Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2089, redesignated part E (§7881 et seq.) of subchapter IX of this chapter as part F of this subchapter.
Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, to the extent consistent with the number of eligible children in areas served by a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or another entity receiving financial assistance under a program specified in subsection (b), who are enrolled in private elementary schools and secondary schools in areas served by such agency, consortium, or entity, the agency, consortium, or entity shall, after timely and meaningful consultation with appropriate private school officials provide to those children and their teachers or other educational personnel, on an equitable basis, special educational services or other benefits that address their needs under the program.
Educational services or other benefits, including materials and equipment, provided under this section, shall be secular, neutral, and nonideological.
Educational services and other benefits provided under this section for private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel shall be equitable in comparison to services and other benefits for public school children, teachers, and other educational personnel participating in the program and shall be provided in a timely manner.
To help ensure equitable services are provided to private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel under this section, the State educational agency involved shall direct the ombudsman designated by the agency under section 6320 of this title to monitor and enforce the requirements of this section.
Expenditures for educational services and other benefits provided under this section for eligible private school children, their teachers, and other educational personnel serving those children shall be equal, taking into account the number and educational needs of the children to be served, to the expenditures for participating public school children.
Funds allocated to a local educational agency for educational services and other benefits to eligible private school children shall be obligated in the fiscal year for which the funds are received by the agency.
Each State educational agency shall provide notice in a timely manner to the appropriate private school officials in the State of the allocation of funds for educational services and other benefits under this subpart that the local educational agencies have determined are available for eligible private school children.
An agency, consortium, or entity described in subsection (a)(1) of this section may provide those services directly or through contracts with public and private agencies, organizations, and institutions.
This section applies to programs under—
(A) part C of subchapter I;
(B) part A of subchapter II;
(C) part A of subchapter III;
(D) part A of subchapter IV;
(E) part B of subchapter IV; and
(F) section 7281 of this title, with regard to Project SERV.
For the purpose of this section, the term "eligible children" means children eligible for services under a program described in paragraph (1).
To ensure timely and meaningful consultation, a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity shall consult with appropriate private school officials. Such agency and private school officials shall both have the goal of reaching agreement on how to provide equitable and effective programs for eligible private school children, on issues such as—
(A) how the children's needs will be identified;
(B) what services will be offered;
(C) how, where, and by whom the services will be provided;
(D) how the services will be assessed and how the results of the assessment will be used to improve those services;
(E) the size and scope of the equitable services to be provided to the eligible private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel, the amount of funds available for those services, and how that amount is determined;
(F) how and when the agency, consortium, or entity will make decisions about the delivery of services, including a thorough consideration and analysis of the views of the private school officials on the provision of services through potential third-party providers; and
(G) whether the agency, consortium, or entity shall provide services directly or through a separate government agency, consortium, or entity, or through a third-party contractor; and
(H) whether to provide equitable services to eligible private school children—
(i) by creating a pool or pools of funds with all of the funds allocated under subsection (a)(4)(C) based on all the children from low-income families in a participating school attendance area who attend private schools; or
(ii) in the agency's participating school attendance area who attend private schools with the proportion of funds allocated under subsection (a)(4)(C) based on the number of children from low-income families who attend private schools.
If the agency, consortium, or entity disagrees with the views of the private school officials on the provision of services through a contract, the agency, consortium, or entity shall provide to the private school officials a written explanation of the reasons why the local educational agency has chosen not to use a contractor.
The consultation required by paragraph (1) shall occur before the agency, consortium, or entity makes any decision that affects the opportunities of eligible private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel to participate in programs under this chapter, and shall continue throughout the implementation and assessment of activities under this section.
The consultation required by paragraph (1) shall include a discussion of service delivery mechanisms that the agency, consortium, or entity could use to provide equitable services to eligible private school children, teachers, administrators, and other staff.
Each local educational agency shall maintain in the agency's records, and provide to the State educational agency involved, a written affirmation signed by officials of each participating private school that the meaningful consultation required by this section has occurred. The written affirmation shall provide the option for private school officials to indicate such officials' belief that timely and meaningful consultation has not occurred or that the program design is not equitable with respect to eligible private school children. If such officials do not provide such affirmation within a reasonable period of time, the local educational agency shall forward the documentation that such consultation has, or attempts at such consultation have, taken place to the State educational agency.
If the consultation required under this section is with a local educational agency or educational service agency, a private school official shall have the right to file a complaint with the State educational agency that the consultation required under this section was not meaningful and timely, did not give due consideration to the views of the private school official, or did not make a decision that treats the private school or its students equitably as required by this section.
If the private school official wishes to file a complaint, the private school official shall provide the basis of the noncompliance and all parties shall provide the appropriate documentation to the appropriate officials.
A State educational agency shall provide services under this section directly or through contracts with public and private agencies, organizations, and institutions, if the appropriate private school officials have—
(i) requested that the State educational agency provide such services directly; and
(ii) demonstrated that the local educational agency involved has not met the requirements of this section in accordance with the procedures for making such a request, as prescribed by the State educational agency.
The control of funds used to provide services under this section, and title to materials, equipment, and property purchased with those funds, shall be in a public agency for the uses and purposes provided in this chapter, and a public agency shall administer the funds and property.
The provision of services under this section shall be provided—
(i) by employees of a public agency; or
(ii) through contract by the public agency with an individual, association, agency, organization, or other entity.
In the provision of those services, the employee, person, association, agency, organization, or other entity shall be independent of the private school and of any religious organization, and the employment or contract shall be under the control and supervision of the public agency.
Funds used to provide services under this section shall not be commingled with non-Federal funds.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8501, formerly title IX, §9501, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1975; renumbered title VIII, §8501, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), 8015, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2109; Pub. L. 115–64, §3, Sept. 29, 2017, 131 Stat. 1189.)
A prior section 7881, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9161, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3793; amended Pub. L. 105–220, title II, §251(b)(2)(E), Aug. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1080, defined terms, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2017—Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 115–64 added subpar. (F).
2015—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(1)(A), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Educational services and other benefits provided under this section for private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel shall be equitable in comparison to services and other benefits for public school children, teachers, and other educational personnel participating in the program and shall be provided in a timely manner."
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(1)(B), added par. (4) and struck out former par. (4). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "Expenditures for educational services and other benefits provided under this section for eligible private school children, their teachers, and other educational personnel serving those children shall be equal, taking into account the number and educational needs of the children to be served, to the expenditures for participating public school children."
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(2)(A), added subpars. (A) to (E) and struck out former subpars. (A) to (H) which read as follows:
"(A) subparts 1 and 3 of part B of subchapter I of this chapter;
"(B) part C of subchapter I of this chapter;
"(C) part A of subchapter II of this chapter, to the extent provided in paragraph (3);
"(D) part B of subchapter II of this chapter;
"(E) part D of subchapter II of this chapter;
"(F) part A of subchapter III of this chapter;
"(G) part A of subchapter IV of this chapter; and
"(H) part B of subchapter IV of this chapter."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(2)(B), struck out par. (3) which related to application of this subpart to funds awarded to a local educational agency under part A of former subchapter II of this chapter.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(3)(A), in introductory provisions, substituted "To ensure timely and meaningful consultation, a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity shall consult with appropriate private school officials. Such agency and private school officials shall both have the goal of reaching agreement on how to provide equitable and effective programs for eligible private school children, on issues such as" for "To ensure timely and meaningful consultation, a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity shall consult with appropriate private school officials during the design and development of the programs under this chapter, on issues such as".
Subsec. (c)(1)(E). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(3)(B)(i), substituted ", the amount" for "and the amount" and "services, and how that amount is determined;" for "services; and".
Subsec. (c)(1)(F). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(3)(B)(ii), struck out "contract" after "provision of" and substituted "; and" for period at end.
Subsec. (c)(1)(G), (H). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(3)(B)(iii), added subpars. (G) and (H).
