life, with a survivor annuity payable for the life of a surviving spouse.

(c) Each alternative provided for under subsection (b) shall, to the extent practicable, be designed such that the present value of the benefits provided under such alternative (including any lump-sum credit) is actuarially equivalent to the sum of—

(1) the present value of the annuity which would otherwise be provided under this subchapter, as computed under section 8415; and

(2) the present value of the annuity supplement which would otherwise be provided (if any) under section 8421.

(d) An employee or Member who, at the time of retiring under this subchapter—

(1) is married, shall be ineligible to make an election under this section unless a waiver is made under section 8416(a); or

(2) has a former spouse, shall be ineligible to make an election under this section if the former spouse is entitled to benefits under section 8445 or 8467 (based on the service of the employee or Member) under the terms of a decree of divorce or annulment, or a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any such decree, with respect to which the Office has been duly notified.

(e) An employee or Member who is married at the time of retiring under this subchapter and who makes an election under this section may, during the 18-month period beginning on the date of retirement, make the election provided for under section 8416(d), subject to the deposit requirement thereunder.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 532; amended Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7001(a)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–327; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11002(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 409.)

**1993**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–66, §11002(a)(1), substituted "any employee or Member who has a life-threatening affliction or other critical medical condition" for "an employee or Member".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–66, §11002(a)(2), struck out subsec. (f) which prohibited election of alternative form of annuity where commencement date would be after Dec. 1, 1990, with certain exceptions.

**1990**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–66 effective Oct. 1, 1994, and applicable with respect to any annuity commencing on or after that date, see section 11002(d) of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 8343a of this title.

For provisions relating to application of subsec. (f) of this section to certain members of Armed Forces who were called or ordered to active duty in connection with Operation Desert Shield and to certain employees of Department of Defense who are certified to have performed duties essential for support of Operation Desert Shield, see section 7001(a)(4) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 8343a of this title.

For provisions relating to deferred payment of lump-sum credit for certain individuals electing alternative forms of annuities, see notes set out under section 8343a of this title.

(a)(1) Subject to paragraph (3), an individual shall, if and while entitled to an annuity under subsection (a), (b), (d)(1), or (e) of section 8412, or under section 8414(c), also be entitled to an annuity supplement under this section.

(2) Subject to paragraph (3), an individual shall, if and while entitled to an annuity under section 8412(f), or under subsection (a) or (b) of section 8414, also be entitled to an annuity supplement under this section if such individual is at least the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h).

(3)(A) An individual whose entitlement to an annuity under section 8412 or 8414 does not commence before age 62 is not entitled to an annuity supplement under this section.

(B) An individual entitled to an annuity supplement under this section ceases to be so entitled after the last day of the month preceding the first month for which such individual would, on proper application, be entitled to old-age insurance benefits under title II of the Social Security Act, but not later than the last day of the month in which such individual attains age 62.

(b)(1) The amount of the annuity supplement of an annuitant under this section for any month shall be equal to the product of—

(A) an amount determined under paragraph (2), multiplied by

(B) a fraction, as described in paragraph (3).

(2) The amount under this paragraph for an annuitant is an amount equal to the old-age insurance benefit which would be payable to such annuitant under title II of the Social Security Act (without regard to sections 203, 215(a)(7), and 215(d)(5) of such Act) upon attaining age 62 and filing application therefor, determined as if the annuitant had attained such age and filed application therefor, and were a fully insured individual (as defined in section 214(a) of such Act), on January 1 of the year in which such annuitant's entitlement to any payment under this section commences, except that the reduction of such old-age insurance benefit under section 202(q) of such Act shall be the maximum applicable for an individual born in the same year as the annuitant. In computing the primary insurance amount under section 215 of such Act for purposes of this paragraph, the number of elapsed years (referred to in section 215(b)(2)(B)(iii) of such Act and used to compute the number of benefit computation years) shall not include years beginning with the year in which such annuitant's entitlement to any payment under this section commences, and—

(A) only basic pay for service performed (if any) shall be taken into account in computing the total wages and self-employment income of the annuitant for a benefit computation year;

(B) for a benefit computation year which commences after the date of the separation with respect to which entitlement to the annuitant's annuity under this subchapter is based and before the date as of which such annuitant is treated, under the preceding sentence, to have attained age 62, the total wages and self-employment income of such annuitant for such year shall be deemed to be zero; and

(C) for a benefit computation year after age 21 which precedes the separation referred to in subparagraph (B), and during which the individual did not perform a full year of service, the total wages and self-employment income of such annuitant for such year shall be deemed to have been an amount equal to the product of—

(i) the average total wages of all workers for that year, multiplied by

(ii) a fraction—

(I) the numerator of which is the total basic pay of the individual for service performed in the first year thereafter in which such individual performed a full year of service; and

(II) the denominator of which is the average total wages of all workers for the year referred to in subclause (I).

(3) The fraction under this paragraph for any annuitant is a fraction—

(A) the numerator of which is the annuitant's total years of service (rounding a fraction to the nearest whole number, with ½ being rounded to the next higher number), not to exceed the number under subparagraph (B); and

(B) the denominator of which is 40.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term "benefit computation year" has the meaning provided in section 215(b)(2)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act;

(B) the term "average total wages of all workers", for a year, means the average of the total wages, as defined and computed under section 215(b)(3)(A)(ii)(I) of the Social Security Act for such year; and

(C) the term "service" does not include military service.

(c) An amount under this section shall, for purposes of section 8467, be treated in the same way as an amount computed under section 8415.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 533; amended Pub. L. 101–194, title V, §506(b)(10), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(65), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 107–296, title XIII, §1321(a)(5)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2297; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(iii), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2295.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3)(B) and (b)(2), (4)(A), (B), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Sections 202, 203, 214, and 215 of the Social Security Act are classified to sections 402, 403, 414, and 415, respectively, of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2022**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–225 inserted "(1)" after "(d)".

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 107–296, which directed amendment of par. (2) by striking ", except that an individual entitled to an annuity under section 8414(a) for failure to be recertified as a senior executive shall be entitled to an annuity supplement without regard to such applicable retirement age", was executed by striking out ", except that an individual entitled to an annuity under section 8414(a) for failure to be recertified as a senior executive shall be entitled to an annuity supplement without regard to such applicable minimum retirement age" before period at end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–378 inserted period at end.

**1989**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101–194 substituted ", except that an individual entitled to an annuity under section 8414(a) for failure to be recertified as a senior executive shall be entitled to an annuity supplement without regard to such applicable minimum retirement age" for period at end.

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–194 effective Jan. 1, 1991, see section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

(a) Except as provided in subsection (c), the amount of the annuity supplement to which an individual is entitled under section 8421 for any month (determined without regard to subsection (c) of such section) shall be reduced by the amount of any excess earnings of such individual which are required to be charged to such supplement for such month, as determined under subsection (b).

(b) The amount of an individual's excess earnings shall be charged to months as follows:

(1)(A) There shall be charged to each month of a year under subsection (a) an amount equal to the individual's excess earnings (as determined under paragraph (2) with respect to such year), divided by the number of the individual's supplement entitlement months for such year (as determined under paragraph (3)).

(B) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), the amount charged to a month under subsection (a) may not exceed the amount of the annuity supplement to which the individual is entitled under section 8421 for such month (determined without regard to subsection (c) of such section).

(2) The excess earnings based on which reductions under subsection (a) shall be made with respect to an individual in a year—

(A) shall be equal to 50 percent of so much of such individual's earnings for the immediately preceding year as exceeds the applicable exempt amount for such preceding year; but

(B) may not exceed the total amount of the annuity supplement payments to which such individual was entitled for such preceding year under section 8421 (determined without regard to subsection (c) of such section, and without regard to this section).

(3)(A) Subject to subparagraph (B), the number of an individual's supplement entitlement months for a year shall be 12.

(B) The number determined under subparagraph (A) shall be reduced so as not to include any month after which such individual ceases to be entitled to an annuity supplement by reason of section 8421(a)(3)(B), relating to cessation of entitlement upon attaining age 62.

(4)(A) For purposes of this section, and except as provided in subparagraph (B), the "earnings" and the "applicable exempt amount" of an individual shall be determined in a manner consistent with applicable provisions of section 203 of the Social Security Act.

(B) For purposes of this section—

(i) in determining the excess earnings of any individual, only earnings attributable to periods during which such individual was entitled to an annuity supplement under section 8421 shall be considered; and

(ii) any earnings attributable to a period before attaining the applicable retirement age under section 8412(h) shall not be considered in determining the excess earnings of an individual who retires under section 8412(d)(1) or (e), or section 8414(c).

(5) Notwithstanding paragraphs (1) through (4), the reduction required by subsection (a) shall be effective with respect to the annuity supplement payable for each month in the 12-month period beginning on the first day of the seventh month after the end of the calendar year in which the excess earnings were earned.

(c) This section shall not apply to an individual described in section 8412(e) during any period in which the individual, after separating from the service as described in that section, is employed as an—

(1) air traffic control instructor, or supervisor thereof, under contract with the Federal Aviation Administration, including an instructor or supervisor working at an on-site facility (such as an airport); or

(2) air traffic controller pursuant to a contract made with the Secretary of Transportation under section 47124 of title 49.

(d) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which this section shall be applied in the case of a reemployed annuitant.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 535; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §121, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 106–394, §3(a), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1630; Pub. L. 114–251, §1, Dec. 8, 2016, 130 Stat. 1002; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title VI, §608, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1425; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(iv), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 117–328, div. Y, §102, Dec. 29, 2022, 136 Stat. 5523.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

Section 203 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(A), is classified to section 403 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**2022**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 117–225 inserted "(1)" after "section 8412(d)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 117–328 substituted "as an—" for "as an", designated remainder of existing provisions as par. (1), and added par. (2).

**2019**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "as an air traffic control instructor, or supervisor thereof," for "full-time as an air traffic control instructor" and inserted "or supervisor" after "an instructor".

**2016**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–251, §1(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (c), the amount" for "The amount".

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 114–251, §1(2), (3), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 106–394 added par. (5).

**1986**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 99–556 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: "If, after an individual ceases to be entitled to an annuity supplement under section 8421 by reason of subsection (a)(3)(B) of such section, any portion of the individual's excess earnings remains outstanding, an amount not to exceed 25 percent of the amount otherwise payable to such individual under this chapter for each month shall be deducted from such monthly payment until the full amount of that outstanding portion has been accounted for. To the extent practicable, reductions under this subsection shall be made by a level percentage."

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–394, §3(b), Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1630, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to reductions required to be made in calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000]."

(a)(1) The employing agency shall deduct and withhold from basic pay of each employee and Member a percentage of basic pay determined in accordance with paragraph (2).

(2) The percentage to be deducted and withheld from basic pay for any pay period shall be equal to—

(A) the applicable percentage under paragraph (3), minus

(B) the percentage then in effect under section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to rate of tax for old-age, survivors, and disability insurance).

(3)(A) The applicable percentage under this paragraph for civilian service by employees or Members other than revised annuity employees or further revised annuity employees shall be as follows:

Employee | 7 | January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1998. |

7.25 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.4 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Congressional employee | 7.5 | January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1998. |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Member | 7.5 | January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1998. |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

8 | January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2002. | |

Law enforcement officer, firefighter, member of the Capitol Police, member of the Supreme Court Police, or air traffic controller | 7.5 7.75 7.9 7.5 |
January 1, 1987, to December 31, 1998. January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. After December 31, 2000. |

Nuclear materials courier | 7 | January 1, 1987, to October 16, 1998. |

7.5 | October 17, 1998, to December 31, 1998. | |

7.75 | January 1, 1999, to December 31, 1999. | |

7.9 | January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2000. | |

7.5 | After December 31, 2000. | |

Customs and border protection officer | 7.5 | After June 29, 2008. |


(B) The applicable percentage under this paragraph for civilian service by revised annuity employees shall be as follows:

Employee | 9.3 | After December 31, 2012. |

Congressional employee | 9.3 | After December 31, 2012. |

Member | 9.3 | After December 31, 2012. |

Law enforcement officer, firefighter, member of the Capitol Police, member of the Supreme Court Police, or air traffic controller | 9.8 | After December 31, 2012. |

Nuclear materials courier | 9.8 | After December 31, 2012. |

Customs and border protection officer | 9.8 | After December 31, 2012. |


(C) The applicable percentage under this paragraph for civilian service by further revised annuity employees shall be as follows:

Employee | 10.6 | After December 31, 2013. |

Congressional employee | 10.6 | After December 31, 2013. |

Member | 10.6 | After December 31, 2013. |

Law enforcement officer, firefighter, member of the Capitol Police, member of the Supreme Court Police, or air traffic controller | 11.1 | After December 31, 2013. |

Nuclear materials courier | 11.1 | After December 31, 2013. |

Customs and border protection officer | 11.1 | After December 31, 2013. |


(b) Each employee or Member is deemed to consent and agree to the deductions under subsection (a). Notwithstanding any law or regulation affecting the pay of an employee or Member, payment less such deductions is a full and complete discharge and acquittance of all claims and demands for regular services during the period covered by the payment, except the right to any benefits under this subchapter, or under subchapter IV or V of this chapter, based on the service of the employee or Member.

(c) The amounts deducted and withheld under this section shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund under such procedures as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe. Deposits made by an employee, Member, or survivor also shall be credited to the Fund.

(d)(1) Under such regulations as the Office may prescribe, amounts deducted under subsection (a) shall be entered on individual retirement records.

(2) Deposit may not be required for days of unused sick leave credited under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8415(m).

(e)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), and subject to paragraph (6), each employee or Member who has performed military service before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this subchapter, or subchapter V of this chapter, is based may pay, in accordance with such regulations as the Office shall issue, to the agency by which the employee is employed, or, in the case of a Member or a Congressional employee, to the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, an amount equal to 3 percent of the amount of the basic pay paid under section 204 of title 37 to the employee or Member for each period of military service after December 1956. The amount of such payments shall be based on such evidence of basic pay for military service as the employee or Member may provide, or if the Office determines sufficient evidence has not been so provided to adequately determine basic pay for military service, such payment shall be based on estimates of such basic pay provided to the Office under paragraph (4).

(B) In any case where military service interrupts creditable civilian service under this subchapter and reemployment pursuant to chapter 43 of title 38 occurs on or after August 1, 1990, the deposit payable under this paragraph may not exceed the amount that would have been deducted and withheld under subsection (a)(1) from basic pay during civilian service if the employee had not performed the period of military service.

(2) Any deposit made under paragraph (1) more than two years after the later of—

(A) January 1, 1987; or

(B) the date on which the employee or Member making the deposit first becomes an employee or Member following the period of military service for which such deposit is due,

shall include interest on such amount computed and compounded annually beginning on the date of the expiration of the two-year period. The interest rate that is applicable in computing interest in any year under this paragraph shall be equal to the interest rate that is applicable for such year under section 8334(e).

(3) Any payment received by an agency, the Secretary of the Senate, or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives under this subsection shall be immediately remitted to the Office for deposit in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund.

(4) The Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary of Commerce, or the Secretary of Health and Human Services, as appropriate, shall furnish such information to the Office as the Office may determine to be necessary for the administration of this subsection.

(5) For the purpose of survivor annuities, deposits authorized by this subsection may also be made by a survivor of an employee or Member.

(6) The percentage of basic pay under section 204 of title 37 payable under paragraph (1), with respect to any period of military service performed during—

(A) January 1, 1999, through December 31, 1999, shall be 3.25 percent; and

(B) January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2000, shall be 3.4 percent.

(7)(A) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if the employing agency of such employee, Member, or annuitant makes an administrative error, such employing agency may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, shall be considered the employing agency of a Member or Congressional employee.

(C) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(f)(1) Each employee or Member who has performed service as a volunteer or volunteer leader under part A of title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as a full-time volunteer enrolled in a program of at least 1 year's duration under part A, B,1 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, or as a volunteer or volunteer leader under the Peace Corps Act before the date of the separation on which the entitlement to any annuity under this subchapter, or subchapter V of this chapter, is based may pay, in accordance with such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management shall issue, an amount equal to 3 percent of the readjustment allowance paid to the employee or Member under title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Service Act of 1964 or section 5(c) or 6(1) of the Peace Corps Act or the stipend paid to the employee or Member under part A, B,1 or C of title I of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, for each period of service as such a volunteer or volunteer leader. This paragraph shall be subject to paragraph (4).

(2) Any deposit made under paragraph (1) more than 2 years after the later of—

(A) October 1, 1993, or

(B) the date on which the employee or Member making the deposit first becomes an employee or Member,

shall include interest on such amount computed and compounded annually beginning on the date of the expiration of the 2-year period. The interest rate that is applicable in computing interest in any year under this paragraph shall be equal to the interest rate that is applicable for such year under section 8334(e).

(3) The Director of the Peace Corps and the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation for National and Community Service shall furnish such information to the Office of Personnel Management as the Office may determine to be necessary for the administration of this subsection.

(4) The percentage of the readjustment allowance or stipend (as the case may be) payable under paragraph (1), with respect to any period of volunteer service performed during—

(A) January 1, 1999, through December 31, 1999, shall be 3.25 percent; and

(B) January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2000, shall be 3.4 percent.

(5)(A) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if an employing agency of such employee, Member, or annuitant makes an administrative error that causes additional interest assessed to accrue on the deposit, the employee, Member, or annuitant's employing agency may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(B) In calculating and processing the deposit under paragraph (1) with respect to an employee, Member, or annuitant, if the Office of Personnel Management makes an administrative error that causes additional interest assessed to accrue on the deposit, the Office of Personnel Management may pay, on behalf of the employee, Member, or annuitant, any additional interest assessed due to the administrative error.

(C) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, shall be considered the employing agency of a Member or congressional employee.

(D) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(g) A Member who has served in a position in the executive branch for which the rate of basic pay was reduced for the duration of the service of the Member to remove the impediment to the appointment of the Member imposed by article I, section 6, clause 2 of the Constitution, or the survivor of such a Member, may deposit to the credit of the Fund an amount equal to the difference between the amount deducted from the basic pay of the Member during that period of service and the amount that would have been deducted if the rate of basic pay which would otherwise have been in effect during that period had been in effect, plus interest computed under section 8334(e).

(h) No deposit may be made with respect to service credited under section 8411(b)(6).

(i)(1) Each employee or Member who has received a refund of retirement deductions under this or any other retirement system established for employees of the Government covering service for which such employee or Member may be allowed credit under this chapter may deposit the amount received, with interest. Credit may not be allowed for the service covered by the refund until the deposit is made.

(2) Interest under this subsection shall be computed in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) and regulations prescribed by the Office. The option under the third sentence of section 8334(e)(2) to make a deposit in one or more installments shall apply to deposits under this subsection.

(3) For the purpose of survivor annuities, deposits authorized by this subsection may also be made by a survivor of an employee or Member.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 536; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §104(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 103–82, title III, §371(b)(2), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 911; Pub. L. 103–353, §5(d), (e)(2), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3174; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(14), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 657; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(8), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(i)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2255; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, §1066(d)(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 773; Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(b)], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–52; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(3)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1132(b)(2)(A), (B), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1243, 1244; Pub. L. 107–135, title I, §122(b), Jan. 23, 2002, 115 Stat. 2451; Pub. L. 108–92, §1(b), Oct. 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(b)(2)(A), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(4), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §§1901(b), 1904(a), (b)(2), (3)(A), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2615, 2616; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(b), (c)(2)(A), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 199; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title IV, §401(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 115–352, §§2(b), 3(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5067, 5068.)

Section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), is classified to section 3101(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is Pub. L. 88–452, Aug. 20, 1964, 78 Stat. 508. Title VIII of the Act probably means title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 89–794, title VIII, §801, Nov. 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 1472, and generally revised and amended by Pub. L. 90–222, title I, §110, Dec. 23, 1967, 81 Stat. 722, which was classified generally to subchapter VIII (§2991 et seq.) of chapter 34 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, title VI, §603, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 417. Part A of title VIII of the Act is part A of title VIII of Pub. L. 88–452 as added by Pub. L. 90–222, §110, which was classified generally to part A (§2992 et seq.) of subchapter VIII of chapter 34 of Title 42, prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 93–113, §603. See sections 4951 et seq. and 5055 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is Pub. L. 93–113, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 394. Parts A and C of title I of the Act are classified generally to parts A (§4951 et seq.) and C (§4991 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Part B of title I of the Act, which was classified generally to part B (§4971 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 66 of Title 42, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–13, title II, §2121, Apr. 21, 2009, 123 Stat. 1584. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4950 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Peace Corps Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is Pub. L. 87–293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§2501 et seq.) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Sections 5(c) and 6(1) of the Act are classified to sections 2504(c) and 2505(1), respectively, of Title 22. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of Title 22 and Tables.

**2018**—Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 115–352, §2(b), added par. (7).

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 115–352, §3(b), added par. (5).

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–67, §401(b)(1), inserted "or further revised annuity employees" after "revised annuity employees".

Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 113–67, §401(b)(2), added subpar. (C).

**2012**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–96, §5001(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "The applicable percentage under this paragraph for civilian service by employees or Members other than revised annuity employees" for "The applicable percentage under this paragraph for civilian service", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 112–96, §5001(c)(2)(A), substituted "section 8415(m)" for "section 8415(l)".

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84, §1904(b)(3)(A), amended section catchline generally, inserting "; deposits" after "service".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–84, §1904(b)(2), inserted at end "Deposits made by an employee, Member, or survivor also shall be credited to the Fund."

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 111–84, §1901(b), substituted "paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8415(l)" for "section 8415(k)".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–84, §1904(a), added subsec. (i).

**2007**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–161 inserted table for customs and border protection officer.

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–176, which directed the substitution of "8415(j)" for "8415(i)", could not be executed because "8415(i)" did not appear subsequent to amendment by Pub. L. 108–92. See below.

Pub. L. 108–92 substituted "8415(k)" for "8415(i)".

**2002**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107–135 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(b)(2)(B), substituted "other service" for "military service" in section catchline.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–107, §1132(b)(2)(A), added subsec. (h).

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–553 inserted "member of the Supreme Court Police," after "member of the Capitol Police," in table for law enforcement officer, firefighter, member of the Capitol Police, or air traffic controller.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(b)(1)], added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3), which set out tables of applicable percentages for employee, Congressional employee, Member, law enforcement officer, firefighter, member of the Capitol Police, air traffic controller, and nuclear materials courier.

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(b)(2)], inserted "and" at end of subpar. (A), substituted a period for "; and" at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: "January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002, shall be 3.5 percent."

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title V, §505(b)(3)], inserted "and" at end of subpar. (A), substituted a period for "; and" at end of subpar. (B), and struck out subpar. (C) which read as follows: "January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2002, shall be 3.5 percent."

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–65, in table for nuclear materials courier, substituted "October 16, 1998" for "the day before the date of the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999" and "October 17, 1998" for "The date of the enactment of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999".

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–261 inserted table for nuclear materials courier.

**1997**—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(b)(1)(A), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "The applicable percentage under this subsection for any pay period shall be—

"(A) in the case of an employee (other than a law enforcement officer, firefighter, air traffic controller, or Congressional employee) a percentage equal to—

"(i) 7 percent, minus

"(ii) the percentage then in effect under section 3101(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (relating to rate of tax for old-age, survivors, and disability insurance); and

"(B) in the case of a Member, law enforcement officer, firefighter, air traffic controller, or Congressional employee, a percentage equal to—

"(i) 7½ percent, minus

"(ii) the same percentage as would apply in the case of an employee under subparagraph (A)(ii)."

Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(b)(1)(B)(i), inserted "and subject to paragraph (6)," after "Except as provided in subparagraph (B),".

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(b)(1)(B)(ii), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(b)(1)(C)(i), inserted at end "This paragraph shall be subject to paragraph (4)."

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105–33, §7001(b)(1)(C)(ii), added par. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–61 added subsec. (g).

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "Secretary of the Treasury" for "Comptroller General of the United States".

Subsec. (e)(1)(A), (3). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer" for "Clerk".

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(e)(2), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(d)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and substituted "Except as provided in subparagraph (B), each employee" for "Each employee" and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(d)(2), inserted before comma at end "following the period of military service for which such deposit is due".

**1993**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–82 added subsec. (f).

**1988**—Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100–238 added par. (5).

Amendment by section 1901(b) of Pub. L. 111–84 applicable with respect to any annuity, entitlement to which is based on a death or other separation from service occurring on or after Oct. 28, 2009, see section 1901(c) of Pub. L. 111–84, set out as a note under section 8415 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–92 applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement which is based on a separation from service occurring on or after Oct. 3, 2003, see section 2 of Pub. L. 108–92, set out as a note under section 8415 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–135 effective 60 days after Jan. 23, 2002, and applicable to individuals who separate from service on or after that effective date, see section 122(c) of Pub. L. 107–135, set out as a note under section 8415 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–107 applicable only to separations from service as an employee of the United States on or after Dec. 28, 2001, see section 1132(c) of Pub. L. 107–107, set out as a note under section 8332 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–346 effective upon the close of calendar year 2000 and applicable thereafter, see section 101(a) [title V, §505(i)] of Pub. L. 106–346, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–33 effective Oct. 1, 1997, see section 7001(f) of Pub. L. 105–33, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–82 effective Oct. 1, 1993, and applicable with respect to any individual entitled to an annuity on the basis of a separation from service occurring before, on, or after Oct. 1, 1993, subject to rule relating to annuities based on earlier separations, see sections 371(c) and 392 of Pub. L. 103–82, set out as notes under section 8332 of this title and section 4951 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, respectively.

Payments from the Office of Personnel Management authorized by section 3(b) of Pub. L. 115–352, which amended this section, to be paid from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 115–352, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(i)(2), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256, provided that: "Contributions under subsections (a) and (b) of section 8423 of title 5, United States Code, shall not be reduced as a result of that portion of the amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] requiring employee deductions at a rate in excess of 7.5 percent for the period beginning on January 1, 1999, and ending on December 31, 2002."

Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7001(b)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 658, provided that: "Contributions under section 8423(a) and (b) of title 5, United States Code, shall not be reduced as a result of the amendments made under paragraph (1) [amending this section] of this subsection."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) Each employing agency having any employees or Members subject to section 8422(a) shall contribute to the Fund an amount equal to the sum of—

(A) the product of—

(i) the normal-cost percentage, as determined for employees (other than employees covered by subparagraph (B)), multiplied by

(ii) the aggregate amount of basic pay payable by the agency, for the period involved, to employees (under clause (i)) who are within such agency; and

(B) the product of—

(i) the normal-cost percentage, as determined for Members, Congressional employees (including a separate normal-cost percentage for Congressional employees that are members of the Capitol Police covered under subsection (d) of section 8412 and subsection (c) of section 8425), law enforcement officers, members of the Supreme Court Police, firefighters, nuclear materials couriers, customs and border protection officers, air traffic controllers, military reserve technicians, and employees under sections 302 and 303 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act, multiplied by

(ii) the aggregate amount of basic pay payable by the agency, for the period involved, to employees and Members (under clause (i)) who are within such agency.

(2)(A) In determining any normal-cost percentage to be applied under this subsection, amounts provided for under section 8422 shall be taken into account.

(B)(i) Subject to clauses (ii) and (iii), for purposes of any period in any year beginning after December 31, 2013, the normal-cost percentage under this subsection shall be determined and applied as if section 401(b) of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 had not been enacted.

(ii) Any contributions under this subsection in excess of the amounts which (but for clause (i)) would otherwise have been payable shall be applied toward reducing the unfunded liability of the Civil Service Retirement System.

(iii) After the unfunded liability of the Civil Service Retirement System has been eliminated, as determined by the Office, Government contributions under this subsection shall be determined and made disregarding this subparagraph.

(iv) The preceding provisions of this subparagraph shall be disregarded for purposes of determining the contributions payable by the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission.

(3) Contributions under this subsection shall be paid—

(A) in the case of law enforcement officers, members of the Supreme Court Police, firefighters, nuclear materials couriers, customs and border protection officers, air traffic controllers, military reserve technicians, and other employees, from the appropriation or fund used to pay such law enforcement officers, members of the Supreme Court Police, firefighters, nuclear materials couriers, customs and border protection officers, air traffic controllers, military reserve technicians, or other employees, respectively;

(B) in the case of elected officials, from an appropriation or fund available for payment of other salaries of the same office or establishment; and

(C) in the case of employees of the legislative branch paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives.

(4) A contribution to the Fund under this subsection shall be deposited under such procedures as the Comptroller General of the United States may prescribe.

(b)(1) The Office shall compute—

(A) the amount of the supplemental liability of the Fund with respect to individuals other than those to whom subparagraph (B) relates, and

(B) the amount of the supplemental liability of the Fund with respect to current or former employees of the United States Postal Service (and the Postal Regulatory Commission) and their survivors;

as of the close of each fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1987.

(2) The amount of any supplemental liability computed under paragraph (1)(A) or (1)(B) shall be amortized in 30 equal annual installments, with interest computed at the rate used in the most recent valuation of the System.

(3) At the end of each fiscal year, the Office shall notify—

(A) the Secretary of the Treasury of the amount of the installment computed under this subsection for such year with respect to individuals under paragraph (1)(A); and

(B) the Postmaster General of the United States of the amount of the installment computed under this subsection for such year with respect to individuals under paragraph (1)(B).

(4)(A) Before closing the accounts for a fiscal year, the Secretary of the Treasury shall credit to the Fund, as a Government contribution, out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, the amount under paragraph (3)(A) for such year.

(B) Upon receiving notification under paragraph (3)(B), the United States Postal Service shall pay the amount specified in such notification to the Fund.

(5) For the purpose of carrying out paragraph (1) with respect to any fiscal year, the Office may—

(A) require the Board of Actuaries of the Civil Service Retirement System to make actuarial determinations and valuations, make recommendations, and maintain records in the same manner as provided in section 8347(f); and

(B) use the latest actuarial determinations and valuations made by such Board of Actuaries.

(c) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, the head of an agency may request reconsideration of any amount determined to be payable with respect to such agency under subsection (a) or (b). Any such request shall be referred to the Board of Actuaries of the Civil Service Retirement System. The Board of Actuaries shall review the computations of the Office and may make any adjustment with respect to any such amount which the Board determines appropriate. A determination by the Board of Actuaries under this subsection shall be final.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 537; amended Pub. L. 102–378, §2(66), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 102–496, title VIII, §803(c), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3253; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(15), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(j), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(4)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(5), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title IV, §401(c), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 116–94, div. E, title II, §211, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2773.)

Sections 302 and 303 of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i), are classified to sections 2152 and 2153, respectively, of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Section 401(b) of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i), is section 401(b) of div. A of Pub. L. 113–67, which amended section 8422 of this title.

**2019**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 116–94 inserted "(including a separate normal-cost percentage for Congressional employees that are members of the Capitol Police covered under subsection (d) of section 8412 and subsection (c) of section 8425)" after "Congressional employees".

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 113–67 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

**2007**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i), (3)(A). Pub. L. 110–161 inserted "customs and border protection officers," after "nuclear materials couriers," wherever appearing.

**2006**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–553 inserted "members of the Supreme Court Police," after "law enforcement officers," wherever appearing.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i), (3)(A). Pub. L. 105–261 inserted "nuclear materials couriers," after "firefighters," wherever appearing.

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives" for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, from the contingent fund of the House".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 102–496 substituted "the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act" for "the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 for Certain Employees".

Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "multiplied" for "multipled".

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective at the beginning of the first pay period that begins after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–496 effective first day of fourth month beginning after Oct. 24, 1992, see section 805 of Pub. L. 102–496, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Statutory functions, duties, or authority of Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives or Secretary of the Senate as disbursing officers for the Capitol Police transferred to Chief of the Capitol Police, and references in any law or resolution before Feb. 20, 2003, to funds paid or disbursed by Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives and Secretary of the Senate relating to pay and allowances of Capitol Police employees deemed to refer to Chief of the Capitol Police. See section 1907(a) of Title 2, The Congress.

(a) Subject to subsection (b), an employee or Member who—

(1)(A) is separated from the service for at least 31 consecutive days; or

(B) is transferred to a position in which the individual is not subject to this chapter and remains in such a position for at least 31 consecutive days;

(2) files an application with the Office for payment of the lump-sum credit;

(3) is not reemployed in a position in which the individual is subject to this chapter at the time of filing the application; and

(4) will not become eligible to receive an annuity within 31 days after filing the application;

is entitled to be paid the lump-sum credit. Except as provided in section 8420a, payment of the lump-sum credit to an employee or Member voids all annuity rights under this subchapter, and subchapters IV and V of this chapter, based on the service on which the lump-sum credit is based, until the employee or Member is reemployed in the service subject to this chapter.

(b)(1)(A) Payment of the lump-sum credit under subsection (a) may be made only if the spouse, if any, and any former spouse of the employee or Member are notified of the employee or Member's application.

(B) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which the lump-sum credit shall not be paid without the consent of a spouse or former spouse of the employee or Member where the Office has received such additional information or documentation as the Office may require that—

(i) a court order bars payment of the lump-sum credit in order to preserve the court's ability to award an annuity under section 8445 or 8467; or

(ii) payment of the lump-sum credit would extinguish the entitlement of the spouse or former spouse, under a court order on file with the Office, to a survivor annuity under section 8445 or to any portion of an annuity under section 8467.

(2)(A) Notification of a spouse or former spouse under this subsection shall be made in accordance with such requirements as the Office shall by regulation prescribe.

(B) Under the regulations, the Office may provide that paragraph (1)(A) may be waived with respect to a spouse or former spouse if the employee or Member establishes to the satisfaction of the Office that the whereabouts of such spouse or former spouse cannot be determined.

(3) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which this subsection shall be applied in any case in which the Office receives two or more orders or decrees referred to in paragraph (1)(B)(i).

(c) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, an employee or Member, or a former employee or Member, may designate one or more beneficiaries under this section.

(d) Lump-sum benefits authorized by subsections (e) through (g) shall be paid to the individual or individuals surviving the employee or Member and alive at the date title to the payment arises in the following order of precedence, and the payment bars recovery by any other individual:

First, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries designated by the employee or Member in a signed and witnessed writing received in the Office before the death of such employee or Member. For this purpose, a designation, change, or cancellation of beneficiary in a will or other document not so executed and filed has no force or effect.

Second, if there is no designated beneficiary, to the widow or widower of the employee or Member.

Third, if none of the above, to the child or children of the employee or Member and descendants of deceased children by representation.

Fourth, if none of the above, to the parents of the employee or Member or the survivor of them.

Fifth, if none of the above, to the duly appointed executor or administrator of the estate of the employee or Member.

Sixth, if none of the above, to such other next of kin of the employee or Member as the Office determines to be entitled under the laws of the domicile of the employee or Member at the date of death of the employee or Member.

For the purpose of this subsection, "child" includes a natural child and an adopted child, but does not include a stepchild.

(e) If an employee or Member, or former employee or Member, dies—

(1) without a survivor, or

(2) with a survivor or survivors and the right of all survivors under subchapter IV terminates before a claim for survivor annuity under such subchapter is filed,

the lump-sum credit shall be paid.

(f) If all annuity rights under this chapter (other than under subchapter III of this chapter) based on the service of a deceased employee or Member terminate before the total annuity paid equals the lump-sum credit, the difference shall be paid.

(g) If an annuitant dies, annuity accrued and unpaid shall be paid.

(h) Annuity accrued and unpaid on the termination, except by death, of the annuity of an annuitant or survivor shall be paid to that individual. Annuity accrued and unpaid on the death of a survivor shall be paid in the following order of precedence, and the payment bars recovery by any other person:

First, to the duly appointed executor or administrator of the estate of the survivor.

Second, if there is no executor or administrator, payment may be made, after 30 days from the date of death of the survivor, to such next of kin of the survivor as the Office determines to be entitled under the laws of the domicile of the survivor at the date of death.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 539; amended Pub. L. 106–361, §3(b), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1402; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XIX, §1904(b)(4), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2617.)

**2009**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted "based, until the employee or Member is reemployed in the service subject to this chapter." for "based." in concluding provisions.

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–361 amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "Payment of the lump-sum credit under subsection (a)—

"(A) may be made only if any current spouse and any former spouse of the employee or Member are notified of the application by the employee or Member; and

"(B) in any case in which there is a former spouse, shall be subject to the terms of a court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation issued with respect to such former spouse if—

"(i) the decree expressly relates to any portion of the lump-sum credit involved; and

"(ii) payment of the lump-sum credit would affect any right or interest of the former spouse with respect to a survivor annuity under section 8445, or to any portion of an annuity under section 8467."

(a) An air traffic controller who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(e) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that air traffic controller becomes 56 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The Secretary, under such regulations as the Secretary may prescribe, may exempt a controller having exceptional skills and experience as a controller from the automatic separation provisions of this subsection until that controller becomes 61 years of age. The Secretary shall notify the controller in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days before that date. Action to separate the controller is not effective, without the consent of the controller, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires. For purposes of this subsection, the term "air traffic controller" or "controller" has the meaning given to it under section 8401(35)(A).

(b)(1) A law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d)(1) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that law enforcement officer, firefighter, nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer 1 as the case may be, becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. If the head of the agency judges that the public interest so requires, that agency head may exempt such an employee from automatic separation under this subsection until that employee becomes 60 years of age. The employing office shall notify the employee in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days before that date. Action to separate the employee is not effective, without the consent of the employee, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(2) In the case of employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting "65 years of age" for "60 years of age". The authority to grant exemptions in accordance with the preceding sentence shall cease to be available after December 31, 2011.

(c) A member of the Capitol Police who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d)(1) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such member becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The Capitol Police Board, when in its judgment the public interest so requires, may exempt such a member from automatic separation under this subsection until that member becomes 60 years of age. The Board shall notify the member in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days before that date. Action to separate the member is not effective, without the consent of the member, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(d) A member of the Supreme Court Police who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d)(1) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such member becomes 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age. The Marshal of the Supreme Court of the United States, when in his judgment the public interest so requires, may exempt such a member from automatic separation under this subsection until that member becomes 60 years of age. The Marshal shall notify the member in writing of the date of separation at least 60 days before the date. Action to separate the member is not effective, without the consent of the member, until the last day of the month in which the 60-day notice expires.

(e) The President, by Executive order, may exempt an employee (other than a member of the Capitol Police or Supreme Court Police) from automatic separation under this section if the President determines the public interest so requires.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 540; amended Pub. L. 101–428, §3(b)(1)(A), (2), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929, 930; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title IV, §409(b)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1468; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(67), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1354; Pub. L. 103–283, title III, §307(b)(1), July 22, 1994, 108 Stat. 1441; Pub. L. 105–261, div. C, title XXXI, §3154(k), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2256; Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(5)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A–87; Pub. L. 107–27, §2(b), Aug. 20, 2001, 115 Stat. 207; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(a)(3)(B), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2529; Pub. L. 108–447, div. B, title I, §112(b), Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2868; Pub. L. 108–458, title II, §2005(b), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3704; Pub. L. 110–161, div. E, title V, §535(b)(6), Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2076; Pub. L. 111–259, title IV, §444(b), Oct. 7, 2010, 124 Stat. 2733; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(v), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2296.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

**2022**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (c), (d). Pub. L. 117–225 inserted "(1)" after "section 8412(d)".

**2010**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 111–259, §444(b)(2), struck out par. (2) added by section 2005(b)(2) of Pub. L. 108–458 which read as follows: "In the case of employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the second sentence of paragraph (1) shall be applied by substituting '65 years of age' for '60 years of age'. The Federal Bureau of Investigation may not grant more than 50 exemptions in any fiscal year in accordance with the preceding sentence, and the authority to grant such exemptions shall cease to be available after September 30, 2007."

Pub. L. 111–259, §444(b)(1), amended par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and providing that authority to grant exemptions shall cease to be available after Dec. 31, 2009, by substituting "2011" for "2009".

**2007**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer who" for "or nuclear materials courier who" and "nuclear materials courier, or customs and border protection officer" for "or nuclear materials courier,".

**2004**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–447, §112(b)(1), and Pub. L. 108–458, §2005(b)(1), amended subsec. (b) identically, designating existing provisions as par. (1).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–458, §2005(b)(2), added par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, limiting number of exemptions to 50 per fiscal year, and providing that authority to grant such exemptions shall cease to be available after Sept. 30, 2007.

Pub. L. 108–447, §112(b)(2), added par. (2) relating to employees of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and providing that authority to grant exemptions shall cease to be available after Dec. 31, 2009.

**2003**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–176 inserted at end "For purposes of this subsection, the term 'air traffic controller' or 'controller' has the meaning given to it under section 8401(35)(A)."

**2001**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–27 struck out first sentence which read "A firefighter who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which such firefighter becomes 55 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age." and, in second sentence, inserted ", firefighter," after "law enforcement officer" in two places and substituted "courier, as the case may be, becomes 57 years of age" for "courier becomes 57 years of age".

**2000**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(5)(A)], added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 106–553, §1(a)(2) [title III, §308(c)(5)], redesignated subsec. (d) as (e) and substituted "Police or Supreme Court Police)" for "Police)".

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–261, in second sentence, inserted "or nuclear materials courier" after "law enforcement officer" in two places.

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–283, §307(b)(1)(A), struck out "member of the Capitol Police or" before "firefighter who is" and "member or" before "firefighter becomes" in first sentence.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 103–283, §307(b)(1)(B), (C), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378 amended first sentence generally and, in second sentence, substituted "becomes" for "become". Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "A law enforcement officer, member of the Capitol Police, or firefighter who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that law enforcement officer, member of the Capitol Police, or firefighter becomes 55 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age."

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §409(b)(1)], which directed the amendment of subsec. (b) by striking out "law enforcement officer or" wherever appearing in first sentence, could not be executed because of a prior amendment by Pub. L. 101–428, §3(b)(1)(A), see below.

Pub. L. 101–509, §529 [title IV, §409(b)(2)], inserted after first sentence "A law enforcement officer who is otherwise eligible for immediate retirement under section 8412(d) shall be separated from the service on the last day of the month in which that law enforcement officer become 57 years of age or completes 20 years of service if then over that age."

Pub. L. 101–428, §3(b)(1)(A), substituted "officer, member of the Capitol Police, or" for "officer or" in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–428, §3(b)(2), inserted "(other than a member of the Capitol Police)" after "employee".

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–161 effective on the later of June 30, 2008, or the first day of the first pay period beginning at least 6 months after Dec. 26, 2007, with transition rules and rights of election, see section 535(e) of Pub. L. 110–161, set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–553 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period that begins on Dec. 21, 2000, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a member of the Supreme Court Police after Dec. 21, 2000, see section 1(a)(2) [title III, §308(i), (j)] of Pub. L. 106–553, set out in a Supreme Court Police Retirement note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–261 effective 1 year after Oct. 17, 1998, and applicable only to an individual who is employed as a nuclear materials courier, as defined by section 8331(27) or 8401(33) of this title, after Oct. 17, 1998, see section 3154(m), (n) of Pub. L. 105–261, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–428, §3(b)(1)(B), Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 929, provided that: "Nothing in section 8425(b) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subparagraph (A), shall require the automatic separation of any member of the Capitol Police before the end of the 2-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990]."

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a) For purposes of this subchapter, separation from Government employment includes a transfer from a position that is subject to one of the retirement systems described in subsection (b) to a position that is not subject to any of them.

(b) The retirement systems described in this subsection are—

(1) the retirement system under this chapter;

(2) the retirement system under subchapter III of chapter 83; and

(3) any other retirement system under which individuals may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund through withholdings from pay.

(Added Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §203(a)(1), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1820.)

A prior section 8431, added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 541; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(6)(B)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1440, provided a definition of "basic pay" for this subchapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §§206(a)(2), 207]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378, effective Sept. 30, 1996.

Pub. L. 106–168, title II, §203(c), Dec. 12, 1999, 113 Stat. 1820, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 8351 of this title] shall apply with respect to transfers occurring before, on, or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1999], except that, for purposes of applying such amendments with respect to any transfer occurring before such date of enactment, the date of such transfer shall be considered to be the date of the enactment of this Act. The Executive Director (within the meaning of section 8401(13) of title 5, United States Code) may prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection."

(a)(1) An employee or Member may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund in any pay period, pursuant to an election under subsection (b), an amount not to exceed the maximum percentage of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under paragraph (2). Contributions under this subsection pursuant to such an election shall, with respect to each pay period for which such election remains in effect, be made in accordance with a program of regular contributions provided in regulations prescribed by the Executive Director.

(2) The maximum percentage allowable under this paragraph shall be determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of a pay period beginningin fiscal year: | The maximum percentageallowable is: |
---|---|

2001 | 11 |

2002 | 12 |

2003 | 13 |

2004 | 14 |

2005 | 15 |

2006 or thereafter | 100. |


(3) Notwithstanding any limitation under this subsection, an eligible participant (as defined by section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) may make such additional contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund as are permitted by such section 414(v) and regulations of the Executive Director consistent therewith.

(b)(1)(A)(i) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations under which employees and Members may make contributions under subsection (a), to modify the amount to be contributed under such subsection, or to terminate such contributions.

(ii) An election to make contributions under this paragraph—

(I) may be made at any time;

(II) shall take effect on the earliest date after the election that is administratively feasible; and

(III) shall remain in effect until modified or terminated.

(B) The amount to be contributed pursuant to an election under subparagraph (A) shall be the percentage of basic pay or amount designated by the employee or Member.

(2)(A) The Executive Director shall by regulation provide for an eligible individual to be automatically enrolled to make contributions under subsection (a) at the default percentage of basic pay.

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the default percentage shall be equal to 3 percent or such other percentage, not less than 2 percent nor more than 5 percent, as the Board may prescribe.

(C) The regulations shall include provisions under which any individual who would otherwise be automatically enrolled in accordance with subparagraph (A) may—

(i) modify the percentage or amount to be contributed pursuant to automatic enrollment, effective not later than the first full pay period following receipt of the election by the appropriate processing entity; or

(ii) decline automatic enrollment altogether.

(D)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), for purposes of this paragraph, the term "eligible individual" means any individual who, after any regulations under subparagraph (A) first take effect, is appointed, transferred, or reappointed to a position in which that individual becomes eligible to contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(ii) (ii) 1 Except in the case of a full TSP member (as defined in section 8440e(a)), members of the uniformed services shall not be eligible individuals for purposes of this paragraph.

(E) Sections 8351(a)(1), 8440a(a)(1), 8440b(a)(1), 8440c(a)(1), 8440d(a)(1), and 8440e(b)(1) shall be applied in a manner consistent with the purposes of this paragraph.

(F) Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, if a full TSP member (as defined in section 8440e(a)) has declined automatic enrollment into the Thrift Savings Plan for a year, the full TSP member shall be automatically reenrolled on January 1 of the succeeding year, with contributions under subsection (a) at the default percentage of basic pay.

(c)(1)(A) At the time prescribed by the Executive Director, but no later than 12 days after the end of the pay period that includes the first date on which an employee or Member may make contributions under subsection (a) (without regard to whether the employee or Member has elected to make such contributions during such pay period), and within such time as the Executive Director may prescribe with respect to succeeding pay periods (but no later than 12 days after the end of each such pay period), the employing agency shall contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund for the benefit of such employee or Member the amount equal to 1 percent of the basic pay of such employee or Member for such pay period.

(B) In the case of each employee or Member who is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987, and continues as an employee or Member without a break in service through April 1, 1987, the employing agency shall contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund for the benefit of such employee or Member the amount equal to 1 percent of the total basic pay paid to such employee or Member for that period of service.

(C) If an employee or Member—

(i) is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987;

(ii) separates from Government employment before April 1, 1987; and

(iii) before separation, completes the number of years of civilian service applicable to such employee or Member under subparagraph (A) or (B) of subsection (g)(2),

the employing agency shall contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund for the benefit of such employee or Member the amount equal to 1 percent of the total basic pay paid to such employee or Member for service performed on or after January 1, 1987, and before the date of the separation.

(2)(A) In addition to contributions made under paragraph (1), the employing agency of an employee or Member who contributes to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) for any pay period shall make a contribution to the Thrift Savings Fund for the benefit of such employee or Member. The employing agency's contribution shall be made within such time as the Executive Director may prescribe, but no later than 12 days after the end of each such pay period.

(B) The amount contributed under subparagraph (A) by an employing agency with respect to a contribution of an employee or Member during any pay period shall be the amount equal to the sum of—

(i) such portion of the total amount of the employee's or Member's contribution as does not exceed 3 percent of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such period; and

(ii) one-half of such portion of the amount of the employee's or Member's contribution as exceeds 3 percent, but does not exceed 5 percent, of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period.

(C) Notwithstanding subparagraph (B), the amount contributed under subparagraph (A) by an employing agency with respect to any contribution made by an employee or Member during any pay period which begins after the date on which such employee or Member makes an election under subsection (b)(4) 2 and before July 1, 1987, shall be the amount equal to the sum of—

(i) two times such portion of the total amount of the employee's or Member's contribution as does not exceed 3 percent of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period; and

(ii) such portion of the total amount of the employee's or Member's contributions as exceeds 3 percent, but does not exceed 5 percent, of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period.

(3)(A) There shall be contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund on behalf of each employee or Member described in subparagraph (B) the amount determined under subparagraph (C).

(B) An employee or Member referred to in subparagraph (A) is an employee or Member who—

(i) is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987;

(ii) has creditable service described in section 8411(b)(2) of this title; and

(iii) has not received a refund of the amount of the retirement deductions made with respect to such service under section 204 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983.

(C) The amount referred to in subparagraph (A) in the case of an employee or Member is equal to the sum of—

(i) 1 percent of the total basic pay paid to such employee or Member for service described in section 8411(b)(2) of this title; and

(ii) interest on such amount computed with respect to such service in the manner provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of section 8334(e) of this title.

(D) The Secretary of the Treasury shall credit to the Thrift Savings Fund, out of any sums in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the amounts determined by the Director to be necessary to carry out this paragraph.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, no contribution may be made under this section for any year to the extent that such contribution, when added to prior contributions for such year, exceeds any limitation under section 415 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. However, no contribution made under subsection (c)(3) shall be subject to, or taken into account, for purposes of the preceding sentence.

(e) The sums required to be contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund by an employing agency under subsection (c) for the benefit of an employee or Member shall be paid from the appropriation or fund available to such agency for payment of salaries of the employee's or Member's office or establishment. When an employee or Member in the legislative branch is paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives the contribution that otherwise would be contributed from the appropriation or fund used to pay the employee or Member.

(f) Amounts contributed by an employee or Member under subsection (a) and amounts contributed with respect to such employee or Member under subsection (c) shall be deposited in the Thrift Savings Fund to the credit of that employee's or Member's account in accordance with such procedures as the Secretary of the Treasury may, in consultation with the Executive Director, prescribe in regulations.

(g)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, all contributions made under this section shall be fully nonforfeitable when made.

(2) Contributions made for the benefit of an employee under subsection (c)(1) and all earnings attributable to such contributions shall be forfeited if the employee separates from Government employment before completing—

(A) 2 years of civilian service in the case of an employee who, at the time of separation, is serving in—

(i) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as defined in section 3132(a)(7) of this title);

(ii) a position listed in section 5312, 5313, 5314, 5315, or 5316 of this title or a position placed in level IV or V of the Executive Schedule under section 5317 of this title; or

(iii) a position in the Executive branch which is excepted from the competitive service by the Office by reason of the confidential and policy-determining character of the position;

(B) 3 years of civilian service in the case of an employee who is not serving in a position described in subparagraph (A) at the time of separation; or

(C) 2 years of service in the case of a member of the uniformed services.

(3) Contributions made for the benefit of a Member or Congressional employee under subsection (c)(1) and all earnings attributable to such contributions shall be forfeited if the Member or Congressional employee separates from Government employment before completing 2 years of civilian service.

(4) Nothing in paragraph (2) or (3) shall cause the forfeiture of any contributions made for the benefit of an employee, Member, or Congressional employee under subsection (c)(1), or any earnings attributable thereto, if such employee, Member, or Congressional employee is not separated from Government employment as of date of death.

(5) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, contributions made by the Government for the benefit of an employee or Member under subsection (c), and all earnings attributable to such contributions, shall be forfeited if the annuity of the employee or Member, or that of a survivor or beneficiary, is forfeited under subchapter II of chapter 83.

(h) No transfers or contributions may be made to the Thrift Savings Fund except as provided in this chapter or section 8351 of this title.

(i)(1) This subsection applies to any employee—

(A) to whom section 8432b applies; and

(B) who, during the period of such employee's absence from civilian service (as referred to in section 8432b(b)(2)(B))—

(i) is eligible to make an election described in subsection (b)(1); or

(ii) would be so eligible but for having either elected to terminate individual contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund within 2 months before commencing military service or separated in order to perform military service.

(2) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to ensure that any employee to whom this subsection applies shall, within a reasonable time after being restored or reemployed (in the manner described in section 8432b(a)(2)), be afforded the opportunity to make, for purposes of this section, any election which would be allowable during a period described in subsection (b)(1)(A).

(j)(1) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term "eligible rollover distribution" has the meaning given such term by section 402(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and

(B) the term "qualified trust" has the meaning given such term by section 402(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(2) An employee or Member may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund an eligible rollover that a qualified trust could accept under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. A contribution made under this subsection shall be made in the form described in section 401(a)(31) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. In the case of an eligible rollover distribution, the maximum amount transferred to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not exceed the amount which would otherwise have been included in the employee's or Member's gross income for Federal income tax purposes.

(3) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

(k)(1) Only those employees of the Central Intelligence Agency participating in the pilot project required by section 402(b) of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–306; 50 U.S.C. 403–4 note) 2 and making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund out of basic pay may also contribute (by direct transfer to the Fund) any part of bonus pay received by the employee as part of the pilot project.

(2) Contributions under this subsection are subject to subsection (d).

(3) For purposes of subsection (c), basic pay of an employee of the Central Intelligence Agency participating in the pilot project referred to in paragraph (1) shall include bonus pay received by the employee as part of the pilot project.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 541; amended Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(a)(1), (2), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1929, 1930; Pub. L. 100–20, §1(b), Apr. 7, 1987, 101 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§114, 115, 121, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1751, 1752; Pub. L. 103–353, §§4(c), 5(e)(3), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3172, 3174; Pub. L. 104–93, title III, §304(a), Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 965; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(16), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(g), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 106–361, §§1(a), 2(a), (b)(1)–(3), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1400, 1401; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(1)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 107–304, §1(b)(1), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2363; Pub. L. 108–177, title IV, §405(b)(2), Dec. 13, 2003, 117 Stat. 2632; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(b), (c), (d)(2), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3891; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §102, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1853; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §632(b), (c), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VI, §632, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2162.)

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3), (d), and (j), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Subsection (b)(4), referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(C), was repealed by section 102(a) of Pub. L. 111–31. See 2009 Amendment note below.

Section 204 of the Federal Employees' Retirement Contribution Temporary Adjustment Act of 1983 [Pub. L. 98–168], referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(B)(iii), is set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

The Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003, referred to in subsec. (k)(1), is Pub. L. 107–306, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2383. Section 402 of the Act was formerly set out as a note under section 403–4 of Title 50, War and National Defense, and was editorially reclassified as a note under section 3505 of Title 50.

**2016**—Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 114–328, §632, repealed Pub. L. 114–92, §632(c)(2). See 2015 Amendment note below.

**2015**—Subsec. (b)(2)(D)(ii). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(b)(1), substituted "(ii) Except in the case of a full TSP member (as defined in section 8440e(a)), members" for "Members".

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(b)(2), substituted "8440e(b)(1)" for "8440e(a)(1)".

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(b)(3), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (g)(2)(C). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(c)(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(c)(2), which directed the amendment of subsec. (g) by adding at the end "(6) For purposes of this subsection, a member of the uniformed services shall be considered to have separated from Government employment if the member is discharged or released from service in the uniformed services.", was repealed by Pub. L. 114–328, §632.

**2009**—Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 111–31, §102(b), which directed the amendment of par. (1) by "striking the parenthetical matter in subparagraph (B)" was executed by striking out "(or any election allowable by virtue of paragraph (4))" before "shall be the percentage", but not striking out "(A)" after "subparagraph", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(2) to (4). Pub. L. 111–31, §102(a), added par. (2) and struck out former pars. (2) to (4) which related to eligibility to make an election regarding contributions.

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–469, §1(b), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), substituted "may" for "shall be afforded a reasonable period every 6 months to elect to", struck out second sentence which read "An election to make such contributions shall remain in effect until modified or terminated.", and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(2)(A), (C). Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(2)(A), (B), substituted "until the date" for "until the second period".

Subsec. (b)(2)(D). Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(2)(C), substituted "as provided" for "other than during a period afforded".

Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 108–469, §1(c), designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

**2003**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 108–177 added subsec. (k).

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 107–304 added par. (3).

**2000**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–554 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted "the maximum percentage of such employee's or Member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under paragraph (2)." for "10 percent of such individual's basic pay for such period.", and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(1), substituted "(b)" for "(b)(1)" and "Contributions under this subsection pursuant to such an election shall, with respect to each pay period for which such election remains in effect, be made in accordance with a program of regular contributions provided in regulations prescribed by the Executive Director" for "Contributions made under this subsection during any 6-month period for which an election period is provided under subsection (b)(1) shall be made each pay period during such 6-month period pursuant to a program of regular contributions provided in regulations prescribed by the Executive Director".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(2), inserted "(or any election allowable by virtue of paragraph (4))" after "subparagraph (A)".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(3), substituted "An" for "Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), an".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 106–361, §2(a), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows:

"(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), an employee or Member who is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987, and continues as an employee or Member without a break in service through April 1, 1987, may make the first election for the purpose of subsection (a) during the election period prescribed for such purpose by the Executive Director. The Executive Director shall prescribe an election period for such purpose which shall commence on April 1, 1987. An election by such an employee or Member during that election period shall be effective on the first day of the employee's or Member's first pay period which begins after the date on which the employee or Member makes that election.

"(B) Notwithstanding subsection (a), the maximum amount that an employee or Member may contribute during any pay period which begins on or after April 1, 1987, and before October 1, 1987, pursuant to an election made during the election period provided under subparagraph (A) is the amount equal to 15 percent of such individual's basic pay for such pay period."

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106–361, §1(a), added subsec. (j).

**1996**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts" for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Clerk may pay from the contingent fund".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–316 substituted "Secretary of the Treasury" for "Comptroller General of the United States".

Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 104–93 added par. (5).

**1994**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(e)(3), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103–353, §4(c), added subsec. (i).

**1988**—Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–238, §121(a), substituted "At the time prescribed by the Executive Director, but no later than 12 days after the end of" for "At the end of" and "within such time as the Executive Director may prescribe with respect to succeeding pay periods (but no later than 12 days after the end of each such pay period)" for "at the end of each succeeding pay period".

Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–238, §121(b), substituted "within such time as the Executive Director may prescribe, but no later than 12 days after the end of each such pay period" for "at the end of such pay period".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238, §114, inserted at end "However, no contribution made under subsection (c)(3) shall be subject to, or taken into account, for purposes of the preceding sentence."

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, §115(1), substituted "Except as otherwise provided in this subsection" for "Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3)".

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 100–238, §115(2), added par. (4).

**1987**—Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 100–20 substituted "Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), an employee or Member who is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987, and continues as an employee or Member without a break in service through April 1, 1987, may make the first election for the purpose of subsection (a) during the election period prescribed for such purpose by the Executive Director" for "Notwithstanding paragraph (2)(A), an employee or Member who is an employee or Member on January 1, 1987, continues as an employee or Member without a break in service through April 1, 1987, and has creditable service described in section 8411(b)(2) of this title may make the first election for the purpose of subsection (a) during the election period prescribed for such purpose by the Executive Director".

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 99–509, §6001(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted "continues as an employee or Member without a break in service through April 1, 1987," substituted "April 1, 1987" for "January 1, 1987", substituted "the date on which the employee or Member makes that election" for "the last day of that election period", and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–509, §6001(a)(2)(A), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 99–509, §6001(a)(2)(B), added subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VI, §632, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2162, provided that, effective Dec. 23, 2016, paragraph (2) of section 632(c) of Pub. L. 114–92 (amending this section) is repealed, and the amendment proposed to be made by that paragraph shall not be made or go into effect.

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §635, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 851, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) The term 'appropriate committees of Congress' means—

"(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Natural Resources, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability], and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate.

"(2) The term 'Secretary concerned' has the meaning given that term in section 101 of title 37, United States Code."

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–304 effective as of the earliest practicable date determined by the Executive Director in regulations, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 107–304, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–361, §1(b), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1400, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect at the earliest practicable date after September 30, 2000, as determined by the Executive Director in regulations." [Final regulations implementing the amendments became effective May 2, 2001. See 66 F.R. 22088.]

Pub. L. 106–361, §2(c)(1), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1401, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8439, 8440a, and 8440d of this title] shall take effect at the earliest practicable date after September 30, 2000, as determined by the Executive Director in regulations." [Final regulations implementing the amendments became effective May 2, 2001. See 66 F.R. 22088.]

Pub. L. 104–93, title III, §304(b), Jan. 6, 1996, 109 Stat. 965, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to offenses upon which the requisite annuity forfeitures are based occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1996]."

Amendment by section 4(c) of Pub. L. 103–353 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to any employee whose release from military service, discharge from hospitalization, or other similar event making the individual eligible to seek restoration or reemployment under chapter 43 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, occurs on or after Aug. 2, 1990, with special rules for applying amendment to employees restored or reemployed before effective date, see section 4(e), (f) of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8432b of this title.

Amendment by section 5(e)(3) of Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38.

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(f), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1931, provided that: "This section [amending this section and section 8472 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 8351 of this title], other than subsection (d) [set out below], and the amendments made by this section shall take effect on January 1, 1987."

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(d), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1931, provided that: "The Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board may prescribe regulations to carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c) [amending this section, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 8351 of this title] and the amendments made by subsections (a) and (b)."

Pub. L. 106–361, §2(c)(2), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1401, provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of this section [amending this section and sections 8439, 8440a, and 8440d of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under this section], until the amendments made by this section take effect [see Effective Date of 2000 Amendment note above], title 5, United States Code, shall be applied as if this section had not been enacted."

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §125, Jan. 8, 1988. 101 Stat. 1756, as amended by Pub. L. 107–347, title II, §209(g)(3), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2932; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §7101(b)(6), May 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 1214; Pub. L. 110–246, §4(a), title VII, §7101(b)(6), June 18, 2008, 122 Stat. 1664, 1975, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'Executive Director' means the Executive Director under section 8474 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(2) the term 'Thrift Savings Plan' refers to the program under subchapter III of chapter 84 of title 5, United States Code.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) in computing a percentage of basic pay to determine an amount to be contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund, the rate of basic pay to be used shall be the same as that used in computing any amount which the individual involved is otherwise required, as a condition for participating in the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employees' Retirement System (as the case may be), to contribute to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund; and

"(B) an employing authority which would not otherwise make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund shall be allowed, with respect to any individual under subsection (c) who is serving under such authority, and at the sole discretion of such authority, to make any contributions on behalf of such individual which would be permitted or required under the provisions of section 8432(c) of title 5, United States Code, if such authority were the individual's employing agency under such provisions.

"(c)

"(1) any individual participating in the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employees' Retirement System as—

"(A) an individual who has entered on approved leave without pay to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees (as defined by section 8331(1) or 8401(11) of title 5, United States Code);

"(B) an individual assigned from a Federal agency to a State or local government under subchapter VI of chapter 33 of title 5, United States Code;

"(C) an individual appointed or otherwise assigned to one of the cooperative extension services, as defined by section 1404 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3103); or

"(D) an individual assigned from a Federal agency to a private sector organization under chapter 37 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(2) any individual who is participating in the Civil Service Retirement System as a result of a provision of law described in section 8347(o).

"(d)

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(a)(3), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1930, directed that contributions made to Thrift Savings Fund under 5 U.S.C. 8432(c)(1)(B), (C) and (3) be made as soon as practicable during the 15-day period which began on Apr. 1, 1987.

Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(c), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1931, provided that the requirement that contributions be made for a 6-month period after an election, as provided in 5 U.S.C. 8432(a), did not apply to contributions made pursuant to an election made during the period provided in former 5 U.S.C. 8432(b)(4) or section 206(b) of Pub. L. 99–335, formerly set out as a note under section 8351 of this title; that the first election period prescribed under 5 U.S.C. 8432(b)(1) commence on July 1, 1987; and that each employee or Member who made such an election could make an election under 5 U.S.C. 8432(b)(1) during the election period that began on July 1, 1987.

Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §312, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 608, directed Executive Director of Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board to transmit to Congress, not later than Jan. 1, 1988, a plan to afford Federal employees and Members of Congress who make less than maximum amount of authorized contributions to Thrift Savings Fund in any period an opportunity to contribute to such Fund, in a later period, the excess of such amount over the amount contributed during such period, with plan to include such recommendations for legislation as Executive Director considered appropriate.

2 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations under which an employing agency shall be required to pay to the Thrift Savings Fund amounts representing lost earnings resulting from errors (including errors of omission) made by such agency in carrying out this subchapter, subject to paragraph (2).

(2) If the error involves an employing agency's failure to deduct from basic pay contributions (in whole or in part) on behalf of an individual in accordance with section 8432(a), the regulations shall not provide for the payment of any lost earnings which would be attributable to—

(A) the contributions that the agency failed to deduct from basic pay in accordance with section 8432(a); or

(B) any related contributions under section 8432(c)(2) that the employing agency is not required (by statute or otherwise) to make up.

(b) The regulations—

(1) shall include—

(A) procedures for computing lost earnings; and

(B) procedures under which amounts paid to the Thrift Savings Fund under this section shall be credited to appropriate accounts;

(2) may provide for exceptions from the requirements of this section to the extent that correction of an error is not administratively feasible;

(3) may require an employing agency to reimburse the Thrift Savings Fund for costs incurred by the Thrift Savings Fund in implementing corrections of employing agency errors under this section; and

(4) may include such other provisions as the Executive Director determines appropriate to carry out this section.

(c) Any amounts required to be paid by an employing agency under this section shall be paid from the appropriation or fund available to the employing agency for payment of salaries of the participant's office or establishment. If a participant in the legislative branch is paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives the amount required to be paid to correct errors relating to the Thrift Savings Fund that otherwise would be paid from the appropriation or fund used to pay the participant.

(Added Pub. L. 101–335, §2(a)(1), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 319; amended Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(17), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746.)

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may pay from the applicable accounts" for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Clerk may pay from the contingent fund".

Pub. L. 101–335, §2(b), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] shall apply with respect to lost earnings attributable to errors made before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990]."

(a) This section applies to any employee who—

(1) separates or enters leave-without-pay status in order to perform military service; and

(2) is subsequently restored to or reemployed in a position which is subject to this chapter, pursuant to chapter 43 of title 38.

(b)(1) Each employee to whom this section applies may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund, in accordance with this subsection, an amount not to exceed the amount described in paragraph (2).

(2) The maximum amount which an employee may contribute under this subsection is equal to—

(A) the contributions under section 8432(a) which would have been made, over the period beginning on date of separation or commencement of leave-without-pay status (as applicable) and ending on the day before the date of restoration or reemployment (as applicable); reduced by

(B) any contributions under section 8432(a) or 8440e actually made by such employee over the period described in subparagraph (A).

(3) Contributions under this subsection—

(A) shall be made at the same time and in the same manner as would any contributions under section 8432(a);

(B) shall be made over the period of time specified by the employee under paragraph (4)(B); and

(C) shall be in addition to any contributions then actually being made under section 8432(a).

(4) The Executive Director shall prescribe the time, form, and manner in which an employee may specify—

(A) the total amount such employee wishes to contribute under this subsection with respect to any particular period referred to in paragraph (2)(B); and

(B) the period of time over which the employee wishes to make contributions under this subsection.

The employing agency may place a maximum limit on the period of time referred to in subparagraph (B), which cannot be shorter than two times the period referred to in paragraph (2)(B) and not longer than four times such period.

(c)(1) If an employee makes contributions under subsection (b), the employing agency shall make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund on such employee's behalf—

(A) in the same manner as would be required under section 8432(c)(2) if the employee contributions were being made under section 8432(a); and

(B) disregarding any contributions then actually being made under section 8432(a) and any agency contributions relating thereto.

(2) An employee to whom this section applies is entitled to have contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund on such employee's behalf an amount equal to—

(A) the total contributions to which that individual would have been entitled under section 8432(c)(2), based on the amounts contributed by such individual under section 8440e (other than under subsection (d)(2) thereof) with respect to the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B), if those amounts had been contributed by such individual under section 8432(a); reduced by

(B) any contributions actually made on such employee's behalf under section 8432(c)(2) with respect to the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B).

(d) An employee to whom this section applies is entitled to have contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund on such employee's behalf an amount equal to—

(1) 1 percent of such employee's basic pay (as determined under subsection (e)) for the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B); reduced by

(2) any contributions actually made on such employee's behalf under section 8432(c)(1) with respect to the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B).

(e) For purposes of any computation under this section, an employee shall, with respect to the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B), be considered to have been paid at the rate which would have been payable over such period had such employee remained continuously employed in the position which such employee last held before separating or entering leave-without-pay status to perform military service.

(f)(1) The employing agency may be required to pay lost earnings on contributions made pursuant to subsections (c) and (d). Such earnings, if required, shall be calculated retroactively to the date the contribution would have been made had the employee not separated or entered leave without pay status to perform military service.

(2) Procedures for calculating and crediting the earnings payable pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by the Executive Director.

(g) Amounts paid under subsection (c), (d), or (f) shall be paid—

(1) by the agency to which the employee is restored or in which such employee is reemployed;

(2) from the same source as would be the case under section 8432(e) with respect to sums required under section 8432(c); and

(3) within the time prescribed by the Executive Director.

(h)(1) For purposes of section 8432(g), in the case of an employee to whom this section applies—

(A) a separation from civilian service in order to perform the military service on which the employee's restoration or reemployment rights are based shall be disregarded; and

(B) such employee shall be credited with a period of civilian service equal to the period referred to in subsection (b)(2)(B).

(2)(A) An employee to whom this section applies may elect, for purposes of subsection (d) or (f) of section 8433, as the case may be, to have such employee's separation (described in subsection (a)(1)) treated as if it had never occurred.

(B) An election under this paragraph shall be made within such period of time after restoration or reemployment (as the case may be) and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes.

(i) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 103–353, §4(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3170; amended Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(3)(A), (C), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 671; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §632(e)(2), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 847; Pub. L. 115–84, §2(e), Nov. 17, 2017, 131 Stat. 1273.)

**2017**—Subsec. (h)(2)(A). Pub. L. 115–84 substituted "subsection (d) or (f) of section 8433" for "section 8433(d), or paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8433(h)".

**2015**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 114–92 struck out "(including pursuant to an agreement under section 211(d) of title 37)" before "with respect to the period".

**1999**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(3)(A), inserted "or 8440e" after "section 8432(a)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(3)(C), designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1), and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 115–84, §2(g), Nov. 17, 2017, 131 Stat. 1273, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8433 of this title] shall take effect on the date on which the regulations prescribed under subsection (f) [section 2(f) of Pub. L. 115–84, set out as a Regulations note under section 8433 of this title] take effect [Sept. 15, 2019; see 84 F.R. 46419]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–92 effective Jan. 1, 2018, with certain implementation requirements, see section 635 of Pub. L. 114–92, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–65 effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed, see section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8440e of this title.

Pub. L. 103–353, §4(e), (f), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3172, 3173, provided that:

"(e)

"(1) shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1994]; and

"(2) shall apply to any employee whose release from military service, discharge from hospitalization, or other similar event making the individual eligible to seek restoration or reemployment under chapter 43 of title 38, United States Code, occurs on or after August 2, 1990.

"(f)

"(1) The employee shall be deemed not to have been reemployed or restored until—

"(A) the date of enactment of this Act, or

"(B) the first day following such employee's reemployment or restoration on which such employee is or was eligible to make an election relating to contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund,

whichever occurs or occurred first.

"(2) If the employee changed agencies during the period between the date of actual reemployment or restoration and the date of enactment of this Act, the employing agency as of such date of enactment shall be considered the reemploying or restoring agency.

"(3)(A) For purposes of any computation under section 8432b of such title, pay shall be determined in accordance with subsection (e) of such section, except that, with respect to the period described in subparagraph (B), actual pay attributable to such period shall be used.

"(B) The period described in this subparagraph is the period beginning on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date of the employee's actual reemployment or restoration and ending on the day before the date determined under paragraph (1).

"(4) Deem section 8432b(b)(2)(A) of such title to be amended by striking 'ending on the day before the date of restoration or reemployment (as applicable)' and inserting 'ending on the date determined under section 4(f)(1) of the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994'."

(a) In this section, the term "covered person" means any person who—

(1) transfers from a position of employment covered by chapter 83 or 84 or subchapter I or II of chapter 8 1 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 to a position of employment with an international organization pursuant to section 3582;

(2) pursuant to section 3582 elects to retain coverage, rights, and benefits under any system established by law for the retirement of persons during the period of employment with the international organization and currently deposits the necessary deductions in payment for such coverage, rights, and benefits in the system's fund; and

(3) is reemployed pursuant to section 3582(b) to a position covered by chapter 83 or 84 or subchapter I or II of chapter 8 1 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 after separation from the international organization.

(b)(1) Each covered person may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund, in accordance with this subsection, an amount not to exceed the amount described in paragraph (2).

(2) The maximum amount which a covered person may contribute under paragraph (1) is equal to—

(A) the total amount of all contributions under section 8351(b)(2) or 8432(a), as applicable, which the person would have made over the period beginning on the date of transfer of the person (as described in subsection (a)(1)) and ending on the day before the date of reemployment of the person (as described in subsection (a)(3)), minus

(B) the total amount of all contributions, if any, under section 8351(b)(2) or 8432(a), as applicable, actually made by the person over the period described in subparagraph (A).

(3) Contributions under paragraph (1)—

(A) shall be made at the same time and in the same manner as would any contributions under section 8351(b)(2) or 8432(a), as applicable;

(B) shall be made over the period of time specified by the person under paragraph (4)(B); and

(C) shall be in addition to any contributions actually being made by the person during that period under section 8351(b)(2) or 8432(a), as applicable.

(4) The Executive Director shall prescribe the time, form, and manner in which a covered person may specify—

(A) the total amount the person wishes to contribute with respect to any period described in paragraph (2)(A); and

(B) the period of time over which the covered person wishes to make contributions under this subsection.

(c) If a covered person who makes contributions under section 8432(a) makes contributions under subsection (b), the agency employing the person shall make those contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund on the person's behalf in the same manner as contributions are made for an employee described in section 8432b(a) under sections 8432b(c), 8432b(d), and 8432b(f). Amounts paid under this subsection shall be paid in the same manner as amounts are paid under section 8432b(g).

(d) For purposes of any computation under this section, a covered person shall, with respect to the period described in subsection (b)(2)(A), be considered to have been paid at the rate which would have been payable over such period had the person remained continuously employed in the position that the person last held before transferring to the international organization.

(e) For purposes of section 8432(g), a covered person shall be credited with a period of civilian service equal to the period beginning on the date of transfer of the person (as described in subsection (a)(1)) and ending on the day before the date of reemployment of the person (as described in subsection (a)(3)).

(f) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §334(a)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–440.)

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (3), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Subchapters I and II of chapter 8 of the Act probably mean subchapters I and II of chapter 8 of title I of the Act which are classified generally to parts I (§4041 et seq.) and II (§4071 et seq.), respectively, of subchapter VIII of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(7) [div. A, title III, §334(c)], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–441, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] shall apply to persons reemployed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 29, 1999]."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) the term "qualified Roth contribution program" means a program described in paragraph (1) of section 402A(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which meets the requirements of paragraph (2) of such section; and

(2) the terms "designated Roth contribution" and "elective deferral" have the meanings given such terms in section 402A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(b)

(c)

(1) provisions under which an election to make designated Roth contributions may be made—

(A) by any individual who is eligible to make contributions under section 8351, 8432(a), 8440a, 8440b, 8440c, 8440d, or 8440e; and

(B) by any individual, not described in subparagraph (A), who is otherwise eligible to make elective deferrals under the Thrift Savings Plan;

(2) any provisions which may, as a result of enactment of this section, be necessary in order to clarify the meaning of any reference to an "account" made in section 8432(f), 8433, 8434(d), 8435, 8437, or any other provision of law; and

(3) any other provisions which may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §103(a), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1853.)

Section 402A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a), is classified to section 402A of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

(a) An employee or Member who separates from Government employment is entitled to the amount of the balance in the employee's or Member's account (except for the portion of such amount forfeited under section 8432(g) of this title, if any) as provided in this section.

(b) Subject to section 8435 of this title, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment is entitled and may elect to withdraw from the Thrift Savings Fund the balance of the employee's or Member's account as—

(1) an annuity;

(2) a single payment;

(3) 2 or more substantially equal payments to be made not less frequently than annually; or

(4) any combination of payments as provided under paragraphs (1) through (3) as the Executive Director may prescribe by regulation.

(c)(1) In addition to the right provided under subsection (b) to withdraw the balance of the account, an employee or Member who separates from Government service may make one or more withdrawals of any amount in the same manner as a single payment is made in accordance with subsection (b)(2) from the employee's or Member's account.

(2) An employee or Member may request that the amount withdrawn from the Thrift Savings Fund in accordance with subsection (b)(2) be transferred to an eligible retirement plan.

(3) The Executive Director shall make each transfer elected under paragraph (2) directly to an eligible retirement plan or plans (as defined in section 402(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) identified by the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member for whom the transfer is made.

(4) A transfer may not be made for an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member under paragraph (2) until the Executive Director receives from that individual the information required by the Executive Director specifically to identify the eligible retirement plan or plans to which the transfer is to be made.

(5) Withdrawals under this subsection shall be subject to such other limitations or conditions as the Executive Director may prescribe by regulation.

(d)(1) Subject to paragraph (2) and subsections (a) and (c) of section 8435 of this title, an employee or Member may change an election previously made under this subchapter, except that in the case of an election to receive an annuity, a former employee or Member may not change an election under this section on or after the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity elected by the former employee or Member.

(2) A former employee or Member may not return a payment that was made pursuant to an election under this section.

(e)(1) If an employee or Member (or former employee or Member) dies without having made an election under this section or after having elected an annuity under this section but before making an election under section 8434 of this title, an amount equal to the value of that individual's account (as of death) shall, subject to any decree, order, or agreement referred to in section 8435(c)(2) of this title be paid in a manner consistent with section 8424(d) of this title.

(2) Notwithstanding section 8424(d), if an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member dies and has designated as sole or partial beneficiary his or her spouse at the time of death, or, if an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member, dies with no designated beneficiary and is survived by a spouse, the spouse may maintain the portion of the employee's or Member's account to which the spouse is entitled in accordance with the following terms:

(A) Subject to the limitations of subparagraph (B), the spouse shall have the same withdrawal options under subsection (b) as the employee or Member were the employee or Member living.

(B) The spouse may not make withdrawals under subsection (g) or (h).

(C) The spouse may not make contributions or transfers to the account.

(D) The account shall be disbursed upon the death of the surviving spouse. A beneficiary or surviving spouse of a deceased spouse who has inherited an account is ineligible to maintain the inherited spousal account.

(3) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection.

(f) Notwithstanding subsection (b), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment, and such employee's or Member's nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment, unless an election under section 8432b(h)(2) is made to treat such separation for purposes of this subsection as if it had never occurred.

(g)(1) At any time before separation, an employee or Member may apply to the Board for permission to borrow from the employee's or Member's account an amount not exceeding the value of that portion of such account which is attributable to contributions made by the employee or Member. Before a loan is issued, the Executive Director shall provide in writing the employee or Member with appropriate information concerning the cost of the loan relative to other sources of financing, as well as the lifetime cost of the loan, including the difference in interest rates between the funds offered by the Thrift Savings Fund, and any other effect of such loan on the employee's or Member's final account balance.

(2) Loans under this subsection shall be available to all employees and Members on a reasonably equivalent basis, and shall be subject to such other conditions as the Board may by regulation prescribe. The restrictions of section 8477(c)(1) of this title shall not apply to loans made under this subsection.

(3) A loan may not be made under this subsection to the extent that the loan would be treated as a taxable distribution under section 72(p) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(4) A loan may not be made under this subsection unless the requirements of section 8435(e) of this title are satisfied.

(h)(1) An employee or Member may apply, before separation, to the Board for permission to withdraw an amount from the employee's or Member's account based upon—

(A) the employee or Member having attained age 59½; or

(B) financial hardship.

(2) A withdrawal under paragraph (1)(B) shall be available only for an amount not exceeding the value of that portion of such account which is attributable to contributions made by the employee or Member.

(3) Withdrawals under paragraph (1) shall be subject to such other limitations or conditions as the Executive Director may prescribe by regulation.

(4) A withdrawal may not be made under this subsection unless the requirements of section 8435(e) of this title are satisfied.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 544; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §132, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 101–335, §§5(a), 6(a)(2), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 321, 322; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4437(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b), (i)(3)–(7), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 119, 121, 122; Pub. L. 103–353, §§4(b), 5(e)(4), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3172, 3174; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–374; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(4), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 108–469, §3(1), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3893; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §109, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1856; Pub. L. 115–84, §2(a)–(d), Nov. 17, 2017, 131 Stat. 1272, 1273.)

Sections 72(p) and 402(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (c)(3) and (g)(3), are classified to sections 72(p) and 402(c)(8), respectively, of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2017**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(a)(1), substituted "may make one or more withdrawals" for "and who has not made a withdrawal under subsection (h)(1)(A) may make one withdrawal" and "in the same manner as a single payment is made" for "as a single payment".

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(a)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(b)(1), inserted ", except that in the case of an election to receive an annuity, a former employee or Member may not change an election under this section on or after the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity elected by the former employee or Member" after "this subchapter".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(b)(2), substituted "return a payment that was made pursuant to an" for "change an" and struck out before period at end "on or after the date on which a payment is made in accordance with such election or, in the case of an election to receive an annuity, the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity elected by the former employee or Member".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(c), struck out par. (1) designation before "Notwithstanding", substituted "this subsection" for "this paragraph", and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: "Unless otherwise elected under this section, and subject to paragraph (1), benefits under this subchapter shall be paid as an annuity commencing for an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member on April 1 of the year following the latest of the year in which—

"(A) the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member becomes 70½ years of age; or

"(B) the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member separates from Government employment."

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(d)(1), (2), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "A withdrawal under paragraph (1)(A) shall be available to each eligible participant one time only."

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(d)(2), (3), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and inserted "limitations or" before "conditions". Former par. (3) redesignated (2).

Subsec. (h)(4), (5). Pub. L. 115–84, §2(d)(2), redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (3) and (4), respectively.

**2009**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 111–31 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added pars. (2) and (3).

**2004**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "paragraph (2)" for "paragraph (3)".

**1999**—Subsecs. (g)(1), (h)(3). Pub. L. 106–65 struck out "under section 8432(a) of this title" after "by the employee or Member".

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(1)]], added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "Subject to section 8435 of this title, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment is entitled and may elect—

"(1) to receive an immediate annuity from the Thrift Savings Fund;

"(2) to defer the commencement of the payment of an annuity from the Thrift Savings Fund until such date as the employee or Member specifies, but not later than April 1 of the year following the year in which the employee or Member becomes 70½ years of age;

"(3) to withdraw the amount of the balance in the employee's or Member's account in the Thrift Savings Fund in one or more substantially equal payments to be made not less frequently than annually and to commence before April 1 of the year following the year in which the employee or Member becomes 70½ years of age; or

"(4) to transfer the amount of the balance in the employee's or Member's account to an eligible retirement plan as provided in subsection (c)."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(1)]], added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(1) The Executive Director shall make each transfer elected under subsection (b)(4) directly to an eligible retirement plan or plans (as defined in section 402(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) identified by the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member for whom the transfer is made.

"(2) A transfer may not be made for an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member under paragraph (1) until the Executive Director receives from that individual the information required by the Executive Director specifically to identify the eligible retirement plan or plans to which the transfer is to be made."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(2)(A)]], substituted "(3)" for "(3)(A)" after "Subject to paragraph".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(2)(C)]], struck out subpar. (A) designation before "A former employee" and struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: "A modification of a date may not be made under paragraph (2) on or after the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity involved, and may not specify a date for the commencement of an annuity earlier than 90 days after the date on which the modification is submitted to the Executive Director (or such period shorter than 90 days as the Executive Director may by regulation prescribe)."

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(2)(B)]], redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "Subject to paragraph (3)(B) and section 8435(c) of this title, a former employee or Member who has made an election pursuant to subsection (b)(2) may modify the date specified in such election or in a previous modification under this paragraph."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(2)(B)]], redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(3)]], substituted "less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation" for "$3,500 or less" and substituted a comma for "unless the employee or Member elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under subsection (b), or".

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(4)]], in introductory provisions substituted "April 1" for "February 1", in subpar. (A) substituted "70½" for "65" and inserted "or" after semicolon, redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "occurs the tenth anniversary of the year in which the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member became subject to this subchapter; or".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(5)(A)]], struck out "after December 31, 1987, and" after "At any time", and inserted at end "Before a loan is issued, the Executive Director shall provide in writing the employee or Member with appropriate information concerning the cost of the loan relative to other sources of financing, as well as the lifetime cost of the loan, including the difference in interest rates between the funds offered by the Thrift Savings Fund, and any other effect of such loan on the employee's or Member's final account balance."

Subsec. (g)(2) to (5). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(5)(B)]], redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (2) to (4), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "An application under this subsection may be approved only for—

"(A) the purchase of a primary residence;

"(B) educational expenses;

"(C) medical expenses; or

"(D) financial hardship."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(a)(6)]], added subsec. (h).

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(1), amended introductory provisions generally, substituting "Subject to section 8435 of this title, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment is entitled and may elect—" for "Subject to section 8435 of this title, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment entitled to an immediate annuity under subchapter II of this chapter, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment entitled to benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, any employee who separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force, and any employee or Member who is entitled to receive disability benefits under subchapter V of this chapter is entitled and may elect—".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(3), substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (e)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to permissible elections by employees separating from Government who are entitled to a deferred annuity.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(3), substituted "directly to an eligible retirement plan or plans (as defined in section 402(c)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986)" for "or (c)(4) or required under subsection (d) directly to an eligible retirement plan or plans (as defined in section 402(a)(5)(E) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954)".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–353, §4(b)(1), inserted before period at end ", unless an election under section 8432b(h)(2) is made to treat such separation for purposes of this subsection as if it had never occurred".

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: "Subject to section 8435 of this title, any employee or Member who separates from Government employment before becoming entitled to a deferred annuity under subchapter II of this chapter shall transfer the amount of the balance in the employee's or Member's account to an eligible retirement plan as provided in subsection (e), unless an election under section 8432b(h)(2) is made to treat such separation for purposes of this subsection as if it had never occurred."

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(4), substituted "(c) of section 8435" for "(d) of section 8435".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(4), (i)(5), substituted "section 8435(c)" for "section 8435(d)" and struck out "or (c)(2)" after "subsection (b)(2)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), (i)(6), redesignated subsec. (g) as (e) and substituted "section 8435(c)(2)" for "section 8435(d)(2)". Former subsec. (e) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (h) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(5)(A), (B), redesignated par. (2) as (1), substituted "Notwithstanding subsection (b), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment, and such employee's or Member's" for "Notwithstanding subsections (b) and (c), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment under circumstances making such employee or Member eligible to make an election under either of those subsections, and such employee's or Member's", struck out "or (c), as applicable" before period at end, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding subsection (d), if an employee or Member separates from Government employment before becoming entitled to a deferred annuity under subchapter II, and such employee's or Member's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the employee or Member elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in subsection (e), or unless an election under section 8432b(h)(2) is made to treat such separation for purposes of this paragraph as if it had never occurred."

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(5)(A), (C), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and substituted "paragraph (1)" for "paragraphs (1) and (2)" before ", benefits under this chapter". Former par. (2) redesignated (1).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(5)(A), redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(7), substituted "section 8435(e)" for "section 8435(f)".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (h) as (f).

Subsec. (h)(1), (2). Pub. L. 103–353, §4(b)(2), inserted before period at end ", or unless an election under section 8432b(h)(2) is made to treat such separation for purposes of this paragraph as if it had never occurred".

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) as (g).

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 103–353, §5(e)(4), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–484 inserted "any employee who separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force," after "chapter 81 of this title,".

**1990**—Subsec. (f)(3)(A). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(a)(1), substituted "an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity elected by the former employee or Member" for "an annuity elected by the former employee or Member commences".

Subsec. (f)(3)(B). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(a)(2), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "A modification of a date may not be made under paragraph (2) on or after such date and may not specify a date for the commencement of an annuity earlier than 1 month after the date on which the modification is submitted to the Executive Director."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(a)(2), amended subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (h) read as follows: "Unless otherwise elected under this section, benefits under this subchapter shall be paid as an annuity commencing for an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member on February 1 of the year following the latest of the year in which—

"(1) the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member becomes 65 years of age;

"(2) occurs the tenth anniversary of the year in which the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member became subject to this subchapter; or

"(3) the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member separates from Government employment."

**1988**—Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 100–238 amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: "Loans under this subsection shall be subject to such conditions as the Board may prescribe consistent with section 408(b)(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1108(b)(1)). The conditions shall be included in regulations issued by the Executive Director."

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–84 effective on the date on which the regulations prescribed under subsection (f) (section 2(f) of Pub. L. 115–84, set out as a Regulations note below) take effect, see section 2(g) of Pub. L. 115–84, set out as a note under section 8432b of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–65 effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed, see section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8440e of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by section 4(b) of Pub. L. 103–353 effective Oct. 13, 1994, and applicable to any employee whose release from military service, discharge from hospitalization, or other similar event making the individual eligible to seek restoration or reemployment under chapter 43 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits, occurs on or after Aug. 2, 1990, with special rules for applying amendment to employees restored or reemployed before effective date, see section 4(e), (f) of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8432b of this title.

Amendment by section 5(e)(4) of Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–484 applicable with respect to separations occurring after Dec. 31, 1993, or such earlier date as Executive Director (appointed under section 8474 of this title) may by regulation prescribe, see section 4437(d) of Pub. L. 102–484, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–335, §5(d), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 322, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8434, and 8435 of this title] shall be effective as of April 1, 1987."

Amendment by section 6(a)(2) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 115–84, §2(f), Nov. 17, 2017, 131 Stat. 1273, provided that: "As soon as is practicable, as determined by the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, but not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 17, 2017], the Executive Director shall prescribe such regulations as are necessary to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8432b of this title]."

