In this chapter:

(1)

(2)

(A) sufficiently consistent (in terms of acquisition geometry, coverage characteristics, and spectral characteristics) with previous Landsat data to allow comparisons for global and regional change detection and characterization; and

(B) compatible with such data and with methods used to receive and process such data.

(3)

(A) may include—

(i) rectification of system and sensor distortions in land remote sensing data as it is received directly from the satellite in preparation for delivery to a user;

(ii) registration of such data with respect to features of the Earth; and

(iii) calibration of spectral response with respect to such data; but

(B) does not include conclusions, manipulations, or calculations derived from such data, or a combination of such data with other data.

(4)

(5)

(A) established by, and responsible to, the Administrator and the Secretary of Defense pursuant to section 60111(a) of this title; and

(B) consisting of appropriate officers and employees of the Administration, the Department of Defense, and any other United States Government agencies the President designates as responsible for the Landsat program.

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(A) such data shall not be used in connection with any bid for a commercial contract, development of a commercial product, or any other non-United States Government activity that is expected, or has the potential, to be profitmaking;

(B) the results of such activities are disclosed in a timely and complete fashion in the open technical literature or other method of public release, except when such disclosure by the United States Government or its contractors would adversely affect the national security or foreign policy of the United States or violate a provision of law or regulation; and

(C) such data shall not be distributed in competition with unenhanced data provided by the Landsat 6 contractor.

(11)

(12)

(13)

(A) United States Government agencies;

(B) researchers involved with the United States Global Change Research Program and its international counterpart programs; and

(C) other researchers and international entities that have signed with the United States Government a cooperative agreement involving the use of Landsat data for noncommercial purposes.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3409.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60101 | 15 U.S.C. 5602. | Pub. L. 102–555, §3, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4164. |


The definition of “Administrator” in section 3 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4164) is omitted as unnecessary because of the definition added by section 10101 of title 51.

Pub. L. 102–555, §2, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4163, provided that: “The Congress finds and declares the following:

“(1) The continuous collection and utilization of land remote sensing data from space are of major benefit in studying and understanding human impacts on the global environment, in managing the Earth's natural resources, in carrying out national security functions, and in planning and conducting many other activities of scientific, economic, and social importance.

“(2) The Federal Government's Landsat system established the United States as the world leader in land remote sensing technology.

“(3) The national interest of the United States lies in maintaining international leadership in satellite land remote sensing and in broadly promoting the beneficial use of remote sensing data.

“(4) The cost of Landsat data has impeded the use of such data for scientific purposes, such as for global environmental change research, as well as for other public sector applications.

“(5) Given the importance of the Landsat program to the United States, urgent actions, including expedited procurement procedures, are required to ensure data continuity.

“(6) Full commercialization of the Landsat program cannot be achieved within the foreseeable future, and thus should not serve as the near-term goal of national policy on land remote sensing; however, commercialization of land remote sensing should remain a long-term goal of United States policy.

“(7) Despite the success and importance of the Landsat system, funding and organizational uncertainties over the past several years have placed its future in doubt and have jeopardized United States leadership in land remote sensing.

“(8) Recognizing the importance of the Landsat program in helping to meet national and commercial objectives, the President approved, on February 11, 1992, a National Space Policy Directive which was developed by the National Space Council and commits the United States to ensuring the continuity of Landsat coverage into the 21st century.

“(9) Because Landsat data are particularly important for national security purposes and global environmental change research, management responsibilities for the program should be transferred from the Department of Commerce to an integrated program management involving the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

“(10) Regardless of management responsibilities for the Landsat program, the Nation's broad civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign policy interests in remote sensing will best be served by ensuring that Landsat remains an unclassified program that operates according to the principles of open skies and nondiscriminatory access.

“(11) Technological advances aimed at reducing the size and weight of satellite systems hold the potential for dramatic reductions in the cost, and substantial improvements in the capabilities, of future land remote sensing systems, but such technological advances have not been demonstrated for land remote sensing and therefore cannot be relied upon as the sole means of achieving data continuity for the Landsat program.

“(12) A technology demonstration program involving advanced remote sensing technologies could serve a vital role in determining the design of a follow-on spacecraft to Landsat 7, while also helping to determine whether such a spacecraft should be funded by the United States Government, by the private sector, or by an international consortium.

“(13) To maximize the value of the Landsat program to the American public, unenhanced Landsat 4 through 6 data should be made available, at a minimum, to United States Government agencies, to global environmental change researchers, and to other researchers who are financially supported by the United States Government, at the cost of fulfilling user requests, and unenhanced Landsat 7 data should be made available to all users at the cost of fulfilling user requests.