Subsec. (c)(5), (6). Pub. L. 114–95, §8015(4), which directed amendment of this section by adding pars. (5) and (6) at the end, was executed by adding pars. (5) and (6) at the end of subsec. (c), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
If, by reason of any provision of law, a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or other entity is prohibited from providing for the participation in programs of children enrolled in, or teachers or other educational personnel from, private elementary schools and secondary schools, on an equitable basis, or if the Secretary determines that the agency, consortium, or entity has substantially failed or is unwilling to provide for that participation, as required by section 7881 of this title, the Secretary shall—
(1) waive the requirements of that section for the agency, consortium, or entity; and
(2) arrange for the provision of equitable services to those children, teachers, or other educational personnel through arrangements that shall be subject to the requirements of this section and of sections 7881, 7883, and 7884 of this title.
In making the determination under subsection (a), the Secretary shall consider one or more factors, including the quality, size, scope, and location of the program, and the opportunity of private school children, teachers, and other educational personnel to participate in the program.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8502, formerly title IX, §9502, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1977; renumbered title VIII, §8502, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), (b)(4), 8016, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2111.)
A prior section 7882, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9162, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3794, authorized appropriations, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §8001(b)(4), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in two places in text as reference to section 7881 of this title.
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §8016, made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to sections 7883 and 7884 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
The Secretary shall develop and implement written procedures for receiving, investigating, and resolving complaints from parents, teachers, or other individuals and organizations concerning violations of section 7881 of this title by a State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity. The individual or organization shall submit the complaint to the State educational agency for a written resolution by the State educational agency within 45 days.
The resolution may be appealed by an interested party to the Secretary not later than 30 days after the State educational agency resolves the complaint or fails to resolve the complaint within the 45-day time limit. The appeal shall be accompanied by a copy of the State educational agency's resolution, and, if there is one, a complete statement of the reasons supporting the appeal. The Secretary shall investigate and resolve the appeal not later than 90 days after receipt of the appeal.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8503, formerly title IX, §9503, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1977; renumbered title VIII, §8503, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), 8017, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2111.)
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8017, added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b) which related to procedures for complaints and appeals to Secretary, respectively.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
The Secretary shall not take any final action under section 7882 of this title until the State educational agency, local educational agency, educational service agency, consortium of those agencies, or entity affected by the action has had an opportunity, for not less than 45 days after receiving written notice thereof, to submit written objections and to appear before the Secretary to show cause why that action should not be taken.
Pending final resolution of any investigation or complaint that could result in a determination under this section, the Secretary may withhold from the allocation of the affected State educational agency or local educational agency the amount estimated by the Secretary to be necessary to pay the cost of those services.
If the affected agency, consortium, or entity is dissatisfied with the Secretary's final action after a proceeding under paragraph (1), the agency, consortium, or entity may, within 60 days after notice of that action, file with the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located a petition for review of that action.
A copy of the petition shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk of the court to the Secretary.
The Secretary, upon receipt of the copy of the petition, shall file in the court the record of the proceedings on which the Secretary based the action, as provided in section 2112 of title 28.
The findings of fact by the Secretary, if supported by substantial evidence, shall be conclusive, but the court, for good cause shown, may remand the case to the Secretary to take further evidence and the Secretary may then make new or modified findings of fact and may modify the Secretary's previous action, and shall file in the court the record of the further proceedings.
Any new or modified findings of fact shall likewise be conclusive if supported by substantial evidence.
Upon the filing of a petition, the court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the action of the Secretary or to set the action aside, in whole or in part.
The judgment of the court shall be subject to review by the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in section 1254 of title 28.
Any determination by the Secretary under this section shall continue in effect until the Secretary determines, in consultation with that agency, consortium, or entity and representatives of the affected private school children, teachers, or other educational personnel, that there will no longer be any failure or inability on the part of the agency, consortium, or entity to meet the applicable requirements of section 7881 of this title or any other provision of this chapter.
When the Secretary arranges for services pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall, after consultation with the appropriate public and private school officials, pay the cost of those services, including the administrative costs of arranging for those services, from the appropriate allocation or allocations under this chapter.
Any by-pass determination by the Secretary under this chapter as in effect on the day preceding January 8, 2002, shall remain in effect to the extent the Secretary determines that that determination is consistent with the purpose of this section.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8504, formerly title IX, §9504, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1978; renumbered title VIII, §8504, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(5), (b)(4), 8018, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112.)
2015—Subsec. (a)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §8018, made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7882 of this title.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §8001(b)(4), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7881 of this title.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to authorize the making of any payment under this chapter for religious worship or instruction.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8505, formerly title IX, §9505, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1979; renumbered title VIII, §8505, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect any private school that does not receive funds or services under this chapter, nor shall any student who attends a private school that does not receive funds or services under this chapter be required to participate in any assessment referenced in this chapter.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to affect a home school, whether or not a home school is treated as a home school or a private school under State law, nor shall any student schooled at home be required to participate in any assessment referenced in this chapter.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit, allow, encourage, or authorize any Federal control over any aspect of any private, religious, or home school, whether or not a home school is treated as a private school or home school under State law. This section shall not be construed to bar private, religious, or home schools from participation in programs or services under this chapter.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require any State educational agency or local educational agency that receives funds under this chapter to mandate, direct, or control the curriculum of a private or home school, regardless or 1 whether or not a home school is treated as a private school under state 2 law, nor shall any funds under this chapter be used for this purpose.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8506, formerly title IX, §9506, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1979; renumbered title VIII, §8506, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(5), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
1 So in original. Probably should be "of".
2 So in original. Probably should be capitalized.
A local educational agency may receive funds under a covered program for any fiscal year only if the State educational agency finds that either the combined fiscal effort per student or the aggregate expenditures of the agency and the State with respect to the provision of free public education by the agency for the preceding fiscal year was not less than 90 percent of the combined fiscal effort or aggregate expenditures for the second preceding fiscal year, subject to the requirements of subsection (b).
The State educational agency shall reduce the amount of the allocation of funds under a covered program in any fiscal year in the exact proportion by which a local educational agency fails to meet the requirement of subsection (a) of this section by falling below 90 percent of both the combined fiscal effort per student and aggregate expenditures (using the measure most favorable to the local agency), if such local educational agency has also failed to meet such requirement (as determined using the measure most favorable to the local agency) for 1 or more of the 5 immediately preceding fiscal years.
No such lesser amount shall be used for computing the effort required under subsection (a) of this section for subsequent years.
The Secretary may waive the requirements of this section if the Secretary determines that a waiver would be equitable due to—
(1) exceptional or uncontrollable circumstances, such as a natural disaster or a change in the organizational structure of the local educational agency; or
(2) a precipitous decline in the financial resources of the local educational agency.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8521, formerly title IX, §9521, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1980; renumbered title VIII, §8521, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8019, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112.)
A prior section 7901, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9201, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3794, set forth short title of the Native Hawaiian Education Act, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §8019(1), inserted ", subject to the requirements of subsection (b)" after "for the second preceding fiscal year".
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §8019(2), inserted before period at end ", if such local educational agency has also failed to meet such requirement (as determined using the measure most favorable to the local agency) for 1 or more of the 5 immediately preceding fiscal years".
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §8019(3), inserted "or a change in the organizational structure of the local educational agency" after "such as a natural disaster".
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
A State shall not take into consideration payments under this chapter (other than under subchapter VII) in determining the eligibility of any local educational agency in that State for State aid, or the amount of State aid, with respect to free public education of children.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8522, formerly title IX, §9522, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1980; renumbered title VIII, §8522, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8020, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112.)
A prior section 7902, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9202, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3794, set forth findings, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8020, substituted "subchapter VII" for "subchapter VIII".
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Any results from an individual assessment referred to in this chapter of a student that become part of the education records of the student shall have the protections provided in section 1232g of this title.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8523, formerly title IX, §9523, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1980; renumbered title VIII, §8523, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
A prior section 7903, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9203, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3798, set forth purpose of provisions relating to Native Hawaiian educational programs, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
The Secretary shall provide and revise guidance, not later than September 1, 2002, and of every second year thereafter, to State educational agencies, local educational agencies, and the public on constitutionally protected prayer in public elementary schools and secondary schools, including making the guidance available by electronic means, including by posting the guidance on the Department's website in a clear and easily accessible manner. The guidance shall be reviewed, prior to distribution, by the Office of Legal Counsel of the Department of Justice for verification that the guidance represents the current state of the law concerning constitutionally protected prayer in public elementary schools and secondary schools.