[Regulations referred to by section 2(f) of Pub. L. 115–84, set out above, effective Sept. 15, 2019; see section 2(g) of Pub. L. 115–84, set out as an Effective Date of 2017 Amendment note under section 8432b of this title.]

Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(4), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 324, provided that: "The Executive Director (as appointed under section 8474(a) of title 5, United States Code) shall prescribe regulations under which the purposes of the amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 8351, 8401, 8435, 8440a, and 8440b of this title] shall be carried out with respect to any individuals participating in the Thrift Savings Plan who would not otherwise be affected by this section."

Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §203(b)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–376, provided that: "Any election made under section 8433(b)(2) of title 5, United States Code (as in effect before the effective date of this title [Sept. 30, 1996]), with respect to an annuity which has not commenced before the implementation date of this title as provided by regulation by the Executive Director in accordance with section 207 of this title [5 U.S.C. 5545a note], shall be invalid."

(a)(1) The Board shall prescribe methods of payment of annuities under this subchapter.

(2) The methods of payment prescribed under paragraph (1) shall include, but not be limited to—

(A) a method which provides for the payment of a monthly annuity only to an annuitant during the life of the annuitant;

(B) a method which provides for the payment of a monthly annuity to an annuitant for the joint lives of the annuitant and the spouse of the annuitant and an appropriate monthly annuity to the one of them who survives the other of them for the life of the survivor;

(C) a method described in subparagraph (A) which provides for automatic adjustments in the amount of the annuity payable so long as the amount of the annuity payable in any one year shall not be less than the amount payable in the previous year;

(D) a method described in subparagraph (B) which provides for automatic adjustments in the amount of the annuity payable so long as the amount of the annuity payable in any one year shall not be less than the amount payable in the previous year; and

(E) a method which provides for the payment of a monthly annuity—

(i) to the annuitant for the joint lives of the annuitant and an individual who is designated by the annuitant under regulations prescribed by the Executive Director and (I) is a former spouse of the annuitant, or (II) has an insurable interest in the annuitant; and

(ii) to the one of them who survives the other of them for the life of the survivor.

(b) Subject to section 8435(b) of this title, under such regulations as the Executive Director shall prescribe, an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who elects under section 8433 of this title to receive an annuity under this subchapter shall elect, on or before the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for that annuity, one of the methods of payment prescribed under subsection (a).

(c) Notwithstanding the elimination of a method of payment by the Board, an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member may elect the eliminated method if the elimination of such method becomes effective less than 5 years before the date on which that individual's annuity commences.

(d)(1) Not earlier than 90 days (or such shorter period as the Executive Director may by regulation prescribe) before an annuity is to commence under this subchapter, the Executive Director shall expend the balance in the annuitant's account to purchase an annuity contract from any entity which, in the normal course of its business, sells and provides annuities.

(2) The Executive Director shall assure, by contract entered into with each entity from which an annuity contract is purchased under paragraph (1), that the annuity shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII of this chapter.

(3) An annuity contract purchased under paragraph (1) shall include such terms and conditions as the Executive Director requires for the protection of the annuitant.

(4) The Executive Director shall require, from each entity from which an annuity contract is purchased under paragraph (1), a bond or proof of financial responsibility sufficient to protect the annuitant.

(e)(1) No tax, fee, or other monetary payment may be imposed or collected by any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or by any political subdivision or other governmental authority thereof, on, or with respect to, any amount paid to purchase an annuity contract under this section.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to exempt any company or other entity issuing an annuity contract under this section from the imposition, payment, or collection of a tax, fee, or other monetary payment on the net income or profit accruing to or realized by that entity from the sale of an annuity contract under this section if that tax, fee, or payment is applicable to a broad range of business activity.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 546; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §129, Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1759; Pub. L. 101–335, §§4(a), 5(b), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 321; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(c), (i)(8), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 120, 122.)

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(8), substituted "section 8435(b)" for "section 8435(c)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: "Notwithstanding an elimination of a method of payment by the Board—

"(1) an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who is entitled under section 8412 of this title to an immediate annuity not reduced under section 8415(f) of this title may elect the eliminated method if the elimination of such method became effective less than 5 years before the date on which the annuity commences; and

"(2) any other employee, Member, former employee, or former Member may elect such method of payment for amounts contributed by or on behalf of the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member under section 8432 of this title before such effective date and for earnings attributable to such amounts."

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(b)(1), substituted "an annuity contract is purchased to provide for that annuity," for "the annuity commences,".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(b)(2), substituted "Not earlier than 90 days (or such shorter period as the Executive Director may by regulation prescribe) before an annuity" for "At the time an annuity".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–335, §4(a), added subsec. (e).

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(2)(C), (D). Pub. L. 100–238 amended subpars. (C) and (D) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (C) and (D) read as follows:

"(C) a method described in subparagraph (A) which provides annual increases in the amount of the annuity payable;

"(D) a method described in subparagraph (B) which provides annual increases in the amount of the annuity payable; and".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 101–335, §4(b), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 321, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990]."

Amendment by section 5(b) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective Apr. 1, 1987, see section 5(d) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8433 of this title.

(a)(1)(A) A married employee or Member (or former employee or Member) may withdraw all or part of a Thrift Savings Fund account under subsection (b)(2), (3), or (4) of section 8433 of this title or change a withdrawal election only if the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) satisfies the requirements of subparagraph (B). A married employee or Member (or former employee or Member) may make a withdrawal from a Thrift Savings Fund account under subsection (c)(1) of section 8433 of this title only if the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) satisfies the requirements of subparagraph (B).

(B) An employee or Member (or former employee or Member) may make an election or change referred to in subparagraph (A) if the employee or Member and the employee's or Member's spouse (or the former employee or Member and the former employee's or Member's spouse) jointly waive, by written election, any right which the spouse may have to a survivor annuity with respect to such employee or Member (or former employee or Member) under section 8434 of this title or subsection (b).

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an election or change of election by an employee or Member (or former employee or Member) who establishes to the satisfaction of the Executive Director (at the time of the election or change and in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director)—

(A) that the spouse's whereabouts cannot be determined; or

(B) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requiring the spouse's waiver would otherwise be inappropriate.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding any election under subsection (b) of section 8434 of this title, the method described in subsection (a)(2)(B) of such section (or, if more than one form of such method is available, the form which the Board determines to be the one which provides for a surviving spouse a survivor annuity most closely approximating the annuity of a surviving spouse under section 8442 of this title) shall be deemed the applicable method under such subsection (b) in the case of an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who is married on the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the employee's, Member's, former employee's, or former Member's annuity under this subchapter.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply if—

(A) a joint waiver of such method is made, in writing, by the employee or Member and the spouse; or

(B) the employee or Member waives such method, in writing, after establishing to the satisfaction of the Executive Director that circumstances described under subsection (a)(2)(A) or (B) make the requirement of a joint waiver inappropriate.

(c)(1) An election or change of election shall not be effective under this subchapter to the extent that the election, change, or transfer conflicts with any court decree, order, or agreement described in paragraph (2).

(2) A court decree, order, or agreement referred to in paragraph (1) is, with respect to an employee or Member (or former employee or Member), a court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation issued in the case of such employee or Member (or former employee or Member) and any former spouse of the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) or any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to such decree if—

(A) the decree, order, or agreement expressly relates to any portion of the balance in the employee's or Member's (or former employee's or Member's) account; and

(B) notice of the decree, order, or agreement was received by the Executive Director before—

(i) the date on which payment is made, or

(ii) in the case of an annuity, the date on which an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity,

in accordance with the election, change, or contribution referred to in paragraph (1).

(3) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations under which this subsection shall be applied in any case in which the Executive Director receives two or more decrees, orders, or agreements referred to in paragraph (1).

(d)(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) through (7), a former spouse of a deceased employee or Member (or a deceased former employee or Member) who died after performing 18 or more months of service and a former spouse of a deceased former employee or Member who died entitled to an immediate or deferred annuity under subchapter II of this chapter is entitled to a survivor annuity under this subsection if and to the extent that—

(A) an election under section 8434(a)(2)(E) of this title, or

(B) any court decree, order, or agreement (described in subsection (c)(2), without regard to subparagraph (B) of such subsection) which relates to such deceased individual and such former spouse,

expressly provides for such survivor annuity.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall apply only to payments made by the Executive Director after the date on which the Executive Director receives written notice of the election, decree, order, or agreement, and such additional information and documentation as the Executive Director may require.

(3) The amount of the survivor annuity payable from the Thrift Savings Fund to a former spouse of a deceased employee, Member, former employee, or former Member under this section may not exceed the excess, if any, of—

(A) the amount of the survivor annuity determined for a surviving spouse of the deceased employee, Member, former employee, or former Member under the method described in subsection (b)(1), over

(B) the total amount of all other survivor annuities payable under this subchapter to other former spouses of such deceased employee, Member, former employee, or former Member based on the order of precedence provided in paragraph (4).

(4) If more than one former spouse of a deceased employee, Member, former employee, or former Member is entitled to a survivor annuity pursuant to this subsection, the amount of each such survivor annuity shall be limited appropriately to carry out paragraph (3) in the order of precedence established for the entitlements by the chronological order of the dates on which elections are properly made pursuant to section 8434(a)(2)(E) of this title and the dates on which the court decrees, orders, or agreements applicable to the entitlement were issued, as the case may be.

(5) Subsections (c) and (d) of section 8445 of this title shall apply to an entitlement of a former spouse to a survivor annuity under this subsection.

(6) For the purposes of this section, a court decree, order, or agreement or an election referred to in subsection (a) of this section shall not be effective, in the case of a former spouse, to the extent that the election is inconsistent with any joint waiver previously executed with respect to such former spouse under subsection (a)(2) or (b)(2).

(7) Any payment under this subsection to any individual bars recovery by any other individual.

(e)(1)(A) A loan or withdrawal may be made to a married employee or Member under section 8433(g) and (h) of this title only if the employee's or Member's spouse consents to such loan or withdrawal in writing.

(B) A consent under subparagraph (A) shall be irrevocable with respect to the loan or withdrawal to which the consent relates.

(C) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to a loan or withdrawal to an employee or Member who establishes to the satisfaction of the Executive Director (at the time the employee or Member applies for such loan or withdrawal and in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director)—

(i) that the spouse's whereabouts cannot be determined; or

(ii) that, due to exceptional circumstances, requiring the employee or Member to seek the spouse's consent would otherwise be inappropriate.

(2) An application for a loan or withdrawal under section 8433(g) and (h) of this title shall not be approved if approval would have the result described under subsection (c)(1).

(f) Waivers and notifications required by this section and waivers of the requirements for such waivers and notifications (as authorized by this section) may be made only in accordance with procedures prescribed by the Executive Director.

(g) Except with respect to the making of loans or withdrawals under section 8433(g) and (h), none of the provisions of this section requiring notification to, or the consent or waiver of, a spouse or former spouse of an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member shall apply in any case in which the nonforfeitable account balance of the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member is $3,500 or less.

(h) The protections provided by this section are in addition to the protections provided by section 8467 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 547; amended Pub. L. 101–335, §§5(c), 6(a)(3), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 322, 323; Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4437(b), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2724; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d), (i)(9)–(15), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 120, 122; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–376.)

**1996**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(1)]], substituted "may withdraw all or part of a Thrift Savings Fund account under subsection (b)(2), (3), or (4) of section 8433 of this title or change a withdrawal election" for "may make an election under subsection (b)(3) or (b)(4) of section 8433 of this title or change an election previously made under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2) of such section" and inserted at end "A married employee or Member (or former employee or Member) may make a withdrawal from a Thrift Savings Fund account under subsection (c)(1) of section 8433 of this title only if the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) satisfies the requirements of subparagraph (B)."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(2)(A)]], substituted "An election or change of election" for "An election, change of election, or modification of the commencement date of a deferred annuity" and "or transfer" for "modification, or transfer".

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(2)(B)]], struck out "modification," after "change," in closing provisions.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(3)(A)]], in subpar. (A) inserted "or withdrawal" after "A loan", "and (h)" after "8433(g)", and "or withdrawal" after "such loan", in subpar. (B) inserted "or withdrawal" after "loan", and in subpar. (C) inserted "or withdrawal" after "to a loan" and after "for such loan".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(3)(B)(i)]], inserted "or withdrawal" after "loan".

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(3)(B)(ii)]], which directed insertion of "and (h)" after "8344(g)", was executed by making the insertion after "8433(g)" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(4)(A)]], inserted "or withdrawals" after "loans".

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §204(4)(B)]], which directed insertion of "and (h)" after "8344(g)" was executed by making the insertion after "8433(g)" to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(1), substituted "subsection (b)(3) or (b)(4) of section 8433 of this title or change an election previously made under subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2)" for "subsection (b)(3), (b)(4), (c)(3), or (c)(4) of section 8433 of this title or change an election previously made under subsection (b)(1), (b)(2), (c)(1), or (c)(2)".

Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(9), substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (c)".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(4), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "Paragraph (1) shall not apply—

"(A) in the case of an employee or Member retiring under section 8412, 8413, 8414, or 8451 of this title, or who separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force, if—

"(i) a joint waiver of such method is made, in writing, by the employee or Member and the spouse; or

"(ii) the employee or Member waives such method, in writing, after establishing to the satisfaction of the Executive Director that circumstances described in subsection (a)(2)(A) or (a)(2)(B) make the requirement of a joint waiver inappropriate; or

"(B) in the case of an employee or Member not covered by subparagraph (A), if the employee or Member waives such method after—

"(i) having provided notification to the spouse of intent to waive; or

"(ii) establishing to the satisfaction of the Executive Director that the whereabouts of such spouse cannot be determined."

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), a transfer may be made by an employee or Member (or former employee or Member) under section 8433(d) of this title only after the Executive Director notifies any current spouse and each former spouse of the employee or Member (or former employee or Member), if any, that the transfer is to be made.

"(2) Paragraph (1) may be waived with respect to a spouse or former spouse if the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) establishes to the satisfaction of the Executive Director that the whereabouts of such spouse or former spouse cannot be determined."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), (5), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and, in par. (1), struck out "and a transfer may not be made under section 8433(d) of this title" after "effective under this subchapter". Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(10), substituted "subsection (c)(2)" for "subsection (d)(2)".

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(11), substituted "subsection (b)(1)" for "subsection (c)(1)".

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(12), substituted "or (b)(2)" for "or (c)(2)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(13), substituted "section 8433(g)" for "section 8433(i)".

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(14), substituted "section 8433(g) of this title shall not be approved if approval would have the result described under subsection (c)(1)" for "section 8433(i) of this title shall not be approved if approval would have the result described in subsection (d)(1)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), (i)(15), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and substituted "section 8433(g)" for "section 8433(i)". Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(d)(3), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–484 inserted ", or who separates from Government employment pursuant to regulations under section 3502(a) of this title or procedures under section 3595(a) of this title in a reduction in force," after "8451 of this title".

**1990**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(c)(1), inserted "an annuity contract is purchased to provide for" after "the date on which" and struck out "commences" after "former Member's annuity".

Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 101–335, §5(c)(2), substituted "an annuity contract is purchased to provide for the annuity" for "the annuity commences".

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(a)(3), added subsec. (h) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i).

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–484 applicable with respect to separations occurring after Dec. 31, 1993, or such earlier date as Executive Director (appointed under section 8474 of this title) may by regulation prescribe, see section 4437(d) of Pub. L. 102–484, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 5(c) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective Apr. 1, 1987, see section 5(d) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8433 of this title.

Amendment by section 6(a)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

(a) The Executive Director shall make or provide for payments and transfers in accordance with an election of an employee or Member under section 8433 or 8434(b) of this title or, if applicable, in accordance with section 8435 of this title.

(b) Any election, change of election, or modification of a deferred annuity commencement date made under this subchapter shall be in writing and shall be filed with the Executive Director in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 550.)

(a) There is established in the Treasury of the United States a Thrift Savings Fund.

(b) The Thrift Savings Fund consists of the sum of all amounts contributed under section 8432 of this title and all amounts deposited under section 8479(b) of this title, increased by the total net earnings from investments of sums in the Thrift Savings Fund or reduced by the total net losses from investments of the Thrift Savings Fund, and reduced by the total amount of payments made from the Thrift Savings Fund (including payments for administrative expenses).

(c) The sums in the Thrift Savings Fund are appropriated and shall remain available without fiscal year limitation—

(1) to invest under section 8438 of this title;

(2) to pay benefits or purchase annuity contracts under this subchapter;

(3) to pay the administrative expenses of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Management System prescribed in subchapter VII of this chapter;

(4) to make distributions for the purposes of section 8440(b) of this title;

(5) to make loans to employees and Members as authorized under section 8433(g) of this title; and

(6) to purchase insurance as provided in section 8479(b)(2) of this title.

(d) Administrative expenses incurred to carry out this subchapter and subchapter VII of this chapter shall be paid first out of any sums in the Thrift Savings Fund forfeited under section 8432(g) of this title and then out of net earnings in such Fund.

(e)(1) Subject to subsection (d) and paragraphs (2) and (3), sums in the Thrift Savings Fund credited to the account of an employee, Member, former employee, or former Member may not be used for, or diverted to, purposes other than for the exclusive benefit of the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member or his beneficiaries under this subchapter.

(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3), sums in the Thrift Savings Fund may not be assigned or alienated and are not subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment, or other legal process. For the purposes of this paragraph, a loan made from such Fund to an employee or Member shall not be considered to be an assignment or alienation.

(3) Moneys due or payable from the Thrift Savings Fund to any individual and, in the case of an individual who is an employee or Member (or former employee or Member), the balance in the account of the employee or Member (or former employee or Member) shall be subject to legal process for the enforcement of the individual's legal obligations to provide child support or make alimony payments as provided in section 459 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 659), the enforcement of an order for restitution under section 3663A of title 18, forfeiture under section 8432(g)(5) of this title, an obligation of the Executive Director to make a transfer under section 415(d)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1415(d)(3)), or an obligation of the Executive Director to make a payment to another person under section 8467 of this title, and shall be subject to a Federal tax levy under section 6331 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. For the purposes of this paragraph, an amount contributed for the benefit of an individual under section 8432(c)(1) (including any earnings attributable thereto) shall not be considered part of the balance in such individual's account unless such amount is nonforfeitable, as determined under applicable provisions of section 8432(g).

(f) The sums in the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be appropriated for any purpose other than the purposes specified in this section and may not be used for any other purpose.

(g) All sums contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund by an employee or Member or by an employing agency for the benefit of such employee or Member and all net earnings in such Fund attributable to investment of such sums are held in such Fund in trust for such employee or Member.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 550; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §§116, 117(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(16), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 103–358, §2(b)(4), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3421; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §108, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1856; Pub. L. 112–267, §1, Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2440; Pub. L. 115–397, title I, §111(b), Dec. 21, 2018, 132 Stat. 5311.)

Section 6331 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is classified to section 6331 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2018**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 115–397 inserted "an obligation of the Executive Director to make a transfer under section 415(d)(3) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1415(d)(3))," before "or an obligation".

**2013**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 112–267, in first sentence, substituted "659)," for "659)" and inserted ", and shall be subject to a Federal tax levy under section 6331 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986" before period.

**2009**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 111–31 which directed substitution of "the enforcement of an order for restitution under section 3663A of title 18, forfeiture under section 8432(g)(5) of this title, or an obligation of the Executive Director to make a payment to another person under section 8467 of this title" for "or relating to the enforcement of a judgment for the physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child as provided under section 8467(a)" in the first sentence, was executed by making the substitution for "or relating to the enforcement of a judgment for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child as provided under section 8467(a)", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1994**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 103–226 substituted "section 8433(g)" for "section 8433(i)".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 103–358 substituted "or relating to the enforcement of a judgment for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child as provided under section 8467(a)." for period at end of first sentence.

**1988**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238, §117(a)(1), struck out "attributable to sums contributed to such Fund under section 8432(c) of this title" after "such Fund".

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, §117(a)(2), inserted "subsection (d) and" after "Subject to".

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 100–238, §116, inserted at end "For the purposes of this paragraph, an amount contributed for the benefit of an individual under section 8432(c)(1) (including any earnings attributable thereto) shall not be considered part of the balance in such individual's account unless such amount is nonforfeitable, as determined under applicable provisions of section 8432(g)."

Amendment by Pub. L. 115–397 applicable with respect to claims made on or after Dec. 21, 2018, see section 111(c) of Pub. L. 115–397, set out as a note under section 1415 of Title 2, The Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–358 effective Oct. 14, 1994, and applicable with respect to any decree, order, or other legal process, or notice of agreement received by Office of Personnel Management or Executive Director of Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board on or after Oct. 14, 1994, see section 3 of Pub. L. 103–358, set out as a note under section 8345 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §117(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1751, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 8, 1988]."

Pub. L. 112–267, §2, Jan. 14, 2013, 126 Stat. 2440, provided that: "Any potential revenue gain attributable to the enactment of this Act [amending this section], as determined by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office—

"(1) shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States; and

"(2) shall be used solely for purposes of deficit reduction."

(a) For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "Common Stock Index Investment Fund" means the Common Stock Index Investment Fund established under subsection (b)(1)(C);

(2) the term "equity capital" means common and preferred stock, surplus, undivided profits, contingency reserves, and other capital reserves;

(3) the term "Fixed Income Investment Fund" means the Fixed Income Investment Fund established under subsection (b)(1)(B);

(4) the term "Government Securities Investment Fund" means the Government Securities Investment Fund established under subsection (b)(1)(A);

(5) the term "International Stock Index Investment Fund" means the International Stock Index Investment Fund established under subsection (b)(1)(E);

(6) the term "net worth" means capital, paid-in and contributed surplus, unassigned surplus, contingency reserves, group contingency reserves, and special reserves;

(7) the term "plan" means an employee benefit plan, as defined in section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002(3));

(8) the term "qualified professional asset manager" means—

(A) a bank, as defined in section 202(a)(2) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80b–2(a)(2)) which—

(i) has the power to manage, acquire, or dispose of assets of a plan; and

(ii) has, as of the last day of its latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this clause, equity capital in excess of $1,000,000;

(B) a savings and loan association, the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which—

(i) has applied for and been granted trust powers to manage, acquire, or dispose of assets of a plan by a State or Government authority having supervision over savings and loan associations; and

(ii) has, as of the last day of its latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this clause, equity capital or net worth in excess of $1,000,000;

(C) an insurance company which—

(i) is qualified under the laws of more than one State to manage, acquire, or dispose of any assets of a plan;

(ii) has, as of the last day of its latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this clause, net worth in excess of $1,000,000; and

(iii) is subject to supervision and examination by a State authority having supervision over insurance companies; or

(D) an investment adviser registered under section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80b–3) if the investment adviser has, on the last day of its latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this subparagraph, total client assets under its management and control in excess of $50,000,000, and—

(i) the investment adviser has, on such day, shareholder's or partner's equity in excess of $750,000; or

(ii) payment of all of the investment adviser's liabilities, including any liabilities which may arise by reason of a breach or violation of a duty described in section 8477 of this title, is unconditionally guaranteed by—

(I) a person (as defined in section 8471(4) of this title) who directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the investment adviser and who has, on the last day of the person's latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this clause, shareholder's or partner's equity in an amount which, when added to the amount of the shareholder's or partner's equity of the investment adviser on such day, exceeds $750,000;

(II) a qualified professional asset manager described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C); or

(III) a broker or dealer registered under section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78o) that has, on the last day of the broker's or dealer's latest fiscal year ending before the date of a determination for the purpose of this clause, net worth in excess of $750,000;

(9) the term "shareholder's or partner's equity", as used in paragraph (8)(D) with respect to an investment adviser or a person (as defined in section 8471(4) of this title) who is affiliated with the investment adviser in a manner described in clause (ii)(I) of such paragraph (8)(D), means the equity shown in the most recent balance sheet prepared for such investment adviser or affiliated person, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, within 2 years before the date on which the investment adviser's status as a qualified professional asset manager is determined for the purposes of this section; and

(10) the term "Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund" means the Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund established under subsection (b)(1)(D).

(b)(1) The Board shall establish—

(A) a Government Securities Investment Fund under which sums in the Thrift Savings Fund are invested in securities of the United States Government issued as provided in subsection (e);

(B) a Fixed Income Investment Fund under which sums in the Thrift Savings Fund are invested in—

(i) insurance contracts;

(ii) certificates of deposits; or

(iii) other instruments or obligations selected by qualified professional asset managers,

which return the amount invested and pay interest, at a specified rate or rates, on that amount during a specified period of time;

(C) a Common Stock Index Investment Fund as provided in paragraph (2);

(D) a Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund as provided in paragraph (3);

(E) an International Stock Index Investment Fund as provided in paragraph (4); and

(F) a service that enables participants to invest in mutual funds, if the Board authorizes the mutual fund window under paragraph (5).

(2)(A) The Board shall select an index which is a commonly recognized index comprised of common stock the aggregate market value of which is a reasonably complete representation of the United States equity markets.

(B) The Common Stock Index Investment Fund shall be invested in a portfolio designed to replicate the performance of the index selected under subparagraph (A). The portfolio shall be designed such that, to the extent practicable, the percentage of the Common Stock Index Investment Fund that is invested in each stock is the same as the percentage determined by dividing the aggregate market value of all shares of that stock by the aggregate market value of all shares of all stocks included in such index.

(3)(A) The Board shall select an index which is a commonly recognized index comprised of common stock the aggregate market value of which represents the United States equity markets excluding the common stocks included in the Common Stock Index Investment Fund.

(B) The Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund shall be invested in a portfolio designed to replicate the performance of the index in subparagraph (A). The portfolio shall be designed such that, to the extent practicable, the percentage of the Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund that is invested in each stock is the same as the percentage determined by dividing the aggregate market value of all shares of that stock by the aggregate market value of all shares of all stocks included in such index.

(4)(A) The Board shall select an index which is a commonly recognized index comprised of stock the aggregate market value of which is a reasonably complete representation of the international equity markets excluding the United States equity markets.

(B) The International Stock Index Investment Fund shall be invested in a portfolio designed to replicate the performance of the index in subparagraph (A). The portfolio shall be designed such that, to the extent practicable, the percentage of the International Stock Index Investment Fund that is invested in each stock is the same as the percentage determined by dividing the aggregate market value of all shares of that stock by the aggregate market value of all shares of all stocks included in such index.

(5)(A) The Board may authorize the addition of a mutual fund window under the Thrift Savings Plan if the Board determines that such addition would be in the best interests of participants.

(B) The Board shall ensure that any expenses charged for use of the mutual fund window are borne solely by the participants who use such window.

(C) The Board may establish such other terms and conditions for the mutual fund window as the Board considers appropriate to protect the interests of participants, including requirements relating to risk disclosure.

(D) The Board shall consult with the Employee Thrift Advisory Council (established under section 8473) before authorizing the addition of a mutual fund window or establishing a service that enables participants to invest in mutual funds.

(c)(1) The Executive Director shall invest the sums available in the Thrift Savings Fund for investment as provided in elections made under subsection (d).

(2) If an election has not been made with respect to any sums available for investment in the Thrift Savings Fund, the Executive Director shall invest such sums in an age-appropriate target date asset allocation investment fund, as determined by the Executive Director. Such investment fund shall consist of any of the funds described in subsection (b).

(d)(1) At least twice each year, an employee or Member (or former employee or Member) may elect the investment funds and options referred to in subsection (b) into which the sums in the Thrift Savings Fund credited to such individual's account are to be invested or reinvested.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) only in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Executive Director and within such period as the Executive Director shall provide in such regulations.

(e)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to issue special interest-bearing obligations of the United States for purchase by the Thrift Savings Fund for the Government Securities Investment Fund.

(2)(A) Obligations issued for the purpose of this subsection shall have maturities fixed with due regard to the needs of such Fund as determined by the Executive Director, and shall bear interest at a rate equal to the average market yield (computed by the Secretary of the Treasury on the basis of market quotations as of the end of the calendar month next preceding the date of issue of such obligations) on all marketable interest-bearing obligations of the United States then forming a part of the public debt which are not due or callable earlier than 4 years after the end of such calendar month.

(B) Any average market yield computed under subparagraph (A) which is not a multiple of one-eighth of 1 percent, shall be rounded to the nearest multiple of one-eighth of 1 percent.

(f) The Board, other Government agencies, the Executive Director, an employee, a Member, a former employee, and a former Member may not exercise voting rights associated with the ownership of securities by the Thrift Savings Fund.

(g)(1) Notwithstanding subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary of the Treasury may suspend the issuance of additional amounts of obligations of the United States, if such issuances could not be made without causing the public debt of the United States to exceed the public debt limit, as determined by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(2) Any issuances of obligations to the Government Securities Investment Fund which, solely by reason of the public debt limit are not issued, shall be issued under subsection (e) by the Secretary of the Treasury as soon as such issuances can be issued without exceeding the public debt limit.

(3) Upon expiration of the debt issuance suspension period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall immediately issue to the Government Securities Investment Fund obligations under chapter 31 of title 31 that (notwithstanding subsection (e)(2) of this section) bear such interest rates and maturity dates as are necessary to ensure that, after such obligations are issued, the holdings of obligations of the United States by the Government Securities Investment Fund will replicate the obligations that would then be held by the Government Securities Investment Fund under the procedure set forth in paragraph (5), if the suspension of issuances under paragraph (1) of this subsection had not occurred.

(4) On the first business day after the expiration of any debt issuance suspension period, the Secretary of the Treasury shall pay to the Government Securities Investment Fund, from amounts in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated, an amount equal to the excess of the net amount of interest that would have been earned by the Government Securities Investment Fund from obligations of the United States during such debt issuance suspension period if—

(A) amounts in the Government Securities Investment Fund that were available for investment in obligations of the United States and were not invested during such debt issuance suspension period solely by reason of the public debt limit had been invested under the procedure set forth in paragraph (5), over

(B) the net amount of interest actually earned by the Government Securities Investment Fund from obligations of the United States during such debt issuance suspension period.

(5) On each business day during the debt limit suspension period, the Executive Director shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the amounts, by maturity, that would have been invested or redeemed each day had the debt issuance suspension period not occurred.

(6) For purposes of this subsection and subsection (h) of this section—

(A) the term "public debt limit" means the limitation imposed by section 3101(b) of title 31; and

(B) the term "debt issuance suspension period" means any period for which the Secretary of the Treasury determines for purposes of this subsection that the issuance of obligations of the United States may not be made without exceeding the public debt limit.

(h)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury shall report to Congress on the operation and status of the Thrift Savings Fund during each debt issuance suspension period for which the Secretary is required to take action under paragraph (3) or (4) of subsection (g) of this section. The report shall be submitted as soon as possible after the expiration of such period, but not later than 30 days after the first business day after the expiration of such period. The Secretary shall concurrently transmit a copy of such report to the Executive Director.

(2) Whenever the Secretary of the Treasury determines that, by reason of the public debt limit, the Secretary will be unable to fully comply with the requirements of subsection (e) of this section, the Secretary shall immediately notify Congress and the Executive Director of the determination. The notification shall be made in writing.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 551; amended Pub. L. 100–43, §2, May 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 315; Pub. L. 100–366, §2(a), July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(68), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §102]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(i), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §104, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1854; Pub. L. 113–255, §2(a), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §632(d), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 847.)

**2015**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted "If an" for "(A) Consistent with the requirements of subparagraph (B), if an" and struck out subpar. (B) which read as follows: "If an election has not been made by an eligible member under section 8440e with respect to any sums available for investment in such member's Thrift Savings Fund account, the Executive Director shall invest such sums in the Government Securities Investment Fund."

**2014**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–255 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "If an election has not been made with respect to any sums in the Thrift Savings Fund available for investment, the Executive Director shall invest such sums in the Government Securities Investment Fund."

**2009**—Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 111–31, §104(a), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 111–31, §104(b), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 111–31, §104(c), inserted "and options" after "investment funds".

**1996**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §102(1)]], added par. (5), redesignated former pars. (5) to (8) as (6) to (9), respectively, in par. (9) substituted "paragraph (8)(D)" for "paragraph (7)(D)" in two places, and added par. (10).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §102(2)]], in par. (1) added subpars. (D) and (E) and added pars. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out "and the Comptroller General of the United States" before period at end.

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(7)(B). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "Deposit" for "Savings and Loan".

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(2), substituted "subsection (e)" for "subsection (f)".

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(3), substituted "The" for "Subject to subsection (e), the".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(4), struck out "and not subject to subsection (e)" after "individual's account".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to minimum percentages to be invested in Government Securities Investment Fund and limitations on reinvestment of sums invested in Government Securities Investment Fund prior to years 1992 and 1997.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(1), (5), (6), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and substituted "subsection (e)" for "subsection (f)" in pars. (1) and (2), "subsection (e)(2)" for "subsection (f)(2)" in par. (3), and "subsection (h)" for "subsection (i)" in par. (6). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(a)(1), (7), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h) and substituted "subsection (g)" for "subsection (h)" in par. (1) and "subsection (e)" for "subsection (f)" in par. (2). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

**1988**—Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 100–366 struck out "and the earnings attributable to the investment of such sums" after "paragraph (1)".

**1987**—Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 100–43 added subsecs. (h) and (i).

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–92 effective Jan. 1, 2018, with certain implementation requirements, see section 635 of Pub. L. 114–92, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–255, §2(e), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8439 of this title] shall—

"(1) take effect on the date that the Executive Director issues guidance under subsection (d) [guidance published Aug. 28, 2015, effective Sept. 5, 2015, see section 2(d) of Pub. L. 113–255, set out as a Guidance note below]; and

"(2) apply to individuals enrolled in the Thrift Savings Plan on or after such date."

Section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §104]] provided that: "This title [title I (§§101–104) of section 659 of section 101(f) of Pub. L. 104–208, amending this section and section 8439 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8401 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 30, 1996], and the Funds established under this title shall be offered for investment at the earliest practicable election period (described in section 8432(b) of title 5, United States Code) as determined by the Executive Director in regulations."

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or as of such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–366, §2(b), July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 826, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to earnings attributable to contributions made to the Thrift Savings Fund on or after April 1, 1987."

Pub. L. 113–255, §2(d), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920, provided that: "Not later than 9 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 2014], the Executive Director (as that term is defined under section 8401(13) of title 5, United States Code) shall develop and issue guidance implementing the requirements of this Act [see section 1 of Pub. L. 113–255, set out as a Short Title of 2014 Amendment note under section 101 of this title]."

[Guidance issued in the form of a final rule published Aug. 28, 2015, effective Sept. 5, 2015, see 80 F.R. 52173.]

Pub. L. 101–335, §3(b)(4), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, provided that: "Any other provision of law, in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1990], which provides that any amounts contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund, or earnings thereon, may be invested or reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code, shall cease to be effective."

(a)(1) The Executive Director shall establish and maintain an account for each individual who makes contributions or for whom contributions are made under section 8432 of this title or who makes contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) The balance in an individual's account at any time is the excess of—

(A) the sum of—

(i) all contributions made to the Thrift Savings Fund by the individual;

(ii) all contributions made to such Fund for the benefit of the individual; and

(iii) the total amount of the allocations made to and reductions made in the account pursuant to paragraph (3), over

(B) the amounts paid out of the Thrift Savings Fund with respect to such individual under this subchapter.

(3) Pursuant to regulations prescribed by the Executive Director, the Executive Director shall allocate to each account an amount equal to a pro rata share of the net earnings and net losses from each investment of sums in the Thrift Savings Fund attributable to sums credited to such account, reduced by an appropriate share of the administrative expenses paid out of the net earnings under section 8437(d) of this title, as determined by the Executive Director.

(b)(1) For the purposes of this subsection, the term "qualified public accountant" shall have the same meaning as provided in section 103(a)(3)(D) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1023(a)(3)(D)).

(2) The Executive Director shall annually engage, on behalf of all individuals for whom an account is maintained, an independent qualified public accountant, who shall conduct an examination of all accounts and other books and records maintained in the administration of this subchapter and subchapter VII as the public accountant considers necessary to enable the public accountant to make the determination required by paragraph (3). The examination shall be conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and shall involve such tests of the accounts, books, and records as the public accountant considers necessary.

(3) The public accountant conducting an examination under paragraph (2) shall determine whether the accounts, books, and records referred to in such paragraph have been maintained in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent with the manner in which such principles were applied during the examination conducted under such paragraph during the preceding year. The public accountant shall transmit to the Board a report on his examination, including his determination under this paragraph.

(4) In making a determination under paragraph (3), a public accountant may rely on the correctness of any actuarial matter certified by an enrolled actuary if the public accountant states his reliance in the report transmitted to the Board under such paragraph.

(c)(1) The Board shall prescribe regulations under which each individual for whom an account is maintained shall be furnished with—

(A) a periodic statement relating to the individual's account; and

(B) a summary description of the investment options under section 8438 of this title covering, and an evaluation of, each such option the 5-year period preceding the date as of which such evaluation is made.

(2) Information under this subsection shall be provided on a regular basis, and in a manner designed to facilitate informed decisionmaking with respect to elections under sections 8432 and 8438 of this title. Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to limit the dissemination of information only to the times required under the preceding sentence.

(d)(1) Each employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who elects to invest in any investment fund or option under this chapter, other than the Government Securities Investment Fund, shall sign an acknowledgement prescribed by the Executive Director which states that the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member understands that an investment in any such fund or option is made at the employee's, Member's, former employee's, or former Member's risk, that the employee, Member, former employee, or former Member is not protected by the Government against any loss on such investment, and that a return on such investment is not guaranteed by the Government.

(2) Prior to enrollment in the Thrift Savings Fund, or as soon as practicable thereafter, an individual who is automatically enrolled pursuant to section 8432(b)(2) shall receive the risk acknowledgment information described under paragraph (1).

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 555; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §103]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–373; Pub. L. 104–316, title I, §103(j), Oct. 19, 1996, 110 Stat. 3829; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(5), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(4), (5), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1401; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(3), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §106(a), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1855; Pub. L. 113–255, §2(b), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920.)

**2014**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 113–255 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**2009**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–31, §106(a)(2), substituted "any such fund or option" for "either such Fund".

Pub. L. 111–31, §106(a)(1), which directed substitution of "any investment fund or option under this chapter, other than the Government Securities Investment Fund," for "the matter after 'who elects to invest in' and before 'shall sign an acknowledgment' ", was executed by making the substitution for "the Common Stock Index Investment Fund, the Fixed Income Investment Fund, the International Stock Index Investment Fund, or the Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund, defined in paragraphs (1), (3), (5), and (10), respectively, of section 8438(a) of this title", before "shall sign an acknowledgement", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2004**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "on a regular basis" for "at least 30 calendar days before the beginning of each election period under section 8432(b)(1)(A) of this title".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(4), inserted "who makes contributions or" after "for each individual" and substituted "section 8432" for "section 8432(c)(1)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(5), inserted at end "Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to limit the dissemination of information only to the times required under the preceding sentence."

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(5)(A), in so far as it directed amendment of par. (1) by striking out "under section 8432(c)(1) of this title", could not be executed because the words "under section 8432(c)(1) of this title" did not appear subsequent to amendment by Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(4). See 2000 Amendment note above.

Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(5)(A), struck out "under section 8351 of this title" after "Thrift Savings Fund".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(5)(B), struck out "under section 8432(a) or 8351 of this title" after "individual".

Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(5)(C), struck out "under section 8432(c) of this title" after "individual".

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–316 struck out "and the Comptroller General of the United States" after "to the Board".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "Each employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who elects to invest in the Common Stock Index Investment Fund, the Fixed Income Investment Fund, the International Stock Index Investment Fund, or the Small Capitalization Stock Index Investment Fund, defined in paragraphs (1), (3), (5), and (10)," for "Each employee, Member, former employee, or former Member who elects to invest in the Common Stock Index Investment Fund or the Fixed Income Investment Fund described in paragraphs (1) and (3),".

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–255 effective on the date that the Executive Director issues guidance under section 2(d) Pub. L. 113–255, set out as a Guidance note under section 8438 of this title [guidance published Aug. 28, 2015, effective Sept. 5, 2015], and applicable to individuals enrolled in the Thrift Savings Plan on or after such date, see section 2(e) of Pub. L. 113–255, set out as a note under section 8438 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–361 effective at the earliest practicable date after Sept. 30, 2000, as determined by the Executive Director in regulations, see section 2(c)(1) of Pub. L. 106–361, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–65 effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed, see section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8440e of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, with provisions for certain funds to be offered for investment at earliest practicable election period, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title I, §104]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 8438 of this title.

Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §105, June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1855, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(c)

"(1) the term 'Board' has the meaning given such term by 8401(5) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'participant' has the meaning given such term by section 8471(3) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(3) the term 'account' means an account established under section 8439 of title 5, United States Code."

(a) For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986—

(1) the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated as a trust described in section 401(a) of such Code which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code;

(2) any contribution to, or distribution from, the Thrift Savings Fund shall be treated in the same manner as contributions to or distributions from such a trust; and

(3) subject to section 401(k)(4)(B) of such Code and any dollar limitation on the application of section 402(a)(8) of such Code, contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be treated as distributed or made available to an employee or Member nor as a contribution made to the Fund by an employee or Member merely because the employee or Member has, under the provisions of this subchapter and section 8351 of this title, an election whether the contribution will be made to the Thrift Savings Fund or received by the employee or Member in cash.

(b)

(c) Subsection (a) shall not be construed to provide that any amount of the employee's or Member's basic pay which is contributed to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not be included in the term "wages" for the purposes of section 209 of the Social Security Act or section 3121(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 557; amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §624(b)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–430; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, §1011A(m)(2), Nov. 10, 1988, 102 Stat. 3483; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(69), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 103–353, §5(e)(5), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3174.)

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (c), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 209 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 409 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**1994**—Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 103–353 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–378 inserted "section 401(k)(4)(B) of such Code and" after "subject to".

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–647, which directed the insertion of ", 401(k)(4)(B) of such Code," after "subsection (b)", could not be executed because of previous amendment by Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §624(b)(1)] which struck out "subsection (b)". See 1987 Amendment note below.

**1987**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §624(b)(1)], struck out "the provisions of subsection (b) and" after "subject to".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §624(b)(2)], added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which consisted of pars. (1) and (2) providing that subsec. (a)(3) not apply to the Thrift Savings Fund unless the Fund meets the antidiscrimination requirements applicable to arrangements described in section 401(k) of title 26 and to matching contributions.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–353 effective with respect to reemployments initiated on or after the first day after the 60-day period beginning Oct. 13, 1994, with transition rules, see section 8 of Pub. L. 103–353, set out as an Effective Date note under section 4301 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 10, 1988, see section 9(b)(8) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

(a)(1) A justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 451 of title 28 may elect to contribute an amount of such individual's basic pay to the Thrift Savings Fund. Basic pay does not include an annuity or salary received by a justice or judge who has retired under section 371(a) or (b) or section 372(a) of title 28, United States Code.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) for individuals subject to this chapter.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII shall apply with respect to justices and judges making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) The amount contributed by a justice or judge for any pay period shall not exceed the maximum percentage of such justice's or judge's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.

(3) No contributions shall be made for the benefit of a justice or judge under section 8432(c) of this title.

(4) Section 8433(b) of this title applies with respect to elections available to any justice or judge who retires under section 371(a) or (b) or section 372(a) of title 28. Retirement under section 371(a) or (b) or section 372(a) of title 28 is a separation from service for the purposes of subchapters III and VII of chapter 84 of this title.

(5) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any justice or judge who resigns without having met the age and service requirements set forth in section 371(c) of title 28.

(6) The provisions of section 8351(b)(5) of this title shall govern the rights of spouses of justices or judges contributing to the Thrift Savings Fund under this section.

(7) Notwithstanding paragraphs (4) and (5), if any justice or judge retires under subsection (a) or (b) of section 371 or section 372(a) of title 28, or resigns without having met the age and service requirements set forth under section 371(c) of title 28, and such justice's or judge's nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment.

(Added Pub. L. 100–654, title IV, §401(a), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3847; amended Pub. L. 101–335, §§3(b)(2), 6(b)(2), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, 323; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(70), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(e), (i)(17), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 120, 122; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(a)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–377; Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(6), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1401; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(2)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(4), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892.)

Another section 8440a was renumbered section 8440b of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "as" for "only during a period".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–361 substituted "this chapter" for "chapter 84 of this title: *Provided, however*, That a justice or judge may make the first such election within 60 days of the effective date of this section".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "The amount contributed by a justice or judge shall not exceed 5 percent of basic pay."

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–208 substituted "less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation" for "$3,500 or less" and struck out "unless the justice or judge elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under section 8433(b)" before period at end.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(e)(1), substituted "Section 8433(b)" for "Section 8433(d)".

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(i)(17), substituted "section 8351(b)(5)" for "section 8351(b)(7)".

Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(e)(2), added par. (7) and struck out former pars. (7) and (8) which read as follows:

"(7) Notwithstanding paragraph (5), if any justice or judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) resigns without having met the age and service requirements set forth in section 371(c) of title 28, and such justice's or judge's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the justice or judge elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in section 8433(e).

"(8) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any justice or judge retires under subsection (a) or (b) of section 371 or section 372(a) of title 28, and such justice's or judge's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the justice or judge elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under section 8433(b)."

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "this subchapter and subchapter VII" for "subchapters III and VII of chapter 84 of this title".

**1990**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(b)(2), redesignated par. (7) as (6) and struck out former par. (6) which read as follows: "Sums contributed under this section and earnings attributable to such sums may be invested and reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of this title."

Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(2), added pars. (7) and (8). Former par. (7) redesignated (6).

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–361 effective at the earliest practicable date after Sept. 30, 2000, as determined by the Executive Director in regulations, see section 2(c)(1) of Pub. L. 106–361, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 3(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or as of such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 6(b)(2) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

(a)(1) A bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who is covered by section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988 may elect to contribute an amount of such individual's basic pay to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) for individuals subject to this chapter.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII shall apply with respect to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section.

(2) The amount contributed by a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge for any pay period shall not exceed the maximum percentage of such bankruptcy judge's or magistrate judge's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.

(3) No contributions shall be made under section 8432(c) of this title for the benefit of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge making contributions under subsection (a) of this section.

(4)(A) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires entitled to an immediate annuity under section 377 of title 28 (including a disability annuity under subsection (d) of such section) or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.

(B) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before attaining age 65 but is entitled, upon attaining age 65, to an annuity under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.

(C) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before becoming entitled to an immediate annuity, or an annuity upon attaining age 65, under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988.

(5) With respect to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges to whom this section applies, any of the actions described under paragraph (4)(A), (B), or (C) shall be considered a separation from service for purposes of this subchapter and subchapter VII.

(6) For purposes of this section, the terms "retirement" and "retire" include removal from office under section 377(d) of title 28 on the sole ground of mental or physical disability.

(7) In the case of a bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge who receives a distribution from the Thrift Savings Plan and who later receives an annuity under section 377 of title 28, that annuity shall be offset by an amount equal to the amount of the distribution which represents the Government's contribution to that person's Thrift Savings Account, without regard to earnings attributable to that amount. Where such an offset would exceed 50 percent of the annuity to be received in the first year, the offset may be divided equally over the first 2 years in which that person receives the annuity.

(8) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge eligible to make an election under subsection (b) of section 8433, and such bankruptcy judge's or magistrate judge's nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment.

(Added Pub. L. 100–659, §7(a), Nov. 15, 1988, 102 Stat. 3919, §8440a; renumbered §8440b and amended Pub. L. 101–335, §§3(b)(3), 6(b)(3), 9(a), July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 320, 324, 326; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §321, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 120; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(b)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–377; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(3)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 108–469, §§1(d)(5), 3(2), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892, 3893.)

Section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(4), is section 2(c) of Pub. L. 100–659, which is set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Another section 8440b was renumbered section 8440c of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(5), substituted "as" for "only during a period".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–469, §3(2)(A), substituted "bankruptcy judge's or magistrate judge's" for "bankruptcy judge's or magistrate's".

Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 108–469, §3(2)(B), substituted "bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge" for "bankruptcy judge or magistrate".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 108–469, §3(2)(B), substituted "bankruptcy judge or magistrate judge" for "bankruptcy judge or magistrate" in two places.

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted "the maximum percentage of such bankruptcy judge's or magistrate's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f." for "5 percent of basic pay for such pay period."

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(b)(1)]], inserted "of the distribution" after "equal to the amount" in first sentence.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(b)(2)(A)]], substituted "less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation" for "$3,500 or less".

Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(b)(2)(B)]], which directed that par. (8) be amended by striking out "unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under subsection (b)", was executed by striking out "unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under such subsection (b)" before period at end, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(1), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "Section 8433(c) of this title applies to any bankruptcy judge or magistrate who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before attaining age 65 but is entitled, upon attaining age 65, to an annuity under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988; except that the period described in paragraph (3) of section 8433(c) commences on or after the date on which payment of the bankruptcy judge's or magistrate's annuity under section 377 of title 28 commences."

Subsec. (b)(4)(C). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(2), substituted "Section 8433(b)" for "Section 8433(d)".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(3), substituted "any of the actions described under paragraph (4)(A), (B), or (C) shall be considered" for "retirement under section 377 of title 28 is".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(5)(B), which directed striking out "and (c), as applicable", was executed by striking out "or (c), as applicable" before period at end to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(5)(A), substituted "Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate eligible to make an election under subsection (b)" for "Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B) of paragraph (4), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate retires under circumstances making such bankruptcy judge or magistrate eligible to make an election under subsection (b) or (c)".

Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(4), redesignated par. (9) as (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(C), if any bankruptcy judge or magistrate who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) retires before becoming entitled to an immediate annuity, or an annuity upon attaining age 65, under section 377 of title 28 or section 2(c) of the Retirement and Survivors' Annuities for Bankruptcy Judges and Magistrates Act of 1988, and such bankruptcy judge's or magistrate's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the bankruptcy judge or magistrate elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in section 8433(e)."

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(f)(4), redesignated par. (9) as (8).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–335, §9(a), renumbered section 8440a of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 101–335, §3(b)(3), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: "Sums contributed pursuant to this section by bankruptcy judges or magistrates, as well as all previous contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund by those bankruptcy judges and magistrates, and earnings attributable to such sums and contributions, may be invested and reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of this title."

Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 101–335, §6(b)(3), added pars. (8) and (9). Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Words "magistrate judge", "magistrate judges", and "magistrate judge's" substituted for "magistrate", "magistrates", and "magistrate's", respectively, in section catchline and in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b)(1)–(3), (4)(A), (C), (5), (7), and (8), pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 3(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or as of such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by section 6(b)(3) of Pub. L. 101–335 effective as of second election period described in section 8432(b) of this title beginning after July 17, 1990, or such earlier date as Executive Director may by regulation prescribe, and applicable with respect to separations occurring before, on, or after that effective date, see section 6(c) of Pub. L. 101–335, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Section effective Nov. 15, 1988, and applicable to bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges who retire on or after Nov. 15, 1988, with exception for judges and magistrate judges retiring on or after July 31, 1987, see section 9 of Pub. L. 100–659, as amended, set out as a note under section 377 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

(a)(1) A judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims who is covered by section 178 of title 28 may elect to contribute an amount of such individual's basic pay to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) for individuals subject to this chapter.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII shall apply with respect to Court of Federal Claims judges who make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section.

(2) The amount contributed by a Court of Federal Claims judge for any pay period shall not exceed the maximum percentage of such judge's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.

(3) No contributions shall be made under section 8432(c) of this title for the benefit of a Court of Federal Claims judge making contributions under subsection (a) of this section.

(4)(A) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to a Court of Federal Claims judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires entitled to an annuity under section 178 of title 28 (including a disability annuity under subsection (c) of such section).

(B) Section 8433(b) of this title applies to any Court of Federal Claims judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) of this section and who retires before becoming entitled to an annuity under section 178 of title 28.

(5) With respect to Court of Federal Claims judges to whom this section applies, any of the actions described in paragraph (4)(A) or (B) shall be considered a separation from service for purposes of this subchapter and subchapter VII.

(6) For purposes of this section, the terms "retirement" and "retire" include removal from office under section 178(c) of title 28 on the sole ground of mental or physical disability.

(7) In the case of a Court of Federal Claims judge who receives a distribution from the Thrift Savings Plan and who later receives an annuity under section 178 of title 28, such annuity shall be offset by an amount equal to the amount of the distribution which represents the Government's contribution to that person's Thrift Savings Account, without regard to earnings attributable to that amount. Where such an offset would exceed 50 percent of the annuity to be received in the first year, the offset may be divided equally over the first 2 years in which that person receives the annuity.

(8) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), if any Court of Federal Claims judge retires under circumstances making such judge eligible to make an election under section 8433(b), and such judge's nonforfeitable account balance is less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment.

(Added Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §306(d)(1), Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5110, §8440b; renumbered §8440c and amended Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–226, §9(g), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(c)]], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–372, 3009–378; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(4)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(6), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892.)

Another section 8440c was renumbered section 8440d of this title.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "as" for "only during a period".

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 substituted "the maximum percentage of such judge's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f." for "5 percent of basic pay for such pay period."

**1996**—Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(c)(1)]], inserted "of the distribution" after "equal to the amount".

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 104–208, §101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §205(c)(2)]], substituted "less than an amount that the Executive Director prescribes by regulation" for "$3,500 or less" and struck out "unless the judge elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, one of the options available under section 8433(b)" before period at end.

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(g)(1), substituted "Section 8433(b)" for "Section 8433(d)".

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(g)(2), substituted "any of the actions described in paragraph (4)(A) or (B) shall be considered" for "retirement under section 178 of title 28 is".

Subsec. (b)(8), (9). Pub. L. 103–226, §9(g)(3), (4), redesignated par. (9) as (8), substituted "Notwithstanding paragraph (4)" for "Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(A)", and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: "Notwithstanding paragraph (4)(B), if any Court of Federal Claims judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under subsection (a) retires before becoming entitled to an annuity under section 178 of title 28, and such judge's nonforfeitable account balance is $3,500 or less, the Executive Director shall pay the nonforfeitable account balance to the participant in a single payment unless the judge elects, at such time and otherwise in such manner as the Executive Director prescribes, to have the nonforfeitable account balance transferred to an eligible retirement plan as provided in section 8433(e)."

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(2), substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(1), substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

Subsec. (b)(1) to (5), (7) to (9). Pub. L. 102–572, §902(b)(2), substituted "Court of Federal Claims" for "Claims Court" wherever appearing.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1)(A), renumbered section 8440b of this title as this section.

Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1)(B)(i), substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (d)".

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1)(B)(ii), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: "Sums contributed pursuant to this section by Claims Court judges, as well as all previous contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund by those judges, and earnings attributable to such sums and contributions, may be invested and reinvested only in the Government Securities Investment Fund established under section 8438(b)(1)(A) of this title."

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1)(B)(ii), (iii) added par. (8) and redesignated former par. (8) as (7).

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(1)(B)(iii), added par. (9).

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 effective Sept. 30, 1996, and withdrawals and elections as provided under such amendment to be made at earliest practicable date as determined by Executive Director in regulations, see section 101(f) [title VI, §659 [title II, §207]] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 5545a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Section 7(c)(3) of Pub. L. 102–198, as amended by Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516, provided that: "Paragraphs (8) and (9) of section 8440c(b) of title 5, United States Code (as added by paragraph (1)) shall be effective as of January 1, 1991, and shall apply to any Court of Federal Claims judge retiring on or after such date."

Section applicable to judges of, and senior judges in active service with, the United States Court of Federal Claims on or after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 306(f) of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 8331 of this title.

(a)(1) A judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims may elect to contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) An election may be made under paragraph (1) as provided under section 8432(b) of this title for individuals subject to this chapter.

(b)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII of this chapter shall apply with respect to a judge making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) The amount contributed by a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims for any pay period may not exceed the maximum percentage of such judge's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f. Basic pay does not include any retired pay paid pursuant to section 7296 of title 38.

(3) No contributions may be made for the benefit of a judge under section 8432(c) of this title.

(4) Section 8433(b) of this title applies with respect to a judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund and retires under section 7296(b) of title 38.

(5) Section 8433(b) of this title applies in the case of a judge who elects to make contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund and thereafter ceases to serve as a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims but does not retire under section 7296(b) of title 38.

(6) The provisions of section 8351(b)(7) 1 of this title shall apply with respect to a judge who has elected to contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 102–82, §5(a)(1), Aug. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 376, §8440c; renumbered §8440d, Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(4)(A), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1625, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, §5(d)(1), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1358; amended Pub. L. 103–226, §9(h), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 121; Pub. L. 105–368, title V, §512(b)(1)(A), (2)(A), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3342; Pub. L. 106–361, §2(b)(6), Oct. 27, 2000, 114 Stat. 1401; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(5)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(7), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892.)

Section 8351(b)(7) of this title, referred to in subsec. (b)(6), was redesignated section 8351(b)(5) of this title by Pub. L. 103–226, §9(a)(3), Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 119.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "as" for "only during a period".

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–361 substituted "this chapter" for "chapter 84 of this title".

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 106–554 amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: "The amount contributed by a judge may not exceed 5 percent of the amount of the judge's basic pay."

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–368, §512(b)(2)(A), substituted "Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims" for "Judges of the United States Court of Veterans Appeals" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a)(1), (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–368, §512(b)(1)(A), substituted "Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims" for "Court of Veterans Appeals".

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 103–226 substituted "Section 8433(b) of this title applies" for "A transfer shall be made as provided in section 8433(d) of this title".

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378 amended Pub. L. 102–198. See 1991 Amendment note below.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–198, as amended by Pub. L. 102–378, renumbered section 8440c of this title as this section.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–361 effective at the earliest practicable date after Sept. 30, 2000, as determined by the Executive Director in regulations, see section 2(c)(1) of Pub. L. 106–361, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–368 effective on first day of first month beginning more than 90 days after Nov. 11, 1998, see section 513 of Pub. L. 105–368, set out as a note under section 7251 of Title 38, Veterans' Benefits.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–226 effective Mar. 10, 1995, see section 9(j) of Pub. L. 103–226, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Dec. 9, 1991, see section 9(b)(2) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 102–82, as amended by Pub. L. 102–198, §7(c)(4)(C), Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1625, provided that: "A judge of the United States Court of Veterans Appeals on the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 6, 1991] may make an election under section 8440d(a) of title 5, United States Code, within 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "basic pay" means basic pay payable under section 204 of title 37;

(2) the term "full TSP member" means a member described in subsection (e)(1);

(3) the term "member" has the meaning given the term in section 211 of title 37; and

(4) the term "Secretary concerned" has the meaning given the term in section 101 of title 37.

(b)(1) Any member eligible to participate in the Thrift Savings Plan by virtue of section 211(b) of title 37 may contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), an election to contribute to the Thrift Savings Fund under this section may be made as provided under section 8432(b).

(B)(i) Notwithstanding subparagraph (A), any individual who is a member as of the effective date that applies with respect to such individual under section 663 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 may make the first such election during the 60-day period beginning on such effective date.

(ii) An election made under this subparagraph shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning after the close of the 60-day period referred to in clause (i).

(c) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter VII shall apply with respect to members making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund, and such members shall, for purposes of this subchapter and subchapter VII, be considered employees within the meaning of section 8401(11).

(d)(1)(A) The amount contributed by a member described in section 211(a)(1) of title 37 for any pay period out of basic pay may not exceed the maximum percentage of such member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f.

(B) The amount contributed by a member described in section 211(a)(2) of title 37 for any pay period out of any compensation received under section 206 of title 37 may not exceed the maximum percentage of such member's compensation for such pay period (received under such section 206) allowable under section 8440f.

(2) A member making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund out of basic pay, or out of compensation under section 206 of title 37, may also contribute (by direct transfer to the Fund) any part of any special or incentive pay that such member receives under chapter 5 of title 37.

(3) Nothing in this section or section 211 of title 37 shall be considered to waive any dollar limitation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 which otherwise applies with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(e)

(1)

(A) who first enters a uniformed service on or after January 1, 2018; or

(B) who—

(i) first entered a uniformed service before January 1, 2018;

(ii) has completed fewer than 12 years of service in the uniformed services as of December 31, 2017; and

(iii) makes the election described in section 1409(b)(4)(B) or 12729(f)(2) of title 10 to receive Thrift Savings Plan contributions under this subsection in exchange for the reduced multipliers described in section 1409(b)(4)(A) or 12739(f)(1) of title 10, as applicable, for purposes of calculating the retired pay of the member.

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i) begins—

(I) on or after the day that is 60 days afer the date the member first enters a uniformed service, in the case of a member described in paragraph (1)(A); or

(II) on or after the date the member makes the election described in paragraph (1)(B), in the case of a member making such an election; and

(ii) ends on the day such member completes 26 years of service as a member of the uniformed services.

(B)

(i) begins—

(I) on or after the day that is 2 years and 1 day after the date the member first enters a uniformed service, in the case of a member described in paragraph (1)(A); or

(II) on or after the date the member makes the election described in paragraph (1)(B), in the case of a member making such an election; and

(ii) ends on the day such member completes 26 years of service as a member of the uniformed services.

(4)

(Added Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(2)(A), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 670; amended Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §661(c)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–167; Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(6)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–233; Pub. L. 108–469, §1(d)(8), Dec. 21, 2004, 118 Stat. 3892; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title VI, §632(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 845.)

Section 663 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i), is section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, which is set out as an Effective Date note below.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2015**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(a)(1), added pars. (1) to (4) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which defined "member" and "basic pay", respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 114–92, §632(a)(2), amended subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: "Except as provided in section 211(d) of title 37, no contribution under section 8432(c) of this title may be made for the benefit of a member making contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund under this section."

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–469 substituted "as provided under section 8432(b)" for "only during a period provided under section 8432(b), subject to the same conditions as prescribed under paragraph (2) (A)–(D) thereof".

**2000**—Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 106–398 substituted "as of the effective date that applies with respect to such individual under section 663 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000" for "as of the effective date described in paragraph (1) of section 663(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (or, if applicable, paragraph (2) thereof)".

Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(6)(A)], substituted "the maximum percentage of such member's basic pay for such pay period allowable under section 8440f." for "5 percent of such member's basic pay for such pay period."

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(6)(B)], substituted "the maximum percentage of such member's compensation for such pay period (received under such section 206) allowable under section 8440f." for "5 percent of such compensation, payable to such member for such pay period."

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–92 effective Jan. 1, 2018, with certain implementation requirements, see section 635 of Pub. L. 114–92, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §663, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 673, as amended by Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §661(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–167, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(A) the date as of which the amendments made by this subtitle shall take effect; or

"(B) the date as of which section 211(a)(2) of title 37, United States Code (as added by this subtitle) shall take effect.

"(2) Postponement authority under this subsection may be exercised only to the extent that the failure to do so would prevent the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board from being able to provide timely and accurate services to investors or would place an excessive burden on the administrative capacity of the Board to accommodate participants in the Thrift Savings Plan, as determined by the Secretary of Defense after consultation with the Executive Director (appointed by the Board).

"(3) Paragraph (1) includes the authority to postpone the effective date of the amendments made by this subtitle (apart from section 211(a)(2) of title 37, United States Code), and the effective date of such section 211(a)(2), by different lengths of time.

"(4) The Secretary shall notify the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives], the Committee on Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Governmental Affairs [now Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs] of the Senate of any determination made under this subsection."

Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(b), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 672, as amended by Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title VI, §661(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–167, provided that: "Not later than the 180th day after the date of the enactment of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 [Oct. 30, 2000], the Executive Director (appointed by the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board) shall issue regulations to implement the amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle F (§§661–663) of title VI of div. A of Pub. L. 106–65, enacting this section and section 211 of Title 37, Pay and Allowances of the Uniformed Services, and amending sections 8351, 8432b, 8433, 8439, and 8473 of this title and section 211 of Title 37]."

(a) The maximum percentage allowable under this section shall be determined in accordance with the following table:

In the case of a pay period beginningin fiscal year: | The maximum percentageallowable is: |
---|---|

2001 | 6 |

2002 | 7 |

2003 | 8 |

2004 | 9 |

2005 | 10 |

2006 or thereafter | 100. |


(b) Notwithstanding any limitation under this section, an eligible participant (as defined by section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) may make such additional contributions to the Thrift Savings Fund as are permitted by such section 414(v) and regulations of the Executive Director consistent therewith.

(Added Pub. L. 106–554, §1(a)(4) [div. B, title I, §138(a)(7)(A)], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A–234; amended Pub. L. 107–304, §1(b)(2), Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2363.)

Section 414(v) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 414(v) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2002**—Pub. L. 107–304 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–304 effective as of the earliest practicable date determined by the Executive Director in regulations, see section 1(c) of Pub. L. 107–304, set out as a note under section 8351 of this title.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) the term "widow" means the surviving wife of an employee, Member, or annuitant, or of a former employee or Member, who—

(A) was married to him for at least 9 months immediately before his death; or

(B) is the mother of issue by that marriage;

(2) the term "widower" means the surviving husband of an employee, Member, or annuitant, or of a former employee or Member, who—

(A) was married to her for at least 9 months immediately before her death; or

(B) is the father of issue by that marriage;

(3) the term "dependent", in the case of any child, means that the employee, Member, or annuitant involved was, at the time of death of the employee, Member, or annuitant either living with or contributing to the support of such child, as determined in accordance with such regulations as the Office shall prescribe; and

(4) the term "child" means—

(A) an unmarried dependent child under 18 years of age, including (i) an adopted child, (ii) a stepchild but only if the stepchild lived with the employee, Member, or annuitant in a regular parent-child relationship, (iii) a recognized natural child, and (iv) a child who lived with and for whom a petition of adoption was filed by an employee, Member, or annuitant and who is adopted by the widow or widower of the employee, Member, or annuitant after the death of such employee, Member, or annuitant;

(B) such unmarried dependent child regardless of age who is incapable of self-support because of mental or physical disability incurred before age 18; or

(C) such unmarried dependent child between 18 and 22 years of age who is a student regularly pursuing a full-time course of study or training in residence in a high school, trade school, technical or vocational institute, junior college, college, university, or comparable recognized educational institution.

For the purpose of this paragraph and section 8443, a child whose 22nd birthday occurs before July 1 or after August 31 of a calendar year, and while regularly pursuing such a course of study or training, is deemed to have become 22 years of age on the first day of July after that birthday. A child who is a student is deemed not to have ceased to be a student during an interim between school years if the interim is not more than 5 months and if such child shows to the satisfaction of the Office that such child has a bona fide intention of continuing to pursue a course of study or training in the same or different school during the school semester (or other period into which the school year is divided) immediately after the interim.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 558.)

(a)(1) Except as provided in subsection (g), if an annuitant dies and is survived by a widow or widower, the widow or widower is entitled to an annuity equal to 50 percent of an annuity computed under section 8415 with respect to the annuitant, (or one-half thereof, if designated for this purpose under section 8419 of this title), unless—

(A) the right to an annuity was waived under section 8416(a) (and no election was subsequently made under section 8416(d) nullifying the waiver); or

(B) in the case of a marriage after retirement, the annuitant did not file an election under section 8416(b) or (c), as the case may be.

(2) A spouse acquired after retirement is entitled to an annuity under this subsection (as provided in paragraph (1)) only upon electing this annuity instead of any other survivor benefit to which such spouse may be entitled under this subchapter or section 8424 or under another retirement system for Government employees.

(b)(1) If an employee or Member dies after completing at least 18 months of civilian service creditable under section 8411 and is survived by a widow or widower, the widow or widower is entitled to—

(A) an amount equal to the sum of—

(i) 50 percent of the final annual rate of basic pay (or of the average pay, if higher) of the employee or Member; and

(ii) $15,000 as adjusted under section 8462(e); and

(B) if the employee or Member completed at least 10 years of service, an annuity equal to 50 percent of an annuity computed under section 8415 with respect to the employee or Member, but without regard to subsection (f) of such section.

(2) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which the total amount payable to a widow or widower under paragraph (1)(A) may, at the election of the widow or widower, be paid—

(A) in a lump sum; or

(B) on a monthly basis—

(i) over a period of 3 years beginning on the day after the employee's or Member's death; or

(ii) over any other period established under the regulations.

Any method of payment provided for under subparagraph (B) shall be designed such that the present value of the benefits provided under such method is actuarially equivalent to the present value of a lump-sum payment under subparagraph (A).

(3) An amount payable under paragraph (1)(A) shall not be considered to be part of an annuity for purposes of this chapter.

(c)(1) If a former employee or Member dies after having separated from the service with title to a deferred annuity under section 8413 but before having established a valid claim for an annuity, and is survived by a widow or widower to whom married on the date of separation, the widow or widower may elect to receive—

(A) an annuity under paragraph (2); or

(B) the lump-sum credit, if the widow or widower is the individual who would be entitled to the lump-sum credit and if such widow or widower files application therefor with the Office.

(2)(A)(i) Subject to clause (ii) and subparagraph (B)(ii), the annuity of the widow or widower is equal to 50 percent of an annuity computed under section 8415 for the former employee or Member.

(ii)(I) In computing an amount under section 8415 for a former employee or Member (described in subclause (II)) in order to compute the annuity for a widow or widower under this subsection, the computation under section 8415 shall be made as if the former employee or Member had attained the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h).

(II) This clause applies with respect to a former employee or Member who dies before having attained the applicable minimum retirement age under section 8412(h).

(B)(i) Notwithstanding the first sentence of subsection (d)(1), the annuity of the widow or widower of a former employee or Member under subparagraph (A)(ii) commences—

(I) on the day after the date on which the former employee or Member would have attained age 62 (or, if applicable, either age 60 if the former employee or Member completed at least 20 years of service, or the applicable minimum retirement age (under section 8412(h)) if the former employee or Member completed at least 30 years of service); or

(II) if the widow or widower so designates in the election, as of the day after the death of the former employee or Member.

(ii) The present value of the annuity of a widow or widower who chooses the earlier commencement date under clause (i)(II) shall be actuarially equivalent to the present value of an annuity computed for the widow or widower, determined as if the commencement date under clause (i)(I) were applicable.

(3)(A) Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall apply only in the case of an employee or Member who completes at least 10 years of service.

(B) Nothing in this subsection shall be considered to affect the provisions of this chapter relating to a lump-sum credit in the case of the widow or widower of a former employee or Member who dies after completing less than 10 years of service.

(d)(1) The annuity of a widow or widower under this section commences on the day after the death of the individual on whose service such annuity is based. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the widow or widower—

(A) dies; or

(B) except as provided in paragraph (3), remarries before becoming 55 years of age.

(2) In the case of a widow or widower whose annuity under this section is terminated because of remarriage before becoming 55 years of age, the annuity shall be restored at the same rate commencing on the day the remarriage is dissolved by death, divorce, or annulment, if—

(A) the widow or widower elects to receive this annuity instead of any other survivor benefit to which such widow or widower may be entitled (under this subchapter or section 8424 or under another retirement system for Government employees) by reason of the remarriage; and

(B) any lump sum paid on termination of the annuity is returned to the Fund.

(3) Paragraph (1)(B) (relating to termination of a survivor annuity because of a remarriage before age 55) shall not apply if the widow or widower was married for at least 30 years to the individual on whose service the survivor annuity is based.

(e) The requirement in paragraphs (1)(A) and (2)(A) of section 8441 that the widow or widower of an annuitant, employee, or Member, or of a former employee or Member, have been married to such individual for at least 9 months immediately before the death of the individual in order to qualify as the widow or widower of such individual shall be deemed satisfied in any case in which the individual dies within the applicable 9-month period, if—

(1) the death of the individual was accidental; or

(2) the surviving spouse of the individual had been previously married to such individual and subsequently divorced, and the aggregate time married is at least 9 months.

(f)(1) Subject to paragraph (4), a survivor who is entitled to an annuity under subsection (a) shall also be entitled to a supplementary annuity under this subsection.

(2) A supplementary annuity under this subsection shall be equal to the lesser of—

(A) the amount by which the survivor's assumed CSRS annuity exceeds the annuity payable to such survivor under subsection (a); or

(B) the amount determined under paragraph (3).

(3)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amount under this paragraph for a survivor is the amount of widow's or widower's insurance benefits which would be payable to such survivor under title II of the Social Security Act (without regard to sections 202(e)(7), 202(f)(2), and 203 of such Act) based on the wages and self-employment income of the deceased annuitant, and determined—

(i) as of the date on which the annuitant died; and

(ii) as if the survivor had attained age 60 and made application for those benefits under subsection (e) or (f) of section 202 of such Act, as the case may be.

(B) Any computation or determination under this paragraph shall be made in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Social Security Act, except that in computing any primary insurance amount under section 215 of such Act for purposes of determining an amount under this subsection, subparagraphs (A) and (C) of section 8421(b)(2) shall apply.

(4) A supplementary annuity under this subsection—

(A) shall be payable to a survivor only for calendar months ending before the calendar month in which such survivor first satisfies the minimum age requirement under section 202(e)(1)(B)(i) or 202(f)(1)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act, as the case may be;

(B) shall not be payable to a survivor who would not be entitled to benefits under subsection (e) or (f) of section 202 of the Social Security Act based on the wages and self-employment income of the deceased annuitant (determined, as of the date of the annuitant's death, as if the survivor had attained age 60 and made appropriate application for benefits, but without regard to any restriction under either such subsection relating to remarriage); and

(C) shall not be payable to a survivor for any calendar month in which such survivor is entitled (or would, on proper application, be entitled) to benefits under section 202(g) of the Social Security Act (relating to mother's and father's insurance benefits), or under section 202(e) or (f) of such Act by reason of having become disabled, based on the wages and self-employment income of the deceased annuitant.

(5) For the purpose of this subsection, the term "assumed CSRS annuity", as used in the case of a survivor, means the amount of the annuity to which such survivor would be entitled under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title based on the service of the deceased annuitant, determined—

(A) as of the day after the date of the annuitant's death;

(B) as if the survivor had made appropriate application therefor; and

(C) as if the service of the deceased annuitant were creditable under such subchapter.

(6) An amount payable under this subsection shall be adjusted under section 8462 and shall otherwise be treated under this chapter in the same way as an amount payable under subsection (a).

(g)(1) If the widow or widower of an annuitant under section 8452 (hereinafter in this subsection referred to as a "disability annuitant") is determined under subsection (a) to be entitled to an annuity based on the service of such disability annuitant, the annuity of the widow or widower shall be equal to 50 percent of the amount determined under paragraph (2) (or one-half thereof if designated for this purpose under section 8419 of this title), rather than of the amount referred to in subsection (a).

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the amount on which the annuity of the widow or widower of a disability annuitant is based shall be the amount of the annuity to which such disability annuitant was entitled, as computed under section 8452 (including appropriate reduction under subsection (a)(2) of such section and any adjustments under section 8462 allowed under section 8452), as of the day before the date of the disability annuitant's death.

(B)(i) In the case of a widow or widower entitled to an annuity based on the service of a disability annuitant who dies before age 62, the amount under clause (ii) shall apply instead of the amount which would otherwise apply under subparagraph (A).

(ii)(I) Subject to subclause (II), the amount of the annuity to which the disability annuitant was entitled as of the day before the date of death shall be considered to be the amount which would be computed with respect to such disability annuitant under section 8452(b) if the disability annuitant had attained age 62 on the day before date of death.

(II) For purposes of any such computation under section 8452(b)(2) pursuant to this clause, creditable service shall (in addition to the service which would otherwise be used under subparagraph (B)(i) of such section) include the period of time between date of death and the date of the sixty-second anniversary of the birth of the annuitant, and average pay shall be adjusted in accordance with subparagraph (B)(ii) of such section only through date of death.

(h) The following rules shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of this section:

(1) The annuity payable under this section to a widow or widower may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the amount of the annuity which would otherwise be payable to such widow or widower under this section; and

(B) the amount of the annuity payable to any former spouse of the deceased employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, based on an election made under section 8417(b) or a court order previously issued or agreement previously entered into as described in section 8445(a).

(2) The amount payable under subsection (b)(1)(A) to a widow or widower may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the amount which would otherwise be payable to such widow or widower under such subsection; and

(B) the portion of such amount payable to any former spouse of the deceased employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, based on a court order previously issued or agreement previously entered into.

(3) A lump-sum credit under subsection (c)(2) shall be subject to the same terms and conditions as apply with respect to a lump-sum credit under section 8424(b).

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 559; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §120, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §131(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1760; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §518(b)(1), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), (4), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42. Sections 202, 203, and 215 are classified to sections 402, 403, and 415, respectively, of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**1997**—Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(b)(1)(B), substituted "except as provided in paragraph (3), remarries" for "remarries".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(b)(1)(A), added par. (3).

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, §131(b)(1), inserted "(or one-half thereof, if designated for this purpose under section 8419 of this title)," after "with respect to the annuitant,".

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 100–238, §131(b)(2), inserted "(or one-half thereof if designated for this purpose under section 8419 of this title)" after "paragraph (2)".

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i)(I). Pub. L. 99–556 which directed that subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i)(I) of this section be amended generally was executed to subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i)(I) of this section, as the probable intent of Congress. Prior to the amendment, subcl. (I) read as follows: "on the day after the date on which the former employee or Member would have attained age 62; or".

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable with respect to remarriages occurring on or after Jan. 1, 1995, see section 518(c) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

(a)(1) If an employee or Member dies after completing at least 18 months of civilian service which is creditable under section 8411, or an annuitant dies, each surviving child is, for any month, entitled to an annuity equal to—

(A) the amount by which the applicable amount under paragraph (2) for such month exceeds the applicable amount under paragraph (3) for such month, divided by

(B) the number of children entitled to a payment under this section for such month.

(2) The applicable amount under this paragraph for any month is the total amount to which the surviving child or children (as the case may be) of the annuitant, employee, or Member would be entitled for such month under subchapter III of chapter 83 (including any adjustment based on section 8340) based on the service of such annuitant, employee, or Member, if the service of such annuitant, employee, or Member were creditable under such subchapter.

(3) The applicable amount under this paragraph for any month is the total amount of child's insurance benefits which are payable (or would, on proper application, be payable) under title II of the Social Security Act for such month based on the wages and self-employment income of such annuitant, employee, or Member.

(b) The annuity of a child under this subchapter—

(1) commences on the day after the annuitant, employee, or Member dies;

(2) commences or resumes on the first day of the month in which the child later becomes or again becomes a student as described by section 8441(4), if any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund; or

(3) commences or resumes on the first day of the month in which the child later becomes or again becomes incapable of self-support because of a mental or physical disability incurred before age 18 (or a later recurrence of such disability), if any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund.

This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the child—

(A) becomes 18 years of age unless then a student as described or incapable of self-support;

(B) becomes capable of self-support after becoming 18 years of age unless then such a student;

(C) becomes 22 years of age if then such a student and capable of self-support;

(D) ceases to be such a student after becoming 18 years of age unless then incapable of self-support; or

(E) dies or marries;

whichever occurs first. On the death of the surviving wife or husband, or former wife or husband, or termination of the annuity of a child, the annuity of any other child or children shall be recomputed and paid as though the wife or husband, former wife or husband, or child had not survived the annuitant, employee, or Member. If the annuity of a child under this subchapter terminates under subparagraph (E) because of marriage, then, if such marriage ends, such annuity shall resume on the first day of the month in which it ends, but only if any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund, and that individual is not otherwise ineligible for such annuity.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 563; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §117(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §633(a)(2)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–363.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title II of the Social Security Act is classified generally to subchapter II (§401 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–208 inserted at end "If the annuity of a child under this subchapter terminates under subparagraph (E) because of marriage, then, if such marriage ends, such annuity shall resume on the first day of the month in which it ends, but only if any lump sum paid is returned to the Fund, and that individual is not otherwise ineligible for such annuity."

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–556 inserted "(including any adjustment based on section 8340)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 applicable with respect to termination of marriage taking effect before, on, or after Sept. 30, 1996, except that benefits are payable only with respect to amounts accruing for periods beginning on first day of month beginning after the later of termination of marriage or Sept. 30, 1996, see section 101(f) [title VI, §633(b)] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

The annuity of a survivor named under section 8420(a) is 55 percent of the reduced annuity of the retired employee or Member determined under paragraph (2) of such section 8420(a). The annuity of the survivor commences on the day after the retired employee or Member dies. This annuity and the right thereto terminate on the last day of the month before the survivor dies.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 563.)

(a) Subject to subsections (b) through (e), a former spouse of a deceased employee, Member, or annuitant (or of a former employee or Member who dies after having separated from the service with title to a deferred annuity under section 8413 but before having established a valid claim for annuity) is entitled to an annuity under this section, if and to the extent expressly provided for in an election under section 8417(b), or in the terms of any decree of divorce or annulment or any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to such decree.

(b)(1) The annuity payable to a former spouse under this section may not exceed the difference between—

(A) the amount applicable in the case of such former spouse, as determined under paragraph (2); and

(B) the amount of any annuity payable under this section to any other former spouse of the employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, based on an election previously made under section 8417(b), or a court order previously issued or agreement previously entered into as described in subsection (a).

(2) The applicable amount, for purposes of paragraph (1)(A) in the case of a former spouse, is the amount of the annuity which would be payable under the provisions of section 8442 (including subsection (f) of such section, but without regard to subsection (h) of such section) if such former spouse were a widow or widower entitled to an annuity under such provisions based on the service of the deceased employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member.

(c) The commencement and termination of an annuity payable under this section shall be governed by the terms of the applicable order, decree, agreement, or election, as the case may be, except that any such annuity—

(1) shall not commence before—

(A) the day after the employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, dies; or

(B) the first day of the second month beginning after the date on which the Office receives written notice of the order, decree, agreement, or election, as the case may be, together with such additional information or documentation as the Office may prescribe;

whichever is later; and

(2) except as provided in subsection (h), shall terminate no later than the last day of the month before the former spouse remarries before becoming 55 years of age or dies.

(d) For purposes of this chapter, a modification in a decree, order, agreement, or election referred to in subsection (a) shall not be effective—

(1) if such modification is made after the retirement or death of the employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, concerned; and

(2) to the extent that such modification involves an annuity under this section.

(e) For purposes of this chapter, a decree, order, agreement, or election referred to in subsection (a) shall not be effective, in the case of a former spouse, to the extent that it is inconsistent with any joint waiver previously executed with respect to such former spouse under section 8416(a).

(f)(1) Any amount under section 8442(b)(1)(A) which would otherwise be payable to a widow or widower based on the service of another individual shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office to a former spouse of such individual if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of a court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of a court order or court-approved property settlement incident to any decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall apply only to payments made by the Office after the date of receipt in the Office of written notice of such decree, order, or agreement, and such additional information and documentation as the Office may prescribe.

(g) Any payment under this section to a person bars recovery by any other person.

(h)(1) Subsection (c)(2) (to the extent that it provides for termination of a survivor annuity because of a remarriage before age 55) shall not apply if the former spouse was married for at least 30 years to the individual on whose service the survivor annuity is based.

(2) A remarriage described in paragraph (1) shall not be taken into account for purposes of section 8419(b)(1)(B) or any other provision of this chapter which the Office may by regulation identify in order to carry out the purposes of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 564; amended Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §518(b)(2), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1308.)

**1997**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(b)(2)(B), substituted "except as provided in subsection (h), shall" for "shall".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–61, §518(b)(2)(A), added subsec. (h).

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable with respect to remarriages occurring on or after Jan. 1, 1995, see section 518(c) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

(a)(1)(A) An employee who completes at least 18 months of civilian service creditable under section 8411 and has become disabled shall be retired on the employee's own application or on application by the employee's agency.

(B) For purposes of this subsection, an employee shall be considered disabled only if the employee is found by the Office to be unable, because of disease or injury, to render useful and efficient service in the employee's position.

(2)(A) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an employee shall not be eligible for disability retirement under this section if the employee has declined a reasonable offer of reassignment to a vacant position in the employee's agency for which the employee is qualified if the position—

(i) is at the same grade (or pay level) as the employee's most recent grade (or pay level) or higher;

(ii) is within the employee's commuting area; and

(iii) is one in which the employee would be able to render useful and efficient service.

(B) An employee who is applying for disability retirement under this subchapter shall be considered for reassignment by the employee's agency to a vacant position described in subparagraph (A) in accordance with such procedures as the Office shall by regulation prescribe.

(C) An employee is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 any determination that the employee is not unable, because of disease or injury, to render useful and efficient service in a position to which the employee has declined reassignment under this section.

(D) For purposes of subparagraph (A), an employee of the United States Postal Service shall not be considered qualified for a position if such position is in a different craft or if reassignment to such position would be inconsistent with the terms of a collective-bargaining agreement covering the employee.

(b) A Member who completes at least 18 months of service as a Member and is found by the Office to be disabled for useful and efficient service as a Member because of disease or injury shall be retired on the Member's own application.

(c) An employee or Member retiring under this section is entitled to an annuity computed under section 8452.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 565.)

(a)(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraph (2), or subsection (b), (c), or (d), the annuity of an annuitant under this subchapter—

(i) for the period beginning on the date on which such annuity commences, or is restored (as described in section 8455(b)(2) or (3)), and ending at the end of the twelfth month beginning on or after such date, shall be equal to 60 percent of the annuitant's average pay; and

(ii) after the end of the period referred to in clause (i), shall be equal to 40 percent of the annuitant's average pay.

(B) An annuity computed under this paragraph—

(i) shall not, during any period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i), be adjusted under section 8462; but

(ii) shall, after the end of any period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i), be adjusted to reflect all adjustments made under section 8462(b) after the end of the period referred to in subparagraph (A)(i), whether the amount actually payable to the annuitant under this section in any month is determined under this subsection or otherwise.

(2)(A) For any month in which an annuitant is entitled both to an annuity under this subchapter as computed under paragraph (1) and to a disability insurance benefit under section 223 of the Social Security Act, the annuitant's annuity for such month (as so computed) shall—

(i) if such month occurs during a period referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i), be reduced by 100 percent of the annuitant's assumed disability insurance benefit for such month; or

(ii) if such month occurs other than during a period referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i), be reduced by 60 percent of the annuitant's assumed disability insurance benefit for such month;

except that an annuity may not be reduced below zero by reason of this paragraph.

(B)(i) For purposes of this paragraph, the assumed disability insurance benefit of an annuitant for any month shall be equal to—

(I) the amount of the disability insurance benefit to which the annuitant is entitled under section 223 of the Social Security Act for the month in which the annuity under this subchapter commences, or is restored, or, if no entitlement to such disability insurance benefits exists for such month, the first month thereafter for which the annuitant is entitled both to an annuity under this subchapter and disability insurance benefits under section 223 of the Social Security Act, adjusted by

(II) all adjustments made under section 8462(b) after the end of the period referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) (or, if later, after the end of the month preceding the first month for which the annuitant is entitled both to an annuity under this subchapter and disability insurance benefits under section 223 of the Social Security Act) and before the start of the month involved (without regard to whether the annuitant's annuity was affected by any of those adjustments).

(ii) For purposes of applying section 224 of the Social Security Act to the assumed disability insurance benefit used to compute the reduction under this paragraph, the amount of the annuity under this subchapter which is considered shall be the amount of the annuity as determined before the application of this paragraph.

(3) Section 8462 shall apply with respect to amounts under this subsection only as provided in paragraphs (1) and (2).

(b)(1) Except as provided in subsection (d), if an annuitant is entitled to an annuity under this subchapter as of the day before the date of the sixty-second anniversary of the annuitant's birth (hereinafter in this section referred to as the annuitant's "redetermination date"), such annuity shall be redetermined by the Office in accordance with paragraph (2). Effective as of the annuitant's redetermination date, the annuity (as so redetermined) shall be in lieu of any annuity to which such annuitant would otherwise be entitled under this subchapter.

(2)(A) An annuity redetermined under this subsection shall be equal to the amount of the annuity to which the annuitant would be entitled under section 8415, taking into account the provisions of subparagraph (B).

(B) In performing a computation under this paragraph—

(i) creditable service of an annuitant shall be increased by including any period (or periods) before the annuitant's redetermination date during which the annuitant was entitled to an annuity under this subchapter; and

(ii) the average pay which would otherwise be used shall be adjusted to reflect all adjustments made under section 8462(b) with respect to any period (or periods) referred to in clause (i) (without regard to whether the annuitant's annuity was affected by any of those adjustments).

(c) Except as provided in subsection (d), the annuity of an annuitant under this subchapter shall be computed under section 8415 if—

(1) such annuity commences, or is restored, beginning on or after the redetermination date of the annuitant; or

(2) as of the day on which such annuity commences, or is restored, the annuitant satisfies the age and service requirements for entitlement to an annuity under section 8412 (other than subsection (g) of such section).

(d)(1) The annuity to which an annuitant is entitled under this section (after the reduction under subsection (a)(2), if applicable, has been made) shall not be less than the amount of an annuity computed under section 8415 (excluding subsection (h) of such section).

(2) In applying this subsection with respect to any annuitant, the amount of an annuity so computed under section 8415 shall be adjusted under section 8462 (including subsection (c) thereof)—

(A) to the same extent, and otherwise in the same manner, as if it were an annuity—

(i) subject to adjustment under such section; and

(ii) with a commencement date coinciding with the date the annuitant's annuity commenced or was restored under this subchapter, as the case may be; and

(B) whether the amount actually payable to the annuitant under this section in any month is determined under this subsection or otherwise.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 566; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §§104, 106, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3131, 3132; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §122(a)–(c), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1753, 1754; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(b)(2)(B), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(c)(2)(B), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 200.)

Sections 223 and 224 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), are classified to sections 423 and 424a, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**2012**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–96 substituted "subsection (h)" for "subsection (g)".

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 108–176 substituted "subsection (g)" for "subsection (f)".

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–238, §122(c)(2)(A), amended subpar. (B) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (B) read as follows: "An annuity computed under this paragraph shall not, for purposes of any adjustment under section 8462 (including any adjustment under subsection (c)(1) of such section), be considered to have commenced until after such annuity ceases to be determined under subparagraph (A)(i)."

Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 100–238, §122(a), amended cl. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (i) read as follows: "For purposes of this paragraph, the assumed disability insurance benefit of an annuitant for any month shall be equal to—

"(I) the amount of the disability insurance benefit to which the annuitant would have been entitled under section 223 of the Social Security Act for the month in which the annuity under this subchapter commenced, or was restored, determined as if such annuitant had then satisfied all requirements for entitlement to a benefit under such section, adjusted by

"(II) all adjustments made under section 8462(b) between the date on which the annuity commenced, or was restored, and the start of the month involved (without regard to whether the annuitant's annuity was affected by any of those adjustments).

For purposes of computing the assumed disability insurance benefit, the month in which the annuitant's disability began (as determined under section 216(i)(2)(C) of the Social Security Act) shall be the month in which the annuity commenced or, if earlier (and if a determination was actually made) the month determined under such section."