“(14) To stimulate development of the commercial market for unenhanced data and value-added services, the United States Government should adopt a data policy for Landsat 7 which allows competition within the private sector for distribution of unenhanced data and value-added services.

“(15) Development of the remote sensing market and the provision of commercial value-added services based on remote sensing data should remain exclusively the function of the private sector.

“(16) It is in the best interest of the United States to maintain a permanent, comprehensive Government archive of global Landsat and other land remote sensing data for long-term monitoring and study of the changing global environment.”

[For definition of terms used in section 2 of Pub. L. 102–555, set out above, see section 3 of Pub. L. 102–555, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4164, which was classified to former section 5602 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and was repealed and reenacted as this section by Pub. L. 111–314, §§3, 6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3328, 3444.]

(a)

(b)

(1) specify that the fundamental goal of the Landsat Program Management is the continuity of unenhanced Landsat data through the acquisition and operation of a Landsat 7 satellite as quickly as practicable which is, at a minimum, functionally equivalent to the Landsat 6 satellite, with the addition of a tracking and data relay satellite communications capability;

(2) include a baseline funding profile that—

(A) is mutually acceptable to the Administration and the Department of Defense for the period covering the development and operation of Landsat 7; and

(B) provides for total funding responsibility of the Administration and the Department of Defense, respectively, to be approximately equal to the funding responsibility of the other as spread across the development and operational life of Landsat 7;

(3) specify that any improvements over the Landsat 6 functional equivalent capability for Landsat 7 will be funded by a specific sponsoring agency or agencies, in a manner agreed to by the Landsat Program Management, if the required funding exceeds the baseline funding profile required by paragraph (2), and that additional improvements will be sought only if the improvements will not jeopardize data continuity; and

(4) provide for a technology demonstration program whose objective shall be the demonstration of advanced land remote sensing technologies that may potentially yield a system which is less expensive to build and operate, and more responsive to data users, than is the current Landsat system.

(c)

(1) Landsat 7 procurement, launch, and operations;

(2) ensuring that the operation of the Landsat system is responsive to the broad interests of the civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign users of the Landsat system;

(3) ensuring that all unenhanced Landsat data remain unclassified and that, except as provided in subsections (a) and (b) of section 60146 of this title, no restrictions are placed on the availability of unenhanced data;

(4) ensuring that land remote sensing data of high priority locations will be acquired by the Landsat 7 system as required to meet the needs of the United States Global Change Research Program, as established in the Global Change Research Act of 1990 (15 U.S.C. 2921 et seq.), and to meet the needs of national security users;

(5) Landsat data responsibilities pursuant to this chapter;

(6) oversight of Landsat contracts entered into under sections 102 1 and 103 1 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4168);

(7) coordination of a technology demonstration program pursuant to section 60133 of this title; and

(8) ensuring that copies of data acquired by the Landsat system are provided to the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive.

(d)

(e)

(1)

(A) a broad range of perspectives on basic and applied science and operational needs with respect to land remote sensing data;

(B) the full spectrum of users of Landsat data, including representatives from United States Government agencies, State and local government agencies, academic institutions, nonprofit organizations, value-added companies, the agricultural, mineral extraction, and other user industries, and the public; and

(C) a broad diversity of age groups, sexes, and races.

(2)

(A) reports the public comments received pursuant to paragraph (1); and

(B) includes—

(i) a response to the public comments received pursuant to paragraph (1);

(ii) information on the volume of use, by category, of data from the Landsat system; and

(iii) any recommendations for policy or programmatic changes to improve the utility and operation of the Landsat system.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3411.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60111 | 15 U.S.C. 5611. | Pub. L. 102–555, title I, §101, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4166. |


In subsection (b), in the matter before paragraph (1), after the words “funding expectations for the Landsat”, the word “program” is set out without being capitalized to correct an error in the law.

In subsection (c)(6), the words “sections 102 and 103 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4168)” are substituted for “sections 102 and 103” to clarify the reference. The reference to sections 102 and 103 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 is retained in text, notwithstanding the fact that sections 102 and 103 of the Act are repealed as obsolete, because oversight responsibilities may continue for contracts entered into under the now obsolete provisions.

In subsection (e)(2), in the matter before subparagraph (A), the word “biennially” is substituted for “Within 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act and biennially thereafter,” to eliminate obsolete language.

The Global Change Research Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 101–606, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3096, which is classified generally to chapter 56A (§2921 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2921 of Title 15 and Tables.

Sections 102 and 103 of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992, referred to in subsec. (c)(6), which were classified to sections 5612 and 5613, respectively, of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, were repealed by Pub. L. 111–314, §6, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 5444, which Act enacted this title.