As a condition of receiving funds under this chapter, a local educational agency shall certify in writing to the State educational agency involved that no policy of the local educational agency prevents, or otherwise denies participation in, constitutionally protected prayer in public elementary schools and secondary schools, as detailed in the guidance required under subsection (a). The certification shall be provided by October 1 of each year. The State educational agency shall report to the Secretary by November 1 of each year a list of those local educational agencies that have not filed the certification or against which complaints have been made to the State educational agency that the local educational agencies are not in compliance with this section.
The Secretary is authorized and directed to effectuate subsection (b) by issuing, and securing compliance with, rules or orders with respect to a local educational agency that fails to certify, or is found to have certified in bad faith, that no policy of the local educational agency prevents, or otherwise denies participation in, constitutionally protected prayer in public elementary schools and secondary schools.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8524, formerly title IX, §9524, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1980; renumbered title VIII, §8524, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8021, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112.)
A prior section 7904, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9204, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3798, established the Native Hawaiian Education Council and island councils, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §8021, substituted "by electronic means, including by posting the guidance on the Department's website in a clear and easily accessible manner" for "on the Internet".
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
This section may be cited as the "Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act".
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no public elementary school, public secondary school, local educational agency, or State educational agency that has a designated open forum or a limited public forum and that receives funds made available through the Department shall deny equal access or a fair opportunity to meet to, or discriminate against, any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, or any other youth group listed in title 36 (as a patriotic society), that wishes to conduct a meeting within that designated open forum or limited public forum, including denying such access or opportunity or discriminating for reasons based on the membership or leadership criteria or oath of allegiance to God and country of the Boy Scouts of America or of the youth group listed in title 36 (as a patriotic society).
Nothing in this section shall be construed to require any school, agency, or a school served by an agency to sponsor any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, or any other youth group listed in title 36 (as a patriotic society).
The Secretary is authorized and directed to effectuate subsection (b) by issuing and securing compliance with rules or orders with respect to a public elementary school, public secondary school, local educational agency, or State educational agency that receives funds made available through the Department and that denies equal access, or a fair opportunity to meet, or discriminates, as described in subsection (b).
The Secretary shall issue and secure compliance with the rules or orders, under paragraph (1), through the Office for Civil Rights and in a manner consistent with the procedure used by a Federal department or agency under section 2000d–1 of title 42. If the public school or agency does not comply with the rules or orders, then notwithstanding any other provision of law, no funds made available through the Department shall be provided to a school that fails to comply with such rules or orders or to any agency or school served by an agency that fails to comply with such rules or orders.
Any action taken by the Secretary under paragraph (1) shall be subject to the judicial review described in section 2000d–2 of title 42. Any person aggrieved by the action may obtain that judicial review in the manner, and to the extent, provided in section 2000d–2 of title 42.
In this section, the term "youth group" means any group or organization intended to serve young people under the age of 21.
For the purpose of this section, an elementary school or secondary school has a limited public forum whenever the school involved grants an offering to, or opportunity for, one or more outside youth or community groups to meet on school premises or in school facilities before or after the hours during which attendance at the school is compulsory.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8525, formerly title IX, §9525, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1981; renumbered title VIII, §8525, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
A prior section 7905, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9205, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3800, related to Native Hawaiian Family-Based Education Centers, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
No funds under this chapter may be used—
(1) for construction, renovation, or repair of any school facility, except as authorized under this chapter;
(2) for transportation unless otherwise authorized under this chapter;
(3) to develop or distribute materials, or operate programs or courses of instruction directed at youth, that are designed to promote or encourage sexual activity, whether homosexual or heterosexual;
(4) to distribute or to aid in the distribution by any organization of legally obscene materials to minors on school grounds;
(5) to provide sex education or HIV-prevention education in schools unless that instruction is age appropriate and includes the health benefits of abstinence;
(6) to operate a program of contraceptive distribution in schools; or
(7) for the provision to any person of a dangerous weapon, as defined in section 930(g)(2) of title 18, or training in the use of a dangerous weapon, except that this paragraph shall not apply to the use of funds under this chapter for activities carried out under programs authorized by this chapter that are otherwise permissible under such programs and that provide students with educational instruction or educational enrichment activities, such as archery, hunting, other shooting sports, or culinary arts.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8526, formerly title IX, §9526, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1982; renumbered title VIII, §8526, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8022, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2112; Pub. L. 117–159, div. A, title III, §13401, June 25, 2022, 136 Stat. 1338; Pub. L. 118–17, §2, Oct. 6, 2023, 137 Stat. 102.)
A prior section 7906, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9206, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3800, authorized grants for a Native Hawaiian higher education program, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2023—Par. (7). Pub. L. 118–17 inserted before period at end ", except that this paragraph shall not apply to the use of funds under this chapter for activities carried out under programs authorized by this chapter that are otherwise permissible under such programs and that provide students with educational instruction or educational enrichment activities, such as archery, hunting, other shooting sports, or culinary arts".
2022—Par. (7). Pub. L. 117–159 added par. (7).
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8022, substituted "Prohibited uses of funds" for "General prohibitions" in section catchline, in subsec. (a), struck out "(a) Prohibition" before introductory provisions, substituted "No funds under this chapter may be used" for "None of the funds authorized under this chapter shall be used" in introductory provisions, added pars. (1) and (2) and redesignated former pars. (1) to (4) as (3) to (6), respectively, and struck out subsec. (b). Prior to amendment, text of subsec. (b) read as follows: "Nothing in this section shall be construed to—
"(1) authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government to mandate, direct, review, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's instructional content, curriculum, and related activities;
"(2) limit the application of the General Education Provisions Act;
"(3) require the distribution of scientifically or medically false or inaccurate materials or to prohibit the distribution of scientifically or medically true or accurate materials; or
"(4) create any legally enforceable right."
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
No officer or employee of the Federal Government shall, through grants, contracts, or other cooperative agreements, mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's specific instructional content, academic standards and assessments, curricula, or program of instruction developed and implemented to meet the requirements of this chapter (including any requirement, direction, or mandate to adopt the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative, any other academic standards common to a significant number of States, or any assessment, instructional content, or curriculum aligned to such standards), nor shall anything in this chapter be construed to authorize such officer or employee to do so.
No officer or employee of the Federal Government shall condition or incentivize the receipt of any grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, the receipt of any priority or preference under such grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, or the receipt of a waiver under section 7861 of this title upon a State, local educational agency, or school's adoption or implementation of specific instructional content, academic standards and assessments, curricula, or program of instruction developed and implemented to meet the requirements of this chapter (including any condition, priority, or preference to adopt the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative, any other academic standards common to a significant number of States, or any assessment, instructional content, or curriculum aligned to such standards).
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8526A, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8023, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2113.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government, including through a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, to mandate, direct, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's curriculum, program of instruction, or allocation of State or local resources, or mandate a State or any subdivision thereof to spend any funds or incur any costs not paid for under this chapter.
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law, no funds provided to the Department under this chapter may be used by the Department, whether through a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement, to endorse, approve, develop, require, or sanction any curriculum, including any curriculum aligned to the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative or any other academic standards common to a significant number of States, designed to be used in an elementary school or secondary school.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to—
(1) authorize an officer or employee of the Federal Government, whether through a grant, contract, or cooperative agreement to mandate, direct, review, or control a State, local educational agency, or school's instructional content, curriculum, and related activities;
(2) limit the application of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.);
(3) require the distribution of scientifically or medically false or inaccurate materials or to prohibit the distribution of scientifically or medically true or accurate materials; or
(4) create any legally enforceable right.
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law, no State shall be required to have academic standards approved or certified by the Federal Government, in order to receive assistance under this chapter.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit a State, local educational agency, or school from using funds provided under this chapter for the development or implementation of any instructional content, academic standards, academic assessments, curriculum, or program of instruction that a State, local educational agency, or school chooses, as permitted under State and local law, as long as the use of such funds is consistent with the terms of the grant, contract, or cooperative agreement providing such funds.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to mandate national school building standards for a State, local educational agency, or school.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8527, formerly title IX, §9527, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1983; renumbered title VIII, §8527, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8024, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2113.)