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 100–238, §122(c)(2)(B), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–238, §122(b), amended subsec. (b) generally, substituting pars. (1) and (2) for former pars. (1) to (4).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–238, §122(c)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99–556, §106, substituted "(a)(1)(A)(i)" for "(a)(1)(A)" in second sentence.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–556, §104, inserted "(after the reduction under subsection (a)(2), if applicable, has been made)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Section 122(d) of Pub. L. 100–238 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective as of January 1, 1987, as if they had been enacted as part of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 (Public Law 99–335; 100 Stat. 514 and following)."

A claim may be allowed under this subchapter only if application is filed with the Office before the employee or Member is separated from the service or within 1 year thereafter. This time limitation may be waived by the Office for an employee or Member who, at the date of separation from service or within 1 year thereafter, is mentally incompetent if the application is filed with the Office within 1 year from the date of restoration of the employee or Member to competency or the appointment of a fiduciary, whichever is earlier.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 568.)

An annuitant receiving a disability retirement annuity from the Fund shall be examined under the direction of the Office—

(1) at the end of 1 year from the date of the disability retirement; and

(2) annually thereafter until becoming 60 years of age;

unless the disability is permanent in character. If the annuitant fails to submit to examination as required by this section, payment of the annuity shall be suspended until continuance of the disability is satisfactorily established.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 568.)

(a)(1) If an annuitant receiving a disability retirement annuity from the Fund recovers from the disability before becoming 60 years of age, payment of the annuity terminates on reemployment by the Government or 1 year after the date on which the Office determines that the annuitant has recovered, whichever is earlier.

(2) If an annuitant receiving a disability annuity from the Fund, before becoming 60 years of age, is restored to an earning capacity fairly comparable to the current rate of pay of the position occupied at the time of retirement, payment of the annuity terminates 180 days after the end of the calendar year in which earning capacity is so restored. Earning capacity is deemed restored if in any calendar year the income of the annuitant from wages or self-employment or both equals at least 80 percent of the current rate of pay of the position occupied immediately before retirement.

(b)(1) If an annuitant whose annuity is terminated under subsection (a) is not reemployed in a position in which that individual is subject to this chapter, such individual is deemed, except for service credit, to have been involuntarily separated from the service for the purpose of subchapter II of this chapter as of the date of termination of the disability annuity, and after that termination is entitled to annuity under the applicable provisions of such subchapter.

(2) If an annuitant whose annuity is terminated under subsection (a)(2)—

(A) is not reemployed in a position subject to this chapter; and

(B) has not recovered from the disability for which that individual was retired;

the annuity of such individual shall be restored at the applicable rate under section 8452 effective the first of the year following any calendar year in which such individual's income from wages or self-employment or both is less than 80 percent of the current rate of pay of the position occupied immediately before retirement.

(3) If an annuitant whose annuity is terminated because of a medical finding that the individual has recovered from disability is not reemployed in a position in which such individual is subject to this chapter, the annuity of such individual shall be restored at the applicable rate under section 8452 effective from the date on which the Office determines that there has been a recurrence of the disability.

(4) Paragraphs (2) and (3) shall not apply in the case of an annuitant receiving an annuity from the Fund under subchapter II of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 568.)

(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) or (3), an individual shall be retired under this subchapter if the individual—

(A) is separated from employment as a military reserve technician by reason of a disability that disqualifies the individual from membership in a reserve component of the Armed Forces specified in section 10101 of title 10 or from holding the military grade required for such employment;

(B) is not considered to be disabled under section 8451(a)(1)(B);

(C) is not appointed to a position in the Government (whether under subsection (b) or otherwise); and

(D) has not declined an offer of an appointment to a position in the Government under subsection (b).

(2) Payment of any annuity for an individual pursuant to this section terminates—

(A) on the date the individual is appointed to a position in the Government (whether pursuant to subsection (b) or otherwise);

(B) on the date the individual declines an offer of appointment to a position in the Government under subsection (b); or

(C) as provided under section 8455(a).

(3) An individual eligible to retire under section 8414(c) shall not be eligible to retire under this section.

(b) Any individual applying for or receiving any annuity pursuant to this section shall, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, be considered by any agency of the Government before any vacant position in the agency is filled if—

(1) the position is located within the commuting area of the individual's former position;

(2) the individual is qualified to serve in such position, as determined by the head of the agency; and

(3) the position is at the same grade or equivalent level as the position from which the individual was separated.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 570, §8457; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §118, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; renumbered §8456, Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §124(b)(1)(B), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1756; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, §1677(a)(4), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 3019.)

A prior section 8456, added Pub. L. 99–355, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 569, related to relationship between annuity and workers' compensation, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §124(b)(1)(A), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1756. See section 8464a of this title.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "section 10101" for "section 261(a)".

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–238 renumbered section 8457 of this title as this section.

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D), (2)(A), (B). Pub. L. 99–556 substituted "subsection (b)" for "subsection (c)".

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–337 effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

(a) The Office shall pay all benefits that are payable under subchapter II, IV, V, or VI of this chapter from the Fund.

(b) The Office shall administer all provisions of this chapter not specifically required to be administered by the Board, the Executive Director, the Secretary of Labor, or any other officer or agency.

(c) The Office shall adjudicate all claims under the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office.

(d) The Office shall determine questions of disability and dependency arising under the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office. Except to the extent provided under subsection (e), the decisions of the Office concerning these matters are final and conclusive and are not subject to review. The Office may direct at any time such medical or other examinations as it considers necessary to determine the facts concerning disability or dependency of an individual receiving or applying for annuity under the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office. The Office may suspend or deny annuity for failure to submit to examination.

(e)(1) Subject to paragraph (2), an administrative action or order affecting the rights or interests of an individual or of the United States under the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office may be appealed to the Merit Systems Protection Board under procedures prescribed by the Board.

(2) In the case of any individual found by the Office to be disabled in whole or in part on the basis of the individual's mental condition, and that finding was made pursuant to an application by an agency for purposes of disability retirement under section 8451, the procedures under section 7701 shall apply and the decision of the Board shall be subject to judicial review under section 7703.

(f) The Office shall fix the fees for examinations made under subchapter V of this chapter by physicians or surgeons who are not medical officers of the United States. The fees and reasonable traveling and other expenses incurred in connection with the examinations are paid from appropriations for the cost of administering the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office.

(g) The Office may prescribe regulations to carry out the provisions of this chapter administered by the Office.

(h)(1) Each Government agency shall furnish the Director with such information as the Director determines necessary in order to administer this chapter.

(2) The Director, in consultation with the officials from whom such information is requested, shall establish (by regulation or otherwise) such safeguards as are necessary to ensure that information made available under this subsection is used only for the purpose authorized.

(i) In making a determination of "actuarial equivalence" under this chapter, the economic assumptions used shall be the same as the economic assumptions most recently used by the Office (before the determination of actuarial equivalence involved) in determining the normal-cost percentage of the System.

(j)(1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the Director of Central Intelligence shall, in a manner consistent with the administration of this chapter by the Office, and to the extent considered appropriate by the Director of Central Intelligence—

(A) determine entitlement to benefits under this chapter based on the service of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency;

(B) maintain records relating to the service of such employees;

(C) compute benefits under this chapter based on the service of such employees;

(D) collect deposits to the Fund made by such employees, their spouses, their former spouses, and their survivors;

(E) authorize and direct disbursements from the Fund to the extent based on service of such employees; and

(F) perform such other functions under this chapter (other than under subchapters III and VII of this chapter) with respect to employees of the Central Intelligence Agency as the Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, determines to be appropriate.

(2) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall furnish such information and, on a reimbursable basis, such services to the Director of Central Intelligence as the Director of Central Intelligence requests to carry out paragraph (1).

(k)(1) The Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, may—

(A) maintain exclusive records relating to elections, contributions, and accounts under the Thrift Savings Plan provided in subchapter III of this chapter in the case of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency;

(B) provide that contributions by, or on behalf of, such employees to the Thrift Savings Plan be accounted for by such Executive Director in aggregate amounts;

(C) make the necessary disbursements from, and the necessary allocations of earnings, losses, and charges to, individual accounts of such employees under the Thrift Savings Plan; and

(D) perform such other functions under subchapters III and VII of this chapter (but not including investing sums in the Thrift Savings Fund) with respect to employees of the Central Intelligence Agency as the Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, determines to be appropriate.

(2) The Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board may not exercise authority under this chapter in the case of employees of the Central Intelligence Agency to the extent that the Director of Central Intelligence exercises authority provided in paragraph (1).

(3) The Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board shall furnish such information and, on a reimbursable basis, such services to the Director of Central Intelligence as the Director of Central Intelligence determines necessary to carry out this subsection.

(l) Subsection (h)(1), and sections 8439(b) and 8474(c)(4), shall be applied with respect to information relating to employees of the Central Intelligence Agency in a manner that protects intelligence sources, methods, and activities.

(m)(1) The Director of Central Intelligence, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the Executive Director of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, shall by regulation prescribe appropriate procedures to carry out subsections (j), (k), and (l).

(2) The regulations shall provide procedures for the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to inspect and audit disbursements from the Fund under this chapter.

(3) The Director of Central Intelligence shall submit the regulations prescribed under paragraph (1) to the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives before the regulations take effect.

(n)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, an employee who—

(A) has not previously made an election under this subsection or had an opportunity to make an election under this paragraph; and

(B) moves, without a break in service of more than 1 year, to employment in a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively, described in section 2105(c),

shall be given the opportunity to elect irrevocably, within 30 days after such move, to remain covered as an employee under this chapter during any employment described in section 2105(c) after such move.

(2) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard described in section 2105(c), who—

(A) has not previously made an election under this subsection or had an opportunity to make an election under this paragraph;

(B) is a participant in a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c);

(C) moves, without a break in service of more than 1 year, to a position that is not described by section 2105(c); and

(D) is not eligible to make an election under section 8347(q),

shall be given the opportunity to elect irrevocably, within 30 days after such move, to remain covered, during any subsequent employment as an employee as defined by section 2105(a) or section 2105(c), by the retirement system applicable to such employee's current or most recent employment described by section 2105(c) rather than be subject to this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 570; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §102, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3131; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(k)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–339; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(71), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1043(a)(2), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 434; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title XI, §1131(b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1242.)

**2001**—Subsec. (n)(1). Pub. L. 107–107, §1131(b)(1), inserted "and" at end of subpar. (A), redesignated subpar. (C) as (B), and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: "has 5 or more years of civilian service creditable under this chapter; and".

Subsec. (n)(2)(B). Pub. L. 107–107, §1131(b)(2), struck out "vested" before "participant in a retirement system" and struck out ", as the term 'vested participant' is defined by such system" before semicolon at end.

**1996**—Subsec. (n)(1). Pub. L. 104–106, §1043(a)(2)(A), struck out "of the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard" after "an employee" in introductory provisions and substituted "1 year" for "3 days" in subpar. (C).

Subsec. (n)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–106, §1043(a)(2)(B), substituted "1 year" for "3 days" and struck out "in the Department of Defense or the Coast Guard, respectively," after "to a position".

**1992**—Subsec. (n)(1)(A), (2)(A). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(71)(A), amended subpars. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (A) read as follows: "has not previously made or had an opportunity to make an election under this subsection;".

Subsec. (n)(2)(D). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(71)(B), substituted "8347(q)" for "8347(p)".

**1990**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (n).

**1986**—Subsec. (m)(2). Pub. L. 99–556 struck out ", and from the Thrift Savings Fund," after "from the Fund".

Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

For effective date of amendments by Pub. L. 104–106, see Regulations; Effective Date of 1996 Amendment note below.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

For provisions relating to promulgation of regulations necessary to carry out amendment by Pub. L. 104–106, and effective date of such amendment in connection with those regulations, see section 1043(b), (c) of Pub. L. 104–106, set out as a note under section 8347 of this title.

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

For provisions relating to the deductions and contributions required with respect to individuals electing under section 8347(q) or 8461(n) of this title to remain covered under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, chapter 84 of this title, or a retirement system for employees described in section 2105(c) of this title, see section 7202(n) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "base quarter", as used with respect to a year, means the calendar quarter ending on September 30 of such year;

(2) the price index for a base quarter is the arithmetical mean of such index for the 3 months comprising such quarter; and

(3) the term "percent change in the price index", as used with respect to a year, means the percentage derived by—

(A) reducing—

(i) the price index for the base quarter of such year, by

(ii) the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made;

(B) dividing the difference under subparagraph (A) by the price index referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii); and

(C) multiplying the quotient under subparagraph (B) by 100.

(b)(1) Except as provided in subsection (c), effective December 1 of any year in which an adjustment under this subsection is to be made, as determined under paragraph (2), each annuity payable from the Fund under this chapter (other than an annuity under section 8443) having a commencing date not later than such December 1 shall be adjusted as follows:

(A) If the percent change in the price index for the year does not exceed 3 percent, each annuity subject to adjustment under this subsection shall be increased by the lesser of—

(i) the percent change in the price index (rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent); or

(ii) 2 percent.

(B) If the percent change in the price index for the year exceeds 3 percent, each annuity subject to adjustment under this subsection shall be increased by the excess of—

(i) the percent change in the price index (rounded to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent), over

(ii) 1 percent.

(2) An adjustment under this subsection shall be made in a year only if the price index for the base quarter of such year exceeds the price index for the base quarter of the preceding year in which an adjustment under this subsection was made.

(3) An annuity under this chapter shall not be subject to adjustment under section 8340. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall affect the computation of any amount under section 8443(a)(2).

(c) Eligibility for an annuity increase under this section is governed by the commencing date of each annuity payable from the Fund as of the effective date of an increase, except as follows:

(1) The first increase (if any) made under subsection (b) to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to an annuitant or survivor (other than a child under section 8443) whose annuity has not been increased under this subsection or subsection (b) shall be equal to the product (adjusted to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent) of—

(A) one-twelfth of the applicable percent change computed under subsection (b), multiplied by

(B) the number of months (not to exceed 12 months, counting any portion of a month as a month)—

(i) for which the annuity was payable from the Fund before the effective date of the increase; or

(ii) in the case of a survivor of a deceased annuitant whose annuity has not been so increased, since the annuity was first payable to the deceased annuitant.

(2) Effective from its commencing date, an annuity payable from the Fund to an annuitant's survivor (other than a widow or widower whose annuity is computed under section 8442(g) or a child under section 8443) shall be increased by the total percentage by which the deceased annuitant's annuity had been increased under this section during the period beginning on the date the deceased annuitant's annuity commenced and ending on the date of the deceased annuitant's death.

(3)(A) An adjustment under subsection (b) for any year shall not be effective with respect to the annuity of an annuitant who is under 62 years of age as of the date on which such adjustment would otherwise first take effect.

(B)(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), this paragraph applies only with respect to an annuitant under section 8412, 8413, or 8414.

(ii) This paragraph does not apply with respect to an annuitant under subsection (d)(1) or (e) of section 8412 or (in the case of an annuitant separated from service as a military reserve technician as a result of disability) under section 8414(c).

(4) The first increase (if any) made under subsection (b) to an annuity which is payable from the Fund to a widow or widower whose annuity is computed under section 8442(g) shall be equal to the product (adjusted to the nearest one-tenth of 1 percent) of—

(A) one-twelfth of the applicable percent change computed under subsection (b), multiplied by

(B) the number of months (not to exceed 12 months, counting any portion of a month as a month) since—

(i) the effective date of the adjustment last made under this section in the annuity of the annuitant on whose service on the widow's or widower's annuity is based; or

(ii) if the annuity of the annuitant (referred to in clause (i)) has not been increased under this section, the commencement date of such annuitant's annuity (determined subject to section 8452(a)(1)(B)).

(d) The monthly installment of an annuity after adjustment under this section shall be rounded to the next lowest dollar. However, the monthly installment shall, after adjustment, reflect an increase of at least $1.

(e) The $15,000 amount referred to in section 8442(b)(1)(A)(ii) shall be increased at the same time that, and by the same percent as the percentage by which, annuities under subchapter III of chapter 83 are increased.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 572; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §117(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3134; Pub. L. 117–225, §3(b)(2)(A)(vi), Dec. 9, 2022, 136 Stat. 2296.)

For provisions relating to delayed applicability of amendment by Pub. L. 117–225, see Effective Date of 2022 Amendment note set out under section 8336 of this title.

**2022**—Subsec. (c)(3)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 117–225 inserted "(1)" after "subsection (d)".

**1986**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 99–556 inserted provision relating to the computation of any amount under section 8443(a)(2).

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–225 effective Dec. 9, 2022, and applicable to an individual who suffers an illness or injury described in certain Code provisions on or after the date that is 2 years after Dec. 9, 2022, see section 3(f) of Pub. L. 117–225, set out as a note under section 8336 of this title.

Any cost-of-living increase scheduled to take effect during fiscal year 1994, 1995, or 1996 under subsec. (b) of this section delayed until first day of third calendar month after date such increase would otherwise take effect, see section 11001 of Pub. L. 103–66, set out as a note under section 8340 of this title.

Each annuity payable from the Fund is stated as an annual amount, one-twelfth of which, rounded to the next lower dollar, constitutes the monthly rate payable on the first business day of the first month beginning after the month for which it has accrued.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 574.)

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter—

(A) an annuity payable from the Fund commences on the first day of the month after—

(i) separation from the service, in the case of an employee or Member retiring under section 8412, or subsection (a), (b)(1)(B), or (d) of section 8414; or

(ii) pay ceases, and the applicable age and service requirements are met, in the case of an employee or Member retiring under section 8413;

(B) an annuity payable from the Fund commences on the day after separation from the service in the case of an employee retiring under subsection (b)(1)(A) or (c) of section 8414; and

(C) an annuity payable from the Fund commences on the day after separation from the service or the day after pay ceases and the requirements for title to an annuity are met in the case of an employee or Member retiring under section 8451.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1)(A)(i), an annuity payable from the Fund commences on the day after separation from the service in the case of an employee or Member—

(A) who retires under section 8412; and

(B) whose separation occurs upon the expiration of a term (or other period) for which the individual was appointed or elected.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the annuity of an annuitant under subchapter II or V of this chapter terminates on the date death or other terminating event occurs.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 574; amended Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title XI, §1109(c)(2), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2145; Pub. L. 106–58, title VI, §651(b), Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 480; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1152(c)(2)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–323; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(f)(2), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1228.)

**2001**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 107–107 amended directory language of Pub. L. 106–398. See 2000 Amendment note below.

**2000**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 106–398, as amended by Pub. L. 107–107, substituted ", (b)(1)(B), or (d)" for "or (b)(1)(B)".

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 106–58 repealed Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(c)(2). See 1998 Amendment note below.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–261, §1109(c)(2), which directed substitution of ", (b)(1)(B), or (d)" for "or (b)(1)(B)", was repealed by Pub. L. 106–58.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(f), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1228, provided that the amendment made by section 1048(f)(2) is effective as of Oct. 30, 2000, and as if included in the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001, as enacted into law by Pub. L. 106–398.

(a)(1) An individual is not entitled to receive—

(A) an annuity under subchapter II or V, and

(B) compensation for injury to, or disability of, such individual under subchapter I of chapter 81, other than compensation payable under section 8107,

covering the same period of time.

(2) An individual is not entitled to receive an annuity under subchapter IV and a concurrent benefit under subchapter I of chapter 81 on account of the death of the same person.

(3) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not bar the right of a claimant to the greater benefit conferred by either this chapter or subchapter I of chapter 81.

(b) If an individual is entitled to an annuity under subchapter II, IV, or V, and the individual receives a lump-sum payment for compensation under section 8135 based on the disability or death of the same person, so much of the compensation as has been paid for a period extended beyond the date payment of the annuity commences, as determined by the Department of Labor, shall be refunded to that Department for credit to the Employees' Compensation Fund. Before the individual may receive the annuity, the individual shall—

(1) refund to the Department of Labor the amount representing the commuted compensation payments for the extended period; or

(2) authorize the deduction of the amount from the annuity.

Deductions from the annuity may be made from accrued or accruing payments. The amounts deducted and withheld from the annuity shall be transmitted to the Department of Labor for reimbursement to the Employees' Compensation Fund. When the Department of Labor finds that the financial circumstances of an individual entitled to an annuity under subchapter II, IV, or V warrant deferred refunding, deductions from the annuity may be prorated against and paid from accruing payments in such manner as the Department determines appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §124(a)(1)(B), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1755.)

Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 8456 of this title prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–238.

Section effective Jan. 1, 1987, and applicable with respect to benefits payable based on a death or disability occurring on or after that date, see section 124(c) of Pub. L. 100–238 set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 8337 of this title.

(a) An individual entitled to an annuity payable from the Fund may decline to accept all or any part of the amount of the annuity by a waiver signed and filed with the Office. The waiver may be revoked in writing at any time. Payment of the annuity waived may not be made for the period during which the waiver is in effect.

(b) An individual entitled to an annuity payable from the Fund may make allotments or assignments of amounts from the annuity for such purposes as the Office considers appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 575.)

(a) No payment of benefits based on the service of an employee or Member shall be made from the Fund unless an application for payment of the benefits is received by the Office before the one hundred and fifteenth anniversary of the birth of the employee or Member.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), after the death of an employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, a benefit based on the service of such employee, Member, or annuitant, or former employee or Member, shall not be paid under subchapter II or IV of this chapter unless an application therefor is received by the Office within 30 years after the death or other event which establishes the entitlement to the benefit.

(c)(1) Payment due a minor, or an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability, may be made to the person (including an organization) who is constituted guardian or other fiduciary by the law of the State of residence of the claimant or is otherwise legally vested with the care of the claimant or his estate. If a guardian or other fiduciary of the individual under legal disability has not been appointed under the law of the State of residence of the claimant, payment may be made to any person (including an organization) who, in the judgment of the Office, is responsible for the care of the claimant and may appropriately receive such payments on behalf of the claimant, and the payment bars recovery by any other person.

(2) If the Office determines that direct payment of a benefit to an individual mentally incompetent or under other legal disability would cause substantial harm to the individual, the Office may defer or suspend direct payment of the benefit until such time as the appointment of a representative payee is made. The Office shall resume payment as soon as practicable, including all amounts due.

(d) The Office may not authorize a person to receive payments on behalf of a minor or individual of legal disability under subsection (c) if that person has been convicted of a violation of—

(1) section 8345a or 8466a;

(2) section 208 or 1632 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 408, 1383a); or

(3) section 6101 of title 38.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 575; amended Pub. L. 116–126, §2(c)(2), (d)(2), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 176.)

**2020**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–126, §2(c)(2), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted "(including an organization)" after "to the person" and after "to any person", inserted "and may appropriately receive such payments on behalf of the claimant" after "care of the claimant", and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–126, §2(d)(2), added subsec. (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 effective on Mar. 18, 2020, and applicable on and after the effective date of regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) of Pub. L. 116–126, see sections 4 and 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out respectively as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note and a Regulations note under section 8331 of this title.

Regulations to carry out amendment by Pub. L. 116–126 to be promulgated by Office of Personnel Management no later than 1 year after Mar. 18, 2020, with allowance for additional regulations relating to administration of representative payee program, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) revoke the certification for payment of benefits to the representative payee; and

(B) certify payment—

(i) to another representative payee; or

(ii) if the interest of the individual under this title would be served thereby, to the individual.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 116–126, §2(b)(2), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 175.)

Section effective on Mar. 18, 2020, and applicable on and after the effective date of regulations promulgated under section 3(b)(1) of Pub. L. 116–126, see sections 4 and 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out respectively as an Effective Date of 2020 Amendment note and a Regulations note under section 8331 of this title.

Regulations to carry out this section to be promulgated by Office of Personnel Management no later than 1 year after Mar. 18, 2020, with allowance for additional regulations relating to administration of representative payee program, see section 3(b) of Pub. L. 116–126, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

(a) Payments under this chapter which would otherwise be made to an employee, Member, or annuitant (including an employee, Member, or annuitant as defined in section 8331) based on service of that individual shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office or the Executive Director, as the case may be, to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of—

(1) any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation; or

(2) any court order or other similar process in the nature of garnishment for the enforcement of a judgment rendered against such employee, Member, or annuitant, for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child.

In the event that the Office or the Executive Director, as the case may be, is served with more than 1 decree, order, or other legal process with respect to the same moneys due or payable to any individual, such moneys shall be available to satisfy such processes on a first-come, first-served basis, with any such process being satisfied out of such moneys as remain after the satisfaction of all such processes which have been previously served.

(b) Subsection (a) shall apply only to payments made by the Office or the Executive Director under this chapter after the date on which the Office or the Executive Director (as the case may be) receives written notice of such decree, order, other legal process, or agreement, and such additional information and documentation as the Office or the Executive Director may require.

(c) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "judgment rendered for physically, sexually, or emotionally abusing a child" means any legal claim perfected through a final enforceable judgment, which claim is based in whole or in part upon the physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of a child, whether or not that abuse is accompanied by other actionable wrongdoing, such as sexual exploitation or gross negligence; and

(2) the term "child" means an individual under 18 years of age.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 575; amended Pub. L. 103–358, §2(b)(1)–(3), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3421.)

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(b)(1), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: "Payments under this chapter which would otherwise be made to an employee, Member, or annuitant (including an employee, Member, or annuitant as defined under section 8331) based on the service of that individual shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office or the Executive Director (as the case may be), to another person if and to the extent that the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation expressly provide. Any payment under this subsection to a person bars recovery by any other person."

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(b)(2), inserted "other legal process," after "order,".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–358, §2(b)(3), added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–358 effective Oct. 14, 1994, and applicable with respect to any decree, order, or other legal process, or notice of agreement received by Office of Personnel Management or Executive Director of Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board on or after Oct. 14, 1994, see section 3 of Pub. L. 103–358, set out as a note under section 8345 of this title.

(a) If an annuitant, except a disability annuitant whose annuity is terminated because of the annuitant's recovery or restoration of earning capacity, becomes employed in an appointive or elective position, an amount equal to the annuity allocable to the period of actual employment shall be deducted from the annuitant's pay, except for lump-sum leave payment purposes under section 5551. Unless the annuitant's appointment is on an intermittent basis or is to a position as a justice or judge (as defined by section 451 of title 28) or as an employee subject to another retirement system for Government employees, or unless the annuitant is serving as President, deductions for the Fund shall be withheld from the annuitant's pay under section 8422(a) and contributions under section 8423 shall be made. The deductions and contributions referred to in the preceding provisions of this subsection shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Fund. The annuitant's lump-sum credit may not be reduced by annuity paid during the reemployment.

(b)(1)(A) If an annuitant subject to deductions under the second sentence of subsection (a) serves on a full-time basis for at least 1 year, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 1 year of full-time service, the annuitant's annuity on termination of reemployment shall be increased by an annuity computed under section 8415(a) through (i) as may apply based on the period of reemployment and the basic pay, before deduction, averaged during the reemployment.

(B)(i) If the annuitant is receiving a reduced annuity as provided in section 8419, the increase in annuity payable under subparagraph (A) is reduced by 10 percent and the survivor annuity or combination of survivor annuities payable under section 8442 or 8445 (or both) is increased by 50 percent of the increase in annuity payable under subparagraph (A), unless, at the time of claiming the increase payable under subparagraph (A), the annuitant notifies the Office in writing that the annuitant does not desire the survivor annuity to be increased.

(ii) If an annuitant who is subject to the deductions referred to in subparagraph (A) dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for not less than 1 year of full-time service (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of full-time 1 employment), the survivor annuity payable is increased as though the reemployment had otherwise terminated.

(2)(A) If an annuitant subject to deductions under the second sentence of subsection (a) serves on a full-time basis for at least 5 years, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to at least 5 years of full-time service, the annuitant may elect, instead of the benefit provided by paragraph (1), to have such annuitant's rights redetermined under this chapter.

(B) If an annuitant who is subject to the deductions referred to in subparagraph (A) dies while still reemployed, after having been reemployed for at least 5 years of full-time service (or the equivalent thereof in the case of part-time employment), any person entitled to a survivor annuity under section 8442 or 8445 based on the service of such annuitant shall be permitted to elect, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, to have such person's rights under subchapter IV redetermined. A redetermined survivor annuity elected under this subparagraph shall be in lieu of an increased annuity which would otherwise be payable in accordance with paragraph (1)(B)(ii).

(3) If an annuitant subject to deductions under the second sentence of subsection (a) serves on a full-time basis for a period of less than 1 year, or on a part-time basis for periods equivalent to less than 1 year of full-time service, the total amount withheld under section 8422(a) from the annuitant's basic pay for the period or periods involved shall, upon written application to the Office, be payable to the annuitant (or the appropriate survivor or survivors, determined in the order set forth in section 8424(d)).

(c) This section does not apply to an individual appointed to serve as a Governor of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service.

(d) If an annuitant becomes employed as a justice or judge of the United States, as defined by section 451 of title 28, the annuitant may, at any time prior to resignation or retirement from regular active service as such a justice or judge, apply for and be paid, in accordance with section 8424(a), the amount (if any) by which the lump-sum credit exceeds the total annuity paid, notwithstanding the time limitation contained in such section for filing an application for payment.

(e) A reference in this section to an "annuity" shall not be considered to include any amount payable from a source other than the Fund.

(f)(1) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may, at the request of the head of an Executive agency—

(A) waive the application of the preceding provisions of this section on a case-by-case basis for employees in positions for which there is exceptional difficulty in recruiting or retaining a qualified employee; or

(B) grant authority to the head of such agency to waive the application of the preceding provisions of this section, on a case-by-case basis, for an employee serving on a temporary basis, but only if, and for so long as, the authority is necessary due to an emergency involving a direct threat to life or property or other unusual circumstances.

(2) The Office shall prescribe regulations for the exercise of any authority under this subsection, including criteria for any exercise of authority and procedures for terminating a delegation of authority under paragraph (1)(B).

(g)(1) If warranted by circumstances described in subsection (f)(1)(A) or (B) (as applicable), the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts shall, with respect to an employee in the judicial branch, have the same waiver authority as would be available to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or a duly authorized agency head, under subsection (f) with respect to an employee of an Executive agency.

(2) Authority under this subsection may not be exercised with respect to a justice or judge of the United States, as defined in section 451 of title 28.

(h)(1) If warranted by circumstances described in subsection (f)(1)(A) or (B) (as applicable), an official or committee designated in paragraph (2) shall, with respect to the employees specified in the applicable subparagraph of such paragraph, have the same waiver authority as would be available to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or a duly authorized agency head, under subsection (f) with respect to an employee of an Executive agency.

(2) Authority under this subsection may be exercised—

(A) with respect to an employee of an agency in the legislative branch, by the head of such agency;

(B) with respect to an employee of the House of Representatives, by the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives; and

(C) with respect to an employee of the Senate, by the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate.

(3) Any exercise of authority under this subsection shall be in conformance with such written policies and procedures as the agency head, the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives, or the Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate (as applicable) shall prescribe, consistent with the provisions of this subsection.

(4) For the purpose of this subsection, "agency in the legislative branch", "employee of the House of Representatives", "employee of the Senate", and "congressional employee" each has the meaning given to it in section 5531 of this title.

(i)(1) For purposes of this subsection—

(A) the term "head of an agency" means—

(i) the head of an Executive agency, other than the Department of Defense or the Government Accountability Office;

(ii) the head of the United States Postal Service;

(iii) the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts, with respect to employees of the judicial branch; and

(iv) any employing authority described under subsection (h)(2), other than the Government Accountability Office; and

(B) the term "limited time appointee" means an annuitant appointed under a temporary appointment limited to 1 year or less.

(2) The head of an agency may waive the application of subsection (a) with respect to any annuitant who is employed in such agency as a limited time appointee, if the head of the agency determines that the employment of the annuitant is necessary to—

(A) fulfill functions critical to the mission of the agency, or any component of that agency;

(B) assist in the implementation or oversight of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111–5) or the Troubled Asset Relief Program under title I of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (12 U.S.C. 5201 et seq.);

(C) assist in the development, management, or oversight of agency procurement actions;

(D) assist the Inspector General for that agency in the performance of the mission of that Inspector General;

(E) promote appropriate training or mentoring programs of employees;

(F) assist in the recruitment or retention of employees; or

(G) respond to an emergency involving a direct threat to life of property or other unusual circumstances.

(3) The head of an agency may not waive the application of subsection (a) with respect to an annuitant—

(A) for more than 520 hours of service performed by that annuitant during the period ending 6 months following the individual's annuity commencing date;

(B) for more than 1040 hours of service performed by that annuitant during any 12-month period; or

(C) for more than a total of 3120 hours of service performed by that annuitant.

(4)(A) The total number of annuitants to whom a waiver by the head of an agency under this subsection or section 8344(l) applies may not exceed 2.5 percent of the total number of full-time employees of that agency.

(B) If the total number of annuitants to whom a waiver by the head of an agency under this subsection or section 8344(l) applies exceeds 1 percent of the total number of full-time employees of that agency, the head of that agency shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives, and the Office of Personnel Management—

(i) a report with an explanation that justifies the need for the waivers in excess of that percentage; and

(ii) not later than 180 days after submitting the report under clause (i), a succession plan.

(5)(A) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may promulgate regulations providing for the administration of this subsection.

(B) Any regulations promulgated under subparagraph (A) may—

(i) provide standards for the maintenance and form of necessary records of employment under this subsection;

(ii) to the extent not otherwise expressly prohibited by law, require employing agencies to provide records of such employment to the Office or other employing agencies as necessary to ensure compliance with paragraph (3);

(iii) authorize other administratively convenient periods substantially equivalent to 12 months, such as 26 pay periods, to be used in determining compliance with paragraph (3)(B);

(iv) include such other administrative requirements as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management may find appropriate to provide for effective operation of, or to ensure compliance with, this subsection; and

(v) encourage the training and mentoring of employees by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection.

(6)(A) Any hours of training or mentoring of employees by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection shall not be included in the hours of service performed for purposes of paragraph (3), but those hours of training or mentoring may not exceed 520 hours.

(B) If the primary service performed by any limited time appointee employed under this subsection is training or mentoring of employees, the hours of that service shall be included in the hours of service performed for purposes of paragraph (3).

(7) The authority of the head of an agency under this subsection to waive the application of subsection (a) shall terminate on December 31, 2024.

(j)(1) For the purpose of subsections (f) through (i), "Executive agency" shall not include the Government Accountability Office.

(2) An employee as to whom a waiver under subsection (f), (g), (h), or (i) is in effect shall not be considered an employee for purposes of this chapter or chapter 83 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 576; amended Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §134(a), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1762; Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §108(c)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1450; Pub. L. 101–510, div. A, title XII, §1206(j)(3), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1664; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title VI, §655(c), Dec. 5, 1991, 105 Stat. 1392; Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1359; Pub. L. 105–55, title I, §107, Oct. 7, 1997, 111 Stat. 1184; Pub. L. 105–61, title V, §516(a)(9), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1307; Pub. L. 108–176, title II, §226(b)(2)(C), Dec. 12, 2003, 117 Stat. 2530; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1122(b), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2507; Pub. L. 112–96, title V, §5001(c)(2)(C), Feb. 22, 2012, 126 Stat. 200; Pub. L. 113–291, div. A, title XI, §1107(b), Dec. 19, 2014, 128 Stat. 3527; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1117(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1605.)

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 111–5, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 115. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2009 Amendment note set out under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and Tables.

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (i)(2)(B), is div. A of Pub. L. 110–343, Oct. 3, 2008, 122 Stat. 3765. Title I of the Act is classified principally to subchapter I (§5211 et seq.) of chapter 52 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5201 of Title 12 and Tables.

**2019**—Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "December 31, 2024" for "December 31, 2019".

**2014**—Subsec. (i)(7). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted "on December 31, 2019" for "5 years after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010".

**2012**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 112–96 substituted "section 8415(a) through (i)" for "section 8415(a) through (h)".

**2009**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(b)(2), added subsec. (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (i) as (j).

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(b)(3)(A), substituted "(i)" for "(h)".

Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 111–84, §1122(b)(3)(B), substituted "(h), or (i)" for "or (h)".

**2004**—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**2003**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 108–176 substituted "through (h)" for "through (g)".

**1997**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–61 substituted "through (g)" for "through (f)".

Subsec. (h)(2)(B), (3). Pub. L. 105–55 substituted "the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives" for "the Speaker of the House of Representatives".

**1992**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–378 repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(3). See 1990 Amendment note below.

**1991**—Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 102–190, §655(c)(2), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: "An employee to whom a waiver under subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (1) applies shall not be deemed an employee for the purposes of chapter 83 or this chapter while such waiver is in effect."

Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 102–190, §655(c)(1), added subsecs. (g) to (i).

**1990**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(3), added a subsec. (f) identical to that added by Pub. L. 101–509, see below. Pub. L. 102–378, §8(a), repealed Pub. L. 101–510, §1206(j)(3), and provided that this title shall read as if section 1206(j)(3) had not been enacted.

Pub. L. 101–509 added subsec. (f).

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–238 amended section generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) for former subsecs. (a) to (c).

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on House Oversight of House of Representatives changed to Committee on House Administration of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Sixth Congress, Jan. 6, 1999.

Amendment by Pub. L. 113–291 effective as of Oct. 28, 2014, see section 1107(c) of Pub. L. 113–291, set out as a note under section 8344 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–176 effective on 60th day after Dec. 12, 2003, and applicable with respect to any annuity entitlement based on an individual's separation from service occurring on or after such effective date, and any service performed by any such individual before, on, or after such effective date, subject to special rule relating to deposit requirement, see section 226(c) of Pub. L. 108–176, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–61 applicable to any annuity commencing before, on, or after Oct. 10, 1997, and effective with regard to any payment made after the first month following Oct. 10, 1997, see section 516(b) of Pub. L. 105–61, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, see section 9(b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as an Effective Date of 1990 Amendment note under section 5301 of this title.

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §134(d), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1765, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Nothing in amendment by section 1122 of Pub. L. 111–84 to be construed to authorize the waiver of the hiring preferences under chapter 33 of this title in selecting annuitants to employ in an appointive or elective position, see section 1122(c) of Pub. L. 111–84, set out as a note under section 8344 of this title.

Each agency in legislative branch to submit to Speaker of House of Representatives and Committee on Rules and Administration of Senate, for each calendar year, a written report on how authority made available as result of amendment by Pub. L. 102–190 was used by such agency during the period covered by such report, see section 655(d) of Pub. L. 102–190, set out as a note under section 8344 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be "part-time".

(a) The Office shall, in accordance with this section, enter into an agreement with any State within 120 days of a request for agreement from the proper State official. The agreement shall provide that the Office shall withhold State income tax in the case of the monthly annuity of any annuitant who voluntarily requests, in writing, such withholding. The amounts withheld during any calendar quarter shall be held in the Fund and disbursed to the States during the month following that calendar quarter.

(b) An annuitant may have in effect at any time only one request for withholding under this section, and an annuitant may not have more than two such requests in effect during any one calendar year.

(c) Subject to subsection (b), an annuitant may change the State designated by that annuitant for purposes of having withholdings made, and may request that the withholdings be remitted in accordance with such change. An annuitant also may revoke any request of that annuitant for withholding. Any change in the State designated or revocation is effective on the first day of the month after the month in which the request or the revocation is processed by the Office, but in no event later than on the first day of the second month beginning after the day on which such request or revocation is received by the Office.

(d) This section does not give the consent of the United States to the application of a statute which imposes more burdensome requirements on the United States than on employers generally, or which subjects the United States or any annuitant to a penalty or liability because of this section. The Office may not accept pay from a State for services performed in withholding State income taxes from annuities. Any amount erroneously withheld from an annuity and paid to a State by the Office shall be repaid by the State in accordance with regulations issued by the Office.

(e) For the purpose of this section—

(1) the term "State" means a State, the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States; and

(2) the term "annuitant" includes a survivor who is receiving an annuity from the Fund.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 576.)

(a) An amount payable under subchapter II, IV, or V of this chapter is not assignable, either in law or equity, except under the provisions of section 8465 or 8467, or subject to execution, levy, attachment, garnishment or other legal process, except as otherwise may be provided by Federal laws.

(b) Recovery of payments under subchapter II, IV, or V of this chapter may not be made from an individual when, in the judgment of the Office, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. Withholding or recovery of money paid under subchapter II, IV, or V of this chapter on account of a certification or payment made by a former employee of the United States in the discharge of his official duties may be made only if the head of the agency on behalf of which the certification or payment was made certifies to the Office that the certification or payment involved fraud on the part of the former employee.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 577.)

For the purposes of this subchapter—

(1) the term "beneficiary" means an individual (other than a participant) entitled to payment from the Thrift Savings Fund under subchapter III of this chapter;

(2) the term "Council" means the Employee Thrift Advisory Council established under section 8473 of this title;

(3) the term "participant" means an individual for whom an account has been established under section 8439 of this title;

(4) the term "person" means an individual, partnership, joint venture, corporation, mutual company, joint-stock company, trust, estate, unincorporated organization, association, or labor organization; and

(5) the term "Thrift Savings Fund" means the Thrift Savings Fund established under section 8437 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 577.)

Subchapter VII effective June 6, 1986, see section 702(b)(1) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8401 of this title.

(a) There is established in the Executive branch of the Government a Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board.

(b) The Board shall be composed of—

(1) 3 members appointed by the President, of whom 1 shall be designated by the President as Chairman; and

(2) 2 members appointed by the President, of whom—

(A) 1 shall be appointed by the President after taking into consideration the recommendation made by the Speaker of the House of Representatives in consultation with the minority leader of the House of Representatives; and

(B) 1 shall be appointed by the President after taking into consideration the recommendation made by the majority leader of the Senate in consultation with the minority leader of the Senate.

(c) Except as provided in section 311 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, appointments under subsection (a) shall be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(d) Members of the Board shall have substantial experience, training, and expertise in the management of financial investments and pension benefit plans.

(e)(1) Except as provided in section 311 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986, a member of the Board shall be appointed for a term of 4 years, except that of the members first appointed (other than the members appointed under such section)—

(A) the Chairman shall be appointed for a term of 4 years;

(B) the members appointed under subsection (b)(2) shall be appointed for terms of 3 years; and

(C) the remaining members shall be appointed for terms of 2 years.

(2)(A) A vacancy on the Board shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made and shall be subject to any conditions which applied with respect to the original appointment.

(B) An individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member replaced.

(3) The term of any member shall not expire before the date on which the member's successor takes office.

(f) The Board shall—

(1) establish policies for—

(A) the investment and management of the Thrift Savings Fund; and

(B) the administration of subchapter III of this chapter;

(2) review the performance of investments made for the Thrift Savings Fund; and

(3) review and approve the budget of the Board.

(g)(1) The Board may—

(A) adopt, alter, and use a seal;

(B) except as provided in paragraph (2), direct the Executive Director to take such action as the Board considers appropriate to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter and the policies of the Board;

(C) upon the concurring votes of four members, remove the Executive Director from office for good cause shown; and

(D) take such other actions as may be necessary to carry out the functions of the Board.

(2) Except in the case of investments under section 8438(c)(2)(B), the Board may not direct the Executive Director to invest or to cause to be invested any sums in the Thrift Savings Fund in a specific asset or to dispose of or cause to be disposed of any specific asset of such Fund.

(h) The members of the Board shall discharge their responsibilities solely in the interest of participants and beneficiaries under this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter.

(i) The Board shall prepare and submit to the President, and, at the same time, to the appropriate committees of Congress, an annual budget of the expenses and other items relating to the Board which shall be included as a separate item in the budget required to be transmitted to the Congress under section 1105 of title 31.

(j) The Board may submit to the President, and, at the same time, shall submit to each House of the Congress, any legislative recommendations of the Board relating to any of its functions under this title or any other provision of law.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 578; amended Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, §6001(e), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1931; Pub. L. 113–255, §2(c), Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2920.)

Section 311 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Act of 1986 [Pub. L. 99–335], referred to in subsecs. (c) and (e)(1), is set out as a note below.

**2014**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 113–255 substituted "under section 8438(c)(2)(B)" for "required by section 8438 of this title to be invested in securities of the Government".

**1986**—Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 99–509 added subsecs. (i) and (j).

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–509 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 6001(f) of Pub. L. 99–509, set out as a note under section 8432 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–335, title III, §311, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 608, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 99–335, title VII, §701, June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 631, as amended by Pub. L. 99–500, §101(m) [title IV, §401], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, 1783–322, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(m) [title IV, §401], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308, 3341–322, provided for authorization of appropriations for expenses incurred in the administration of the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Management System under this subchapter during fiscal years 1986 and 1987.

(a) The Board shall establish an Employee Thrift Advisory Council. The Council shall be composed of 15 members appointed by the Chairman of the Board in accordance with subsection (b).

(b) The Chairman shall appoint 15 members of the Council, of whom—

(1) 4 shall be appointed to represent the respective labor organizations representing (as exclusive representatives) the first, second, third, and fourth largest numbers of individuals subject to chapter 71 of this title;

(2) 2 shall be appointed to represent the respective labor organizations which have been accorded exclusive recognition under section 1203(a) of title 39 representing the largest and second largest numbers of individuals employed by the United States Postal Service;

(3) 1 shall be appointed to represent the labor organization which has been accorded exclusive recognition under section 1203(a) of title 39 representing the largest number of individuals employed by the United States Postal Service as rural letter carriers;

(4) 2 shall be appointed to represent the respective managerial organizations (other than an organization described in paragraph (5)) which consult with the United States Postal Service under section 1004(b) of title 39 and which represent the largest and second largest numbers of individuals employed by the United States Postal Service as managerial personnel;

(5) 1 shall be appointed to represent the supervisors' organization as defined in section 1004(h) of title 39;

(6) 1 shall be appointed to represent employee organizations having as a purpose promoting the interests of women in Government service;

(7) 1 shall be appointed to represent the organization representing the largest number of individuals receiving annuities under this chapter or chapter 83 of this title;

(8) 1 shall be appointed to represent the organization representing the largest number of supervisors and management officials (as defined by section 7103(a));

(9) 1 shall be appointed to represent the organization representing the largest number of members of the Senior Executive Service; and

(10) 1 shall be appointed to represent participants (under section 8440e) who are members of the uniformed services.

(c)(1) The Chairman of the Board shall designate 1 member of the Council to serve as head of the Council.

(2) A member of the Council shall be appointed for a term of 4 years.

(3)(A) A vacancy in the Council shall be filled in the manner in which the original appointment was made and shall be subject to any conditions which applied with respect to the original appointment.

(B) An individual chosen to fill a vacancy shall be appointed for the unexpired term of the member replaced.

(C) The term of any member shall not expire before the date on which the member's successor takes office.

(d) The Council shall act by resolution of a majority of the members.

(e) The Council shall—

(1) advise the Board and the Executive Director on matters relating to—

(A) investment policies for the Thrift Savings Fund; and

(B) the administration of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter; and

(2) perform such other duties as the Board may direct with respect to investment funds established in accordance with subchapter III of this chapter.

(f) Section 1013(a) of this title shall not apply to the Council.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 579; amended Pub. L. 103–89, §3(b)(1)(N), Sept. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 982; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title VI, §661(a)(6), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 672; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(a)(10), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4306.)

**2022**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted "Section 1013(a) of this title" for "Section 14(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act".

**1999**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(6)(A), substituted "15 members" for "14 members".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(6)(B)(i), substituted "15 members" for "14 members" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 106–65, §661(a)(6)(B)(ii)–(iv), added par. (10).

**1993**—Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 103–89 substituted "supervisors and management officials (as defined by section 7103(a))" for "individuals subject to the Performance Management and Recognition System under chapter 54 of this title".

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–65 effective 180 days after Oct. 30, 2000, unless postponed, see section 663 of Pub. L. 106–65, as amended, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8440e of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–89 effective Nov. 1, 1993, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 103–89, set out as a note under section 3372 of this title.

(a)(1) The Board shall appoint, without regard to the provisions of law governing appointments in the competitive service, an Executive Director by action agreed to by a majority of the members of the Board.

(2) The Executive Director shall have substantial experience, training, and expertise in the management of financial investments and pension benefit plans.

(b) The Executive Director shall—

(1) carry out the policies established by the Board;

(2) invest and manage the Thrift Savings Fund in accordance with the investment policies and other policies established by the Board;

(3) purchase annuity contracts and provide for the payment of other benefits under subchapter III of this chapter;

(4) administer the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter;

(5) prescribe such regulations (other than regulations relating to fiduciary responsibilities) as may be necessary for the administration of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter; and

(6) meet from time to time with the Council upon request of the Council.

(c) The Executive Director may—

(1) prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the responsibilities of the Executive Director under this section, other than regulations relating to fiduciary responsibilities;

(2) appoint such personnel as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter;

(3) subject to approval by the Board, procure the services of experts and consultants under section 3109 of this title;

(4) secure directly from an Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, or the Postal Regulatory Commission any information necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter or subchapter III of this chapter and policies of the Board;

(5) make such payments out of sums in the Thrift Savings Fund as the Executive Director determines are necessary to carry out the provisions of this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter and the policies of the Board;

(6) pay the compensation, per diem, and travel expenses of individuals appointed under paragraphs (2), (3), and (7) of this subsection from the Thrift Savings Fund;

(7) accept and use the services of individuals employed intermittently in the Government service and reimburse such individuals for travel expenses, as authorized by section 5703 of this title, including per diem as authorized by section 5702 of this title;

(8) except as otherwise expressly prohibited by law or the policies of the Board, delegate any of the Executive Director's functions to such employees under the Board as the Executive Director may designate and authorize such successive redelegations of such functions to such employees under the Board as the Executive Director may consider to be necessary or appropriate; and

(9) take such other actions as are appropriate to carry out the functions of the Executive Director.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 580; amended Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241.)

**2006**—Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "Postal Regulatory Commission" for "Postal Rate Commission".

The Board shall develop investment policies under section 8472(f)(1) of this title which provide for—

(1) prudent investments suitable for accumulating funds for payment of retirement income; and

(2) low administrative costs.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 581.)

(a) The Board shall meet—

(1) not less than once during each month; and

(2) at additional times at the call of the Chairman.

(b)(1) Except as provided in sections 8472(g)(1)(C) and 8474(a)(1) of this title, the Board shall perform the functions and exercise the powers of the Board on a majority vote of a quorum of the Board.

(2) A vacancy on the Board shall not impair the authority of a quorum of the Board to perform the functions and exercise the powers of the Board.

(c) Three members of the Board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

(d)(1) Each member of the Board who is not an officer or employee of the Federal Government shall be compensated at the daily rate of basic pay for level IV of the Executive Schedule for each day during which such member is engaged in performing a function of the Board.

(2) A member of the Board shall be paid travel, per diem, and other necessary expenses under subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title while traveling away from such member's home or regular place of business in the performance of the duties of the Board.

(3) Payments authorized under this subsection shall be paid from the Thrift Savings Fund.

(e) The accrued annual leave of any employee who is a member of the Board or the Council shall not be charged for any time used in performing services for the Board or the Council.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 581; amended Pub. L. 101–509, title V, §529 [title I, §101(b)(9)(K)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1442.)

Level IV of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), is set out in section 5315 of this title.

**1990**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "level IV of the Executive Schedule" for "grade GS–18 of the General Schedule".

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, §305] of Pub. L. 101–509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title.

(a) For the purposes of this section—

(1) the term "account" is not limited by the definition provided in section 8401(1);

(2) the term "adequate consideration" means—

(A) in the case of a security for which there is a generally recognized market—

(i) the price of the security prevailing on a national securities exchange which is registered under section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; or

(ii) if the security is not traded on such a national securities exchange, a price not less favorable to the Thrift Savings Fund than the offering price for the security as established by the current bid and asked prices quoted by persons independent of the issuer and of any party in interest; and

(B) in the case of an asset other than a security for which there is a generally recognized market, the fair market value of the asset as determined in good faith by a fiduciary or fiduciaries in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor;

(3) the term "fiduciary" means—

(A) a member of the Board;

(B) the Executive Director;

(C) any person who has or exercises discretionary authority or discretionary control over the management or disposition of the assets of the Thrift Savings Fund; and

(D) any person who, with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund, is described in section 3(21)(A) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1002(21)(A)); and

(4) the term "party in interest" includes—

(A) any fiduciary;

(B) any counsel to a person who is a fiduciary, with respect to the actions of such person as a fiduciary;

(C) any participant;

(D) any person providing services to the Board and, with respect to the actions of the Executive Director as a fiduciary any person providing services to the Executive Director;

(E) a labor organization, the members of which are participants;

(F) a spouse, sibling, ancestor, lineal descendant, or spouse of a lineal descendant of a person described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (D);

(G) a corporation, partnership, or trust or estate of which, or in which, at least 50 percent of—

(i) the combined voting power of all classes of stock entitled to vote or the total value of shares of all classes of stock of such corporation;

(ii) the capital interest or profits interest of such partnership; or

(iii) the beneficial interest of such trust or estate,

is owned directly or indirectly, or held by a person described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), or (E);

(H) an official (including a director) of, or an individual employed by, a person described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), or (G), or an individual having powers or responsibilities similar to those of such an official;

(I) a holder (directly or indirectly) of at least 10 percent of the shares in a person described in any subparagraph referred to in subparagraph (H); and

(J) a person who, directly or indirectly, is at least a 10 percent partner or joint venturer (measured in capital or profits) in a person described in any subparagraph referred to in subparagraph (H).

(b)(1) To the extent not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter and the policies prescribed by the Board, a fiduciary shall discharge his responsibilities with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund or applicable portion thereof solely in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries and—

(A) for the exclusive purpose of—

(i) providing benefits to participants and their beneficiaries; and

(ii) defraying reasonable expenses of administering the Thrift Savings Fund or applicable portions thereof;

(B) with the care, skill, prudence, and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent individual acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like objectives; and

(C) to the extent permitted by section 8438 of this title, by diversifying the investments of the Thrift Savings Fund or applicable portions thereof so as to minimize the risk of large losses, unless under the circumstances it is clearly prudent not to do so.

(2) No fiduciary may maintain the indicia of ownership of any assets of the Thrift Savings Fund outside the jurisdiction of the district courts of the United States.

(c)(1) A fiduciary shall not permit the Thrift Savings Fund to engage in any of the following transactions, except in exchange for adequate consideration:

(A) A transfer of any assets of the Thrift Savings Fund to any person the fiduciary knows or should know to be a party in interest or the use of such assets by any such person.

(B) An acquisition of any property from or sale of any property to the Thrift Savings Fund by any person the fiduciary knows or should know to be a party in interest.

(C) A transfer or exchange of services between the Thrift Savings Fund and any person the fiduciary knows or should know to be a party in interest.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a fiduciary with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund shall not—

(A) deal with any assets of the Thrift Savings Fund in his own interest or for his own account;

(B) act, in an individual capacity or any other capacity, in any transaction involving the Thrift Savings Fund on behalf of a party, or representing a party, whose interests are adverse to the interests of the Thrift Savings Fund or the interests of its participants or beneficiaries; or

(C) receive any consideration for his own personal account from any party dealing with sums credited to the Thrift Savings Fund in connection with a transaction involving assets of the Thrift Savings Fund.

(3)(A) The Secretary of Labor may, in accordance with procedures which the Secretary shall by regulation prescribe, grant a conditional or unconditional exemption of any fiduciary or transaction, or class of fiduciaries or transactions, from all or part of the restrictions imposed by paragraph (2).

(B) An exemption granted under this paragraph shall not relieve a fiduciary from any other applicable provision of this chapter.

(C) The Secretary of Labor may not grant an exemption under this paragraph unless he finds that such exemption is—

(i) administratively feasible;

(ii) in the interests of the Thrift Savings Fund and of its participants and beneficiaries; and

(iii) protective of the rights of participants and beneficiaries of such Fund.

(D) An exemption under this paragraph may not be granted unless—

(i) notice of the proposed exemption is published in the Federal Register;

(ii) interested persons are given an opportunity to present views; and

(iii) the Secretary of Labor affords an opportunity for a hearing and makes a determination on the record with respect to the respective requirements of clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (C).

(E) Notwithstanding subparagraph (D), the Secretary of Labor may determine that an exemption granted for any class of fiduciaries or transactions under section 408(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 shall, upon publication of notice in the Federal Register under this subparagraph, constitute an exemption for purposes of the provisions of paragraph (2).

(d) This section does not prohibit any fiduciary from—

(1) receiving any benefit which the fiduciary is entitled to receive under this subchapter or subchapter III of this chapter as a participant or beneficiary;

(2) receiving any reasonable compensation authorized by this subchapter for services rendered, or for reimbursement of expenses properly and actually incurred, in the performance of the fiduciary's duties under this chapter; or

(3) serving as a fiduciary in addition to being an officer, employee, agent, or other representative of a party in interest.

(e)(1)(A) Any fiduciary that breaches the responsibilities, duties, and obligations set out in subsection (b) or violates subsection (c) shall be personally liable to the Thrift Savings Fund for any losses to such Fund resulting from each such breach or violation and to restore to such Fund any profits made by the fiduciary through use of assets of such Fund by the fiduciary, and shall be subject to such other equitable or remedial relief as a court considers appropriate, except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection. A fiduciary may be removed for a breach referred to in the preceding sentence.

(B) The Secretary of Labor may assess a civil penalty against a party in interest with respect to each transaction which is engaged in by the party in interest and is prohibited by subsection (c). The amount of such penalty shall be equal to 5 percent of the amount involved in each such transaction (as defined in section 4975(f)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) for each year or part thereof during which the prohibited transaction continues, except that, if the transaction is not corrected (in such manner as the Secretary of Labor shall prescribe by regulation consistent with section 4975(f)(5) of such Code) within 90 days after the date the Secretary of Labor transmits notice to the party in interest (or such longer period as the Secretary of Labor may permit), such penalty may be in an amount not more than 100 percent of the amount involved.

(C)(i) A fiduciary shall not be liable under subparagraph (A) with respect to a breach of fiduciary duty under subsection (b) committed before becoming a fiduciary or after ceasing to be a fiduciary.

(ii) A fiduciary shall not be liable under subparagraph (A), and no civil action may be brought against a fiduciary—

(I) for providing for the automatic enrollment of a participant in accordance with section 8432(b)(2)(A);

(II) for enrolling a participant or beneficiary in a default investment fund or option in accordance with section 8438(c)(2); or

(III) for allowing a participant or beneficiary to invest through the mutual fund window or for establishing restrictions applicable to participants' or beneficiaries' ability to invest through the mutual fund window.

(D) A fiduciary shall be jointly and severally liable under subparagraph (A) for a breach of fiduciary duty under subsection (b) by another fiduciary only if—

(i) the fiduciary participates knowingly in, or knowingly undertakes to conceal, an act or omission of such other fiduciary, knowing such act or omission is such a breach;

(ii) by the fiduciary's failure to comply with subsection (b) in the administration of the fiduciary's specific responsibilities which give rise to the fiduciary status, the fiduciary has enabled such other fiduciary to commit such a breach; or

(iii) the fiduciary has knowledge of a breach by such other fiduciary, unless the fiduciary makes reasonable efforts under the circumstances to remedy the breach.

(E) The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe, in regulations, procedures for allocating fiduciary responsibilities among fiduciaries, including investment managers. Any fiduciary who, pursuant to such procedures, allocates to a person or persons any fiduciary responsibility shall not be liable for an act or omission of such person or persons unless—

(i) such fiduciary violated subsection (b) with respect to the allocation, with respect to the implementation of the procedures prescribed by the Secretary of Labor (or the Board under section 114 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Technical Corrections Act of 1986), or in continuing such allocation; or

(ii) such fiduciary would otherwise be liable in accordance with subparagraph (D).

(2) No civil action may be maintained against any fiduciary with respect to the responsibilities, liabilities, and penalties authorized or provided for in this section except in accordance with paragraphs (3) and (4).

(3) A civil action may be brought in the district courts of the United States—

(A) by the Secretary of Labor against any fiduciary other than a Member of the Board or the Executive Director of the Board—

(i) to determine and enforce a liability under paragraph (1)(A);

(ii) to collect any civil penalty under paragraph (1)(B);

(iii) to enjoin any act or practice which violates any provision of subsection (b) or (c);

(iv) to obtain any other appropriate equitable relief to redress a violation of any such provision; or

(v) to enjoin any act or practice which violates subsection (g)(2) or (h) of section 8472 of this title;

(B) by any participant, beneficiary, or fiduciary against any fiduciary—

(i) to enjoin any act or practice which violates any provision of subsection (b) or (c);

(ii) to obtain any other appropriate equitable relief to redress a violation of any such provision;

(iii) to enjoin any act or practice which violates subsection (g)(2) or (h) of section 8472 of this title; or

(C) by any participant or beneficiary—

(i) to recover benefits of such participant or beneficiary under the provisions of subchapter III of this chapter, to enforce any right of such participant or beneficiary under such provisions, or to clarify any such right to future benefits under such provisions; or

(ii) to enforce any claim otherwise cognizable under sections 1346(b) and 2671 through 2680 of title 28, provided that the remedy against the United States provided by sections 1346(b) and 2672 of title 28 for damages for injury or loss of property caused by the negligent or wrongful act or omission of any fiduciary while acting within the scope of his duties or employment shall be exclusive of any other civil action or proceeding by the participant or beneficiary for recovery of money by reason of the same subject matter against the fiduciary (or the estate of such fiduciary) whose act or omission gave rise to such action or proceeding, whether or not such action or proceeding is based on an alleged violation of subsection (b) or (c).

(4)(A) In all civil actions under paragraph (3)(A), attorneys appointed by the Secretary may represent the Secretary (except as provided in section 518(a) of title 28), however all such litigation shall be subject to the direction and control of the Attorney General.

(B) The Attorney General shall defend any civil action or proceeding brought in any court against any fiduciary referred to in paragraph (3)(C)(ii) (or the estate of such fiduciary) for any such injury. Any fiduciary against whom such a civil action or proceeding is brought shall deliver, within such time after date of service or knowledge of service as determined by the Attorney General, all process served upon such fiduciary (or an attested copy thereof) to the Executive Director of the Board, who shall promptly furnish copies of the pleading and process to the Attorney General and the United States Attorney for the district wherein the action or proceeding is brought.

(C) Upon certification by the Attorney General that a fiduciary described in paragraph (3)(C)(ii) was acting in the scope of such fiduciary's duties or employment as a fiduciary at the time of the occurrence or omission out of which the action arose, any such civil action or proceeding commenced in a State court shall be—

(i) removed without bond at any time before trial by the Attorney General to the district court of the United States for the district and division in which it is pending; and

(ii) deemed a tort action brought against the United States under the provisions of title 28 and all references thereto.

(D) The Attorney General may compromise or settle any claim asserted in such civil action or proceeding in the manner provided in section 2677 of title 28, and with the same effect. To the extent section 2672 of title 28 provides that persons other than the Attorney General or his designee may compromise and settle claims, and that payment of such claims may be made from agency appropriations, such provisions shall not apply to claims based upon an alleged violation of subsection (b) or (c).

(E) For the purposes of paragraph (3)(C)(ii) the provisions of sections 2680(h) of title 28 shall not apply to any claim based upon an alleged violation of subsection (b) or (c).

(F) Notwithstanding sections 1346(b) and 2671 through 2680 of title 28, whenever an award, compromise, or settlement is made under such sections upon any claim based upon an alleged violation of subsection (b) or (c), payment of such award, compromise, or settlement shall be made to the appropriate account within the Thrift Savings Fund, or where there is no such appropriate account, to the participant or beneficiary bringing the claim.

(G) For purposes of paragraph (3)(C)(ii), fiduciary includes only the Members of the Board and the Board's Executive Director.

(5) Any relief awarded against a Member of the Board or the Executive Director of the Board in a civil action authorized by paragraph (3) may not include any monetary damages or any other recovery of money.

(6) An action may not be commenced under paragraph (3)(A) or (B) with respect to a fiduciary's breach of any responsibility, duty, or obligation under subsection (b) or a violation of subsection (c) after the earlier of—

(A) 6 years after (i) the date of the last action which constituted a part of the breach or violation, or (ii) in the case of an omission, the latest date on which the fiduciary could have cured the breach or violation; or

(B) 3 years after the earliest date on which the plaintiff had actual knowledge of the breach or violation, except that, in the case of fraud or concealment, such action may be commenced not later than 6 years after the date of discovery of such breach or violation.

(7)(A) The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive jurisdiction of civil actions under this subsection.

(B) An action under this subsection may be brought in the District Court of the United States for the District of Columbia or a district court of the United States in the district where the breach alleged in the complaint or petition filed in the action took place or in the district where a defendant resides or may be found. Process may be served in any other district where a defendant resides or may be found.

(8)(A) A copy of the complaint or petition filed in any action brought under this subsection (other than by the Secretary of Labor) shall be served on the Executive Director, the Secretary of Labor, and the Secretary of the Treasury by certified mail.

(B) Any officer referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall have the right in his discretion to intervene in any action. If the Secretary of Labor brings an action under paragraph (2) of this subsection on behalf of a participant or beneficiary, he shall notify the Executive Director and the Secretary of the Treasury.

(f) The Secretary of Labor may prescribe regulations to carry out this section.

(g)(1) The Secretary of Labor shall establish a program to carry out audits to determine the level of compliance with the requirements of this section relating to fiduciary responsibilities and prohibited activities of fiduciaries.

(2) An audit under this subsection may be conducted by the Secretary of Labor, by contract with a qualified non-governmental organization, or in cooperation with the Comptroller General of the United States, as the Secretary considers appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 582; amended Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §§112, 114(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3133; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §133(a), (c), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1760, 1762; Pub. L. 100–366, §3(a), July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 826; Pub. L. 101–335, §8, July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 325; Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §106(b), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1855; Pub. L. 113–255, §3, Dec. 18, 2014, 128 Stat. 2921.)

Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A)(i), is classified to section 78f of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

Section 408(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (c)(3)(E), is classified to section 1108(a) of Title 29, Labor.

Section 4975(f)(4) and (5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(B), is classified to section 4975(f)(4) and (5) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 114 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Technical Corrections Act of 1986, referred to in subsec. (e)(1)(E)(i), is section 114 of Pub. L. 99–556 which amended this section and enacted provisions set out as a note under this section.

**2014**—Subsec. (e)(1)(C)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 113–255, §3(1), inserted "or beneficiary" after "participant" and "or option" after "fund".

Subsec. (e)(1)(C)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 113–255, §3(2), inserted "or beneficiary" after "participant" and "or beneficiaries' " after "participants' ".

**2009**—Subsec. (e)(1)(C). Pub. L. 111–31 designated existing provisions as cl. (i) and added cl. (ii).

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–335 repealed section 133(c) of Pub. L. 100–238. See Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note below.

**1988**—Subsec. (e)(1)(A). Pub. L. 100–238, §133(a)(1), inserted ", except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection".

Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–238, §133(a)(2), substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (e)(1)(D). Pub. L. 100–238, §133(a)(3), inserted "only" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (e)(2), (3). Pub. L. 100–238, §133(a)(5), added pars. (2) and (3) and struck out former pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

"(2) A civil action may be brought in the district courts of the United States—

"(A) by the Secretary of Labor—

"(i) to determine and enforce a liability under paragraph (1)(A);

"(ii) to collect any civil penalty under paragraph (1)(B); or

"(iii) to enjoin any act or practice which violates subsection (g)(2) or (h) of section 8472 of this title;

"(B) by the Secretary of Labor, any participant, beneficiary, or fiduciary—

"(i) to enjoin any act or practice which violates any provision of subsection (b) or (c); or

"(ii) to obtain any other appropriate equitable relief to redress a violation of any such provision; or

"(C) by any participant or beneficiary to recover benefits due to him or her under the provisions of subchapter III of this chapter, to enforce his or her rights under such provisions, or to clarify his or her rights to future benefits under such provisions.

"(3) An action may not be commenced under paragraph (2) with respect to a fiduciary's breach of any responsibility, duty, or obligation under subsection (b) or a violation of subsection (c) after the earlier of—

"(A) 6 years after (i) the date of the last action which constituted a part of the breach or violation, or (ii) in the case of an omission, the latest date on which the fiduciary could have cured the breach or violation; or

"(B) 3 years after the earliest date on which the plaintiff had actual knowledge of the breach or violation, except that, in the case of fraud or concealment, such action may be commenced not later than 6 years after the date of discovery of such breach or violation."

Subsec. (e)(3)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 100–366, §3(a)(1), substituted "28, provided that" for "28, if" and "shall be exclusive of" for "is exclusive of".

Subsec. (e)(4) to (8). Pub. L. 100–238, §133(a)(4), (5), added pars. (4) to (6) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100–366, §3(a)(2), substituted "paragraph (3)" for "paragraphs (3) and (4)".

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(3)(E). Pub. L. 99–556, §112, added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (e)(1)(B). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954".

Subsec. (e)(1)(E)(i). Pub. L. 99–556, §114(b), substituted "Secretary of Labor (or the Board under section 114 of the Federal Employees' Retirement System Technical Corrections Act of 1986)" for "Board".

Pub. L. 100–366, §3(b), July 13, 1988, 102 Stat. 826, provided that: "Section 8477(e) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a), shall apply to any civil action or proceeding arising from any act or omission occurring on or after October 1, 1986."

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §133(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1762, provided that: "The provisions of section 8477(e)(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6) of title 5, United States Code (as amended by subsection (a) of this section), shall apply to any civil action or proceeding arising from any act or omission occurring on or after October 1, 1986."

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §133(c), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1762, which provided that the provisions of subsection (a) (and the amendments to section 8477(e) of title 5 contained therein) and subsection (b) of this section were to be repealed effective on Dec. 31, 1990, and that on and after Dec. 31, 1990, the provisions of section 8477(e) of title 5 were to be in effect as such provisions were in effect on Jan. 7, 1988, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–335, §8, July 17, 1990, 104 Stat. 325.

Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §111, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3133, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §114(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3133, provided that:

"(1) Subject to paragraph (2), until such time as final regulations under subparagraph (E) of section 8477(e)(1) of title 5, United States Code, become effective, a fiduciary (as defined by section 8477(a)(3) of title 5, United States Code) may, in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board, make any allocation of fiduciary responsibilities.

"(2) The authority to make any allocation under section 8477(e)(1)(E) using the procedures referred to in paragraph (1), and any allocation so made using such procedures, shall expire not later than December 31, 1988."

(a)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), each fiduciary and each person who handles funds or property of the Thrift Savings Fund shall be bonded as provided in this section.

(2)(A) Bond shall not be required of a fiduciary (or of any officer or employee of such fiduciary) if such fiduciary—

(i) is a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States or of any State;

(ii) is authorized under such laws to exercise trust powers or to conduct an insurance business;

(iii) is subject to supervision or examination by Federal or State authority; and

(iv) has at all times a combined capital and surplus in excess of such minimum amount (not less than $1,000,000) as the Secretary of Labor prescribes in regulations.

(B) If—

(i) a bank or other financial institution would, but for this subparagraph, not be required to be bonded under this section by reason of the application of the exception provided in subparagraph (A),

(ii) the bank or financial institution is authorized to exercise trust powers, and

(iii) the deposits of the bank or financial institution are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,

such exception shall apply to such bank or financial institution only if the bank or institution meets bonding requirements under State law which the Secretary of Labor determines are at least equivalent to those imposed on banks by Federal law.

(b)(1) The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe the amount of a bond under this section at the beginning of each fiscal year. Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, such amount shall not be less than 10 percent of the amount of funds handled. In no case shall such bond be less than $1,000 nor more than $500,000, except that the Secretary of Labor, after due notice and opportunity for hearing to all interested parties, and other consideration of the record, may prescribe an amount in excess of $500,000.

(2) For the purpose of prescribing the amount of a bond under paragraph (1), the amount of funds handled shall be determined by reference to the amount of the funds handled by the person, group, or class to be covered by such bond or by their predecessor or predecessors, if any, during the preceding fiscal year, or to the amount of funds to be handled during the current fiscal year by such person, group, or class, estimated as provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor.

(c) A bond required by subsection (a)—

(1) shall include such terms and conditions as the Secretary of Labor considers necessary to protect the Thrift Savings Fund against loss by reason of acts of fraud or dishonesty on the part of the bonded person directly or through connivance with others;

(2) shall have as surety thereon a corporate surety company which is an acceptable surety on Federal bonds under authority granted by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to sections 9304 through 9308 of title 31; and

(3) shall be in a form or of a type approved by the Secretary of Labor, including individual bonds or schedule or blanket forms of bonds which cover a group or class.

(d)(1) It shall be unlawful for any person to whom subsection (a) applies, to receive, handle, disburse, or otherwise exercise custody or control of any of the funds or other property of the Thrift Savings Fund without being bonded as required by this section.

(2) It shall be unlawful for any fiduciary, or any other person having authority to direct the performance of functions described in paragraph (1), to permit any such function to be performed by any person to whom subsection (a) applies unless such person has met the requirements of such subsection.

(e) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any person who is required to be bonded as provided in subsection (a) shall be exempt from any other provision of law which would, but for this subsection, require such person to be bonded for the handling of the funds or other property of the Thrift Savings Fund.

(f) The Secretary of Labor shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including exempting a person or class of persons from the requirements of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 586; amended Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §§108, 115, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132, 3134; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(72), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355.)

**1992**—Subsec. (a)(2)(B)(iii). Pub. L. 102–378 struck out "Corporation or the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance" before "Corporation".

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–556, §108, struck out "(other than a member of the Employee Thrift Advisory Council with respect to his duties as a member)" after "each fiduciary".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 99–556, §115, substituted "sections 9304 through 9308 of title 31" for "sections 6 through 13 of title 6".

Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §113, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3133, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Any authority available to the Secretary of Labor under section 504 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 is hereby made available to the Secretary of Labor, and any officer designated by the Secretary of Labor, to determine whether any person has violated, or is about to violate, any provision of section 8477 or 8478.

(Added Pub. L. 99–556, title I, §110(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3132.)

Section 504 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in text, is classified to section 1134 of Title 29, Labor.

(a) Any provision in an agreement or instrument which purports to relieve a fiduciary from responsibility or liability for any responsibility, obligation, or duty under this subchapter shall be void.

(b)(1) The Executive Director may require employing agencies to contribute an amount not to exceed 1 percent of the amount such agencies are required to contribute in accordance with section 8432(c) of this title to the Thrift Savings Fund.

(2) The sums credited to the Thrift Savings Fund under paragraph (1) shall be available and may be used at the discretion of the Executive Director to purchase insurance to cover potential liability of persons who serve in a fiduciary capacity with respect to the Thrift Savings Fund, without regard to whether a policy of insurance permits recourse by the insurer against the fiduciary in the case of a breach of a fiduciary obligation.

(Added Pub. L. 99–335, title I, §101(a), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 588.)

(a) In order to carry out the responsibilities specified in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter, the Executive Director may issue subpoenas commanding each person to whom the subpoena is directed to produce designated books, documents, records, electronically stored information, or tangible materials in the possession or control of that individual.

(b) Notwithstanding any Federal, State, or local law, any person, including officers, agents, and employees, receiving a subpoena under this section, who complies in good faith with the subpoena and thus produces the materials sought, shall not be liable in any court of any State or the United States to any individual, domestic or foreign corporation or upon a partnership or other unincorporated association for such production.

(c) When a person fails to obey a subpoena issued under this section, the district court of the United States for the district in which the investigation is conducted or in which the person failing to obey is found, shall on proper application issue an order directing that person to comply with the subpoena. The court may punish as contempt any disobedience of its order.

(d) The Executive Director shall prescribe regulations to carry out subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 111–31, div. B, title I, §107(a), June 22, 2009, 123 Stat. 1856.)



**1992**—Pub. L. 102–378, §2(73), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355, added item 8509.

**1975**—Pub. L. 94–183, §2(42), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1059, substituted "Repealed" for "Accrued leave" in item 8524.

For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "Federal service" means service performed after 1952 in the employ of the United States or an instrumentality of the United States which is wholly or partially owned by the United States, but does not include service (except service to which subchapter II of this chapter applies) performed—

(A) by an elective official in the executive or legislative branch;

(B) as a member of the armed forces or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

(C) by members of the Foreign Service for whom payments are provided under section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980;

(D) outside the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands by an individual who is not a citizen of the United States;

(E) by an individual excluded by regulations of the Office of Personnel Management from the operation of subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title because he is paid on a contract or fee basis;

(F) by an individual receiving nominal pay and allowances of $12 or less a year;

(G) in a hospital, home, or other institution of the United States by a patient or inmate thereof;

(H) by a student-employee as defined by section 5351 of this title;

(I) by an individual serving on a temporary basis in case of fire, storm, earthquake, flood, or other similar emergency;

(J) by an individual employed under a Federal relief program to relieve him from unemployment;

(K) as a member of a State, county, or community committee under the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service or of any other board, council, committee, or other similar body, unless the board, council, committee, or other body is composed exclusively of individuals otherwise in the full-time employ of the United States; or

(L) by an officer or a member of the crew on or in connection with an American vessel—

(i) owned by or bareboat chartered to the United States; and

(ii) whose business is conducted by a general agent of the Secretary of Commerce;

if contributions on account of the service are required to be made to an unemployment fund under a State unemployment compensation law under section 3305(g) of title 26;

(2) "Federal wages" means all pay and allowances, in cash and in kind, for Federal service;

(3) "Federal employee" means an individual who has performed Federal service;

(4) "compensation" means cash benefits payable to an individual with respect to his unemployment including any portion thereof payable with respect to dependents;

(5) "benefit year" means the benefit year as defined by the applicable State unemployment compensation law, and if not so defined the term means the period prescribed in the agreement under this subchapter with a State or, in the absence of such an agreement, the period prescribed by the Secretary of Labor;

(6) "State" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands;

(7) "United States", when used in a geographical sense, means the States; and

(8) "base period" means the base period as defined by the applicable State unemployment compensation law for the benefit year.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 585; Pub. L. 94–566, title I, §116(e)(1), title II, §214(b), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2672, 2678; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–215, §4(a), Mar. 25, 1980, 94 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 96–465, title II, §2314(h), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2168.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1361. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1501", 68 Stat. 1130. | |

Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §2, 72 Stat. 1087. | ||

July 12, 1960, Pub. L. 86–624, §30(g), 74 Stat. 420. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §§531(e), 542(d), 74 Stat. 984, 986. |


Clause (4) of former section 1361(a) is omitted as obsolete.

In paragraph (1)(A), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104. The words "of the Government of the United States" are omitted as unnecessary.

In paragraph (1)(E), the words "by regulations of the Civil Service Commission from the operation of subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title" are substituted for "by Executive order from the operation of the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1930" on authority of the Civil Service Retirement Act Amendments of 1956, which are carried into subchapter III of chapter 83.

In paragraph (1)(K), the words "Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service" are substituted for "Production and Marketing Administration" on authority of Secretary's memorandum 1320, supp. 4 of November 2, 1953.

In paragraph (1)(L), the words "section 1606(g) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code of 1939" in former section 1361(a)(13) are omitted as obsolete.

The last sentence of former section 1361 is omitted as its substance is included in paragraph (1)(D).

Former section 1361(f) is omitted as unnecessary as the full title of the Secretary of Labor is set out the first time it is used in each section.

Paragraphs (6) and (7) are added on authority of section 1101(a)(1), (2) of the Act of Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 647, as amended; 42 U.S.C. 1301(a)(1), (2).

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (1)(C), is classified to section 4009(b)(1) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

**1980**—Par. (1)(B). Pub. L. 96–215 inserted "or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" after "armed forces".

Par. (1)(C). Pub. L. 96–465 substituted "members of the Foreign Service for whom payments are provided under section 609(b)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "Foreign Service personnel for whom special separation allowances are provided under chapter 14 of title 22".

**1978**—Par. (1)(E). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1976**—Par. (6). Pub. L. 94–566, §116(e)(1), added the Virgin Islands in definition of "State".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 94–566, §214(b), added par. (8).

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96–465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Pub. L. 96–215, §4(c), Mar. 25, 1980, 94 Stat. 124, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8521 of this title] shall apply with respect to assignments of services and wages pursuant to any first claim (for a benefit year) which is filed after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 25, 1980]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by section 116(e)(1) of Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to benefit years beginning on or after the later of Oct. 1, 1976, or the first day of the first week for which compensation becomes payable under an unemployment compensation law of the Virgin Islands which is approved by the Secretary of Labor under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 116(f)(3) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

Pub. L. 94–566, title II, §214(c), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2678, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8505 of this title] shall apply with regard to compensation paid on the basis of claims for compensation filed on or after July 1, 1977".

Determination respecting temporary 1990 census services as Federal service for purposes of this subchapter, see section 141 of Pub. L. 101–382, set out as a note under section 23 of Title 13, Census.

(a) The Secretary of Labor, on behalf of the United States, may enter into an agreement with a State, or with an agency administering the unemployment compensation law of a State, under which the State agency shall—

(1) pay, as agent of the United States, compensation under this subchapter to Federal employees; and

(2) otherwise cooperate with the Secretary and with other State agencies in paying compensation under this subchapter.

(b) The agreement shall provide that compensation will be paid by the State to a Federal employee in the same amount, on the same terms, and subject to the same conditions as the compensation which would be payable to him under the unemployment compensation law of the State if his Federal service and Federal wages assigned under section 8504 of this title to the State had been included as employment and wages under that State law.

[(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 90–83, §1(86)(B), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218.]

(d) A determination by a State agency with respect to entitlement to compensation under an agreement is subject to review in the same manner and to the same extent as determinations under the State unemployment compensation law, and only in that manner and to that extent.

(e) Each agreement shall provide the terms and conditions on which it may be amended or terminated.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(86), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1362. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1502", 68 Stat. 1131. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(b)(1)(A), 74 Stat. 985. |


In subsection (a), the words "under this subchapter" are substituted for "on the basis provided in subsection (b) of this section".

In subsection (b), the words "with respect to unemployment after December 31, 1954" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (c), the words "with respect to unemployment after December 31, 1960" are omitted as obsolete. In the last sentence, the application to section 8503(b) is omitted and carried into that section.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section amends 5 U.S.C. 8502 to eliminate certain provisions that are now obsolete. The obsolete provisions were based on section 542(b)(1)(A) of the act of September 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 985, that amended section 1502(b) of the Social Security Act effective January 1, 1961, but only in the case of weeks of unemployment beginning before January 1, 1966. Any existing rights are preserved by section 7 of this bill.

(a) In the case of a Federal employee whose Federal service and Federal wages are assigned under section 8504 of this title to a State which does not have an agreement with the Secretary of Labor, the Secretary, under regulations prescribed by him, shall, on the filing by the Federal employee of a claim for compensation under this subsection, pay compensation to him in the same amount, on the same terms, and subject to the same conditions as would be paid to him under the unemployment compensation law of the State if his Federal service and Federal wages had been included as employment and wages under that State law. However, if the Federal employee, without regard to his Federal service and Federal wages, has employment or wages sufficient to qualify for compensation during the benefit year under that State law, then payments of compensation under this subsection may be made only on the basis of his Federal service and Federal wages.

(b) A Federal employee whose claim for compensation under subsection (a) of this section is denied is entitled to a fair hearing under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. A final determination by the Secretary with respect to entitlement to compensation under this section is subject to review by the courts in the same manner and to the same extent as is provided by section 405(g) of title 42.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 587; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(87), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 94–566, title I, §116(e)(2), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2673.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1363. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1503", 68 Stat. 1132. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(b)(1)(B), (C), (c)(1), 74 Stat. 986. |


In subsections (a) and (b), the words "with respect to unemployment after December 31, 1954" are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (b), the last sentence is added on authority of the last sentence of former section 1362(b), which section is carried into section 8502.

In subsection (c), the words "with respect to final decisions of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare under subchapter II of this chapter" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8503(b) | [Uncodified]. | Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(a)(1), 74 Stat. 985. |


This section also amends 5 U.S.C. 8503 to eliminate certain provisions that are now obsolete. The obsolete provisions were based on section 542(b)(1)(B) and (C) of the act of September 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 986, that amended section 1503 (a) and (b) of the Social Security Act effective January 1, 1961, but only in the case of weeks of unemployment beginning before January 1, 1966. Any existing rights are preserved by section 7 of this bill.

**1976**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 94–566, §116(e)(2), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b) and substituted "subsection (a)" for "subsection (a) or (b)". Former subsec. (b), which made special provision for Federal employees whose Federal service and Federal wages were assigned to the Virgin Islands, was struck out.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–566, §116(e)(2)(A), struck out subsec. (d) which authorized the Secretary to use the personnel and facilities of the agency in the Virgin Islands cooperating with the United States Employment Service.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to benefit years beginning on or after later of Oct. 1, 1976, or first day of first week for which compensation becomes payable under an unemployment compensation law of Virgin Islands which is approved by Secretary of Labor under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 116(f)(3) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary of Labor, the Federal service and Federal wages of a Federal employee shall be assigned to the State in which he had his last official station in Federal service before the filing of his first claim for compensation for the benefit year. However—

(1) if, at the time of filing his first claim, he resides in another State in which he performed, after the termination of his Federal service, service covered under the unemployment compensation law of the other State, his Federal service and Federal wages shall be assigned to the other State; and

(2) if his last official station in Federal service, before filing his first claim, was outside the United States, his Federal service and Federal wages shall be assigned to the State where he resides at the time he files his first claim.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 588; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(88), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 94–566, title I, §116(e)(3), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2673.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1364. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1504", 68 Stat. 1133. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(b)(2), 74 Stat. 986. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8504(3) | [Uncodified]. | Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(a)(2), 74 Stat. 985. |


This section also amends 5 U.S.C. 8504 to eliminate certain provisions that are now obsolete. The obsolete provisions were based on section 542(b)(2) of the act of September 13, 1960, 74 Stat. 986, that amended section 1504 of the Social Security Act effective January 1, 1961, but only in the case of first claims filed before January 1, 1966. Any existing rights are preserved by section 7 of this bill.

**1976**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 94–566 struck out par. (3) which covered the assignment to the Virgin Islands of the Federal service and Federal wages of Federal employees whose first claims were filed while residing in the Virgin Islands.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to benefit years beginning on or after later of Oct. 1, 1976, or first day of first week for which compensation becomes payable under an unemployment compensation law of Virgin Islands which is approved by Secretary of Labor under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 116(f)(3), set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

(a) Each State is entitled to be paid by the United States with respect to each individual whose base period wages included Federal wages an amount which shall bear the same ratio to the total amount of compensation paid to such individual as the amount of his Federal wages in his base period bears to the total amount of his base period wages.

(b) Each State shall be paid, either in advance or by way of reimbursement, as may be determined by the Secretary of Labor, the sum that the Secretary estimates the State is entitled to receive under this subchapter for each calendar month. The sum shall be reduced or increased by the amount which the Secretary finds that his estimate for an earlier calendar month was greater or less than the sum which should have been paid to the State. An estimate may be made on the basis of a statistical, sampling, or other method agreed on by the Secretary and the State agency.

(c) The Secretary, from time to time, shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the sum payable to each State under this section. The Secretary of the Treasury, before audit or settlement by the Government Accountability Office, shall pay the State in accordance with the certification from the funds for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter.

(d) Money paid a State under this subchapter may be used solely for the purposes for which it is paid. Money so paid which is not used for these purposes shall be returned, at the time specified by the agreement, to the Treasury of the United States and credited to current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts from which payments to States under this subchapter may be made.

(e) An agreement may—

(1) require each State officer or employee who certifies payments or disburses funds under the agreement, or who otherwise participates in its performance, to give a surety bond to the United States in the amount the Secretary considers necessary; and

(2) provide for payment of the cost of the bond from funds for carrying out the purposes of this subchapter.

(f) In the absence of gross negligence or intent to defraud the United States, an individual designated by the Secretary, or designated under an agreement, as a certifying official is not liable for the payment of compensation certified by him under this subchapter.

(g) In the absence of gross negligence or intent to defraud the United States, a disbursing official is not liable for a payment by him under this subchapter if it was based on a voucher signed by a certifying official designated as provided by subsection (f) of this section.

(h) For the purpose of payments made to a State under subchapter III of chapter 7 of title 42, administration by a State agency under an agreement is deemed a part of the administration of the State unemployment compensation law.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 588; Pub. L. 94–566, title II, §214(a), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2678; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1366. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1506", 68 Stat. 1133. |


In the first sentence of subsection (d), the word "may" is substituted for "shall" since the sentence does not direct the use of the money, rather it limits the purposes for which the money may be used.

In subsections (f) and (g), the word "official" is substituted for "officer" because of the definition of "officer" in section 2104.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2004**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–566 substituted provisions that each State is entitled to be paid by the United States with respect to each individual whose base period wages included Federal wages an amount which shall bear the same ratio to the total amount of compensation paid to such individual as the amount of his Federal wages in his base period bears to the total amount of his base period wages for provisions that each State is entitled to be paid by the United States an amount equal to the additional cost to the State of payments of compensation in accordance with an agreement under this subchapter which would not have been made by the State but for the agreement.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with regard to compensation paid on the basis of claims for compensation filed on or after July 1, 1977, see section 214(c) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 8501 of this title.

(a) Each agency of the United States and each wholly or partially owned instrumentality of the United States shall make available to State agencies which have agreements under this subchapter, or to the Secretary of Labor, as the case may be, such information concerning the Federal service and Federal wages of a Federal employee as the Secretary considers practicable and necessary for the determination of the entitlement of the Federal employee to compensation under this subchapter. The information shall include the findings of the employing agency concerning—

(1) whether or not the Federal employee has performed Federal service;

(2) the periods of Federal service;

(3) the amount of Federal wages; and

(4) the reasons for termination of Federal service.

The employing agency shall make the findings in the form and manner prescribed by regulations of the Secretary. The regulations shall include provision for correction by the employing agency of errors and omissions. This subsection does not apply with respect to Federal service and Federal wages covered by subchapter II of this chapter.

(b) The agency administering the unemployment compensation law of a State shall furnish the Secretary such information as he considers necessary or appropriate in carrying out this subchapter. The information is deemed the report required by the Secretary for the purpose of section 503(a)(6) of title 42.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 589; Pub. L. 94–566, title III, §313(a), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2680.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1367. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1507", 68 Stat. 1134. | |

Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §4, 72 Stat. 1089. | ||

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §531(f), 74 Stat. 984. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–566 struck out provision that findings made in accordance with the Secretary's regulations were final and conclusive for the purpose of sections 8502(d) and 8503(c) of this title.

Pub. L. 94–566, title III, §313(b), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2680, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to findings made after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 20, 1976]."