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title II, §243, Oct. 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 2360, as amended by Pub. L. 103–35, title II, §202(a)(3), May 31, 1993, 107 Stat. 101, provided that: “The Secretary of Defense is authorized to contract for the development and procurement of, and support for operations of, the Landsat vehicle designated as Landsat 7.” Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 102–396, title IX, §9082A, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1920.

1 See References in Text note below.

The responsibilities of the Secretary with respect to Landsat 6 shall be transferred to the Landsat Program Management, as agreed to between the Secretary and the Landsat Program Management, pursuant to section 60111 of this title.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3413.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60112 | 15 U.S.C. 5614. | Pub. L. 102–555, title I, §104, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4170. |


(a)

(1) ensure that unenhanced data are available to all users at the cost of fulfilling user requests;

(2) ensure timely and dependable delivery of unenhanced data to the full spectrum of civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign users and the National Satellite Land Remote Sensing Data Archive;

(3) ensure that the United States retains ownership of all unenhanced data generated by Landsat 7;

(4) support the development of the commercial market for remote sensing data;

(5) ensure that the provision of commercial value-added services based on remote sensing data remains exclusively the function of the private sector; and

(6) to the extent possible, ensure that the data distribution system for Landsat 7 is compatible with the Earth Observing System Data and Information System.

(b)

(1) United States private sector entities to operate ground receiving stations in the United States for Landsat 7 data;

(2) other means for direct access by private sector entities to unenhanced data from Landsat 7; and

(3) the United States Government to charge a per image fee, license fee, or other such fee to entities operating ground receiving stations or distributing Landsat 7 data.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3413.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60113 | 15 U.S.C. 5615(a), (b). | Pub. L. 102–555, title I, §105(a), (b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4170. |


(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) such data are generated by a system for which all or a substantial part of the development, fabrication, launch, or operations costs have been or will be directly funded by the United States Government; or

(B) it is in the interest of the United States to require such data to be provided by the licensee consistent with section 60122(b)(3) of this title, after considering the impact on the licensee and the importance of promoting widespread access to remote sensing data from United States and foreign systems.

(3)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3413.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60121 | 15 U.S.C. 5621. | Pub. L. 102–555, title II, §201, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4171; Pub. L. 105–303, title I, §107(f)(1), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2854. |


In subsection (b)(2), the words “within 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Commercial Space Act of 1998” are omitted as obsolete.

Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title X, §1064, Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2653, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

(a)

(b)

(1) operate the system in such manner as to preserve the national security of the United States and to observe the international obligations of the United States in accordance with section 60146 of this title;

(2) make available to the government of any country (including the United States) unenhanced data collected by the system concerning the territory under the jurisdiction of such government as soon as such data are available and on reasonable terms and conditions;

(3) make unenhanced data designated by the Secretary in the license pursuant to section 60121(e) of this title available in accordance with section 60141 of this title;

(4) upon termination of operations under the license, make disposition of any satellites in space in a manner satisfactory to the President;

(5) furnish the Secretary with complete orbit and data collection characteristics of the system, and inform the Secretary immediately of any deviation; and

(6) notify the Secretary of any significant or substantial agreement the licensee intends to enter with a foreign nation, entity, or consortium involving foreign nations or entities.

(c)

(1) notify the Secretary of any value added activities (as defined by the Secretary by regulation) that will be conducted by the Landsat 6 contractor or by a subsidiary or affiliate; and

(2) if such activities are to be conducted, provide the Secretary with a plan for compliance with section 60141 of this title.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3415.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60122 | 15 U.S.C. 5622. | Pub. L. 102–555, title II, §202, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4172; Pub. L. 105–303, title I, §107(f)(2), Oct. 28, 1998, 112 Stat. 2854. |


In subsection (c), in the matter before paragraph (1), the words “subsection (b)” are substituted for “paragraph (b)” to correct an error in the law.

(a)

(1) grant, condition, or transfer licenses under this chapter;

(2) seek an order of injunction or similar judicial determination from a district court of the United States with personal jurisdiction over the licensee to terminate, modify, or suspend licenses under this subchapter and to terminate licensed operations on an immediate basis, if the Secretary determines that the licensee has substantially failed to comply with any provisions of this chapter, with any terms, conditions, or restrictions of such license, or with any international obligations or national security concerns of the United States;

(3) provide penalties for noncompliance with the requirements of licenses or regulations issued under this subchapter, including civil penalties not to exceed $10,000 (each day of operation in violation of such licenses or regulations constituting a separate violation);

(4) compromise, modify, or remit any such civil penalty;

(5) issue subpoenas for any materials, documents, or records, or for the attendance and testimony of witnesses for the purpose of conducting a hearing under this section;

(6) seize any object, record, or report pursuant to a warrant from a magistrate based on a showing of probable cause to believe that such object, record, or report was used, is being used, or is likely to be used in violation of this chapter or the requirements of a license or regulation issued thereunder; and

(7) make investigations and inquiries and administer to or take from any person an oath, affirmation, or affidavit concerning any matter relating to the enforcement of this chapter.