The General Education Provisions Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is title IV of Pub. L. 90–247, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 814, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§1221 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1221 of this title and Tables.
A prior section 7907, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9207, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3801, related to Native Hawaiian gifted and talented program, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8024, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to prohibitions on Federal Government and use of Federal funds.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Notwithstanding section 1232g(a)(5)(B) of this title, each local educational agency receiving assistance under this chapter shall provide, upon a request made by a military recruiter or an institution of higher education, access to the name, address, and telephone listing of each secondary school student served by the local educational agency, unless the parent of such student has submitted the prior consent request under paragraph (2).
A parent of a secondary school student may submit a written request, to the local educational agency, that the student's name, address, and telephone listing not be released for purposes of paragraph (1) without prior written consent of the parent. Upon receiving such request, the local educational agency may not release the student's name, address, and telephone listing for such purposes without the prior written consent of the parent.
Each local educational agency shall notify the parents of the students served by the agency of the option to make a request described in subparagraph (A).
Each local educational agency receiving assistance under this chapter shall provide military recruiters the same access to secondary school students as is provided to institutions of higher education or to prospective employers of those students.
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to allow a local educational agency to withhold access to a student's name, address, and telephone listing from a military recruiter or institution of higher education by implementing an opt-in process or any other process other than the written consent request process under paragraph (2)(A).
For purposes of this subsection, whenever a student has attained 18 years of age, the permission or consent required of and the rights accorded to the parents of the student shall only be required of and accorded to the student.
The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, shall, not later than 120 days after December 10, 2015, notify school leaders, school administrators, and other educators about the requirements of this section.
The requirements of this section do not apply to a private secondary school that maintains a religious objection to service in the Armed Forces if the objection is verifiable through the corporate or other organizational documents or materials of that school.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8528, formerly title IX, §9528, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1983; renumbered title VIII, §8528, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8025, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2114.)
A prior section 7908, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9208, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3802, related to Native Hawaiian special education programs, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8025, added subsecs. (a) to (c) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (d) which related to policy regarding access to student recruiting information, notification of requirements of this section, exception for a private secondary school that maintains a religious objection to service in the Armed Forces, and special rule regarding Connecticut State law, respectively.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal law and except as provided in subsection (b), no funds provided under this chapter to the Secretary or to the recipient of any award may be used to develop, incentivize, pilot test, field test, implement, administer, or distribute any federally sponsored national test in reading, mathematics, or any other subject, unless specifically and explicitly authorized by law, including any assessment or testing materials aligned to the Common Core State Standards developed under the Common Core State Standards Initiative or any other academic standards common to a significant number of States.
Subsection (a) shall not apply to international comparative assessments developed under the authority of section 9543(a)(6) of this title and administered to only a representative sample of pupils in the United States and in foreign nations.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8529, formerly title IX, §9529, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1984; amended Pub. L. 107–279, title IV, §404(d)(9), Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1986; renumbered title VIII, §8529, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8026, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2115.)
A prior section 7909, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9209, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3803, related to Native Hawaiian curriculum development and teacher training and recruitment programs, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8026, amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) and (b) relating to general prohibition on federally sponsored testing and exceptions, respectively.
2002—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–279 substituted "section 9543(a)(5) of this title" for "section 9003(a)(6) of this title".
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter or any other provision of law, no funds available to the Department or otherwise available under this chapter may be used for any purpose relating to a mandatory nationwide test or certification of teachers, principals, other school leaders, or education paraprofessionals, including any planning, development, implementation, or administration of, or incentive regarding, such test or certification.
The Secretary is prohibited from withholding funds from any State educational agency or local educational agency if the State educational agency or local educational agency fails to adopt a specific method of teacher or paraprofessional certification.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8530, formerly title IX, §9530, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1984; renumbered title VIII, §8530, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8027, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2116.)
A prior section 7910, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9210, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3804, related to Native Hawaiian community-based education learning centers, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §8027(1), inserted ", principals, or other school leaders" after "teachers" in section catchline.
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–95, §8027(3), inserted ", principals, other school leaders," after "teachers" and ", or incentive regarding," after "administration of".
Pub. L. 114–95, §8027(2), which directed amendment of subsection heading by inserting ", principals, or other school leaders" after "teachers", was executed by making the insertion in the heading of subsec. (a) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Any State that opts out of receiving funds, or that has not been awarded funds, under one or more programs under this chapter shall not be required to carry out any of the requirements of such program or programs, and nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require a State to participate in any program under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8530A, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8028, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2116.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing in this chapter (other than section 6398(b) of this title) shall be construed to authorize the development of a nationwide database of personally identifiable information on individuals involved in studies or other collections of data under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8531, formerly title IX, §9531, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1984; renumbered title VIII, §8531, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
A prior section 7911, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9211, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3804, set out administrative provisions, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Each State receiving funds under this chapter shall establish and implement a statewide policy requiring that a student attending a persistently dangerous public elementary school or secondary school, as determined by the State in consultation with a representative sample of local educational agencies, or who becomes a victim of a violent criminal offense, as determined by State law, while in or on the grounds of a public elementary school or secondary school that the student attends, be allowed to attend a safe public elementary school or secondary school within the local educational agency, including a public charter school.
As a condition of receiving funds under this chapter, a State shall certify in writing to the Secretary that the State is in compliance with this section.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8532, formerly title IX, §9532, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1984; renumbered title VIII, §8532, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
A prior section 7912, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9212, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3805, defined terms, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require, authorize, or permit, the Secretary, or a State educational agency, local educational agency, or school to grant to a student, or deny or impose upon a student, any financial or educational benefit or burden, in violation of the fifth or 14th amendments to the Constitution or other law relating to discrimination in the provision of federally funded programs or activities.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8533, formerly title IX, §9533, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8533, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to permit discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex (except as otherwise permitted under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 [20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.]), national origin, or disability in any program funded under this chapter.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to require the disruption of services to a child or the displacement of a child enrolled in or participating in a program administered by an eligible entity, as defined in section 6311(d) of this title and part C of subchapter IV, at the commencement of the entity's participation in a grant under section 6311(d) of this title or part C of subchapter IV.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8534, formerly title IX, §9534, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8534, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §§8001(a)(6), 8029, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, 2116.)
The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (a), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235. Title IX of the Act, known as the Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1681 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.
2015—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 114–95, §8029, substituted "as defined in section 6311(d) of this title and part C of subchapter IV" for "as defined in section 6316 of this title and part B of subchapter V" and "grant under section 6311(d) of this title or part C of subchapter IV" for "grant under section 6316 of this title or part B of subchapter V".
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
The Secretary shall issue regulations under this chapter only to the extent that such regulations are necessary to ensure that there is compliance with the specific requirements and assurances required by this chapter.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8535, formerly title IX, §9535, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8535, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
If any provision of this chapter is held invalid, the remainder of this chapter shall be unaffected thereby.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8536, formerly title IX, §9536, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985; renumbered title VIII, §8536, Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089.)
This section shall not apply to any disciplinary records with respect to a suspension or expulsion that are transferred from a private, parochial or other nonpublic school, person, institution, or other entity, that provides education below the college level.
In accordance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (20 U.S.C. 1232g), not later than 2 years after January 8, 2002, each State receiving Federal funds under this chapter shall provide an assurance to the Secretary that the State has a procedure in place to facilitate the transfer of disciplinary records, with respect to a suspension or expulsion, by local educational agencies to any private or public elementary school or secondary school for any student who is enrolled or seeks, intends, or is instructed to enroll, on a full- or part-time basis, in the school.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8537, formerly title IV, §4155, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1765; renumbered title IX, §9537, renumbered title VIII, §8537, Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(3), title VIII, §8001(a)(6), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 513 of Pub. L. 93–380, title V, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 571, which enacted section 1232g of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 1221 and 1232g of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1974 Amendment note set out under section 1221 of this title and Tables.
Section was classified to section 7165 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
To ensure timely and meaningful consultation on issues affecting American Indian and Alaska Native students, an affected local educational agency shall consult with appropriate officials from Indian tribes or tribal organizations approved by the tribes located in the area served by the local educational agency prior to the affected local educational agency's submission of a required plan or application for a covered program under this chapter or for a program under subchapter VI of this chapter. Such consultation shall be done in a manner and in such time that provides the opportunity for such appropriate officials from Indian tribes or tribal organizations to meaningfully and substantively contribute to such plan.