(a) If a State agency, the Secretary of Labor, or a court of competent jurisdiction finds that an individual—

(1) knowingly has made, or caused to be made by another, a false statement or representation of a material fact, or knowingly has failed, or caused another to fail, to disclose a material fact; and

(2) as a result of that action has received an amount as compensation under this subchapter to which he was not entitled;

the individual shall repay the amount to the State agency or the Secretary. Instead of requiring repayment under this subsection, the State agency or the Secretary may recover the amount by deductions from compensation payable to the individual under this subchapter during the 2-year period after the date of the finding. A finding by a State agency or the Secretary may be made only after an opportunity for a fair hearing, subject to such further review as may be appropriate under sections 8502(d) and 8503(c) of this title.

(b) An amount repaid under subsection (a) of this section shall be—

(1) deposited in the fund from which payment was made, if the repayment was to a State agency; or

(2) returned to the Treasury of the United States and credited to the current applicable appropriation, fund, or account from which payment was made, if the repayment was to the Secretary.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 590.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1368(b). | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a), "Sec. 1508(b)", 68 Stat. 1135. |


In subsection (a), the words "as the case may be", "be liable to", and "of any amount" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Secretary of Labor may prescribe rules and regulations necessary to carry out this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter. The Secretary, insofar as practicable, shall consult with representatives of the State unemployment compensation agencies before prescribing rules or regulations which may affect the performance by the State agencies of functions under agreements under this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 590.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1369. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1212, §4(a) "Sec. 1509", 68 Stat. 1135. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

(a) The Federal Employees Compensation Account (as established by section 909 of the Social Security Act, and hereafter in this section referred to as the "Account") in the Unemployment Trust Fund (as established by section 904 of such Act) shall consist of—

(1) funds appropriated to or transferred thereto, and

(2) amounts deposited therein pursuant to subsection (c).

(b) Moneys in the Account shall be available only for the purpose of making payments to States pursuant to agreements entered into under this chapter and making payments of compensation under this chapter in States which do not have in effect such an agreement.

(c)(1) Each employing agency shall deposit into the Account amounts equal to the expenditures incurred under this chapter on account of Federal service performed by employees and former employees of that agency.

(2) Deposits required by paragraph (1) shall be made during each calendar quarter and the amount of the deposit to be made by any employing agency during any quarter shall be based on a determination by the Secretary of Labor as to the amounts of payments, made prior to such quarter from the Account based on Federal service performed by employees of such agency after December 31, 1980, with respect to which deposit has not previously been made. The amount to be deposited by any employing agency during any calendar quarter shall be adjusted to take account of any overpayment or underpayment of deposit during any previous quarter for which adjustment has not already been made.

(3) If any Federal agency does not deposit in the Federal Employees Compensation Account any amount before the date 30 days after the date on which the Secretary of Labor has notified such agency that it is required to so deposit such amount, the Secretary of Labor shall notify the Secretary of the Treasury of the failure to make such deposit and the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer such amount to the Federal Employees Compensation Account from amounts otherwise appropriated to such Federal agency.

(d) The Secretary of Labor shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the amount of the deposit which each employing agency is required to make to the Account during any calendar quarter, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall notify the Secretary of Labor as to the date and amount of any deposit made to such Account by any such agency.

(e) Prior to the beginning of each fiscal year (commencing with the fiscal year which begins October 1, 1981) the Secretary of Labor shall estimate—

(1) the amount of expenditures which will be made from the Account during such year, and

(2) the amount of funds which will be available during such year for the making of such expenditures,

and if, on the basis of such estimate, he determines that the amount described in paragraph (2) is in excess of the amount necessary—

(3) to meet the expenditures described in paragraph (1), and

(4) to provide a reasonable contingency fund so as to assure that there will, during all times in such year, be sufficient sums available in the Account to meet the expenditures described in paragraph (1),

he shall certify the amount of such excess to the Secretary of the Treasury and the Secretary of the Treasury shall transfer, from the Account to the general fund of the Treasury, an amount equal to such excess.

(f) The Secretary of Labor is authorized to establish such rules and regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the provisions of this section.

(g) Any funds appropriated after the establishment of the Account, for the making of payments for which expenditures are authorized to be made from moneys in the Account, shall be made to the Account; and there are hereby authorized to be appropriated to the Account, from time to time, such sums as may be necessary to assure that there will, at all times, be sufficient sums available in the Account to meet the expenditures authorized to be made from moneys therein.

(h) For purposes of this section, the term "Federal service" includes Federal service as defined in section 8521(a).

(Added Pub. L. 96–499, title X, §1023(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2657; amended Pub. L. 97–362, title II, §202(a), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 102–318, title V, §532(a), July 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 317.)

Sections 909 and 904 of the Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a), are classified to sections 1109 and 1104, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

**1992**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–318 added par. (3).

**1982**—Subsecs. (b), (c)(1). Pub. L. 97–362, §202(a)(1), substituted "chapter" for "subchapter" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–362, §202(a)(2), added subsec. (h).

Pub. L. 102–318, title V, §532(b), July 3, 1992, 106 Stat. 317, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to failures outstanding on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 3, 1992] or at any time thereafter."

Pub. L. 97–362, title II, §202(b)(1), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1733, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1983."

Pub. L. 97–362, title II, §202(b)(2), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1733, provided that: "All funds appropriated which are available (on October 1, 1983) for the making of payments to States under chapter 85 of title 5, United States Code, on the basis of Federal service (as defined in section 8521(a) of such title 5) or for the making of payments under such chapter on the basis of such service in States which do not have in effect an agreement under such chapter, shall be transferred on such date to the Federal Employees Compensation Account established by section 909 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1109]. On and after such date, all payments described in the preceding sentence shall be made from such account as provided by section 8509 of such title 5."

Pub. L. 96–499, title X, §1023(c), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2658, provided that: "All funds appropriated which are available for the making of payments to States after December 31, 1980, pursuant to agreements entered into under subchapter I of chapter 85 of title 5, United States Code, or for the making of payments after such date of compensation under such subchapter in States which do not have in effect such an agreement, shall be transferred on January 1, 1981, to the Federal Employees Compensation Account established by section 909 of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1109]. On and after such date, all payments described in the preceding sentence shall be made from such Account as provided by section 8509 of title 5, United States Code."

(a) For the purpose of this subchapter—

(1) "Federal service" means active service (not including active duty in a reserve status unless for a continuous period of 180 days or more) in the armed forces or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration if with respect to that service—

(A) the individual was discharged or released under honorable conditions (and, if an officer, did not resign for the good of the service); and

(B)(i) the individual was discharged or released after completing his first full term of active service which the individual initially agreed to serve, or

(ii) the individual was discharged or released before completing such term of active service—

(I) for the convenience of the Government under an early release program,

(II) because of medical disqualification, pregnancy, parenthood, or any service-incurred injury or disability,

(III) because of hardship (including pursuant to a sole survivorship discharge, as that term is defined in section 1174(i) of title 10), or

(IV) because of personality disorders or inaptitude but only if the service was continuous for 365 days or more;

(2) "Federal wages" means all pay and allowances, in cash and in kind, for Federal service, computed on the basis of the pay and allowances for the pay grade of the individual at the time of his latest discharge or release from Federal service as specified in the schedule applicable at the time he files his first claim for compensation for the benefit year. The Secretary of Labor shall issue, from time to time, after consultation with the Secretary of Defense, schedules specifying the pay and allowances for each pay grade of servicemen covered by this subchapter, which reflect representative amounts for appropriate elements of the pay and allowances whether in cash or in kind; and

(3) "State" means the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

(b) The provisions of subchapter I of this chapter, subject to the modifications made by this subchapter, apply to individuals who have had Federal service as defined by subsection (a) of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 590; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(89), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 94–566, title I, §116(e)(4), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2673; Pub. L. 96–215, §4(b), Mar. 25, 1980, 94 Stat. 124; Pub. L. 96–364, title IV, §415(a), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1310; Pub. L. 97–35, title XXIV, §2405(a), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 876; Pub. L. 97–362, title II, §201(a), (b), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1732; Pub. L. 102–164, title III, §301(a), (b), Nov. 15, 1991, 105 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 110–317, §7, Aug. 29, 2008, 122 Stat. 3529; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title V, §513(a), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 809.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1371 (a)–(c). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §3 "Sec. 1511(a)–(c)", 72 Stat. 1088. |


In subsection (a)(1), the words "armed forces" are coextensive with and substituted for "Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States" in view of the definition of "armed forces" in section 2101. The words "after October 27, 1958" are substituted for "after the sixtieth day after August 28, 1958".

In subsection (b), the words "with respect to weeks of unemployment ending after the sixtieth day after August 28, 1958" are omitted as obsolete because the law is here stated with prospective effect.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This incorporates into 5 U.S.C. 8521 the definition of "State" which is applicable to the source statute of that section by virtue of section 1301(a)(1) of title 42.

Section 8 of Pub. L. 102–107, Aug. 17, 1991, 105 Stat. 546, which contained provisions substantially identical to those of section 301 of Pub. L. 102–164, amending this section and enacting provisions set out below, did not become effective pursuant to section 10(b) of Pub. L. 102–107, because the President did not take the action required by that section by Aug. 17, 1991.

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 114–92 substituted "180 days" for "90 days" in introductory provisions.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B)(ii)(III). Pub. L. 110–317 substituted "hardship (including pursuant to a sole survivorship discharge, as that term is defined in section 1174(i) of title 10)," for "hardship,".

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 102–164, §301(b), substituted "90 days" for "180 days" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–164, §301(a), struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows:

"(1) An individual shall not be entitled to compensation under this subchapter for any week before the fifth week beginning after the week in which the individual was discharged or released.

"(2) The aggregate amount of compensation payable on the basis of Federal service (as defined in subsection (a)) to any individual with respect to any benefit year shall not exceed 13 times the individual's weekly benefit amount for total unemployment."

**1982**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–362, §201(a), substituted provision that "Federal service" means active service (not including active duty in a reserve status unless for a continuous period of 180 days or more) in the armed forces or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration if with respect to that service the individual was discharged or released under honorable conditions (and, if an officer, did not resign for the good of the service), and the individual was discharged or released after completing his first full term of active service which the individual initially agreed to serve, or the individual was discharged or released before completing such term of active service for the convenience of the Government under an early release program, because of medical disqualification, pregnancy, parenthood, or any service-incurred injury or disability, because of hardship, or because of personality disorders or inaptitude but only if the service was continuous for 365 days or more, for provision that "Federal service" meant active service, including active duty for training purposes, in the armed forces or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration which either began after January 31, 1955, or terminated after October 27, 1958, if that service was continuous for 365 days or more, or was terminated earlier because of an actual service-incurred injury or disability, and with respect to that service, the individual was discharged or released under honorable conditions, did not resign or voluntarily leave the service, and was not released or discharged for cause as defined by the Department of Defense.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–362, §201(b), added subsec. (c).

**1981**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 97–35 substituted "honorable conditions;" for "conditions other than dishonorable; and" in cl. (i), and "did not resign or voluntarily leave the service; and" for "was not given a bad conduct discharge, or, if an officer, did not resign for the good of the service;" in cl. (ii), and added cl. (iii).

**1980**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96–215 inserted "or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" after "armed forces" in provisions preceding subpar. (A).

Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–364 substituted "365" for "90".

**1976**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 94–566 added the Virgin Islands to definition of "State".

Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title V, §513(b), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 809, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 25, 2015], and shall apply with respect to periods of Federal service commencing on or after that date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–317 applicable with respect to any sole survivorship discharge granted after Aug. 29, 2008, see section 10 of Pub. L. 110–317, set out as a note under section 2108 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–164, title III, §301(c), Nov. 15, 1991, 105 Stat. 1059, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to weeks of unemployment beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 15, 1991]."

Pub. L. 97–362, title II, §201(c), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1732, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 97–35, title XXIV, §2405(b), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 876, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to terminations of service on or after July 1, 1981, but only in the case of weeks of unemployment beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 13, 1981]."

Pub. L. 96–364, title IV, §415(b), Sept. 26, 1980, 94 Stat. 1310, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to determinations of Federal service in the case of individuals filing claims for unemployment compensation on or after October 1, 1980."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–215 applicable with respect to assignments of services and wages pursuant to any first claim (for a benefit year) which is filed after Mar. 25, 1980, see section 4(c) of Pub. L. 96–215, set out as a note under section 8501 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to benefit years beginning on or after later of Oct. 1, 1976, or first day of first week for which compensation becomes payable under an unemployment compensation law of Virgin Islands which is approved by Secretary of Labor under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 116(f)(3) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–83 effective as of Sept. 6, 1966, for all purposes, see section 9(h) of Pub. L. 90–83, set out as a note under section 5102 of this title.

Notwithstanding section 8504 of this title, Federal service and Federal wages not previously assigned shall be assigned to the State in which the claimant first files claim for unemployment compensation after his latest discharge or release from Federal service. This assignment is deemed an assignment under section 8504 of this title for the purpose of this subchapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 94–566, title I, §116(e)(5), Oct. 20, 1976, 90 Stat. 2673.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1371(e). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §3 "Sec. 1511(e)", 72 Stat. 1088. | |

Sept. 13, 1960, Pub. L. 86–778, §542(c)(2), 74 Stat. 986. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–566 struck out "or to the Virgin Islands, as the case may be," after "shall be assigned to the State".

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–566 applicable with respect to benefit years beginning on or after later of Oct. 1, 1976, or first day of first week for which compensation becomes payable under an unemployment compensation law of Virgin Islands which is approved by Secretary of Labor under section 3304(a) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, see section 116(f)(3) of Pub. L. 94–566, set out as a note under section 3304 of Title 26.

(a) When designated by the Secretary of Labor, an agency of the United States shall make available to the appropriate State agency or to the Secretary, as the case may be, such information, including findings in the form and manner prescribed by regulations of the Secretary, as the Secretary considers practicable and necessary for the determination of the entitlement of an individual to compensation under this subchapter.

(b) Subject to correction of errors and omissions as prescribed by regulations of the Secretary, the following are final and conclusive for the purpose of sections 8502(d) and 8503(c) of this title:

(1) Findings by an agency of the United States made in accordance with subsection (a) of this section with respect to—

(A) whether or not an individual has met any condition specified by section 8521(a)(1) of this title;

(B) the periods of Federal service; and

(C) the pay grade of the individual at the time of his latest discharge or release from Federal service.

(2) The schedules of pay and allowances prescribed by the Secretary under section 8521(a)(2) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 591.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1371(d). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §3 "Sec. 1511(d)", 72 Stat. 1088. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 591, provided that a payment to ex-servicemen for unused accrued leave was to be deemed to continue Federal service during period after termination with respect to which the serviceman received payment and that such payment was to be deemed Federal wages subject to regulations concerning allocation over the period after termination.

Pub. L. 91–373, title I, §107, Aug. 10, 1970, 84 Stat. 701, provided that the repeal is effective with respect to benefit years which begin more than 30 days after the date of enactment of Pub. L. 91–373, which was approved on Aug. 10, 1970.

(a) Subsection (b)(2) does not apply to an individual who—

(1) is otherwise entitled to compensation under this subchapter;

(2) is described in section 3311(b) of title 38;

(3) is not receiving retired pay under title 10; and

(4) was discharged or released from service in the Armed Forces or the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (including through a reduction in force) under honorable conditions, but did not voluntarily separate from such service.

(b) An individual is not entitled to compensation under this subchapter for any period with respect to which the individual receives—

(1) a subsistence allowance under chapter 31 of title 38 or under part VIII of Veterans Regulation Numbered 1(a);

(2) except in the case of an individual described in subsection (a), an educational assistance allowance under chapter 33 of title 38; or

(3) an educational assistance allowance under chapter 35 of title 38.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(90), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title V, §560, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 828.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

42 U.S.C. 1371(g)–(i). | Aug. 28, 1958, Pub. L. 85–848, §3 "Sec. 1511 (g)–(i)", 72 Stat. 1089. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, §13(i)(3), 72 Stat. 1265. |


In subsection (b), the words "an education and training allowance under subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of section 1632 of title 38" are omitted as obsolete. The authority to pay an education and training allowance under section 1632 of title 38 terminated on January 31, 1965, pursuant to section 1613(a) of title 38.

Section 1371(i) of title 42, providing that certain individuals are not entitled to unemployment compensation under the provisions of subchapter I of chapter 41 of title 38, is omitted as obsolete. Subchapter I of chapter 41 of title 38, which related to unemployment compensation for Korean conflict veterans, was repealed by the Act of Sept. 19, 1962, Pub. L. 87–675, 76 Stat. 558.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

This section deletes subsection (a) of 5 U.S.C. 8525. That subsection is now obsolete in view of the repeal, effective July 1, 1966, of chapter 43 of title 38, U.S.C., by Public Law 89–50, section 1(a) (79 Stat. 173).

**2015**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–92, §560(b), added subsec. (a).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–92, §560(a)(1), substituted "the individual receives" for "he receives" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 114–92, §560(a)(2)–(4), added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).


**1994**—Pub. L. 103–409, §2(b), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4232, added item 8714d.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(a)(2)(B), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1747, added item 8713.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §208(b), July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, inserted "; assignment of ownership" in item 8706.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–427, §§2(e), 7(b), 8(c), and 9(b), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1832, 1836, 1837, added items 8714b and 8714c, substituted "Definitions" for "Definition" in item 8701, and struck out item 8713 "Advisory committee".

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §404(2), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 648, added item 8714a.

Pub. L. 90–83, §1(94), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219, substituted "Advisory committee" for "Advisors" in item 8713.

(a) For the purpose of this chapter, "employee" means—

(1) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title;

(2) a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title;

(3) a Congressional employee as defined by section 2107 of this title;

(4) the President;

(5) a justice or judge of the United States appointed to hold office during good behavior (i) who is in regular active judicial service, or (ii) who is retired from regular active service under section 371(b) or 372(a) of title 28, United States Code, or (iii) who has resigned the judicial office under section 371(a) of title 28 with the continued right during the remainder of his lifetime to receive the salary of the office at the time of his resignation;

(6) an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987;

(7) an individual employed by Gallaudet College; 1

(8) an individual employed by a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16;

(9) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838); and

(10) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President, or a former Vice President under section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (78 Stat. 153), who immediately before the date of such appointment was an employee as defined under any other paragraph of this subsection;

but does not include—

(A) an employee of a corporation supervised by the Farm Credit Administration if private interests elect or appoint a member of the board of directors;

(B) an individual who is not a citizen or national of the United States and whose permanent duty station is outside the United States, unless the individual was an employee for the purpose of this chapter on September 30, 1979, by reason of service in an Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, or the Smithsonian Institution in the area which was then known as the Canal Zone; or

(C) an employee excluded by regulation of the Office of Personnel Management under section 8716(b) of this title.

(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the employment of a teacher in the recess period between two school years in a position other than a teaching position in which he served immediately before the recess period does not qualify the individual as an employee for the purpose of this chapter. For the purpose of this subsection, "teacher" and "teaching position" have the meanings given them by section 901 of title 20.

(c) For the purpose of this chapter, "basic insurance amount" means, in the case of any employee under this chapter, an amount equal to the greater of—

(1) the annual rate of basic pay payable to the employee, rounded to the next higher multiple of $1,000, plus $2,000, or

(2) $10,000.

In the case of any former employee entitled to coverage under this chapter, the term means the basic insurance amount applicable for the employee at the time the insurance to which the employee is entitled as an employee under this chapter stops pursuant to section 8706(a) of this title.

(d)(1) For the purpose of this chapter, "family member", when used with respect to any individual, means—

(A) the spouse of the individual; and

(B) an unmarried dependent child of the individual (other than a stillborn child), including an adopted child, stepchild or foster child (but only if the stepchild or foster child lived with the individual in a regular parent-child relationship), or recognized natural child—

(i) who is less than 22 years of age, or

(ii) who is 22 years of age or older and is incapable of self-support because of a mental or physical disability which existed before the child became 22 years of age.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection, "dependent", in the case of any child, means that the individual involved was, at the time of the child's death, either living with or contributing to the support of the child, as determined in accordance with the regulations the Office shall prescribe.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 91–418, §3(a), Sept. 25, 1970, 84 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 93–160, §1(a), Nov. 27, 1973, 87 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(51), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1209(b), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 96–427, §§2(a), 8(b), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1831, 1837; Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §205, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(k)(1), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 100–679, §13(b), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4071; Pub. L. 105–311, §§3(1), 4, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2950; Pub. L. 114–136, §2(c)(4), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 2 U.S.C. 126. | Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, §603, 68 Stat. 1116. |

5 U.S.C. 2091(a) (1st sentence, less words between 6th and 7th commas), (b), (d) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 2d commas). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §2(a) (1st sentence, less words between 6th and 7th commas), (b), 68 Stat. 736. Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837, §501(c)(1) (as applicable to §2 (b)), 70 Stat. 882. Aug. 2, 1956, ch. 901, §1, 70 Stat. 955. July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(c) "(d) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 2d commas)". 74 Stat. 302. |
|

Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88–531 §2, 78 Stat. 737. | ||

[Uncodified]. | Aug. 25, 1958, Pub. L. 85–745, §1(b) (last sentence, as applicable to the Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1954), 72 Stat. 838. | |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 2358(c) (less applicability to the Civil Service Retirement Act). | July 17, 1959, Pub. L. 86–91, §10(c) (less applicability to the Civil Service Retirement Act), 73 Stat. 217. |


The definition of "Congressional employee" in section 2107 of this title includes an Official Reporter of Debates of the Senate and an individual employed by an Official Reporter of Debates of the Senate so that the inclusion of "a Congressional employee" in subsection (a)(3) provides the coverage for those individuals which was given by former section 126 of title 2.

The definition of "employee" in section 2105 of this title is broad enough to cover the officers and employees set out in former section 2091(a) with the exception of Members of Congress, the President, individuals employed either by the government of the District of Columbia or by Gallaudet College, and United States commissioners. Accordingly, these have been added specifically in paragraphs (2), (4), (5), (6), and (7).

In subsection (a) (B), the words "United States" are substituted for "a State of the United States or the District of Columbia".

Subsection (a)(C) is added for clarity.

In subsection (b), the last sentence is added on authority of former section 2351, which section is scheduled for transfer to section 901 of title 20.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838), referred to in subsec. (a)(9), is Pub. L. 85–745 and is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, referred to in subsec. (a)(10), is section 5 of Pub. L. 88–277, which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 114–136 substituted "section 5" for "section 4".

**1998**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–311, §3(1), substituted a period for comma after "$10,000" in par. (2) and struck out "except that the amount of insurance may not exceed the annual rate of basic pay payable for positions at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of this title, rounded to the next higher multiple of $1,000, plus $2,000." before last sentence.

Subsec. (d)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–311, §4, inserted "or foster child" after "stepchild" in two places in introductory provisions.

**1988**—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 100–679 added par. (10).

**1986**—Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 99–335 amended par. (6) generally, substituting "first employed" for "employed" and inserting "before October 1, 1987".

**1984**—Subsec. (a)(5) to (9). Pub. L. 98–353 added par. (5) and redesignated former pars. (5) to (8) as (6) to (9), respectively.

**1980**—Pub. L. 96–427, §2(a)(1), substituted "Definitions" for "Definition" in section catchline.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–427, §2(a)(2), added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–427, §8(b), added subsec. (d).

**1979**—Subsec. (a)(7) to (9). Pub. L. 96–54 struck out cl. (7) which related to coverage within term "employee" of a United States Commissioner, and redesignated cls. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively.

Subsec. (a)(B). Pub. L. 96–70 inserted provisions relating to an individual who was an employee for the purpose of this chapter on Sept. 30, 1979, by reason of service in an Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, or the Smithsonian Institution in the area which was then known as the Canal Zone.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(C). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1973**—Subsec. (a)(B). Pub. L. 93–160 excluded from definition of "employee" persons who are not nationals of the United States and whose permanent duty station is outside the United States and the Panama Canal Zone.

**1970**—Subsec. (a)(B). Pub. L. 91–418 excluded from definition of "employee" a noncitizen employee whose permanent duty station is outside the Panama Canal Zone.

Gallaudet College, referred to in subsec. (a)(7), redesignated Gallaudet University by section 101(a) of Pub. L. 99–371, which is classified to section 4301(a) of Title 20, Education.

Pub. L. 105–311, §11, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2954, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) separated from service before such effective date due to retirement or entitlement to compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) continued additional optional insurance pursuant to section 8714b(c)(2) as in effect immediately before such effective date.

"(f)

"(g)

"(1) begins on or after the date occurring 365 days after the first day of the election period authorized under section 9; and

"(2) follows a pay period in which the employee was in a pay and duty status."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–427, §10, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1838, provided that:

"(a) Unless otherwise specified, this Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1980] and shall have no effect in the case of an employee who died, was separated, or retired before the date of enactment.

"(b) The amendment made by subsection (d) of section 2 of this Act [amending section 8704 of this title] shall apply with respect to premium pay payable under section 5545(c)(2) of title 5, United States Code, from and after the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1980].

"(c) The amendment made by section 3 of this Act [amending section 8706 of this title] shall apply only in the case of an employee who retires or become entitled to receive compensation for work injury on or after the 180th day following the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1980], or any earlier date that the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe which is at least 60 days after the date of enactment.

"(d) The amendments made by sections 7 and 8 of this Act [enacting sections 8714b and 8714c of this title and amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the 180th day following the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1980], or on any earlier date that the Office may prescribe which is at least 60 days after the date of enactment, and shall have no effect in the case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired before the effective date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–311, §1, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2950, provided that: "This Act [amending this section and sections 7703, 8706, 8707, and 8714a to 8714c of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 7703 and 8714b of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Life Insurance Improvement Act'."

Pub. L. 103–409, §1, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4230, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 8714d of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8704, 8714, and 8901 of this title] may be cited as the 'FEGLI Living Benefits Act'."

Pub. L. 96–427, §1, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1831, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 8714b and 8714c of this title, amending this section and sections 8704, 8706, 8707, 8709, and 8714a of this title, repealing section 8713 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8704 and 8714a of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1980'."

Pub. L. 111–8, div. D, title III, §307(b), Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 648, provided that: "For purposes of construing and applying chapter 87 of title 5, United States Code, including any adjustment of insurance rates by regulation or otherwise, the following categories of judicial officers shall be deemed to be judges of the United States as described under section 8701 of title 5, United States Code:

"(1) United States magistrate judges.

"(2) Bankruptcy judges appointed under chapter 6 of title 28, United States Code.

"(3) Judges of the District Court of Guam, judges of the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, and judges of the District Court of the Virgin Islands.

"(4) Bankruptcy judges and magistrate judges retired under section 377 of title 28, United States Code.

"(5) Judges retired under section 373 of title 28, United States Code."

[Section 307(b) of Pub. L. 111–8, set out above, applicable with respect to any payment made on or after the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Jan. 7, 2008, see section 307(c) of Pub. L. 111–8, set out as an Effective Date of 2009 Amendment note under section 604 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.]

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior act:

Pub. L. 110–177, title V, §502(b), Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2542.

Pub. L. 105–311, §9, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2954, provided that: "Beginning not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 1998], the Office of Personnel Management shall conduct an open enrollment opportunity for purposes of chapter 87 of title 5, United States Code, over a period of not less than 8 weeks. During this period, an employee (as defined under section 8701(a) of such title)—

"(1) may, if the employee previously declined or voluntarily terminated any coverage under chapter 87 of such title, elect to begin, resume, or increase group life insurance (and acquire applicable accidental death and dismemberment insurance) under all sections of such chapter without submitting evidence of insurability; and

"(2) may, if currently insured for optional life insurance on family members, elect an amount above the minimum insurance on a spouse."

Pub. L. 103–409, §3(b), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4232, provided that:

"(1) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which, beginning not later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1994], and over a period of not less than 8 weeks—

"(A) an employee (as defined by section 8701(a) of title 5, United States Code) who declined or voluntarily terminated coverage under chapter 87 of such title—

"(i) may elect to begin, or to resume, group life insurance and group accidental death and dismemberment insurance; and

"(ii) may make such other elections under such chapter as the Office may allow; and

"(B) such other elections as the Office allows may be made.

"(2) The Office shall take such action as may be necessary to ensure that employees and any other individuals who would be eligible to make an election under this subsection are afforded advance notification to that effect."

For provisions relating to treatment of certain Federal employees of Saint Elizabeths Hospital under certain Federal employee benefit programs, see section 207(o) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

1 See Change of Name note below.

(a) An employee is automatically insured on the date he becomes eligible for insurance and each policy of insurance purchased by the Office of Personnel Management under this chapter shall provide for that automatic coverage.

(b) An employee desiring not to be insured shall give written notice to his employing office on a form prescribed by the Office. If the notice is received before he has become insured, he shall not be insured. If the notice is received after he has become insured, his insurance stops at the end of the pay period in which the notice is received.

(c) Notwithstanding a notice previously given under subsection (b), an employee who is deployed in support of a contingency operation (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10) or an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as an emergency essential employee under section 1580 of title 10 shall be insured if the employee, within 60 days after the date of notification of deployment or designation, elects to be insured under a policy of insurance under this chapter. An election under the preceding sentence shall be effective when provided to the Office in writing, in the form prescribed by the Office, within such 60-day period.

(d) Any services by an officer or employee under this chapter relating to benefits under this chapter shall be deemed, for purposes of section 1342 of title 31, services for emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 593; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1134(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–318; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1103(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4616; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1110(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1600.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2094(a) (less 1st par.). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §5(a) (less 1st par.), 68 Stat. 738. |


In subsection (a), the words "eligible for insurance" are coextensive with and substituted for "eligible under the terms of this chapter".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2019**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (d).

**2008**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–417 inserted "an employee who is deployed in support of a contingency operation (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10) or" after "subsection (b)," and substituted "the date of notification of deployment or" for "the date of the".

**2000**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–398 added subsec. (c).

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1110(d), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1600, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection[s] (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8905 of this title] shall apply to any lapse in appropriations beginning on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1110(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1600, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title XI, §1134(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–318, provided that: "For purposes of section 8702(c) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection (a)), an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as an emergency essential employee under section 1580 of title 10, United States Code, before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 30, 2000] shall be deemed to be so designated on the date of the enactment of this Act."

The Office of Personnel Management shall arrange to have each insured employee receive a certificate setting forth the benefits to which he is entitled, to whom the benefits are payable, to whom the claims shall be submitted, and summarizing the provisions of the policy principally affecting him. The certificate is issued instead of the certificate which the insurance company would otherwise be required to issue.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 593; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2098. | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §9, 68 Stat. 742. |


The words "each insured employee" are coextensive with and substituted for "each employee insured under such policy".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An employee eligible for insurance is entitled to be insured for an amount of group life insurance equal to—

(1) the employee's basic insurance amount, multiplied by

(2) the appropriate factor determined on the basis of the employee's age in accordance with the following schedule:

If the age of the employee is | The appropriate factor is: |
---|---|

35 or under | 2.0 |

36 | 1.9 |

37 | 1.8 |

38 | 1.7 |

39 | 1.6 |

40 | 1.5 |

41 | 1.4 |

42 | 1.3 |

43 | 1.2 |

44 | 1.1 |

45 or over | 1.0. |


(b) An employee eligible for insurance is entitled to be insured for group accidental death and dismemberment insurance in accordance with this subsection. Subject to the conditions and limitations approved by the Office of Personnel Management which are contained in the policy purchased by the Office, the group accidental death and dismemberment insurance provides payment as follows:

Loss | Amount payable |
---|---|

For loss of life | Full amount of the employee's basic insurance amount. |

Loss of one hand or of one foot or loss of sight of one eye | One-half the amount of the employee's basic insurance amount. |

Loss of two or more such members | Full amount of the employee's basic insurance amount. |


For any one accident the aggregate amount of group accidental death and dismemberment insurance that may be paid may not exceed an amount equal to the employee's basic insurance amount.

(c) The Office shall prescribe regulations providing for the conversion of other than annual rates of pay to annual rates of pay and shall specify the types of pay included in annual pay. For the purpose of this chapter, "annual pay" includes—

(1) premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title; and

(2) with respect to a law enforcement officer as defined in section 8331(20) or 8401(17) of this title, premium pay under section 5545(c)(2) of this title.

(d) In determining the amount of insurance to which an employee is entitled—

(1) a change in rate of pay under subchapter VI of chapter 53 of this title is deemed effective as of the first day of the pay period after the pay period in which the payroll change is approved; and

(2) a change in rate of pay under section 5344 or 5349 of this title is deemed effective as of the date of issuance of the order granting the increase or the effective date of the increase, whichever is later, except, that in the case of an employee who dies or retires during the period beginning on the effective date of the increase and ending on the date of the issuance of the order granting the increase, a change in rate of pay under either of such sections shall be deemed as having been in effect for such employee during that period.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 593; Pub. L. 89–737, §1(3), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1164; Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §401, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 646; Pub. L. 92–392, §11, Aug. 19, 1972, 86 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 95–454, title VIII, §801(a)(3)(E), title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1222, 1224; Pub. L. 96–427, §2(b)–(d), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1831, 1832; Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §103(b), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1744.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2092 (less (d)) | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §3 (less (d)), 68 Stat. 737. |

(d)(1) | [Uncodified]. | Aug. 23, 1958, Pub. L. 85–737, §3, 72 Stat. 831. |

(d)(2) | 5 U.S.C. 1183. | Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–872, §3, 72 Stat. 1697. |


In subsection (a), the words "An employee eligible for insurance is entitled" are coextensive with and substituted for "Each employee to whom this chapter applies shall be eligible".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1988**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 100–238 inserted "or 8401(17)" after "8331(20)".

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–427, §2(b), substituted new formula for group life insurance to be computed by multiplying the basic insurance with a factor to be obtained from the table based on age for provisions calling for group life insurance and an equal amount of death and dismemberment insurance in accordance with a schedule based on the basic pay with special provision for extension by the amount of increase in the annual rates of basic pay for positions at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of this title. Prior to this amendment, the table was as follows:

If annual pay is— | The amount of group life insurance is— | The amount of group accidental death and dismemberment insurance is— | |
---|---|---|---|

Greater than— | But not greater than— | ||

0 | $8,000 | $10,000 | $10,000 |

$8,000 | 9,000 | 11,000 | 11,000 |

9,000 | 10,000 | 12,000 | 12,000 |

10,000 | 11,000 | 13,000 | 13,000 |

11,000 | 12,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 |

12,000 | 13,000 | 15,000 | 15,000 |

13,000 | 14,000 | 16,000 | 16,000 |

14,000 | 15,000 | 17,000 | 17,000 |

15,000 | 16,000 | 18,000 | 18,000 |

16,000 | 17,000 | 19,000 | 19,000 |

17,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 20,000 |

18,000 | 19,000 | 21,000 | 21,000 |

19,000 | 20,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 |

20,000 | 21,000 | 23,000 | 23,000 |

21,000 | 22,000 | 24,000 | 24,000 |

22,000 | 23,000 | 25,000 | 25,000 |

23,000 | 24,000 | 26,000 | 26,000 |

24,000 | 25,000 | 27,000 | 27,000 |

25,000 | 26,000 | 28,000 | 28,000 |

26,000 | 27,000 | 29,000 | 29,000 |

27,000 | 28,000 | 30,000 | 30,000 |

28,000 | 29,000 | 31,000 | 31,000 |

29,000 | 32,000 | 32,000 |


Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–427, §2(c), inserted provision that an employee eligible for insurance is entitled to be insured for group accidental death and dismemberment insurance in accordance with this subsection and substituted reference to employee's basic insurance amount for reference to the amount shown in the schedule in subsec. (a) of this section in four places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–427, §2(d), expanded definition of "annual pay" to include premium pay under section 5545(c)(2) of this title with respect to a law enforcement officer as defined in section 8331(20) of this title.

**1978**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 95–454, §801(a)(3)(E), substituted "subchapter VI of chapter 53" for "section 5337".

**1972**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 92–392 substituted "section 5344 or 5349 of this title" for "section 5343 of this title" and added the exception.

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–206, in material preceding the table, struck out reference to an approximate relationship between the amount of group life insurance and the eligible employee's annual pay and inserted reference to an automatic extension of the schedule correspondingly by the amounts of increases in the annual rate of basic pay for positions at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of this title, and raised the insurance coverages for both life and accidental death and dismemberment.

**1966**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–737 inserted provision that, for the purpose of this chapter, "annual pay" includes premium pay under section 5545(c)(1) of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–238 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 103(f) of Pub. L. 100–238 set out as a note under section 3307 of this title.

Amendment by section 2(d) of Pub. L. 96–427 applicable with respect to premium pay payable under section 5545(c)(2) of this title from and after the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after Oct. 10, 1980, see section 10(b) of Pub. L. 96–427, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–427, §2(f), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1832, provided that: "Subsections (b) and (c) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect beginning with the first pay period beginning on or after October 1, 1981."

Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(E) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title.

Amendment by section 906(a)(2), (3) of Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 92–392 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Aug. 19, 1972, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 92–392, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5341 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §405(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 648, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 401 to 403, inclusive, of this Act [amending this section and sections 8707 and 8708 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the sixtieth day following the date of enactment [Dec. 16, 1967]. In the case of an employee who dies or retires during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act and prior to the effective date prescribed by this subsection, the amount of insurance shall be determined as if the amendments made by section 401 [amending this section] were in effect for such employee during such period."

Amendment by Pub. L. 89–737 applicable with respect to premium pay payable from and after first day of first pay period which begins after date of enactment of Pub. L. 89–737, which was approved Nov. 2, 1966, see section 4 of Pub. L. 89–737, set out in the note under section 8114 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §405(c), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 648, provided that: "The amendments made by sections 401 to 404, inclusive, of this Act [enacting section 8714a of this title and amending this section and sections 8707 and 8708 of this title] shall have no effect in the case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired prior to the date of enactment [Dec. 16, 1967]."

Pub. L. 90–206, title II, §220(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 639, provided that: "For the purposes of determining the amount of insurance for which an individual is eligible chapter 87 of title 5, United States Code, relating to group life insurance for Federal employees—

"(1) all changes in rates of pay which result from the enactment of this title [see Short Title Note under section 5332 of this title] except Postal Field Service Schedule II, Rural Carrier Schedule II, and sections 207, 212, 213(d) and (e), 215, 219, and 225) shall be held and considered to become effective as of the date of such enactment [Dec. 16, 1967]; and

"(2) all changes in rates of pay which result from the enactment of section 212 of this title [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5303 of this title] and which take effect retroactively from the date on which the adjustments thereof are actually ordered under such section, shall be held and considered to become effective on the date on which such adjustments are actually ordered."

[Section 220(b) of Pub. L. 90–206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a) (1) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3110 of this title.]

(a) Except as provided in subsection (e), the amount of group life insurance and group accidental death insurance in force on an employee at the date of his death shall be paid, on the establishment of a valid claim, to the person or persons surviving at the date of his death, in the following order of precedence:

First, to the beneficiary or beneficiaries designated by the employee in a signed and witnessed writing received before death in the employing office or, if insured because of receipt of annuity or of benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title as provided by section 8706(b) of this title, in the Office of Personnel Management. For this purpose, a designation, change, or cancellation of beneficiary in a will or other document not so executed and filed has no force or effect.

Second, if there is no designated beneficiary, to the widow or widower of the employee.

Third, if none of the above, to the child or children of the employee and descendants of deceased children by representation.

Fourth, if none of the above, to the parents of the employee or the survivor of them.

Fifth, if none of the above, to the duly appointed executor or administrator of the estate of the employee.

Sixth, if none of the above, to other next of kin of the employee entitled under the laws of the domicile of the employee at the date of his death.

(b) If, within 1 year after the death of the employee, no claim for payment has been filed by a person entitled under the order of precedence named by subsection (a) of this section, or if payment to the person within that period is prohibited by Federal statute or regulation, payment may be made in the order of precedence as if the person had predeceased the employee, and the payment bars recovery by any other person.

(c) If, within 2 years after the death of the employee, no claim for payment has been filed by a person entitled under the order of precedence named by subsection (a) of this section, and neither the Office nor the administrative office established by the company concerned pursuant to section 8709(b) of this title has received notice that such a claim will be made, payment may be made to the claimant who in the judgment of the Office is equitably entitled thereto, and the payment bars recovery by any other person.

(d) If, within 4 years after the death of the employee, payment has not been made under this section and no claim for payment by a person entitled under this section is pending, the amount payable escheats to the credit of the Employees' Life Insurance Fund.

(e)(1) Any amount which would otherwise be paid to a person determined under the order of precedence named by subsection (a) shall be paid (in whole or in part) by the Office to another person if and to the extent expressly provided for in the terms of any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of any court order or court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, a decree, order, or agreement referred to in paragraph (1) shall not be effective unless it is received, before the date of the covered employee's death, by the employing agency or, if the employee has separated from service, by the Office.

(3) A designation under this subsection with respect to any person may not be changed except—

(A) with the written consent of such person, if received as described in paragraph (2); or

(B) by modification of the decree, order, or agreement, as the case may be, if received as described in paragraph (2).

(4) The Office shall prescribe any regulations necessary to carry out this subsection, including regulations for the application of this subsection in the event that two or more decrees, orders, or agreements, are received with respect to the same amount.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 594; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(91), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–583, §1(b), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2481; Pub. L. 105–205, §1, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 683.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2093. | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §4, 68 Stat. 738. Aug. 28, 1962, Pub. L. 87–611, §1, 76 Stat. 406. |


In subsection (c), the words "Employees' Life Insurance Fund" are substituted for "fund created pursuant to section 2094(c) of this title".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8705(a) | 5 App.: 2093. | Mar. 23, 1966, Pub. L. 89–373, §1, 80 Stat. 78. |


In subsection (a), "Civil Service Commission" is substituted for "Commission" on authority of former 5 U.S.C. 2091(a).

In subsection (c), "Commission" is substituted for "Civil Service Commission" for consistency of style. The full title of the Commission is set forth the first time it is used in a section.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–205, §1(1), substituted "Except as provided in subsection (e), the" for "The".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–205, §1(2), added subsec. (e).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–583 struck out "or (c)" after "section 8706(b)".

Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–583 effective Nov. 2, 1978, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–583, set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) A policy purchased under this chapter shall contain a provision, approved by the Office of Personnel Management, to the effect that insurance on an employee stops on his separation from the service or 12 months after discontinuance of his pay, whichever is earlier, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office. Justices and judges of the United States described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter are deemed to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter.

(b)(1) In the case of any employee who retires on an immediate annuity and has been insured under this chapter throughout—

(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date of the employee's retirement, or

(B) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if fewer than 5 years,

life insurance, without accidental death and dismemberment insurance, may be continued, under conditions determined by the Office.

(2) In the case of any employee who becomes entitled to receive compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee and has been insured under this chapter throughout—

(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date the employee becomes entitled to compensation, or

(B) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if fewer than 5 years,

life insurance, without accidental death and dismemberment insurance, may be continued, under conditions determined by the Office, during the period the employee is receiving compensation and is held by the Secretary of Labor or the Secretary's delegate to be unable to return to duty.

(3) The amount of life insurance continued under paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection shall be continued, with or without reduction, at the end of each full calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is receiving compensation for disease or injury, in accordance with the employee's written election at the time eligibility to continue insurance during retirement or receipt of compensation arises, as follows:

(A) the employee may elect to have the deductions required by section 8707 of this title withheld from annuity or compensation, and the employee's life insurance shall be reduced each month by 2 percent of the face value until 25 percent of the amount of life insurance in force before the first reduction remains; or

(B) in addition to any deductions which would be required if the insurance were continued as provided under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the employee may elect continuous withholdings from annuity or compensation in amounts determined by the Office, and the employee's life insurance coverage shall be either continued without reduction or reduced each month by no more than 1 percent of its face value until no less than 50 percent of the amount of insurance in force before the first reduction remains.

(4) If an employee elects to continue insurance under subparagraph (B) of paragraph (3) of this subsection at the time eligibility to continue insurance during retirement or receipt of compensation for disease or injury arises, the individual may later cancel that election and life insurance coverage shall continue as if the individual had originally elected coverage under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (3) of this subsection.

(c) Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section, an employee who enters on approved leave without pay to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees as defined by section 8701(a) of this title, within 60 days after entering on that leave without pay, may elect to continue his insurance and arrange to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through his employing agency, both employee and agency contributions from the beginning of leave without pay. The employing agency shall forward the premium payments to the Fund. If the employee does not so elect, his insurance will continue during nonpay status and stop as provided by subsection (a) of this section.

(d)(1) An employee who enters on approved leave without pay in the circumstances described in paragraph (2) may elect to have such employee's life insurance continue (beyond the end of the 12 months of coverage provided for under subsection (a)) for an additional 12 months and arrange to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through such employee's employing agency, both employee and agency contributions, from the beginning of that additional 12 months of coverage. The employing agency shall forward the premium payments to the Fund. If the employee does not so elect, such employee's insurance will continue during nonpay status and stop as provided by subsection (a). An individual making an election under this subsection may cancel that election at any time, in which case such employee's insurance will stop as provided by subsection (a) or upon receipt of notice of cancellation, whichever is later.

(2) This subsection applies in the case of any employee who—

(A) is a member of a reserve component of the armed forces called or ordered to active duty under a call or order that does not specify a period of 30 days or less; and

(B) enters on approved leave without pay to perform active duty pursuant to such call or order.

(e) If the insurance of an employee stops because of separation from the service or suspension without pay, and the separation or suspension is thereafter officially found to have been erroneous, the employee is deemed to have been insured during the period of erroneous separation or suspension. Deductions otherwise required by section 8707 of this chapter shall not be withheld from any backpay awarded for the period of separation or suspension unless death or accidental dismemberment of the employee occurs during such period.

(f)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, each policy purchased under this chapter shall provide that an insured employee or former employee may make an irrevocable assignment of the employee's or former employee's incidents of ownership in the policy.

(2) A court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, or the terms of a court-approved property settlement agreement incident to any court decree of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, may direct that an insured employee or former employee make an irrevocable assignment of the employee's or former employee's incidents of ownership in insurance under this chapter (if there is no previous assignment) to the person specified in the court order or court-approved property settlement agreement.

(g) If the insurance of a former employee receiving a disability annuity under section 8337 of this title stops because of the termination of such annuity, and such annuity is thereafter restored under the second or third sentence of subsection (e) of such section, such former employee may, under regulations prescribed by the Office, elect to resume the insurance coverage which was so stopped.

(h) The insurance of an employee under a policy purchased under section 8709 shall not be invalidated based on a finding that the employee erroneously became insured, or erroneously continued insurance upon retirement or entitlement to compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title, if such finding occurs after the erroneous insurance and applicable withholdings have been in force for 2 years during the employee's lifetime.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(92), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 92–529, Oct. 21, 1972, 86 Stat. 1050; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–583, §1(a), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2481; Pub. L. 96–427, §3(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §§206, 208, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, as amended by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–53, §3(b), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 95; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(k)(2), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(74), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 103–336, §4, Oct. 3, 1994, 108 Stat. 2662; Pub. L. 105–205, §2, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 683; Pub. L. 105–311, §5, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2951; Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1102, Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 345.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a)–(c) | 5 U.S.C. 2095. | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §6, 68 Stat. 739. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 794, §2(a), 69 Stat. 677. |

May 28, 1956, ch. 328, §1, 70 Stat. 213. | ||

Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–377, §4(c), 73 Stat. 701. | ||

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 2091(c). | Aug. 1, 1956, ch. 837, §501(c)(1) (less applicability to §2(b)), 70 Stat. 882. |


In subsection (b), the words "armed forces" are coextensive with and substituted for "Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, or Coast Guard of the United States" in view of the definition of "armed forces" in section 2101.

In subsection (c), the word "only" is supplied for clarity and for consistency with subsection (b). The words "under conditions determined by the Commission, without cost to him" are coextensive with and substituted for "as provided in subsection (b) of this section".

In subsection (d), the first sentence of former section 2091(c) is omitted as unnecessary as the definition of "employee" in section 8701 precludes acquisition of coverage by a member of a uniformed service. The words "section 101 of title 38" are substituted for "section 1101 of title 38" on authority of section 5(a) of the Act of Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–857, 72 Stat. 1262.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
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8706(e) | 5 App.: 2095(d). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §406(a), 80 Stat. 298. |


The words "subsections (a)–(c) of this section" are substituted for "the foregoing" to reflect the codification of former 5 U.S.C. 2095. The word "officer" is omitted as included in "employee." The words "as defined by section 8701(a) of this title" are substituted for "as defined in section 2 of the Act" to reflect the codification of that section in 5 U.S.C. 8701(a). The words "Employees' Life Insurance Fund" and "Fund" are substituted for "fund" and "fund established by section 5 of this Act", respectively.

**2008**—Subsecs. (d) to (h). Pub. L. 110–181 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) to (g) as (e) to (h), respectively.

**1998**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–205 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–311 added subsec. (g).

**1994**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–336 substituted "employee or former employee" for "Federal judge", "employee's or former employee's" for "judge's", and "purchased" for "purchase".

**1992**—Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 102–378 redesignated subsec. (g) as (f).

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), inserted sentence which deemed justices and judges described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter.

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 99–335 struck out subsec. (c) and redesignated subsecs. (d) to (f) as (c) to (e), respectively. Former subsec. (c) provided that insurance granted an employee stops, except for a 31-day extension of life insurance coverage, on the day immediately before his entry on active duty or active duty for training unless the period is covered by military leave with pay but does not stop during a period of inactive duty training and defined "active duty", "active duty for training", and "inactive duty training" as having the meanings given them by section 101 of title 38.

**1985**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–53 added subsec. (g).

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–353, §208(b), inserted "; assignment of ownership" in section catchline.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–353, §208(a), added subsec. (f).

**1980**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–427 added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

"(1) If on the date the insurance would otherwise stop the employee retires on an immediate annuity and has been insured under this chapter throughout—

"(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding such date, or

"(B) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if less than 5 years,

life insurance only may be continued, without cost to the employee, under conditions determined by the Office.

"(2) If on the date the insurance would otherwise stop the employee is receiving compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee and has been insured under this chapter throughout—

"(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding such date, or

"(B) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if less than 5 years,

life insurance only may be continued, without cost to the employee, under conditions determined by the Office, during the period the employee is receiving compensation for work injuries and is held by the Secretary of Labor or his delegate to be unable to return to duty.

"(3) The amount of life insurance continued under paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of this subsection shall be reduced by 2 percent at the end of each full calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is receiving such compensation for disease or injury. The Office shall prescribe minimum amounts, not less than 25 percent of the amount of life insurance in force before the first reduction, to which the insurance may be reduced."

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(a)(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: "If on the date the insurance would otherwise stop the employee retires on an immediate annuity and—

"(1) his retirement is for disability; or

"(2) he has completed 12 years of creditable service as determined by the Commission;

his life insurance only may be continued, without cost to him, under conditions determined by the Commission. Periods of honorable, active service in the armed forces shall be credited toward the required 12 years if the employee has completed at least 5 years of civilian service. The amount of life insurance continued under this subsection shall be reduced by 2 percent at the end of each full calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age or retires, whichever is later. The Commission may prescribe minimum amounts, not less than 25 percent of the amount of life insurance in force before the first reduction, to which the insurance may be reduced."

Pub. L. 95–454, which substituted "Office" for "Commission", was executed to text of subsec. (b) as amended by Pub. L. 95–583. See Effective Date of 1978 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(a)(1), (2), struck out "If on the date the insurance would otherwise stop the employee is receiving benefits under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to himself, his life insurance only may be continued, without cost to him, under conditions determined by the Commission while he is receiving the benefits and is held by the Department of Labor to be unable to return to duty." and redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and substituted reference to "subsections (a) and (b) of this section" for "subsections (a)–(c) of this section". Former subsec. (d) redesignated (c).

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively.

**1972**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–529 added subsec. (f).

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–311 effective in any case in which a finding of erroneous insurance coverage is made on or after Oct. 30, 1998, see section 11(c) of Pub. L. 105–311, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §207, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(2), provided that: "The amendments to chapter 87 of title 5, United States Code, made by section 206 of this Act [which, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), amended this section and sections 8714a to 8714c of this title] shall apply in the case of any justice or judge who is retired under section 371(a) or 371(b) or 372(a) of title 28, United States Code. The amendments apply to those who retire on or after January 1, 1982."

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §209, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, provided that:

"(a) Except as provided in subsection (b), the amendments made by this Act to section 8706 of title 5, United States Code, shall apply to policies purchased by judges after the date of enactment of this Act [July 10, 1984].

"(b) If a company which issued a policy which is in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act agrees, the amendments made by this Act [probably should be 'made by this Act to section 8706 of title 5'] shall apply to such policy."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–427 applicable only in case of an employee who retires or becomes entitled to receive compensation for work injury on or after 180th day following Oct. 10, 1980, or any earlier date that Office of Personnel Management may prescribe which is at least 60 days after Oct. 10, 1980, see section 10(c) of Pub. L. 96–427, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–583, §3, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2482, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and sections 8705, 8714a, and 8901 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 2, 1978]."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–53, §3(c), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 95, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8908 of this title] shall apply with respect to any individual whose disability annuity is or was restored under section 8337(e) of title 5, United States Code, after December 31, 1983.

"(2)(A) The Office of Personnel Management shall notify each individual under subparagraph (B) of any rights which such individual may have under section 8706(g) or section 8908(c) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this section, including any procedures or deadlines which may apply with respect to the exercise of those rights.

"(B) Notification under this paragraph shall be provided to any individual who, as of the 90th day after the date of enactment of this Act [June 17, 1985], is receiving a disability annuity which was restored to such individual under section 8337(e) of title 5, United States Code, after December 31, 1983.

"(3)(A) Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize—

"(i) coverage under chapter 87 of title 5, United States Code, in the case of any individual who makes an election under section 8706(g) of such title (as amended by this Act), for any period before the date of such election; or

"(ii) coverage under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in the case of any individual who becomes enrolled in a health benefits plan under section 8908(c) of such title (as amended by this Act), for any period before the date as of which such individual becomes so enrolled.

"(B) This paragraph applies with respect to any individual receiving a disability annuity which is or was restored under section 8337(e) of title 5, United States Code, after December 31, 1983, and before the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [June 17, 1985]."

Pub. L. 89–504, title IV, §406(c), July 18, 1966, 80 Stat. 298, provided that: "An officer or employee who is on approved leave without pay and serving as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees, as defined in section 2 of the Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance Act of 1954, as amended (5 U.S.C. 2091) [section 8701 of this title] or section 2 of the Federal Employees Health Benefits Act of 1959, as amended (5 U.S.C. 3001) [section 8901 of this title] as the case may be, may, within sixty days after the date of enactment of this Act [July 18, 1966], file with his employing agency an election (1) to continue any insurance status or health benefits enrollment, or both, that he has on the date of enactment of this Act [July 18, 1966], (2) to reacquire any insurance status or health benefits enrollment, or both, which he may have lost while on leave without pay, or (3) to acquire as insured status or enroll in a health benefits plan, or both, if he was never previously eligible to do so, by arranging to pay currently and continuously into the employees' life insurance fund and the employees' health benefits fund, as appropriate, through his employing agency, both employee and agency contributions. The employing agency shall forward such payments to the employees' life insurance fund and the employees' health benefits fund, as appropriate. If he does not so elect, his insurance status and health benefits enrollment will continue and terminate as for other employees in nonpay status, or he will remain ineligible for insurance and health benefits, as the case may be, as though this paragraph had not been enacted. The United States Civil Service Commission is authorized to issue regulations to carry out the purposes of this paragraph."

[Provision effective July 18, 1966, see section 410(1) of Pub. L. 89–504.]

(a) Subject to subsection (c)(2), during each period in which an employee is insured under a policy purchased by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8709 of this title, there shall be withheld from the employee's pay a share of the cost of the group life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment insurance.

(b)(1) Subject to subsection (c)(2), whenever life insurance continues after an employee retires on an immediate annuity or while the employee is receiving compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee, as provided in section 8706(b) of this title, deductions for insurance shall be withheld from the employee's annuity or compensation, except that, in any case in which the insurance is continued as provided in section 8706(b)(3)(A) of this title, the deductions shall not be made for months after the calendar month in which the employee becomes 65 years of age.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1) of this subsection, insurance shall be so continued without cost (other than as provided under section 8706(b)(3)(B)) to each employee who so retires, or commences receiving compensation, on or before December 31, 1989.

(c)(1) The amount withheld from the pay, annuity, or compensation of each employee subject to insurance deductions shall be at the rate, adjusted to the nearest half-cent, of 662/3 percent of the level cost as determined by the Office for each $1,000 of the employee's basic insurance amount.

(2) An employee who is subject to withholdings under this section and whose pay, annuity, or compensation is insufficient to cover such withholdings may nevertheless continue insurance if the employee arranges to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through the agency or retirement system that administers pay, annuity, or compensation, an amount equal to the withholdings that would otherwise be required under this section.

(d) If an agency fails to withhold the proper amount of life insurance deductions from an individual's salary, compensation, or retirement annuity, the collection of unpaid deductions may be waived by the agency if, in the judgment of the agency, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. However, if the agency so waives the collection of unpaid deductions, the agency shall submit an amount equal to the sum of the uncollected deductions and related agency contributions required under section 8708 of this title to the Office for deposit to the Employees' Life Insurance Fund.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §402, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 647; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–427, §4(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1833; Pub. L. 105–311, §6(1), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2951.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2094(a) (1st par.). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §5(a) (1st par.), 68 Stat. 738. Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–377, §4(b), 73 Stat. 701. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–311, §6(1)(A), substituted "Subject to subsection (c)(2), during" for "During".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–311, §6(1)(B), substituted "Subject to subsection (c)(2), whenever" for "Whenever".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–311, §6(1)(C), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1980**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–427 designated first sentence of existing section as subsec. (a) and substituted "a policy purchased" for "a policy of insurance purchased" and "the employee's pay a share of the cost" for "the pay of the employee his share of the cost".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–427 added subsec. (b).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–427 designated second sentence of existing section as subsec. (c) and inserted reference to pay, annuity, or compensation of each employee.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–427 added subsec. (d).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

**1967**—Pub. L. 90–206 struck out reference to the Civil Service Commission's function of determining the amount to be withheld for group insurance and substituted provisions setting a rate of 662/3 percent of the level cost of each $1,000 of insurance as determined by the Commission for provisions setting a limit of 25 cents biweekly for each $1,000 of group life insurance and directing the withholding of the amount from employees paid on other than a biweekly basis at a proportional rate adjusted to the nearest cent.

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 30, 1998, see section 11(d) of Pub. L. 105–311, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–427 effective Oct. 10, 1980, with the amendment to have no effect in case of an employee who died, was separated, or retired before Oct. 10, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–427, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after sixtieth day following Dec. 16, 1967, see section 405(a) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 8704 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 to have no effect in case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired prior to Dec. 16, 1967, see section 405(c) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 8704 of this title.

(a) For each period in which an employee is insured under a policy of insurance purchased by the Office of Personnel Management under section 8709 of this title, a sum equal to one-half the amount which is withheld from the pay of the employee under section 8707 of this title shall be contributed from the appropriation or fund which is used to pay him.

(b) When an employee is paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may contribute the sum required by subsection (a) of this section from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives.

(c) When the employee is an elected official, the sum required by subsection (a) of this section is contributed from an appropriation or fund available for payment of other salaries of the same office or establishment.

(d)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, for each period in which an employee continues life insurance after retirement or while in receipt of compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee, as provided under section 8706(b) of this title, a sum equal to one-half of the amount which is withheld from the employee's annuity or compensation under section 8707 of this title shall be contributed by the Office from annual appropriations which are authorized to be made for that purpose and which may be made available until expended.

(2) Contributions under this subsection—

(A) shall not be made other than with respect to individuals who retire, or commence receiving compensation, after December 31, 1989;

(B) shall not be made with respect to any individual for months after the calendar month in which such individual becomes 65 years of age; and

(C) shall, in the case of any individual who elects coverage under subparagraph (B) of section 8706(b)(3) of this title, be equal to the amount which would apply under this subsection if such individual had instead elected coverage under subparagraph (A) of such section.

(3) The United States Postal Service shall pay the contributions required under this subsection with respect to any individual who—

(A) first becomes an annuitant by reason of retirement from employment with the United States Postal Service after December 31, 1989; or

(B) commences receiving compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title (because of disease or injury to the individual) after December 31, 1989, if the position last held by the individual before commencing to receive such compensation was within the United States Postal Service.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 595; Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §403, Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 647; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 101–303, §2, May 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(18), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1746.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a), (c) | 5 U.S.C. 2094(b). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §5(b), 68 Stat. 738. |

(b) | 2 U.S.C. 128. | Aug. 5, 1955, ch. 568, §101 (4th par. under "Administrative Provisions"), 69 Stat. 513. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, the Chief Administrative Officer may contribute the sum required by subsection (a) of this section from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives." for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, the Clerk may contribute the sum required by subsection (a) of this section from the contingent fund of the House."

**1990**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–303 added subsec. (d).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1967**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–206 substituted provisions setting the sum to be withheld at one-half the amount withheld from the pay of the employee under section 8707 of this title for provisions setting the sum to be withheld at a rate to be determined by the Commission not to exceed one-half of the amount withheld under section 8707 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after sixtieth day following December 16, 1967, see section 405(a) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 8704 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–206 to have no effect in case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired prior to Dec. 16, 1967, see section 405(c) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as a note under section 8704 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, may purchase from one or more life insurance companies a policy or policies of group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance to provide the benefits specified by this chapter. A company must meet the following requirements:

(1) It must be licensed to transact life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance under the laws of 48 of the States and the District of Columbia.

(2) It must have in effect, on the most recent December 31 for which information is available to the Office, an amount of employee group life insurance equal to at least 1 percent of the total amount of employee group life insurance in the United States in all life insurance companies.

(b) A company issuing a policy under subsection (a) of this section shall establish an administrative office under a name approved by the Office.

(c) The Office at any time may discontinue a policy purchased from a company under subsection (a) of this section.

(d)(1) The provisions of any contract under this chapter which relate to the nature or extent of coverage or benefits (including payments with respect to benefits) shall supersede and preempt any law of any State or political subdivision thereof, or any regulation issued thereunder, which relates to group life insurance to the extent that the law or regulation is inconsistent with the contractual provisions.

(2) For the purpose of this section, "State" means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and a territory or possession of the United States.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 596; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–427, §5(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(11), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2096 (less (c)–(e)). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §7 (less (c)–(e)), 68 Stat. 739. |


In subsection (a), the words "as determined by it" are omitted as unnecessary.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41" in introductory provisions.

**1980**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–427 added subsec. (d).

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–427 effective Oct. 10, 1980, with the amendment to have no effect in case of an employee who died, was separated, or retired before Oct. 10, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–427, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall arrange with a company issuing a policy under this chapter for the reinsurance, under conditions approved by the Office, of portions of the total amount of insurance under the policy, determined under this section, with other life insurance companies which elect to participate in the reinsurance.

(b) The Office shall determine for and in advance of a policy year which companies are eligible to participate as reinsurers and the amount of insurance under a policy which is to be allocated to the issuing company and to reinsurers. The Office shall make this determination at least every 3 years and when a participating company withdraws.

(c) The Office shall establish a formula under which the amount of insurance retained by an issuing company after ceding reinsurance, and the amount of reinsurance ceded to each reinsurer, is in proportion to the total amount of each company's group life insurance, excluding insurance purchased under this chapter, in force in the United States on the determination date, which is the most recent December 31 for which information is available to the Office. In determining the proportions, the portion of a company's group life insurance in force on the determination date in excess of $100,000,000 shall be reduced by—

(1) 25 percent of the first $100,000,000 of the excess;

(2) 50 percent of the second $100,000,000 of the excess;

(3) 75 percent of the third $100,000,000 of the excess; and

(4) 95 percent of the remaining excess.

However, the amount retained by or ceded to a company may not exceed 25 percent of the amount of the company's total life insurance in force in the United States on the determination date.

(d) A fraternal benefit association which is—

(1) licensed to transact life insurance under the laws of a State or the District of Columbia; and

(2) engaged in issuing insurance certificates on the lives of employees of the United States exclusively;

is eligible to act as a reinsuring company and may be allocated an amount of reinsurance equal to 25 percent of its total life insurance in force on employees of the United States on the determination date named by subsection (c) of this section.

(e) An issuing company or reinsurer is entitled, as a minimum, to be allocated an amount of insurance under the policy equal to any reduction from December 31, 1953, to the determination date, in the amount of the company's group life insurance under policies issued to associations of employees of the United States. However, any increase under this subsection in the amount allocated is reduced by the amount in force on the determination date of any policy covering life insurance agreements assumed by the Office.

(f) The Office may modify the computations under this section as necessary to carry out the intent of this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 596; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2096(c)–(e). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §7(c)–(e), 68 Stat. 739. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 794, §3, 69 Stat. 677. |


The section is reorganized to clarify the steps in the computation of the insurance allocable to issuing and reinsuring companies.

In subsections (c) and (d), references to the first determination date, December 31, 1953, are omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c), (e), (f). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) A policy purchased under this chapter shall include, for the first policy year, basic tables of premium rates as follows:

(1) For group life insurance, a schedule of basic premium rates by age which the Office of Personnel Management determines to be consistent with the lowest schedule of basic premium rates generally charged for new group life insurance policies issued to large employers.

(2) For group accidental death and dismemberment insurance, a basic premium rate which the Office determines is consistent with the lowest rate generally charged for new group accidental death and dismemberment policies issued to large employers.

The schedule for group life insurance, except as otherwise provided by this section, shall be applied to the distribution by age of the amounts of group life insurance under the policy at its date of issuance to determine an average basic premium rate per $1,000 of life insurance.

(b) The policy shall provide that the basic premium rates determined for the first policy year continue for later policy years except as readjusted for a later year based on experience under the policy. The company issuing the policy may make the readjustment on a basis that the Office determines in advance of the policy year is consistent with the general practice of life insurance companies under policies of group life and group accidental death and dismemberment insurance issued to large employers.

(c) The policy shall provide that if the Office determines that ascertaining the actual age distribution of the amounts of group life insurance in force at the date of issue of the policy or at the end of the first or any later year of insurance thereunder would not be possible except at a disproportionately high expense, the Office may approve the determination of a tentative average group life premium rate, for the first or any later policy year, instead of using the actual age distribution. The Office, on request by the company issuing the policy, shall redetermine the tentative average premium rate during any policy year, if experience indicates that the assumptions made in determining that rate were incorrect for that year.

(d) The policy shall stipulate the maximum expense and risk charges for the first policy year. The Office shall determine these charges on a basis consistent with the general level of charges made by life insurance companies under policies of group life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance issued to large employers. The maximum charges continue from year to year, except that the Office may redetermine them for any year either by agreement with the company issuing the policy or on written notice given to the company at least 1 year before the beginning of the year for which the redetermined maximum charges will be effective.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2097 (less (d)). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §8 (less (d)), 68 Stat. 740. |


In subsection (a), the word "policy" is substituted for "policy or policies" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1. In subsections (b) and (c), the words "The policy" are substituted for "Each policy so purchased". In subsections (b), (c), and (d), the word "insurance", preceding the word "company", is omitted as unnecessary; and the word "company" is substituted for "company or companies" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

A policy purchased under this chapter shall provide for an accounting to the Office of Personnel Management not later than 90 days after the end of each policy year. The accounting shall set forth, in a form approved by the Office—

(1) the amounts of premiums actually accrued under the policy from its date of issue to the end of the policy year;

(2) the total of all mortality and other claim charges incurred for that period; and

(3) the amounts of the insurers' expense and risk charges for that period.

An excess of the total of paragraph (1) of this section over the sum of paragraphs (2) and (3) of this section shall be held by the company issuing the policy as a special contingency reserve to be used by the company only for charges under the policy. The reserve shall bear interest at a rate determined in advance of each policy year by the company and approved by the Office as being consistent with the rates generally used by the company for similar funds held under other group life insurance policies. When the Office determines that the special contingency reserve has attained an amount estimated by it to make satisfactory provision for adverse fluctuations in future charges under the policy, any further excess shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Employees' Life Insurance Fund. When a policy is discontinued, any balance remaining in the special contingency reserve after all charges have been made shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the Fund. The company may make the deposit in equal monthly installments over a period of not more than 2 years.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2097(d). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §8(d), 68 Stat. 741. |


The words "A policy purchased under this chapter" are substituted for "Each such policy" for clarity. The word "insurance", preceding the word "company", is omitted as unnecessary; and the word "company" is substituted for "company or companies" on authority of 1 U.S.C. 1.

The words "Employees' Life Insurance Fund" are substituted for "fund".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Any provision of law outside of this chapter which provides coverage or any other benefit under this chapter to any individuals who (based on their being employed by an entity other than the Government) would not otherwise be eligible for any such coverage or benefit shall not apply with respect to any individual appointed, transferred, or otherwise commencing that type of employment on or after October 1, 1988.

(Added Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(a)(2)(A), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1747.)

A prior section 8713, Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(93), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(1), (4), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1225, provided for an advisory committee to be appointed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management to be composed of five employees insured under this chapter, to serve without additional pay, to advise the Office regarding matters of concern to employees under this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–427, §9(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1837, effective Oct. 10, 1980, with the repeal to have no effect in the case of an employee who died, was separated, or retired before Oct. 10, 1980.

(a) The amounts withheld from employees under section 8707 of this title and the sums contributed from appropriations and funds under section 8708 of this title shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of the Employees' Life Insurance Fund. The Fund is available without fiscal year limitation for—

(1) premium payments under an insurance policy purchased under this chapter; and

(2) expenses incurred by the Office of Personnel Management in the administration of this chapter within the limitations that may be specified annually by appropriation acts.

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury may invest and reinvest any of the money in the Fund in interest-bearing obligations of the United States, and may sell these obligations for the purposes of the Fund. The interest on and the proceeds from the sale of these obligations, and the income derived from dividend or premium rate adjustments from insurers, become a part of the Fund.

(c)(1) No tax, fee, or other monetary payment may be imposed or collected by any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or by any political subdivision or other governmental authority thereof, on, or with respect to, any premium paid under an insurance policy purchased under this chapter.

(2) Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be construed to exempt any company issuing a policy of insurance under this chapter from the imposition, payment, or collection of a tax, fee, or other monetary payment on the net income or profit accruing to or realized by that company from business conducted under this chapter, if that tax, fee, or payment is applicable to a broad range of business activity.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §405(a), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2606.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 2094(c) (less applicability to 5 U.S.C. 2099), (d). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §5(c) (less applicability to §10), 68 Stat. 739. Aug. 11, 1955, ch. 794, §1(a) "(c) (less applicability to §10)", (b), 69 Stat. 676. |
|

Apr. 11, 1958, Pub. L. 85–377, §1 (less applicability to §10), 72 Stat. 87. |


In subsection (a), the words "of the Employees' Life Insurance Fund" are substituted for "of a fund which is hereby created". The proviso which made appropriations available to the Commission for salaries and expenses for the fiscal year 1955 available on a reimbursable basis for necessary administrative expenses for carrying out the purposes of this chapter is omitted as executed.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1980**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96–499 added subsec. (c).

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Pub. L. 96–499, title IV, §405(b), Dec. 5, 1980, 94 Stat. 2607, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 5, 1980], and shall apply with respect to premiums paid on or after such date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 103–409, §4, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4232, provided that: "Notwithstanding section 8714(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, the Office of Personnel Management shall retain in the Employees' Life Insurance Fund such portion of premium payments otherwise due as will, no later than September 30, 1995, permanently reduce the contingency reserve established under the third sentence of section 8712 of such title 5 by an amount equal to the amount by which payments from the Employees' Life Insurance Fund during the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, exceed the payments that would have been paid had the amendments made by this Act [enacting section 8714d of this title] not been enacted."

(a) Under the conditions, directives, and terms specified in sections 8709–8712 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, may purchase a policy which shall make available to each insured employee equal amounts of optional life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment insurance in addition to the amounts provided in section 8704(a) of this title.

(b)(1) An employee who is deployed in support of a contingency operation (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10) or an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as emergency essential under section 1580 of title 10 shall be insured under the policy of insurance under this section if the employee, within 60 days after the date of notification of deployment or designation, elects to be insured under the policy of insurance. An election under this paragraph shall be effective when provided to the Office in writing, in the form prescribed by the Office, within such 60-day period.

(2) The optional life insurance and accidental death and dismemberment insurance shall be made available to each insured employee under such conditions as the Office shall prescribe and in amounts approved by the Office but not more than the greater of $10,000 or an amount which, when added to the amount provided in section 8704(a) of this title, makes the sum of his insurance equal to his annual pay.

(c)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the optional insurance on an employee stops on his separation from service or 12 months after discontinuance of his pay, whichever is earlier, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office.

(2)(A) In the case of any employee who retires on an immediate annuity and has been insured under this section throughout—

(i) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date of such retirement, or

(ii) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if less than 5 years,

the amount of optional life insurance only which has been in force throughout such period may be continued, under conditions determined by the Office.

(B) In the case of any employee who becomes entitled to receive compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee and has been insured under this section throughout—

(i) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date such employee becomes entitled to such compensation, or

(ii) the full period or periods of service during which the employee was entitled to be insured, if less than 5 years,

the amount of optional life insurance only which has been in force throughout such period may be continued, under conditions determined by the Office, during the period the employee is receiving such compensation for disease or injury and is held by the Secretary of Labor or his delegate to be unable to return to duty.

(C) The amount of optional life insurance continued under subparagraph (A) or subparagraph (B) of this paragraph shall be reduced by 2 percent at the end of each full calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is receiving compensation for disease or injury. The Office shall prescribe minimum amounts, not less than 25 percent of the amount of life insurance in force before the first reduction, to which the insurance may be reduced.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (c)(1) of this section,1 a justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 8701(a)(5) of this title who resigns his office without meeting the requirements of section 371(a) of title 28, United States Code, for continuation of the judicial salary shall have the right to convert regular optional life insurance coverage issued under this section during his judicial service to an individual policy of life insurance under the same conditions approved by the Office governing conversion of basic life insurance coverage for employees eligible as provided in section 8706(a) of this title.

(d)(1) During each period in which an employee has the optional insurance the full cost thereof shall be withheld from his pay. During each period in which an employee continues optional life insurance after retirement or while in receipt of compensation for work injuries, as provided in section 8706(b) of this title, the full cost thereof shall be withheld from his annuity or compensation, except that, at the end of the calendar month in which he becomes 65 years of age, the optional life insurance shall be without cost to him. Amounts so withheld shall be deposited, used, and invested as provided in section 8714 of this title and shall be reported and accounted for separately from amounts withheld and contributed under sections 8707 and 8708 of this title.

(2) If an agency fails to withhold the proper cost of optional insurance from an individual's salary, compensation, or retirement annuity, the collection of amounts properly due may be waived by the agency if, in the judgment of the agency, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. However, if the agency so waives the collection of any unpaid amount, the agency shall submit an amount equal to the uncollected amount to the Office for deposit to the Employees' Life Insurance Fund.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an employee who is subject to withholdings under this subsection and whose pay, annuity, or compensation is insufficient to cover such withholdings may nevertheless continue optional insurance if the employee arranges to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through the agency or retirement system which administers pay, annuity, or compensation, an amount equal to the withholdings that would otherwise be required under this subsection.

(e) The cost of the optional insurance shall be determined from time to time by the Office on the basis of such age groups as it considers appropriate.

(f) The amount of optional life, or life and accidental death, insurance in force on an employee at the date of his death shall be paid as provided in section 8705 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §404(1), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 647; amended Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–583, §1(c), Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2481; Pub. L. 96–427, §6, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §206, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, as amended by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(k)(3), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 105–311, §6(2), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2951; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1103(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4616; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(12), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**2008**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–417 designated existing provisions as par. (2) and added par. (1).

**1998**—Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–311 added par. (3).

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–336 amended Pub. L. 98–353, §206, generally. See 1984 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–335 amended par. (1) generally, effective Jan. 1, 1987. Prior to such effective date, par. (1) read as follows: "The optional insurance on an employee stops on his separation from service, 12 months after discontinuance of his pay, or on his entry on active duty or active duty for training, as provided in sections 8706(a) and 8706(c) of this title. Justices and judges of the United States described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter are deemed to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter."

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, inserted sentence which deemed justices and judges described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 98–353, §206, added par. (3).

**1980**—Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 96–427, §6(a), substituted provisions that the amount of optional life insurance shall be reduced by 2% at the end of each calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is receiving compensation for disease or injury and that the Office shall prescribe minimum amount of life insurance in force before the first reduction to which the insurance may be reduced for provisions that such optional insurance be subject to the same monthly reductions as required for regular life insurance under section 8706(b)(3) of this title.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–427, §6(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(c)(1), substituted reference to section "8706(c)" for "8706(d)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(c)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "So much of the optional life insurance in force on an employee on the date he retires on an immediate annuity or becomes entitled to receive compensation for work injuries which has been in force for not less than—

"(A) the full period or periods of service during which the optional insurance was available to him; or

"(B) the 12 years of service immediately preceding his retirement or beginning date of entitlement to compensation for work injuries and during which the optional insurance was available to him;

whichever is shorter, may be continued—

"(A) after retirement, under the same conditions (except with respect to cost but including reduction of the amount continued) as provided in section 8706(b) of this title; or

"(B) while in receipt of compensation for work injuries under the same conditions (except with respect to cost) as provided in section 8706(c) of this title."

Pub. L. 95–454, which substituted "Office" for "Commission", was executed to text of subsec. (c)(2) as amended by Pub. L. 95–583. See Effective Date of 1978 Amendments note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–583, §1(c)(3), struck out "or 8706(c)" after "section 8706(b)".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 30, 1998, see section 11(d) of Pub. L. 105–311, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), applicable to any justice or judge who retires under 28 U.S.C. 371(a) or (b) or 372(a) on or after January 1, 1982, see section 207 of Pub. L. 98–353, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(2), set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–427 effective Oct. 10, 1980, with amendment to have no effect in case of an employee who died, was separated, or retired before Oct. 10, 1980, see section 10(a) of Pub. L. 96–427, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–583 effective Nov. 2, 1978, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–583, set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 90–206, title IV, §405(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 648, provided that:

"(1) The amendments made by section 404 of this Act [enacting this section and amending analysis preceding section 8701 of this title] shall take effect on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the one hundred and eightieth day following the date of enactment [Dec. 16, 1967], or on any earlier date that the Civil Service Commission may prescribe, which is at least sixty days after the date of enactment [Dec. 16, 1967]. In the case of an employee who dies during the period beginning on the date of enactment [Dec. 16, 1967] and ending on the effective date prescribed by or pursuant to this subsection, or during the sixty days immediately following such period if the Commission determines that he did not have a reasonable opportunity to elect the optional insurance made available by section 404, the insurance of such employee shall be determined as if the amendments made by section 404 had been in effect on the date of such death, and the employee had elected to receive the maximum amount of optional insurance available to him under such amendments. An employee who retires during the period beginning on the date of enactment and ending on the effective date prescribed by or pursuant to this subsection shall have an opportunity to elect the optional insurance made available by section 404.

"(2) In the case of an employee in the service on the effective date prescribed by or pursuant to this subsection, (i) the period during which such employee may elect to receive optional insurance under the amendment made by section 404 shall not expire prior to the sixtieth day after such effective date, and (ii) for the purpose of determining the amount of insurance to be continued after retirement, the period during which such optional insurance was available to such employee shall not be considered to have commenced prior to the expiration of sixty days following such effective date."

Enactment of this section by Pub. L. 90–206 to have no effect in the case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired prior to Dec. 16, 1967, see section 405(c) of Pub. L. 90–206, set out as an Retroactive Effect of 1967 Amendment note under section 8704 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–427, §11, Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1838, provided that: "Amounts credited to the Employees' Life Insurance Fund under section 8714a(d) of title 5, United States Code shall be available for expenses incurred by the Office of Personnel Management in implementing the amendments made by sections 7 and 8 of this Act [enacting sections 8714b, 8714c, and 8701(d) of this title]."

1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph (1) of this subsection,".

(a) Under the conditions, directives, and terms specified in sections 8709 through 8712 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, may purchase a policy which shall make available to each employee insured under section 8702 of this title amounts of additional optional life insurance (without accidental death and dismemberment insurance). An employee may elect coverage under this section without regard to whether the employee has elected coverage under optional insurance available under section 8714a of this title.

(b)(1) An employee who is deployed in support of a contingency operation (as that term is defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10) or an employee of the Department of Defense who is designated as emergency essential under section 1580 of title 10 shall be insured under the policy of insurance under this section if the employee, within 60 days after the date of notification of deployment or designation, elects to be insured under the policy of insurance. An election under this paragraph shall be effective when provided to the Office in writing, in the form prescribed by the Office, within such 60-day period.

(2) The additional optional insurance provided under this section shall be made available to each eligible employee who has elected coverage under this section, under conditions the Office shall prescribe, in multiples, at the employee's election, of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times the annual rate of basic pay payable to the employee (rounded to the next higher multiple of $1,000). An employee may reduce or stop coverage elected pursuant to this section at any time.

(c)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the additional optional insurance elected by an employee pursuant to this section shall stop on separation from service or 12 months after discontinuance of his pay, whichever is earlier, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office. Justices and judges of the United States described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter are deemed to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter. A justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 8701(a)(5) of this title who resigns his office without meeting the requirements of section 371(a) of title 28, United States Code, for continuation of the judicial salary shall have the right to convert additional optional life insurance coverage issued under this section during his judicial service to an individual policy of life insurance under the same conditions approved by the Office governing conversion of basic life insurance coverage for employees eligible as provided in section 8706(a) of this title.

(2) In the case of any employee who retires on an immediate annuity or who becomes entitled to receive compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee, so much of the additional optional insurance as has been in force for not less than—

(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date of retirement or entitlement to compensation, or

(B) the full period or periods of service during which the insurance was available to the employee, if fewer than 5 years,

may be continued under conditions determined by the Office after retirement or while the employee is receiving compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title and is held by the Secretary of Labor (or the Secretary's delegate) to be unable to return to duty.

(3) The amount of additional optional insurance continued under paragraph (2) shall be continued, with or without reduction, in accordance with the employee's written election at the time eligibility to continue insurance during retirement or receipt of compensation arises, as follows:

(A) The employee may elect to have withholdings cease in accordance with subsection (d), in which case—

(i) the amount of additional optional insurance continued under paragraph (2) shall be reduced each month by 2 percent effective at the beginning of the second calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is in receipt of compensation; and

(ii) the reduction under clause (i) shall continue for 50 months at which time the insurance shall stop.

(B) The employee may, instead of the option under subparagraph (A), elect to have the full cost of additional optional insurance continue to be withheld from such employee's annuity or compensation on and after the date such withholdings would otherwise cease pursuant to an election under subparagraph (A), in which case the amount of additional optional insurance continued under paragraph (2) shall not be reduced, subject to paragraph (4).

(C) An employee who does not make any election under the preceding provisions of this paragraph shall be treated as if such employee had made an election under subparagraph (A).

(4) If an employee makes an election under paragraph (3)(B), that individual may subsequently cancel such election, in which case additional optional insurance shall be determined as if the individual had originally made an election under paragraph (3)(A).

(5)(A) An employee whose additional optional insurance under this section would otherwise stop in accordance with paragraph (1) and who is not eligible to continue insurance under paragraph (2) may elect, under conditions prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, to continue all or a portion of so much of the additional optional insurance as has been in force for not less than—

(i) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date of the event which would cause insurance to stop under paragraph (1); or

(ii) the full period or periods of service during which the insurance was available to the employee, if fewer than 5 years,

at group rates established for purposes of this section, in lieu of conversion to an individual policy. The amount of insurance continued under this paragraph shall be reduced by 50 percent effective at the beginning of the second calendar month after the date the employee or former employee attains age 70 and shall stop at the beginning of the second calendar month after attainment of age 80, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office. Alternatively, insurance continued under this paragraph may be reduced or stopped at any time the employee or former employee elects.

(B) When an employee or former employee elects to continue additional optional insurance under this paragraph following separation from service or 12 months without pay, the insured individual shall submit timely payment of the full cost thereof, plus any amount the Office determines necessary to cover associated administrative expenses, in such manner as the Office shall prescribe by regulation. Amounts required under this subparagraph shall be deposited, used, and invested as provided under section 8714 and shall be reported and accounted for together with amounts withheld under section 8714a(d).

(C)(i) Subject to clause (ii), no election to continue additional optional insurance may be made under this paragraph 3 years after the effective date of this paragraph.

(ii) On and after the date on which an election may not be made under clause (i), all additional optional insurance under this paragraph for former employees shall terminate, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office.

(d)(1) During each period in which the additional optional insurance is in force on an employee the full cost thereof shall be withheld from the employee's pay. During each period in which an employee continues additional optional insurance after retirement or while in receipt of compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee, as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the full cost thereof shall be withheld from the former employee's annuity or compensation, except that, if insurance is continued as provided under subsection (c)(3)(A), beginning at the end of the calendar month in which the former employee becomes 65 years of age, the additional optional life insurance shall be without cost to the former employee. Amounts so withheld (and any amounts withheld as provided in subsection (c)(3)(B)) shall be deposited, used, and invested as provided in section 8714 of this title and shall be reported and accounted for together with amounts withheld under section 8714a(d) of this title.

(2) If an agency fails to withhold the proper cost of additional optional insurance from an individual's salary, compensation, or retirement annuity, the collection of amounts properly due may be waived by the agency if, in the judgment of the agency, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. However, if the agency so waives the collection of any unpaid amount, the agency shall submit an amount equal to the uncollected amount to the Office for deposit to the Employees' Life Insurance Fund.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an employee who is subject to withholdings under this subsection and whose pay, annuity, or compensation is insufficient to cover such withholdings may nevertheless continue additional optional insurance if the employee arranges to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through the agency or retirement system which administers pay, annuity, or compensation, an amount equal to the withholdings that would otherwise be required under this subsection.

(e) The cost of the additional optional insurance shall be determined from time to time by the Office on the basis of the employee's age relative to such age groups as the Office establishes under section 8714a(e) of this title.

(f) The amount of additional optional life insurance in force on an employee at the date of his death shall be paid as provided in section 8705 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 96–427, §7(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1834; amended Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §§206, 207, July 10, 1984, 98 Stat. 351, as amended by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(k)(4), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 105–311, §§3(2), 6(3), 7(a), (c), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2950–2953; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1103(c), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4617; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(13), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3841.)

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**2008**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–417 designated existing provisions as par. (2) and added par. (1).

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–311, §3(2), in first sentence, struck out "except that coverage may not exceed an amount equal to 5 times the annual rate of basic pay payable for positions at level II of the Executive Schedule under section 5313 of this title (rounded to the next higher multiple of $1,000)" after "$1,000)".

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–311, §7(a)(1)(A), struck out at end "The amount of insurance continued under this paragraph shall be reduced each month by 2 percent effective at the beginning of the second calendar month after the date the employee becomes 65 years of age and is retired or is in receipt of compensation. The reduction shall continue for 50 months at which time the insurance stops."

Subsec. (c)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 105–311, §7(a)(1)(B), added pars. (3) to (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–311, §7(a)(2), (c), inserted "if insurance is continued as provided under subsection (c)(3)(A)," after "except that," and "(and any amounts withheld as provided in subsection (c)(3)(B))" after "Amounts so withheld".

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–311, §6(3), added par. (3).

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), inserted sentence which deemed justices and judges described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter.

Pub. L. 99–335 substituted "Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the additional optional insurance elected by an employee pursuant to this section shall stop on separation from service or 12 months after discontinuance of his pay, whichever is earlier, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office" for "The additional optional insurance elected by an employee pursuant to this section shall stop on separation from service, 12 months after discontinuance of pay, or on entry on active military duty or active duty for training, subject to provision for a 31-day temporary extension of insurance coverage and for conversion to an individual policy, as provided in sections 8706(a) and 8706(c) of this title".

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–353 inserted "A justice or judge of the United States as defined by section 8701(a)(5) of this title who resigns his office without meeting the requirements of section 371(a) of title 28, United States Code, for continuation of the judicial salary shall have the right to convert additional optional life insurance coverage issued under this section during his judicial service to an individual policy of life insurance under the same conditions approved by the Office governing conversion of basic life insurance coverage for employees eligible as provided in section 8706(a) of this title."

Amendment by sections 3(2) and 6(3) of Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 30, 1998, and amendment by section 7(a), (c) of Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first pay period that begins on or after the 180th day following Oct. 30, 1998, or on any earlier date that the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe that is at least 60 days after Oct. 30, 1998, see section 11(b), (d), (e)(1) of Pub. L. 105–311, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), applicable to any justice or judge who retires under 28 U.S.C. 371(a) or (b) or 372(a) on or after January 1, 1982, see section 207 of Pub. L. 98–353, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(2), set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after 180th day following Oct. 10, 1980, or on any earlier date that Office may prescribe which is at least 60 days after Oct. 10, 1980, and shall have no effect in case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired before effective date, see section 10(d) of Pub. L. 96–427 set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 8701 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–311, §7(b), Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2953, required the Office of Personnel Management to submit, not later than 3 years after Oct. 30, 1998, a report to Congress on additional optional insurance provided under subsec. (c)(5) of this section.

(a) Under the conditions, directives, and terms specified in sections 8709 through 8712 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41, may purchase a policy which shall make available to each employee insured under section 8702 of this title amounts of optional life insurance (without accidental death and dismemberment insurance) on the employee's family members.

(b)(1) The optional life insurance on family members provided under this section shall be made available to each eligible employee who has elected coverage under this section, under conditions the Office shall prescribe, in multiples, at the employee's election, of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 times—

(A) $5,000 for a spouse; and

(B) $2,500 for each child described under section 8701(d).

(2) An employee may reduce or stop coverage elected pursuant to this section at any time.

(c)(1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the optional life insurance on family members shall stop at the earlier of the employee's death, the employee's separation from the service, or 12 months after discontinuance of pay, subject to a provision for temporary extension of life insurance coverage and for conversion to individual policies of life insurance under conditions approved by the Office.

(2) In the case of any employee who retires on an immediate annuity or who becomes entitled to receive compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee and who has had in force insurance under this section for no less than—

(A) the 5 years of service immediately preceding the date of retirement or entitlement to compensation, or

(B) the full period or periods of service during which the insurance was available to the employee, if fewer than 5 years,

optional life insurance on family members may be continued under the same conditions as provided in section 8714b(c)(2) through (4).

(d)(1) During each period in which the optional life insurance on family members is in force the full cost thereof shall be withheld from the employee's pay. During each period in which an employee continues optional life insurance on family members after retirement or while in receipt of compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title because of disease or injury to the employee, as provided in subsection (c) of this section, the full cost shall be withheld from the annuity or compensation, except that, beginning at the end of the calendar month in which the former employee becomes 65 years of age, the optional life insurance on family members shall be without cost to the employee. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the full cost shall be continued after the calendar month in which the former employee becomes 65 years of age if, and for so long as, an election under this section corresponding to that described in section 8714b(c)(3)(B) remains in effect with respect to such former employee. Amounts so withheld shall be deposited, used, and invested as provided in section 8714 of this title and shall be reported and accounted for together with amounts withheld under section 8714a(d) of this title.