Each affected local educational agency shall maintain in the agency's records and provide to the State educational agency a written affirmation signed by the appropriate officials of the participating tribes or tribal organizations approved by the tribes that the consultation required by this section has occurred. If such officials do not provide such affirmation within a reasonable period of time, the affected local educational agency shall forward documentation that such consultation has taken place to the State educational agency.
In this section:
The term "affected local educational agency" means a local educational agency—
(A) with an enrollment of American Indian or Alaska Native students that is not less than 50 percent of the total enrollment of the local educational agency; or
(B) that—
(i) for fiscal year 2017, received a grant in the previous year under subpart 1 of part A of title VII 1 (as such subpart was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015) that exceeded $40,000; or
(ii) for any fiscal year following fiscal year 2017, received a grant in the previous fiscal year under subpart 1 of part A of subchapter VI that exceeded $40,000.
The term "appropriate officials" means—
(A) tribal officials who are elected; or
(B) appointed tribal leaders or officials designated in writing by an Indian tribe for the specific consultation purpose under this section.
Nothing in this section shall be construed—
(1) to require the local educational agency to determine who are the appropriate officials; or
(2) to make the local educational agency liable for consultation with appropriate officials that the tribe determines not to be the correct appropriate officials.
Consultation required under this section shall not interfere with the timely submission of the plans or applications required under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8538, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8030, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2116.)
Subpart 1 of part A of title VII (as such subpart was in effect on the day before December 10, 2015), referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(B)(i), means subpart 1 of part A of title VII of Pub. L. 89–10, which was classified generally to subpart 1 (§7421 et seq.) of part A of subchapter VII of this chapter prior to being redesignated as subpart 1 of part A of title VI of Pub. L. 89–10 and amended by Pub. L. 114–95, title VI, §§6001(a), 6002(c)–(j), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2046–2049, 2052–2054, and transferred to subpart 1 (§7421 et seq.) of part A of subchapter VI of this chapter.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
1 See References in Text note below.
The Secretary shall engage in outreach to rural local educational agencies regarding opportunities to apply for competitive grant programs under this chapter.
If requested to do so, the Secretary shall provide technical assistance to rural local educational agencies with locale codes 32, 33, 41, 42, or 43, or an educational service agency representing rural local educational agencies with locale codes 32, 33, 41, 42, or 43 on applications or pre-applications for any competitive grant program under this chapter. No rural local educational agency or educational service agency shall be required to request technical assistance or include any technical assistance provided by the Secretary in any application.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8539, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8031, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2117.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
A State educational agency shall consult in a timely and meaningful manner with the Governor, or appropriate officials from the Governor's office, in the development of State plans under subchapters I and II and section 7842 of this title.
The consultation described in subsection (a) shall include meetings of officials from the State educational agency and the Governor's office and shall occur—
(1) during the development of such plan; and
(2) prior to submission of the plan to the Secretary.
A Governor shall have 30 days prior to the State educational agency submitting the State plan under subchapter I or II or section 7842 of this title to the Secretary to sign such plan. If the Governor has not signed the plan within 30 days of delivery by the State educational agency to the Governor, the State educational agency shall submit the plan to the Secretary without such signature.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8540, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8032, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2118.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to allow the Secretary to—
(1) exercise any governance or authority over school administration, including the development and expenditure of school budgets, unless otherwise authorized under this chapter;
(2) issue any regulation without first complying with the rulemaking requirements of section 553 of title 5; or
(3) issue any nonregulatory guidance without first, to the extent feasible, considering input from stakeholders.
Nothing in subsection (a) shall be construed to affect any authority the Secretary has under any other Federal law.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8541, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8033, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2118.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Subject to subsection (b), nothing in this chapter shall authorize the Secretary to, or shall be construed to—
(1) prohibit a child from traveling to and from school on foot or by car, bus, or bike when the parents of the child have given permission; or
(2) expose parents to civil or criminal charges for allowing their child to responsibly and safely travel to and from school by a means the parents believe is age appropriate.
Notwithstanding subsection (a), nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt State or local laws.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8542, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8034, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2118.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Notwithstanding section 7802 of this title, funds used for activities under this chapter shall be carried out in accordance with the provision of section 280h–5(a)(3)(C) of title 42.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8543, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8035, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2119.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing in this chapter shall be construed to prohibit a State from withdrawing from the Common Core State Standards or from otherwise revising their standards.
No officer or employee of the Federal Government shall, directly or indirectly, through grants, contracts or other cooperative agreements, through waiver granted under section 7861 of this title or through any other authority, take any action against a State that exercises its rights under subsection (a).
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8544, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8036, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2119.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
The Congress finds as follows:
(1) Students' personally identifiable information is important to protect.
(2) Students' information should not be shared with individuals other than school officials in charge of educating those students without clear notice to parents.
(3) With the use of more technology, and more research about student learning, the responsibility to protect students' personally identifiable information is more important than ever.
(4) Regulations allowing more access to students' personal information could allow that information to be shared or sold by individuals who do not have the best interest of the students in mind.
(5) The Secretary has the responsibility to ensure every entity that receives funding under this chapter holds any personally identifiable information in strict confidence.
It is the sense of the Congress that the Secretary should review all regulations addressing issues of student privacy, including those under this chapter, and ensure that students' personally identifiable information is protected.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8545, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8037, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2119.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
A State, State educational agency, or local educational agency in the case of a local educational agency that receives Federal funds under this chapter shall have laws, regulations, or policies that prohibit any individual who is a school employee, contractor, or agent, or any State educational agency or local educational agency, from assisting a school employee, contractor, or agent in obtaining a new job, apart from the routine transmission of administrative and personnel files, if the individual or agency knows, or has probable cause to believe, that such school employee, contractor, or agent engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law.
The requirements of subsection (a) shall not apply if the information giving rise to probable cause—
(1)(A) has been properly reported to a law enforcement agency with jurisdiction over the alleged misconduct; and
(B) has been properly reported to any other authorities as required by Federal, State, or local law, including title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) and the regulations implementing such title under part 106 of title 34, Code of Federal Regulations, or any succeeding regulations; and
(2)(A) the matter has been officially closed or the prosecutor or police with jurisdiction over the alleged misconduct has investigated the allegations and notified school officials that there is insufficient information to establish probable cause that the school employee, contractor, or agent engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law;
(B) the school employee, contractor, or agent has been charged with, and acquitted or otherwise exonerated of the alleged misconduct; or
(C) the case or investigation remains open and there have been no charges filed against, or indictment of, the school employee, contractor, or agent within 4 years of the date on which the information was reported to a law enforcement agency.
The Secretary shall not have the authority to mandate, direct, or control the specific measures adopted by a State, State educational agency, or local educational agency under this section.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent a State from adopting, or to override a State law, regulation, or policy that provides, greater or additional protections to prohibit any individual who is a school employee, contractor, or agent, or any State educational agency or local educational agency, from assisting a school employee who engaged in sexual misconduct regarding a minor or student in violation of the law in obtaining a new job.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8546, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8038, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2120.)
The Education Amendments of 1972, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), is Pub. L. 92–318, June 23, 1972, 86 Stat. 235. Title IX of the Act, known as the Patsy Takemoto Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, is classified principally to chapter 38 (§1681 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of title IX to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1681 of this title and Tables.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
It is the Sense of Congress that State and local officials should be consulted and made aware of the requirements that accompany participation in activities authorized under this chapter prior to a State or local educational agency's request to participate in such activities.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8547, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8039, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2121.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
The Secretary shall require an assurance that each grantee receiving funds under this chapter understands the importance of privacy protections for students and is aware of the responsibilities of the grantee under section 1232g of this title (commonly known as the "Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1974").