(2) If an agency fails to withhold the proper cost of optional life insurance on family members from an individual's salary, compensation, or retirement annuity, the collection of amounts properly due may be waived by the agency if, in the judgment of the agency, the individual is without fault and recovery would be against equity and good conscience. However, if the agency so waives the collection of any unpaid amount, the agency shall submit an amount equal to the uncollected amount to the Office for deposit to the Employees' Life Insurance Fund.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), an employee who is subject to withholdings under this subsection and whose pay, annuity, or compensation is insufficient to cover such withholdings may nevertheless continue optional life insurance on family members if the employee arranges to pay currently into the Employees' Life Insurance Fund, through the agency or retirement system that administers pay, annuity, or compensation, an amount equal to the withholdings that would otherwise be required under this subsection.

(e) The cost of the optional life insurance on family members shall be determined from time to time by the Office on the basis of the employee's age relative to such age groups as the Office establishes under section 8714a(e) of this title.

(f) The amount of optional life insurance which is in force under this section on a family member of an employee or former employee on the date of the death of the family member shall be paid, on the establishment of a valid claim by the employee, to such employee or, in the event of the death of the employee before payment can be made, to the person or persons entitled to the group life insurance in force on the employee under section 8705 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 96–427, §8(a), Oct. 10, 1980, 94 Stat. 1836; amended Pub. L. 98–353, title II, §206, as amended by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(k)(5), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), June 19, 1986, 100 Stat. 639; Pub. L. 105–311, §§6(4), 8, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 2951, 2953; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(14), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842.)

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–311, §8(a), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "The optional life insurance on family members provided under this section shall be made available to each eligible employee who elects coverage under this section, under conditions the Office shall prescribe, in the amount of $5,000 for a spouse and $2,500 for each child described in section 8701(d). The employee may stop coverage elected under this section at any time."

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–311, §8(b)(1), substituted "section 8714b(c)(2) through (4)" for "section 8714b(c)(2) of this title".

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–311, §8(b)(2), inserted before last sentence "Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the full cost shall be continued after the calendar month in which the former employee becomes 65 years of age if, and for so long as, an election under this section corresponding to that described in section 8714b(c)(3)(B) remains in effect with respect to such former employee."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–311, §6(4), added par. (3).

**1986**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–336 amended Pub. L. 98–353, §206, generally. See 1984 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 99–335 amended par. (1) generally, effective Jan. 1, 1977. Prior to such effective date, par. (1) read as follows: "Optional life insurance on family members shall stop at the earlier of the employee's death, the employee's separation from the service, 12 months after discontinuance of pay, or the employee's entry on active duty or active duty for training, as provided in sections 8706(a) and 8706(c) of this title, subject to provision for a 31-day temporary extension of insurance coverage and for conversion to individual policies under conditions approved by the Office. Justices and judges of the United States described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter are deemed to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter."

**1984**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, inserted sentence which deemed justices and judges described in section 8701(a)(5)(ii) and (iii) of this chapter to continue in active employment for purposes of this chapter.

Amendment by section 6(4) of Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after Oct. 30, 1998, and amendment by section 8 of Pub. L. 105–311 effective on the first day of the first pay period which begins on or after the 180th day following Oct. 30, 1998, or on any earlier date that the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, see section 11(d), (f) of Pub. L. 105–311, set out as a note under section 8701 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–353, §206, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(1), applicable to any justice or judge who retires under 28 U.S.C. 371(a) or (b) or 372(a) on or after January 1, 1982, see section 207 of Pub. L. 98–353, as amended generally by Pub. L. 99–336, §7(2), set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after 180th day following Oct. 10, 1980, or on any earlier date that Office may prescribe which is at least 60 days after Oct. 10, 1980, and shall have no effect in case of an employee who died, was finally separated, or retired before effective date, see section 10(d) of Pub. L. 96–427 set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 8701 of this title.

(a) For the purpose of this section, an individual shall be considered to be "terminally ill" if such individual has a medical prognosis that such individual's life expectancy is 9 months or less.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations under which any individual covered by group life insurance under section 8704(a) may, if such individual is terminally ill, elect to receive a lump-sum payment equal to—

(1) the full amount of insurance under section 8704(a) (or portion thereof designated for this purpose under subsection (d)(4)) which would otherwise be payable under this chapter (on the establishment of a valid claim)—

(A) computed based on a date determined under regulations of the Office (but not later than 30 days after the date on which the individual's application for benefits under this section is approved or deemed approved under subsection (d)(3)); and

(B) assuming continued coverage under this chapter at that time;

reduced by

(2) an amount necessary to assure that there is no increase in the actuarial value of the benefit paid (as determined under regulations of the Office).

(c)(1) If a lump-sum payment is taken under this section—

(A) no insurance under the provisions of section 8704(a) or (b) shall be payable based on the death or any loss of the individual involved, unless the lump-sum payment represents only a portion of the total benefits which could have been taken, in which case benefits under those provisions shall remain in effect, except that the basic insurance amount on which they are based—

(i) shall be reduced by the percentage which the designated portion comprised relative to the total benefits which could have been taken (rounding the result to the nearest multiple of $1,000 or, if midway between multiples of $1,000, to the next higher multiple of $1,000); and

(ii) shall not be subject to further adjustment; and

(B) deductions and withholdings under section 8707, and contributions under section 8708, shall be terminated with respect to such individual (or reduced in a manner consistent with the percentage reduction in the individual's basic insurance amount, if applicable), effective with respect to any amounts which would otherwise become due on or after the date of payment under this section.

(2) An individual who takes a lump-sum payment under this section (whether full or partial) remains eligible for optional benefits under sections 8714a–8714c (subject to payment of the full cost of those benefits in accordance with applicable provisions of the section or sections involved, to the same extent as if no election under this section had been made).

(d)(1) The Office's regulations shall include provisions regarding the form and manner in which an application under this section shall be made and the procedures in accordance with which any such application shall be considered.

(2) An application shall not be considered to be complete unless it includes such information and supporting evidence as the regulations require, including certification by an appropriate medical authority as to the nature of the individual's illness and that the individual is not expected to live more than 9 months because of that illness.

(3)(A) In order to ascertain the reliability of any medical opinion or finding submitted as part of an application under this section, the covered individual may be required to submit to a medical examination under the direction of the agency or entity considering the application. The individual shall not be liable for the costs associated with any examination required under this subparagraph.

(B) Any decision by the reviewing agency or entity with respect to an application for benefits under this section (including one relating to an individual's medical prognosis) shall not be subject to administrative review.

(4)(A) An individual making an election under this section may designate that only a limited portion (expressed as a multiple of $1,000) of the total amount otherwise allowable under this section be paid pursuant to such election.

(B) A designation under this paragraph may not be made by an individual described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8706(b).

(5) An election to receive benefits under this section shall be irrevocable, and not more than one such election may be made by any individual.

(6) The regulations shall include provisions to address the question of how to apply section 8706(b)(3)(B) in the case of an electing individual who has attained 65 years of age.

(Added Pub. L. 103–409, §2(a), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4230.)

Pub. L. 103–409, §3(a), Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4232, provided that: "The amendments made by section 2 [enacting this section] shall take effect 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 25, 1994]."

The district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of a civil action or claim against the United States founded on this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §160(a)(2), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 2103 (less applicability to 5 U.S.C. 2099). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §14 (less applicability to §10), 68 Stat. 743. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–164 substituted "United States Claims Court" for "Court of Claims".

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) The regulations of the Office may prescribe the time at which and the conditions under which an employee is eligible for coverage under this chapter. The Office, after consulting the head of the agency or other employing authority concerned, may exclude an employee on the basis of the nature and type of his employment or conditions pertaining to it, such as short-term appointment, seasonal, intermittent employment, and employment of like nature. The Office may not exclude—

(1) an employee or group of employees solely on the basis of the hazardous nature of employment;

(2) a teacher in the employ of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, whose pay is fixed by section 1501 of title 31, District of Columbia Code, on the basis of the fact that the teacher is serving under a temporary appointment if the teacher has been so employed by the Board for a period or periods totaling not less than two school years; or

(3) an employee who is occupying a position on a part-time career employment basis (as defined in section 3401(2) of this title).

(c) The Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this chapter to an individual named by section 8701(a)(8) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 599; Pub. L. 95–437, §4(b), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), (c)(2)(F), (G), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1227.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 2100 (less applicability to 5 U.S.C. 2099). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §11 (less applicability to §10), 68 Stat. 742. |

(b), (c) | 5 U.S.C. 2091(a) (words between 6th and 7th commas of 1st sentence and 2d sentence), (d) (words between 1st and 2d commas of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence). | Aug. 17, 1954, ch. 752, §2(a) (words between 6th and 7th commas of 1st sentence and 2d sentence), 68 Stat. 736. July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(c) "(d) (words between 1st and 2d commas of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence)", 74 Stat. 302. |

Oct. 6, 1964, Pub. L. 88–631, §2, 78 Stat. 1007. |


In subsection (a), the words "Except as otherwise provided herein" are omitted as unnecessary since the authority to prescribe regulations is carried into this section.

In subsection (b), the words "section 1501 of title 31, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for "section 1 of the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1955 (69 Stat. 521), as amended (Sec. 31–1501, D.C. Code, 1961 edition)".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 95–437 substituted "intermittent employment" for "intermittent or part-time employment" in provision preceding par. (1), and added par. (3).

Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(F), (G), substituted "3401" for "3391" in par. (3).

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.


**2022**—Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §102(a)(2)(B), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1135, added item 8903c.

**2006**—Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §803(a)(2), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3252, added item 8909a.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–266, §6(a)(2), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369, added item 8903b.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–654, title I, §101(b), title II, §201(a)(2), title III, §301(b), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3841, 3845, 3846, added items 8902a, 8905a, and 8906a.

Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(a)(3)(B), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1748, added item 8914.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–53, §§1(b)(2), 3(a)(2)(B), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94, 95, added item 8903a and inserted "or disability" after "and survivor" in item 8908.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–615, §3(8), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3204, substituted "Information to individuals eligible to enroll" for "Information to employees" in item 8907.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–342, §1(b), July 6, 1976, 90 Stat. 808, substituted "employees and survivor annuitants" for "employee" in item 8908.

For the purpose of this chapter—

(1) "employee" means—

(A) an employee as defined by section 2105 of this title;

(B) a Member of Congress as defined by section 2106 of this title;

(C) a Congressional employee as defined by section 2107 of this title;

(D) the President;

(E) an individual first employed by the government of the District of Columbia before October 1, 1987;

(F) an individual employed by Gallaudet College; 1

(G) an individual employed by a county committee established under section 590h(b) of title 16;

(H) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President under section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838);

(I) an individual appointed to a position on the office staff of a former President, or a former Vice President under section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended (78 Stat. 153), who immediately before the date of such appointment was an employee as defined under any other subparagraph of this paragraph; and

(J) an individual who is employed by the Roosevelt Campobello International Park Commission and is a citizen of the United States,

but does not include—

(i) an employee of a corporation supervised by the Farm Credit Administration if private interests elect or appoint a member of the board of directors;

(ii) an individual who is not a citizen or national of the United States and whose permanent duty station is outside the United States, unless the individual was an employee for the purpose of this chapter on September 30, 1979, by reason of service in an Executive agency, the United States Postal Service, or the Smithsonian Institution in the area which was then known as the Canal Zone;

(iii) an employee of the Tennessee Valley Authority; or

(iv) an employee excluded by regulation of the Office of Personnel Management under section 8913(b) of this title;

(2) "Government" means the Government of the United States and the government of the District of Columbia;

(3) "annuitant" means—

(A) an employee who retires—

(i) on an immediate annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, or another retirement system for employees of the Government, after 5 or more years of service;

(ii) under section 8412 or 8414 of this title;

(iii) for disability under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title, chapter 84 of this title, or another retirement system for employees of the Government; or

(iv) on an immediate annuity under a retirement system established for employees described in section 2105(c), in the case of an individual who elected under section 8347(q)(2) or 8461(n)(2) to remain subject to such a system;

(B) a member of a family who receives an immediate annuity as the survivor of an employee (including a family member entitled to an amount under section 8442(b)(1)(A), whether or not such family member is entitled to an annuity under section 8442(b)(1)(B)) or of a retired employee described by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph;

(C) an employee who receives monthly compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title and who is determined by the Secretary of Labor to be unable to return to duty; and

(D) a member of a family who receives monthly compensation under subchapter I of chapter 81 of this title as the surviving beneficiary of—

(i) an employee who dies as a result of injury or illness compensable under that subchapter; or

(ii) a former employee who is separated after having completed 5 or more years of service and who dies while receiving monthly compensation under that subchapter and who has been held by the Secretary to have been unable to return to duty;

(4) "service", as used by paragraph (3) of this section, means service which is creditable under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of this title;

(5) "member of family" means the spouse of an employee or annuitant and an unmarried dependent child under 22 years of age, including—

(A) an adopted child or recognized natural child; and

(B) a stepchild or foster child but only if the child lives with the employee or annuitant in a regular parent-child relationship;

or such an unmarried dependent child regardless of age who is incapable of self-support because of mental or physical disability which existed before age 22;

(6) "health benefits plan" means a group insurance policy or contract, medical or hospital service agreement, membership or subscription contract, or similar group arrangement provided by a carrier for the purpose of providing, paying for, or reimbursing expenses for health services;

(7) "carrier" means a voluntary association, corporation, partnership, or other nongovernmental organization which is lawfully engaged in providing, paying for, or reimbursing the cost of, health services under group insurance policies or contracts, medical or hospital service agreements, membership or subscription contracts, or similar group arrangements, in consideration of premiums or other periodic charges payable to the carrier, including a health benefits plan duly sponsored or underwritten by an employee organization and an association of organizations or other entities described in this paragraph sponsoring a health benefits plan;

(8) "employee organization" means—

(A) an association or other organization of employees which is national in scope, or in which membership is open to all employees of a Government agency who are eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under this chapter and which, after December 31, 1978, and before January 1, 1980, applied to the Office for approval of a plan provided under section 8903(3) of this title; and

(B) an association or other organization which is national in scope, in which membership is open only to employees, annuitants, or former spouses, or any combination thereof, and which, during the 90-day period beginning on the date of enactment of section 8903a of this title, applied to the Office for approval of a plan provided under such section;

(9) "dependent", in the case of any child, means that the employee or annuitant involved is either living with or contributing to the support of such child, as determined in accordance with such regulations as the Office shall prescribe;

(10) "former spouse" means a former spouse of an employee, former employee, or annuitant—

(A) who has not remarried before age 55 after the marriage to the employee, former employee, or annuitant was dissolved,

(B) who was enrolled in an approved health benefits plan under this chapter as a family member at any time during the 18-month period before the date of the dissolution of the marriage to the employee, former employee, or annuitant, and

(C)(i) who is receiving any portion of an annuity under section 8345(j) or 8467 of this title or a survivor annuity under section 8341(h) or 8445 of this title (or benefits similar to either of the aforementioned annuity benefits under a retirement system for Government employees other than the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employees' Retirement System),

(ii) as to whom a court order or decree referred to in section 8341(h), 8345(j), 8445, or 8467 of this title (or similar provision of law under any such retirement system other than the Civil Service Retirement System or the Federal Employees' Retirement System) has been issued, or for whom an election has been made under section 8339(j)(3) or 8417(b) of this title (or similar provision of law), or

(iii) who is otherwise entitled to an annuity or any portion of an annuity as a former spouse under a retirement system for Government employees,

except that such term shall not include any such unremarried former spouse of a former employee whose marriage was dissolved after the former employee's separation from the service (other than by retirement); and

(11) "qualified clinical social worker" means an individual—

(A) who is licensed or certified as a clinical social worker by the State in which such individual practices; or

(B) who, if such State does not provide for the licensing or certification of clinical social workers—

(i) is certified by a national professional organization offering certification of clinical social workers; or

(ii) meets equivalent requirements (as prescribed by the Office).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 600; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(95), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 91–418, §§2, 3(b), Sept. 25, 1970, 84 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 93–160, §1(b), Nov. 27, 1973, 87 Stat. 635; Pub. L. 95–368, §2, Sept. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 95–583, §2, Nov. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 2482; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(52), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 96–70, title I, §1209(c), Sept. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 463; Pub. L. 96–179, §2, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(1), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3202; Pub. L. 99–53, §1(a), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §105(a), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 15; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(l), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 99–556, title V, §503, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3141; Pub. L. 100–679, §13(c), Nov. 17, 1988, 102 Stat. 4071; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7202(l), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–339; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(75), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 105–266, §3(a), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2366; Pub. L. 110–74, §1, Aug. 9, 2007, 121 Stat. 723; Pub. L. 114–136, §2(c)(5), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 305.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3001. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §2, 73 Stat. 709. July 8, 1963, Pub. L. 88–59, §1, 77 Stat. 76. |
|

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1(1)–(4), 78 Stat. 164. | ||

Aug. 31, 1964, Pub. L. 88–531, §1, 78 Stat. 737. | ||

5 U.S.C. 3002(f) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 2d commas). | July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(d) "(f) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 2d commas)", 74 Stat. 303. |


The definition of "employee" in section 2105 of this title is broad enough to cover the officers and employees covered by former section 3001 with the exception of a Member of Congress, the President, an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia, an individual employed by Gallaudet College, a United States commissioner, and an Official Reporter of Debates of the Senate and an individual employed by him. The first five have been added in paragraphs (1)(B), (D), (E), (F), and (G). The latter are covered by the definition of "Congressional employee" in section 2107 of this title and are included by the addition of a Congressional employee in paragraph (1)(C).

In paragraph (1)(ii), the words "the United States" are substituted for "a State of the United States or the District of Columbia".

Paragraph (1)(iv) is added for clarity.

In paragraph (8), the words "before January 1, 1964" are substituted for "on or before December 31, 1963".

The definition of "Commission" in former section 3001(h) is omitted as unnecessary as the full title "Civil Service Commission" is set forth the first time it is used in a section.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8901(5) | 5 App.: 3001(d). | July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §601, 80 Stat. 303. |


Section 1(b) of the Act of August 25, 1958 (72 Stat. 838), referred to in par. (1)(H), is section 1(b) of Pub. L. 85–745 which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

Section 5 of the Presidential Transition Act of 1963, referred to in par. (1)(I), is section 5 of Pub. L. 88–277, which is set out as a note under section 102 of Title 3, The President.

The date of enactment of section 8903a of this title, referred to in par. (8)(B), means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 99–53, which enacted section 8903a and which was approved June 17, 1985.

**2016**—Par. (1)(I). Pub. L. 114–136 substituted "section 5" for "section 4".

**2007**—Par. (1)(J). Pub. L. 110–74 added subpar. (J).

**1998**—Par. (7). Pub. L. 105–266 substituted "organization and an association of organizations or other entities described in this paragraph sponsoring a health benefits plan;" for "organization;".

**1992**—Par. (3)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(75)(A), substituted "8347(q)(2)" for "8347(p)(2)".

Par. (10)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(75)(B), inserted comma after "8341(h)".

**1990**—Par. (3)(A)(iv). Pub. L. 101–508 added cl. (iv).

**1988**—Par. (1)(H), (I). Pub. L. 100–679 added subpars. (H) and (I).

**1986**—Par. (1)(E). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(l)(1), amended subpar. (E) generally, substituting "first employed" for "employed" and inserting "before October 1, 1987".

Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(l)(2), amended subpar. (A) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (A) read as follows: "an employee who retires on an immediate annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83 of this title or another retirement system for employees of the Government, after 5 or more years of service or for disability".

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 99–556 inserted "(including a family member entitled to an amount under section 8442(b)(1)(A), whether or not such family member is entitled to an annuity under section 8442(b)(1)(B))".

Par. (4). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(l)(3), inserted "or chapter 84".

Par. (10)(C)(i). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(l)(4), inserted "or 8467", "or 8445", and "or the Federal Employees' Retirement System".

Par. (10)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 99–335, §207(l)(5), substituted "8345(j), 8445, or 8467" for "or 8345(j)" and inserted "or the Federal Employees' Retirement System" and "or 8417(b)".

Par. (11). Pub. L. 99–251 added par. (11).

**1985**—Par. (8). Pub. L. 99–53 amended par. (8) generally, designating existing provisions as subpar. (A) and adding subpar. (B).

**1984**—Par. (10). Pub. L. 98–615 added par. (10).

**1980**—Par. (5). Pub. L. 96–179, §2(1), inserted "dependent" after "unmarried" in provisions preceding subpar. (A) and in provisions following subpar. (B), inserted "or recognized natural child" after "child" in subpar. (A), and substituted "or foster child but only if the child;" for ", foster child, or recognized natural child who" in subpar. (B).

Par. (9). Pub. L. 96–179, §2(2)–(4), added par. (9).

**1979**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 96–70 in cl. (ii) substituted provisions relating to an individual who was an employee for the purpose of this chapter on Sept. 30, 1979, by reason of service in an Executive agency, United States Postal Service, or Smithsonian Institution in area which was then known as Canal Zone for provisions relating to Panama Canal Zone.

Pub. L. 96–54 struck out cl. (G) which related to coverage of a United States Commissioner as an "employee", and redesignated cl. (H) as (G).

**1978**—Par. (1)(iv). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 95–583 reduced period of service to 5 from 12 years.

Par. (8). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Pub. L. 95–368 substituted "after December 31, 1978, and before January 1, 1980" for "before January 1, 1964".

**1973**—Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 93–160 excluded from definition of "employee" persons who are not nationals of United States and whose permanent duty station is outside United States and Panama Canal Zone.

**1970**—Par. (1)(ii). Pub. L. 91–418, §3(b), excluded from definition of "employee" a noncitizen employee whose permanent duty station is outside Panama Canal Zone.

Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 91–418, §2(a), redefined "annuitant" to be a member of a family who receives an immediate annuity as the survivor of an employee rather than as the survivor of an employee who dies after completing 5 or more years of service.

Par. (3)(D)(i). Pub. L. 91–418, §2(b), redefined "annuitant" to be a member of a family who receives monthly compensation as the surviving beneficiary of an employee who dies as a result of a compensable injury or illness rather than as the survivor of an employee who, having completed 5 or more years of service, so dies.

Gallaudet College, referred to in par. (1)(F), was redesignated Gallaudet University by section 101(a) of Pub. L. 99–371, which is classified to section 4301(a) of Title 20, Education.

Amendment by section 2(75)(A) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Nov. 5, 1990, and amendment by section 2(75)(B) of Pub. L. 102–378 effective Oct. 2, 1992, see section 9(a), (b)(6) of Pub. L. 102–378, set out as a note under section 6303 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to any individual who, on or after Jan. 1, 1987, moves from employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department of Defense or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c) of this title, to employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), or who moves from employment in Department or Coast Guard, that is not described in section 2105(c), to employment in nonappropriated fund instrumentality of Department or Coast Guard, that is described in section 2105(c), see section 7202(m)(1) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 2105 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §105(c), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 15, provided that: "The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 8902 of this title] shall be effective with respect to contracts entered into or renewed for calendar years beginning after December 31, 1986."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–179 effective Jan. 2, 1980, except that no benefits under this chapter that are made available by reason of amendment of this section and section 8341 of this title by Pub. L. 96–179 shall be payable for any period before Oct. 1, 1979, see section 5(a) of Pub. L. 96–179, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–70 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 3304 of Pub. L. 96–70, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–583 effective Nov. 2, 1978, see section 3 of Pub. L. 95–583, set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 106–394, §1, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1629, provided that: "This Act [amending sections 8421a and 8905 of this title and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8421a of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Health Benefits Children's Equity Act of 2000'."

Pub. L. 105–266, §1, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2363, provided that: "This Act [enacting section 8903b of this title, amending this section and sections 5948, 8902 to 8903, and 8909 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 5948, 8902, 8902a, 8903b, and 8909 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Health Care Protection Act of 1998'."

Pub. L. 100–654, §1, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3837, provided that: "This Act [enacting sections 8440a, 8902a, 8905a, and 8906a of this title, amending sections 8902, 8903, 8905, 8909, and 8913 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 8902, 8902a, and 8906a of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Health Benefits Amendments Act of 1988'."

Pub. L. 99–251, §1, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 14, provided that: "This Act [amending this section, sections 1103, 3502, 5334, 5924, 6312, 8332, 8339 to 8342, 8345, 8902, 8903, 8905, and 8909 of this title, and section 35 of Title 24, Hospitals and Asylums, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 7901, 8339, 8341, 8345, 8902, 8904, 8905, and 8909 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 8341 and 8902 of this title] may be cited as the 'Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1986'."

Pub. L. 107–304, §4, Nov. 27, 2002, 116 Stat. 2364, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) either as an individual or for self and family, if such individual is an employee, annuitant, or former spouse as defined under section 8901 of such title; and

"(B) for coverage effective on and after such date.

"(2)

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of title 5, United States Code, for the same period that would have been permitted under the plan administered by the Overseas Private Investment Corporation; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905a of such title for coverage effective on and after such date.

"(3)

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of such title as though the individual had ceased to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child under chapter 89 of such title as of such date; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905a for continued coverage effective on and after such date.

"(c)

"(1)

"(2)

"(d)

"(1) shall administer this section to provide for—

"(A) a period of notice and open enrollment for individuals affected by this section; and

"(B) no lapse of health coverage for individuals who enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with this section; and

"(2) may prescribe regulations to implement this section.

"(e)

Pub. L. 105–266, §4, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2367, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) in a health benefits plan administered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation before the termination of such plan on or before January 2, 1999; or

"(2) subject to subsection (c), in a health benefits plan (not under chapter 89 of such title) with respect to which the eligibility of any employees or retired employees of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System terminates on or before January 2, 1999,

shall be deemed to be a period of enrollment in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of such title.

"(b)

"(A) meets the requirements of such chapter for eligibility to become so enrolled as an employee, annuitant, or former spouse (within the meaning of such chapter); or

"(B) would meet those requirements if, to the extent such requirements involve either retirement system under such title 5, such individual satisfies similar requirements or provisions of the Retirement Plan for Employees of the Federal Reserve System.

Any determination under subparagraph (B) shall be made under guidelines which the Office of Personnel Management shall establish in consultation with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

"(2) Subject to subsection (c), any individual who, on or before January 2, 1999, is entitled to continued coverage under a health benefits plan described in subsection (a)(1) or (2) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of title 5, United States Code, but only for the same remaining period as would have been allowable under the health benefits plan in which such individual was enrolled on or before January 2, 1999, if—

"(A) such individual had remained enrolled in such plan; and

"(B) such plan did not terminate, or the eligibility of such individual with respect to such plan did not terminate, as described in subsection (a).

"(3) Subject to subsection (c), any individual (other than an individual under paragraph (2)) who, on or before January 2, 1999, is covered under a health benefits plan described in subsection (a)(1) or (2) as an unmarried dependent child, but who does not then qualify for coverage under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, as a family member (within the meaning of such chapter) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of such title, to the same extent and in the same manner as if such individual had, on or before January 2, 1999, ceased to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child of an enrollee under such chapter.

"(4) Coverage under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, pursuant to an enrollment under this section shall become effective on January 3, 1999 or such earlier date as established by the Office of Personnel Management after consultation with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, as appropriate.

"(c)

"(d)

"(e)

"(1) shall administer the provisions of this section to provide for—

"(A) a period of notice and open enrollment for individuals affected by this section; and

"(B) no lapse of health coverage for individuals who enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with this section; and

"(2) may prescribe regulations to implement this section."

Pub. L. 104–37, title VI, §601, Oct. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 328, provided that:

"(a) For purposes of the administration of chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, any period of enrollment under a health benefits plan administered by the Farm Credit Administration prior to the effective date of this Act [Oct. 21, 1995] shall be deemed to be a period of enrollment in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of such title.

"(b)(1) An individual who, on September 30, 1995, is covered by a health benefits plan administered by the Farm Credit Administration may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of title 5, United States Code—

"(A) either as an individual or for self and family, if such individual is an employee, annuitant, or former spouse as defined under section 8901 of such title; and

"(B) for coverage effective on and after September 30, 1995.

"(2) An individual who, on September 30, 1995, is entitled to continued coverage under a health benefits plan administered by the Farm Credit Administration—

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of title 5, United States Code, for the same period that would have been permitted under the plan administered by the Farm Credit Administration; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under sections 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905A of such title for coverage effective on and after September 30, 1995.

"(3) An individual who, on September 30, 1995, is covered as an unmarried dependent child under a health benefits plan administered by the Farm Credit Administration and who is not a member of family as defined under section 8901(5) of title 5, United States Code—

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of such title as though the individual had, on September 30, 1995, ceased to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child under chapter 89 of such title; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905a for continued coverage on and after September 30, 1995.

"(c) The Farm Credit Administration shall transfer to the Federal Employees Health Benefits Fund established under section 8909 of title 5, United States Code, amounts determined by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, after consultation with the Farm Credit Administration, to be necessary to reimburse the Fund for the cost of providing benefits under this section not otherwise paid for by the individuals covered by this section. The amount so transferred shall be held in the Fund and used by the Office in addition to the amounts available under section 8906(g)(1) of such title.

"(d) The Office of Personnel Management—

"(1) shall administer the provisions of this section to provide for—

"(A) a period of notice and open enrollment for individuals affected by this section; and

"(B) no lapse of health coverage for individuals who enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with this section; and

"(2) may prescribe regulations to implement this section."

Pub. L. 103–409, §5, Oct. 25, 1994, 108 Stat. 4232, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

"(A) either as an individual or for self and family, if such individual is an employee, annuitant, or former spouse as defined under section 8901 of such title; and

"(B) for coverage effective on and after January 8, 1995.

"(2) An individual who, on January 7, 1995, is entitled to continued coverage under a health benefits plan administered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or the Office of Thrift Supervision—

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of title 5, United States Code, for the same period that would have been permitted under the plan administered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or the Office of Thrift Supervision; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905a of such title for coverage effective on and after January 8, 1995.

"(3) An individual who, on January 7, 1995, is covered as an unmarried dependent child under a health benefits plan administered by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency or the Office of Thrift Supervision and who is not a member of family as defined under section 8901(5) of title 5, United States Code—

"(A) shall be deemed to be entitled to continued coverage under section 8905a of such title as though the individual had, on January 7, 1995, ceased to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child under chapter 89 of such title; and

"(B) may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described under section 8903 or 8903a of such title in accordance with section 8905a for continued coverage effective on and after January 8, 1995.

"(c)

"(d)

"(1) shall administer the provisions of this section to provide for—

"(A) a period of notice and open enrollment for individuals affected by this section; and

"(B) no lapse of health coverage for individuals who enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with this section; and

"(2) may prescribe regulations to implement this section."

For provisions relating to treatment of certain Federal employees of Saint Elizabeths Hospital under certain Federal employee benefit programs, see section 207(o) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as a note under section 8331 of this title.

1 See Change of Name note below.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management may contract with qualified carriers offering plans described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title, without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 or other statute requiring competitive bidding. Each contract shall be for a uniform term of at least 1 year, but may be made automatically renewable from term to term in the absence of notice of termination by either party.

(b) To be eligible as a carrier for the plan described by section 8903(2) of this title, a company must be licensed to issue group health insurance in all the States and the District of Columbia.

(c) A contract for a plan described by section 8903(1) or (2) of this title shall require the carrier—

(1) to reinsure with other companies which elect to participate, under an equitable formula based on the total amount of their group health insurance benefit payments in the United States during the latest year for which the information is available, to be determined by the carrier and approved by the Office; or

(2) to allocate its rights and obligations under the contract among its affiliates which elect to participate, under an equitable formula to be determined by the carrier and the affiliates and approved by the Office.

(d) Each contract under this chapter shall contain a detailed statement of benefits offered and shall include such maximums, limitations, exclusions, and other definitions of benefits as the Office considers necessary or desirable.

(e) The Office may prescribe reasonable minimum standards for health benefits plans described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title and for carriers offering the plans. Approval of a plan may be withdrawn only after notice and opportunity for hearing to the carrier concerned without regard to subchapter II of chapter 5 and chapter 7 of this title. The Office may terminate the contract of a carrier effective at the end of the contract term, if the Office finds that at no time during the preceding two contract terms did the carrier have 300 or more employees and annuitants, exclusive of family members, enrolled in the plan.

(f) A contract may not be made or a plan approved which excludes an individual because of race, sex, health status, or, at the time of the first opportunity to enroll, because of age.

(g) A contract may not be made or a plan approved which does not offer to each employee, annuitant, family member, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title whose enrollment in the plan is ended, except by a cancellation of enrollment, a temporary extension of coverage during which he may exercise the option to convert, without evidence of good health, to a nongroup contract providing health benefits. An employee, annuitant, family member, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title who exercises this option shall pay the full periodic charges of the nongroup contract.

(h) The benefits and coverage made available under subsection (g) of this section are noncancelable by the carrier except for fraud, over-insurance, or nonpayment of periodic charges.

(i) Rates charged under health benefits plans described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title shall reasonably and equitably reflect the cost of the benefits provided. Rates under health benefits plans described by section 8903(1) and (2) of this title shall be determined on a basis which, in the judgment of the Office, is consistent with the lowest schedule of basic rates generally charged for new group health benefit plans issued to large employers. The rates determined for the first contract term shall be continued for later contract terms, except that they may be readjusted for any later term, based on past experience and benefit adjustments under the later contract. Any readjustment in rates shall be made in advance of the contract term in which they will apply and on a basis which, in the judgment of the Office, is consistent with the general practice of carriers which issue group health benefit plans to large employers.

(j) Each contract under this chapter shall require the carrier to agree to pay for or provide a health service or supply in an individual case if the Office finds that the employee, annuitant, family member, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title is entitled thereto under the terms of the contract.

(k)(1) When a contract under this chapter requires payment or reimbursement for services which may be performed by a clinical psychologist, optometrist, nurse midwife, nursing school administered clinic, or nurse practitioner/clinical specialist, licensed or certified as such under Federal or State law, as applicable, or by a qualified clinical social worker as defined in section 8901(11), an employee, annuitant, family member, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title covered by the contract shall be free to select, and shall have direct access to, such a clinical psychologist, qualified clinical social worker, optometrist, nurse midwife, nursing school administered clinic, or nurse practitioner/nurse clinical specialist without supervision or referral by another health practitioner and shall be entitled under the contract to have payment or reimbursement made to him or on his behalf for the services performed.

(2) Nothing in this subsection shall be considered to preclude a health benefits plan from providing direct access or direct payment or reimbursement to a provider in a health care practice or profession other than a practice or profession listed in paragraph (1), if such provider is licensed or certified as such under Federal or State law.

(3) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to comprehensive medical plans as described in section 8903(4) of this title.

(l) The Office shall contract under this chapter for a plan described in section 8903(4) of this title with any qualified health maintenance carrier which offers such a plan. For the purpose of this subsection, "qualified health maintenance carrier" means any qualified carrier which is a qualified health maintenance organization within the meaning of section 1310(d)(1) 1 of title XIII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300c–9(d)).

(m)(1) The terms of any contract under this chapter which relate to the nature, provision, or extent of coverage or benefits (including payments with respect to benefits) shall supersede and preempt any State or local law, or any regulation issued thereunder, which relates to health insurance or plans.

(2)(A) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection, if a contract under this chapter provides for the provision of, the payment for, or the reimbursement of the cost of health services for the care and treatment of any particular health condition, the carrier shall provide, pay, or reimburse up to the limits of its contract for any such health service properly provided by any person licensed under State law to provide such service if such service is provided to an individual covered by such contract in a State where 25 percent or more of the population is located in primary medical care manpower shortage areas designated pursuant to section 332 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254e).

(B) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply to contracts entered into providing prepayment plans described in section 8903(4) of this title.

(n) A contract for a plan described by section 8903(1), (2), or (3), or section 8903a, shall require the carrier—

(1) to implement hospitalization-cost-containment measures, such as measures—

(A) for verifying the medical necessity of any proposed treatment or surgery;

(B) for determining the feasibility or appropriateness of providing services on an outpatient rather than on an inpatient basis;

(C) for determining the appropriate length of stay (through concurrent review or otherwise) in cases involving inpatient care; and

(D) involving case management, if the circumstances so warrant; and

(2) to establish incentives to encourage compliance with measures under paragraph (1).

(o) A contract may not be made or a plan approved which includes coverage for any benefit, item, or service for which funds may not be used under the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997.

(p) Each contract under this chapter shall require the carrier to comply with requirements described in the provisions of sections 2799A–1, 2799A–2, and 2799A–7 of the Public Health Service Act, sections 716, 717, and 722 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, and sections 9816, 9817, and 9822 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as applicable) in the same manner as such provisions apply to a group health plan or health insurance issuer offering group or individual health insurance coverage, as described in such sections. The provisions of sections 2799B–1, 2799B–2, 2799B–3, and 2799B–5 of the Public Health Service Act shall apply to a health care provider and facility and an air ambulance provider described in such respective sections with respect to an enrollee in a health benefits plan under this chapter in the same manner as such provisions apply to such a provider and facility with respect to an enrollee in a group health plan or group or individual health insurance coverage offered by a health insurance issuer, as described in such sections.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 601; Pub. L. 93–246, §3, Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 93–363, §1, July 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 94–183, §2(43), Dec. 31, 1975, 89 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 94–460, title I, §110(b), Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1952; Pub. L. 95–368, §1, Sept. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 96–179, §3, Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(2), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3203; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §§105(b), 106(a)(3), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 15, 16; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §626], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–390, 1329–430; Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §§201(b), 202(a), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–329; Pub. L. 101–509, title IV, §1, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1421; Pub. L. 102–393, title V, §537(a), (b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1765; Pub. L. 105–12, §9(g), Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 105–266, §§3(c), 8, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2366, 2370; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(15), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842; Pub. L. 116–260, div. BB, title I, §102(d)(1), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2797.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3005. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §6, 73 Stat. 712. | |

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1(7)–(9), 78 Stat. 165. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section 1310(d)(1) of title XIII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300c–9(d)), referred to in subsec. (l), probably is intended as a reference to section 300e–9(d) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 300e–9(d) of Title 42 was redesignated section 300e–9(c) of Title 42 by Pub. L. 100–517, §7(b), Oct. 24, 1988, 102 Stat. 2580.

The Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (o), is Pub. L. 105–12, Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 23, which is classified principally to chapter 138 (§14401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 14401 of Title 42 and Tables.

Sections 2799A–1, 2799A–2, 2799A–7, 2799B–1, 2799B–2, 2799B–3, and 2799B–5 of the Public Health Service Act, referred to in subsec. (p), are classified to sections 300gg–111, 300gg–112, 300gg–117, 300gg–131, 300gg–132, 300gg–133, and 300gg–135, respectively, of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Sections 716, 717, and 722 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (p), are classified to sections 1185e, 1185f, and 1185k, respectively, of Title 29, Labor.

Sections 9816, 9817, and 9822 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (p), are classified to sections 9816, 9817, and 9822, respectively, of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Another section 1 of title IV of Pub. L. 101–509, 104 Stat. 1416, enacted sections 2701 to 2706 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, and provisions set out as a note under section 2102 of Title 44.

**2020**—Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 116–260 added subsec. (p).

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

**1998**—Subsec. (k)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–266, §8, added par. (2) and redesignated former par. (2) as (3).

Subsec. (m)(1). Pub. L. 105–266, §3(c), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "The provisions of any contract under this chapter which relate to the nature or extent of coverage or benefits (including payments with respect to benefits) shall supersede and preempt any State or local law, or any regulation issued thereunder, which relates to health insurance or plans to the extent that such law or regulation is inconsistent with such contractual provisions."

**1997**—Subsec. (o). Pub. L. 105–12 added subsec. (o).

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–393 amended subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (k) read as follows:

"(1) When a contract under this chapter requires payment or reimbursement for services which may be performed by a clinical psychologist, optometrist, nurse midwife, or nurse practitioner/clinical specialist, licensed or certified as such under Federal or State law, as applicable, or by a qualified clinical social worker as defined in section 8901(11), an employee, annuitant, family member, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title covered by the contract shall be free to select, and shall have direct access to, such a clinical psychologist, qualified clinical social worker, optometrist, nurse midwife, or nurse practitioner/nurse clinical specialist without supervision or referral by another health practitioner and shall be entitled under the contract to have payment or reimbursement made to him or on his behalf for the services performed.

"(2) The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to group practice prepayment plans."

**1990**—Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 101–509 substituted "performed by a clinical psychologist, optometrist, nurse midwife, or nurse practitioner/clinical specialist" for "performed by a clinical psychologist or optometrist" and "qualified clinical social worker, optometrist, nurse midwife, or nurse practitioner/nurse clinical specialist" for "qualified clinical social worker or optometrist".

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (n).

**1988**—Subsecs. (g), (j), (k)(1). Pub. L. 100–654 substituted "former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title" for "or former spouse" wherever appearing.

**1987**—Subsec. (k)(1). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §626(1), (2)], inserted "or by a qualified clinical social worker as defined in section 8901(11)," after "as applicable,", and ", qualified clinical social worker" after "such a clinical psychologist".

Subsec. (k)(2), (3). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §626(3)], redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "When a contract under this chapter requires payment or reimbursement for services which may be performed by a qualified clinical social worker, an employee, annuitant, family member, or former spouse covered by the contract shall be entitled under the contract to have payment or reimbursement made to him or on his behalf for the services performed. As a condition for the payment or reimbursement, the contract—

"(A) may require that the services be performed pursuant to a referral by a psychiatrist; but

"(B) may not require that the services be performed under the supervision of a psychiatrist or other health practitioner."

Subsec. (m)(2)(A). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(m) [title VI, §626(4)], struck out "This paragraph shall apply with respect to a qualified clinical social worker covered by subsection (k)(2) of this section without regard to whether such contract contains the requirement authorized by clause (i) of the second sentence of subparagraph (A) of such subsection (k)(2)."

**1986**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 99–251, §105(b), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out last sentence providing that the provisions of this subsection shall not apply to group practice prepayment plans, and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (m)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99–251, §106(a)(3), inserted last sentence relating to applicability of this paragraph with respect to a qualified clinical social worker covered by subsection (k)(2) of this section.

**1985**—Subsecs. (a), (e), (i). Pub. L. 99–53 inserted reference to section 8903a of this title.

**1984**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(2)(A), substituted "employee, annuitant, family member, or former spouse" for "employee or annuitant" in two places.

Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(2)(B), substituted "family member, or former spouse" for "or family member".

**1980**—Subsec. (m)(2)(A). Pub. L. 96–179 substituted "in a State where 25 percent or more of the population is located in primary medical care manpower shortage areas designated pursuant to section 332 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 254e)" for "who is a member of a medically underserved population (within the meaning of section 1302(7) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300e–17))".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (c) to (e), (i), (j), (l). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–368 added subsec. (m).

**1976**—Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 94–460 added subsec. (l).

**1975**—Subsecs. (j), (k). Pub. L. 94–183 redesignated subsec. (j), added by Pub. L. 93–363 and relating to services performed by a clinical psychologist or optometrist, as (k).

**1974**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 93–363 added subsec. (j) covering services performed by a clinical psychologist or optometrist.

Pub. L. 93–246 added subsec. (j) requiring the carrier to pay for or provide a health service or supply in specified cases.

Pub. L. 116–260, div. BB, title I, §102(e), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2797, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting sections 9816 and 9822 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 1185e and 1185k of Title 29, Labor, and sections 300gg–111 and 300gg–117 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and amending this section, section 223 of Title 26, and sections 300gg–19a, 300gg–21, 300gg–22, 300gg–23, and 18011 of Title 42] shall apply with respect to plan years (or, in the case of the amendment made by subsection (d)(1) [amending this section], with respect to contracts entered into or renewed for contract years) beginning on or after January 1, 2022."

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–12 effective Apr. 30, 1997, and applicable to Federal payments made pursuant to obligations incurred after Apr. 30, 1997, for items and services provided on or after such date, subject to also being applicable with respect to contracts entered into, renewed, or extended after Apr. 30, 1997, as well as contracts entered into before Apr. 30, 1997, to the extent permitted under such contracts, see section 11 of Pub. L. 105–12, set out as an Effective Date note under section 14401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 102–393, title V, §537(c), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1765, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to contract years beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 6, 1992]."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(g), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331, provided that: "Except as provided in subsection (f) [set out as a note under section 8904 of this title], the amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 8904, 8909, and 8910 of this title, and provisions set out as a note under section 8906 of this title] shall apply with respect to contract years beginning on or after January 1, 1991."

Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §203, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3845, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) any calendar year beginning, and contracts entered into or renewed for any calendar year beginning, after the end of the 9-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 14, 1988]; and

"(2) any qualifying event occurring on or after the first day of the first calendar year beginning after the end of the 9-month period referred to in paragraph (1).

"(b)

"(1) A separation from Government service.

"(2) A divorce, annulment, or legal separation.

"(3) Any change in circumstances which causes an individual to become ineligible to be considered an unmarried dependent child under chapter 89 of such title [section 8901 et seq. of this title]."

Amendment by section 105(b) of Pub. L. 99–251 effective with respect to contracts entered into or renewed for calendar years beginning after Dec. 31, 1986, see section 105(c) of Pub. L. 99–251, set out as a note under section 8901 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §106(b), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 16, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and provisions set out as notes under this section] shall take effect with respect to services provided after December 31, 1984."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Pub. L. 96–179, §5(b), Jan. 2, 1980, 93 Stat. 1300, as amended by Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §106(a)(2), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 16, provided that: "The amendments made by section 3 [amending this section] shall apply to services provided after December 31, 1979, under any contract entered into or renewed after December 31, 1979."

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 95–368, §3, Sept. 17, 1978, 92 Stat. 606, as amended by Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §106(a)(1), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 16, provided that: "The provisions of section 8902(m)(2) of title 5, United States Code, as added by the first section of this Act, shall apply to services provided under any contract entered into or renewed after December 31, 1979."

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–460 effective Oct. 8, 1976, see section 118 of Pub. L. 94–460, set out as a note under section 300e of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

Pub. L. 93–363, §2, July 30, 1974, 88 Stat. 398, provided that: "The amendment made by this Act [amending this section] shall become effective with respect to any contract entered into or renewed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [July 30, 1974]."

Pub. L. 93–246, §4(c), Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 4, provided that: "Section 3 [amending this section] shall become effective with respect to any contract entered into or renewed on or after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 31, 1974]."

Pub. L. 105–266, §5, Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2368, provided that: "The Office of Personnel Management shall encourage carriers offering health benefits plans described by section 8903 or section 8903a of title 5, United States Code, with respect to contractual arrangements made by such carriers with any person for purposes of obtaining discounts from providers for health care services or supplies furnished to individuals enrolled in such plan, to seek assurance that the conditions for such discounts are fully disclosed to the providers who grant them."

Pub. L. 100–360, title IV, §422, July 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 810, which directed the Office of Personnel Management to reduce the rates charged medicare eligible individuals participating in health benefit plans by a prorated amount, was repealed by Pub. L. 101–234, title III, §301(a), Dec. 13, 1989, 103 Stat. 1985.

Pub. L. 91–515, title IV, §401, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1309, authorized Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to permit any carrier which is a party to a contract entered into under this chapter or under the Retired Federal Employees Health Benefits Act, or which participates in carrying out of any such contract, to issue in any State contracts entitling any person as a beneficiary to receive comprehensive medical services from a group practice unit or organization with which such carrier has contracted or otherwise arranged for the provision of such services.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) For the purpose of this section—

(A) the term "provider of health care services or supplies" or "provider" means a physician, hospital, or other individual or entity which furnishes health care services or supplies;

(B) the term "individual covered under this chapter" or "covered individual" means an employee, annuitant, family member, or former spouse covered by a health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a;

(C) an individual or entity shall be considered to have been "convicted" of a criminal offense if—

(i) a judgment of conviction for such offense has been entered against the individual or entity by a Federal, State, or local court;

(ii) there has been a finding of guilt against the individual or entity by a Federal, State, or local court with respect to such offense;

(iii) a plea of guilty or nolo contendere by the individual or entity has been accepted by a Federal, State, or local court with respect to such offense; or

(iv) in the case of an individual, the individual has entered a first offender or other program pursuant to which a judgment of conviction for such offense has been withheld;

without regard to the pendency or outcome of any appeal (other than a judgment of acquittal based on innocence) or request for relief on behalf of the individual or entity; and

(D) the term "should know" means that a person, with respect to information, acts in deliberate ignorance of, or in reckless disregard of, the truth or falsity of the information, and no proof of specific intent to defraud is required; 1

(2)(A) Notwithstanding section 8902(j) or any other provision of this chapter, if, under subsection (b), (c), or (d) a provider is barred from participating in the program under this chapter, no payment may be made by a carrier pursuant to any contract under this chapter (either to such provider or by reimbursement) for any service or supply furnished by such provider during the period of the debarment.

(B) Each contract under this chapter shall contain such provisions as may be necessary to carry out subparagraph (A) and the other provisions of this section.

(b) The Office of Personnel Management shall bar the following providers of health care services or supplies from participating in the program under this chapter:

(1) Any provider that has been convicted, under Federal or State law, of a criminal offense relating to fraud, corruption, breach of fiduciary responsibility, or other financial misconduct in connection with the delivery of a health care service or supply.

(2) Any provider that has been convicted, under Federal or State law, of a criminal offense relating to neglect or abuse of patients in connection with the delivery of a health care service or supply.

(3) Any provider that has been convicted, under Federal or State law, in connection with the interference with or obstruction of an investigation or prosecution of a criminal offense described in paragraph (1) or (2).

(4) Any provider that has been convicted, under Federal or State law, of a criminal offense relating to the unlawful manufacture, distribution, prescription, or dispensing of a controlled substance.

(5) Any provider that is currently debarred, suspended, or otherwise excluded from any procurement or nonprocurement activity (within the meaning of section 2455 of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994).

(c) The Office may bar the following providers of health care services from participating in the program under this chapter:

(1) Any provider—

(A) whose license to provide health care services or supplies has been revoked, suspended, restricted, or not renewed, by a State licensing authority for reasons relating to the provider's professional competence, professional performance, or financial integrity; or

(B) that surrendered such a license while a formal disciplinary proceeding was pending before such an authority, if the proceeding concerned the provider's professional competence, professional performance, or financial integrity.

(2) Any provider that is an entity directly or indirectly owned, or with a control interest of 5 percent or more held, by an individual who has been convicted of any offense described in subsection (b), against whom a civil monetary penalty has been assessed under subsection (d), or who has been debarred from participation under this chapter.

(3) Any individual who directly or indirectly owns or has a control interest in a sanctioned entity and who knows or should know of the action constituting the basis for the entity's conviction of any offense described in subsection (b), assessment with a civil monetary penalty under subsection (d), or debarment from participation under this chapter.

(4) Any provider that the Office determines, in connection with claims presented under this chapter, has charged for health care services or supplies in an amount substantially in excess of such provider's customary charge for such services or supplies (unless the Office finds there is good cause for such charge), or charged for health care services or supplies which are substantially in excess of the needs of the covered individual or which are of a quality that fails to meet professionally recognized standards for such services or supplies.

(5) Any provider that the Office determines has committed acts described in subsection (d).

Any determination under paragraph (4) relating to whether a charge for health care services or supplies is substantially in excess of the needs of the covered individual shall be made by trained reviewers based on written medical protocols developed by physicians. In the event such a determination cannot be made based on such protocols, a physician in an appropriate specialty shall be consulted.

(d) Whenever the Office determines—

(1) in connection with claims presented under this chapter, that a provider has charged for a health care service or supply which the provider knows or should have known involves—

(A) an item or service not provided as claimed;

(B) charges in violation of applicable charge limitations under section 8904(b); or

(C) an item or service furnished during a period in which the provider was debarred from participation under this chapter pursuant to a determination by the Office under this section, other than as permitted under subsection (g)(2)(B);

(2) that a provider of health care services or supplies has knowingly made, or caused to be made, any false statement or misrepresentation of a material fact which is reflected in a claim presented under this chapter; or

(3) that a provider of health care services or supplies has knowingly failed to provide any information required by a carrier or by the Office to determine whether a payment or reimbursement is payable under this chapter or the amount of any such payment or reimbursement;

the Office may, in addition to any other penalties that may be prescribed by law, and after consultation with the Attorney General, impose a civil monetary penalty of not more than $10,000 for any item or service involved. In addition, such a provider shall be subject to an assessment of not more than twice the amount claimed for each such item or service. In addition, the Office may make a determination in the same proceeding to bar such provider from participating in the program under this chapter.

(e) The Office—

(1) may not initiate any debarment proceeding against a provider, based on such provider's having been convicted of a criminal offense, later than 6 years after the date on which such provider is so convicted; and

(2) may not initiate any action relating to a civil penalty, assessment, or debarment under this section, in connection with any claim, later than 6 years after the date the claim is presented, as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office.

(f) In making a determination relating to the appropriateness of imposing or the period of any debarment under this section (where such debarment is not mandatory), or the appropriateness of imposing or the amount of any civil penalty or assessment under this section, the Office shall take into account—

(1) the nature of any claims involved and the circumstances under which they were presented;

(2) the degree of culpability, history of prior offenses or improper conduct of the provider involved; and

(3) such other matters as justice may require.

(g)(1)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), debarment of a provider under subsection (b) or (c) shall be effective at such time and upon such reasonable notice to such provider, and to carriers and covered individuals, as shall be specified in regulations prescribed by the Office. Any such provider that is debarred from participation may request a hearing in accordance with subsection (h)(1).

(B) Unless the Office determines that the health or safety of individuals receiving health care services warrants an earlier effective date, the Office shall not make a determination adverse to a provider under subsection (c)(5) or (d) until such provider has been given reasonable notice and an opportunity for the determination to be made after a hearing as provided in accordance with subsection (h)(1).

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a debarment shall be effective with respect to any health care services or supplies furnished by a provider on or after the effective date of such provider's debarment.

(B) A debarment shall not apply with respect to inpatient institutional services furnished to an individual who was admitted to the institution before the date the debarment would otherwise become effective until the passage of 30 days after such date, unless the Office determines that the health or safety of the individual receiving those services warrants that a shorter period, or that no such period, be afforded.

(3) Any notice of debarment referred to in paragraph (1) shall specify the date as of which debarment becomes effective and the minimum period of time for which such debarment is to remain effective. In the case of a debarment under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b), the minimum period of debarment shall not be less than 3 years, except as provided in paragraph (4)(B)(ii).

(4)(A) A provider barred from participating in the program under this chapter may, after the expiration of the minimum period of debarment referred to in paragraph (3), apply to the Office, in such manner as the Office may by regulation prescribe, for termination of the debarment.

(B) The Office may—

(i) terminate the debarment of a provider, pursuant to an application filed by such provider after the end of the minimum debarment period, if the Office determines, based on the conduct of the applicant, that—

(I) there is no basis under subsection (b), (c), or (d) for continuing the debarment; and

(II) there are reasonable assurances that the types of actions which formed the basis for the original debarment have not recurred and will not recur; or

(ii) notwithstanding any provision of subparagraph (A), terminate the debarment of a provider, pursuant to an application filed by such provider before the end of the minimum debarment period, if the Office determines that—

(I) based on the conduct of the applicant, the requirements of subclauses (I) and (II) of clause (i) have been met; and

(II) early termination under this clause is warranted based on the fact that the provider is the sole community provider or the sole source of essential specialized services in a community, or other similar circumstances.

(5) The Office shall—

(A) promptly notify the appropriate State or local agency or authority having responsibility for the licensing or certification of a provider barred from participation in the program under this chapter of the fact of the debarment, as well as the reasons for such debarment;

(B) request that appropriate investigations be made and sanctions invoked in accordance with applicable law and policy; and

(C) request that the State or local agency or authority keep the Office fully and currently informed with respect to any actions taken in response to the request.

(h)(1) Any provider of health care services or supplies that is the subject of an adverse determination by the Office under this section shall be entitled to reasonable notice and an opportunity to request a hearing of record, and to judicial review as provided in this subsection after the Office renders a final decision. The Office shall grant a request for a hearing upon a showing that due process rights have not previously been afforded with respect to any finding of fact which is relied upon as a cause for an adverse determination under this section. Such hearing shall be conducted without regard to subchapter II of chapter 5 and chapter 7 of this title by a hearing officer who shall be designated by the Director of the Office and who shall not otherwise have been involved in the adverse determination being appealed. A request for a hearing under this subsection shall be filed within such period and in accordance with such procedures as the Office shall prescribe by regulation.

(2) Any provider adversely affected by a final decision under paragraph (1) made after a hearing to which such provider was a party may seek review of such decision in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia or for the district in which the plaintiff resides or has his or her principal place of business by filing a notice of appeal in such court within 60 days after the date the decision is issued, and by simultaneously sending copies of such notice by certified mail to the Director of the Office and to the Attorney General. In answer to the appeal, the Director of the Office shall promptly file in such court a certified copy of the transcript of the record, if the Office conducted a hearing, and other evidence upon which the findings and decision complained of are based. The court shall have power to enter, upon the pleadings and evidence of record, a judgment affirming, modifying, or setting aside, in whole or in part, the decision of the Office, with or without remanding the case for a rehearing. The district court shall not set aside or remand the decision of the Office unless there is not substantial evidence on the record, taken as whole, to support the findings by the Office of a cause for action under this section or unless action taken by the Office constitutes an abuse of discretion.

(3) Matters that were raised or that could have been raised in a hearing under paragraph (1) or an appeal under paragraph (2) may not be raised as a defense to a civil action by the United States to collect a penalty or assessment imposed under this section.

(i) A civil action to recover civil monetary penalties or assessments under subsection (d) shall be brought by the Attorney General in the name of the United States, and may be brought in the United States district court for the district where the claim involved was presented or where the person subject to the penalty resides. Amounts recovered under this section shall be paid to the Office for deposit into the Employees Health Benefits Fund. The amount of a penalty or assessment as finally determined by the Office, or other amount the Office may agree to in compromise, may be deducted from any sum then or later owing by the United States to the party against whom the penalty or assessment has been levied.

(j) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which, with respect to services or supplies furnished by a debarred provider to a covered individual during the period of such provider's debarment, payment or reimbursement under this chapter may be made, notwithstanding the fact of such debarment, if such individual did not know or could not reasonably be expected to have known of the debarment. In any such instance, the carrier involved shall take appropriate measures to ensure that the individual is informed of the debarment and the minimum period of time remaining under the terms of the debarment.

(Added Pub. L. 100–654, title I, §101(a), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3837; amended Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2363.)

Section 2455 of the Federal Acquisition Streamlining Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is section 2455 of Pub. L. 103–355, which is set out as a note under section 6101 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(1)(A), added subpar. (D).

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(1)(B), substituted "subsection (b), (c), or (d)" for "subsection (b) or (c)".

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(2)(A), substituted "shall" for "may" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(2)(B), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: "Any provider—

"(A) whose license to provide health care services or supplies has been revoked, suspended, restricted, or not renewed, by a State licensing authority for reasons relating to the provider's professional competence, professional performance, or financial integrity; or

"(B) that surrendered such a license while a formal disciplinary proceeding was pending before such an authority, if the proceeding concerned the provider's professional competence, professional performance, or financial integrity."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(4), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: "in connection with a claim presented under this chapter, that a provider of health care services or supplies—

"(A) has charged for health care services or supplies that the provider knows or should have known were not provided as claimed; or

"(B) has charged for health care services or supplies in an amount substantially in excess of such provider's customary charges for such services or supplies, or charged for health care services or supplies which are substantially in excess of the needs of the covered individual or which are of a quality that fails to meet professionally recognized standards for such services or supplies;".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), (5), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and inserted "(where such debarment is not mandatory)" after "debarment under this section". Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(6)(A), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "The debarment of a provider under subsection (b) or (c) shall be effective at such time and upon such reasonable notice to such provider, and to carriers and covered individuals, as may be specified in regulations prescribed by the Office."

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(6)(B), inserted "of debarment" after "notice" and inserted at end "In the case of a debarment under paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) of subsection (b), the minimum period of debarment shall not be less than 3 years, except as provided in paragraph (4)(B)(ii)."

Subsec. (g)(4)(B)(i)(I). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(6)(C), substituted "subsection (b), (c), or (d)" for "subsection (b) or (c)".

Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(6)(D), struck out par. (6) which read as follows: "The Office shall, upon written request and payment of a reasonable charge to defray the cost of complying with such request, furnish a current list of any providers barred from participating in the program under this chapter, including the minimum period of time remaining under the terms of each provider's debarment."

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (h). Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (h)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(7), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

"(1) The Office may not make a determination under subsection (b) or (c) adverse to a provider of health care services or supplies until such provider has been given written notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the record. A provider is entitled to be represented by counsel, to present witnesses, and to cross-examine witnesses against the provider in any such hearing.

"(2) Notwithstanding section 8912, any person adversely affected by a final decision under paragraph (1) may obtain review of such decision in the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A written petition requesting that the decision be modified or set aside must be filed within 60 days after the date on which such person is notified of such decision."

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), (8), redesignated subsec. (h) as (i), substituted "subsection (d)" for "subsection (c)", and inserted at end "The amount of a penalty or assessment as finally determined by the Office, or other amount the Office may agree to in compromise, may be deducted from any sum then or later owing by the United States to the party against whom the penalty or assessment has been levied." Former subsec. (i) redesignated (j).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–266, §2(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (i) as (j).

Pub. L. 105–266, §2(b), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2366, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(B) Paragraph (1)(B) of section 8902a(d) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a)(4), shall apply only with respect to charges which violate section 8904(b) of such title for items or services furnished after the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(C) Paragraph (3) of section 8902a(g) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (a)(6)(B), shall apply only with respect to debarments based on convictions occurring after the date of the enactment of this Act."

Pub. L. 100–654, title I, §102, Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3841, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

1 So in original. The semicolon probably should be a period.

The Office of Personnel Management may contract for or approve the following health benefits plans:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 602; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(3), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3203; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(b), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §§102, 111, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 14, 19; Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §202(b), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 105–266, §3(b), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2366; Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §101(a)(2)(A), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1135.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3003. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §4, 73 Stat. 711. | |

July 8, 1963, Pub. L. 88–59, §1(b), 77 Stat. 77. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2022**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 117–108 substituted "at least 2 levels of benefits for enrollees under this chapter generally and at least 2 levels of benefits for enrollees under the Postal Service Health Benefits Program established under section 8903c" for "two levels of benefits".

**1998**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 105–266 substituted "plan, which may be underwritten by participating affiliates licensed in any number of States," for "plan,".

**1988**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 100–654 substituted "former spouses, or persons having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title," for "or former spouses," and "former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title." for "or former spouse."

**1986**—Par. (4)(A). Pub. L. 99–251, §102, amended second sentence generally, substituting "at least 3 physicians" for "physicians representing at least three major medical specialties" and inserted "and who represent 1 or more medical specialties appropriate and necessary for the population proposed to be served by the plan".

Par. (4)(C). Pub. L. 99–251, §111, added subpar. (C).

**1985**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 99–53 inserted "described in section 8901(8)(A) of this title" after "employee organizations".

**1984**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(3), substituted "employees, annuitants, members of their families, or former spouses" for "employees or annuitants, or members of their families" and "employee, annuitant, family member, or former spouse" for "employee or annuitant or member of his family".

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–654 applicable with respect to any calendar year beginning, and contracts entered into or renewed for any calendar year beginning, after end of 9-month period beginning Nov. 14, 1988, and with respect to any qualifying event occurring on or after first day of first calendar year beginning after end of such 9-month period, see section 203 of Pub. L. 100–654, set out as a note under section 8902 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) In addition to any plan under section 8903 of this title, the Office of Personnel Management may contract for or approve one or more health benefits plans under this section.

(b) A plan under this section may not be contracted for or approved unless it—

(1) is sponsored or underwritten, and administered, in whole or substantial part, by an employee organization described in section 8901(8)(B) of this title;

(2) offers benefits of the types named by paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8904 of this title or both;

(3) provides for benefits only by paying for, or providing reimbursement for, the cost of such benefits (as provided for under paragraph (1) or (2) of section 8903 of this title) or a combination thereof; and

(4) is available only to individuals who, at the time of enrollment, are full members of the organization and to members of their families.

(c) A contract for a plan approved under this section shall require the carrier—

(1) to enter into an agreement approved by the Office with an underwriting subcontractor licensed to issue group health insurance in all the States and the District of Columbia; or

(2) to demonstrate ability to meet reasonable minimum financial standards prescribed by the Office.

(d) For the purpose of this section, an individual shall be considered a full member of an organization if such individual is eligible to exercise all rights and privileges incident to full membership in such organization (determined without regard to the right to hold elected office).

(Added Pub. L. 99–53, §1(b)(1), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 93.)

(a) In the event that a plan described by section 8903(3) or 8903a is discontinued under this chapter (other than in the circumstance described in section 8909(d)), that discontinuation shall be disregarded, for purposes of any determination as to that plan's eligibility to be considered an approved plan under this chapter, but only for purposes of any contract year later than the third contract year beginning after such plan is so discontinued.

(b) A contract for a plan approved under this section shall require the carrier—

(1) to demonstrate experience in service delivery within a managed care system (including provider networks) throughout the United States; and

(2) if the carrier involved would not otherwise be subject to the requirement set forth in section 8903a(c)(1), to satisfy such requirement.

(Added Pub. L. 105–266, §6(a)(1), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2368.)

Pub. L. 105–266, §6(a)(3), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369, provided that:

"(A)

"(B)

(a)

(1) the term "covered Medicare individual" means an individual who is entitled to benefits under Medicare part A, but excluding an individual who is eligible to enroll under such part under section 1818 or 1818A of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395i–2, 1395i–2a);

(2) the term "initial contract year" means the contract year beginning in January of 2025;

(3) the term "initial participating carrier" means a carrier that enters into a contract with the Office to participate in the Program during the initial contract year;

(4) the term "Medicare part A" means part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395c et seq.);

(5) the term "Medicare part B" means part B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395j et seq.);

(6) the term "Office" means the Office of Personnel Management;

(7) the term "Postal Service" means the United States Postal Service;

(8) the term "Postal Service annuitant" means an annuitant enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter whose Government contribution is required to be paid under section 8906(g)(2);

(9) the term "Postal Service employee" means an employee of the Postal Service enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter whose Government contribution is paid by the Postal Service;

(10) the term "Postal Service Medicare covered annuitant" means an individual who—

(A) is a Postal Service annuitant; and

(B) is a covered Medicare individual;

(11) the term "Program" means the Postal Service Health Benefits Program established under subsection (c) within the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program;

(12) the term "Program plan" means a health benefits plan offered under the Program; and

(13) the definitions set forth in section 8901 shall apply, and for the purposes of applying such definitions in carrying out this section, a Postal Service employee and Postal Service annuitant shall be treated in the same manner as an employee and an annuitant (as those terms are defined in paragraphs (1) and (3), respectively, of section 8901), consistent with the requirements of this section.

(b)

(1) apply to the initial contract year and each contract year thereafter; and

(2) supersede any other provision of this chapter inconsistent with such requirements, as determined by the Office.

(c)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i) to the greatest extent practicable—

(I) with respect to each plan provided by a carrier under this subchapter in which the total enrollment includes, in the contract year beginning in January 2023, 1,500 or more enrollees who are Postal Service employees or Postal Service annuitants, include a plan offered by that carrier with equivalent benefits and cost-sharing requirements as provided under paragraph (2), except that the Director of the Office may exempt any comprehensive medical plan from this requirement; and

(II) include plans offered by any other carrier determined appropriate by the Office;

(ii) provide for enrollment in Program plans of Postal Service employees and Postal Service annuitants, in accordance with subsection (d);

(iii) provide for enrollment in a Program plan as an individual, for self plus one, or for self and family; and

(iv) not provide for enrollment in a Program plan of an individual who is not a Postal Service employee or Postal Service annuitant (except as a member of family of such an employee or annuitant or as provided under paragraph (4)).

(2)

(3)

(4)

(d)

(1) shall be subject to the requirements of this section; and

(2) may not enroll in any other health benefits plan offered under any other section of this chapter.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(I) is a Postal Service Medicare covered annuitant or a member of family of a Postal Service Medicare covered annuitant; and

(II) is enrolled in health care benefits provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs under subchapter II of chapter 17 of title 38, United States Code.

(v)

(I) is a Postal Service Medicare covered annuitant or a member of family of a Postal Service Medicare covered annuitant; and

(II) is eligible for health services from the Indian Health Service.

(B)

(C)

(4)

(f)

(1)

(A) the term "current option", with respect to an individual, means the option under a plan under this chapter in which the individual is enrolled during the contract year preceding the initial contract year; and

(B) the term "current plan", with respect to an individual, means the plan under this chapter in which the individual is enrolled during the contract year preceding the initial contract year.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) any provisions necessary to implement this section;

(B) a process under which Postal Service annuitants and affected family members are timely informed of the enrollment requirements and may request, in writing, any additional enrollment information;

(C) provisions under which a Postal Service employee or Postal Service annuitant enrolled under the Program may request a belated change of plan and may be prospectively enrolled in the plan of the employee's or annuitant's choice; and

(D) provisions for individuals to cancel coverage under the Program in writing to the Postal Service because the individuals choose not to enroll in, or to disenroll from, Medicare part B.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(A) a prescription drug plan (as defined in section 1860D–41(a)(14) of such Act); or

(B) contracts between such a Program plan and PDP sponsor, as defined in section 1860D–41(a)(13) of such Act, of such a prescription drug plan.

(i)

(1)

(2)

(A) enrollments for self only;

(B) enrollments for self plus one; and

(C) enrollments for self and family.

(3)

(4)

(j)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(2)

(k)

(l)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) notify Postal Service annuitants and Postal Service employees about the Postal Service Health Benefits Program established under subsection (c)(1);

(B) provide information regarding the Postal Service Health Benefits Program and the requirements of this section to Postal Service annuitants and Postal Service employees, including—

(i) a description of the health care options available under such Program;

(ii) the enrollment provisions of subsection (d); and

(iii) the requirement that Postal Service annuitants and their family members be enrolled in Medicare under subsection (e);

(C) respond and provide answers to any inquiry from such employees and annuitants about the Postal Service Health Benefits Program, in consultation with the Office as necessary;

(D) in consultation with the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Social Security Administration, provide information to individuals about enrollment under the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, and refer individuals to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the Social Security Administration as necessary for additional enrollment information; and

(E) carry out, or provide for through contract or other arrangement, the activities described in paragraph (5).

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(A)

(i) Educational activities for annuitants and employees of the Postal Service to raise awareness of the availability of Program plans and requirements for enrolling in such plans, including requirements to be entitled to Medicare part A and enroll in Medicare part B.

(ii) Distribution of fair and impartial information concerning enrollment in such plans.

(iii) Facilitation of enrollment in such plans.

(iv) Provision of information in a manner that is culturally and linguistically appropriate to the needs of the population being served by the Program plans.

(B)

(i)

(I) engage in the navigator activities described in subparagraph (A); and

(II) avoid conflicts of interest.

(ii)

(I) be a health insurance carrier; or

(II) receive any consideration directly or indirectly from any health insurance carrier in connection with the enrollment of any individual in a Program plan.

(C)

(6)

(A)

(B)

(i) provisions for the notification of Postal Service annuitants and Postal Service employees about the Program, including a description of the available health benefits options, including a process for notifying Postal Service employees who become eligible for Medicare part B and Postal Service Medicare covered annuitants about their choices;

(ii) provisions for notifying Postal Service annuitants, Postal Service employees, and their family members of the requirements under subsection (e) to enroll in Medicare as a condition of eligibility to enroll in the Program; and

(iii) a process, developed in consultation with the Social Security Administration, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and the Office, for addressing any inquiry from Postal Service annuitants and Postal Service employees about the Program or Medicare enrollment.

(Added Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §101(a)(1), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1128.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(4), (5), (h)(2), and (l)(3)(D), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XVIII (§1395 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Parts A and B of title XVIII of the Act are classified generally to parts A (§1395c et seq.) and B (§1395j et seq.), respectively, of subchapter XVIII of chapter 7 of Title 42. Sections 1860D–1, 1860D–22, and 1860D–41 are classified to sections 1395w–101, 1395w–132, and 1395w–151, respectively, of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (e)(3)(B), (g)(1), and (l)(2), (6)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–108, which was approved Apr. 6, 2022.

Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §101(c), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1137, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) which Postal Service annuitants, and family members of such annuitants, may be eligible to enroll under Medicare part B during the special enrollment period described in paragraph (2); and

"(B) whether Postal Service annuitants, and family members of such annuitants, satisfy the enrollment requirements described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 8903c(e) of title 5, United States Code, as added by subsection (a)."

Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §101(d)(5), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1138, provided that:

"(A)

"(B)

"(i) shall report the amount paid under subparagraph (A) annually to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Oversight and Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives; and

"(ii) may satisfy the requirement under clause (i) by including the amount paid under subparagraph (A) in any other annual report submitted to Congress."

[For definition of "Postal Service" as used in section 101(d)(5) of Pub. L. 117–108, set out above, see section 102 of Title 39, Postal Service, as made applicable by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 117–108, which is set out as a note under section 501 of Title 39.]

(a) The benefits to be provided under plans described by section 8903 of this title may be of the following types:

(1)

(A) Hospital benefits.

(B) Surgical benefits.

(C) In-hospital medical benefits.

(D) Ambulatory patient benefits.

(E) Supplemental benefits.

(F) Obstetrical benefits.

(2)

(A) Hospital care.

(B) Surgical care and treatment.

(C) Medical care and treatment.

(D) Obstetrical benefits.

(E) Prescribed drugs, medicines, and prosthetic devices.

(F) Other medical supplies and services.

(3)

(4)

All plans contracted for under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection shall include benefits both for costs associated with care in a general hospital and for other health services of a catastrophic nature.

(b)(1)(A) A plan, other than a prepayment plan described in section 8903(4) of this title, may not provide benefits, in the case of any retired enrolled individual who is age 65 or older and is not covered to receive Medicare hospital and insurance benefits under part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395c et seq.), to pay a charge imposed by any health care provider, for inpatient hospital services which are covered for purposes of benefit payments under this chapter and part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act, to the extent that such charge exceeds applicable limitations on hospital charges established for Medicare purposes under section 1886 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww). Hospital providers who have in force participation agreements with the Secretary of Health and Human Services consistent with sections 1814(a) and 1866 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395f(a) and 1395cc), whereby the participating provider accepts Medicare benefits as full payment for covered items and services after applicable patient copayments under section 1813 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395e) have been satisfied, shall accept equivalent benefit payments and enrollee copayments under this chapter as full payment for services described in the preceding sentence. The Office of Personnel Management shall notify the Secretary of Health and Human Services if a hospital is found to knowingly and willfully violate this subsection on a repeated basis and the Secretary may invoke appropriate sanctions in accordance with section 1866(b)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395cc(b)(2)) and applicable regulations.

(B)(i) A plan, other than a prepayment plan described in section 8903(4), may not provide benefits, in the case of any retired enrolled individual who is age 65 or older and is not entitled to Medicare supplementary medical insurance benefits under part B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395j et seq.), to pay a charge imposed for physicians' services (as defined in section 1848(j) of such Act, 42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(j)) which are covered for purposes of benefit payments under this chapter and under such part, to the extent that such charge exceeds the fee schedule amount under section 1848(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(a)).

(ii) Physicians and suppliers who have in force participation agreements with the Secretary of Health and Human Services consistent with section 1842(h)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395u(h)(1)), whereby the participating provider accepts Medicare benefits (including allowable deductible and coinsurance amounts) as full payment for covered items and services shall accept equivalent benefit and enrollee cost-sharing under this chapter as full payment for services described in clause (i). Physicians and suppliers who are nonparticipating physicians and suppliers for purposes of part B of title XVIII of such Act shall not impose charges that exceed the limiting charge under section 1848(g) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–4(g)) with respect to services described in clause (i) provided to enrollees described in such clause. The Office of Personnel Management shall notify a physician or supplier who is found to have violated this clause and inform them of the requirements of this clause and sanctions for such a violation. The Office of Personnel Management shall notify the Secretary of Health and Human Services if a physician or supplier is found to knowingly and willfully violate this clause on a repeated basis and the Secretary of Health and Human Services may invoke appropriate sanctions in accordance with sections 1128A(a) and 1848(g)(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1320a–7a(a), 1395w–4(g)(1)) and applicable regulations.

(C) If the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines that a violation of this subsection warrants excluding a provider from participation for a specified period under title XVIII of the Social Security Act, the Office shall enforce a corresponding exclusion of such provider for purposes of this chapter.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and their agents, shall exchange any information necessary to implement this subsection.

(3)(A) Not later than December 1, 1991, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management) shall supply to carriers of plans described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of section 8903 the Medicare program information necessary for them to comply with paragraph (1).

(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term "Medicare program information" includes (i) the limitations on hospital charges established for Medicare purposes under section 1886 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww) and the identity of hospitals which have in force agreements with the Secretary of Health and Human Services consistent with section 1814(a) and 1866 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395f(a) and 1395cc), and (ii) the fee schedule amounts and limiting charges for physicians' services established under section 1848 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w–4) and the identity of participating physicians and suppliers who have in force agreements with such Secretary under section 1842(h) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1395u(h)).

(4) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall enter into an arrangement with the Secretary of Health and Human Services, to be effective before the first day of the fifth month that begins before each contract year, under which—

(A) physicians and suppliers (whether or not participating) under the Medicare program will be notified of the requirements of paragraph (1)(B);

(B) enforcement procedures will be in place to carry out such paragraph (including enforcement of protections against overcharging of beneficiaries); and

(C) Medicare program information described in paragraph (3)(B)(ii) will be supplied to carriers under paragraph (3)(A).

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(f)(1), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–330; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(76), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11003(a), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 409.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3004. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §5, 73 Stat. 712. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Title XVIII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter XVIII (§1395 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Parts A and B of title XVIII of the Act are classified generally to part A (§1395c et seq.) and part B (§1395j et seq.), respectively, of subchapter XVIII of chapter 7 of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**1993**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 103–66, §11003(a)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 103–66, §11003(a)(2), inserted cl. (i) designation and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 103–66, §11003(a)(3), added par. (4).

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–378 substituted "this subsection" for "this section" in pars. (3) and (4) and in last sentence.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–508 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11003(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 410, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to contract years beginning on or after January 1, 1995."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(f)(2), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–331, provided that: "The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply with respect to contract years beginning on or after January 1, 1992."

Pub. L. 116–127, div. F, §6006(c), Mar. 18, 2020, 134 Stat. 207, provided that: "No copayment or other cost sharing may be required for any individual occupying a position in the civil service (as that term is defined in section 2101(1) of title 5, United States Code) enrolled in a health benefits plan, including any plan under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, or for any other individual currently enrolled in any plan under chapter 89 of title 5 for in vitro diagnostic products described in paragraph (1) of section 6001(a) [of Pub. L. 116–127, 42 U.S.C. 1320b–5 note] (or the administration of such products) or visits described in paragraph (2) of such section furnished during any portion of the emergency period defined in paragraph (1)(B) of section 1135(g) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320b–5(g)) beginning on or after the date of the enactment of this Act [Mar. 18, 2020]."

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §107, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 16, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the treatment of mental illness, alcoholism, and drug addiction are basic health care services which are needed by approximately 40,000,000 Americans each year;

"(2) treatment of mental illness, alcoholism, and drug addiction is increasingly successful;

"(3) timely and appropriate treatment of mental illness, alcoholism, and drug addiction is cost effective in terms of restored productivity, reduced utilization of other health services, and reduced social dependence; and

"(4) mental illness is a problem of grave concern to the people of the United States and is widely but unnecessarily feared and misunderstood.

"(b)

"(1) that participants in the Federal employees health benefits program should receive adequate benefits coverage for treatment of mental illness, alcoholism, and drug addiction; and

"(2) that the Office of Personnel Management should encourage participating health benefits plans to provide adequate benefits relating to treatment of mental illness, alcoholism, and drug addiction (including benefits relating to coverage for inpatient and outpatient treatment and catastrophic protection benefits)."

(a) An employee may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described in section 8903 or 8903a—

(1) as an individual;

(2) for self plus one; or

(3) for self and family.

(b) An annuitant who at the time he becomes an annuitant was enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter—

(1) as an employee for a period of not less than—

(A) the 5 years of service immediately before retirement;

(B) the full period or periods of service between the last day of the first period, as prescribed by regulations of the Office of Personnel Management, in which he is eligible to enroll in the plan and the date on which he becomes an annuitant; or

(C) the full period or periods of service beginning with the enrollment which became effective before January 1, 1965, and ending with the date on which he becomes an annuitant;

whichever is shortest; or

(2) as a member of the family of an employee or annuitant;

may continue his enrollment under the conditions of eligibility prescribed by regulations of the Office. The Office may, in its sole discretion, waive the requirements of this subsection in the case of an individual who fails to satisfy such requirements if the Office determines that, due to exceptional circumstances, it would be against equity and good conscience not to allow such individual to be enrolled as an annuitant in a health benefits plan under this chapter 1

(c)(1) A former spouse may—

(A) within 60 days after the dissolution of the marriage, or

(B) in the case of a former spouse of a former employee whose marriage was dissolved after the employee's retirement, within 60 days after the dissolution of the marriage or, if later, within 60 days after an election is made under section 8339(j)(3) or 8417(b) of this title for such former spouse by the retired employee,

enroll in an approved health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title as an individual or for 2 for self plus one or self and family as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, subject to agreement to pay the full subscription charge of the enrollment, including the amounts determined by the Office to be necessary for administration and reserves pursuant to section 8909(b) of this title. The former spouse shall submit an enrollment application and make premium payments to the agency which, at the time of divorce or annulment, employed the employee to whom the former spouse was married or, in the case of a former spouse who is receiving annuity payments under section 8341(h), 8345(j), 8445, or 8467 of this title, to the Office of Personnel Management.

(2) Coverage for self plus one or for self and family under this subsection shall be limited to—

(A) the former spouse; and

(B) unmarried dependent natural or adopted children (or, in the case of self plus one coverage, not more than 1 such child) of the former spouse and the employee who are—

(i) under 22 years of age; or

(ii) incapable of self-support because of mental or physical disability which existed before age 22.

(d) An individual whom the Secretary of Defense determines is an eligible beneficiary under subsection (b) of section 1108 of title 10 may enroll, as part of the demonstration project under such section, in a health benefits plan under this chapter in accordance with the agreement under subsection (a) of such section between the Secretary and the Office and applicable regulations under this chapter.

(e) If an employee, annuitant, or other individual eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under this chapter has a spouse who is also eligible to enroll, either spouse, but not both, may enroll for self and family, or for a self plus one enrollment that covers the spouse, or each spouse may enroll as an individual or for a self plus one enrollment that does not cover the other spouse or a child who is covered under the enrollment of the other spouse. However, an individual may not be enrolled both as an employee, annuitant, or other individual eligible to enroll and as a member of the family.

(f) An employee, annuitant, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter may change his coverage or that of himself and members of his family by an application filed within 60 days after a change in family status or at other times and under conditions prescribed by regulations of the Office.

(g)(1) Under regulations prescribed by the Office, the Office shall, before the start of any contract term in which—

(A) an adjustment is made in any of the rates charged or benefits provided under a health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title,

(B) a newly approved health benefits plan is offered, or

(C) an existing plan is terminated,

provide a period of not less than 3 weeks during which any employee, annuitant, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title enrolled in a health benefits plan described by such section shall be permitted to transfer that individual's enrollment to another such plan or to cancel such enrollment.

(2) In addition to any opportunity afforded under paragraph (1) of this subsection, an employee, annuitant, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter shall be permitted to transfer that individual's enrollment to another such plan, or to cancel such enrollment, at such other times and subject to such conditions as the Office may prescribe in regulations.

(3)(A) In addition to any informational requirements otherwise applicable under this chapter, the regulations shall include provisions to ensure that each employee eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under this chapter (whether actually enrolled or not) is notified in writing as to the rights afforded under section 8905a of this title.

(B) Notification under this paragraph shall be provided by employing agencies at an appropriate point in time before each period under paragraph (1) so that employees may be aware of their rights under section 8905a of this title when making enrollment decisions during such period.

(h)(1) An unenrolled employee who is required by a court or administrative order to provide health insurance coverage for 1 or more children who meets the requirements of section 8901(5) may enroll for self plus one or self and family coverage, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in a health benefits plan under this chapter. If such employee fails to enroll for self plus one or self and family coverage, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in a health benefits plan that provides full benefits and services in the location in which the child or children reside, and the employee does not provide documentation showing that such coverage has been provided through other health insurance, the employing agency shall enroll the employee in a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in the option which provides the lower level of coverage under the Service Benefit Plan.

(2) An employee who is enrolled as an individual in a health benefits plan under this chapter and who is required by a court or administrative order to provide health insurance coverage for 1 or more children who meets the requirements of section 8901(5) may change to a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in the same or another health benefits plan under this chapter. If such employee fails to change to a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, and the employee does not provide documentation showing that such coverage has been provided through other health insurance, the employing agency shall change the enrollment of the employee to a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in the plan in which the employee is enrolled if that plan provides full benefits and services in the location where the child or children reside. If the plan in which the employee is enrolled does not provide full benefits and services in the location in which the child or children reside, or, if the employee fails to change to a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in a plan that provides full benefits and services in the location where the child or children reside, the employing agency shall change the coverage of the employee to a self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in the option which provides the lower level of coverage under the Service Benefits Plan.

(3) The employee may not discontinue the self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order, in a plan that provides full benefits and services in the location in which the child or children reside for so long as the court or administrative order remains in effect and the child or children continue to meet the requirements of section 8901(5), unless the employee provides documentation showing that such coverage has been provided through other health insurance.

(i) Any services by an officer or employee under this chapter relating to enrolling individuals in a health benefits plan under this chapter, or changing the enrollment of an individual already so enrolled, shall be deemed, for purposes of section 1342 of title 31, services for emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 603; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(4), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3203; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), (c), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §§103, 104(a), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 99–335, title II, §207(m), June 6, 1986, 100 Stat. 598; Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §§201(c), (d), 202(c), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(77), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VII, §721(b)(1), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2065; Pub. L. 106–394, §2, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1629; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, §706(a), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1193; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1110(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1600.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3002(a) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 4th commas), (b)–(e). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §3(a) (1st sentence, less words between 1st and 4th commas), (b)–(e), 73 Stat. 710. | |

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1(5), 78 Stat. 164. |


In subsection (b)(1), the words "as an employee" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (b)(1)(C), the words "before January 1, 1965" are substituted for "not later than December 31, 1964".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**2019**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (i).

**2013**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "An employee may enroll in an approved health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title either as an individual or for self and family."

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(2)(A), inserted "for self plus one or" before "self and family as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection" in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(2)(B)(i), inserted "for self plus one or" before "for self and family" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(2)(B)(ii), inserted "(or, in the case of self plus one coverage, not more than 1 such child)" after "adopted children".

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(3), substituted "or for a self plus one enrollment that covers the spouse, or each spouse may enroll as an individual or for a self plus one enrollment that does not cover the other spouse or a child who is covered under the enrollment of the other spouse" for "or each spouse may enroll as an individual".

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(4)(A)–(C), substituted "self plus one or self and family enrollment, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order," for "self and family enrollment", "1 or more children" for "a child", and "the child or children reside" for "the child resides" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(4)(D), substituted "self plus one or self and family coverage, as necessary to provide health insurance coverage for each child who is covered under the order," for "self and family coverage" in two places.

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(a)(4)(E), substituted "the child or children continue" for "the child continues".

**2000**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106–394 added subsec. (h).

**1998**—Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 105–261 added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) to (f) as (e) to (g), respectively.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(77)(A), substituted "this chapter" for "this subchapter." at end.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(77)(B), inserted comma after "8341(h)" in last sentence.

**1988**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–654, §202(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: "If an employee has a spouse who is an employee, either spouse, but not both, may enroll for self and family, or each spouse may enroll as an individual. However, an individual may not be enrolled both as an employee or annuitant and as a member of the family."

Subsecs. (e), (f)(1), (2). Pub. L. 100–654, §201(c), (d)(1), substituted "former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title" for "or former spouse".

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 100–654, §201(d)(2), added par. (3).

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–251, §103, inserted last sentence relating to waiver of the requirements of this subsection if it would be against equity to prohibit enrollment.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–335 inserted in subpar. (B) "or 8417(b)" and substituted in provision following subpar. (B) "8345(j), 8445, or 8467" for "or 8345(j)".

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–251, §104(a), amended subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (f) read as follows: "An employee, annuitant, or former spouse enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter may change his coverage or that of himself and members of his family by an application filed within 60 days after a change in family status or at other times and under conditions prescribed by regulations of the Office."

**1985**—Subsecs. (a), (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), inserted reference to section 8903a of this title.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), (c), inserted reference to section 8903a of this title and substituted "such plan" for "plan described by that section".

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(4)(A), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(4)(A), redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(4), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e) and substituted "An employee, annuitant, or former spouse" for "An employee or annuitant". Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(4), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted "An employee, annuitant, or former spouse" for "An employee or annuitant".

**1978**—Subsecs. (b), (d), (e). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively, wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–92 applicable to any lapse in appropriations beginning on or after Dec. 20, 2019, see section 1110(d) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 8702 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–654 applicable with respect to any calendar year beginning, and contracts entered into or renewed for any calendar year beginning, after end of 9-month period beginning Nov. 14, 1988, and with respect to any qualifying event occurring on or after first day of first calendar year beginning after end of such 9-month period, see section 203 of Pub. L. 100–654, set out as a note under section 8902 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 99–335 effective Jan. 1, 1987, see section 702(a) of Pub. L. 99–335, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8401 of this title.

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §104(b), Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 15, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be effective with respect to contracts entered into or renewed for calendar years beginning after December 31, 1986."

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Regulations to carry out amendment by Pub. L. 116–92 to be prescribed no later than 90 days after Dec. 20, 2019, and to contain provision related to pay status for furloughed employees, see section 1110(c) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 8702 of this title.

Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, §706(d), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1194, provided that: "For the first contract year for which an employee may enroll for self plus one coverage under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, the Office of Personnel Management shall determine the weighted average of the subscription charges that will be in effect for the contract year for enrollments for self plus one under such chapter based on an actuarial analysis."

Pub. L. 93–246, §§2, 4(b), Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 4, provided that:

"

"(b) An annuitant who elects to be covered under the provisions of chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, in accordance with subsection (a) of this section, shall be entitled to the benefits under such chapter 89.

"[Sec. 4] (b) Section 2 [set out above] shall take effect on the one hundred and eightieth day following the date of enactment [Jan. 1, 1974] or on such earlier date as the United States Civil Service Commission may prescribe."

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a period.

2 So in original. The word "for" probably should precede "self and family".

(a) Any individual described in subsection (b) may elect to continue coverage under this chapter in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(b) This section applies with respect to—

(1) any employee who—

(A) is separated from service, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, except that if the separation is involuntary, this section shall not apply if the separation is for gross misconduct (as defined under regulations which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe); and

(B) would not otherwise be eligible for any benefits under this chapter (determined without regard to any temporary extension of coverage and without regard to any benefits available under a nongroup contract);

(2) any individual who—

(A) ceases to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child under this chapter;

(B) on the day before so ceasing to meet the requirements referred to in subparagraph (A), was covered under a health benefits plan under this chapter as a member of the family of an employee or annuitant; and

(C) would not otherwise be eligible for any benefits under this chapter (determined without regard to any temporary extension of coverage and without regard to any benefits available under a nongroup contract); and

(3) any employee who—

(A) is enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter;

(B) is a member of a reserve component of the armed forces;

(C) is called or ordered to active duty in support of a contingency operation (as defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10);

(D) is placed on leave without pay or separated from service to perform active duty; and

(E) serves on active duty for a period of more than 30 consecutive days.

(c)(1) The Office shall prescribe regulations and provide for the inclusion of appropriate terms in contracts with carriers to provide that—

(A) with respect to an employee who becomes (or will become) eligible for continued coverage under this section as a result of separation from service, the separating agency shall, before the end of the 30-day period beginning on the date as of which coverage (including any temporary extensions of coverage) would otherwise end, notify the individual of such individual's rights under this section; and

(B) with respect to a child of an employee or annuitant who becomes eligible for continued coverage under this section as a result of ceasing to meet the requirements for being considered a member of the employee's or annuitant's family—

(i) the employee or annuitant may provide written notice of the child's change in status (complete with the child's name, address, and such other information as the Office may by regulation require)—

(I) to the employee's employing agency; or

(II) in the case of an annuitant, to the Office; and

(ii) if the notice referred to in clause (i) is received within 60 days after the date as of which the child involved first ceases to meet the requirements involved, the employing agency or the Office (as the case may be) must, within 14 days after receiving such notice, notify the child of such child's rights under this section.

(2) In order to obtain continued coverage under this section, an appropriate written election (submitted in such manner as the Office by regulation prescribes) must be made—

(A) in the case of an individual seeking continued coverage based on a separation from service, before the end of the 60-day period beginning on the later of—

(i) the effective date of the separation; or

(ii) the date the separated individual receives the notice required under paragraph (1)(A); or

(B) in the case of an individual seeking continued coverage based on a change in circumstances making such individual ineligible for coverage as an unmarried dependent child, before the end of the 60-day period beginning on the later of—

(i) the date as of which such individual first ceases to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child; or

(ii) the date such individual receives notice under paragraph (1)(B)(ii);

except that if a parent fails to provide the notice required under paragraph (1)(B)(i) in timely fashion, the 60-day period under this subparagraph shall be based on the date under clause (i), irrespective of whether or not any notice under paragraph (1)(B)(ii) is provided.

(d)(1)(A) Except as provided in paragraphs (4), (5), and (6), an individual receiving continued coverage under this section shall be required to pay currently into the Employees Health Benefits Fund, under arrangements satisfactory to the Office, an amount equal to the sum of—

(i) the employee and agency contributions which would be required in the case of an employee enrolled in the same health benefits plan and level of benefits; and

(ii) an amount, determined under regulations prescribed by the Office, necessary for administrative expenses, but not to exceed 2 percent of the total amount under clause (i).

(B) Payments under this section to the Fund shall—

(i) in the case of an individual whose continued coverage is based on such individual's separation, be made through the agency which last employed such individual; or

(ii) in the case of an individual whose continued coverage is based on a change in circumstances referred to in subsection (c)(2)(B), be made through—

(I) the Office, if, at the time coverage would (but for this section) otherwise have been discontinued, the individual was covered as the child of an annuitant; or

(II) if, at the time referred to in subclause (I), the individual was covered as the child of an employee, the employee's employing agency as of such time.

(2) If an individual elects to continue coverage under this section before the end of the applicable period under subsection (c)(2), but after such individual's coverage under this chapter (including any temporary extensions of coverage) expires, coverage shall be restored retroactively, with appropriate contributions (determined in accordance with paragraph (1), (4), or (5), as the case may be) and claims (if any), to the same extent and effect as though no break in coverage had occurred.

(3)(A) An individual making an election under subsection (c)(2)(B) may, at such individual's option, elect coverage either as an individual or, if appropriate, for self plus one or for self and family.

(B) For the purpose of this paragraph, members of an individual's family shall be determined in the same way as would apply under this chapter in the case of an enrolled employee.

(C) Nothing in this paragraph shall be considered to limit an individual making an election under subsection (c)(2)(A) to coverage for self alone.

(4)(A) If the basis for continued coverage under this section is an involuntary separation from a position, or a voluntary separation from a surplus position, in or under the Department of Defense due to a reduction in force, or the Department of Energy due to a reduction in force resulting from the establishment of the National Nuclear Security Administration—

(i) the individual shall be liable for not more than the employee contributions referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i); and

(ii) the agency which last employed the individual shall pay the remaining portion of the amount required under paragraph (1)(A).

(B) This paragraph shall apply with respect to any individual whose continued coverage is based on a separation occurring on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph and before—

(i) December 31, 2016; or

(ii) February 1, 2017, if specific notice of such separation was given to such individual before December 31, 2016.

(C) For the purpose of this paragraph, "surplus position" means a position which is identified in pre-reduction-in-force planning as no longer required, and which is expected to be eliminated under formal reduction-in-force procedures.

(5)(A) If the basis for continued coverage under this section is an involuntary separation from a position in or under the Department of Veterans Affairs due to a reduction in force or a title 38 staffing readjustment, or a voluntary or involuntary separation from a Department of Energy position at a Department of Energy facility at which the Secretary is carrying out a closure project selected under section 44211 of the Atomic Energy Defense Act—

(i) the individual shall be liable for not more than the employee contributions referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i); and

(ii) the agency which last employed the individual shall pay the remaining portion of the amount required under paragraph (1)(A).

(B) This paragraph shall only apply with respect to individuals whose continued coverage is based on a separation occurring on or after the date of the enactment of this paragraph.

(6)(A) If the basis for continued coverage under this section is, as a result of the termination of the Space Shuttle Program, an involuntary separation from a position due to a reduction-in-force or declination of a directed reassignment or transfer of function, or a voluntary separation from a surplus position in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration—

(i) the individual shall be liable for not more than the employee contributions referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i); and

(ii) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall pay the remaining portion of the amount required under paragraph (1)(A).

(B) This paragraph shall only apply with respect to individuals whose continued coverage is based on a separation occurring on or after the date of enactment of this paragraph and before December 31, 2010.

(C) For purposes of this paragraph, "surplus position" means a position which is—

(i) identified in pre-reduction-in-force planning as no longer required, and which is expected to be eliminated under formal reduction-in-force procedures as a result of the termination of the Space Shuttle Program; or

(ii) encumbered by an employee who has received official certification from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration consistent with the Administration's career transition assistance program regulations that the position is being abolished as a result of the termination of the Space Shuttle Program.

(e)(1) Continued coverage under this section may not extend beyond—

(A) in the case of an individual whose continued coverage is based on separation from service, the date which is 18 months after the effective date of the separation;

(B) in the case of an individual whose continued coverage is based on ceasing to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child, the date which is 36 months after the date on which the individual first ceases to meet those requirements, subject to paragraph (2); or

(C) in the case of an employee described in subsection (b)(3), the date which is 24 months after the employee is placed on leave without pay or separated from service to perform active duty.

(2) In the case of an individual who—

(A) ceases to meet the requirements for being considered an unmarried dependent child;

(B) as of the day before so ceasing to meet the requirements referred to in subparagraph (A), was covered as the child of a former employee receiving continued coverage under this section based on the former employee's separation from service; and

(C) so ceases to meet the requirements referred to in subparagraph (A) before the end of the 18-month period beginning on the date of the former employee's separation from service,

extended coverage under this section may not extend beyond the date which is 36 months after the separation date referred to in subparagraph (C).

(f)(1) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which, in addition to any individual otherwise eligible for continued coverage under this section, and to the extent practicable, continued coverage may also, upon appropriate written application, be afforded under this section—

(A) to any individual who—

(i) if subparagraphs (A) and (C) of paragraph (10) of section 8901 were disregarded, would be eligible to be considered a former spouse within the meaning of such paragraph; but

(ii) would not, but for this subsection, be eligible to be so considered; and

(B) to any individual whose coverage as a family member would otherwise terminate as a result of a legal separation.

(2) The terms and conditions for coverage under the regulations shall include—

(A) consistent with subsection (c), any necessary notification provisions, and provisions under which an election period of at least 60 days' duration is afforded;

(B) terms and conditions identical to those under subsection (d), except that contributions to the Employees Health Benefits Fund shall be made through such agency as the Office by regulation prescribes;

(C) provisions relating to the termination of continued coverage, except that continued coverage under this section may not (subject to paragraph (3)) extend beyond the date which is 36 months after the date on which the qualifying event under this subsection (the date of divorce, annulment, or legal separation, as the case may be) occurs; and

(D) provisions designed to ensure that any coverage pursuant to this subsection does not adversely affect any eligibility for coverage which the individual involved might otherwise have under this chapter (including as a result of any change in personal circumstances) if this subsection had not been enacted.

(3) In the case of an individual—

(A) who becomes eligible for continued coverage under this subsection based on a divorce, annulment, or legal separation from a person who, as of the day before the date of the divorce, annulment, or legal separation (as the case may be) was receiving continued coverage under this section based on such person's separation from service under a self plus one enrollment that covered the individual or under a self and family enrollment; and

(B) whose divorce, annulment, or legal separation (as the case may be) occurs before the end of the 18-month period beginning on the date of the separation from service referred to in subparagraph (A),

extended coverage under this section may not extend beyond the date which is 36 months after the date of the separation from service, as referred to in subparagraph (A).

(Added Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §201(a)(1), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3841; amended Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4438(a), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2725; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title III, §341(d), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2720; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title X, §1036, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 431; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title XI, §1104(c), div. C, title XXXII, §3244, Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 777, 965; Pub. L. 106–117, title XI, §1106, Nov. 30, 1999, 113 Stat. 1598; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XI, §1103, Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2661; Pub. L. 107–314, div. D, title XLVI, §4603(h), formerly Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [div. C, title XXXI, §3136(h)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–459, renumbered §4603(h) of Pub. L. 107–314 by Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, §3141(i)(4)(A)–(C), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 108–136, div. C, title XXXI, §3141(m)(3), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1787; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XI, §1101(a), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2072; Pub. L. 109–163, div. A, title XI, §1101, Jan. 6, 2006, 119 Stat. 3447; Pub. L. 110–422, title VI, §615, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4800; Pub. L. 111–242, §151, as added Pub. L. 111–322, title I, §1(a)(2), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3519; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1123, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1617; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, §706(b), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1194.)

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (d)(4)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 102–484, which was approved Oct. 23, 1992.

Section 4421 of the Atomic Energy Defense Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(5)(A), was classified to section 2601 of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 113–66, div. C, title XXXI, §3146(e)(10), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1077.

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (d)(5)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 106–117, which was approved Nov. 30, 1999.

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (d)(6)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–422, which was approved Oct. 15, 2008.

**2013**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(b)(1), inserted "for self plus one or" before "for self and family".

Subsec. (f)(3)(A). Pub. L. 113–67, §706(b)(2), substituted "based on such person's separation from service under a self plus one enrollment that covered the individual or under a self and family enrollment" for "for self and family based on such person's separation from service".

**2011**—Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 112–81 substituted "December 31, 2016" for "December 31, 2011" in cls. (i) and (ii) and substituted "February 1, 2017" for "February 1, 2012" in cl. (ii).

**2010**—Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 111–242, §151(1), as added by Pub. L. 111–322, substituted "December 31, 2011" for "October 1, 2010".

Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 111–242, §151(2), as added by Pub. L. 111–322, substituted "February 1, 2012" for "February 1, 2011" and "December 31, 2011" for "October 1, 2010".

**2008**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 110–422, §615(b), substituted "(4), (5), and (6)" for "(4) and (5)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(6). Pub. L. 110–422, §615(a), added par. (6).

**2006**—Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–163, §1101(1), substituted "October 1, 2010" for "October 1, 2006".

Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–163, §1101(2), substituted "February 1, 2011" for "February 1, 2007" and "October 1, 2010" for "October 1, 2006".

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–375, §1101(a)(1), struck out "paragraph (1) or (2) of" after "Any individual described in".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 108–375, §1101(a)(2), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(1)(C). Pub. L. 108–375, §1101(a)(4), added subpar. (C).

**2003**—Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 108–136, §3141(m)(3), substituted "section 4421 of the Atomic Energy Defense Act" for "section 3143 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (42 U.S.C. 7274n)".

**2002**—Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 107–314, §1103(1), substituted "2006" for "2003".

Subsec. (d)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 107–314, §1103(2), substituted "2007" and "2006" for "2004" and "2003", respectively.

**2000**—Subsec. (d)(5)(A). Pub. L. 107–314, §4603(h), formerly Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [div. C, title XXXI, §3136(h)], as renumbered by Pub. L. 108–136, §3141(i)(4)(A)–(C), in introductory provisions, inserted ", or a voluntary or involuntary separation from a Department of Energy position at a Department of Energy facility at which the Secretary is carrying out a closure project selected under section 3143 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (42 U.S.C. 7274n)" after "readjustment".

**1999**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–117, §1106(1), substituted "paragraphs (4) and (5)" for "paragraph (4)" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 106–117, §1106(2), substituted "(1), (4), or (5)" for "(1) or (4)".

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 106–65, §3244, inserted ", or the Department of Energy due to a reduction in force resulting from the establishment of the National Nuclear Security Administration" after "reduction in force" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 106–65, §1104(c), added cls. (i) and (ii) and struck out former cls. (i) and (ii) which read as follows:

"(i) October 1, 1999; or

"(ii) February 1, 2000, if specific notice of such separation was given to such individual before October 1, 1999."

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 106–117, §1106(3), added par. (5).

**1996**—Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 104–106, §1036(1), inserted ", or a voluntary separation from a surplus position," after "an involuntary separation from a position" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(4)(C). Pub. L. 104–106, §1036(2), added subpar. (C).

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 103–337 substituted "October 1, 1999" for "October 1, 1997" in cls. (i) and (ii) and "February 1, 2000" for "February 1, 1998" in cl. (ii).

**1992**—Subsec. (d)(1)(A). Pub. L. 102–484, §4438(a)(1), substituted "Except as provided in paragraph (4), an individual" for "An individual".

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 102–484, §4438(a)(2), substituted "in accordance with paragraph (1) or (4), as the case may be)" for "in accordance with paragraph (1))".

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 102–484, §4438(a)(3), added par. (4).

Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XI, §1101(c), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2072, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 8906 of this title] shall apply with respect to Federal employees called or ordered to active duty on or after September 14, 2001."

Amendment by section 3244 of Pub. L. 106–65 effective Mar. 1, 2000, see section 3299 of Pub. L. 106–65, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2401 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Section applicable with respect to any calendar year beginning, and contracts entered into or renewed for any calendar year beginning, after the end of the 9-month period beginning Nov. 14, 1988, and with respect to any qualifying event occurring on or after the first day of the first calendar year beginning after the end of such 9-month period, see section 203 of Pub. L. 100–654, set out as an Effective Date of 1988 Amendment note under section 8902 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. D, title XLIV, §4438(b)(1), Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2725, provided that: "Any amount which becomes payable by an agency as a result of the enactment of subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be paid out of funds or appropriations available for salaries and expenses of such agency."

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)(1) Not later than October 1 of each year, the Office of Personnel Management shall determine the weighted average of the subscription charges that will be in effect during the following contract year with respect to—

(A) enrollments under this chapter for self alone;

(B) enrollments under this chapter for self plus one; and

(C) enrollments under this chapter for self and family.

(2) In determining each weighted average under paragraph (1), the weight to be given to a particular subscription charge shall, with respect to each plan (and option) to which it is to apply, be commensurate with the number of enrollees enrolled in such plan (and option) as of March 31 of the year in which the determination is being made.

(3) For purposes of paragraph (2), the term "enrollee" means any individual who, during the contract year for which the weighted average is to be used under this section, will be eligible for a Government contribution for health benefits.

(b)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), the biweekly Government contribution for health benefits for an employee or annuitant enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter is adjusted to an amount equal to 72 percent of the weighted average under subsection (a)(1)(A) or (B), as applicable. For an employee, the adjustment begins on the first day of the employee's first pay period of each year. For an annuitant, the adjustment begins on the first day of the first period of each year for which an annuity payment is made.

(2) The biweekly Government contribution for an employee or annuitant enrolled in a plan under this chapter shall not exceed 75 percent of the subscription charge.

(3) In the case of an employee who is occupying a position on a part-time career employment basis (as defined in section 3401(2) of this title), the biweekly Government contribution shall be equal to the percentage which bears the same ratio to the percentage determined under this subsection (without regard to this paragraph) as the average number of hours of such employee's regularly scheduled workweek bears to the average number of hours in the regularly scheduled workweek of an employee serving in a comparable position on a full-time career basis (as determined under regulations prescribed by the Office).

(4) In the case of persons who are enrolled in a health benefits plan as part of the demonstration project under section 1108 of title 10, the Government contribution shall be subject to the limitation set forth in subsection (i) of that section.

(c) There shall be withheld from the pay of each enrolled employee and (except as provided in subsection (i) of this section) the annuity of each enrolled annuitant and there shall be contributed by the Government, amounts, in the same ratio as the contributions of the employee or annuitant and the Government under subsection (b) of this section, which are necessary for the administrative costs and the reserves provided for by section 8909(b) of this title.

(d) The amount necessary to pay the total charge for enrollment, after the Government contribution is deducted, shall be withheld from the pay of each enrolled employee and (except as provided in subsection (i) of this section) from the annuity of each enrolled annuitant. The withholding for an annuitant shall be the same as that for an employee enrolled in the same health benefits plan and level of benefits.

(e)(1)(A) An employee enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter who is placed in a leave without pay status may have his coverage and the coverage of members of his family continued under the plan for not to exceed 1 year under regulations prescribed by the Office.

(B) During each pay period in which an enrollment continues under subparagraph (A)—

(i) employee and Government contributions required by this section shall be paid on a current basis; and

(ii) if necessary, the head of the employing agency shall approve advance payment, recoverable in the same manner as under section 5524a(c), of a portion of basic pay sufficient to pay current employee contributions.

(C) Each agency shall establish procedures for accepting direct payments of employee contributions for the purposes of this paragraph.

(2) An employee who enters on approved leave without pay to serve as a full-time officer or employee of an organization composed primarily of employees as defined by section 8901 of this title, within 60 days after entering on that leave without pay, may file with his employing agency an election to continue his health benefits enrollment and arrange to pay currently into the Employees Health Benefits Fund, through his employing agency, both employee and agency contributions from the beginning of leave without pay. The employing agency shall forward the enrollment charges so paid to the Fund. If the employee does not so elect, his enrollment will continue during nonpay status and end as provided by paragraph (1) of this subsection and implementing regulations.

(3)(A) An employing agency may pay both the employee and Government contributions, and any additional administrative expenses otherwise chargeable to the employee, with respect to health care coverage for an employee described in subparagraph (B) and the family of such employee.

(B) An employee referred to in subparagraph (A) is an employee who—

(i) is enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter;

(ii) is a member of a reserve component of the armed forces;

(iii) is called or ordered to active duty in support of a contingency operation (as defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10);

(iv) is placed on leave without pay or separated from service to perform active duty; and

(v) serves on active duty for a period of more than 30 consecutive days.

(C) Notwithstanding the one-year limitation on coverage described in paragraph (1)(A), payment may be made under this paragraph for a period not to exceed 24 months.

(f) The Government contribution, and any additional payments under subsection (e)(3)(A), for health benefits for an employee shall be paid—

(1) in the case of employees generally, from the appropriation or fund which is used to pay the employee;

(2) in the case of an elected official, from an appropriation or fund available for payment of other salaries of the same office or establishment;

(3) in the case of an employee of the legislative branch who is paid by the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives; and

(4) in the case of an employee in a leave without pay status, from the appropriation or fund which would be used to pay the employee if he were in a pay status.

(g)(1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), the Government contributions authorized by this section for health benefits for an annuitant shall be paid from annual appropriations which are authorized to be made for that purpose and which may be made available until expended.

(2)(A) The Government contributions authorized by this section for health benefits for an individual who first becomes an annuitant by reason of retirement from employment with the United States Postal Service on or after July 1, 1971, or for a survivor of such an individual or of an individual who died on or after July 1, 1971, while employed by the United States Postal Service, shall through September 30, 2016, be paid by the United States Postal Service, and thereafter shall be paid first from the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund up to the amount contained in the Fund, with any remaining amount paid by the United States Postal Service.

(B) In determining any amount for which the Postal Service is liable under this paragraph, the amount of the liability shall be prorated to reflect only that portion of total service which is attributable to civilian service performed (by the former postal employee or by the deceased individual referred to in subparagraph (A), as the case may be) after June 30, 1971, as estimated by the Office of Personnel Management.

(3) The Government contribution for persons enrolled in a health benefits plan as part of the demonstration project under section 1108 of title 10 shall be paid as provided in subsection (i) of that section.

(h) The Office shall provide for conversion of biweekly rates of contribution specified by this section to rates for employees and annuitants paid on other than a biweekly basis, and for this purpose may provide for the adjustment of the converted rate to the nearest cent.

(i) An annuitant whose annuity is insufficient to cover the withholdings required for enrollment in a particular health benefits plan may enroll (or remain enrolled) in such plan, notwithstanding any other provision of this section, if the annuitant elects, under conditions prescribed by regulations of the Office, to pay currently into the Employees Health Benefits Fund, through the retirement system that administers the annuitant's health benefits enrollment, an amount equal to the withholdings that would otherwise be required under this section.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 604; Pub. L. 90–83, §1(96), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 91–418, §1(a), Sept. 25, 1970, 84 Stat. 869; Pub. L. 93–246, §1, Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 3; Pub. L. 94–310, §3(a), June 15, 1976, 90 Stat. 687; Pub. L. 95–437, §4(c)(2)(A), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1059; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(15), (c)(2)(F), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1226, 1227; Pub. L. 96–54, §2(a)(53), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15202(b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 101–239, title IV, §4003(a), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2135; Pub. L. 101–303, §1(a), (b), May 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7102(a), (b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–333; Pub. L. 102–378, §2(78), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1355; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §215(19), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title IV, §422], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–343; Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7002(a), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 662; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VII, §721(b)(2), (3), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2065; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §519(a), (b), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1096; Pub. L. 108–375, div. A, title XI, §1101(b), Oct. 28, 2004, 118 Stat. 2072; Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §803(a)(1)(A), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3251; Pub. L. 113–67, div. A, title VII, §706(c), Dec. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 1194.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3006. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §7, 73 Stat. 713. | |

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1(10), (11), 78 Stat. 165. |


In subsection (f)(1), the words "in the case of employees generally" are inserted for clarity.

In subsection (h), the word "biweekly" is inserted for clarity.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

Section of title 5 | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

8906(a) 8906(b) 8906(e)(2) |
5 App.: 3006(a)(1). 5 App.: 3006(a)(2). 5 App.: 3006(b)(2). |
July 18, 1966, Pub. L. 89–504, §§406(b), 602, 80 Stat. 298, 303. |


In subsection (a), the words "subsection (b) of this section", "this chapter", and "subsection (c) of this section" are substituted for "paragraph (2) of this subsection", "this Act", and "paragraph (3)", respectively, to reflect the codification of title 5, United States Code.

In subsection (e)(2), the words "as defined by section 8901 of this title" are substituted for "as defined in section 2 of this Act" to reflect the codification of that section in 5 U.S.C. 8901. The words "Employees Health Benefits Fund" and "Fund" are substituted for "fund" and "fund", respectively. In the penultimate sentence, the words "will continue during nonpay status and end" are substituted for "will terminate" for clarity and on authority of 5 U.S.C. 8906(e)(1).

**2013**—Subsec. (a)(1)(B), (C). Pub. L. 113–67 added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpar. (B) as (C).

**2006**—Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–435 substituted "shall through September 30, 2016, be paid by the United States Postal Service, and thereafter shall be paid first from the Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund up to the amount contained in the Fund, with any remaining amount paid by the United States Postal Service" for "shall be paid by the United States Postal Service".

**2004**—Subsec. (e)(3)(C). Pub. L. 108–375 substituted "24 months" for "18 months".

**2001**—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 107–107, §519(a), added par. (3).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 107–107, §519(b), amended introductory provisions generally. Prior to amendment, introductory provisions read as follows: "The Government contributions for health benefits for an employee shall be paid—".

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–261, §721(b)(2)(A), substituted "paragraphs (2), (3), and (4)" for "paragraphs (2) and (3)".

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–261, §721(b)(2)(B), added par. (4).

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 105–261, §721(b)(3)(A), substituted "paragraphs (2) and (3)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 105–261, §721(b)(3)(B), added par. (3).

**1997**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–33 added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: "The Office of Personnel Management shall determine the average of the subscription charges in effect on the beginning date of each contract year with respect to self alone or self and family enrollments under this chapter, as applicable, for the highest level of benefits offered by—

"(1) the service benefit plan;

"(2) the indemnity benefit plan;

"(3) the two employee organization plans with the largest number of enrollments, as determined by the Office; and

"(4) the two comprehensive medical plans with the largest number of enrollments, as determined by the Office."

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–33 added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: "Except as provided by paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, the biweekly Government contribution for health benefits for an employee or annuitant enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter is adjusted to an amount equal to 60 percent of the average subscription charge determined under subsection (a) of this section. For an employee, the adjustment begins on the first day of the employee's first pay period of each year. For an annuitant, the adjustment begins on the first day of the first period of each year for which an annuity payment is made."

**1996**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 104–208 struck out at end "The regulations may provide for the waiving of contributions by the employee and the Government.", inserted subpar. (A) designation, and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 104–186 substituted "Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, from the applicable accounts of the House of Representatives" for "Clerk of the House of Representatives, from the contingent fund of the House".

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(78)(A), inserted period after "Office)".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–378, §2(78)(B), substituted "and (except" for "and except".

**1990**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–303, §1(b)(1), inserted "except as provided in subsection (i) of this section)" after "enrolled employee and".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–303, §1(b)(2), inserted "(except as provided in subsection (i) of this section)" after "enrolled employee and".

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–508 designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted "July 1, 1971," for "October 1, 1986," in two places, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 101–303, §1(a), added subsec. (i).

**1989**—Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 101–239 inserted "or for a survivor of such an individual or of an individual who died on or after October 1, 1986, while employed by the United States Postal Service," after "1986,".

**1986**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 99–272 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1979**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 96–54 substituted provisions setting forth adjustment amount of the Government contribution of equal to 60 percent of the average subscription charge under subsec. (a) and determinations respecting the commencement date of the adjustment, for provisions setting forth adjustment amounts of the Government contribution of equal to 50 percent of the average subscription charge under subsec. (a) for applicable pay periods beginning in 1974, and equal to 60 percent for pay periods beginning in 1975 and after, and determinations respecting the commencement date of the adjustment.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(15), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Commission" in introductory material, and "Office" for "Commission" in cls. (3) and (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–437, §4(c)(2)(A)(i), substituted "paragraphs (2) and (3)" for "paragraph (2)".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(15), (c)(2)(F), substituted "Office" for "Commission", and "3401" for "3391".

Pub. L. 95–437, §4(c)(2)(A)(ii), added par. (3).

Subsecs. (e)(1), (h). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(15), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

**1976**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–310 provided for payment of Government contributions from annual appropriations which may be made available until expended.

**1974**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–246, §1(a), struck out introductory text "Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, the biweekly Government contribution for health benefits for employees or annuitants enrolled in health benefits plans under this chapter shall be adjusted", now incorporated in subsec. (b)(1) of this section, required Commission determination of average of subscription charges, and reenacted remainder of existing provisions, substituting "beginning date of each contract year" for "beginning date of the adjustment".

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–246, §1(a), incorporated introductory text of former subsec. (a) reading "Except as provided by subsection (b) of this section, the biweekly Government contribution for health benefits for employees or annuitants enrolled in health benefits plans under this chapter shall be adjusted", as initial text of provisions designated as subsec. (b)(1), substituted provision for amount of biweekly Government contribution equal to 50 percent of average subscription charge for applicable pay periods commencing in 1974 and 60 percent for applicable pay periods commencing in 1975, and annually thereafter, for former subsec. (a) provision for an amount equal to 40 percent of average of subscription charges and former subsec. (b) provision for 50 percent of subscription charge where the biweekly subscription charge was less than twice the Government contribution.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–246, §1(a), added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–246, §1(b), struck out reference to subsec. (a).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–246, §1(c), substituted "by this section" for "by subsection (a) of this section".

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–418, in increasing the Government contribution to the cost of health benefits insurance, substituted provision for adjustment of such contribution, beginning on the first day of the first pay period of each year, to an amount equal to 40 percent of the adjustment, with respect to self alone or self and family enrollments, as applicable, for the highest level of benefits offered by the service benefit plan, the indemnity benefit plan, the two employee organization plans, and the two comprehensive medical plans, for prior provision for a contribution, in addition to requirement of subsec. (c) of this section, of $1.62 if the enrollment is for self or $3.94 if the enrollment is for self and family.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–435 effective Oct. 1, 2006, see section 805(a) of Pub. L. 109–435, set out as a note under section 8334 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–375 applicable with respect to Federal employees called or ordered to active duty on or after Sept. 14, 2001, see section 1101(c) of Pub. L. 108–375, set out as a note under section 8905a of this title.

Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title V, §519(c), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1096, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] apply with respect to employees called to active duty on or after December 8, 1995, and an agency may make retroactive payments to such employees for premiums paid on or after such date."

Pub. L. 105–33, title VII, §7002(b), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 662, provided that: "This section [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the contract year that begins in 1999. Nothing in this subsection shall prevent the Office of Personnel Management from taking any action, before such first day, which it considers necessary in order to ensure the timely implementation of this section."

Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7102(c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–333, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1990, and shall apply with respect to amounts payable for periods beginning on or after that date."

Pub. L. 101–303, §1(c), May 29, 1990, 104 Stat. 250, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 29, 1990]. Any annuitant whose enrollment was terminated at any time before such date on account of such annuitant's annuity being insufficient to cover the amount of the required withholdings may, under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, be prospectively reinstated in any available health benefits plan upon application of the annuitant."

Pub. L. 101–239, title IV, §4003(b), Dec. 19, 1989, 103 Stat. 2135, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1989, and shall apply with respect to amounts payable for periods beginning on or after that date."

Amendment by Pub. L. 96–54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96–54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 94–310 effective Oct. 1, 1976, see section 4 of Pub. L. 94–310, set out as a note under section 4503 of Title 2, The Congress.

Pub. L. 93–246, §4(a), Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 4, provided that: "The first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after January 1, 1974."

Pub. L. 93–246, §4(d), Jan. 31, 1974, 88 Stat. 4, provided that: "The determination of the average of subscription charges and the adjustment of the Government contributions for 1973, under section 8906 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by the first section of this Act [amending this section], shall take effect on the first day of the first applicable pay period which begins on or after the thirtieth day following the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 31, 1974]."

Pub. L. 91–418, §1(b), Sept. 25, 1970, 84 Stat. 869, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall become effective at the beginning of the first applicable pay period which commences after December 31, 1970."

Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11101(b), Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 413, provided that: "In addition to any other payments required under section 8906(g)(2) of title 5, United States Code, or any other provision of law, the United States Postal Service shall pay into the Employees Health Benefits Fund a total of $348,000,000, of which—

"(1) at least one-third shall be paid not later than September 30, 1996;

"(2) at least two-thirds shall be paid not later than September 30, 1997; and

"(3) any remaining balance shall be paid not later than September 30, 1998."

Pub. L. 101–76, Aug. 11, 1989, 103 Stat. 556, as amended by Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(e), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–330; Pub. L. 103–66, title XI, §11005, Aug. 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 412, provided: "That (a)(1) in the administration of chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, for each of contract years 1990 through 1998 (inclusive), in order to compute the average subscription charges under section 8906(a) of such title for such contract years, the subscription charges in effect for the indemnity benefit plan on the beginning date of each such contract year—

"(A) shall be deemed to be the subscription charges which were in effect for such plan on the beginning date of the preceding contract year as adjusted under paragraph (2); or

"(B) if subparagraph (A) does not apply, shall be deemed to be—

"(i) the subscription charges which were deemed under this Act to have been in effect for such plan with respect to the preceding contract year as adjusted under paragraph (2), except as provided in clause (ii); or

"(ii) for each of contract years 1997 and 1998, the subscription charges which would be derived by applying the terms of clause (i), reduced by 1 percent.

"(2) The subscription charges under paragraph (1) shall be increased or decreased (as appropriate) by the average percentage by which the respective subscription charges taken into account under paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of such section 8906(a) for that contract year increased or decreased from the subscription charges taken into account under such paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) for the preceding contract year.

"(b) Separate percentages shall be computed under subsection (a)(2) with respect to enrollments for self alone and enrollments for self and family, respectively.

"(c) The provisions of this Act shall not apply to a contract year (or any period thereafter), if comprehensive reform legislation is enacted to amend section 8906 of title 5, United States Code, and such amendment is required to be implemented by the commencement of negotiations pertaining to rates and benefits for such contract year.

"(d) Any reference in this Act to a 'contract year' shall be considered to be a reference to a contract year under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code.

"(e) No later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 11, 1989], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall transmit recommendations to the Congress for comprehensive reform of the Federal Employee Health Benefits Program."

Pub. L. 100–203, title VI, §6003, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330–277, directed Postal Service to pay $160,000,000 in fiscal year 1988 and $270,000,000 in fiscal year 1989 into Employee Health Benefits Fund in addition to any amount deposited into Fund pursuant to this section in each such fiscal year.

Pub. L. 95–437, §4(c)(2)(B), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1059, provided that: "The amendments made by subparagraph (A) [amending subsec. (b)(1) and (3) of this section] shall not apply with respect to any employee serving in a position on a part-time career employment basis on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 10, 1978] for such period as the employee continues to serve without a break in service in that or any other position on such part-time basis."

Pub. L. 97–346, §4, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1650, directed Office of Personnel Management to determine amount by which Government contribution under 5 U.S.C. 8906(b) for the 1983 contract year was less than the Government contribution which would have been determined under such section for such contract year if Government contribution had been calculated by using the two employee organization plans which in 1981 satisfied the standard set forth in 5 U.S.C. 8906(a)(3) directed Government to pay amount of difference thus determined to contingency reserves of all health benefits plans for contract year 1983 in proportion to estimated number of individuals enrolled in such plans during 1983, and directed such payments be paid by appropriate agencies (including Postal Service and Postal Rate Commission) from appropriations referred to in 5 U.S.C. 8906(f) and (g) in same manner as if such payments were Government contributions, and in amounts determined appropriate by Office of Personnel Management.

Election of health benefits within sixty days after July 18, 1966, by certain employees on leave without pay for service as officer or employee of an employee organization, contributions into Fund, effect of non-election of benefits, and regulations, see note set out under section 8706 of this title.

(a)(1) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to provide for offering health benefits plans to temporary employees (who meet the requirements of paragraph (2)) under the provisions of this chapter.

(2) To be eligible to participate in a health benefits plan offered under this section a temporary employee shall have completed 1 year of current continuous employment, excluding any break in service of 5 days or less.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 8906—

(1) any temporary employee enrolled in a health benefits plan under this section shall have an amount withheld from the pay of such employee, as determined by the Office of Personnel Management, equal to—

(A) the amount withheld from the pay of an employee under the provisions of section 8906; and

(B) the amount of the Government contribution for an employee under section 8906; and

(2) the employing agency of any such temporary employee shall not pay the Government contribution under the provisions of section 8906.

(Added Pub. L. 100–654, title III, §301(a), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3846.)

Pub. L. 100–654, title III, §301(d), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3847, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section and amending section 8913 of this title] shall be effective 120 days after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 14, 1988]."

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall make available to each individual eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under this chapter such information, in a form acceptable to the Office after consultation with the carrier, as may be necessary to enable the individual to exercise an informed choice among the types of plans described by sections 8903 and 8903a of this title.

(b) Each enrollee in a health benefits plan shall be issued an appropriate document setting forth or summarizing the—

(1) services or benefits, including maximums, limitations, and exclusions, to which the enrollee or the enrollee and any eligible family members are entitled thereunder;

(2) procedure for obtaining benefits; and

(3) principal provisions of the plan affecting the enrollee and any eligible family members.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3204; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(d), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3009(d). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §10(d), 73 Stat. 715. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1985**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–53 inserted reference to section 8903a of this title.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5)(C), substituted "individuals eligible to enroll" for "employees" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5)(A), substituted "individual" for "employee" in two places.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5)(B)(i), substituted "enrollee" for "employee enrolled" in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5)(B)(ii), substituted "enrollee or the enrollee and any eligible family members" for "employee or the employee and members of his family".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(5)(B)(iii), substituted "the enrollee and any eligible family members" for "the employee or members of his family".

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" and "Office" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Commission", respectively.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

(a) An employee enrolled in a health benefits plan under this chapter who is removed or suspended without pay and later reinstated or restored to duty on the ground that the removal or suspension was unjustified or unwarranted may, at his option, enroll as a new employee or have his coverage restored, with appropriate adjustments made in contributions and claims, to the same extent and effect as though the removal or suspension had not taken place.

(b) A surviving spouse whose survivor annuity under this title was terminated because of remarriage and is later restored may, under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, enroll in a health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title if such spouse was covered by any such plan immediately before such annuity was terminated.

(c) A disability annuitant whose disability annuity under section 8337 of this title was terminated and is later restored under the second or third sentence of subsection (e) of such section may, under regulations prescribed by the Office, enroll in a health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title if such annuitant was covered by any such plan immediately before such annuity was terminated.

(d) A surviving child whose survivor annuity under section 8341(e) or 8443(b) was terminated and is later restored under paragraph (4) of section 8341(e) or the last sentence of section 8443(b) may, under regulations prescribed by the Office, enroll in a health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a if such surviving child was covered by any such plan immediately before such annuity was terminated.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 94–342, §1(a), July 6, 1976, 90 Stat. 808; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 99–53, §§2(a), 3(a)(1), (2)(A), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94, 95; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title I, §101(f) [title VI, §633(a)(3)], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009–314, 3009–363.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3009(c). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §10(c), 73 Stat. 715. | |

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1 (less (1)–(13)), 78 Stat. 165. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1996**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–208 added subsec. (d).

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–53, §3(a)(2)(A), inserted "or disability" after "and survivor" in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), inserted reference to section 8903a of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–53, §3(a)(1), added subsec. (c).

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission".

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–342 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), added subsec. (b), and substituted "employees and survivor annuitants" for "employee" in section catchline.

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–208 applicable with respect to termination of marriage taking effect before, on, or after Sept. 30, 1996, except that benefits are payable only with respect to amounts accruing for periods beginning on first day of month beginning after the later of termination of marriage or Sept. 30, 1996, see section 101(f) [title VI, §633(b)] of Pub. L. 104–208, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–342, §2, July 6, 1976, 90 Stat. 808, provided that: "The amendments made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1976, or on the date of the enactment of this Act [July 6, 1976], whichever date is later. Such amendments shall apply with respect to individuals whose survivor annuities are restored before, on, or after such date."

For provisions directing that subsec. (c) of this section shall apply with respect to any individual whose disability annuity is or was restored under section 8337(e) of this title after December 31, 1983, directing that the Office of Personnel Management notify each individual of any rights which such individual may have under subsec. (c) of this section, including any procedures or deadlines which might apply with respect to the exercise of those rights, directing that such notification be provided to any individual who, as of the 90th day after June 17, 1985, is receiving a disability annuity which was restored to such individual under section 8337(e) of this title after December 31, 1983, directing that nothing in subsec. (c) of this section be construed to authorize coverage under this chapter in the case of any individual who becomes enrolled in a health benefits plan under subsec. (c) of this section for any period before the date as of which such individual becomes so enrolled, and directing that such rule of construction apply with respect to any individual receiving a disability annuity which is or was restored under section 8337(e) of this title after December 31, 1983, and before the expiration of the 90-day period beginning on June 17, 1985, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 99–53, set out as a note under section 8706 of this title.

(a) There is in the Treasury of the United States an Employees Health Benefits Fund which is administered by the Office of Personnel Management. The contributions of enrollees and the Government described by section 8906 of this title shall be paid into the Fund. The Fund is available—

(1) without fiscal year limitation for all payments to approved health benefits plans; and

(2) to pay expenses for administering this chapter within the limitations that may be specified annually by Congress.

Payments from the Fund to a plan participating in a letter-of-credit arrangement under this chapter shall, in connection with any payment or reimbursement to be made by such plan for a health service or supply, be made, to the maximum extent practicable, on a checks-presented basis (as defined under regulations of the Department of the Treasury).

(b) Portions of the contributions made by enrollees and the Government shall be regularly set aside in the Fund as follows:

(1) A percentage, not to exceed 1 percent of all contributions, determined by the Office to be reasonably adequate to pay the administrative expenses made available by subsection (a) of this section.

(2) For each health benefits plan, a percentage, not to exceed 3 percent of the contributions toward the plan, determined by the Office to be reasonably adequate to provide a contingency reserve.

The Office, from time to time and in amounts it considers appropriate, may transfer unused funds for administrative expenses to the contingency reserves of the plans then under contract with the Office. When funds are so transferred, each contingency reserve shall be credited in proportion to the total amount of the subscription charges paid and accrued to the plan for the contract term immediately before the contract term in which the transfer is made. The income derived from dividends, rate adjustments, or other refunds made by a plan shall be credited to its contingency reserve. The contingency reserves may be used to defray increases in future rates, or may be applied to reduce the contributions of enrollees and the Government to, or to increase the benefits provided by, the plan from which the reserves are derived, as the Office from time to time shall determine.

(c) The Secretary of the Treasury may invest and reinvest any of the money in the Fund in interest-bearing obligations of the United States, and may sell these obligations for the purposes of the Fund. The interest on and the proceeds from the sale of these obligations become a part of the Fund.

(d) When the assets, liabilities, and membership of employee organizations sponsoring or underwriting plans approved under section 8903(3) or 8903a of this title are merged, the assets (including contingency reserves) and liabilities of the plans sponsored or underwritten by the merged organizations shall be transferred at the beginning of the contract term next following the date of the merger to the plan sponsored or underwritten by the successor organization. Each employee, annuitant, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title affected by a merger shall be transferred to the plan sponsored or underwritten by the successor organization unless he enrolls in another plan under this chapter. If the successor organization is an organization described in section 8901(8)(B) of this title, any employee, annuitant, former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title so transferred may not remain enrolled in the plan after the end of the contract term in which the merger occurs unless that individual is a full member of such organization (as determined under section 8903a(d) of this title).

(e)(1) Except as provided by subsection (d) of this section, when a plan described by section 8903(3) or (4) or 8903a of this title is discontinued under this chapter, the contingency reserve of that plan shall be credited to the contingency reserves of the plans continuing under this chapter for the contract term following that in which termination occurs, each reserve to be credited in proportion to the amount of the subscription charges paid and accrued to the plan for the year of termination.

(2) Any crediting required under paragraph (1) pursuant to the discontinuation of any plan under this chapter shall be completed by the end of the second contract year beginning after such plan is so discontinued.

(3) The Office shall prescribe regulations in accordance with which this subsection shall be applied in the case of any plan which is discontinued before being credited with the full amount to which it would otherwise be entitled based on the discontinuation of any other plan.

(f)(1) No tax, fee, or other monetary payment may be imposed, directly or indirectly, on a carrier or an underwriting or plan administration subcontractor of an approved health benefits plan by any State, the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or by any political subdivision or other governmental authority thereof, with respect to any payment made from the Fund.

(2) Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to exempt any carrier or underwriting or plan administration subcontractor of an approved health benefits plan from the imposition, payment, or collection of a tax, fee, or other monetary payment on the net income or profit accruing to or realized by such carrier or underwriting or plan administration subcontractor from business conducted under this chapter, if that tax, fee, or payment is applicable to a broad range of business activity.

(g) The fund described in subsection (a) is available to pay costs that the Office incurs for activities associated with implementation of the demonstration project under section 1108 of title 10.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 605; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(6), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3204; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(e), (f), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §101, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 14; Pub. L. 100–654, title II, §202(a), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3845; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(b), (c), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–330; Pub. L. 105–261, div. A, title VII, §721(b)(4), Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2065; Pub. L. 105–266, §6(b)(1), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3007. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §8, 73 Stat. 714. | |

Mar. 17, 1964, Pub. L. 88–284, §1(12), (13), 78 Stat. 165. | ||

5 U.S.C. 3008(b). | Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §9(b), 73 Stat. 715. |


In subsection (a), the words "hereby created" are omitted as executed. The words "hereinafter referred to as the 'Fund' " are omitted as unnecessary. The words "to reimburse the Employees Health Benefits Fund for sums expended by the Commission in administering the provisions of this chapter for the fiscal years 1960 and 1961" in former section 3008(b) are omitted as executed.

In subsection (d), the requirement that the assets and liabilities of plans of organizations that have been merged be transferred at the beginning of the contract term next following the date of the merger or enactment of this subsection is omitted as executed. The next beginning contract term referred to was November 1, 1964, and the transfers have been made. In the last sentence, the word "hereafter" is omitted as unnecessary.

In subsection (e), the word "is" is substituted for "is or has been" as this title is stated prospectively, and any existing rights and duties are preserved by technical section 8.

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface of the report.

**1998**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–266 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added pars. (2) and (3).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–261 added subsec. (g).

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–508, §7002(b), inserted at end "Payments from the Fund to a plan participating in a letter-of-credit arrangement under this chapter shall, in connection with any payment or reimbursement to be made by such plan for a health service or supply, be made, to the maximum extent practicable, on a checks-presented basis (as defined under regulations of the Department of the Treasury)."

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 101–508, §7002(c), added subsec. (f).

**1988**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–654 substituted "former spouse, or person having continued coverage under section 8905a of this title" for "or former spouse" in two places.

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–251 substituted "enrollees" for "employees" in last sentence.

**1985**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–53, §2(e), substituted "section 8903(3) or 8903a" for "section 8903(3)" and inserted provision directing that if the successor organization is an organization described in section 8901(8)(B) of this title, any transferred employee, annuitant, or former spouse may not remain enrolled in the plan after the end of the contract term in which the merger occurs unless the individual is a full member of such organization (as determined under section 8903a(d) of this title).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 99–53, §2(f), inserted "or 8903a" before "of this title".

**1984**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(6)(A), substituted "enrollees" for "employees, annuitants," in provisions preceding par. (1).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(6)(B), substituted "Each employee, annuitant, or former spouse" for "Each employee or annuitant".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to contract years beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1991, see section 7002(g) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 8902 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–654 applicable with respect to any calendar year beginning, and contracts entered into or renewed for any calendar year beginning, after end of 9-month period beginning Nov. 14, 1988, and with respect to any qualifying event occurring on or after first day of first calendar year beginning after end of such 9-month period, see section 203 of Pub. L. 100–654, set out as a note under section 8902 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–266, §6(b)(2), Oct. 19, 1998, 112 Stat. 2369, provided that: "In the case of any amounts remaining as of the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 19, 1998] in the contingency reserve of a discontinued plan, such amounts shall be disposed of in accordance with section 8909(e) of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this subsection, by—

"(A) the deadline set forth in section 8909(e) of such title (as so amended); or

"(B) if later, the end of the 6-month period beginning on such date of enactment."

Pub. L. 99–272, title XV, §15202(a), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 333, provided that:

"(1) The Office of Personnel Management—

"(A) shall determine the minimum level of financial reserves necessary to be held by a carrier for each health benefits plan under chapter 89 of such title for the purpose of ensuring the stable and efficient operation of such plan; and

"(B) shall require the carrier to refund to the Employees Health Benefits Fund (described in section 8909(a) of title 5, United States Code) any such reserves in excess of such minimum level in such amounts and at such times during fiscal years 1986 and 1987 as the Office determines appropriate.

"(2) In carrying out its responsibilities under this subsection, the Office shall ensure that the aggregate amount to be refunded to the Employees Health Benefits Fund under this subsection—

"(A) during fiscal year 1986 shall be not less than $800,000,000; and

"(B) during fiscal year 1987 shall be not less than $300,000,000.

"(3) No amount in the Employees Health Benefits Fund may be transferred to the general fund of the Treasury of the United States as a result of a refund made under this subsection.

"(4)(A) Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), any amounts refunded to the Employees Health Benefits Fund under this subsection may be used solely for the purpose of paying the Government contribution under chapter 89 of title 5, United States Code, for health benefits for annuitants, as defined by section 8901(3) of title 5, United States Code, (including the Government contribution for former employees of the United States Postal Service) enrolled in health benefits plans under such chapter.

"(B) This paragraph applies to a refund to the extent that such refund represents amounts attributable to Government contributions which were made under section 8906(b) of title 5, United States Code, (including contributions made by the United States Postal Service) as determined under regulations which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe.

"(C) Any part of the amount in the Employees Health Benefits Fund as a result of a refund made under this subsection may be transferred—

"(i) to the government of the District of Columbia, except that the amount of any such part so transferred shall not exceed the amount attributable to the contributions made by the government of the District of Columbia to subscription charges under this chapter (as determined by the Office of Personnel Management); and

"(ii) to the United States Postal Service, except that the amount of any such part so transferred shall not exceed the amount attributable to the contributions made by the United States Postal Service to subscription charges under this chapter (as determined by the Office).

"(5) The provisions of this subsection shall apply notwithstanding any provision of the Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1985 [probably means the Federal Employees Benefits Improvement Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–251, see Short Title of 1986 Amendment note set out under section 8901 of this title for classification]."

Pub. L. 99–251, title I, §112, Feb. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 19, provided that:

"(a)

"(2) This subsection applies with respect to any refund made by a carrier during fiscal year 1986 or 1987 to the Employees Health Benefits Fund to the extent that such refund represents amounts in excess of the minimum level of financial reserves necessary to be held by such carrier to ensure the stable and efficient operation of its health benefits plan.

"(b)

"(2) This subsection applies with respect to any amounts—

"(A) which are referred to in subsection (a)(2); and

"(B) which are attributable to Government contributions (other than contributions by the government of the District of Columbia, which shall be returned to such government) that were made under section 8906(b) of title 5, United States Code, as determined under regulations which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe.

"(c)

"(1) the term 'Employees Health Benefits Fund' refers to the fund described in section 8909(a) of title 5, United States Code;

"(2) the term 'carrier' has the meaning given such term by section 8901(7) of such title; and

"(3) the term 'health benefits plan' has the meaning given such term by section 8901(6) of such title."

(a) There is in the Treasury of the United States a Postal Service Retiree Health Benefits Fund which is administered by the Office of Personnel Management.

(b) The Fund is available without fiscal year limitation for payments required under section 8906(g)(2)(A).

(c) The Secretary of the Treasury shall immediately invest, in interest-bearing securities of the United States such currently available portions of the Fund as are not immediately required for payments from the Fund. Such investments shall be made in the same manner as investments for the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund under section 8348.

(d)(1) Not later than June 30, 2026, and by June 30 of each succeeding year, the Office shall compute, for the most recently concluded fiscal year, the amount (if any) that Government contributions required to be paid from the Fund under section 8906(g)(2)(A) exceeded the estimated net claims costs under the enrollment of the individuals described in section 8906(g)(2)(A).

(2) Not later than September 30 of each year in which the Office makes a computation under paragraph (1), the United States Postal Service shall pay into the Fund the amount (if any) of the excess computed under such paragraph.

(e) Any computation required under section 3654(b) of title 39 shall be based on—

(1) the net present value of the future net claims costs with respect to—

(A) current annuitants of the United States Postal Service as of the end of the fiscal year ending on September 30 of the relevant reporting year; and

(B) current employees of the United States Postal Service who would, as of September 30 of that year—

(i) be eligible to become annuitants pursuant to section 8901(3)(A)(i) or (ii); and

(ii) if they were retired as of that date, meet the criteria for coverage of annuitants under section 8905(b);

(2) economic and actuarial methods and assumptions consistent with the methods and assumptions used in determining the Postal surplus or supplemental liability under section 8348(h); and

(3) any other methods and assumptions, including a health care cost trend rate, that the Director of the Office determines to be appropriate.

(f) After consultation with the United States Postal Service, the Office shall promulgate any regulations the Office determines necessary under this subsection.

(g) For purposes of this section, the term "estimated net claims costs" shall mean the difference between—

(1) the sum of—

(A) the estimated costs incurred by a carrier in providing health services to, paying for health services provided to, or reimbursing expenses for health services provided to, annuitants of the United States Postal Service and any other persons covered under the enrollment of such annuitants; and

(B) an amount of indirect expenses reasonably allocable to the provision, payment, or reimbursement described in subparagraph (A), as determined by the Office; and

(2) the amount withheld from the annuity of or paid by annuitants of the United States Postal Service under section 8906.

(Added Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §803(a)(1)(B), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3251; amended Pub. L. 111–68, div. B, §164(a), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2053; Pub. L. 112–33, §124, Sept. 30, 2011, 125 Stat. 366; Pub. L. 112–74, div. C, title VI, §632, Dec. 23, 2011, 125 Stat. 928; Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §102(b), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1138.)

**2022**—Pub. L. 117–108, §102(b)(2), substituted "Benefits" for "Benefit" in section catchline.

Subsecs. (d) to (g). Pub. L. 117–108, §102(b)(1), added subsecs. (d) to (g) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to various computations of net present value of future payments, payments into the Postal Retiree Health Benefits Fund, and promulgation of regulations.

**2011**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(v). Pub. L. 112–74 substituted "August 1, 2012" for "October 4, 2011". See below.

Pub. L. 112–33 substituted "October 4, 2011", which is the date specified in section 106(3) of Pub. L. 112–33, for "September 30, 2011".

**2009**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 111–68 amended cl. (iii) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iii) read as follows: "$5,400,000,000, not later than September 30, 2009;".

Pub. L. 111–68, div. B, §164(b), Oct. 1, 2009, 123 Stat. 2053, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of section 803(a)(1)(B) of the Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act (Public Law 109–435; 120 Stat. 3251)."

Section effective Oct. 1, 2006, see section 805(a) of Pub. L. 109–435, set out as a Effective Date of 2006 Amendment note under section 8334 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–108, title I, §102(c), Apr. 6, 2022, 136 Stat. 1139, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

[For definition of "Postal Service" as used in section 102(c) of Pub. L. 117–108, set out above, see section 102 of Title 39, Postal Service, as made applicable by section 2(b) of Pub. L. 117–108, which is set out as a note under section 501 of Title 39.]

Pub. L. 109–435, title VIII, §803(b), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3252, provided that:

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(2)

(a) The Office of Personnel Management shall make a continuing study of the operation and administration of this chapter, including surveys and reports on health benefits plans available to employees and on the experience of the plans.

(b) Each contract entered into under section 8902 of this title shall contain provisions requiring carriers to—

(1) furnish such reasonable reports as the Office determines to be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions under this chapter; and

(2) permit the Office and representatives of the Government Accountability Office to examine records of the carriers as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(c) Each Government agency shall keep such records, make such certifications, and furnish the Office with such information and reports as may be necessary to enable the Office to carry out its functions under this chapter.

(d) The Office, in consultation with the Department of Health and Human Services, shall develop and implement a system through which the carrier for an approved health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a will be able to identify those annuitants or other individuals covered by such plan who are entitled to benefits under part A or B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act in order to ensure that payments under coordination of benefits with Medicare do not exceed the statutory maximums which physicians may charge Medicare enrollees.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 606; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224; Pub. L. 101–508, title VII, §7002(d), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–330; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
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5 U.S.C. 3010. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §11, 73 Stat. 716. |


In subsection (b), the word "agency" is substituted for "department, agency, and independent establishment".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Parts A and B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act are classified generally to parts A (§1395c et seq.) and B (§1395j et seq.), respectively, of subchapter XVIII of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2004**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

**1990**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–508 added subsec. (d).

**1978**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–508 applicable with respect to contract years beginning on or after Jan. 1, 1991, see section 7002(g) of Pub. L. 101–508, set out as a note under section 8902 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall appoint a committee composed of five members, who serve without pay, to advise the Office regarding matters of concern to employees under this chapter. Each member of the committee shall be an employee enrolled under this chapter or an elected official of an employee organization.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(1), (4), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1225.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3012. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §13, 73 Stat. 716. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–454 substituted "Director of the Office of Personnel Management" for "Chairman of the Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided by law. See section 1013 of this title.

The district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of a civil action or claim against the United States founded on this chapter.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 97–164, title I, §160(a)(3), Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 48; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(1), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

5 U.S.C. 3014. | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §15, 73 Stat. 716. |


Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–572 substituted "United States Court of Federal Claims" for "United States Claims Court".

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–164 substituted "United States Claims Court" for "Court of Claims".

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section 911 of Pub. L. 102–572, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section 402 of Pub. L. 97–164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

(a) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations necessary to carry out this chapter.

(b) The regulations of the Office may prescribe the time at which and the manner and conditions under which an employee is eligible to enroll in an approved health benefits plan described by section 8903 or 8903a of this title. The regulations may exclude an employee on the basis of the nature and type of his employment or conditions pertaining to it, such as short-term appointment, seasonal or intermittent employment, and employment of like nature. The Office may not exclude—

(1) an employee or group of employees solely on the basis of the hazardous nature of employment;

(2) a teacher in the employ of the Board of Education of the District of Columbia, whose pay is fixed by section 1501 of title 31, District of Columbia Code, on the basis of the fact that the teacher is serving under a temporary appointment if the teacher has been so employed by the Board for a period or periods totaling not less than two school years;

(3) an employee who is occupying a position on a part-time career employment basis (as defined in section 3401(2) of this title); or

(4) an employee who is employed on a temporary basis and is eligible under section 8906a(a).

(c) The regulations of the Office shall provide for the beginning and ending dates of coverage of employees, annuitants, members of their families, and former spouses under health benefits plans. The regulations may permit the coverage to continue, exclusive of the temporary extension of coverage described by section 8902(g) of this title, until the end of the pay period in which an employee is separated from the service, or until the end of the month in which an annuitant or former spouse ceases to be entitled to annuity, and in case of the death of an employee or annuitant, may permit a temporary extension of the coverage of members of his family for not to exceed 90 days.

(d) The Secretary of Agriculture shall prescribe regulations to effect the application and operation of this chapter to an individual named by section 8901(1)(H) of this title.

(Pub. L. 89–554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 607; Pub. L. 95–437, §4(c)(1), Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 95–454, title IX, §906(a)(2), (3), (c)(2)(F), (H), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224, 1227; Pub. L. 98–615, §3(7), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3204; Pub. L. 99–53, §2(a), June 17, 1985, 99 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 100–654, title III, §301(c), Nov. 14, 1988, 102 Stat. 3846.)

Derivation | U.S. Code | Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large |
---|---|---|

(a) | 5 U.S.C. 3009(a). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §10(a), 73 Stat. 715. |

(b) | 5 U.S.C. 3002(a) (words between 1st and 4th commas of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence), (f) (words between 1st and 2d commas of 1st sentence). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §3(a) (words between 1st and 4th commas of 1st sentence, and 2d sentence), 73 Stat. 710. July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(d) "(f) (words between 1st and 2d commas of 1st sentence)", 74 Stat. 303. |

Oct. 6, 1964, Pub. L. 88–631, §1, 78 Stat. 1007. | ||

(c) | 5 U.S.C. 3009(b). | Sept. 28, 1959, Pub. L. 86–382, §10(b), 73 Stat. 715. |

(d) | 5 U.S.C. 3002(f) (2d sentence). | July 1, 1960, Pub. L. 86–568, §115(d) "(f) (2d sentence)", 74 Stat. 303. |


In subsection (b)(2), the words "section 1501 of title 31, District of Columbia Code" are substituted for "section 1 of the District of Columbia Teachers' Salary Act of 1955 (69 Stat. 521), as amended (sec. 31–1501, D.C. Code, 1961 edition)".

Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report.

**1988**—Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–654 added par. (4).

**1985**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–53 inserted reference to section 8903a of this title.

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–615, §3(7), substituted "employees, annuitants, members of their families, and former spouses" for "employees and annuitants and members of their families", and "in which an annuitant or former spouse" for "in which an annuitant".

**1978**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(2), (3), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission" and "Office" for "Commission" wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(c)(2)(F), (H), substituted "3401" for "3391".

Pub. L. 95–437 added par. (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–454, §906(a)(3), substituted "Office" for "Commission".

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–654 effective 120 days after Nov. 14, 1988, see section 301(d) of Pub. L. 100–654, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8906a of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–615 effective May 7, 1985, with enumerated exceptions, and applicable to any individual who is married to an employee or annuitant on or after that date, see section 4(a)(2) of Pub. L. 98–615, as amended, set out as a note under section 8341 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95–454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title.

Any provision of law outside of this chapter which provides coverage or any other benefit under this chapter to any individuals who (based on their being employed by an entity other than the Government) would not otherwise be eligible for any such coverage or benefit shall not apply with respect to any individual appointed, transferred, or otherwise commencing that type of employment on or after October 1, 1988.

(Added Pub. L. 100–238, title I, §108(a)(3)(A), Jan. 8, 1988, 101 Stat. 1747.)


In this chapter:

(1) The term "employee" means an employee defined under section 8901(1) and an employee of the District of Columbia courts.

(2) The terms "annuitant", "member of family", and "dependent" have the meanings as such terms are defined under paragraphs (3), (5), and (9), respectively, of section 8901.

(3) The term "eligible individual" refers to an individual described in paragraph (1), (2), or (8), without regard to whether the individual is enrolled in a health benefits plan under chapter 89.

(4) The term "Office" means the Office of Personnel Management.

(5) The term "qualified company" means a company (or consortium of companies or an employee organization defined under section 8901(8)) that offers indemnity, preferred provider organization, health maintenance organization, or discount dental programs and if required is licensed to issue applicable coverage in any number of States, taking any subsidiaries of such a company into account (and, in the case of a consortium, considering the member companies and any subsidiaries thereof, collectively).

(6) The term "employee organization" means an association or other organization of employees which is national in scope, or in which membership is open to all employees of a Government agency who are eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89.

(7) The term "State" includes the District of Columbia.

(8) The term "covered TRICARE-eligible individual" means an individual entitled to dental care under chapter 55 of title 10, pursuant to section 1076c of such title, who the Secretary of Defense determines should be an eligible individual for purposes of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4001; amended Pub. L. 109–356, title I, §117(a)(1), Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §715(a)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2221; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VII, §713(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1811; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VII, §711(a), (c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3691.)

**2021**—Par. (8). Pub. L. 116–283, §711(c), repealed Pub. L. 115–232, §713(a). See 2018 Amendment note below.

Pub. L. 116–283, §711(a), struck out "1076a or" before "1076c".

**2018**—Par. (8). Pub. L. 115–232, §713(a), which substituted "1076a or 1076c" for "1076c", was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, §711(c).

**2016**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–328, §715(a)(1)(A), substituted "paragraph (1), (2), or (8)" for "paragraph (1) or (2)".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–328, §715(a)(1)(B), added par. (8).

**2006**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–356, which directed insertion of "and an employee of the District of Columbia courts" at end of par. (1), was executed by making the insertion before the period to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title VII, §713(c), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 1812, which provided that the amendments made by this section (amending this section and section 1076a of Title 10, Armed Forces) applied with respect to the first contract year for chapter 89A of title 5, United States Code, that began on or after January 1, 2022, was repealed by Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title VII, §711(c), Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3691.

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §715(c), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2223, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section, sections 8958, 8981, and 8988 of this title and section 1076c of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall apply with respect to the first contract year for chapter 89A or 89B of title 5, United States Code, as applicable, that begins on or after January 1, 2018."

Pub. L. 108–496, §7, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4011, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [enacting this chapter and chapter 89B of this title, amending section 1005 of Title 39, Postal Service, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 101 of this title] shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2004] and shall apply to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006."

(a) The Office shall establish and administer a program through which an eligible individual may obtain dental coverage to supplement coverage available through chapter 89.

(b) The Office shall determine, in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, the financial requirements for qualified companies to participate in the program.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the availability of dental benefits provided by health benefits plans under chapter 89.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4002.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a)(1) The Office shall contract with a reasonable number of qualified companies for a policy or policies of benefits described under section 8954 without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 or any other statute requiring competitive bidding. An employee organization may contract with a qualified company for the purpose of participating with that qualified company in any contract between the Office and that qualified company.

(2) The Office shall ensure that each resulting contract is awarded on the basis of contractor qualifications, price, and reasonable competition.

(b) Each contract under this section shall contain—

(1) the requirements under section 8902(d), (f), and (i) made applicable to contracts under this section by regulations prescribed by the Office;

(2) the terms of the enrollment period; and

(3) such other terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed to by the Office and the qualified company involved, consistent with the requirements of this chapter and regulations prescribed by the Office.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall, in the case of an individual electing dental supplemental benefit coverage under this chapter after the expiration of such individual's first opportunity to enroll, preclude the application of waiting periods more stringent than those that would have applied if that opportunity had not yet expired.

(d)(1) Each contract under this chapter shall require the qualified company to agree—

(A) to provide payments or benefits to an eligible individual if such individual is entitled thereto under the terms of the contract; and

(B) with respect to disputes regarding claims for payments or benefits under the terms of the contract—

(i) to establish internal procedures designed to expeditiously resolve such disputes; and

(ii) to establish, for disputes not resolved through procedures under clause (i), procedures for 1 or more alternative means of dispute resolution involving independent third-party review under appropriate circumstances by entities mutually acceptable to the Office and the qualified company.

(2) A determination by a qualified company as to whether or not a particular individual is eligible to obtain coverage under this chapter shall be subject to review only to the extent and in the manner provided in the applicable contract.

(3) For purposes of applying the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 1 to disputes arising under this chapter between a qualified company and the Office—

(A) the agency board having jurisdiction to decide an appeal relative to such a dispute shall be such board of contract appeals as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall specify in writing (after appropriate arrangements, as described in section 8(c) 1 of such Act); and

(B) the district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of any action described in section 10(a)(1) 1 of such Act relative to such a dispute.

(e) Nothing in this section shall be considered to grant authority for the Office or third-party reviewer to change the terms of any contract under this chapter.

(f) Contracts under this chapter shall be for a uniform term of 7 years and may not be renewed automatically.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4002; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(16), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842.)

The Contract Disputes Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is Pub. L. 95–563, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2383, which was classified principally to chapter 9 (§601 et seq.) of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was substantially repealed and restated as chapter 71 (§7101 et seq.) of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855. Sections 8(c) and 10(a)(1) of the Act, which were classified to sections 607(c) and 609(a)(1), respectively, of former Title 41, were repealed and restated as section 7105(d), (e)(1)(C) and section 7104(b)(1), respectively, of Title 41. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41.

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Office may prescribe reasonable minimum standards for enhanced dental benefits plans offered under this chapter and for qualified companies offering the plans.

(b) Each contract may include more than 1 level of benefits that shall be made available to all eligible individuals.

(c) The benefits to be provided under enhanced dental benefits plans under this chapter may be of the following types:

(1) Diagnostic.

(2) Preventive.

(3) Emergency care.

(4) Restorative.

(5) Oral and maxillofacial surgery.

(6) Endodontics.

(7) Periodontics.

(8) Prosthodontics.

(9) Orthodontics.

(d) A contract approved under this chapter shall require the qualified company to cover the geographic service delivery area specified by the Office. The Office shall require qualified companies to include dentally underserved areas in their service delivery areas.

(e) If an individual has dental coverage under a health benefits plan under chapter 89 and also has coverage under a plan under this chapter, the health benefits plan under chapter 89 shall be the first payor of any benefit payments.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4003.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) The qualified companies 1 at the direction and with the approval of the Office, shall make available to each individual eligible to enroll in a dental benefits plan information on services and benefits (including maximums, limitations, and exclusions), that the Office considers necessary to enable the individual to make an informed decision about electing coverage.

(b) The Office shall make available to each individual eligible to enroll in a dental benefits plan, information on services and benefits provided by qualified companies participating under chapter 89.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4004.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a) An eligible individual may enroll in a dental benefits plan for self-only, self plus one, or for self and family. If an eligible individual has a spouse who is also eligible to enroll, either spouse, but not both, may enroll for self plus one or self and family. An individual may not be enrolled both as an employee, annuitant, or other individual eligible to enroll and as a member of the family.

(b) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which—

(1) an eligible individual may enroll in a dental benefits plan; and

(2) an enrolled individual may change the self-only, self plus one, or self and family coverage of that individual.

(c)(1) Regulations under subsection (b) shall permit an eligible individual to cancel or transfer the enrollment of that individual to another dental benefits plan—

(A) before the start of any contract term in which there is a change in rates charged or benefits provided, in which a new plan is offered, or in which an existing plan is terminated; or

(B) during other times and under other circumstances specified by the Office.

(2) A transfer under paragraph (1) shall be subject to waiting periods provided under a new plan.

(d) Coverage under a dental benefits plan under this chapter for any employee or a covered TRICARE-eligible individual enrolled in such a plan and who, as a result of a lapse in appropriations, is furloughed or excepted from furlough and working without pay shall continue during such lapse and may not be cancelled as a result of nonpayment of premiums or other periodic charges due to such lapse.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4004; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1111(a)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1600.)

**2019**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (d)

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1111(c), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1601, provided that: "The amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and sections 8986 and 9003 of this title] shall apply to any contract for supplemental dental, supplemental vision, or long-term care insurance under chapter 89A, 89B, or 90 (respectively) of title 5, United States Code, entered into before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 20, 2019]."

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1111(b), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1601, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

A surviving spouse, disability annuitant, or surviving child whose annuity is terminated and is later restored, may continue enrollment in a dental benefits plan subject to the terms and conditions prescribed in regulations issued by the Office.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4004.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) Each eligible individual obtaining supplemental dental coverage under this chapter shall be responsible for 100 percent of the premiums for such coverage.

(b) The Office shall prescribe regulations specifying the terms and conditions under which individuals are required to pay the premiums for enrollment.

(c) The amount necessary to pay the premiums for enrollment may—

(1) in the case of an employee, be withheld from the pay of such an employee;

(2) in the case of an annuitant, be withheld from the annuity of such an annuitant;

(3) in the case of a covered TRICARE-eligible individual who receives pay from the Federal Government or an annuity from the Federal Government due to the death of a member of the uniformed services (as defined in section 101 of title 10), and is not a former spouse of a member of the uniformed services, be withheld from—

(A) the pay (including retired pay) of such individual; or

(B) the annuity paid to such individual; or

(4) in the case of a covered TRICARE-eligible individual who is not described in paragraph (3), be billed to such individual directly.

(d) All amounts withheld under this section shall be paid directly to the qualified company.

(e) Each participating qualified company shall maintain accounting records that contain such information and reports as the Office may require.

(f)(1) The Employee Health Benefits Fund is available, without fiscal year limitation, for reasonable expenses incurred by the Office in administering this chapter before the first day of the first contract period, including reasonable implementation costs.

(2)(A) There is established in the Employees Health Benefits Fund a Dental Benefits Administrative Account, which shall be available to the Office, without fiscal year limitation, to defray reasonable expenses incurred by the Office in administering this chapter after the start of the first contract year.

(B) A contract under this chapter shall include appropriate provisions under which the qualified company involved shall, during each year, make such periodic contributions to the Dental Benefits Administrative Account as necessary to ensure that the reasonable anticipated expenses of the Office in administering this chapter during such year are defrayed.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4004; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §715(b)(1), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2222.)

**2016**—Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 114–328 added pars. (3) and (4).

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–328 applicable with respect to the first contract year for chapter 89A or 89B of this title, as applicable, that begins on or after Jan. 1, 2018, see section 715(c) of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

The terms of any contract that relate to the nature, provision, or extent of coverage or benefits (including payments with respect to benefits) shall supersede and preempt any State or local law, or any regulation issued thereunder, which relates to dental benefits, insurance, plans, or contracts.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4005.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) Each contract shall contain provisions requiring the qualified company to—

(1) furnish such reasonable reports as the Office determines to be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions under this chapter; and

(2) permit the Office and representatives of the Government Accountability Office to examine such records of the qualified company as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Each Federal agency shall keep such records, make such certifications, and furnish the Office, the qualified company, or both, with such information and reports as the Office may require.

(c) The Office shall conduct periodic reviews of plans under this chapter, including a comparison of the dental benefits available under chapter 89, to ensure the competitiveness of plans under this chapter. The Office shall cooperate with the Government Accountability Office to provide periodic evaluations of the program.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4005.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

The district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of a civil action or claim against the United States under this chapter after such administrative remedies as required under section 8953(d) have been exhausted, but only to the extent judicial review is not precluded by any dispute resolution or other remedy under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4005.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this chapter. The regulations may exclude an employee on the basis of the nature and type of employment or conditions pertaining to it.

(b) The Office shall, as appropriate, provide for coordinated enrollment, promotion, and education efforts as appropriate in consultation with each qualified company. The information under this subsection shall include information relating to the dental benefits available under chapter 89, including the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining additional coverage under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §2, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4006.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.


In this chapter:

(1) The term "employee" means an employee defined under section 8901(1) and an employee of the District of Columbia courts.

(2) The terms "annuitant", "member of family", and "dependent" have the meanings as such terms are defined under paragraphs (3), (5), and (9), respectively, of section 8901.

(3) The term "eligible individual" refers to an individual described in paragraph (1), (2), or (8), without regard to whether the individual is enrolled in a health benefits plan under chapter 89.

(4) The term "Office" means the Office of Personnel Management.

(5) The term "qualified company" means a company (or consortium of companies or an employee organization defined under section 8901(8)) that offers indemnity, preferred provider organization, health maintenance organization, or discount vision programs and if required is licensed to issue applicable coverage in any number of States, taking any subsidiaries of such a company into account (and, in the case of a consortium, considering the member companies and any subsidiaries thereof, collectively).

(6) The term "employee organization" means an association or other organization of employees which is national in scope, or in which membership is open to all employees of a Government agency who are eligible to enroll in a health benefits plan under chapter 89.

(7) The term "State" includes the District of Columbia.

(8)(A) The term "covered TRICARE-eligible individual"—

(i) means an individual entitled to medical care under chapter 55 of title 10, pursuant to section 1076d, 1076e, 1079(a), 1086(c), or 1086(d) of such title, who the Secretary of Defense determines in accordance with an agreement entered into under subparagraph (B) should be an eligible individual for purposes of this chapter; and

(ii) does not include an individual covered under section 1110b of title 10.

(B) The Secretary of Defense shall enter into an agreement with the Director of the Office relating to classes of individuals described in subparagraph (A)(i) who should be eligible individuals for purposes of this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4006; amended Pub. L. 109–356, title I, §117(a)(2), Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2027; Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §715(a)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2221.)

**2016**—Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–328, §715(a)(2)(A), substituted "paragraph (1), (2), or (8)" for "paragraph (1) or (2)".

Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–328, §715(a)(2)(B), added par. (8).

**2006**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 109–356, which directed insertion of "and an employee of the District of Columbia courts" at end of par. (1), was executed by making the insertion before the period, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–328 applicable with respect to the first contract year for chapter 89A or 89B of this title, as applicable, that begins on or after Jan. 1, 2018, see section 715(c) of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) The Office shall establish and administer a program through which an eligible individual may obtain vision coverage to supplement coverage available through chapter 89.

(b) The Office shall determine, in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, the financial requirements for qualified companies to participate in the program.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit the availability of vision benefits provided by health benefits plans under chapter 89.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4007.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a)(1) The Office shall contract with a reasonable number of qualified companies for a policy or policies of benefits described under section 8984 without regard to section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 or any other statute requiring competitive bidding. An employee organization may contract with a qualified company for the purpose of participating with that qualified company in any contract between the Office and that qualified company.

(2) The Office shall ensure that each resulting contract is awarded on the basis of contractor qualifications, price, and reasonable competition.

(b) Each contract under this section shall contain—

(1) the requirements under section 8902(d), (f), and (i) made applicable to contracts under this section by regulations prescribed by the Office;

(2) the terms of the enrollment period; and

(3) such other terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed to by the Office and the qualified company involved, consistent with the requirements of this chapter and regulations prescribed by the Office.

(c) Nothing in this chapter shall, in the case of an individual electing vision supplemental benefit coverage under this chapter after the expiration of such individual's first opportunity to enroll, preclude the application of waiting periods more stringent than those that would have applied if that opportunity had not yet expired.

(d)(1) Each contract under this chapter shall require the qualified company to agree—

(A) to provide payments or benefits to an eligible individual if such individual is entitled thereto under the terms of the contract; and

(B) with respect to disputes regarding claims for payments or benefits under the terms of the contract—

(i) to establish internal procedures designed to expeditiously resolve such disputes; and

(ii) to establish, for disputes not resolved through procedures under clause (i), procedures for 1 or more alternative means of dispute resolution involving independent third-party review under appropriate circumstances by entities mutually acceptable to the Office and the qualified company.

(2) A determination by a qualified company as to whether or not a particular individual is eligible to obtain coverage under this chapter shall be subject to review only to the extent and in the manner provided in the applicable contract.

(3) For purposes of applying the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 1 to disputes arising under this chapter between a qualified company and the Office—

(A) the agency board having jurisdiction to decide an appeal relative to such a dispute shall be such board of contract appeals as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall specify in writing (after appropriate arrangements, as described in section 8(c) 1 of such Act); and

(B) the district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of any action described in section 10(a)(1) 1 of such Act relative to such a dispute.

(e) Nothing in this section shall be considered to grant authority for the Office or third-party reviewer to change the terms of any contract under this chapter.

(f) Contracts under this chapter shall be for a uniform term of 7 years and may not be renewed automatically.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4007; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(17), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842.)

The Contract Disputes Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (d)(3), is Pub. L. 95–563, Nov. 1, 1978, 92 Stat. 2383, which was classified principally to chapter 9 (§601 et seq.) of former Title 41, Public Contracts, and was substantially repealed and restated as chapter 71 (§7101 et seq.) of Title 41, Public Contracts, by Pub. L. 111–350, §§3, 7(b), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3677, 3855. Sections 8(c) and 10(a)(1) of the Act, which were classified to sections 607(c) and 609(a)(1), respectively, of former Title 41, were repealed and restated as section 7105(d), (e)(1)(C) and section 7104(b)(1), respectively, of Title 41. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 41, see Disposition Table preceding section 101 of Title 41.

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a) The Office may prescribe reasonable minimum standards for enhanced vision benefits plans offered under this chapter and for qualified companies offering the plans.

(b) Each contract may include more than 1 level of benefits that shall be made available to all eligible individuals.

(c) The benefits to be provided under enhanced vision benefits plans under this chapter may be of the following types:

(1) Diagnostic (to include refractive services).

(2) Preventive.

(3) Eyewear.

(d) A contract approved under this chapter shall require the qualified company to cover the geographic service delivery area specified by the Office. The Office shall require qualified companies to include visually underserved areas in their service delivery areas.

(e) If an individual has vision coverage under a health benefits plan under chapter 89 and also has coverage under a plan under this chapter, the health benefits plan under chapter 89 shall be the first payor of any benefit payments.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4008.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) The qualified companies at the direction and with the approval of the Office, shall make available to each individual eligible to enroll in a vision benefits plan information on services and benefits (including maximums, limitations, and exclusions), that the Office considers necessary to enable the individual to make an informed decision about electing coverage.

(b) The Office shall make available to each individual eligible to enroll in a vision benefits plan, information on services and benefits provided by qualified companies participating under chapter 89.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4008.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) An eligible individual may enroll in a vision benefits plan for self-only, self plus one, or for self and family. If an eligible individual has a spouse who is also eligible to enroll, either spouse, but not both, may enroll for self plus one or self and family. An individual may not be enrolled both as an employee, annuitant, or other individual eligible to enroll and as a member of the family.

(b) The Office shall prescribe regulations under which—

(1) an eligible individual may enroll in a vision benefits plan; and

(2) an enrolled individual may change the self-only, self plus one, or self and family coverage of that individual.

(c)(1) Regulations under subsection (b) shall permit an eligible individual to cancel or transfer the enrollment of that individual to another vision benefits plan—

(A) before the start of any contract term in which there is a change in rates charged or benefits provided, in which a new plan is offered, or in which an existing plan is terminated; or

(B) during other times and under other circumstances specified by the Office.

(2) A transfer under paragraph (1) shall be subject to waiting periods provided under a new plan.

(d) Coverage under a vision benefits plan under this chapter for any employee or a covered TRICARE-eligible individual enrolled in such a plan and who, as a result of a lapse in appropriations, is furloughed or excepted from furlough and working without pay shall continue during such lapse and may not be cancelled as a result of nonpayment of premiums or other periodic charges due to such lapse.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4008; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1111(a)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1601.)

**2019**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (d).

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–92 applicable to any contract for supplemental vision insurance under this chapter entered into before, on, or after Dec. 20, 2019, see section 1111(c) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 8956 of this title.

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

A surviving spouse, disability annuitant, or surviving child whose annuity is terminated and is later restored, may continue enrollment in a vision benefits plan subject to the terms and conditions prescribed in regulations issued by the Office.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4009.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) Each eligible individual obtaining supplemental vision coverage under this chapter shall be responsible for 100 percent of the premiums for such coverage.

(b) The Office shall prescribe regulations specifying the terms and conditions under which individuals are required to pay the premiums for enrollment.

(c) The amount necessary to pay the premiums for enrollment may—

(1) in the case of an employee, be withheld from the pay of such an employee;

(2) in the case of an annuitant, be withheld from the annuity of such an annuitant;

(3) in the case of a covered TRICARE-eligible individual who receives pay from the Federal Government or an annuity from the Federal Government due to the death of a member of the uniformed services (as defined in section 101 of title 10), and is not a former spouse of a member of the uniformed services, be withheld from—

(A) the pay (including retired pay) of such individual; or

(B) the annuity paid to such individual; or

(4) in the case of a covered TRICARE-eligible individual who is not described in paragraph (3), be billed to such individual directly.

(d) All amounts withheld under this section shall be paid directly to the qualified company.

(e) Each participating qualified company shall maintain accounting records that contain such information and reports as the Office may require.

(f)(1) The Employee Health Benefits Fund is available, without fiscal year limitation, for reasonable expenses incurred by the Office in administering this chapter before the first day of the first contract period, including reasonable implementation costs.

(2)(A) There is established in the Employees Health Benefits Fund a Vision Benefits Administrative Account, which shall be available to the Office, without fiscal year limitation, to defray reasonable expenses incurred by the Office in administering this chapter after the start of the first contract year.

(B) A contract under this chapter shall include appropriate provisions under which the qualified company involved shall, during each year, make such periodic contributions to the Vision Benefits Administrative Account as necessary to ensure that the reasonable anticipated expenses of the Office in administering this chapter during such year are defrayed.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4009; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title VII, §715(b)(2), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2222.)

**2016**—Subsec. (c)(3), (4). Pub. L. 114–328 added pars. (3) and (4).

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–328 applicable with respect to the first contract year for chapter 89A or 89B of this title, as applicable, that begins on or after Jan. 1, 2018, see section 715(c) of Pub. L. 114–328, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

The terms of any contract that relate to the nature, provision, or extent of coverage or benefits (including payments with respect to benefits) shall supersede and preempt any State or local law, or any regulation issued thereunder, which relates to vision benefits, insurance, plans, or contracts.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4010.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) Each contract shall contain provisions requiring the qualified company to—

(1) furnish such reasonable reports as the Office determines to be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions under this chapter; and

(2) permit the Office and representatives of the Government Accountability Office to examine such records of the qualified company as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b) Each Federal agency shall keep such records, make such certifications, and furnish the Office, the qualified company, or both, with such information and reports as the Office may require.

(c) The Office shall conduct periodic reviews of plans under this chapter, including a comparison of the vision benefits available under chapter 89, to ensure the competitiveness of plans under this chapter. The Office shall cooperate with the Government Accountability Office to provide periodic evaluations of the program.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4010.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

The district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of a civil action or claim against the United States under this chapter after such administrative remedies as required under section 8983(d) have been exhausted, but only to the extent judicial review is not precluded by any dispute resolution or other remedy under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4010.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.

(a) The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out this chapter. The regulations may exclude an employee on the basis of the nature and type of employment or conditions pertaining to it.

(b) The Office shall, as appropriate, provide for coordinated enrollment, promotion, and education efforts as appropriate in consultation with each qualified company. The information under this subsection shall include information relating to the vision benefits available under chapter 89, including the advantages and disadvantages of obtaining additional coverage under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–496, §3, Dec. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4010.)

Section effective Dec. 23, 2004, and applicable to contracts that take effect with respect to the calendar year 2006, see section 7 of Pub. L. 108–496, set out as a note under section 8951 of this title.


For purposes of this chapter:

(1)

(A) an employee as defined by section 8901(1);

(B) an individual described in section 2105(e);

(C) an individual employed by the Tennessee Valley Authority;

(D) an employee of a nonappropriated fund instrumentality of the Department of Defense described in section 2105(c); and

(E) an employee of the District of Columbia courts.

(2)

(A) any individual who would satisfy the requirements of paragraph (3) of section 8901 if, for purposes of such paragraph, the term "employee" were considered to have the meaning given to it under paragraph (1);

(B) any individual who—

(i) satisfies all requirements for title to an annuity under subchapter III of chapter 83, chapter 84, or any other retirement system for employees of the Government (whether based on the service of such individual or otherwise), and files application therefor;

(ii) is at least 18 years of age; and

(iii) would not (but for this subparagraph) otherwise satisfy the requirements of this paragraph; and

(C) any former employee who, on the basis of his or her service, would meet all requirements for being considered an "annuitant" within the meaning of subchapter III of chapter 83, chapter 84, or any other retirement system for employees of the Government, but for the fact that such former employee has not attained the minimum age for title to annuity.

(3)

(A) on active duty or full-time National Guard duty for a period of more than 30 days; or

(B) a member of the Selected Reserve.

(4)

(5)

(A) The spouse of an individual described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4).

(B) A parent, stepparent, or parent-in-law of an individual described in paragraph (1) or (3).

(C) A child (including an adopted child, a stepchild, or, to the extent the Office of Personnel Management by regulation provides, a foster child) of an individual described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4), if such child is at least 18 years of age.

(D) An individual having such other relationship to an individual described in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) as the Office may by regulation prescribe.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(A) except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the Secretary of Defense;

(B) with respect to the Coast Guard when it is not operating as a service of the Navy, the Secretary of Homeland Security;

(C) with respect to the commissioned corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Secretary of Commerce; and

(D) with respect to the commissioned corps of the Public Health Service, the Secretary of Health and Human Services.

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 762; amended Pub. L. 107–104, §1, Dec. 27, 2001, 115 Stat. 1001; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1048(i)(6), Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1229; Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XI, §1101(a), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2660; Pub. L. 108–7, div. C, title III, §138(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 129; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title V, §561, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1482; Pub. L. 109–241, title IX, §902(a)(3), July 11, 2006, 120 Stat. 566; Pub. L. 109–356, title I, §117(a)(3), Oct. 16, 2006, 120 Stat. 2027.)

Section 7702B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in par. (9), is classified to section 7702B of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2006**—Par. (1)(E). Pub. L. 109–356 added subpar. (E).

Par. (10)(B). Pub. L. 109–241 substituted "Secretary of Homeland Security" for "Secretary of Transportation".

**2003**—Par. (1). Pub. L. 108–136, §561(a), substituted a period for a comma at end of subpar. (D) and struck out concluding provisions which read: "but does not include an individual employed by the government of the District of Columbia (other than an employee of the District of Columbia Courts)."

Pub. L. 108–7 inserted "(other than an employee of the District of Columbia Courts)" before period at end of concluding provisions.

Par. (2)(A). Pub. L. 108–136, §561(d), struck out "of this subsection" after "paragraph (1)".

Par. (2)(C). Pub. L. 108–136, §561(b), added subpar. (C).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–136, §561(c), substituted "and a member who has been transferred to the Retired Reserve and who would be entitled to retired pay under chapter 1223 of title 10 but for not having" for "including a member or former member retired under chapter 1223 of title 10 who has".

**2002**—Par. (1)(D). Pub. L. 107–314 added subpar. (D).

**2001**—Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–104 amended heading and text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "The term 'annuitant' has the meaning such term would have under paragraph (3) of section 8901 if, for purposes of such paragraph, the term 'employee' were considered to have the meaning given to it under paragraph (1) of this subsection."

Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted "or" for "and" after semicolon.

Pub. L. 107–104, §3, Dec. 27, 2001, 115 Stat. 1002, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 9005 of this title] shall take effect as if included in the enactment of section 1002 of the Long-Term Care Security Act (Public Law 106–265; 114 Stat. 762)."

Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1003, Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 770, provided that: "The Office of Personnel Management shall take such measures as may be necessary to ensure that long-term care insurance coverage under title 5, United States Code, as amended by this title [enacting this chapter], may be obtained in time to take effect not later than the first day of the first applicable pay period of the first fiscal year which begins after the end of the 18-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Sept. 19, 2000]."

Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1001, Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 762, provided that: "This title [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the 'Long-Term Care Security Act'."

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1) the only coverage provided is under qualified long-term care insurance contracts; and

(2) each insurance contract under which any such coverage is provided is issued by a qualified carrier.

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 764; amended Pub. L. 107–314, div. A, title XI, §1101(b), Dec. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 2660.)

Section 7702B(g)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (f), is classified to section 7702B(g)(2) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**2002**—Subsecs. (b) to (f). Pub. L. 107–314 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) to (e) as (c) to (f), respectively.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) a detailed statement of the benefits offered (including any maximums, limitations, exclusions, and other definitions of benefits);

(B) the premiums charged (including any limitations or other conditions on their subsequent adjustment);

(C) the terms of the enrollment period; and

(D) such other terms and conditions as may be mutually agreed to by the Office and the carrier involved, consistent with the requirements of this chapter.

(2)

(3)

(c)

(1)

(A) to provide payments or benefits to an eligible individual if such individual is entitled thereto under the terms of the contract; and

(B) with respect to disputes regarding claims for payments or benefits under the terms of the contract—

(i) to establish internal procedures designed to expeditiously resolve such disputes; and

(ii) to establish, for disputes not resolved through procedures under clause (i), procedures for one or more alternative means of dispute resolution involving independent third-party review under appropriate circumstances by entities mutually acceptable to the Office and the carrier.