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8548, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8040, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2121.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
The Secretary shall develop procedures for the approval and periodic review of significant guidance documents that include—
(1) appropriate approval processes within the Department;
(2) appropriate identification of the agency or office issuing the documents, the activities to which and the persons to whom the documents apply, and the date of issuance;
(3) a publicly available list to identify those significant guidance documents that were issued, revised, or withdrawn within the past year; and
(4) an opportunity for the public to request that an agency modify or rescind an existing significant guidance document.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2121.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
The Congress finds as follows:
(1) This chapter prohibits the Federal Government from mandating, directing, or controlling a State, local educational agency, or school's curriculum, program of instruction, or allocation of State and local resources, and from mandating a State or any subdivision thereof to spend any funds or incur any costs not paid for under this chapter.
(2) This chapter prohibits the Federal Government from funding the development, pilot testing, field testing, implementation, administration, or distribution of any federally sponsored national test in reading, mathematics, or any other subject, unless specifically and explicitly authorized by law.
It is the sense of the Congress that States and local educational agencies retain the rights and responsibilities of determining educational curriculum, programs of instruction, and assessments for elementary and secondary education.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549A, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2121.)
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
It is the Sense of the Congress that a State retains the right to make decisions, free from Federal intrusion, concerning its system of early learning and child care, and whether or not to use funding under this chapter to offer early childhood education programs. Such systems should continue to include robust choice for parents through a mixed delivery system of services so parents can determine the right early learning and child care option for their children. States, while protecting the rights of early learning and child care providers, retain the right to make decisions that shall include the age at which to set compulsory attendance in school, the content of a State's early learning guidelines, and how to determine quality in programs.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549B, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2122.)
A prior section 7931, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9301, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3805, set forth short title of the Alaska Native Educational Equity, Support and Assistance Act, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
If requested by a State or local educational agency, a regional educational laboratory under part D of the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (20 U.S.C. 9561 et seq.) shall provide technical assistance to such State or local educational agency in meeting the requirements of section 7801(21) of this title.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8549C, as added Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8041, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2122.)
The Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002, referred to in text, is title I of Pub. L. 107–279, Nov. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 1941. Part D of the Act is classified generally to part D (§9561 et seq.) of subchapter I of chapter 76 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 9501 of this title and Tables.
A prior section 7932, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9302, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3805, set forth findings, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
To address the misuse of taxpayer funds, the Secretary of Education shall—
(1) require that each recipient of a grant or subgrant under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) display, in a public place, the hotline contact information of the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Education so that any individual who observes, detects, or suspects improper use of taxpayer funds can easily report such improper use;
(2) annually notify employees of the Department of Education of their responsibility to report fraud; and
(3) require any applicant—
(A) for a grant under such Act to provide an assurance to the Secretary that any information submitted when applying for such grant and responding to monitoring and compliance reviews is truthful and accurate; and
(B) for a subgrant under such Act to provide the assurance described in subparagraph (A) to the entity awarding the subgrant.
(Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9203, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2138.)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and such Act, referred to in pars. (1) and (3), are Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.
Section was enacted as part of the Every Student Succeeds Act, and not as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
A prior section 7933, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9303, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3806, stated purpose of former part C of subchapter IX of this chapter, prior to the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
To improve monitoring and oversight of taxpayer funds authorized for appropriation under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.), and to deter and prohibit waste, fraud, and abuse with respect to such funds, the Secretary of Education shall—
(1) notify each recipient of a grant under such Act (and, if applicable, require the grantee to inform each subgrantee) of its responsibility to—
(A) comply with all monitoring requirements under the applicable program or programs; and
(B) monitor properly any subgrantee under the applicable program or programs;
(2) review and analyze the results of monitoring and compliance reviews—
(A) to understand trends and identify common issues; and
(B) to issue guidance to help grantees address such issues before the loss or misuse of taxpayer funding occurs;
(3) publicly report the work undertaken by the Secretary to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse with respect to such taxpayer funds; and
(4) work with the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Education, as needed, to help ensure that employees of the Department understand how to adequately monitor grantees and to help grantees adequately monitor any subgrantees.
(Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, §9204, Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2138.)
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 and such Act, referred to in text, are Pub. L. 89–10, Apr. 11, 1965, 79 Stat. 27, which is classified generally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of this title and Tables.
Section was enacted as part of the Every Student Succeeds Act, and not as part of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 which comprises this chapter.
Prior sections 7934 to 7938 were omitted in the general amendment of former subchapter IX of this chapter by Pub. L. 107–110.
Section 7934, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9304, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3806, related to Alaska Native educational planning, curriculum development, and teacher training and recruitment programs.
Section 7935, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9305, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3807, related to Alaska Native home based education for preschool children.
Section 7936, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9306, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3808, related to Alaska Native student enrichment programs.
Section 7937, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9307, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3809, set forth administrative provisions.
Section 7938, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9308, as added Pub. L. 103–382, title I, §101, Oct. 20, 1994, 108 Stat. 3809, defined terms.
Section effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as an Effective Date of 2015 Amendment note under section 6301 of this title.
Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A)–(C), title VIII, §8001(a), (b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089, redesignated subpart 5 (§6731 et seq.) of part C of subchapter II of this chapter as subpart 3 of part F of this subchapter.
This subpart may be cited as the "Paul D. Coverdell Teacher Protection Act of 2001".
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8551, formerly title II, §2361, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667; renumbered title IX, §9541, renumbered title VIII, §8551, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6731 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
A prior section 7941, Pub. L. 89–10, title IX, §9601, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IX, §901, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1985, which related to evaluations, was renumbered section 8601 of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10 by Pub. L. 114–95, title VIII, §8001(a)(10), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2088, 2089, and transferred to section 7981 of this title.
The purpose of this subpart is to provide teachers, principals, and other school professionals the tools they need to undertake reasonable actions to maintain order, discipline, and an appropriate educational environment.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8552, formerly title II, §2362, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667; renumbered title IX, §9542, renumbered title VIII, §8552, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6732 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
For purposes of this subpart:
The term "economic loss" means any pecuniary loss resulting from harm (including the loss of earnings or other benefits related to employment, medical expense loss, replacement services loss, loss due to death, burial costs, and loss of business or employment opportunities) to the extent recovery for such loss is allowed under applicable State law.
The term "harm" includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and noneconomic losses.
The term "noneconomic loss" means loss for physical or emotional pain, suffering, inconvenience, physical impairment, mental anguish, disfigurement, loss of enjoyment of life, loss of society or companionship, loss of consortium (other than loss of domestic service), hedonic damages, injury to reputation, or any other nonpecuniary loss of any kind or nature.
The term "school" means a public or private kindergarten, a public or private elementary school or secondary school, or a home school.
The term "State" means each of the several States of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, any other territory or possession of the United States, or any political subdivision of any such State, territory, or possession.
The term "teacher" means—
(A) a teacher, instructor, principal, or administrator;
(B) another educational professional who works in a school;
(C) a professional or nonprofessional employee who—
(i) works in a school; and
(ii)(I) in the employee's job, maintains discipline or ensures safety; or
(II) in an emergency, is called on to maintain discipline or ensure safety; or
(D) an individual member of a school board (as distinct from the board).
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8553, formerly title II, §2363, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1667; renumbered title IX, §9543, renumbered title VIII, §8553, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6733 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
This subpart shall only apply to States that receive funds under this chapter, and shall apply to such a State as a condition of receiving such funds.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8554, formerly title II, §2364, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668; renumbered title IX, §9544, renumbered title VIII, §8554, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6734 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
This subpart preempts the laws of any State to the extent that such laws are inconsistent with this subpart, except that this subpart shall not preempt any State law that provides additional protection from liability relating to teachers.
This subpart shall not apply to any civil action in a State court against a teacher with respect to claims arising within that State if such State enacts a statute in accordance with State requirements for enacting legislation—
(1) citing the authority of this subsection;
(2) declaring the election of such State that this subpart shall not apply, as of a date certain, to such civil action in the State; and
(3) containing no other provisions.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8555, formerly title II, §2365, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668; renumbered title IX, §9545, renumbered title VIII, §8555, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6735 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
Except as provided in subsection (b), no teacher in a school shall be liable for harm caused by an act or omission of the teacher on behalf of the school if—
(1) the teacher was acting within the scope of the teacher's employment or responsibilities to a school or governmental entity;
(2) the actions of the teacher were carried out in conformity with Federal, State, and local laws (including rules and regulations) in furtherance of efforts to control, discipline, expel, or suspend a student or maintain order or control in the classroom or school;
(3) if appropriate or required, the teacher was properly licensed, certified, or authorized by the appropriate authorities for the activities or practice involved in the State in which the harm occurred, where the activities were or practice was undertaken within the scope of the teacher's responsibilities;
(4) the harm was not caused by willful or criminal misconduct, gross negligence, reckless misconduct, or a conscious, flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the individual harmed by the teacher; and
(5) the harm was not caused by the teacher operating a motor vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or other vehicle for which the State requires the operator or the owner of the vehicle, craft, or vessel to—
(A) possess an operator's license; or
(B) maintain insurance.
If the laws of a State limit teacher liability subject to one or more of the following conditions, such conditions shall not be construed as inconsistent with this section:
(1) A State law that requires a school or governmental entity to adhere to risk management procedures, including mandatory training of teachers.
(2) A State law that makes the school or governmental entity liable for the acts or omissions of its teachers to the same extent as an employer is liable for the acts or omissions of its employees.
(3) A State law that makes a limitation of liability inapplicable if the civil action was brought by an officer of a State or local government pursuant to State or local law.
Punitive damages may not be awarded against a teacher in an action brought for harm based on the act or omission of a teacher acting within the scope of the teacher's employment or responsibilities to a school or governmental entity unless the claimant establishes by clear and convincing evidence that the harm was proximately caused by an act or omission of such teacher that constitutes willful or criminal misconduct, or a conscious, flagrant indifference to the rights or safety of the individual harmed.
Paragraph (1) does not create a cause of action for punitive damages and does not preempt or supersede any Federal or State law to the extent that such law would further limit the award of punitive damages.
The limitations on the liability of a teacher under this subpart shall not apply to any misconduct that—
(A) constitutes a crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 of title 18) or act of international terrorism (as that term is defined in section 2331 of title 18) for which the defendant has been convicted in any court;
(B) involves a sexual offense, as defined by applicable State law, for which the defendant has been convicted in any court;
(C) involves misconduct for which the defendant has been found to have violated a Federal or State civil rights law; or
(D) where the defendant was under the influence (as determined pursuant to applicable State law) of intoxicating alcohol or any drug at the time of the misconduct.
The limitations on the liability of a teacher under this subpart shall not apply to misconduct during background investigations, or during other actions, involved in the hiring of a teacher.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to affect any civil action brought by any school or any governmental entity against any teacher of such school.
Nothing in this subpart shall be construed to affect any State or local law (including a rule or regulation) or policy pertaining to the use of corporal punishment.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8556, formerly title II, §2366, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1668; renumbered title IX, §9546, renumbered title VIII, §8556, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(1), (3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6736 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
2015—Pub. L. 114–95, §2001(a)(1), struck out undesignated par. following par. (2) which read as follows: "ate law that makes a limitation of liability inapplicable if the civil action was brought by an officer of a State or local government pursuant to State or local law."
Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–95, §2001(a)(1), added par. (3).
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
In any civil action against a teacher, based on an act or omission of a teacher acting within the scope of the teacher's employment or responsibilities to a school or governmental entity, the liability of the teacher for noneconomic loss shall be determined in accordance with subsection (b).
Each defendant who is a teacher shall be liable only for the amount of noneconomic loss allocated to that defendant in direct proportion to the percentage of responsibility of that defendant (determined in accordance with paragraph (2)) for the harm to the claimant with respect to which that defendant is liable.
The court shall render a separate judgment against each defendant in an amount determined pursuant to subparagraph (A).
For purposes of determining the amount of noneconomic loss allocated to a defendant who is a teacher under this section, the trier of fact shall determine the percentage of responsibility of each person responsible for the claimant's harm, whether or not such person is a party to the action.
Nothing in this section shall be construed to preempt or supersede any Federal or State law that further limits the application of joint liability in a civil action described in subsection (a), beyond the limitations established in this section.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8557, formerly title II, §2367, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1670; renumbered title IX, §9547, renumbered title VIII, §8557, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 6737 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
This subpart shall take effect 90 days after January 8, 2002.
This subpart applies to any claim for harm caused by an act or omission of a teacher if that claim is filed on or after the effective date of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 without regard to whether the harm that is the subject of the claim or the conduct that caused the harm occurred before such effective date.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8558, formerly title II, §2368, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title II, §201, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1670; renumbered title IX, §9548, renumbered title VIII, §8558, Pub. L. 114–95, title II, §2001(a)(3)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(7), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1913, 2088, 2089.)
For the effective date of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, referred to in subsec. (b), see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of this title.
Section was classified to section 6738 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(2)(A)–(C), title VIII, §8001(a), (b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089, redesignated subpart 3 (§7151) of part A of subchapter IV of this chapter as subpart 4 of part F of this subchapter.
This subpart may be cited as the "Gun-Free Schools Act".
Each State receiving Federal funds under any subchapter of this chapter shall have in effect a State law requiring local educational agencies to expel from school for a period of not less than 1 year a student who is determined to have brought a firearm to a school, or to have possessed a firearm at a school, under the jurisdiction of local educational agencies in that State, except that such State law shall allow the chief administering officer of a local educational agency to modify such expulsion requirement for a student on a case-by-case basis if such modification is in writing.
Nothing in this subpart shall be construed to prevent a State from allowing a local educational agency that has expelled a student from such a student's regular school setting from providing educational services to such student in an alternative setting.
For the purpose of this section, the term "firearm" has the same meaning given such term in section 921(a) of title 18.
The provisions of this section shall be construed in a manner consistent with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act [20 U.S.C. 1400 et seq.].
Each local educational agency requesting assistance from the State educational agency that is to be provided from funds made available to the State under any subchapter of this chapter shall provide to the State, in the application requesting such assistance—
(1) an assurance that such local educational agency is in compliance with the State law required by subsection (b); and
(2) a description of the circumstances surrounding any expulsions imposed under the State law required by subsection (b), including—
(A) the name of the school concerned;
(B) the number of students expelled from such school; and
(C) the type of firearms concerned.
Each State shall report the information described in subsection (d) to the Secretary on an annual basis.
For the purpose of subsection (d), the term "school" means any setting that is under the control and supervision of the local educational agency for the purpose of student activities approved and authorized by the local educational agency.
Nothing in this section shall apply to a firearm that is lawfully stored inside a locked vehicle on school property, or if it is for activities approved and authorized by the local educational agency and the local educational agency adopts appropriate safeguards to ensure student safety.
No funds shall be made available under any subchapter of this chapter to any local educational agency unless such agency has a policy requiring referral to the criminal justice or juvenile delinquency system of any student who brings a firearm or weapon to a school served by such agency.
For the purpose of this subsection, the term "school" has the same meaning given to such term by section 921(a) of title 18.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8561, formerly title IV, §4141, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1762; renumbered title IX, §9551, renumbered title VIII, §8561, Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(2)(A), (B), (D), title VIII, §8001(a)(8), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, Apr. 13, 1970, 84 Stat. 175, which is classified generally to chapter 33 (§1400 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of this title and Tables.
Section was classified to section 7151 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, § 4001(a)(4)(A)–(C)(i), title VIII, §8001(a), (b)(1), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089, redesignated part C (§7181 et seq.) of subchapter IV of this chapter as subpart 5 of part F of this subchapter.
Similar provisions relating to environmental tobacco smoke are contained in part B (§6081 et seq.) of subchapter X of chapter 68 of this title.
This subpart 1 may be cited as the "Pro-Children Act of 2001".
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8571, formerly title IV, §4301, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1773; renumbered title IX, §9561, renumbered title VIII, §8571, Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(4)(A), (B), (C)(ii), title VIII, §8001(a)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
This subpart, referred to in text, was in the original "this part", and was translated as reading "this subpart", to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 114–95 redesignated part C of title IV of Pub. L. 89–10 as subpart 5 of part F of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which is classified to this subpart.
Section was classified to section 7181 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
1 See References in Text note below.
As used in this subpart: 1
The term "children" means individuals who have not attained the age of 18.