(2)

(3)

(A) the agency board having jurisdiction to decide an appeal relative to such a dispute shall be such board of contract appeals as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall specify in writing; and

(B) the district courts of the United States shall have original jurisdiction, concurrent with the United States Court of Federal Claims, of any action described in section 7104(b)(1) of title 41 relative to such a dispute.

(4)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(4)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 764; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(18), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842; Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1111(a)(3), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1601.)

**2019**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–92 added subsec. (e).

**2011**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(18)(A), substituted "section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41" for "section 5 of title 41".

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(18)(B), substituted "chapter 71 of title 41" for "the Contract Disputes Act of 1978" in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(18)(C), struck out "(after appropriate arrangements, as described in section 8(c) of such Act)" after "specify in writing".

Subsec. (c)(3)(B). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(18)(D), substituted "section 7104(b)(1) of title 41" for "section 10(a)(1) of such Act".

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Amendment by Pub. L. 116–92 applicable to any contract for long-term care insurance under this chapter entered into before, on, or after Dec. 20, 2019, see section 1111(c) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 8956 of this title.

For provisions requiring promulgation of regulations related to payment of unpaid premiums during furlough resulting from a lapse in appropriations, including provision for direct payment to carrier for certain individuals, see section 1111(b) of Pub. L. 116–92, set out as a note under section 8956 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) in the case of an employee, be withheld from the pay of such employee;

(B) in the case of an annuitant, be withheld from the annuity of such annuitant;

(C) in the case of a member of the uniformed services described in section 9001(3), be withheld from the pay of such member; and

(D) in the case of a retired member of the uniformed services described in section 9001(4), be withheld from the retired pay or retainer pay payable to such member.

(2)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 766.)

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 768; amended Pub. L. 107–104, §2, Dec. 27, 2001, 115 Stat. 1001.)

**2001**—Pub. L. 107–104 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–104 effective as if included in the enactment of section 1002 of Pub. L. 106–265, see section 3 of Pub. L. 107–104, set out as a note under section 9001 of this title.

(a)

(1) to furnish such reasonable reports as the Office of Personnel Management determines to be necessary to enable it to carry out its functions under this chapter; and

(2) to permit the Office and representatives of the Government Accountability Office to examine such records of the carrier as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter.

(b)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 768; amended Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.)

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office".

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in heading and two places in text.

The district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction of a civil action or claim described in paragraph (1) or (2) of section 9003(c), after such administrative remedies as required under such paragraph (1) or (2) (as applicable) have been exhausted, but only to the extent judicial review is not precluded by any dispute resolution or other remedy under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 768.)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1) The principal long-term care benefits and coverage available under this chapter, and how those benefits and coverage compare to the range of long-term care benefits and coverage otherwise generally available.

(2) Representative examples of the cost of long-term care, and the sufficiency of the benefits available under this chapter relative to those costs. The information under this paragraph shall also include—

(A) the projected effect of inflation on the value of those benefits; and

(B) a comparison of the inflation-adjusted value of those benefits to the projected future costs of long-term care.

(3) Any rights individuals under this chapter may have to cancel coverage, and to receive a total or partial refund of premiums. The information under this paragraph shall also include—

(A) the projected number or percentage of individuals likely to fail to maintain their coverage (determined based on lapse rates experienced under similar group long-term care insurance programs and, when available, this chapter); and

(B)(i) a summary description of how and when premiums for long-term care insurance under this chapter may be raised;

(ii) the premium history during the last 10 years for each qualified carrier offering long-term care insurance under this chapter; and

(iii) if cost increases are anticipated, the projected premiums for a typical insured individual at various ages.

(4) The advantages and disadvantages of long-term care insurance generally, relative to other means of accumulating or otherwise acquiring the assets that may be needed to meet the costs of long-term care, such as through tax-qualified retirement programs or other investment vehicles.

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 768.)

The cost accounting standards issued pursuant to section 1502(a) and (b) of title 41 shall not apply with respect to a long-term care insurance contract under this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 106–265, title I, §1002(a), Sept. 19, 2000, 114 Stat. 769; amended Pub. L. 111–350, §5(a)(19), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3842.)

**2011**—Pub. L. 111–350 substituted "section 1502(a) and (b) of title 41" for "section 26(f) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 422(f))".


**2000**—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(f)(1)(A), (2)(B)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–282, substituted "AND OTHER PURPOSES" for "PURPOSES" in chapter heading and "Access to criminal history records for national security and other purposes" for "Criminal history record information for national security purposes" in item 9101.

(a) As used in this section:

(1) The term "criminal justice agency" means (A) any Federal, State, or local court, and (B) any Federal, State, or local agency, or any subunit thereof, which performs the administration of criminal justice pursuant to a statute or Executive order, and which allocates a substantial part of its annual budget to the administration of criminal justice.

(2) The term "criminal history record information" means information collected by criminal justice agencies on individuals consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests, indictments, informations, or other formal criminal charges, and any disposition arising therefrom, sentencing, correction supervision, and release. The term does not include identification information such as fingerprint records to the extent that such information does not indicate involvement of the individual in the criminal justice system. The term includes those records of a State or locality sealed pursuant to law if such records are accessible by State and local criminal justice agencies for the purpose of conducting background checks.

(3) The term "classified information" means information or material designated pursuant to the provisions of a statute or Executive order as requiring protection against unauthorized disclosure for reasons of national security.

(4) The term "State" means any of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and any other territory or possession of the United States.

(5) The term "local" and "locality" means any local government authority or agency or component thereof within a State having jurisdiction over matters at a county, municipal, or other local government level.

(6) The term "covered agency" means any of the following:

(A) The Department of Defense.

(B) The Department of State.

(C) The Department of Transportation.

(D) The Office of Personnel Management.

(E) The Central Intelligence Agency.

(F) The Federal Bureau of Investigation.

(G) The Department of Homeland Security.

(H) The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.

(I) An Executive agency that—

(i) is authorized to conduct background investigations under a Federal statute; or

(ii) is delegated authority to conduct background investigations in accordance with procedures established by the Security Executive Agent or the Suitability Executive Agent under subsection (b) or (c)(iv) of section 2.3 of Executive Order 13467 (73 Fed. Reg. 38103), or any successor thereto.

(J) A contractor that conducts a background investigation on behalf of an agency described in subparagraphs (A) through (I).

(7) The terms "Security Executive Agent" and "Suitability Executive Agent" mean the Security Executive Agent and the Suitability Executive Agent, respectively, established under Executive Order 13467 (73 Fed. Reg. 38103), or any successor thereto.

(b)(1) Upon request by a covered agency, criminal justice agencies shall make available all criminal history record information regarding individuals under investigation by that covered agency, in accordance with Federal Investigative Standards jointly promulgated by the Suitability Executive Agent and Security Executive Agent, for the purpose of—

(A) determining eligibility for—

(i) access to classified information;

(ii) assignment to or retention in sensitive national security duties or positions;

(iii) acceptance or retention in the armed forces; or

(iv) appointment, retention, or assignment to a position of public trust while either employed by the Government or performing a Government contract; or

(B) conducting a basic suitability or fitness assessment for Federal or contractor employees, using Federal Investigative Standards jointly promulgated by the Security Executive Agent and the Suitability Executive Agent in accordance with—

(i) Executive Order 13467 (73 Fed. Reg. 38103), or any successor thereto; and

(ii) the Office of Management and Budget Memorandum "Assignment of Functions Relating to Coverage of Contractor Employee Fitness in the Federal Investigative Standards", dated December 6, 2012;

(C) credentialing under the Homeland Security Presidential Directive 12 (dated August 27, 2004); and

(D) Federal Aviation Administration checks required under—

(i) the Federal Aviation Administration Drug Enforcement Assistance Act of 1988 (subtitle E of title VII of Public Law 100–690; 102 Stat. 4424) and the amendments made by that Act; or

(ii) section 44710 of title 49.

(2)(A) A State central criminal history record depository shall allow a covered agency to conduct both biometric and biographic searches of criminal history record information.

(B) Nothing in subparagraph (A) shall be construed to prohibit the Federal Bureau of Investigation from requiring a request for criminal history record information to be accompanied by the fingerprints of the individual who is the subject of the request.

(3) Fees, if any, charged for providing criminal history record information pursuant to this subsection shall not exceed the reasonable cost of providing such information.

(4) This subsection shall apply notwithstanding any other provision of law or regulation of any State or of any locality within a State, or any other law of the United States.

(c) A covered agency shall not obtain criminal history record information pursuant to this section unless it has received written consent from the individual under investigation for the release of such information for the purposes set forth in paragraph (b)(1).

(d) Criminal history record information received under this section shall be disclosed or used only for the purposes set forth in paragraph (b)(1) or for national security or criminal justice purposes authorized by law, and such information shall be made available to the individual who is the subject of such information upon request.

(e)(1) Automated information delivery systems shall be used to provide criminal history record information to a covered agency under subsection (b) whenever available.

(2) Fees, if any, charged for automated access through such systems may not exceed the reasonable cost of providing such access.

(3) The criminal justice agency providing the criminal history record information through such systems may not limit disclosure on the basis that the repository is accessed from outside the State.

(4) Information provided through such systems shall be the full and complete criminal history record.

(5) Criminal justice agencies shall accept and respond to requests for criminal history record information through such systems with printed or photocopied records when requested.

(6) If a criminal justice agency is able to provide the same information through more than 1 system described in paragraph (1), a covered agency may request information under subsection (b) from the criminal justice agency, and require the criminal justice agency to provide the information, using the system that is most cost-effective for the Federal Government.

(f) The authority provided under this section with respect to the Department of State may be exercised only so long as the Department of State continues to extend to its employees and applicants for employment, at a minimum, those procedural safeguards provided for as part of the security clearance process that were made available, as of May 1, 1987, pursuant to section 163.4 of volume 3 of the Foreign Affairs Manual.

(g) Upon request by a covered agency and in accordance with the applicable provisions of this section, the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Overseas Citizens Services shall make available criminal history record information collected by the Deputy Assistant Secretary with respect to an individual who is under investigation by the covered agency regarding any interaction of the individual with a law enforcement agency or intelligence agency of a foreign country.

(h) If a contractor described in subsection (a)(6)(J) uses an automated information delivery system to request criminal history record information, the contractor shall comply with any necessary security requirements for access to that system.

(i) The Suitability and Security Clearance Performance Accountability Council established under Executive Order 13467 (73 Fed. Reg. 38103), or any successor thereto, shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the Committee on Appropriations, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, an annual report that—

(1) describes efforts of the Council to integrate Federal, State, and local systems for sharing criminal history record information;

(2) analyzes the extent and effectiveness of Federal education programs regarding criminal history record information;

(3) provides an update on the implementation of best practices for sharing criminal history record information, including ongoing limitations experienced by investigators working for or on behalf of a covered agency with respect to access to State and local criminal history record information; and

(4) provides a description of limitations on the sharing of information relevant to a background investigation, other than criminal history record information, between—

(A) investigators working for or on behalf of a covered agency; and

(B) State and local law enforcement agencies.

(Added Pub. L. 99–169, title VIII, §801(a), Dec. 4, 1985, 99 Stat. 1009; amended Pub. L. 99–569, title IV, §402(a), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3196; Pub. L. 101–246, title I, §114, Feb. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 22; Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(a)–(e), (f)(2)(A)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–280 to 1654A–282; Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title X, §1086(f)(1)–(6)(A), (7), (8), (10), Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1008–1011.)

Executive Order 13467, referred to in subsecs. (a)(6)(I)(ii), (7), (b)(1)(B)(i), and (i), is Ex. Ord. No. 13467, June 30, 2008, 73 F.R. 38103, which is set out as a note under section 3161 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Federal Aviation Administration Drug Enforcement Assistance Act of 1988, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(D)(i), is subtitle E (§§7201 to 7214) of Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4424. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

**2015**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(6)(A), substituted "The term includes those records of a State or locality sealed pursuant to law if such records are accessible by State and local criminal justice agencies for the purpose of conducting background checks." for "The term does not include those records of a State or locality sealed pursuant to law from access by State and local criminal justice agencies of that State or locality."

Subsec. (a)(6)(G) to (J). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(2), added subpars. (G) to (J).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(1), added par. (7).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(3)(B), in introductory provisions, struck out "the head of" before "a covered agency", inserted "all" before "criminal history record information", and substituted ", in accordance with Federal Investigative Standards jointly promulgated by the Suitability Executive Agent and Security Executive Agent, for the purpose of—" for "for the purpose of determining eligibility for any of the following:".

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(3)(A), (B)(iii), (C)–(F), inserted "(A) determining eligibility for—"; redesignated former subpars. (A) to (D) as cls. (i) to (iv), respectively, of subpar. (A) and realigned margins; in cl. (i), substituted "access" for "Access" and semicolon for period at end; in cl. (ii), substituted "assignment" for "Assignment" and "or positions;" for period at end; in cl. (iii), substituted "acceptance" for "Acceptance" and "; or" for period at end; and in cl. (iv), substituted "appointment" for "Appointment" and "; or" for period at end and struck out "or a critical or sensitive position" after "public trust".

Subsec. (b)(1)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(3)(G), added subpars. (B) to (D). Former subpars. (B) to (D) redesignated cls. (ii) to (iv), respectively, of subpar. (A).

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(4), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "Such a request to a State central criminal history record repository shall be accompanied by the fingerprints of the individual who is the subject of the request if required by State law and if the repository uses the fingerprints in an automated fingerprint identification system."

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(5), added par. (6).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(7), added subsec. (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(8), added subsec. (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–92, §1086(f)(10), added subsec. (i).

**2000**—Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(f)(2)(A)], substituted "Access to criminal history records for national security and other purposes" for "Criminal history record information for national security purposes" in section catchline.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(e)(1)], substituted "means (A) any Federal, State, or local court, and (B) any Federal, State, or local agency, or any subunit thereof, which" for "includes Federal, State, and local agencies and means: (A) courts, or (B) a Government agency or any subunit thereof which".

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(e)(2)], inserted "the Commonwealth of" before "the Northern Mariana Islands" and struck out "the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands," after "American Samoa,".

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(a)(1)], added par. (6).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(c)], in first sentence of par. (1), inserted "any of the following:" after "eligibility for" and substituted subpars. (A) to (D) for "(A) access to classified information or (B) assignment to or retention in sensitive national security duties.", designated second sentence of par. (1) as par. (2), designated third sentence of par. (1) as par. (3) and substituted a period for ", nor shall they in any event exceed those charged to State or local agencies other than criminal justice agencies for such information.", and redesignated former par. (2) as (4).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(a)(2)], substituted "by the head of a covered agency" for "by the Department of Defense, the Department of State, the Office of Personnel Management, the Central Intelligence Agency, or the Federal Bureau of Investigation" and "that covered agency" for "such department, office, agency, or bureau".

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(b)], struck out par. (3) which related to agreements between Federal departments and agencies and States and localities to indemnify and hold harmless the States and localities from claims arising from the disclosure or use of criminal history record information.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(a)(3)], substituted "A covered agency" for "The Department of Defense, the Department of State, the Office of Personnel Management, the Central Intelligence Agency, or the Federal Bureau of Investigation".

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title X, §1076(d)], added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

**1990**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (3)(A), (B), (c). Pub. L. 101–246, §114(1), inserted "the Department of State," after "Defense," wherever appearing.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 101–246, §114(2), added subsec. (e).

**1986**—Subsecs. (b)(1), (3), (c). Pub. L. 99–569 inserted references to the Federal Bureau of Investigation and such bureau.

Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 99–569, title IV, §402(c), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3196, provided that: "The amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions set out as a note under this section] shall become effective with respect to any inquiry which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 27, 1986] conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for purposes specified in paragraph (b)(1) of section 9101 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 99–169, title VIII, §802, Dec. 4, 1985, 99 Stat. 1010, provided that: "The amendments made by section 801(a) of this Act [enacting this section] shall become effective with respect to any inquiry which begins after the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 4, 1985] conducted by the Department of Defense, the Office of Personnel Management, or the Central Intelligence Agency, for the purposes specified in paragraph (b)(1) of section 9101 of title 5, United States Code, as added by this Act."

Pub. L. 100–453, title I, §101(d), Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1904, extended the expiration date provided in section 803(b) of Pub. L. 99–169, formerly set out below, until Dec. 31, 1989.

Pub. L. 99–169, title VIII, §803(b), Dec. 4, 1985, 99 Stat. 1011, provided that subsec. (b)(3) of this section expired three years after Dec. 4, 1985.

Pub. L. 99–169, title VIII, §803(a), Dec. 4, 1985, 99 Stat. 1010, as amended by Pub. L. 99–569, title IV, §402(b), Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3196, directed Department of Justice, within two years after Dec. 4, 1985, and after consultation with Department of Defense, Office of Personnel Management, Central Intelligence Agency, and Federal Bureau of Investigation, to report to appropriate committees of Congress concerning the effect of 5 U.S.C. 9101(b)(3), as added by this Act, including the effect of the absence of indemnification agreements upon States and localities not eligible under 5 U.S.C. 9101(b)(3) for such agreements.


In this chapter—

(1) the term "agency" means "Executive agency" as such term is defined in section 105 and includes—

(A) the United States Postal Service and the Postal Regulatory Commission; and

(B) the Executive Office of the President;

(2) the term "appointing authority" means an employee in the executive branch of the Government of the United States that has authority to make appointments to positions in the civil service;

(3) the term "conditional offer" means an offer of employment in a position in the civil service that is conditioned upon the results of a criminal history inquiry;

(4) the term "criminal history record information"—

(A) except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and (C), has the meaning given the term in section 9101(a);

(B) includes any information described in the first sentence of section 9101(a)(2) that has been sealed or expunged pursuant to law; and

(C) includes information collected by a criminal justice agency, relating to an act or alleged act of juvenile delinquency, that is analogous to criminal history record information (including such information that has been sealed or expunged pursuant to law); and

(5) the term "suspension" has the meaning given the term in section 7501.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1605.)

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(b)(1), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1607, provided that: "Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subtitle [subtitle A of title XI of div. A of Pub. L. 116–92, approved Dec. 20, 2019], the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall issue such regulations as are necessary to carry out chapter 92 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this subtitle)."

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(A) that requires a determination of eligibility described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) of section 9101(b)(1)(A);

(B) as a Federal law enforcement officer (as defined in section 115(c) of title 18); or

(C) identified by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management in the regulations issued under paragraph (2).

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) be consistent with, and in no way supersede, restrict, or limit the application of title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e et seq.) or other relevant Federal civil rights laws; and

(ii) ensure that all hiring activities conducted pursuant to the regulations are conducted in a manner consistent with relevant Federal civil rights laws.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1606.)

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241. Title VII of the Act is classified generally to subchapter VI (§2000e et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, subtitle B, §1122(b)(2), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1608, provided that: "Section 9202 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this subtitle), shall take effect on the date that is 2 years after the date of enactment of this subtitle [Dec. 20, 2019]."

The Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall—

(1) develop, implement, and publish a policy to assist employees of agencies in complying with section 9202 and the regulations issued pursuant to such section; and

(2) establish and publish procedures under which an applicant for an appointment to a position in the civil service may submit a complaint, or any other information, relating to compliance by an employee of an agency with section 9202.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1606.)

(a)

(1) issue to the employee a written warning that includes a description of the violation and the additional penalties that may apply for subsequent violations; and

(2) file such warning in the employee's official personnel record file.

(b)

(1) For a second violation, suspension of the employee for a period of not more than 7 days.

(2) For a third violation, suspension of the employee for a period of more than 7 days.

(3) For a fourth violation—

(A) suspension of the employee for a period of more than 7 days; and

(B) a civil penalty against the employee in an amount that is not more than $250.

(4) For a fifth violation—

(A) suspension of the employee for a period of more than 7 days; and

(B) a civil penalty against the employee in an amount that is not more than $500.

(5) For any subsequent violation—

(A) suspension of the employee for a period of more than 7 days; and

(B) a civil penalty against the employee in an amount that is not more than $1,000.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1606.)

(a)

(b)

(1) the procedures under chapter 75; or

(2) except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, appeal or judicial review.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1607.)

Nothing in this chapter may be construed to—

(1) authorize any officer or employee of an agency to request the disclosure of information described under subparagraphs (B) and (C) of section 9201(4); or

(2) create a private right of action for any person.

(Added Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1122(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1607.)


(a) Any flexibilities provided by sections 9502 through 9510 of this chapter shall be exercised in a manner consistent with—

(1) chapter 23 (relating to merit system principles and prohibited personnel practices);

(2) provisions relating to preference eligibles;

(3) except as otherwise specifically provided, section 5307 (relating to the aggregate limitation on pay);

(4) except as otherwise specifically provided, chapter 71 (relating to labor-management relations); and

(5) subject to subsections (b) and (c) of section 1104, as though such authorities were delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury under section 1104(a)(2).

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury shall provide the Office of Personnel Management with any information that Office requires in carrying out its responsibilities under this section.

(c) Employees within a unit to which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition under chapter 71 shall not be subject to any flexibility provided by sections 9507 through 9510 of this chapter unless the exclusive representative and the Internal Revenue Service have entered into a written agreement which specifically provides for the exercise of that flexibility. Such written agreement may be imposed by the Federal Services Impasses Panel under section 7119.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 712.)

(a) When the Secretary of the Treasury seeks a grant of authority under section 5377 for critical pay for 1 or more positions at the Internal Revenue Service, the Office of Personnel Management may fix the rate of basic pay, notwithstanding sections 5377(d)(2) and 5307, at any rate up to the salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3.

(b) Notwithstanding section 5307, no allowance, differential, bonus, award, or similar cash payment may be paid to any employee receiving critical pay at a rate fixed under subsection (a), in any calendar year if, or to the extent that, the employee's total annual compensation will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 712; amended Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title I, §107, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1977.)

**2007**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Office of Management and Budget".

(a) Notwithstanding section 9502, and without regard to the provisions of this title governing appointments in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service and chapters 51 and 53 (relating to classification and pay rates), the Secretary of the Treasury may, Before 1 September 30, 2013, establish, fix the compensation of, and appoint individuals to, designated critical administrative, technical, and professional positions needed to carry out the functions of the Internal Revenue Service, if—

(1) the positions—

(A) require expertise of an extremely high level in an administrative, technical, or professional field; and

(B) are critical to the Internal Revenue Service's successful accomplishment of an important mission;

(2) exercise of the authority is necessary to recruit or retain an individual exceptionally well qualified for the position;

(3) the number of such positions does not exceed 40 at any one time;

(4) designation of such positions are approved by the Secretary of the Treasury;

(5) the terms of such appointments are limited to no more than 4 years;

(6) appointees to such positions were not Internal Revenue Service employees prior to June 1, 1998;

(7) total annual compensation for any appointee to such positions does not exceed the highest total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under section 104 of title 3; and

(8) all such positions are excluded from the collective bargaining unit.

(b) Individuals appointed under this section shall not be considered to be employees for purposes of subchapter II of chapter 75.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 712; amended Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title I, §105, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1977; Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title III, §1309, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 418.)

The provisions of this title governing appointments in the competitive service, referred to in subsec. (a), are classified generally to section 3301 et seq. of this title.

**2013**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–6, which directed substitution of "Before September 30, 2013" for "Before July 23, 2013" wherever appearing, was executed by making the substitution for "before July 23, 2013" in introductory provisions to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**2007**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "before July 23, 2013" for "for a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section" in introductory provisions.

1 So in original. Probably should not be capitalized.

(a) Before September 30, 2013 and subject to approval by the Office of Personnel Management, the Secretary of the Treasury may provide for variations from sections 5753 and 5754 governing payment of recruitment, relocation, and retention incentives.

(b) Before September 30, 2013, the Secretary of the Treasury may pay from appropriations made to the Internal Revenue Service allowable relocation expenses under section 5724a for employees transferred or reemployed and allowable travel and transportation expenses under section 5723 for new appointees, for any new appointee appointed to a position for which pay is fixed under section 9502 or 9503 after June 1, 1998.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 713; amended Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title I, §106, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1977; Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title III, §1309, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 418.)

**2013**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 113–6 substituted "Before September 30, 2013" for "Before July 23, 2013".

**2007**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "Before July 23, 2013" for "For a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section".

(a) Before September 30, 2013, Internal Revenue Service senior executives who have program management responsibility over significant functions of the Internal Revenue Service may be paid a performance bonus without regard to the limitation in section 5384(b)(2) if the Secretary of the Treasury finds such award warranted based on the executive's performance.

(b) In evaluating an executive's performance for purposes of an award under this section, the Secretary of the Treasury shall take into account the executive's contributions toward the successful accomplishment of goals and objectives established under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, subtitle III of title 40, Revenue Procedure 64–22 (as in effect on July 30, 1997), taxpayer service surveys, and other performance metrics or plans established in consultation with the Internal Revenue Service Oversight Board.

(c) Any award in excess of 20 percent of an executive's rate of basic pay shall be approved by the Secretary of the Treasury.

(d) Notwithstanding section 5384(b)(3), the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine the aggregate amount of performance awards available to be paid during any fiscal year under this section and section 5384 to career senior executives in the Internal Revenue Service. Such amount may not exceed the maximum amount which would be allowable under paragraph (3) of section 5384(b) if such paragraph were applied by substituting "the Internal Revenue Service" for "an agency". The Internal Revenue Service shall not be included in the determination under section 5384(b)(3) of the aggregate amount of performance awards payable to career senior executives in the Department of the Treasury other than the Internal Revenue Service.

(e) Notwithstanding section 5307, a performance bonus award may not be paid to an executive in a calendar year if, or to the extent that, the executive's total annual compensation will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the rate determined under section 104 of title 3.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 713; amended Pub. L. 107–217, §3(a)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295; Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §645(a), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 474; Pub. L. 110–161, div. D, title I, §106, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1977; Pub. L. 113–6, div. F, title III, §1309, Mar. 26, 2013, 127 Stat. 418.)

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 103–62, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 285, which enacted section 306 of this title, sections 1115 to 1119, 9703, and 9704 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 2801 to 2805 of Title 39, Postal Service, amended section 1105 of Title 31, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1115 of Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

**2013**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–6 substituted "Before September 30, 2013" for "Before July 23, 2013".

**2007**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–161 substituted "Before July 23, 2013" for "For a period of 10 years after the date of enactment of this section".

**2003**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–7 substituted "Such amount may not exceed the maximum amount which would be allowable under paragraph (3) of section 5384(b) if such paragraph were applied by substituting 'the Internal Revenue Service' for 'an agency'." for "Such amount may not exceed an amount equal to 5 percent of the aggregate amount of basic pay paid to career senior executives in the Internal Revenue Service during the preceding fiscal year."

**2002**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "subtitle III of title 40" for "division E of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–106; 110 Stat. 679)".

Pub. L. 108–7, div. J, title VI, §645(b), Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 474, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2002."

(a) In the application of section 3132, a "career reserved position" in the Internal Revenue Service means a position designated under section 3132(b) which may be filled only by—

(1) a career appointee; or

(2) a limited emergency appointee or a limited term appointee—

(A) who, immediately upon entering the career reserved position, was serving under a career or career-conditional appointment outside the Senior Executive Service; or

(B) whose limited emergency or limited term appointment is approved in advance by the Office of Personnel Management.

(b)(1) The number of positions described under subsection (a) which are filled by an appointee as described under paragraph (2) of such subsection may not exceed 10 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in the Internal Revenue Service.

(2) Notwithstanding section 3132—

(A) the term of an appointee described under subsection (a)(2) may be for any period not to exceed 3 years; and

(B) such an appointee may serve—

(i) two such terms; or

(ii) two such terms in addition to any unexpired term applicable at the time of appointment.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 714.)

(a) The exercise of any of the flexibilities under sections 9502 through 9510 shall not affect the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to implement for the Internal Revenue Service a demonstration project subject to chapter 47, as provided in subsection (b).

(b) In applying section 4703 to a demonstration project described in section 4701(a)(4) which involves the Internal Revenue Service—

(1) section 4703(b)(1) shall be deemed to read as follows:

"(1) develop a plan for such project which describes its purpose, the employees to be covered, the project itself, its anticipated outcomes, and the method of evaluating the project;";

(2) section 4703(b)(3) shall not apply;

(3) the 180-day notification period in section 4703(b)(4) shall be deemed to be a notification period of 30 days;

(4) section 4703(b)(6) shall be deemed to read as follows:

"(6) provides each House of Congress with the final version of the plan.";

(5) section 4703(c)(1) shall be deemed to read as follows:

"(1) subchapter V of chapter 63 or subpart G of part III of this title;";

(6) the requirements of paragraphs (1)(A) and (2) of section 4703(d) shall not apply; and

(7) notwithstanding section 4703(d)(1)(B), based on an evaluation as provided in section 4703(h), the Office of Personnel Management and the Secretary of the Treasury, except as otherwise provided by this subsection, may waive the termination date of a demonstration project under section 4703(d).

(c) At least 90 days before waiving the termination date under subsection (b)(7), the Office of Personnel Management shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of its intention to waive the termination date and shall inform in writing both Houses of Congress of its intention.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 715.)

(a) In lieu of a performance appraisal system established under section 4302, the Secretary of the Treasury shall, within 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, establish for the Internal Revenue Service a performance management system that—

(1) maintains individual accountability by—

(A) establishing one or more retention standards for each employee related to the work of the employee and expressed in terms of individual performance, and communicating such retention standards to employees;

(B) making periodic determinations of whether each employee meets or does not meet the employee's established retention standards; and

(C) taking actions, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, with respect to any employee whose performance does not meet established retention standards, including denying any increases in basic pay, promotions, and credit for performance under section 3502, and taking one or more of the following actions:

(i) Reassignment.

(ii) An action under chapter 43 or chapter 75 of this title.

(iii) Any other appropriate action to resolve the performance problem; and

(2) except as provided under section 1204 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, strengthens the system's effectiveness by—

(A) establishing goals or objectives for individual, group, or organizational performance (or any combination thereof), consistent with the Internal Revenue Service's performance planning procedures, including those established under the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, subtitle III of title 40, Revenue Procedure 64–22 (as in effect on July 30, 1997), and taxpayer service surveys, and communicating such goals or objectives to employees;

(B) using such goals and objectives to make performance distinctions among employees or groups of employees; and

(C) using performance assessments as a basis for granting employee awards, adjusting an employee's rate of basic pay, and other appropriate personnel actions, in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

(b)(1) For purposes of subsection (a)(2), the term "performance assessment" means a determination of whether or not retention standards established under subsection (a)(1)(A) are met, and any additional performance determination made on the basis of performance goals and objectives established under subsection (a)(2)(A).

(2) For purposes of this title, the term "unacceptable performance" with respect to an employee of the Internal Revenue Service covered by a performance management system established under this section means performance of the employee which fails to meet a retention standard established under this section.

(c)(1) The Secretary of the Treasury may establish an awards program designed to provide incentives for and recognition of organizational, group, and individual achievements by providing for granting awards to employees who, as individuals or members of a group, contribute to meeting the performance goals and objectives established under this chapter by such means as a superior individual or group accomplishment, a documented productivity gain, or sustained superior performance.

(2) A cash award under subchapter I of chapter 45 may be granted to an employee of the Internal Revenue Service without the need for any approval under section 4502(b).

(d)(1) In applying sections 4303(b)(1)(A) and 7513(b)(1) to employees of the Internal Revenue Service, "30 days" may be deemed to be "15 days".

(2) Notwithstanding the second sentence of section 5335(c), an employee of the Internal Revenue Service shall not have a right to appeal the denial of a periodic step increase under section 5335 to the Merit Systems Protection Board.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 715; amended Pub. L. 107–217, §3(a)(3), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1295.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–206, which was approved July 22, 1998.

Section 1204 of the Internal Revenue Service Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 1204 of Pub. L. 105–206, which is set out as a note under section 7804 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

The Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 103–62, Aug. 3, 1993, 107 Stat. 285, which enacted section 306 of this title, sections 1115 to 1119, 9703, and 9704 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and sections 2801 to 2805 of Title 39, Postal Service, amended section 1105 of Title 31, and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 1101 and 1115 of Title 31. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1993 Amendment note set out under section 1101 of Title 31 and Tables.

**2002**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted "subtitle III of title 40" for "division E of the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–106; 110 Stat. 679)".

(a) For purposes of this section, the term "broad-banded system" means a system for grouping positions for pay, job evaluation, and other purposes that is different from the system established under chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 as a result of combining grades and related ranges of rates of pay in one or more occupational series.

(b)(1)(A) The Secretary of the Treasury may, subject to criteria to be prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management, establish one or more broad-banded systems covering all or any portion of the Internal Revenue Service workforce.

(B) With the approval of the Office of Personnel Management, a broad-banded system established under this section may either include or consist of positions that otherwise would be subject to subchapter IV of chapter 53 or section 5376.

(2) The Office of Personnel Management may require the Secretary of the Treasury to submit information relating to broad-banded systems at the Internal Revenue Service.

(3) Except as otherwise provided under this section, employees under a broad-banded system shall continue to be subject to the laws and regulations covering employees under the pay system that otherwise would apply to such employees.

(4) The criteria to be prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management shall, at a minimum—

(A) ensure that the structure of any broad-banded system maintains the principle of equal pay for substantially equal work;

(B) establish the minimum and maximum number of grades that may be combined into pay bands;

(C) establish requirements for setting minimum and maximum rates of pay in a pay band;

(D) establish requirements for adjusting the pay of an employee within a pay band;

(E) establish requirements for setting the pay of a supervisory employee whose position is in a pay band or who supervises employees whose positions are in pay bands; and

(F) establish requirements and methodologies for setting the pay of an employee upon conversion to a broad-banded system, initial appointment, change of position or type of appointment (including promotion, demotion, transfer, reassignment, reinstatement, placement in another pay band, or movement to a different geographic location), and movement between a broad-banded system and another pay system.

(c) With the approval of the Office of Personnel Management and in accordance with a plan for implementation submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary may, with respect to Internal Revenue Service employees who are covered by a broad-banded system established under this section, provide for variations from the provisions of subchapter VI of chapter 53.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 716.)

(a)(1) Except as otherwise provided by this section, an employee of the Internal Revenue Service may be selected for a permanent appointment in the competitive service in the Internal Revenue Service through internal competitive promotion procedures if—

(A) the employee has completed, in the competitive service, 2 years of current continuous service under a term appointment or any combination of term appointments;

(B) such term appointment or appointments were made under competitive procedures prescribed for permanent appointments;

(C) the employee's performance under such term appointment or appointments met established retention standards, or, if not covered by a performance management system established under section 9508, was rated at the fully successful level or higher (or equivalent thereof); and

(D) the vacancy announcement for the term appointment from which the conversion is made stated that there was a potential for subsequent conversion to a permanent appointment.

(2) An appointment under this section may be made only to a position in the same line of work as a position to which the employee received a term appointment under competitive procedures.

(b)(1) Notwithstanding subchapter I of chapter 33, the Secretary of the Treasury may establish category rating systems for evaluating applicants for Internal Revenue Service positions in the competitive service under which qualified candidates are divided into two or more quality categories on the basis of relative degrees of merit, rather than assigned individual numerical ratings.

(2) Each applicant who meets the minimum qualification requirements for the position to be filled shall be assigned to an appropriate category based on an evaluation of the applicant's knowledge, skills, and abilities relative to those needed for successful performance in the position to be filled.

(3) Within each quality category established under paragraph (1), preference eligibles shall be listed ahead of individuals who are not preference eligibles. For other than scientific and professional positions at or higher than GS–9 (or equivalent), preference eligibles who have a compensable service-connected disability of 10 percent or more, and who meet the minimum qualification standards, shall be listed in the highest quality category.

(4) An appointing authority may select any applicant from the highest quality category or, if fewer than three candidates have been assigned to the highest quality category, from a merged category consisting of the highest and second highest quality categories.

(5) Notwithstanding paragraph (4), the appointing authority may not pass over a preference eligible in the same or higher category from which selection is made unless the requirements of section 3317(b) or 3318(c), as applicable, are satisfied.

(c) The Secretary of the Treasury may detail employees among the offices of the Internal Revenue Service without regard to the 120-day limitation in section 3341(b).

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of the Treasury may establish a probationary period under section 3321 of up to 3 years for Internal Revenue Service positions if the Secretary of the Treasury determines that the nature of the work is such that a shorter period is insufficient to demonstrate complete proficiency in the position.

(e) Nothing in this section exempts the Secretary of the Treasury from—

(1) any employment priority established under direction of the President for the placement of surplus or displaced employees; or

(2) any obligation under a court order or decree relating to the employment practices of the Internal Revenue Service or the Department of the Treasury.

(Added Pub. L. 105–206, title I, §1201(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 717; amended Pub. L. 114–137, §2(c), Mar. 18, 2016, 130 Stat. 312.)

GS–9, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is contained in the General Schedule which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

**2016**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 114–137 substituted "3318(c)" for "3318(b)".


For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "land management agency" means—

(A) the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture;

(B) the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior;

(C) the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior;

(D) the Fish and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Interior;

(E) the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior; and

(F) the Bureau of Reclamation of the Department of the Interior; and

(2) the term "time-limited appointment" includes a temporary appointment and a term appointment, as defined by the Office of Personnel Management.

(Added Pub. L. 114–47, §2(a), Aug. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 485.)

(a) Notwithstanding chapter 33 or any other provision of law relating to the examination, certification, and appointment of individuals in the competitive service, an employee of a land management agency serving under a time-limited appointment in the competitive service is eligible to compete for a permanent appointment in the competitive service at such land management agency when such agency is accepting applications from individuals within the agency's workforce under merit promotion procedures, or any agency, including a land management agency, when the agency is accepting applications from individuals outside its own workforce under the merit promotion procedures of the applicable agency if—

(1) the employee was appointed initially under open, competitive examination under subchapter I of chapter 33 to the time-limited appointment;

(2) the employee has served under 1 or more time-limited appointments by a land management agency for a period or periods totaling more than 24 months without a break of 2 or more years; and

(3) the employee's performance has been at an acceptable level of performance throughout the period or periods (as the case may be) referred to in paragraph (2).

(b) In determining the eligibility of a time-limited employee under this section to be examined for or appointed in the competitive service, the Office of Personnel Management or other examining agency shall waive requirements as to age, unless the requirement is essential to the performance of the duties of the position.

(c) An individual appointed under this section—

(1) becomes a career-conditional employee, unless the employee has otherwise completed the service requirements for career tenure; and

(2) acquires competitive status upon appointment.

(d) A former employee of a land management agency who served under a time-limited appointment and who otherwise meets the requirements of this section shall be deemed a time-limited employee of the agency from which the former employee was most recently separated for purposes of this section if—

(1) such employee applies for a position covered by this section within the period of 2 years after the most recent date of separation; and

(2) such employee's most recent separation was for reasons other than misconduct or performance.

(e) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(Added Pub. L. 114–47, §2(a), Aug. 7, 2015, 129 Stat. 485; amended Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1135, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2459.)

**2016**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, §1135(1), substituted in introductory provisions "such land management agency when such agency is accepting applications from individuals within the agency's workforce under merit promotion procedures, or any agency, including a land management agency, when the agency is accepting applications from individuals outside its own workforce under the merit promotion procedures of the applicable agency" for "any land management agency or any other agency (as defined in section 101 of title 31) under the internal merit promotion procedures of the applicable agency".

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 114–328, §1135(2), inserted "of the agency from which the former employee was most recently separated" after "deemed a time-limited employee" in introductory provisions.


(a)

(b)

(1) be flexible;

(2) be contemporary;

(3) not waive, modify, or otherwise affect—

(A) the public employment principles of merit and fitness set forth in section 2301, including the principles of hiring based on merit, fair treatment without regard to political affiliation or other nonmerit considerations, equal pay for equal work, and protection of employees against reprisal for whistleblowing;

(B) any provision of section 2302, relating to prohibited personnel practices;

(C)(i) any provision of law referred to in section 2302(b)(1), (8), and (9); or

(ii) any provision of law implementing any provision of law referred to in section 2302(b)(1), (8), and (9) by—

(I) providing for equal employment opportunity through affirmative action; or

(II) providing any right or remedy available to any employee or applicant for employment in the civil service;

(D) any other provision of this part (as described in subsection (c)); or

(E) any rule or regulation prescribed under any provision of law referred to in any of the preceding subparagraphs of this paragraph;

(4) ensure that employees may organize, bargain collectively, and participate through labor organizations of their own choosing in decisions which affect them, subject to any exclusion from coverage or limitation on negotiability established by law; and

(5) permit the use of a category rating system for evaluating applicants for positions in the competitive service.

(c)

(1) subparts A, B, E, G, and H of this part; and

(2) chapters 41, 45, 47, 55, 57, 59, 72, 73, and 79, and this chapter.

(d)

(1) to modify the pay of any employee who serves in—

(A) an Executive Schedule position under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code; or

(B) a position for which the rate of basic pay is fixed in statute by reference to a section or level under subchapter II of chapter 53 of such title 5;

(2) to fix pay for any employee or position at an annual rate greater than the maximum amount of cash compensation allowable under section 5307 of such title 5 in a year; or

(3) to exempt any employee from the application of such section 5307.

(e)

(1)

(A)

(i) provide to each employee representative representing any employees who might be affected, a written description of the proposed system or adjustment (including the reasons why it is considered necessary);

(ii) give each representative 30 calendar days (unless extraordinary circumstances require earlier action) to review and make recommendations with respect to the proposal; and

(iii) give any recommendations received from any such representatives under clause (ii) full and fair consideration in deciding whether or how to proceed with the proposal.

(B)

(i) notify Congress of those parts of the proposal, together with the recommendations of employee representatives;

(ii) meet and confer for not less than 30 calendar days with any representatives who have made recommendations, in order to attempt to reach agreement on whether or how to proceed with those parts of the proposal; and

(iii) at the Secretary's option, or if requested by a majority of the employee representatives who have made recommendations, use the services of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service during such meet and confer period to facilitate the process of attempting to reach agreement.

(C)

(i) Any part of the proposal as to which the representatives do not make a recommendation, or as to which their recommendations are accepted by the Secretary and the Director, may be implemented immediately.

(ii) With respect to any parts of the proposal as to which recommendations have been made but not accepted by the Secretary and the Director, at any time after 30 calendar days have elapsed since the initiation of the congressional notification, consultation, and mediation procedures set forth in subparagraph (B), if the Secretary determines, in the Secretary's sole and unreviewable discretion, that further consultation and mediation is unlikely to produce agreement, the Secretary may implement any or all of such parts, including any modifications made in response to the recommendations as the Secretary determines advisable.

(iii) The Secretary shall promptly notify Congress of the implementation of any part of the proposal and shall furnish with such notice an explanation of the proposal, any changes made to the proposal as a result of recommendations from employee representatives, and of the reasons why implementation is appropriate under this subparagraph.

(D)

(i) develop a method for each employee representative to participate in any further planning or development which might become necessary; and

(ii) give each employee representative adequate access to information to make that participation productive.

(2)

(A) in the case of employees within a unit with respect to which a labor organization is accorded exclusive recognition, representation by individuals designated or from among individuals nominated by such organization;

(B) in the case of any employees who are not within such a unit, representation by any appropriate organization which represents a substantial percentage of those employees or, if none, in such other manner as may be appropriate, consistent with the purposes of the subsection;

(C) the fair and expeditious handling of the consultation and mediation process described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1), including procedures by which, if the number of employee representatives providing recommendations exceeds 5, such representatives select a committee or other unified representative with which the Secretary and Director may meet and confer; and

(D) the selection of representatives in a manner consistent with the relative number of employees represented by the organizations or other representatives involved.

(f)

(1)

(A) employees of the Department are entitled to fair treatment in any appeals that they bring in decisions relating to their employment; and

(B) in prescribing regulations for any such appeals procedures, the Secretary and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management—

(i) should ensure that employees of the Department are afforded the protections of due process; and

(ii) toward that end, should be required to consult with the Merit Systems Protection Board before issuing any such regulations.

(2)

(A) shall be issued only after consultation with the Merit Systems Protection Board;

(B) shall ensure the availability of procedures which shall—

(i) be consistent with requirements of due process; and

(ii) provide, to the maximum extent practicable, for the expeditious handling of any matters involving the Department; and

(C) shall modify procedures under chapter 77 only insofar as such modifications are designed to further the fair, efficient, and expeditious resolution of matters involving the employees of the Department.

(g)

(h)

(Added Pub. L. 107–296, title VIII, §841(a)(2), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2230.)

Section 842 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (g), is classified to section 412 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section 1501 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (h), is classified to section 541 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107–296, set out as a note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Pub. L. 111–83, title V, §546, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2177, provided that: "For fiscal year 2010 and thereafter, the Secretary [of Homeland Security] may provide to personnel appointed or assigned to serve abroad, allowances and benefits similar to those provided under chapter 9 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1990 [1980] (22 U.S.C. 4081 et seq.)."


For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "Administration" means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

(2) the term "Administrator" means the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration;

(3) the term "critical need" means a specific and important safety, management, engineering, science, research, or operations requirement of the Administration's mission that the Administration is unable to fulfill because the Administration lacks the appropriate employees because—

(A) of the inability to fill positions; or

(B) employees do not possess the requisite skills;

(4) the term "employee" means an individual employed in or under the Administration;

(5) the term "workforce plan" means the plan required under section 9802(a);

(6) the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means—

(A) the Committees on Government Reform, Science, and Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committees on Governmental Affairs, Commerce, Science, and Transportation, and Appropriations of the Senate;

(7) the term "redesignation bonus" means a bonus under section 9804 paid to an individual described in subsection (a)(2) thereof;

(8) the term "supervisor" has the meaning given such term by section 7103(a)(10); and

(9) the term "management official" has the meaning given such term by section 7103(a)(11).

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 461.)

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Science of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Science and Technology of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

(a) Not later than 90 days before exercising any of the workforce authorities made available under this chapter, the Administrator shall submit a written plan to the appropriate committees of Congress. Such plan shall be approved by the Office of Personnel Management.

(b) A workforce plan shall include a description of—

(1) each critical need of the Administration and the criteria used in the identification of that need;

(2)(A) the functions, approximate number, and classes or other categories of positions or employees that—

(i) address critical needs; and

(ii) would be eligible for each authority proposed to be exercised under this chapter; and

(B) how the exercise of those authorities with respect to the eligible positions or employees involved would address each critical need identified under paragraph (1);

(3)(A) any critical need identified under paragraph (1) which would not be addressed by the authorities made available under this chapter; and

(B) the reasons why those needs would not be so addressed;

(4) the specific criteria to be used in determining which individuals may receive the benefits described under sections 9804 and 9805 (including the criteria for granting bonuses in the absence of a critical need), and how the level of those benefits will be determined;

(5) the safeguards or other measures that will be applied to ensure that this chapter is carried out in a manner consistent with merit system principles;

(6) the means by which employees will be afforded the notification required under subsections (c) and (d)(1)(B);

(7) the methods that will be used to determine if the authorities exercised under this chapter have successfully addressed each critical need identified under paragraph (1);

(8)(A) the recruitment methods used by the Administration before the enactment of this chapter to recruit highly qualified individuals; and

(B) the changes the Administration will implement after the enactment of this chapter in order to improve its recruitment of highly qualified individuals, including how it intends to use—

(i) nongovernmental recruitment or placement agencies; and

(ii) Internet technologies; and

(9) any workforce-related reforms required to resolve the findings and recommendations of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board, the extent to which those recommendations were accepted, and, if necessary, the reasons why any of those recommendations were not accepted.

(c) Not later than 60 days before first exercising any of the workforce authorities made available under this chapter, the Administrator shall provide to all employees the workforce plan and any additional information which the Administrator considers appropriate.

(d)(1)(A) The Administrator may from time to time modify the workforce plan. Any modification to the workforce plan shall be submitted to the Office of Personnel Management for approval by the Office before the modification may be implemented.

(B) Not later than 60 days before implementing any such modifications, the Administrator shall provide an appropriately modified plan to all employees of the Administration and to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(2) Any reference in this chapter or any other provision of law to the workforce plan shall be considered to include any modification made in accordance with this subsection.

(e) Before submitting any written plan under subsection (a) (or modification under subsection (d)) to the Office of Personnel Management, the Administrator shall—

(1) provide to each employee representative representing any employees who might be affected by such plan (or modification) a copy of the proposed plan (or modification);

(2) give each representative 30 calendar days (unless extraordinary circumstances require earlier action) to review and make recommendations with respect to the proposed plan (or modification); and

(3) give any recommendations received from any such representatives under paragraph (2) full and fair consideration in deciding whether or how to proceed with respect to the proposed plan (or modification).

(f) None of the workforce authorities made available under this chapter may be exercised in a manner inconsistent with the workforce plan.

(g) Whenever the Administration submits its performance plan under section 1115 of title 31 to the Office of Management and Budget for any year, the Administration shall at the same time submit a copy of such plan to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(h) Not later than 6 years after the date of enactment of this chapter, the Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress an evaluation and analysis of the actions taken by the Administration under this chapter, including—

(1) an evaluation, using the methods described in subsection (b)(7), of whether the authorities exercised under this chapter successfully addressed each critical need identified under subsection (b)(1);

(2) to the extent that they did not, an explanation of the reasons why any critical need (apart from the ones under subsection (b)(3)) was not successfully addressed; and

(3) recommendations for how the Administration could address any remaining critical need and could prevent those that have been addressed from recurring.

(i) The budget request for the Administration for the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this chapter and for each fiscal year thereafter shall include a statement of the total amount of appropriations requested for such fiscal year to carry out this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 462.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (h) and (i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–201, which was approved Feb. 24, 2004.

(a) None of the workforce authorities made available under this chapter may be exercised with respect to any officer who is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate.

(b) Unless specifically stated otherwise, all workforce authorities made available under this chapter shall be subject to section 5307.

(c)(1) None of the workforce authorities made available under section 9804, 9805, 9806, 9807, 9809, 9812, 9813, 9814, or 9815 may be exercised with respect to a political appointee.

(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term "political appointee" means an employee who holds—

(A) a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; or

(B) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as such term is defined in section 3132(a)).

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 464.)

(a) Notwithstanding section 5753, the Administrator may pay a bonus to an individual, in accordance with the workforce plan and subject to the limitations in this section, if—

(1) the Administrator determines that the Administration would be likely, in the absence of a bonus, to encounter difficulty in filling a position; and

(2) the individual—

(A) is newly appointed as an employee of the Federal Government;

(B) is currently employed by the Federal Government and is newly appointed to another position in the same geographic area; or

(C) is currently employed by the Federal Government and is required to relocate to a different geographic area to accept a position with the Administration.

(b) If the position is described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A), the amount of a bonus may not exceed—

(1) 50 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay (including comparability payments under sections 5304 and 5304a) as of the beginning of the service period multiplied by the service period specified under subsection (d)(1)(B)(i); or

(2) 100 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay (including comparability payments under sections 5304 and 5304a) as of the beginning of the service period.

(c) If the position is not described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A), the amount of a bonus may not exceed 25 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay (excluding comparability payments under sections 5304 and 5304a) as of the beginning of the service period.

(d)(1)(A) Payment of a bonus under this section shall be contingent upon the individual entering into a service agreement with the Administration.

(B) At a minimum, the service agreement shall include—

(i) the required service period;

(ii) the method of payment, including a payment schedule, which may include a lump-sum payment, installment payments, or a combination thereof;

(iii) the amount of the bonus and the basis for calculating that amount; and

(iv) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed, and the effect of the termination.

(2) For purposes of determinations under subsections (b)(1) and (c)(1), the employee's service period shall be expressed as the number equal to the full years and twelfth parts thereof, rounding the fractional part of a month to the nearest twelfth part of a year. The service period may not be less than 6 months and may not exceed 4 years.

(3) A bonus under this section may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee.

(e) Before paying a bonus under this section, the Administration shall establish a plan for paying recruitment, redesignation, and relocation bonuses, subject to approval by the Office of Personnel Management.

(f) No more than 25 percent of the total amount in bonuses awarded under subsection (a) in any year may be awarded to supervisors or management officials.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 464.)

(a) Notwithstanding section 5754, the Administrator may pay a bonus to an employee, in accordance with the workforce plan and subject to the limitations in this section, if the Administrator determines that—

(1) the unusually high or unique qualifications of the employee or a special need of the Administration for the employee's services makes it essential to retain the employee; and

(2) the employee would be likely to leave in the absence of a retention bonus.

(b) If the position is described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A), the amount of a bonus may not exceed 50 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay (including comparability payments under sections 5304 and 5304a).

(c) If the position is not described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A), the amount of a bonus may not exceed 25 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay (excluding comparability payments under sections 5304 and 5304a).

(d)(1)(A) Payment of a bonus under this section shall be contingent upon the employee entering into a service agreement with the Administration.

(B) At a minimum, the service agreement shall include—

(i) the required service period;

(ii) the method of payment, including a payment schedule, which may include a lump-sum payment, installment payments, or a combination thereof;

(iii) the amount of the bonus and the basis for calculating the amount; and

(iv) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed, and the effect of the termination.

(2) The employee's service period shall be expressed as the number equal to the full years and twelfth parts thereof, rounding the fractional part of a month to the nearest twelfth part of a year. The service period may not be less than 6 months and may not exceed 4 years.

(3) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a service agreement is not required if the Administration pays a bonus in biweekly installments and sets the installment payment at the full bonus percentage rate established for the employee, with no portion of the bonus deferred. In this case, the Administration shall inform the employee in writing of any decision to change the retention bonus payments. The employee shall continue to accrue entitlement to the retention bonus through the end of the pay period in which such written notice is provided.

(e) A bonus under this section may not be considered to be part of the basic pay of an employee.

(f) An employee is not entitled to a retention bonus under this section during a service period previously established for that employee under section 5753 or under section 9804.

(g) No more than 25 percent of the total amount in bonuses awarded under subsection (a) in any year may be awarded to supervisors or management officials.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 465.)

(a) The Administrator may authorize term appointments within the Administration under subchapter I of chapter 33, for a period of not less than 1 year and not more than 6 years.

(b) Notwithstanding chapter 33 or any other provision of law relating to the examination, certification, and appointment of individuals in the competitive service, the Administrator may convert an employee serving under a term appointment to a permanent appointment in the competitive service within the Administration without further competition if—

(1) such individual was appointed under open, competitive examination under subchapter I of chapter 33 to the term position;

(2) the announcement for the term appointment from which the conversion is made stated that there was potential for subsequent conversion to a career-conditional or career appointment;

(3) the employee has completed at least 2 years of current continuous service under a term appointment in the competitive service;

(4) the employee's performance under such term appointment was at least fully successful or equivalent; and

(5) the position to which such employee is being converted under this section is in the same occupational series, is in the same geographic location, and provides no greater promotion potential than the term position for which the competitive examination was conducted.

(c) Notwithstanding chapter 33 or any other provision of law relating to the examination, certification, and appointment of individuals in the competitive service, the Administrator may convert an employee serving under a term appointment to a permanent appointment in the competitive service within the Administration through internal competitive promotion procedures if the conditions under paragraphs (1) through (4) of subsection (b) are met.

(d) An employee converted under this section becomes a career-conditional employee, unless the employee has otherwise completed the service requirements for career tenure.

(e) An employee converted to career or career-conditional employment under this section acquires competitive status upon conversion.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 466.)

(a) In this section, the term "position" means—

(1) a position to which chapter 51 applies, including a position in the Senior Executive Service;

(2) a position under the Executive Schedule under sections 5312 through 5317;

(3) a position established under section 3104; or

(4) a senior-level position to which section 5376(a)(1) applies.

(b) Authority under this section—

(1) may be exercised only with respect to a position that—

(A) is described as addressing a critical need in the workforce plan under section 9802(b)(2)(A); and

(B) requires expertise of an extremely high level in a scientific, technical, professional, or administrative field;

(2) may be exercised only to the extent necessary to recruit or retain an individual exceptionally well qualified for the position; and

(3) may be exercised only in retaining employees of the Administration or in appointing individuals who were not employees of another Federal agency as defined under section 5102(a)(1).

(c)(1) Notwithstanding section 5377, the Administrator may fix the rate of basic pay for a position in the Administration in accordance with this section. The Administrator may not delegate this authority.

(2) The number of positions with pay fixed under this section may not exceed 10 at any time.

(d)(1) The rate of basic pay fixed under this section may not be less than the rate of basic pay (including any comparability payments) which would otherwise be payable for the position involved if this section had never been enacted.

(2) The annual rate of basic pay fixed under this section may not exceed the per annum rate of salary payable under section 104 of title 3.

(3) Notwithstanding any provision of section 5307, in the case of an employee who, during any calendar year, is receiving pay at a rate fixed under this section, no allowance, differential, bonus, award, or similar cash payment may be paid to such employee if, or to the extent that, when added to basic pay paid or payable to such employee (for service performed in such calendar year as an employee in the executive branch or as an employee outside the executive branch to whom chapter 51 applies), such payment would cause the total to exceed the per annum rate of salary which, as of the end of such calendar year, is payable under section 104 of title 3.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 467.)

For purposes of applying the third sentence of section 3372(a) (relating to the authority of the head of a Federal agency to extend the period of an employee's assignment to or from a State or local government, institution of higher education, or other organization), the Administrator may, with the concurrence of the employee and the government or organization concerned, take any action which would be allowable if such sentence had been amended by striking "two" and inserting "four".

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 468.)

(a)(1) The Administrator shall establish a National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science and Technology Scholarship Program to award scholarships to individuals that is designed to recruit and prepare students for careers in the Administration.

(2) Individuals shall be selected to receive scholarships under this section through a competitive process primarily on the basis of academic merit, with consideration given to financial need and the goal of promoting the participation of individuals identified in section 33 or 34 of the Science and Engineering Equal Opportunities Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b).

(3) To carry out the Program the Administrator shall enter into contractual agreements with individuals selected under paragraph (2) under which the individuals agree to serve as full-time employees of the Administration, for the period described in subsection (f)(1), in positions needed by the Administration and for which the individuals are qualified, in exchange for receiving a scholarship.

(b) In order to be eligible to participate in the Program, an individual must—

(1) be enrolled or accepted for enrollment as a full-time student at an institution of higher education in an academic field or discipline described in the list made available under subsection (d);

(2) be a United States citizen or permanent resident; and

(3) at the time of the initial scholarship award, not be an employee (as defined in section 2105).

(c) An individual seeking a scholarship under this section shall submit an application to the Administrator at such time, in such manner, and containing such information, agreements, or assurances as the Administrator may require to carry out this section.

(d) The Administrator shall make publicly available a list of academic programs and fields of study for which scholarships under the Program may be utilized and shall update the list as necessary.

(e)(1) The Administrator may provide a scholarship under the Program for an academic year if the individual applying for the scholarship has submitted to the Administrator, as part of the application required under subsection (c), a proposed academic program leading to a degree in a program or field of study on the list made available under subsection (d).

(2) An individual may not receive a scholarship under this section for more than 4 academic years, unless the Administrator grants a waiver.

(3) The dollar amount of a scholarship under this section for an academic year shall be determined under regulations issued by the Administrator, but shall in no case exceed the cost of attendance.

(4) A scholarship provided under this section may be expended for tuition, fees, and other authorized expenses as established by the Administrator by regulation.

(5) The Administrator may enter into a contractual agreement with an institution of higher education under which the amounts provided for a scholarship under this section for tuition, fees, and other authorized expenses are paid directly to the institution with respect to which the scholarship is provided.

(f)(1) The period of service for which an individual shall be obligated to serve as an employee of the Administration is, except as provided in subsection (h)(2), 24 months for each academic year for which a scholarship under this section is provided.

(2)(A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B), obligated service under paragraph (1) shall begin not later than 60 days after the individual obtains the educational degree for which the scholarship was provided.

(B) The Administrator may defer the obligation of an individual to provide a period of service under paragraph (1) if the Administrator determines that such a deferral is appropriate. The Administrator shall prescribe the terms and conditions under which a service obligation may be deferred through regulation.

(g)(1) Scholarship recipients who fail to maintain a high level of academic standing, as defined by the Administrator by regulation, who are dismissed from their educational institutions for disciplinary reasons, or who voluntarily terminate academic training before graduation from the educational program for which the scholarship was awarded, shall be in breach of their contractual agreement and, in lieu of any service obligation arising under such agreement, shall be liable to the United States for repayment within 1 year after the date of default of all scholarship funds paid to them and to the institution of higher education on their behalf under the agreement, except as provided in subsection (h)(2). The repayment period may be extended by the Administrator when determined to be necessary, as established by regulation.

(2) Scholarship recipients who, for any reason, fail to begin or complete their service obligation after completion of academic training, or fail to comply with the terms and conditions of deferment established by the Administrator pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(B), shall be in breach of their contractual agreement. When recipients breach their agreements for the reasons stated in the preceding sentence, the recipient shall be liable to the United States for an amount equal to—

(A) the total amount of scholarships received by such individual under this section; plus

(B) the interest on the amounts of such awards which would be payable if at the time the awards were received they were loans bearing interest at the maximum legal prevailing rate, as determined by the Treasurer of the United States.

(h)(1) Any obligation of an individual incurred under the Program (or a contractual agreement thereunder) for service or payment shall be canceled upon the death of the individual.

(2) The Administrator shall by regulation provide for the partial or total waiver or suspension of any obligation of service or payment incurred by an individual under the Program (or a contractual agreement thereunder) whenever compliance by the individual is impossible or would involve extreme hardship to the individual, or if enforcement of such obligation with respect to the individual would be contrary to the best interests of the Government.

(i) For purposes of this section—

(1) the term "cost of attendance" has the meaning given that term in section 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965;

(2) the term "institution of higher education" has the meaning given that term in section 101(a) of the Higher Education Act of 1965; and

(3) the term "Program" means the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science and Technology Scholarship Program established under this section.

(j)(1) There is authorized to be appropriated to the Administration for the Program $10,000,000 for each fiscal year.

(2) Amounts appropriated under this section shall remain available for 2 fiscal years.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 468; amended Pub. L. 109–155, title VII, §703(a), Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2936.)

Sections 101(a) and 472 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (i), are classified to sections 1001(a) and 1087ll, respectively, of Title 20, Education.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–155, §703(a)(1), substituted "Act (42 U.S.C. 1885a or 1885b)." for "Act."

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–155, §703(a)(2), substituted "require to carry out this section." for "require."

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–155, §703(a)(3), struck out at end "Under no circumstances shall the total period of obligated service be more than 4 years."

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 109–155, §703(a)(4), substituted a period for a comma at end of subpar. (B) and struck out concluding provisions which read: "multiplied by 3."

(a) In this section—

(1) the term "professional position" means a position that is classified to an occupational series identified by the Office of Personnel Management as a position that—

(A) requires education and training in the principles, concepts, and theories of the occupation that typically can be gained only through completion of a specified curriculum at a recognized college or university; and

(B) is covered by the Group Coverage Qualification Standard for Professional and Scientific Positions; and

(2) the term "research position" means a position in a professional series that primarily involves scientific inquiry or investigation, or research-type exploratory development of a creative or scientific nature, where the knowledge required to perform the work successfully is acquired typically and primarily through graduate study.

(b) The Administration may appoint, without regard to the provisions of section 3304(b) and sections 3309 through 3318, but subject to subsection (c), candidates directly to General Schedule professional, competitive service positions in the Administration for which public notice has been given (in accordance with regulations of the Office of Personnel Management), if—

(1) with respect to a position at the GS–7 level, the individual—

(A) received, within 2 years before the effective date of the appointment, from an accredited institution authorized to grant baccalaureate degrees, a baccalaureate degree in a field of study for which possession of that degree in conjunction with academic achievements meets the qualification standards as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the position to which the individual is being appointed; and

(B) achieved a cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or higher on a 4.0 scale and a grade point average of 3.5 or higher for courses in the field of study required to qualify for the position;

(2) with respect to a position at the GS–9 level, the individual—

(A) received, within 2 years before the effective date of the appointment, from an accredited institution authorized to grant graduate degrees, a graduate degree in a field of study for which possession of that degree meets the qualification standards at this grade level as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the position to which the individual is being appointed; and

(B) achieved a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 or higher on a 4.0 scale in graduate coursework in the field of study required for the position;

(3) with respect to a position at the GS–11 level, the individual—

(A) received, within 2 years before the effective date of the appointment, from an accredited institution authorized to grant graduate degrees, a graduate degree in a field of study for which possession of that degree meets the qualification standards at this grade level as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the position to which the individual is being appointed; and

(B) achieved a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 or higher on a 4.0 scale in graduate coursework in the field of study required for the position; or

(4) with respect to a research position at the GS–12 level, the individual—

(A) received, within 2 years before the effective date of the appointment, from an accredited institution authorized to grant graduate degrees, a graduate degree in a field of study for which possession of that degree meets the qualification standards at this grade level as prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management for the position to which the individual is being appointed; and

(B) achieved a cumulative grade point average of 3.5 or higher on a 4.0 scale in graduate coursework in the field of study required for the position.

(c) In making any selections under this section, preference eligibles who meet the criteria for distinguished scholar appointments shall be considered ahead of nonpreference eligibles.

(d) An appointment made under this authority shall be a career-conditional appointment in the competitive civil service.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 470.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

(a) In this section, the term "new appointee" means—

(1) a person newly appointed or reinstated to Federal service to the Administration to—

(A) a career or career-conditional appointment or an excepted service appointment to a continuing position;

(B) a term appointment;

(C) an excepted service appointment that provides for noncompetitive conversion to a career or career-conditional appointment;

(D) a career or limited term Senior Executive Service appointment;

(E) an appointment made under section 20113(b)(1) of title 51;

(F) an appointment to a position established under section 3104; or

(G) an appointment to a position established under section 5108; or

(2) a student trainee who, upon completion of academic work, is converted to an appointment in the Administration that is identified in paragraph (1) in accordance with an appropriate authority.

(b) The Administrator may pay the travel, transportation, and relocation expenses of a new appointee to the same extent, in the same manner, and subject to the same conditions as the payment of such expenses under sections 5724, 5724a, 5724b, and 5724c to an employee transferred in the interests of the United States Government.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 472; amended Pub. L. 111–314, §4(a), Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3440.)

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 111–314 substituted "section 20113(b)(1) of title 51" for "section 203(c)(2)(A) of the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (42 U.S.C. 2473(c)(2)(A))".

(a) In this section—

(1) the term "newly appointed employee" means an individual who is first appointed—

(A) as an employee of the Federal Government; or

(B) as an employee of the Federal Government following a break in service of at least 90 days after that individual's last period of Federal employment, other than—

(i) employment under the Student Educational Employment Program administered by the Office of Personnel Management;

(ii) employment as a law clerk trainee;

(iii) employment under a short-term temporary appointing authority while a student during periods of vacation from the educational institution at which the student is enrolled;

(iv) employment under a provisional appointment if the new appointment is permanent and immediately follows the provisional appointment; or

(v) employment under a temporary appointment that is neither full-time nor the principal employment of the individual;

(2) the term "period of qualified non-Federal service" means any period of service performed by an individual that—

(A) was performed in a position the duties of which were directly related to the duties of the position in the Administration which that individual will fill as a newly appointed employee; and

(B) except for this section, would not otherwise be service performed by an employee for purposes of section 6303; and

(3) the term "directly related to the duties of the position" means duties and responsibilities in the same line of work which require similar qualifications.

(b)(1) For purposes of section 6303, the Administrator may deem a period of qualified non-Federal service performed by a newly appointed employee to be a period of service of equal length performed as an employee.

(2) A decision under paragraph (1) to treat a period of qualified non-Federal service as if it were service performed as an employee shall continue to apply so long as that individual serves in or under the Administration.

(c)(1) Notwithstanding section 6303(a), the annual leave accrual rate for an employee of the Administration in a position paid under section 5376 or 5383, or for an employee in an equivalent category whose rate of basic pay is greater than the rate payable at GS–15, step 10, shall be 1 day for each full biweekly pay period.

(2) The accrual rate established under this subsection shall continue to apply to the employee so long as such employee serves in or under the Administration.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 472.)

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

(a) In this section—

(1) the term "career reserved position" means a position in the Administration designated under section 3132(b) which may be filled only by—

(A) a career appointee; or

(B) a limited emergency appointee or a limited term appointee—

(i) who, immediately before entering the career reserved position, was serving under a career or career-conditional appointment outside the Senior Executive Service; or

(ii) whose limited emergency or limited term appointment is approved in advance by the Office of Personnel Management;

(2) the term "limited emergency appointee" has the meaning given under section 3132; and

(3) the term "limited term appointee" means an individual appointed to a Senior Executive Service position in the Administration to meet a bona fide temporary need, as determined by the Administrator.

(b) The number of career reserved positions which are filled by an appointee as described under subsection (a)(1)(B) may not exceed 10 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions allocated to the Administration.

(c) Notwithstanding sections 3132 and 3394(b)—

(1) the Administrator may appoint an individual to any Senior Executive Service position in the Administration as a limited term appointee under this section for a period of—

(A) 4 years or less to a position the duties of which will expire at the end of such term; or

(B) 1 year or less to a position the duties of which are continuing; and

(2) in rare circumstances, the Administrator may authorize an extension of a limited appointment under—

(A) paragraph (1)(A) for a period not to exceed 2 years; and

(B) paragraph (1)(B) for a period not to exceed 1 year.

(d) A limited term appointee who has been appointed in the Administration from a career or career-conditional appointment outside the Senior Executive Service shall have reemployment rights in the agency from which appointed, or in another agency, under requirements and conditions established by the Office of Personnel Management. The Office shall have the authority to direct such placement in any agency.

(e) Notwithstanding section 3394(b) and section 3395—

(1) a limited term appointee serving under a term prescribed under this section may be reassigned to another Senior Executive Service position in the Administration, the duties of which will expire at the end of a term of 4 years or less; and

(2) a limited term appointee serving under a term prescribed under this section may be reassigned to another continuing Senior Executive Service position in the Administration, except that the appointee may not serve in 1 or more positions in the Administration under such appointment in excess of 1 year, except that in rare circumstances, the Administrator may approve an extension up to an additional 1 year.

(f) A limited term appointee may not serve more than 7 consecutive years under any combination of limited appointments.

(g) Notwithstanding section 5384, the Administrator may authorize performance awards to limited term appointees in the Administration in the same amounts and in the same manner as career appointees.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 473.)

(a) Notwithstanding section 5334, the Administrator may set the pay of an employee paid under the General Schedule at any step within the pay range for the grade of the position, if such employee—

(1) possesses unusually high or unique qualifications; and

(2) is assigned—

(A) new duties, without a change of position; or

(B) to a new position.

(b) If an exercise of the authority under this section relates to a current employee selected for another position within the Administration, a determination shall be made that the employee's contribution in the new position will exceed that in the former position, before setting pay under this section.

(c) Pay as set under this section is basic pay for such purposes as pay set under section 5334.

(d) If the employee serves for at least 1 year in the position for which the pay determination under this section was made, or a successor position, the pay earned under such position may be used in succeeding actions to set pay under chapter 53.

(e) Before setting any employee's pay under this section, the Administrator shall submit a plan to the Office of Personnel Management and the appropriate committees of Congress, that includes—

(1) criteria for approval of actions to set pay under this section;

(2) the level of approval required to set pay under this section;

(3) all types of actions and positions to be covered;

(4) the relationship between the exercise of authority under this section and the use of other pay incentives; and

(5) a process to evaluate the effectiveness of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 474.)

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

The Administrator shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress, not later than February 28 of each of the next 6 years beginning after the date of enactment of this chapter, a report that provides the following:

(1) A summary of all bonuses paid under subsections (b) and (c) of section 9804 during the preceding fiscal year. Such summary shall include the total amount of bonuses paid, the total number of bonuses paid, the percentage of the amount of bonuses awarded to supervisors and management officials, and the average percentage used to calculate the total average bonus amount, under each of those subsections.

(2) A summary of all bonuses paid under subsections (b) and (c) of section 9805 during the preceding fiscal year. Such summary shall include the total amount of bonuses paid, the total number of bonuses paid, the percentage of the amount of bonuses awarded to supervisors and management officials, and the average percentage used to calculate the total average bonus amount, under each of those subsections.

(3) The total number of term appointments converted during the preceding fiscal year under section 9806 and, of that total number, the number of conversions that were made to address a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2).

(4) The number of positions for which the rate of basic pay was fixed under section 9807 during the preceding fiscal year, the number of positions for which the rate of basic pay under such section was terminated during the preceding fiscal year, and the number of times the rate of basic pay was fixed under such section to address a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2).

(5) The number of scholarships awarded under section 9809 during the preceding fiscal year and the number of scholarship recipients appointed by the Administration during the preceding fiscal year.

(6) The total number of distinguished scholar appointments made under section 9810 during the preceding fiscal year and, of that total number, the number of appointments that were made to address a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2).

(7) The average amount paid per appointee, and the largest amount paid to any appointee, under section 9811 during the preceding fiscal year for travel and transportation expenses.

(8) The total number of employees who were awarded enhanced annual leave under section 9812 during the preceding fiscal year; of that total number, the number of employees who were serving in a position addressing a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2); and, for employees in each of those respective groups, the average amount of additional annual leave such employees earned in the preceding fiscal year (over and above what they would have earned absent section 9812).

(9) The total number of appointments made under section 9813 during the preceding fiscal year and, of that total number, the number of appointments that were made to address a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2).

(10) The number of employees for whom the Administrator set the pay under section 9814 during the preceding fiscal year and the number of times pay was set under such section to address a critical need described in the workforce plan pursuant to section 9802(b)(2).

(11) A summary of all recruitment, relocation, redesignation, and retention bonuses paid under authorities other than this chapter and excluding the authorities provided in sections 5753 and 5754 of this title, during the preceding fiscal year. Such summary shall include, for each type of bonus, the total amount of bonuses paid, the total number of bonuses paid, the percentage of the amount of bonuses awarded to supervisors and management officials, and the average percentage used to calculate the total average bonus amount.

(Added Pub. L. 108–201, §3(a), Feb. 24, 2004, 118 Stat. 475.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in introductory provisions, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–201, which was approved Feb. 24, 2004.


**2018**—Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1101(b), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2000, added item 9905.

**2011**—Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1101(d)(1), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1610, amended chapter heading generally, substituting "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL AUTHORITIES" for "DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM".

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1113(f)(2), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2502, added item 9902 and struck out former item 9902 "Establishment of human resources management system".

For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Personnel Management; and

(2) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Defense.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1101(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1621.)

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1101(b), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1633, provided that:

"(1) Any exercise of authority under chapter 99 of such title [this chapter] (as added by subsection (a)), including under any system established under such chapter, shall be in conformance with the requirements of this subsection.

"(2) No other provision of this Act [see Tables for classification] or of any amendment made by this Act may be construed or applied in a manner so as to limit, supersede, or otherwise affect the provisions of this section [enacting this chapter], except to the extent that it does so by specific reference to this section."

(a)

(A) A fair, credible, and transparent performance appraisal system for employees.

(B) A fair, credible, and transparent system for linking employee bonuses and other performance-based actions to performance appraisals of employees.

(C) A process for ensuring ongoing performance feedback and dialogue among supervisors, managers, and employees throughout the appraisal period and setting timetables for review.

(D) Development of attractive career paths.

(E) Development of "performance assistance plans" that are designed to give employees formal training, on-the-job training, counseling, mentoring, and other assistance.

(2) In developing the regulations required by this subsection, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director, may waive the requirements of chapter 43 (other than sections 4302 and 4303(e)) and the regulations implementing such chapter, to the extent necessary to achieve the objectives of this subsection.

(3)(A) The Secretary may establish a fund, to be known as the "Department of Defense Civilian Workforce Incentive Fund" (in this paragraph referred to as the "Fund").

(B) The Fund shall consist of the following:

(i) Amounts appropriated to the Fund.

(ii) Amounts available for compensation of employees that are transferred to the Fund.

(C) Amounts in the Fund shall be available for the following:

(i) Incentive payments for employees based on team or individual performance (which payments shall be in addition to basic pay).

(ii) Incentive payments to attract or retain employees with particular or superior qualifications or abilities.

(D) The authority provided in this paragraph is in addition to, and does not supersede or replace, any authority or source of funding otherwise available to the Secretary to pay bonuses or make incentive payments to civilian employees of the Department.

(4)(A) Any action taken by the Secretary under this subsection, or to implement this subsection, shall be subject to the requirements of subsection (c) and chapter 71.

(B) Any rules or regulations promulgated pursuant to this subsection shall be deemed an agency rule or regulation under section 7117(a)(2), and shall not be deemed a Government-wide rule or regulation under section 7117(a)(1).

(b)

(A) better meet mission needs;

(B) respond to managers' needs and the needs of applicants;

(C) produce high-quality applicants;

(D) support timely decisions;

(E) uphold appointments based on merit system principles; and

(F) promote competitive job offers.

(2) In redesigning the process by which such appointments shall be made, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director, may waive the requirements of chapter 33, and the regulations implementing such chapter, to the extent necessary to achieve the objectives of this section, while providing for the following:

(A) Fair, credible, and transparent methods of establishing qualification requirements for, recruitment for, and appointments to positions.

(B) Fair and open competition and equitable treatment in the consideration and selection of individuals to positions.

(C) Fair, credible, and transparent methods of assigning, reassigning, detailing, transferring, or promoting employees.

(3) In implementing this subsection, the Secretary shall comply with the provisions of section 2302(b)(11), regarding veterans' preference requirements, in a manner consistent with that in which such provisions are applied under chapter 33.

(4)(A) Any action taken by the Secretary under this subsection, or to implement this subsection, shall be subject to the requirements of subsection (c) and chapter 71.

(B) Any rules or regulations promulgated pursuant to this section shall be deemed an agency rule or regulation under section 7117(a)(2), and shall not be deemed a Government-wide rule or regulation under section 7117(a)(1).

(5) The Secretary shall develop a training program for Department of Defense human resource professionals to implement the requirements of this subsection.

(6) The Secretary shall develop indicators of effectiveness to determine whether appointment flexibilities under this subsection have achieved the objectives set forth in paragraph (1).

(c)

(1) adhere to merit principles set forth in section 2301;

(2) include a means for ensuring employee involvement (for bargaining unit employees, through their exclusive representatives) in the design and implementation of such system;

(3) provide for adequate training and retraining for supervisors, managers, and employees in the implementation and operation of such system;

(4) develop—

(A) a comprehensive management succession program to provide training to employees to develop managers for the agency; and

(B) a program to provide training to supervisors on actions, options, and strategies a supervisor may use in administering such system;

(5) include effective transparency and accountability measures and safeguards to ensure that the management of such system is fair, credible, and equitable, including appropriate independent reasonableness reviews, internal assessments, and employee surveys;

(6) provide mentors to advise individuals on their career paths and opportunities to advance and excel within their fields;

(7) develop appropriate procedures for warnings during performance evaluations for employees who fail to meet performance standards;

(8) utilize the annual strategic workforce plan, required by section 115b 1 of title 10; and

(9) ensure that adequate agency resources are allocated for the design, implementation, and administration of such system.

(d)

(A) a program to provide training to supervisors on use of the new authorities provided in this section, including the actions, options, and strategies a supervisor may use in—

(i) developing and discussing relevant goals and objectives with the employee, communicating and discussing progress relative to performance goals and objectives, and conducting performance appraisals;

(ii) mentoring and motivating employees, and improving employee performance and productivity;

(iii) fostering a work environment characterized by fairness, respect, equal opportunity, and attention to the quality of the work of employees;

(iv) effectively managing employees with unacceptable performance;

(v) addressing reports of a hostile work environment, reprisal, or harassment of or by another supervisor or employee; and

(vi) otherwise carrying out the duties and responsibilities of a supervisor;

(B) a program to provide training to supervisors on the prohibited personnel practices under section 2302 (particularly with respect to such practices described under subsections (b)(1) and (b)(8) of such section), employee collective bargaining and union participation rights, and the procedures and processes used to enforce employee rights; and

(C) a program under which experienced supervisors mentor new supervisors by—

(i) sharing knowledge and advice in areas such as communication, critical thinking, responsibility, flexibility, motivating employees, teamwork, leadership, and professional development; and

(ii) pointing out strengths and areas for development.

(2) Each supervisor shall be required to complete a program at least once every 3 years.

(e)

(1) The Secretary may bargain with a labor organization which has been accorded exclusive recognition under chapter 71 at an organizational level above the level of exclusive recognition. The decision to bargain above the level of exclusive recognition shall not be subject to review. The Secretary shall consult with the labor organization before determining the appropriate organizational level of bargaining.

(2) Any such bargaining shall—

(A) address issues that are—

(i) subject to bargaining under chapter 71 and this chapter;

(ii) applicable to multiple bargaining units; and

(iii) raised by either party to the bargaining;

(B) except as agreed by the parties or directed through an independent dispute resolution process agreed upon by the parties, be binding on all affected subordinate bargaining units of the labor organization at the level of recognition and their exclusive representatives, and the Department of Defense and its subcomponents, without regard to levels of recognition;

(C) to the extent agreed by the parties or directed through an independent dispute resolution process agreed upon by the parties, supersede conflicting provisions of all other collective bargaining agreements of the labor organization, including collective bargaining agreements negotiated with an exclusive representative at the level of recognition; and

(D) except as agreed by the parties or directed through an independent dispute resolution process agreed upon by the parties, not be subject to further negotiations for any purpose, including bargaining at the level of recognition.

(3) Any independent dispute resolution process agreed to by the parties for the purposes of paragraph (2) shall have the authority to address all issues on which the parties are unable to reach agreement.

(4) The National Guard Bureau and the Army and Air Force National Guard may be included in coverage under this subsection.

(5) Any bargaining completed pursuant to this subsection with a labor organization not otherwise having national consultation rights with the Department of Defense or its subcomponents shall not create any obligation on the Department of Defense or its subcomponents to confer national consultation rights on such a labor organization.

(f)

(1) The Secretary may establish a program within the Department of Defense under which employees may be eligible for early retirement, offered separation incentive pay to separate from service voluntarily, or both. This authority may be used to reduce the number of personnel employed by the Department of Defense or to restructure the workforce to meet mission objectives without reducing the overall number of personnel. This authority is in addition to, and notwithstanding, any other authorities established by law or regulation for such programs.

(2)(A) The Secretary may not authorize the payment of voluntary separation incentive pay under paragraph (1) to more than 25,000 employees in any fiscal year, except that employees who receive voluntary separation incentive pay as a result of a closure or realignment of a military installation under the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (title XXIX of Public Law 101–510; 10 U.S.C. 2687 note) shall not be included in that number.

(B) The Secretary shall prepare a report each fiscal year setting forth the number of employees who received such pay as a result of a closure or realignment of a military base as described under subparagraph (A).

(C) The Secretary shall submit the report under subparagraph (B) to the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Governmental Affairs of the Senate, and the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

(3) For purposes of this section, the term "employee" means an employee of the Department of Defense, serving under an appointment without time limitation, except that such term does not include—

(A) a reemployed annuitant under subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84, or another retirement system for employees of the Federal Government;

(B) an employee having a disability on the basis of which such employee is or would be eligible for disability retirement under any of the retirement systems referred to in subparagraph (A); or

(C) for purposes of eligibility for separation incentives under this section, an employee who is in receipt of a decision notice of involuntary separation for misconduct or unacceptable performance.

(4) An employee who is at least 50 years of age and has completed 20 years of service, or has at least 25 years of service, may, pursuant to regulations promulgated under this section, apply and be retired from the Department of Defense and receive benefits in accordance with chapter 83 or 84 if the employee has been employed continuously within the Department of Defense for more than 30 days before the date on which the determination to conduct a reduction or restructuring within 1 or more Department of Defense components is approved.

(5)(A) Separation pay shall be paid in a lump sum or in installments and shall be equal to the lesser of—

(i) an amount equal to the amount the employee would be entitled to receive under section 5595(c), if the employee were entitled to payment under such section; or

(ii) $25,000.

(B) Separation pay shall not be a basis for payment, and shall not be included in the computation, of any other type of Government benefit. Separation pay shall not be taken into account for the purpose of determining the amount of any severance pay to which an individual may be entitled under section 5595, based on any other separation.

(C) Separation pay, if paid in installments, shall cease to be paid upon the recipient's acceptance of employment by the Federal Government, or commencement of work under a personal services contract as described in paragraph (6).

(6)(A) An employee who receives separation pay under such program may not be reemployed by the Department of Defense for a 12-month period beginning on the effective date of the employee's separation, unless this prohibition is waived by the Secretary on a case-by-case basis.

(B) An employee who receives separation pay under this section on the basis of a separation occurring on or after the date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–226; 108 Stat. 111) and accepts employment with the Government of the United States, or who commences work through a personal services contract with the United States within 5 years after the date of the separation on which payment of the separation pay is based, shall be required to repay the entire amount of the separation pay to the Department of Defense. If the employment is with an Executive agency (as defined by section 105) other than the Department of Defense, the Director may, at the request of the head of that agency, waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. If the employment is within the Department of Defense, the Secretary may waive the repayment if the individual involved is the only qualified applicant available for the position. If the employment is with an entity in the legislative branch, the head of the entity or the appointing official may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position. If the employment is with the judicial branch, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts may waive the repayment if the individual involved possesses unique abilities and is the only qualified applicant available for the position.

(7) Under this program, early retirement and separation pay may be offered only pursuant to regulations established by the Secretary, subject to such limitations or conditions as the Secretary may require.

(g)

(1) Except as provided under paragraph (2), if an annuitant receiving an annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund becomes employed in a position within the Department of Defense, his annuity shall continue. An annuitant so reemployed shall not be considered an employee for purposes of subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84.

(2)(A) An annuitant retired under section 8336(d)(1) or 8414(b)(1)(A) receiving an annuity from the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund, who becomes employed in a position within the Department of Defense after the date of enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108–136), may elect to be subject to section 8344 or 8468 (as the case may be).

(B) An election for coverage under this paragraph shall be filed not later than the later of 90 days after the date the Department of Defense—

(i) prescribes regulations to carry out this subsection; or

(ii) takes reasonable actions to notify employees who may file an election.

(C) If an employee files an election under this paragraph, coverage shall be effective beginning on the first day of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the date of the filing of the election.

(D) Paragraph (1) shall apply to an individual who is eligible to file an election under subparagraph (A) and does not file a timely election under subparagraph (B).

(3) Benefits similar to those provided by paragraphs (1) and (2) may be extended, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the President, so as to be made available with respect to reemployed annuitants within the Department of Defense who are subject to such other retirement systems for Government employees (whose annuities are payable under authorities other than subchapter III of chapter 83 or chapter 84 of title 5) as may be provided for under such regulations.

(4) The Secretary shall prescribe regulations to carry out this subsection, excluding paragraph (3).

(h)

(1)

(A) conduct appropriately designed and statistically valid internal assessments or employee surveys to assess employee perceptions of any program, system, procedures, or other aspect of personnel management, as established or modified under authority of this section; and

(B) submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report describing the results of the assessments or surveys conducted under subparagraph (A) (including the methodology used), together with any other information which the Secretary considers appropriate.

(2)

(A) the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives;

(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

(C) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of Representatives.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1101(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1621; amended Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1106(a), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 349; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title XI, §1106, Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4617; Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §§1113(b)(1), (d), (f)(1), 1121, Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2498, 2499, 2502, 2505; Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(a)(2), title XI, §1101(c), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4368, 4382; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §§1101(a)–(c), 1102(a), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1610, 1611; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1120, Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 435.)

Section 115b of title 10, referred to in subsec. (c)(8), was repealed by Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1102(a), Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2444.

The Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(A), is part A of title XXIX of div. B of Pub. L. 101–510, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1808, which is set out as a note under section 2687 of Title 10, Armed Forces. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The date of the enactment of the Federal Workforce Restructuring Act of 1994, referred to in subsec. (f)(6)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–226, which was approved Mar. 30, 1994.

The date of the enactment of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, referred to in subsec. (g)(2)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 108–136, which was approved Nov. 24, 2003.

**2023**—Subsec. (h)(1)(B). Pub. L. 118–31, §1120(1), struck out "and the Comptroller General," after "committees of Congress".

Subsec. (h)(2), (3). Pub. L. 118–31, §1120(2), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and struck out former par. (2) which provided for review by the Comptroller General of reports under paragraph (1).

**2011**—Subsec. (a)(1)(D), (E). Pub. L. 112–81, §1101(a), added subpar. (D) and redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 111–383, §1075(a)(2), substituted "chapter" for "chapters" in two places.

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 112–81, §1101(b), added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsec. (c)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 112–81, §1101(c), added pars. (6) and (7) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (8) and (9), respectively.

Subsec. (g)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–383, §1101(c), amended directory language of Pub. L. 111–84, §1121. See 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–81, §1102(a), added subsec. (h).

**2009**—Pub. L. 111–84, §1113(f)(1), amended section catchline generally, substituting "Department of Defense personnel authorities" for "Establishment of human resources management system".

Pub. L. 111–84, §1113(b)(1), (d), added subsecs. (a) to (d), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) as (e) to (g), respectively, and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (e), (i), and (j) which, respectively, authorized the Secretary of Defense to establish and adjust the National Security Personnel System (NSPS), provided for certain requirements of the NSPS, provided for certain exceptions to the NSPS with respect to certain laboratories, enumerated nonwaivable provisions referred to in former subsec. (b)(3)(D), established limitations relating to pay, preserved certain rights of and limitations on the Secretary, and prohibited the addition of an organizational or functional unit to the NSPS that would cause the number of employees added to the NSPS to exceed 100,000 in that year.

Subsec. (g)(3), (4). Pub. L. 111–84, §1121, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, §1101(c), added par. (3), redesignated former par. (3) as (4), and, in par. (4), inserted ", excluding paragraph (3)" before period at end.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–181 amended section generally, substituting provisions relating to establishment of human resources management system for former provisions which related to, in subsec. (a), general authority of Secretary of Defense to establish and adjust a human resources management system, in subsec. (b), system requirements, in subsec. (c), personnel management at defense laboratories, in subsec. (d), nonwaivable provisions, in subsec. (e), limitations relating to pay, in subsec. (f), collaboration with employee representatives, in subsec. (g), national level bargaining, in subsec. (h), appellate procedures, in subsec. (i), separation and retirement incentives, in subsec. (j), reemployment, in subsec. (k), personnel management, in subsec. (l), phase-in of the National Security Personnel System, and, in subsec. (m), labor management relations.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 110–417 substituted "the requirements and limitations in paragraph (3)" for "the requirements of chapter 71 and the limitations in subsection (b)(3)" in par. (1), inserted ", in a manner comparable to that in which such provisions are applied under chapter 33" before period at end of par. (2), and added par. (3).