The term "children's services" means the provision on a routine or regular basis of health, day care, education, or library services—
(A) that are funded, after January 8, 2002, directly by the Federal Government or through State or local governments, by Federal grant, loan, loan guarantee, or contract programs—
(i) administered by either the Secretary of Health and Human Services or the Secretary of Education (other than services provided and funded solely under titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq., 1396 et seq.]); or
(ii) administered by the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of a clinic (as defined in part 246.2 of title 7, Code of Federal Regulations (or any corresponding similar regulation or ruling)) under section 17(b)(6) of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1786(b)(6)]; or
(B) that are provided in indoor facilities that are constructed, operated, or maintained with such Federal funds, as determined by the appropriate head of a Federal agency in any enforcement action carried out under this subpart,1
except that nothing in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A) is intended to include facilities (other than clinics) where coupons are redeemed under the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 [42 U.S.C. 1771 et seq.].
The term "indoor facility" means a building that is enclosed.
The term "person" means any State or local subdivision of a State, agency of such State or subdivision, corporation, or partnership that owns or operates or otherwise controls and provides children's services or any individual who owns or operates or otherwise controls and provides such services.
The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Health and Human Services.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8572, formerly title IV, §4302, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1773; renumbered title IX, §9562, renumbered title VIII, §8572, Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(4)(A), (B), (C)(ii), title VIII, §8001(a)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
This subpart, referred to in text, was in the original "this part", and was translated as reading "this subpart", to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 114–95 redesignated part C of title IV of Pub. L. 89–10 as subpart 5 of part F of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which is classified to this subpart.
The Child Nutrition Act of 1966, referred to in par. (2), is Pub. L. 89–642, Oct. 11, 1966, 80 Stat. 885, which is classified generally to chapter 13A (§1771 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1771 of Title 42 and Tables.
The Social Security Act, referred to in par. (2)(A)(i), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§1395 et seq.) and XIX (§1396 et seq.), respectively, of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.
Section was classified to section 7182 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
1 See References in Text note below.
After January 8, 2002, no person shall permit smoking within any indoor facility owned or leased or contracted for, and utilized, by such person for provision of routine or regular kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services to children.
After January 8, 2002, no person shall permit smoking within any indoor facility (or portion of such a facility) owned or leased or contracted for, and utilized by, such person for the provision of regular or routine health care or day care or early childhood education programs.
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—
(A) any portion of such facility that is used for inpatient hospital treatment of individuals dependent on, or addicted to, drugs or alcohol; and
(B) any private residence.
After January 8, 2002, no Federal agency shall permit smoking within any indoor facility in the United States operated by such agency, directly or by contract, to provide routine or regular kindergarten, elementary, or secondary education or library services to children.
After January 8, 2002, no Federal agency shall permit smoking within any indoor facility (or portion of such facility) operated by such agency, directly or by contract, to provide routine or regular health or day care or early childhood education programs to children.
Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to—
(i) any portion of such facility that is used for inpatient hospital treatment of individuals dependent on, or addicted to, drugs or alcohol; and
(ii) any private residence.
The provisions of paragraph (2) shall also apply to the provision of such routine or regular kindergarten, elementary or secondary education or library services in the facilities described in paragraph (2) not subject to paragraph (1).
The prohibitions in subsections (a) through (c) shall be published in a notice in the Federal Register by the Secretary (in consultation with the heads of other affected agencies) and by such agency heads in funding arrangements involving the provision of children's services administered by such heads. Such prohibitions shall be effective 90 days after such notice is published, or 270 days after January 8, 2002, whichever occurs first.
Any failure to comply with a prohibition in this section shall be considered to be a violation of this section and any person subject to such prohibition who commits such violation may be liable to the United States for a civil penalty in an amount not to exceed $1,000 for each violation, or may be subject to an administrative compliance order, or both, as determined by the Secretary. Each day a violation continues shall constitute a separate violation. In the case of any civil penalty assessed under this section, the total amount shall not exceed 50 percent of the amount of Federal funds received under any subchapter of this chapter by such person for the fiscal year in which the continuing violation occurred. For the purpose of the prohibition in subsection (c), the term "person", as used in this paragraph, shall mean the head of the applicable Federal agency or the contractor of such agency providing the services to children.
A civil penalty may be assessed in a written notice, or an administrative compliance order may be issued under paragraph (1), by the Secretary only after an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with section 554 of title 5. Before making such assessment or issuing such order, or both, the Secretary shall give written notice of the assessment or order to such person by certified mail with return receipt and provide information in the notice of an opportunity to request in writing, not later than 30 days after the date of receipt of such notice, such hearing. The notice shall reasonably describe the violation and be accompanied with the procedures for such hearing and a simple form that may be used to request such hearing if such person desires to use such form. If a hearing is requested, the Secretary shall establish by such certified notice the time and place for such hearing, which shall be located, to the greatest extent possible, at a location convenient to such person. The Secretary (or the Secretary's designee) and such person may consult to arrange a suitable date and location where appropriate.
In determining the amount of the civil penalty or the nature of the administrative compliance order, the Secretary shall take into account, as appropriate—
(A) the nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation;
(B) with respect to the violator, any good faith efforts to comply, the importance of achieving early and permanent compliance, the ability to pay or comply, the effect of the penalty or order on the ability to continue operation, any prior history of the same kind of violation, the degree of culpability, and any demonstration of willingness to comply with the prohibitions of this section in a timely manner; and
(C) such other matters as justice may require.
The Secretary may, as appropriate, compromise, modify, or remit, with or without conditions, any civil penalty or administrative compliance order. In the case of a civil penalty, the amount, as finally determined by the Secretary or agreed upon in compromise, may be deducted from any sums that the United States or the agencies or instrumentalities of the United States owe to the person against whom the penalty is assessed.
Any person aggrieved by a penalty assessed or an order issued, or both, by the Secretary under this section may file a petition for judicial review of the order with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit or for any other circuit in which the person resides or transacts business. Such person shall provide a copy of the petition to the Secretary or the Secretary's designee. The petition shall be filed within 30 days after the Secretary's assessment or order, or both, are final and have been provided to such person by certified mail. The Secretary shall promptly provide to the court a certified copy of the transcript of any hearing held under this section and a copy of the notice or order.
If a person fails to pay an assessment of a civil penalty or comply with an order, after the assessment or order, or both, are final under this section, or after a court has entered a final judgment under paragraph (5) in favor of the Secretary, the Attorney General, at the request of the Secretary, shall recover the amount of the civil penalty (plus interest at prevailing rates from the day the assessment or order, or both, are final) or enforce the order in an action brought in the appropriate district court of the United States. In such action, the validity and appropriateness of the penalty or order or the amount of the penalty shall not be subject to review.
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8573, formerly title IV, §4303, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1774; renumbered title IX, §9563, renumbered title VIII, §8573, and amended Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(1), (4)(A), (B), (C)(ii), title VIII, §8001(a)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
Section was classified to section 7183 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.
2015—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(A), substituted "early childhood education programs" for "early childhood development (Head Start) services".
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(B)(i), substituted "education programs" for "development services" in heading.
Subsec. (c)(2)(A). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(B)(ii), substituted "education programs" for "development (Head Start) services".
Subsec. (e)(3)(C). Pub. L. 114–95, §4001(a)(1)(C), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C) which was missing an opening parenthesis before the subpar. designation and read as follows: "such other matters as justice may require."
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of this title.
Nothing in this subpart 1 is intended to preempt any provision of law of a State or political subdivision of a State that is more restrictive than a provision of this subpart.1
(Pub. L. 89–10, title VIII, §8574, formerly title IV, §4304, as added Pub. L. 107–110, title IV, §401, Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1776; renumbered title IX, §9564, renumbered title VIII, §8574, Pub. L. 114–95, title IV, §4001(a)(4)(A), (B), (C)(ii), title VIII, §8001(a)(9), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 1966, 2088, 2089.)
This subpart, referred to in text, was in the original "this part", and was translated as reading "this subpart", to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Pub. L. 114–95 redesignated part C of title IV of Pub. L. 89–10 as subpart 5 of part F of title VIII of Pub. L. 89–10, which is classified to this subpart.
Section was classified to section 7184 of this title prior to renumbering by Pub. L. 114–95.