Committee on Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Tenth Congress, Jan. 5, 2007. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 6, One Hundred Sixteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2019. Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004.

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XI, §1101(d), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4382, provided that:

"(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the amendments made by this section [amending this section and provisions set out as notes preceding section 1580 and under section 4121 of Title 10, Armed Forces] shall take effect as of October 28, 2009.

"(2) The amendment made by subsection (a)(2) [amending provisions set out as a note preceding section 1580 of Title 10] shall take effect as of the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 7, 2011]."

Pub. L. 111–383, §1(b), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4137, provided that: "Any reference in this or any other Act to the 'National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011' shall be deemed to refer to the 'Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011'."

Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, §1107, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2448, as amended by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XI, §1103(a), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1629, provided that: "During the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 23, 2016] and ending on September 30, 2021, section 9902(f)(5)(A)(ii) of title 5, United States Code, shall be applied by substituting 'an amount determined by the Secretary, not to exceed $40,000' for '$25,000'."

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1102(b), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1611, which directed the Secretary of Defense to submit reports on performance management system and appointment procedures, was repealed by Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title X, §1051(q)(1), Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1565.

Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1113(a)–(g), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2498–2502, as amended by Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title X, §1075(d)(17), Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4373; Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1102(c)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1612, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) the term 'National Security Personnel System' or 'NSPS' refers to a human resources management system established under authority of section 9902 of title 5, United States Code (as in effect before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 28, 2009]); and

"(2) the term 'statutory pay system' means a pay system under—

"(A) subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code (relating to General Schedule pay rates); or

"(B) such other provisions of law as would apply if section 9902 of title 5, United States Code, had never been enacted.

"(b)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) may not be modified on or after the date of the enactment of this Act, except as necessary to implement this Act [see Tables for classification]; and

"(B) shall cease to be effective as of January 1, 2012.

"(c)

"(1)

"(A) the statutory pay system and all other aspects of the personnel system that last applied to such employee or position (as the case may be) before the National Security Personnel System applied; or

"(B) if subparagraph (A) does not apply, the statutory pay system and all other aspects of the personnel system that would have applied if the National Security Personnel System had never been established.

No employee shall suffer any loss of or decrease in pay because of the preceding sentence, and, for purposes of carrying out such preceding sentence, any determination of the system that last applied (or that would have applied) with respect to an employee or position shall take into account any modifications to such system pursuant to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of section 9902 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by subsection (d).

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(d)

"[(e) Repealed. Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1102(c)(2), Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1612.]

"(f)

"(g)

"(1)

"(A) additional personnel flexibilities and associated statutory waivers with respect to the application of the General Schedule (as defined in section 5332 of title 5, United States Code); or

"(B) additional personnel flexibilities and associated statutory waivers, which would require exemption from the application of the General Schedule (as so defined).

"(2)

"(3)

"(A) shall be developed in a manner consistent with the requirements of subsections (c) and (d) of section 9902 of title 5, United States Code, as amended by this section;

"(B) shall include a description of proposed regulations and implementing rules that the Secretary plans to adopt for the proposed system;

"(C) shall identify and provide a rationale for any statutory waiver that would be required to implement the proposed system;

"(D) shall describe the steps that the Department would take to avoid problems of the type described in the report of the Defense Business Board, dated August 2009, regarding the National Security Personnel System; and

"(E) may not provide for the waiver of any provision of law that cannot be waived under paragraph (3) of section 9902(b) of title 5, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act), and shall be subject to the requirements in paragraphs (4) and (5) of such section (as then in effect).

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

"(A) the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives;

"(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; and

"(C) the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform [now Committee on Oversight and Accountability] of the House of Representatives."

Pub. L. 110–181, div. A, title XI, §1106(b), Jan. 28, 2008, 122 Stat. 356, which related to implementation of requirements of this section as amended by Pub. L. 110–181, was repealed by Pub. L. 111–84, div. A, title XI, §1113(h)(1), Oct. 28, 2009, 123 Stat. 2503.

Pub. L. 109–13, div. A, title I, §1020, May 11, 2005, 119 Stat. 251, provided that: "None of the funds appropriated to the Department of Defense by this Act or any other Act for fiscal year 2005 or any other fiscal year may be expended for any pay raise granted on or after January 1, 2005, that is implemented in a manner that provides a greater increase for non-career employees than for career employees on the basis of their status as career or non-career employees, unless specifically authorized by law: *Provided*, That this provision shall be implemented for fiscal year 2005 without regard to the requirements of section 5383 of title 5, United States Code: *Provided further*, That no employee of the Department of Defense shall have his or her pay reduced for the purpose of complying with the requirements of this provision."

Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1111, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1634, authorized the Secretary of Defense to carry out a pilot program using an automated workforce management system to demonstrate improved efficiency in the performance of civilian personnel management and provided that the Secretary could carry out the pilot program for a period of two years beginning not later than Mar. 1, 2004.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(b)

(1) appoint personnel from outside the civil service and uniformed services (as such terms are defined in section 2101) to positions in the Department of Defense without regard to any provision of this title governing the appointment of employees to positions in the Department of Defense;

(2) prescribe the rates of basic pay for positions to which employees are appointed under paragraph (1) at rates not in excess of the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for senior-level positions under section 5376, as increased by locality-based comparability payments under section 5304, notwithstanding any provision of this title governing the rates of pay or classification of employees in the executive branch; and

(3) pay any employee appointed under paragraph (1) payments in addition to basic pay within the limits applicable to the employee under subsection (d).

(c)

(2) The Secretary may, in the case of a particular employee, extend the period to which service is limited under paragraph (1) by up to 1 additional year if the Secretary determines that such action is necessary to promote the Department of Defense's national security missions.

(d)

(A) $50,000 in fiscal year 2004, which may be adjusted annually thereafter by the Secretary, with a percentage increase equal to one-half of 1 percentage point less than the percentage by which the Employment Cost Index, published quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, for the base quarter of the year before the preceding calendar year exceeds the Employment Cost Index for the base quarter of the second year before the preceding calendar year.

(B) The amount equal to 50 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay.

For purposes of this paragraph, the term "base quarter" has the meaning given such term by section 5302(3).

(2) An employee appointed under this section is not eligible for any bonus, monetary award, or other monetary incentive for service, except for—

(A) payments authorized under this section; and

(B) in the case of an employee who is assigned in support of a contingency operation (as defined in section 101(a)(13) of title 10), allowances and any other payments authorized under chapter 59.

(3) Notwithstanding any other provision of this subsection or of section 5307, no additional payments may be paid to an employee under this section in any calendar year if, or to the extent that, the employee's total annual compensation will exceed the maximum amount of total annual compensation payable at the salary set in accordance with section 104 of title 3. In computing an employee's total annual compensation for purposes of the preceding sentence, any payment referred to in paragraph (2)(B) shall be excluded.

(e)

(f)

(1) the termination of the program does not terminate the employee's employment in that position before the expiration of the lesser of—

(A) the period for which the employee was appointed; or

(B) the period to which the employee's service is limited under subsection (c), including any extension made under this section before the termination of the program; and

(2) the rate of basic pay prescribed for the position under this section may not be reduced as long as the employee continues to serve in the position without a break in service.

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1101(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1632; amended Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1105, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1612.)

**2011**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 112–81, §1105(1), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "An employee appointed under this section is not eligible for any bonus, monetary award, or other monetary incentive for service except for payments authorized under this section."

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 112–81, §1105(2), inserted at end "In computing an employee's total annual compensation for purposes of the preceding sentence, any payment referred to in paragraph (2)(B) shall be excluded."

For reference to maximum rate under section 5376 of this title, see section 2(d)(3) of Pub. L. 110–372, set out as an Effective Date of 2008 Amendment note under section 5376 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title XI, §1105, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1973, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 112–81, div. A, title XI, §1124, Dec. 31, 2011, 125 Stat. 1618, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

Pub. L. 111–383, div. A, title XI, §1102, Jan. 7, 2011, 124 Stat. 4382, provided that:

"(a)

"(1) hired as highly qualified experts under section 9903 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(2) required to comply with all applicable Federal laws and regulations on personnel and ethics matters.

"(b)

The Secretary may provide to certain civilian employees of the Department of Defense assigned to activities outside the United States as determined by the Secretary to be in support of Department of Defense activities abroad hazardous to life or health or so specialized because of security requirements as to be clearly distinguishable from normal Government employment—

(1) allowances and benefits—

(A) comparable to those provided by the Secretary of State to members of the Foreign Service under chapter 9 of title I of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–465, 22 U.S.C. 4081 et seq.) or any other provision of law; or

(B) comparable to those provided by the Director of Central Intelligence to personnel of the Central Intelligence Agency; and

(2) special retirement accrual benefits and disability in the same manner provided for by the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act (50 U.S.C. 2001 et seq.) and in section 18 of the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. 403r).1

(Added Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, §1101(a)(1), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1633.)

The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in par. (1)(A), is Pub. L. 96–465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071. Chapter 9 of title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter IX (§4081 et seq.) of chapter 52 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of Title 22 and Tables.

The Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, referred to in par. (2), is act June 20, 1949, ch. 227, 63 Stat. 208, which was formerly classified generally to section 403a et seq. of Title 50, War and National Defense, prior to editorial reclassification in Title 50, and is now classified generally to chapter 46 (§3501 et seq.) of Title 50. Section 18 of the Act is now classified to section 3518 of Title 50. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the intelligence community deemed to be a reference to the Director of National Intelligence. Reference to the Director of Central Intelligence or the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency in the Director's capacity as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency deemed to be a reference to the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. See section 1081(a), (b) of Pub. L. 108–458, set out as a note under section 3001 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) Any position involved with Department maintenance activities, including depot-level maintenance and repair.

(2) Any cyber workforce position.

(3) Any individual in the acquisition workforce that manages any services contracts necessary to the operation and maintenance of programs of the Department.

(4) Any science, technology, or engineering position, including any such position at the Major Range and Test Facilities Base, in order to allow development of new systems and provide for the maintenance of legacy systems.

(5) Any scientific, technical, engineering, or mathematics positions, including technicians, within the defense acquisition workforce, or any category of acquisition positions within the Department designated by the Secretary as a shortage or critical need category.

(6) Any scientific, technical, engineering, or mathematics position, except any such position within any defense Scientific and Technology Reinvention Laboratory, for which a qualified candidate is required to possess a bachelor's degree or an advanced degree, or for which a veteran candidate is being considered.

(7) Any category of medical or health professional positions within the Department designated by the Secretary as a shortage category or critical need occupation.

(8) Any childcare services position for which there is a critical hiring need and a shortage of childcare providers.

(9) Any financial management, accounting, auditing, actuarial, cost estimation, operational research, or business or business administration position for which a qualified candidate is required to possess a finance, accounting, management or actuarial science degree or a related degree, or a related degree of equivalent experience.

(10) Any position, as determined by the Secretary, for the purpose of assisting and facilitating the efforts of the Department in business transformation and management innovation.

(11) Any position in the military housing office of a military installation whose primary function is supervision of military housing covered by subchapter IV of chapter 169 of title 10.

(12) Any position in support of aircraft operations for which the Secretary determines there is a critical hiring need or shortage of candidates.

(13) Any position in support of the safety of the public, law enforcement, or first response for which the Secretary determines there is a critical hiring need or shortage of candidates.

(14) Any position in support of Special Inspector General for Operation Atlantic Resolve for which the Secretary determines there is a critical hiring need and shortage of candidates.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1) Sections 1599c(a)(2) and 1705(h) of title 10.

(2) Sections 1112 and 1113 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 129 Stat. 1033).

(3) Sections 1110 and 1643(a)(3) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 130 Stat. 2450 and 2602).

(4) Sections 559 and 1101 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1406 and 1627).

(Added Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title XI, §1101(a), Aug. 13, 2018, 132 Stat. 2000; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. A, title XI, §1109(a), Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 1598; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, §1117, Jan. 1, 2021, 134 Stat. 3897; Pub. L. 118–31, div. A, title XI, §1104, title XII, §1250B(i), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 427, 467.)

Sections 1112 and 1113 of Pub. L. 114–92, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), are sections 1112 and 1113 of Pub. L. 114–92, div. A, title XI, Nov. 25, 2015, 129 Stat. 1033, which are set out as notes under section 1701 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

Sections 1110 and 1643(a)(3) of Pub. L. 114–328, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), are section 1110 of Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XI, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2450, which is set out as a note preceding section 1580 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 1643(a)(3) of Pub. L. 114–328, div. A, title XVI, Dec. 23, 2016, 130 Stat. 2602, which is set out in a note under section 1599f of Title 10.

Sections 559 and 1101 of Pub. L. 115–91, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), are section 559 of Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title V, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1406, which is set out as a note under section 1792 of Title 10, Armed Forces, and section 1101 of Pub. L. 115–91, div. A, title XI, Dec. 12, 2017, 131 Stat. 1627, which is set out as a note preceding section 1580 of Title 10.

**2023**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–31, §1104(1), inserted ", 3307," after "3303".

Subsec. (a)(12), (13). Pub. L. 118–31, §1104(2), added pars. (12) and (13).

Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 118–31, §1250B(i)(1), added par. (14).

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 118–31, §1250B(i)(2), substituted "September 30, 2030" for "September 30, 2025".

**2021**—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 116–283 added par. (11).

**2019**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 116–92, §1109(a)(1)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: "Any position involved with cybersecurity."

Subsec. (a)(5) to (10). Pub. L. 116–92, §1109(a)(1)(B), added pars. (5) to (10).

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 116–92, §1109(a)(2), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and struck out former subsec. (b) which provided that effective on Sept. 30, 2025, the authority provided under subsec. (a) would expire.


For purposes of this chapter—

(1) the term "Agency" means the Federal Emergency Management Agency;

(2) the term "Administrator" means the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency;

(3) the term "appropriate committees of Congress" has the meaning given the term in section 602 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006;

(4) the term "Department" means the Department of Homeland Security; and

(5) the term "Surge Capacity Force" refers to the Surge Capacity Force, described under section 624 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006.

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1411.)

Section 602 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, referred to in par. (3), is classified to section 701 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Section 624 of the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006, referred to in par. (5), is classified to section 711 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

Any reference to the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency in title VI of Pub. L. 109–295 or an amendment by title VI to be considered to refer and apply to the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency until Mar. 31, 2007, see section 612(f)(2) of Pub. L. 109–295, set out as a note under section 313 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

(a)

(b)

(1) a workforce gap analysis, including an assessment of—

(A) the critical skills and competencies that will be needed in the workforce of the Agency to support the mission and responsibilities of, and effectively manage, the Agency during the 10-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this chapter;

(B) the skills and competencies of the workforce of the Agency on the day before the date of enactment of this chapter and projected trends in that workforce, based on expected losses due to retirement and other attrition; and

(C) the staffing levels of each category of employee, including gaps in the workforce of the Agency on the day before the date of enactment of this chapter and in the projected workforce of the Agency that should be addressed to ensure that the Agency has continued access to the critical skills and competencies described in subparagraph (A);

(2) a plan of action for developing and reshaping the workforce of the Agency to address the gaps in critical skills and competencies identified under paragraph (1)(C), including—

(A) specific recruitment and retention goals, including the use of the bonus authorities under this chapter as well as other bonus authorities (including the program objective of the Agency to be achieved through such goals);

(B) specific strategies for developing, training, deploying, compensating, and motivating and retaining the Agency workforce and its ability to fulfill the Agency's mission and responsibilities (including the program objectives of the Department and the Agency to be achieved through such strategies);

(C) specific strategies for recruiting individuals who have served in multiple State agencies with emergency management responsibilities; and

(D) specific strategies for the development, training, and coordinated and rapid deployment of the Surge Capacity Force; and

(3) a discussion that—

(A) details the number of employees of the Department not employed by the Agency serving in the Surge Capacity Force and the qualifications or credentials of such individuals;

(B) details the number of individuals not employed by the Department serving in the Surge Capacity Force and the qualifications or credentials of such individuals;

(C) describes the training given to the Surge Capacity Force during the calendar year preceding the year of submission of the plan under subsection (c);

(D) states whether the Surge Capacity Force is able to adequately prepare for, respond to, and recover from natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other man-made disasters, including catastrophic incidents; and

(E) describes any additional authorities or resources necessary to address any deficiencies in the Surge Capacity Force.

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1412.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–295, which was approved Oct. 4, 2006.

(a)

(1) ensure that appropriate career paths for personnel of the Agency are identified, including the education, training, experience, and assignments necessary for career progression within the Agency; and

(2) publish information on the career paths described in paragraph (1).

(b)

(c)

(1) the need for such personnel to serve in career enhancing positions; and

(2) the need to require service in a position for a sufficient period of time to provide the stability necessary—

(A) to carry out the duties of that position; and

(B) for responsibility and accountability for actions taken in that position.

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1413.)

Section 844 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, referred to in subsec. (b), is classified to section 414 of Title 6, Domestic Security.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1) the period of service the individual shall be required to complete in return for the bonus; and

(2) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed, and the effect of the termination.

(d)

(1) a position to which an individual is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate;

(2) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as defined in section 3132(a)); or

(3) a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character.

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) the number and dollar amount of bonuses paid to individuals holding positions within each pay grade, pay level, or other pay classification; and

(B) a determination of the extent to which such bonuses furthered the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1414.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–295, which was approved Oct. 4, 2006.

(a)

(1) the unusually high or unique qualifications of the employee or a special need of the Agency for the employee's services makes it essential to retain the employee; and

(2) the Administrator determines that, in the absence of such a bonus, the employee would be likely to leave—

(A) the Federal service; or

(B) for a different position in the Federal service.

(b)

(1) the period of service the individual shall be required to complete in return for the bonus; and

(2) the conditions under which the agreement may be terminated before the agreed-upon service period has been completed, and the effect of the termination.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(1) may not be based on any period of service which is the basis for a recruitment bonus under section 10104;

(2) may not be paid to an individual who is appointed to or holds—

(A) a position to which an individual is appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate;

(B) a position in the Senior Executive Service as a noncareer appointee (as defined in section 3132(a)); or

(C) a position which has been excepted from the competitive service by reason of its confidential, policy-determining, policy-making, or policy-advocating character; and

(3) upon completion of the strategic human capital plan, shall be paid in accordance with that plan.

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) the number and dollar amount of bonuses paid to individuals holding positions within each pay grade, pay level, or other pay classification; and

(B) a determination of the extent to which such bonuses furthered the purposes of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1414.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–295, which was approved Oct. 4, 2006.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) vacancies of each category of employee position;

(B) the number of applicants for each vacancy for which public notice has been given;

(C) the length of time that each vacancy has been pending;

(D) hiring-cycle time for each vacancy that has been filled; and

(E) a plan for reducing the hiring-cycle time and reducing the current and anticipated vacancies with highly-qualified personnel.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 109–295, title VI, §621(a), Oct. 4, 2006, 120 Stat. 1416.)

The date of enactment of this chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1) and (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–295, which was approved Oct. 4, 2006.


In this chapter—

(1) the term "member" means an employee of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division having the authorities described under section 3056A(b) of title 18;

(2) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security; and

(3) the term "United States Secret Service Uniformed Division" has the meaning given that term under section 3056A of title 18.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3033.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

Pub. L. 111–282, §1(b), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3033, provided that: "The purpose of this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] is to transfer statutory entitlements to pay and hours of work authorized by laws codified in the District of Columbia Official Code for current members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division from such laws to the United States Code."

Pub. L. 111–282, §3, Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3038, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(A)

"(B)

"(i)

"Full Years of Creditable Service | Step Assigned Upon Conversion |
---|---|

0 | 1 |

1 | 2 |

2 | 3 |

3 | 4 |

5 | 5 |

7 | 6 |

9 | 7 |

11 | 8 |

13 | 9 |

15 | 10 |

17 | 11 |

19 | 12 |

22 | 13 |


"(ii)

"(iii)

"(I)

"(aa) the rate of pay for step 13 under the new salary schedule; or

"(bb) the rate of pay for step 14 under the pay schedule in effect immediately before conversion.

"(II)

"(iv)

"(I)

"(II)

"(III)

"(2)

"(3)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) the conversion of positions and members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division to appropriate ranks in the salary schedule set forth in this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] and the amendments made by this Act shall not be treated as an increase in the salary of individuals who are members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 2010]; and

"(B) any adjustment of rates of basic pay of those positions and individuals in accordance with this Act and the amendments made by this Act which is made after such conversion shall be treated as an increase in the salary of individuals who are members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division on the date of the enactment of this Act.

"(2)

Pub. L. 111–282, §4(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3041, provided that: "To the extent that any provision of any law codified in the District of Columbia Official Code that authorizes an entitlement to pay or hours of work for current members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division is not expressly revoked by this Act [see Short Title of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], such provision shall not apply to such members after the effective date of this Act [see Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note set out under section 5102 of this title]."

(a)

(1) fix and adjust rates of basic pay for members of the United States Secret Service Uniformed Division, subject to the requirements of this chapter;

(2) determine what constitutes an acceptable level of competence for the purposes of section 10205;

(3) establish and determine the positions at the Officer and Sergeant ranks to be included as technician positions; and

(4) determine the rate of basic pay of a member who is changed or demoted to a lower rank, in accordance with section 10208.

(b) 1 this chapter.

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3034.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

Rank | Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | Step 4 | Step 5 | Step 6 | Step 7 | Step 8 | Step 9 | Step 10 | Step 11 | Step 12 | Step 13 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|

Officer | $44,000 | $46,640 | $49,280 | $51,920 | $54,560 | $57,200 | $59,840 | $62,480 | $65,120 | $67,760 | $70,400 | $73,040 | $75,680 |

Sergeant | 59,708 | 62,744 | 65,780 | 68,816 | 71,852 | 74,888 | 77,924 | 80,960 | 83,996 | 87,032 | |||

Lieutenant | 69,018 | 72,358 | 75,698 | 79,038 | 82,378 | 85,718 | 89,058 | 92,398 | 95,738 | ||||

Captain | 79,594 | 83,268 | 86,942 | 90,616 | 94,290 | 97,964 | 101,638 | 105,312 | |||||

Inspector | 91,533 | 95,758 | 99,983 | 104,208 | 108,433 | 112,658 | 116,883 | 121,108 | |||||

Deputy Chief | |||||||||||||

(12)The rate of basic pay for Deputy Chief positions will be equal to 95 percent of the rate of pay for level V of the Executive Schedule. | |||||||||||||

Assistant Chief | |||||||||||||

(12)The rate of basic pay 1 the Assistant Chief position will be equal to 95 percent of the rate of pay for level V of the Executive Schedule. |
|||||||||||||

Chief | |||||||||||||

(12)The rate of basic pay 1 the Chief position will be equal to the rate of pay for level V of the Executive Schedule. |


1 So in original. Probably should be followed by "for".

(b)

(1)(A) Effective at the beginning of the first pay period commencing on or after the first day of the month in which an adjustment in the rates of basic pay under the General Schedule takes effect under section 5303 or other authority, the schedule of annual rates of basic pay of members (except the Deputy Chiefs, Assistant Chief and Chief) shall be adjusted by the Secretary by a percentage amount corresponding to the percentage adjustment made in the rates of pay under the General Schedule.

(B) The Secretary may establish a methodology of schedule adjustment that—

(i) results in uniform fixed-dollar step increments within any given rank; and

(ii) preserves the established percentage differences among rates of different ranks at the same step position.

(2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the payable annual rate of basic pay for positions at the Lieutenant, Captain, and Inspector ranks after adjustment under paragraph (1) may not exceed 95 percent of the rate of pay for level V of the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53.

(3) Locality-based comparability payments authorized under section 5304 shall be applicable to the basic pay for all ranks under this section, except locality-based comparability payments may not be paid at a rate which, when added to the rate of basic pay otherwise payable to the member, would cause the total to exceed the rate of basic pay payable for level IV of the Executive Schedule.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3034.)

Levels IV and V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b)(2), (3), are set out in sections 5315 and 5316, respectively, of this title.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(A), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3036.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1) Each member in service step 1, 2, or 3 shall be advanced successively to the next higher service step at the beginning of the first pay period immediately following the completion of 52 calendar weeks of active service in the member's service step.

(2) Each member in service step 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11 shall be advanced successively to the next higher service step at the beginning of the first pay period immediately following the completion of 104 calendar weeks of active service in the member's service step.

(3) Each member in service step 12 shall be advanced successively to the next higher service step at the beginning of the first pay period immediately following the completion of 156 calendar weeks of active service in the member's service step.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3036.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

(2) A member described in this subsection shall receive the additional compensation authorized by this subsection until such time as the member's position is determined under section 10202(a)(3) not to be a technician position, or until the member no longer occupies such position, whichever occurs first.

(3) The additional compensation authorized by this subsection shall be paid to a member in the same manner and at the same time as the member's basic pay is paid.

(b)

(2) The additional compensation authorized by subsection (a)(1) shall not be considered as basic pay for the purposes of—

(A) section 5304; or

(B) section 7511(a)(4).

(3) The loss of the additional compensation authorized by subsection (a)(1) shall not constitute an adverse action for the purposes of section 7512.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3037.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3037.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

When a member is changed or demoted from any rank to a lower rank, the Secretary may fix the member's rate of basic pay at the rate of pay for any step in the lower rank which does not exceed the lowest step in the lower rank for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than the member's existing rate of basic pay.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3037.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3037.)

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.

Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of this chapter, the Secretary shall prepare and transmit to Congress a report on the operation of this chapter. The report shall include—

(1) an assessment of the effectiveness of this chapter with respect to efforts of the Secretary to recruit and retain well-qualified personnel; and

(2) recommendations for any legislation or administrative action which the Secretary considers appropriate.

(Added Pub. L. 111–282, §2(a), Oct. 15, 2010, 124 Stat. 3038.)

The date of the enactment of this chapter, referred to in text, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–282, which was approved Oct. 15, 2010.

Section effective on first day of first pay period which begins after Oct. 15, 2010, see section 5 of Pub. L. 111–282, set out as an Effective Date of 2010 Amendment note under section 5102 of this title.


**2021**—Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5314(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2366, which directed the addition of item 10302 to this analysis, as added by section "10312(b)" of Pub. L. 117–81, was not executed to reflect the probable intent of Congress, as identical item 10302 already appeared in this analysis, as added by section 5312(b) of Pub. L. 117–81.

To ensure that individuals who have separated from the Department of State or the United States Agency for International Development and who are eligible for reappointment are aware of such opportunities, the Department of State and the United States Agency for International Development shall publicize notice of all employment opportunities, including positions for which the relevant agency is accepting applications from individuals within the agency's workforce under merit promotion procedures, on publicly accessible sites, including www.usajobs.gov. If using merit promotion procedures, the notice shall expressly state that former employees eligible for reinstatement may apply.

(Added Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5312(b), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2365.)

Any consulting service obtained by the Department of State through procurement contract pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, shall be limited to those contracts with respect to which expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except if otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive order issued pursuant to existing law.

(Added Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5314(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2366.)

Pub. L. 117–81, div. E, title LIII, §5314(a), Dec. 27, 2021, 135 Stat. 2366, which directed addition of this section at the end of chapter 103 of title 5, as added by section 10312 of Pub. L. 117–81, was executed by making the addition at the end of chapter 103 as added by section 5312(b) of Pub. L. 117–81, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.


(a)

(1) in accordance with this section; and

(2) not later than the earlier of—

(A) the date that is 5 years after the date of the enactment of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016; or

(B) the date on which the backlog of overdue periodic reinvestigations of covered individuals is eliminated, as determined by the Director of National Intelligence.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) information relating to any criminal or civil legal proceeding;

(B) financial information relating to the covered individual, including the credit worthiness of the covered individual;

(C) publicly available information, whether electronic, printed, or other form, including relevant security or counterintelligence information about the covered individual or information that may suggest ill intent, vulnerability to blackmail, compulsive behavior, allegiance to another country, change in ideology, or that the covered individual lacks good judgment, reliability, or trustworthiness; and

(D) data maintained on any terrorist or criminal watch list maintained by any agency, State or local government, or international organization.

(c)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(d)

(1) the term "agency" has the meaning given that term in section 3001 of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 3341);

(2) the term "consumer reporting agency" has the meaning given that term in section 603 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a);

(3) the term "covered individual" means an individual employed by an agency or a contractor of an agency who has been determined eligible for access to classified information or eligible to hold a sensitive position; and

(4) the term "enhanced personnel security program" means a program implemented by an agency at the direction of the Director of National Intelligence under subsection (a).

(Added Pub. L. 114–113, div. M, title III, §306(a)(1), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2914; amended Pub. L. 116–92, div. E, title LXVII, §6711, Dec. 20, 2019, 133 Stat. 2225; Pub. L. 118–31, div. G, title III, §7327(b), Dec. 22, 2023, 137 Stat. 1044.)

The date of the enactment of the Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is the date of enactment of div. M of Pub. L. 114–113, which was approved Dec. 18, 2015.

**2023**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31, §7327(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which provided for review by the Inspector General of each agency of the enhanced personnel security program.

Subsec. (d)(3), (4). Pub. L. 118–31, §7327(b)(2), inserted "and" after the semicolon at end of par. (3) and substituted a period for "; and" at end of par. (4).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–31, §7327(b)(1)(B), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d).

**2019**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–92 substituted "Review" for "Audit" in heading and "review" for "audit" in text of pars. (1) and (2).

Pub. L. 114–113, div. M, title III, §306(b), Dec. 18, 2015, 129 Stat. 2916, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) use a risk-based approach to—

"(i) identify high-risk populations; and

"(ii) prioritize reinvestigations that are due or overdue to be conducted; and

"(B) use random automated record checks of covered individuals that shall include all covered individuals in the pool of individuals subject to a one-time check.

"(3)

"(A) The term 'covered individual' means an individual who has been determined eligible for access to classified information or eligible to hold a sensitive position.

"(B) The term 'periodic reinvestigations' has the meaning given such term in section 3001(a)(7) of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (50 U.S.C. 3341(a)(7))."





Pub. L. 117–286, §6, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4360, provided that: "A Federal statute providing that title 5 of the United States Code as a whole is inapplicable, or providing that an appointment may be made without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing appointment in the competitive service, shall not affect the application of any provision of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code."

Pub. L. 112–105, §10, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 298, provided that: "Nothing in this Act [see Tables for classification], the amendments made by this Act, or the interpretive guidance to be issued pursuant to sections 3 and 9[(a)] of this Act [set out below], shall be construed to—

"(1) impair or limit the construction of the antifraud provisions of the securities laws or the Commodity Exchange Act [7 U.S.C. 1 et seq.] or the authority of the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission under those provisions;

"(2) be in derogation of the obligations, duties, and functions of a Member of Congress, an employee of Congress, an executive branch employee, a judicial officer, or a judicial employee, arising from such person's official position; or

"(3) be in derogation of existing laws, regulations, or ethical obligations governing Members of Congress, employees of Congress, executive branch employees, judicial officers, or judicial employees."

[For definitions of terms used in section 10 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a note under section 13101 of this title.]

Pub. L. 112–105, §3, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 292, provided that: "The Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives shall issue interpretive guidance of the relevant rules of each chamber, including rules on conflicts of interest and gifts, clarifying that a Member of Congress and an employee of Congress may not use nonpublic information derived from such person's position as a Member of Congress or employee of Congress or gained from the performance of such person's official responsibilities as a means for making a private profit."

[For definitions of terms used in section 3 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a note under section 13101 of this title.]

Pub. L. 112–105, §9(a), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 297, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

[For definitions of terms used in section 9(a) of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a note under section 13101 of this title.]

In this subchapter:

(1)

(2)

(A) is unmarried and under age 21 and is living in the household of such reporting individual; or

(B) is a dependent of such reporting individual within the meaning of section 152 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 152).

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) bequest and other forms of inheritance;

(B) suitable mementos of a function honoring the reporting individual;

(C) food, lodging, transportation, and entertainment provided by a foreign government within a foreign country or by the United States Government, the District of Columbia, or a State or local government or political subdivision thereof;

(D) food and beverages which are not consumed in connection with a gift of overnight lodging;

(E) communications to the offices of a reporting individual, including subscriptions to newspapers and periodicals; or

(F) consumable products provided by home-State businesses to the offices of a reporting individual who is an elected official, if those products are intended for consumption by persons other than such reporting individual.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(A) the Architect of the Capitol;

(B) the Botanic Gardens;

(C) the Congressional Budget Office;

(D) the Government Accountability Office;

(E) the Government Publishing Office;

(F) the Library of Congress;

(G) the United States Capitol Police;

(H) the Office of Technology Assessment; and

(I) any other agency, entity, office, or commission established in the legislative branch.

(12)

(13)

(A) each officer or employee of the legislative branch (except any officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office) who, for at least 60 days, occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule;

(B) each officer or employee of the Government Accountability Office who, for at least 60 consecutive days, occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay, minus the amount of locality pay that would have been authorized under section 5304 of this title (had the officer or employee been paid under the General Schedule) for the locality within which the position of such officer or employee is located (as determined by the Comptroller General), is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; and

(C) at least one principal assistant designated for purposes of this paragraph by each Member who does not have an employee who occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule.

(14)

(15)

(A) provided by the United States Government, the District of Columbia, or a State or local government or political subdivision thereof;

(B) required to be reported by the reporting individual under section 7342 of this title; or

(C) required to be reported under section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104).

(16)

(17)

(A) the Secretary of Commerce, with respect to matters concerning the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;

(B) the Secretary of Health and Human Services, with respect to matters concerning the Public Health Service; and

(C) the Secretary of State, with respect to matters concerning the Foreign Service.

(18)

(A) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate, for Senators, officers and employees of the Senate, and other officers or employees of the legislative branch required to file financial disclosure reports with the Secretary of the Senate pursuant to section 13105(h) of this title;

(B) the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives, for Members, officers and employees of the House of Representatives and other officers or employees of the legislative branch required to file financial disclosure reports with the Clerk of the House of Representatives pursuant to section 13105(h) of this title;

(C) the Judicial Conference for judicial officers and judicial employees; and

(D) the Office of Government Ethics for all executive branch officers and employees.

(19)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4266.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13101 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §109) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §109, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1836; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1741; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (8), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 155; Pub. L. 102–378, §4(a)(2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357; Pub. L. 102–572, title IX, §902(b)(2), Oct. 29, 1992, 106 Stat. 4516; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title XI, §1182(d)(3), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1773; Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title IX, §924(d)(3), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2832; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §216(2), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 105–368, title V, §512(b)(1)(D), Nov. 11, 1998, 112 Stat. 3342; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 110–323, §7, Sept. 22, 2008, 122 Stat. 3547; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537. |


In paragraphs (1) and (18)(B), the words "Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives" are substituted for "Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives" because of House Resolution No. 5, 112th Congress, Jan. 5, 2011.

In paragraph (6), the words "The term 'honoraria' means the plural of 'honorarium' as defined in section 13141 of this title" are substituted for "the term 'honoraria' has the meaning given such term in section 505 of this Act" for clarity. In the source law, the plural form "honoraria" is defined in section 109 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, but the singular form "honorarium" is defined in section 505 of the Act.

The General Schedule, referred to in pars. (9) and (13), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–125, §1, May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1205, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Courthouse Ethics and Transparency Act'."

Pub. L. 112–105, §1, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 291, as amended by Pub. L. 115–277, §1(a), Nov. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 4167, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act' or the 'STOCK Act'."

Pub. L. 110–24, §1, May 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 100, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Judicial Disclosure Responsibility Act'."

Pub. L. 107–119, §1, Jan. 15, 2002, 115 Stat. 2382, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Office of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 2001'."

Pub. L. 104–179, §1, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1566, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Office of Government Ethics Authorization Act of 1996'."

Pub. L. 102–506, §1, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3280, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Office of Government Ethics Amendment of 1992'."

Pub. L. 101–334, §1, July 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 318, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Ethics in Government Act Amendment of 1990'."

Pub. L. 101–194, §1, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1716, provided that: "This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Ethics Reform Act of 1989'."

Pub. L. 95–521, §1, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1824, provided: "That this Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the 'Ethics in Government Act of 1978'."

Pub. L. 102–90, title III, §314(f), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 470, provided that: "The provisions of this section [see Tables for classification] that are applicable to Members, officers, or employees of the legislative branch are enacted by the Congress—

"(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such they shall be considered as part of the rules of each House, respectively, or of that House to which they specifically apply, and such rules shall supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and

"(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change such rules (so far as relating to such House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of such House."

Pub. L. 101–194, title X, §1001, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1781, provided that: "The provisions of this Act [see Tables for classification] that are applicable to Members, officers, or employees of the legislative branch are enacted by the Congress—

"(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such they shall be considered as part of the rules of each House, respectively, or of that House to which they specifically apply, and such rules shall supersede other rules only to the extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and

"(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of either House to change such rules (so far as relating to such House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent as in the case of any other rule of such House."

Pub. L. 112–105, §2, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 291, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(11), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354, provided that: "In this Act [see Tables for classification]:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) any individual (other than a Member of Congress), whose compensation is disbursed by the Secretary of the Senate or the Chief Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives; and

"(B) any other officer or employee of the legislative branch (as defined in section 13101(11) of title 5, United States Code).

"(3)

"(A) has the meaning given the term 'employee' under section 2105 of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) includes—

"(i) the President;

"(ii) the Vice President; and

"(iii) an employee of the United States Postal Service or the Postal Regulatory Commission.

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

[Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(11), which directed amendment of section 2 of the "Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–105, 126 Stat. 291, 5 U.S.C. App. 101 note)", was executed to section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, known as the "Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act" or the "STOCK Act", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

(a)

(1) the Director of the Office of Government Ethics, the designated agency ethics official, or the Secretary concerned, as appropriate, with regard to officers and employees described in paragraphs (1) through (8) of section 13103(f) of this title;

(2) the Select Committee on Ethics of the Senate and the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives, as appropriate, with regard to officers and employees described in paragraphs (9) and (10) of section 13103(f) of this title; and

(3) the Judicial Conference in the case of an officer or employee described in paragraphs (11) and (12) of section 13103(f) of this title.

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4270.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13102 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §111) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §111, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1744; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (9), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 157. |


In subsection (a)(2), the words "Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives" are substituted for "Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives" because of House Resolution No. 5, 112th Congress, January 5, 2011.

Pub. L. 101–194, title IX, §902, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1780, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(17), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4356, provided that:

"(a) The Select Committee on Ethics shall transmit a copy of each report filed with it under subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, (other than a report filed by a Member of Congress) to the head of the employing office of the individual filing the report.

"(b) For purposes of this section, the head of the employing office shall be—

"(A) in the case of an employee of a Member, the Member by whom that person is employed;

"(B) in the case of an employee of a Committee, the chairman and ranking minority member of such Committee;

"(C) in the case of an employee on the leadership staff, the Member of the leadership on whose staff such person serves; and

"(D) in the case of any other employee of the legislative branch, the head of the office in which such individual serves."

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1) the President;

(2) the Vice President;

(3) each officer or employee in the executive branch, including a special Government employee, as defined in section 202 of title 18, who occupies a position classified above GS–15 of the General Schedule or, in the case of positions not under the General Schedule, for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; each member of a uniformed service whose pay grade is at or in excess of O–7 under section 201 of title 37; and each officer or employee in any other position determined by the Director of the Office of Government Ethics to be of equal classification;

(4) each employee appointed pursuant to section 3105 of this title;

(5) any employee not described in paragraph (3) who is in a position in the executive branch which is excepted from the competitive service by reason of being of a confidential or policymaking character, except that the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may, by regulation, exclude from the application of this paragraph any individual, or group of individuals, who are in such positions, but only in cases in which the Director determines such exclusion would not affect adversely the integrity of the Government or the public's confidence in the integrity of the Government;

(6) the Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, each Governor of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service and each officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or Postal Regulatory Commission who occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule;

(7) the Director of the Office of Government Ethics and each designated agency ethics official;

(8) any civilian employee not described in paragraph (3), employed in the Executive Office of the President (other than a special Government employee) who holds a commission of appointment from the President;

(9) a Member of Congress as defined in section 13101 of this title;

(10) an officer or employee of the Congress as defined in section 13101 of this title;

(11) a judicial officer as defined in section 13101 of this title; and

(12) a judicial employee as defined in section 13101 of this title.

(g)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) the last day of the individual's service in such area during such designated period; or

(ii) the last day of the individual's hospitalization as a result of injury received or disease contracted while serving in such area.

(B)

(h)

(1) the report required by subsections (a) and (b) shall be filed within 15 days of the 60th day; and

(2) the report required by subsection (e) shall be filed as provided in that subsection.

(i)

(1) such individual is not a full-time employee of the Government;

(2) such individual is able to provide services specially needed by the Government;

(3) it is unlikely that the individual's outside employment or financial interests will create a conflict of interest; and

(4) public financial disclosure by such individual is not necessary in the circumstances.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4270.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13103 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §101) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §101, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1824; Pub. L. 96–19, §§2(a)(1), (b), (c)(1), 4(b)(1), (d)–(f), 5, June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 37, 38, 40; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1725; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (2), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 102–25, title VI, §605(a), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 110; Pub. L. 102–378, §4(a)(1), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1356; Pub. L. 109–435, title VI, §604(c), Dec. 20, 2006, 120 Stat. 3241. |


In subsection (c), the words "section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101)" are substituted for "section 301 of the Federal Campaign Act of 1971" for clarity and to correct an error in the law.

In subsection (f)(8), the words "special Government employee" are substituted for "special government employee" to correct an error in the law.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (f)(3), (6), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Pub. L. 112–105, §17, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 303, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(12), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354, provided that:

"(a)

"(b)

[Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(12), which directed amendment of section 17(a) of the "Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–105, 126 Stat. 303, 5 U.S.C. App. 101 note)", was executed to section 17(a) of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, known as the "Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act" or the "STOCK Act", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[For definition of "supervising ethics office" as used in section 17 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a note under section 13101 of this title.]

(a)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(i) not more than $1,000;

(ii) greater than $1,000 but not more than $2,500;

(iii) greater than $2,500 but not more than $5,000;

(iv) greater than $5,000 but not more than $15,000;

(v) greater than $15,000 but not more than $50,000;

(vi) greater than $50,000 but not more than $100,000;

(vii) greater than $100,000 but not more than $1,000,000;

(viii) greater than $1,000,000 but not more than $5,000,000; or

(ix) greater than $5,000,000.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(3)

(4)

(A) any mortgage secured by real property which is a personal residence of the reporting individual or the individual's spouse, except that this exception shall not apply to a reporting individual—

(i) described in paragraph (1), (2), or (9) of 13103(f) of this title;

(ii) described in section 13103(b) of this title who has been nominated for appointment as an officer or employee in the executive branch described in subsection (f) of that section, other than—

(I) an individual appointed to a position—

(aa) as a Foreign Service Officer below the rank of ambassador; or

(bb) in the uniformed services for which the pay grade prescribed by section 201 of title 37 is O–6 or below; or

(II) a special Government employee, as defined under section 202 of title 18; or

(iii) described in section 13103(f) of this title who is in a position in the executive branch the appointment to which is made by the President and requires advice and consent of the Senate, other than—

(I) an individual appointed to a position—

(aa) as a Foreign Service Officer below the rank of ambassador; or

(bb) in the uniformed services for which the pay grade prescribed by section 201 of title 37 is O–6 or below; or

(II) a special Government employee, as defined under section 202 of title 18; and

(B) any loan secured by a personal motor vehicle, household furniture, or appliances, which loan does not exceed the purchase price of the item which secures it.

With respect to revolving charge accounts, only those with an outstanding liability which exceeds $10,000 as of the close of the preceding calendar year need be reported under this paragraph.

(5)

(A) in real property, other than property used solely as a personal residence of the reporting individual or the individual's spouse; or

(B) in stocks, bonds, commodities futures, and other forms of securities.

Reporting is not required under this paragraph of any transaction solely by and between the reporting individual, the individual's spouse, or dependent children.

(6)

(A)

(B)

(i) the identity of each source of such compensation; and

(ii) a brief description of the nature of the duties performed or services rendered by the reporting individual for each such source.

The preceding sentence shall not require any individual to include in such report any information which is considered confidential as a result of a privileged relationship, established by law, between such individual and any person, nor shall it require an individual to report any information with respect to any person for whom services were provided by any firm or association of which such individual was a member, partner, or employee unless such individual was directly involved in the provision of such services.

(7)

(A) future employment;

(B) a leave of absence during the period of the reporting individual's Government service;

(C) continuation of payments by a former employer other than the United States Government; and

(D) continuing participation in an employee welfare or benefit plan maintained by a former employer.

(8)

(b)

(1)

(A) paragraph (1) of subsection (a) for the year of filing and the preceding calendar year;

(B) paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (a) as of the date specified in the report but which is less than 31 days before the filing date; and

(C) paragraphs (6) and (7) of subsection (a) as of the filing date but for periods described in such paragraphs.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A) not more than $15,000;

(B) greater than $15,000 but not more than $50,000;

(C) greater than $50,000 but not more than $100,000;

(D) greater than $100,000 but not more than $250,000;

(E) greater than $250,000 but not more than $500,000;

(F) greater than $500,000 but not more than $1,000,000;

(G) greater than $1,000,000 but not more than $5,000,000;

(H) greater than $5,000,000 but not more than $25,000,000;

(I) greater than $25,000,000 but not more than $50,000,000; and

(J) greater than $50,000,000.

(2)

(e)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

Reports required by subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 13103 of this title shall, with respect to the spouse and dependent child of the reporting individual, contain only information listed in paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of subsection (a), as specified in this paragraph.

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) any qualified blind trust (as defined in paragraph (3));

(B) a trust—

(i) which was not created directly by such individual, the individual's spouse, or any dependent child; and

(ii) the holdings or sources of income of which such individual, the individual's spouse, and any dependent child have no knowledge; or

(C) an entity described under the provisions of paragraph (8),

but such individual shall report the category of the amount of income received by the individual, the individual's spouse, or any dependent child from the trust or other entity under subsection (a)(1)(B).

(3)

(A)

(i) The trustee of the trust and any other entity designated in the trust instrument to perform fiduciary duties is a financial institution, an attorney, a certified public accountant, a broker, or an investment advisor who—

(I) is independent of and not associated with any interested party so that the trustee or other person cannot be controlled or influenced in the administration of the trust by any interested party;

(II) is not and has not been an employee of or affiliated with any interested party and is not a partner of, or involved in any joint venture or other investment with, any interested party; and

(III) is not a relative of any interested party.

(ii) Any officer or employee of a trustee or other entity who is involved in the management or control of the trust—

(I) is independent of and not associated with any interested party so that such officer or employee cannot be controlled or influenced in the administration of the trust by any interested party;

(II) is not a partner of, or involved in any joint venture or other investment with, any interested party; and

(III) is not a relative of any interested party.

(B)

(C)

(i) except to the extent provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, the trustee in the exercise of the trustee's authority and discretion to manage and control the assets of the trust shall not consult or notify any interested party;

(ii) the trust shall not contain any asset the holding of which by an interested party is prohibited by any law or regulation;

(iii) the trustee shall promptly notify the reporting individual and the reporting individual's supervising ethics office when the holdings of any particular asset transferred to the trust by any interested party are disposed of or when the value of such holding is less than $1,000;

(iv) the trust tax return shall be prepared by the trustee or the trustee's designee, and such return and any information relating thereto (other than the trust income summarized in appropriate categories necessary to complete an interested party's tax return) shall not be disclosed to any interested party;

(v) an interested party shall not receive any report on the holdings and sources of income of the trust, except a report at the end of each calendar quarter with respect to the total cash value of the interest of the interested party in the trust or the net income or loss of the trust or any reports necessary to enable the interested party to complete an individual tax return required by law or to provide the information required by subsection (a)(1) of this section, but such report shall not identify any asset or holding;

(vi) except for communications which solely consist of requests for distributions of cash or other unspecified assets of the trust, there shall be no direct or indirect communication between the trustee and an interested party with respect to the trust unless such communication is in writing and unless it relates only (I) to the general financial interest and needs of the interested party (including, but not limited to, an interest in maximizing income or long-term capital gain), (II) to the notification of the trustee of a law or regulation subsequently applicable to the reporting individual which prohibits the interested party from holding an asset, which notification directs that the asset not be held by the trust, or (III) to directions to the trustee to sell all of an asset initially placed in the trust by an interested party which in the determination of the reporting individual creates a conflict of interest or the appearance thereof due to the subsequent assumption of duties by the reporting individual (but nothing herein shall require any such direction); and

(vii) the interested parties shall make no effort to obtain information with respect to the holdings of the trust, including obtaining a copy of any trust tax return filed or any information relating thereto except as otherwise provided in this subsection.

(D)

(E)

(F)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i) The provisions of subparagraph (A) shall not apply with respect to a trust created for the benefit of a reporting individual, or the spouse, dependent child, or minor child of such a person, if the supervising ethics office for such reporting individual finds that—

(I) the assets placed in the trust consist of a well-diversified portfolio of readily marketable securities;

(II) none of the assets consist of securities of entities having substantial activities in the area of the reporting individual's primary area of responsibility;

(III) the trust instrument prohibits the trustee, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 (3)(C)(iii) and (iv) of this subsection, from making public or informing any interested party of the sale of any securities;

(IV) the trustee is given power of attorney, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (3)(C)(v) of this subsection, to prepare on behalf of any interested party the personal income tax returns and similar returns which may contain information relating to the trust; and

(V) except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the trust instrument provides (or in the case of a trust established prior to the effective date of this Act which by its terms does not permit amendment, the trustee, the reporting individual, and any other interested party agree in writing) that the trust shall be administered in accordance with the requirements of this subsection and the trustee of such trust meets the requirements of paragraph (3)(A).

(ii) In any instance covered by this subparagraph in which the reporting individual is an individual whose nomination is being considered by a congressional committee, the reporting individual shall inform the congressional committee considering the individual's nomination before or during the period of such individual's confirmation hearing of the individual's intention to comply with this paragraph.

(5)

(A)

(i) the executed trust instrument of such trust (other than those provisions which relate to the testamentary disposition of the trust assets); and

(ii) a list of the assets which were transferred to such trust, including the category of value of each asset as determined under subsection (d) of this section.

This subparagraph shall not apply with respect to a trust meeting the requirements for being considered a qualified blind trust under paragraph (7) of this subsection.

(B)

(C)

(i) notify the individual's supervising ethics office of such dissolution; and

(ii) file with such office a copy of a list of the assets of the trust at the time of such dissolution and the category of value under subsection (d) of this section of each such asset.

(D)

(E)

(6)

(A)

(i) disclose any information to an interested party with respect to such trust that may not be disclosed under paragraph (3) of this subsection;

(ii) acquire any holding the ownership of which is prohibited by the trust instrument;

(iii) solicit advice from any interested party with respect to such trust, which solicitation is prohibited by paragraph (3) of this subsection or the trust agreement; or

(iv) fail to file any document required by this subsection.

(B)

(i) solicit or receive any information with respect to a qualified blind trust of which the reporting individual is an interested party that may not be disclosed under paragraph (3)(C) of this subsection; or

(ii) fail to file any document required by this subsection.

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(7)

(A) the trust instrument is amended to comply with the requirements of paragraph (3) or, in the case of a trust instrument which does not by its terms permit amendment, the trustee, the reporting individual, and any other interested party agree in writing that the trust shall be administered in accordance with the requirements of this subsection and the trustee of such trust meets the requirements of paragraph (3)(A); except that in the case of any interested party who is a dependent child, a parent or guardian of such child may execute the agreement referred to in this subparagraph;

(B) a copy of the trust instrument (except testamentary provisions) and a copy of the agreement referred to in subparagraph (A), and a list of the assets held by the trust at the time of approval by the supervising ethics office, including the category of value of each asset as determined under subsection (d) of this section, are filed with such office and made available to the public as provided under paragraph (5)(D) of this subsection; and

(C) the supervising ethics office determines that approval of the trust arrangement as a qualified blind trust is in the particular case appropriate to assure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

(8)

(A) if—

(i) the fund is publicly traded; or

(ii) the assets of the fund are widely diversified; and

(B) if the reporting individual neither exercises control over nor has the ability to exercise control over the financial interests held by the fund.

(g)

(h)

(i)

(1) financial interests in or income derived from—

(A) any retirement system under this title (including the Thrift Savings Plan under subchapter III of chapter 84 of this title); or

(B) any other retirement system maintained by the United States for officers or employees of the United States, including the President, or for members of the uniformed services; or

(2) benefits received under the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.).

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4273.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13104 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §102) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §102, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1825; Pub. L. 96–19, §§3(a)(1), (b), 6(a), 7(a)–(d)(1), (f), 9(b), (c)(1), (j), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 39–43; Pub. L. 97–51, §130(b), Oct. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 966; Pub. L. 98–150, §10, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 962; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(3), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 102–90, title III, §314(a), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 104–65, §§20, 22(a), (b), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 704, 705; Pub. L. 112–105, §13(a), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 300. |


In subsection (a)(4)(A), in clause (ii)(II) and clause (iii)(II), the words "special Government employee" are substituted for "special government employee" to correct errors in the law.

In subsection (f)(2)(B)(ii), at the end of the clause, after the word "knowledge", the word "of" is omitted to correct an error in the law. The preceding phrase "of which" eliminates the need for "of" after "knowledge".

In subsection (f)(3)(E), the words "Securities Exchange Act of 1934" are substituted for "Securities and Exchange Act of 1934" to correct an error in the law. See the short title enacted by section 1 of the Act (15 U.S.C. 78a).

In subsection (f)(3)(F), the reference to "the effective date of title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989" is not translated to a date certain because the date varies. For most provisions, the effective date is January 1, 1991. For section 102(f)(4)(B) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which is restated as section 13104(f)(4)(B) of title 5, United States Code, the effective date is January 1, 1990. See section 204 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, as added by section 3(10)(B) of Public Law 101–280 (104 Stat. 157).

In subsection (f)(4)(B)(i)(V), the reference to "the effective date of this Act" is not translated to a date certain because the date is ambiguous. The words "the effective date of this Act" probably mean the effective date of title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (rather than the effective date of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978). Title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 enacted a general amendment of title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (see section 202 at 103 Stat. 1724). For title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, the effective date varies. For most provisions, the effective date is January 1, 1991. For section 102(f)(4)(B) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which is restated as section 13104(f)(4)(B) of title 5, United States Code, the effective date is January 1, 1990. See section 204 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, as added by section 3(10)(B) of Public Law 101–280 (104 Stat. 157).

For the effective date of title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, referred to in subsec. (f)(3)(F), see section 204 of Pub. L. 101–194, set out as an Effective Date of 1989 Amendment note below.

The effective date of this Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(4)(B)(i)(V), probably means the effective date of title II of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, which generally amended title I of Pub. L. 95–521, prior to repeal and restatement as this subchapter. See note above.

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, which is classified generally to chapter 7 (§301 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

Pub. L. 104–65, §22(c), Dec. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 705, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(13), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4354, provided that: "The amendment made by this section [amending section 102 of Pub. L. 95–521, restated as this section] shall apply with respect to reports filed under subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, for calendar year 1996 and thereafter."

Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §204, as added by Pub. L. 101–280, §3(10)(B), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 157, provided that: "The amendments made by this title [see Tables for classification] and the repeal made by section 201 [repealing sections 201 to 212 of Pub. L. 95–521, formerly set out under the heading Executive Personnel Financial Disclosure Requirements in the Appendix to this title, and sections 301 to 309 of Pub. L. 95–521, formerly set out under the heading Judicial Personnel Financial Disclosure Requirements in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] shall take effect on January 1, 1991, except that the provisions of section 102(f)(4)(B) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [section 102(f)(4)(B) of Pub. L. 95–521, restated as subsec. (f)(4)(B) of this section], as amended by this title, shall be effective as of January 1, 1990."

1 So in original. Probably should be "paragraph".

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(A)

(i)

(I)

(II)

(ii)

(I) the Secretary of the Senate or the Clerk of the House of Representatives, as the case may be, as designated in the statute establishing such agency or commission; or

(II) if such statute does not designate such committee, the Secretary of the Senate for agencies and commissions established in even numbered calendar years, and the Clerk of the House of Representatives for agencies and commissions established in odd numbered calendar years.

(B)

(2)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(j)

(1)

(2)

(k)

(l) 1 of this title, but in no case later than 45 days after such transaction, the following persons, if required to file a report under any subsection of section 13103 of this title, subject to any waivers and exclusions, shall file a report of the transaction:

(1) The President.

(2) The Vice President.

(3) Each officer or employee in the executive branch, including a special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18, who occupies a position classified above GS–15 of the General Schedule or, in the case of positions not under the General Schedule, for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule; each member of a uniformed service whose pay grade is at or in excess of O–7 under section 201 of title 37; and each officer or employee in any other position determined by the Director of the Office of Government Ethics to be of equal classification.

(4) Each employee appointed pursuant to section 3105 of this title.

(5) Any employee not described in paragraph (3) who is in a position in the executive branch which is excepted from the competitive service by reason of being of a confidential or policymaking character, except that the Director of the Office of Government Ethics may, by regulation, exclude from the application of this paragraph any individual, or group of individuals, who are in such positions, but only in cases in which the Director determines such exclusion would not affect adversely the integrity of the Government or the public's confidence in the integrity of the Government.

(6) The Postmaster General, the Deputy Postmaster General, each Governor of the Board of Governors of the United States Postal Service and each officer or employee of the United States Postal Service or Postal Regulatory Commission who occupies a position for which the rate of basic pay is equal to or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of basic pay payable for GS–15 of the General Schedule.

(7) The Director of the Office of Government Ethics and each designated agency ethics official.

(8) Any civilian employee not described in paragraph (3), employed in the Executive Office of the President (other than a special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18) who holds a commission of appointment from the President.

(9) A Member of Congress, as defined under section 13101 of this title.

(10) An officer or employee of the Congress, as defined under section 13101 of this title.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4285.)

This section was derived from section 103 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–521, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 103 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended by Pub. L. 117–125, §2(a)(1), (c)(1), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1205, 1206, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(c), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4285, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Subsection (l) of section 103 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended as follows:

(1) in paragraph (9), by striking ", as defined under section 109(12)";

(2) in paragraph (10), by striking ", as defined under section 109(13)"; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

*"(11) Each judicial officer.*

*"(12) Each bankruptcy judge appointed under section 152 of title 28, United States Code.*

*"(13) Each United States magistrate judge appointed under section 631 of title 28, United States Code."*

The references to sections "109(12)" and "109(13)" in the quoted text directed to be stricken in subsection (l)(9) and (10) did not appear in the text as enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 but were changed to refer to "section 13101 of this title".

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13105 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §103) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §103, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1831; Pub. L. 96–19, §§4(b)(2), 9(a), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 40, 42; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1736; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (4), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 153; Pub. L. 102–90, title III, §313(1), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 104–186, title II, §216(1), Aug. 20, 1996, 110 Stat. 1747; Pub. L. 108–271, §8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1003(a), Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 572; Pub. L. 112–105, §§6(a), 19(a), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 293, 304; Pub. L. 113–235, div. H, title I, §1301(b), Dec. 16, 2014, 128 Stat. 2537; Pub. L. 115–277, §1(b), Nov. 3, 2018, 132 Stat. 4167. |


In subsection (h)(1)(A)(ii), the date "November 30, 1989" is substituted for "the date of the enactment of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989" to reflect the date of enactment of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 103 Stat. 1716).

In subsection (i)(1), the reference to "section 312(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30113(a))" is substituted for "section 316(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971" to correct an error in the law. Section 312(a), not section 316(a), of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 contains provisions relating to the filing of copies of reports with the appropriate State officer. Section 312 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 was originally enacted as section 309, but was redesignated several times. The provision was redesignated as section 317 by section 208(a) of Public Law 93–443 (88 Stat. 1279), as section 316 by section 105 of Public Law 94–283 (90 Stat. 481), and as section 312 by section 105(4) of Public Law 96–187 (93 Stat. 1354).

In subsection (j)(1), the words "Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives" are substituted for "Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives" because of House Resolution No. 5, 112th Congress, January 5, 2011.

In subsection (l)(8), the words "special Government employee as defined in section 202 of title 18" are substituted for "special government employee" for clarity and consistency with other provisions of the chapter.

Section 8(b) of the STOCK Act, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), is section 8(b) of Pub. L. 112–105, which is set out in a note under section 13107 of this title.

The General Schedule, referred to in subsec. (l)(3), (6), is set out under section 5332 of this title.

Pub. L. 117–125, §2(a)(2), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1205, provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) [enacting subsec. (l)(11) to (13) of section 103 of Pub. L. 95–521, see Amendments Not Shown in Text note above] shall apply to applicable transactions occurring on or after the date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act [May 13, 2022]."

Pub. L. 109–55, title I, §1003(b), Aug. 2, 2005, 119 Stat. 572, as amended by Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(14), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4355, provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending section 103 of Pub. L. 95–521, restated as this section] shall apply with respect to reports filed under chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, for calendar year 2005 and each succeeding calendar year."

Pub. L. 112–173, §2, Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1310, as amended by Pub. L. 112–178, §3(a), Sept. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1409, provided that: "Effective January 1, 2013, for purposes of implementing subsection (l) of [former] section 103 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (as added by section 6 of the STOCK Act, Public Law 112–105) [see 5 U.S.C. 13105(l)], section 102(e) of such Act ([former] 5 U.S.C. App. 102(e)) [see 5 U.S.C. 13104(e)] shall apply as if the report under such subsection (l) were a report under section 101 of such Act ([former] 5 U.S.C. App. 101) [see 5 U.S.C. 13103] but only with respect to the transaction information required under such subsection (l)."

[Pub. L. 112–178, §3(b), Sept. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1409, provided that:

["(1)

["(2)

[Pub. L. 112–178, §3(c), Sept. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1410, provided that: "Nothing in the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending section 2 of Pub. L. 112–173, set out above] shall be construed as affecting any requirement with respect to the House of Representatives or the executive branch in effect before January 1, 2013, with respect to the inclusion of transaction information for a report under section 103(l) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App. 103(l)) [see 5 U.S.C. 13105(l)]."]

[Pub. L. 112–178, §3(d), Sept. 28, 2012, 126 Stat. 1410, provided that: "Nothing in this section [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes above] or the amendments made [by] this section shall be construed as affecting the requirement that took effect with respect to the Senate on July 3, 2012, which mandates the inclusion of transaction information for spouses and dependent children for a report under section 103(l) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 ([former] 5 U.S.C. App. 103(l)) [see 5 U.S.C. 13105(l)]."]

Pub. L. 112–105, §14, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 300, provided that: "The transaction reporting requirements established by [former] section 103(l) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [see 5 U.S.C. 13105(l)], as added by section 6 of this Act, shall not be construed to apply to a widely held investment fund (whether such fund is a mutual fund, regulated investment company, pension or deferred compensation plan, or other investment fund), if—

"(1)(A) the fund is publicly traded; or

"(B) the assets of the fund are widely diversified; and

"(2) the reporting individual neither exercises control over nor has the ability to exercise control over the financial interests held by the fund."

1 So in original. A closing parenthesis probably should follow "B".

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) falsify any information that such person is required to report under section 13104 of this title; and

(ii) fail to file or report any information that such person is required to report under section 13104 of this title.

(B)

(i) violates subparagraph (A)(i) shall be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both; and

(ii) violates subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be fined under title 18.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A) the date such report is required to be filed pursuant to the provisions of this subchapter and the rules and regulations promulgated under this subchapter; or

(B) if a filing extension is granted to such individual under section 13103(g) of this title, the last day of the filing extension period,

shall, at the direction of and pursuant to regulations issued by the supervising ethics office, pay a filing fee of $200. All such fees shall be deposited in the miscellaneous receipts of the Treasury. The authority under this paragraph to direct the payment of a filing fee may be delegated by the supervising ethics office in the executive branch to other agencies in the executive branch.

(2)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4288.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13106 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §104) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §104, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1832; Pub. L. 96–19, §8(a), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 41; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (5), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 154; Pub. L. 101–650, title IV, §405, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5124; Pub. L. 110–81, title VII, §702, Sept. 14, 2007, 121 Stat. 775. |


In subsection (d)(1) (matter after subparagraph (B)), the extra period at the end is removed to correct an error in the law. The extra period resulted from an amendment to the source law made by section 3(5)(B) of Public Law 101–280 (104 Stat. 154).

(a)

(1) this section does not require public availability of a report filed by any individual in the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, or the National Security Agency, or any individual engaged in intelligence activities in any agency of the United States, if the President finds or has found that, due to the nature of the office or position occupied by such individual, public disclosure of such report would, by revealing the identity of the individual or other sensitive information, compromise the national interest of the United States; and such individuals may be authorized, notwithstanding section 13106(a) of this title, to file such additional reports as are necessary to protect their identity from public disclosure if the President first finds or has found that such filing is necessary in the national interest; and

(2) any report filed by an independent counsel whose identity has not been disclosed by the division of the court under chapter 40 of title 28, and any report filed by any person appointed by that independent counsel under such chapter, shall not be made available to the public under this subchapter.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) that person's name, occupation, and address;

(B) the name and address of any other person or organization on whose behalf the inspection or copy is requested; and

(C) that such person is aware of the prohibitions on the obtaining or use of the report.

Any such application shall be made available to the public throughout the period during which the report is made available to the public.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i) to the extent necessary to protect the individual who filed the report or a family member of that individual; and

(ii) for as long as the danger to such individual exists.

(C)

(i) the total number of reports redacted pursuant to this paragraph;

(ii) the total number of individuals whose reports have been redacted pursuant to this paragraph;

(iii) the types of threats against individuals whose reports are redacted, if appropriate;

(iv) the nature or type of information redacted;

(v) what steps or procedures are in place to ensure that sufficient information is available to litigants to determine if there is a conflict of interest;

(vi) principles used to guide implementation of redaction authority; and

(vii) any public complaints received relating to redaction.

(D)

(E)

(c)

(1)

(A) for any unlawful purpose;

(B) for any commercial purpose, other than by news and communications media for dissemination to the general public;

(C) for determining or establishing the credit rating of any individual; or

(D) for use, directly or indirectly, in the solicitation of money for any political, charitable, or other purpose.

(2)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) in the case of a Member of Congress, until a date that is 6 years from the date the individual ceases to be a Member of Congress; and

(B) in the case of all other reports filed pursuant to this subchapter, for a period of 6 years after receipt of the report.

(3)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4289.)

This section was derived from section 105 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–521, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 105 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended by Pub. L. 117–125, §2(b), (c)(2), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1205, 1206, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(c), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4289, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Section 105 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended as follows:

(1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking "be revealing" and inserting "by revealing";

(2) in subsection (b)—

(A) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence, by striking "be,," and inserting "be," and, in the third sentence, by striking "may be may" and inserting "may be, may"; and

(B) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking "described in section 109(8) or 109(10) of this Act" and inserting "who is a judicial officer or a judicial employee"; and

(3) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively, and by inserting after subsection (b) the following:

*"(c) ONLINE PUBLICATION OF FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE REPORTS OF FEDERAL JUDGES.—*

*"(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF DATABASE*.—

*"(2) AVAILABILITY*.—

*"(3) REDACTION*.—

*"(4) ADDITIONAL TIME.—*

*"(A) IN GENERAL*.—

*"(B) PUBLICATION REQUIREMENT*.—

The substitutions directed to subsections (a)(1) and (b)(1) had already been made in the text of this section as restated by Pub. L. 117–286. The reference to "section 109(8) or 109(10) of this Act" in the quoted text directed to be stricken in subsection (b)(3)(A) did not appear in the text as enacted by Pub. L. 117–286 but was changed to refer to "paragraph (9) or (10) of section 13101 of this title".

The date of enactment of the Courthouse Ethics and Transparency Act, referred to in subsection (c)(1) as set out above, is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 117–125, which was approved May 13, 2022.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13107 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §105) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §105, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1833; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(6), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 154; Pub. L. 102–90, title III, §313(2), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 469; Pub. L. 103–359, title V, §501(m), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3430; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XI, §1122(b)(2), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 105–318, §7, Oct. 30, 1998, 112 Stat. 3011; Pub. L. 107–126, Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2404; Pub. L. 108–458, title I, §1079(c), Dec. 17, 2004, 118 Stat. 3696; Pub. L. 110–24, §§2, 3, May 3, 2007, 121 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 110–177, title I, §104, Jan. 7, 2008, 121 Stat. 2535; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, §931(b)(1), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4575; Pub. L. 112–84, §1, Jan. 3, 2012, 125 Stat. 1870; Pub. L. 112–105, §8(c), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 296; Pub. L. 115–141, div. M, title VI, §601, Mar. 23, 2018, 132 Stat. 1051. |


In subsection (a)(1), the word "by" is substituted for "be" to correct an error in the law. The change appears in the phrase "public disclosure of such report would, by [be] revealing the identity of the individual or other sensitive information, compromise the national interest of the United States".

In subsection (b)(3)(C) (matter before clause (i)), the words "Committee on Oversight and Reform" are substituted for "Committee on Oversight and Government Reform" on authority of Rule X(1)(n) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (116th Congress, January 9, 2019).

Committee on Oversight and Reform of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Oversight and Accountability of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, Jan. 9, 2023.

Pub. L. 113–7, §1(a)(1), (2), Apr. 15, 2013, 127 Stat. 438, provided that:

"(1)

"(2)

"(A) The President.

"(B) The Vice President.

"(C) Any Member of Congress.

"(D) Any candidate for Congress.

"(E) Any officer occupying a position listed in section 5312 or section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, having been nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate to that position."

Pub. L. 112–105, §8(a), (b), Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 295, as amended by Pub. L. 112–173, §1(1), Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1310; Pub. L. 113–7, §1(b)(1), Apr. 15, 2013, 127 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(15), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4355, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) electronic filing of reports received by them pursuant to section 13105(h)(1)(A) of title 5, United States Code; and

"(B) public access to—

"(i) financial disclosure reports filed by Members of Congress and candidates for Congress,

"(ii) reports filed by Members of Congress and candidates for Congress of a transaction disclosure required by section 13105(l) of title 5, United States Code, and

"(iii) notices of extensions, amendments, and blind trusts, with respect to financial disclosure reports described in clauses (i) and (ii),

pursuant to subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, through databases that are maintained on the official websites of the House of Representatives and the Senate.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

[Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(15), which directed amendment of section 8 of the "Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–105, 126 Stat. 295, 5 U.S.C. App. 105 note)", was executed to section 8 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, known as the "Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act" or the "STOCK Act", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[For definitions of terms used in section 8 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a note under section 13101 of this title.]

Pub. L. 112–105, §11, Apr. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 298, as amended by Pub. L. 112–173, §1(2), Aug. 16, 2012, 126 Stat. 1310; Pub. L. 113–7, §1(b)(2), Apr. 15, 2013, 127 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(16), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4355, provided that:

"(a)

"(1)

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(b)

"(1)

"(A) electronic filing of reports required by section 13105 of title 5, United States Code, other than subsection (h) of such section; and

"(B) public access to—

"(i) financial disclosure reports filed by the President, the Vice President, and any officer occupying a position listed in section 5312 or section 5313 of title 5, United States Code, having been nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate to that position,

"(ii) reports filed by any individual described in clause (i) of a transaction disclosure required by section 13105(l) of title 5, United States Code, and

"(iii) notices of extensions, amendments, and blind trusts, with respect to financial disclosure reports described in clauses (i) and (ii),

pursuant to subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, through databases that are maintained on the official website of the Office of Government Ethics.

"(2)

"(3)

"(4)

"(5)

"(6)

[Pub. L. 117–286, §4(c)(16), which directed amendment of section 11 of the "Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act of 2012 (Public Law 112–105, 126 Stat. 298, 5 U.S.C. App. 105 note)", was executed to section 11 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, known as the "Representative Louise McIntosh Slaughter Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act" or the "STOCK Act", to reflect the probable intent of Congress.][For definitions of terms used in section 11 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out above, see section 2 of Pub. L. 112–105, set out as a Definitions note under section 13101 of this title.]

Pub. L. 101–280, §9, May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 162, provided that: "Those reports filed under title I [former 2 U.S.C. 701 et seq.], II [formerly set out under the heading Executive Personnel Financial Disclosure Requirements in the Appendix to this title], or III [formerly set out under the heading Judicial Personnel Financial Disclosure Requirements in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–521], as in effect before January 1, 1991, shall be made available to the public on or after such date in accordance with [former] section 105 of that Act [see 5 U.S.C. 13107], as amended by the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 [Pub. L. 101–194], and the provisions of such section shall apply with respect to those reports."

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) believes additional information is required to be submitted, he or she shall notify the individual submitting such report what additional information is required and the time by which it must be submitted; or

(B) is of the opinion, on the basis of information submitted, that the individual is not in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, he or she shall notify the individual, afford a reasonable opportunity for a written or oral response, and after consideration of such response, reach an opinion as to whether or not, on the basis of information submitted, the individual is in compliance with such laws and regulations.

(3)

(A) divestiture;

(B) restitution;

(C) the establishment of a blind trust;

(D) request for an exemption under section 208(b) of title 18; or

(E) voluntary request for transfer, reassignment, limitation of duties, or resignation.

The use of any such steps shall be in accordance with such rules or regulations as the supervising ethics office may prescribe.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4292.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13108 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §106) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §106, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1833; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1739; Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), (7), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152, 155. |


(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4294.)

This section was derived from section 107 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–521, which was set out in the former Appendix to this title, and as it existed as of Oct. 19, 2021. Section 107 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended by Pub. L. 117–125, §2(c)(3), May 13, 2022, 136 Stat. 1207, prior to being repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 117–286, §§3(c), 7, Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4294, 4361. For applicability of those amendments to this section, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 117–286, set out in a Transitional and Savings Provisions note preceding section 101 of this title. Subsection (a)(1) of section 107 of Pub. L. 95–521 was amended in the last sentence by striking "and (d)" and inserting "and (e)". Such amendment was to conform with an amendment to section 105 of Pub. L. 95–521 redesignating subsection (d) as (e), see Amendments Not Shown in Text note set out under section 13107 of this title.

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13109 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §107) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §107, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1834; Pub. L. 96–19, §9(d), (g), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 42, 43; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1740. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4295.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13110 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §108) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §108, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1835; Pub. L. 96–19, §9(t), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 44; Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1741. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4295.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13111 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §110) | Pub. L. 95–521, title I, §110, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title II, §202, Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1744; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §3(1), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 152. |


(a)

(b)

(c)

(1) appoint officers and employees, including attorneys, in accordance with chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title; and

(2) contract for financial and administrative services (including those related to budget and accounting, financial reporting, personnel, and procurement) with the General Services Administration, or such other Federal agency as the Director determines appropriate, for which payment shall be made in advance, or by reimbursement, from funds of the Office of Government Ethics in such amounts as may be agreed upon by the Director and the head of the agency providing such services.

Contract authority under paragraph (2) shall be effective for any fiscal year only to the extent that appropriations are available for that purpose.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4296.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13121 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §401) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §401, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1862; Pub. L. 98–150, §2, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 959; Pub. L. 100–598, §3, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3031; Pub. L. 104–179, §4(b)(2)(A), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1567. |


(a)

(b)

(1) developing, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, rules and regulations to be promulgated by the President or the Director pertaining to conflicts of interest and ethics in the executive branch, including rules and regulations establishing procedures for the filing, review, and public availability of financial statements filed by officers and employees in the executive branch as required by subchapter I;

(2) developing, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, rules and regulations to be promulgated by the President or the Director pertaining to the identification and resolution of conflicts of interest;

(3) monitoring and investigating compliance with the public financial disclosure requirements of subchapter I by officers and employees of the executive branch and executive agency officials responsible for receiving, reviewing, and making available financial statements filed pursuant to subchapter I;

(4) conducting a review of financial statements to determine whether such statements reveal possible violations of applicable conflict of interest laws or regulations and recommending appropriate action to correct any conflict of interest or ethical problems revealed by such review;

(5) monitoring and investigating individual and agency compliance with any additional financial reporting and internal review requirements established by law for the executive branch;

(6) interpreting rules and regulations issued by the President or the Director governing conflict of interest and ethical problems and the filing of financial statements;

(7) consulting, when requested, with agency ethics counselors and other responsible officials regarding the resolution of conflict of interest problems in individual cases;

(8) establishing a formal advisory opinion service whereby advisory opinions are rendered on matters of general applicability or on important matters of first impression after, to the extent practicable, providing interested parties with an opportunity to transmit written comments with respect to the request for such advisory opinion, and whereby such advisory opinions are compiled, published, and made available to agency ethics counselors and the public;

(9) ordering corrective action on the part of agencies and employees which the Director deems necessary;

(10) requiring such reports from executive agencies as the Director deems necessary;

(11) assisting the Attorney General in evaluating the effectiveness of the conflict of interest laws and in recommending appropriate amendments;

(12) evaluating, with the assistance of the Attorney General and the Office of Personnel Management, the need for changes in rules and regulations issued by the Director and the agencies regarding conflict of interest and ethical problems, with a view toward making such rules and regulations consistent with and an effective supplement to the conflict of interest laws;

(13) cooperating with the Attorney General in developing an effective system for reporting allegations of violations of the conflict of interest laws to the Attorney General, as required by section 535 of title 28;

(14) providing information on and promoting understanding of ethical standards in executive agencies; and

(15) developing, in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, and promulgating such rules and regulations as the Director determines necessary or desirable with respect to the evaluation of any item required to be reported by subchapter I.

(c)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1) each executive agency shall be required to submit to the Office an annual report containing—

(A) a description and evaluation of the agency's ethics program, including any educational, counseling, or other services provided to officers and employees, in effect during the period covered by the report;

(B) the position title and duties of—

(i) each official who was designated by the agency head to have primary responsibility for the administration, coordination, and management of the agency's ethics program during any portion of the period covered by the report; and

(ii) each officer or employee who was designated to serve as an alternate to the official having primary responsibility during any portion of such period; and

(C) any other information that the Director may require in order to carry out the responsibilities of the Director under this subchapter; and

(2) each executive agency shall be required to inform the Director upon referral of any alleged violation of Federal conflict of interest law to the Attorney General pursuant to section 535 of title 28, except that nothing under this paragraph shall require any notification or disclosure which would otherwise be prohibited by law.

(f)

(1)

(A) may—

(i) order specific corrective action on the part of an agency based on the failure of such agency to establish a system for the collection, filing, review, and, when applicable, public inspection of financial disclosure statements, in accordance with applicable requirements, or to modify an existing system in order to meet applicable requirements; or

(ii) order specific corrective action involving the establishment or modification of an agency ethics program (other than with respect to any matter under clause (i)) in accordance with applicable requirements; and

(B) shall, if an agency has not complied with an order under subparagraph (A) within a reasonable period of time, notify the President and the Congress of the agency's noncompliance in writing (including, with the notification, any written comments which the agency may provide).

(2)

(A)

(i) the Director may make such recommendations and provide such advice to such officers and employees as the Director considers necessary to ensure compliance with rules, regulations, and Executive orders relating to conflicts of interest or standards of conduct;

(ii) if the Director has reason to believe that an officer or employee is violating, or has violated, any rule, regulation, or Executive order relating to conflicts of interest or standards of conduct, the Director—

(I) may recommend to the head of the officer's or employee's agency that such agency head investigate the possible violation and, if the agency head finds such a violation, that such agency head take any appropriate disciplinary action (such as reprimand, suspension, demotion, or dismissal) against the officer or employee, except that, if the officer or employee involved is the agency head, any such recommendation shall instead be submitted to the President; and

(II) shall notify the President in writing if the Director determines that the head of an agency has not conducted an investigation pursuant to subclause (I) within a reasonable time after the Director recommends such action;

(iii) if the Director finds that an officer or employee is violating any rule, regulation, or Executive order relating to conflicts of interest or standards of conduct, the Director—

(I) may order the officer or employee to take specific action (such as divestiture, recusal, or the establishment of a blind trust) to end such violation; and

(II) shall, if the officer or employee has not complied with the order under subclause (I) within a reasonable period of time, notify, in writing, the head of the officer's or employee's agency of the officer's or employee's noncompliance, except that, if the officer or employee involved is the agency head, the notification shall instead be submitted to the President; and

(iv) if the Director finds that an officer or employee is violating, or has violated, any rule, regulation, or Executive order relating to conflicts of interest or standards of conduct, the Director—

(I) may recommend to the head of the officer's or employee's agency that appropriate disciplinary action (such as reprimand, suspension, demotion, or dismissal) be brought against the officer or employee, except that if the officer or employee involved is the agency head, any such recommendations shall instead be submitted to the President; and

(II) may notify the President in writing if the Director determines that the head of an agency has not taken appropriate disciplinary action within a reasonable period of time after the Director recommends such action.

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(I)

(II)

(iii)

(iv)

(3)

(A) the officer or employee who is the subject of such order; and

(B) the head of the officer's or employee's agency or, if such officer or employee is the agency head, to the President.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4296.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13122 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §402) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §402, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1862; Pub. L. 96–19, §9(e), (s), June 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 43, 44; Pub. L. 98–150, §3(a), (b), Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 959; Pub. L. 100–598, §§5–7, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3032, 3033. |


In subsection (b)(1), the reference to "subchapter I" is substituted for "title II of this Act" for clarity and to update an obsolete reference in the law. The reference to "title II of this Act" means title II of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which was previously repealed. Section 201 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 103 Stat. 1724) repealed title II of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978. Section 202 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 103 Stat. 1724) enacted a general amendment of title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, and, as amended, title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 included provisions relating to the filing, review, and public availability of financial statements filed by officers and employees in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal Government. Title I of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 is restated as "subchapter I" (i.e., subchapter I of chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code).

In subsection (b)(3), the reference to "subchapter I" is substituted for "title II of this Act" and for "such title" for clarity and to update obsolete references in the law. See the explanation in the revision note pertaining to subsection (b)(1) of this section.

In subsection (b)(15), the reference to "subchapter I" is substituted for "title II of this Act" for clarity and to update an obsolete reference in the law. See the explanation in the revision note pertaining to subsection (b)(1) of this section.

In subsection (f)(2)(B)(iv), the reference to "subchapter I" is substituted for "title 2 of this Act" for clarity and to update an erroneous and obsolete reference in the law. The reference to "title 2 of this Act" should be "title II of this Act", meaning title II of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which was previously repealed. See the explanation in the revision note pertaining to subsection (b)(1) of this section.

In subsection (f)(2)(B)(iv), the reference to "section 13108 of this title" is substituted for "section 206 of this Act" for clarity and to update an obsolete reference in the law. The reference to "section 206 of this Act" means section 206 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which was previously repealed. The Act language for the now repealed section 206 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 appears at 92 Stat. 1847 (except that section 9(m) of Public Law 96–19 (93 Stat. 43) amended the text of section 206(a) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 by striking "shall be" and inserting "is"). Section 206 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 was repealed by section 201 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 103 Stat. 1724), and equivalent language was enacted as section 106 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 by section 202 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 103 Stat. 1724, 1739). Section 106 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 is restated as "section 13108 of this title" (i.e., section 13108 of title 5, United States Code).

In subsection (f)(3)(B), the words "the head of the officer's" are substituted for "the head of officer's" to correct an error in the law.

Pub. L. 98–150, §3(d), Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 960, provided that:

"(1) Any rules or regulations issued under [former] section 402 of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [see 5 U.S.C. 13122] which are in effect immediately before the effective date of the amendments made by this Act [Oct. 1, 1983, see bracketed note below] shall remain in effect according to their terms until modified, superseded, set aside, or revoked on or after such effective date.

"(2) The responsibilities of the Director of the Office of Government Ethics under [former] paragraphs (6) and (12), respectively, of section 402(b) of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 [see 5 U.S.C. 13122(b)(6), (12)], with respect to rules and regulations issued by the Office of Personnel Management before the effective date of the amendments made by this Act [Oct. 1, 1983] shall not be affected by this Act or any of the amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification]."

[Pub. L. 98–150, §13, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 963, provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [see Tables for classification] shall take effect on October 1, 1983."]

(a)

(1) make its services, personnel, and facilities available to the Director to the greatest practicable extent for the performance of functions under this chapter; and

(2) except when prohibited by law, furnish to the Director all information and records in its possession which the Director may determine to be necessary for the performance of the Director's duties.

The authority of the Director under this section includes the authority to request assistance from the inspector general of an agency in conducting investigations pursuant to the Office of Government Ethics responsibilities under this chapter. The head of any agency may detail such personnel and furnish such services, with or without reimbursement, as the Director may request to carry out the provisions of this chapter.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) that attaches conditions inconsistent with applicable laws or regulations; or

(B) that is conditioned upon or will require the expenditure of appropriated funds that are not available to the Office of Government Ethics.

(3)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4301.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13123 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §403) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §403, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 98–150, §5, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 960; Pub. L. 100–598, §9, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3035; Pub. L. 104–179, §2, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1566. |


In promulgating rules and regulations pertaining to financial disclosure, conflict of interest, and ethics in the executive branch, the Director shall issue rules and regulations in accordance with chapter 5 of this title. Any person may seek judicial review of any such rule or regulation.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4302.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13124 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §404) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §404, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 98–150, §3(c), Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 960. |


There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subchapter such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 2007.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4302.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13125 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §405) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §405, Oct. 26, 1978, 92 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 98–150, §12, Nov. 11, 1983, 97 Stat. 963; Pub. L. 100–598, §2, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3031; Pub. L. 101–334, §2, July 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 318; Pub. L. 102–506, §2, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3280; Pub. L. 104–179, §3, Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 107–119, §2, Jan. 15, 2002, 115 Stat. 2382; Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, §21069, as added Pub. L. 110–5, §2, Feb. 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 57. |


Although provisions authorizing the appropriation of "such sums as may be necessary" are generally considered unnecessary, and although this provision is obsolete because it explicitly applies only to fiscal year 2007, the provision is nevertheless intentionally restated in chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code.

The Director shall, no later than April 30 of each year in which the second session of a Congress begins, submit to the Congress a report containing—

(1) a summary of the actions taken by the Director during a 2-year period ending on December 31 of the preceding year in order to carry out the Director's functions and responsibilities under this subchapter; and

(2) such other information as the Director may consider appropriate.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4302.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13126 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §408) | Pub. L. 95–521, title IV, §408, as added Pub. L. 100–598, §4, Nov. 3, 1988, 102 Stat. 3031; amended Pub. L. 104–179, §4(b)(2)(B), Aug. 6, 1996, 110 Stat. 1567. |


In this subchapter:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4302.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13141 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §505) | Pub. L. 95–521, title V, §505, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1761; amended Pub. L. 102–90, title I, §6(b)(2), (3), title III, §314(b), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450, 469. |


This subchapter shall be subject to the rules and regulations of—

(1) and administered by—

(A) the Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives, with respect to Members, officers, and employees of the House of Representatives; and

(B) in the case of Senators and legislative branch officers and employees other than those officers and employees specified in subparagraph (A), the committee to which reports filed by such officers and employees under subchapter I are transmitted under that subchapter, except that the authority of this section may be delegated by such committee with respect to such officers and employees;

(2) the Office of Government Ethics and administered by designated agency ethics officials with respect to officers and employees of the executive branch; and

(3) and administered by the Judicial Conference of the United States (or such other agency as it may designate) with respect to officers and employees of the judicial branch.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4303.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13142 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §503) | Pub. L. 95–521, title V, §503, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1761; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §7(c), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 102–90, title I, §6(b)(1), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 450. |


In paragraph (1)(A), the words "Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives" are substituted for "Committee on Standards of Official Conduct of the House of Representatives" because of House Resolution No. 5, 112th Congress, January 5, 2011.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(c)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4303.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13143 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §501) | Pub. L. 95–521, title V, §501, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1760; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §7(a), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 102–378, §4(b)(1), (2), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357. |


GS–15, referred to in subsec. (a), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

(a)

(1) receive compensation for affiliating with or being employed by a firm, partnership, association, corporation, or other entity which provides professional services involving a fiduciary relationship;

(2) permit that Member's, officer's, or employee's name to be used by any such firm, partnership, association, corporation, or other entity;

(3) receive compensation for practicing a profession which involves a fiduciary relationship;

(4) serve for compensation as an officer or member of the board of any association, corporation, or other entity; or

(5) receive compensation for teaching, without the prior notification and approval of the appropriate entity referred to in section 13142 of this title.

(b)

(1) when received by a justice of the United States retired from regular active service under section 371(b) of title 28;

(2) when received by a judge of the United States retired from regular active service under section 371(b) of title 28, for teaching performed during any calendar year for which such judge has met the requirements of subsection (e) of section 371 of title 28, as certified in accordance with such subsection; or

(3) when received by a justice or judge of the United States retired from regular active service under section 372(a) of title 28.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4304.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13144 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §502) | Pub. L. 95–521, title V, §502, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1761; amended Pub. L. 101–280, §7(a)(1), (b), May 4, 1990, 104 Stat. 161; Pub. L. 101–650, title III, §319, Dec. 1, 1990, 104 Stat. 5117; Pub. L. 102–198, §6, Dec. 9, 1991, 105 Stat. 1624; Pub. L. 102–378, §4(b)(3), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1357. |


In subsection (b)(2), the words "subsection (e) of section 371 of title 28" are substituted for "subsection (f) of section 371 of title 28" for clarity and to update an obsolete reference in the law. Subsection (f) of section 371 of title 28, United States Code, was redesignated as subsection (e) by section 654(a)(1)(B) of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106–398, §1 [div. A, title VI, §654(a)(1)(B)], 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–165).

GS–15, referred to in subsec. (a), is contained in the General Schedule, which is set out under section 5332 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4304.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13145 | 5 U.S.C. App. (EGA §504) | Pub. L. 95–521, title V, §504, as added Pub. L. 101–194, title VI, §601(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1761. |


This subchapter shall cease to be effective if the provisions of section 703 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 5 U.S.C. 5318 note) are repealed.

(Pub. L. 117–286, §3(c), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4305.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

13146 | (no source) |


This section is added in accordance with section 603 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 26 U.S.C. 7701 note). Section 603 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 provides that amendments made by title VI of the Act (103 Stat. 1760) shall cease to be effective if the provisions of section 703 of the Act (5 U.S.C. 5318 note) are repealed, in which case the laws in effect before the amendments made by title VI of the Act shall be deemed to be reenacted. Among other things, the amendments made by title VI of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 enacted a general rewrite of title V of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, which is restated as this subchapter. If the provisions of section 703 of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (Public Law 101–194, 5 U.S.C. 5318 note) are repealed, then this subchapter shall cease to be effective, and the prior provisions of title V of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 shall be deemed to be reenacted. The prior provisions of title V of the Ethics in Government Act of 1978 (Public Law 95–521, 92 Stat. 1864) relate to an amendment to section 207 of title 18, United States Code, which has previously been executed to text.