(b)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3415.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60123 | 15 U.S.C. 5623. | Pub. L. 102–555, title II, §203, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4172. |


In subsection (a), at the end of paragraph (2), a semicolon is substituted for the period to correct an error in the law.

The Secretary may issue regulations to carry out this subchapter. Such regulations shall be promulgated only after public notice and comment in accordance with the provisions of section 553 of title 5.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3416.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60124 | 15 U.S.C. 5624. | Pub. L. 102–555, title II, §204, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4173. |


(a)

(1) the system operator agrees to reimburse the Government in a timely manner for all related costs incurred with respect to such utilization, including a reasonable and proportionate share of fixed, platform, data transmission, and launch costs; and

(2) such utilization would not interfere with or otherwise compromise intended civilian Government missions, as determined by the agency responsible for such civilian platform.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3416.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60125 | 15 U.S.C. 5625. | Pub. L. 102–555, title II, §205, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4173. |


The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (e), is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) conduct experimental space remote sensing programs (including applications demonstration programs and basic research at universities);

(B) develop remote sensing technologies and techniques, including those needed for monitoring the Earth and its environment; and

(C) conduct such research and development in cooperation with other United States Government agencies and with public and private research entities (including private industry, universities, non-profit organizations, State and local governments, foreign governments, and international organizations) and to enter into arrangements (including joint ventures) which will foster such cooperation.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3417.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60131 | 15 U.S.C. 5631. | Pub. L. 102–555, title III, §301, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3417.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60132 | 15 U.S.C. 5632. | Pub. L. 102–555, title III, §302, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174. |


In subsection (b), the word “affect” is substituted for “effect” to correct an error in the law.

(a)

(1) seek to launch advanced land remote sensing system components within 5 years after October 28, 1992;

(2) demonstrate within such 5-year period advanced sensor capabilities suitable for use in the anticipated land remote sensing program; and

(3) demonstrate within such 5-year period an advanced land remote sensing system design that could be less expensive to procure and operate than the Landsat system projected to be in operation through the year 2000, and that therefore holds greater potential for private sector investment and control.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3418.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60133 | 15 U.S.C. 5633(a)–(e). | Pub. L. 102–555, title III, §303(a)–(e), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4174. |


In subsection (a)(1), the date “October 28, 1992” is substituted for “the date of the enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4163). At the end of paragraph (1), a semicolon is substituted for the period to correct an error in the law.

(a)

(b)

(1) to encourage the development, launch, and operation of a land remote sensing system that adequately serves the civilian, national security, commercial, and foreign policy interests of the United States;

(2) to encourage the development, launch, and operation of a land remote sensing system that maintains data continuity with the Landsat system; and

(3) to incorporate system enhancements, including any such enhancements developed under the technology demonstration program under section 60133 of this title, which may potentially yield a system that is less expensive to build and operate, and more responsive to data users, than is the Landsat system otherwise projected to be in operation in the future.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3418.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60134(a) | 15 U.S.C. 5641(c). | Pub. L. 102–555, title IV, §401(b), (c), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4176. |

60134(b) | 15 U.S.C. 5641(b). |


In subsection (b), in the matter before paragraph (1), the words “In carrying out subsection (a), the Landsat Program Management shall consider the ability of each of the options to” are omitted as obsolete. The omitted words refer to section 401(a) of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (15 U.S.C. 5641(a)), which required, within 5 years after October 28, 1992, the Landsat Program Management, in consultation with representatives of appropriate United States Government agencies, to assess and report to Congress on options for a successor land remote sensing system to Landsat 7.

In subsection (b)(3), the words “otherwise projected to be in operation in the future” are substituted for “projected to be in operation through the year 2000” to eliminate obsolete language.

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3419.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60141 | 15 U.S.C. 5651. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §501, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4176. |


(a)

(1) maintain an archive of land remote sensing data for historical, scientific, and technical purposes, including long-term global environmental monitoring;

(2) control the content and scope of the archive; and

(3) ensure the quality, integrity, and continuity of the archive.

(b)

(c)

(1) use as a baseline the data archived on October 28, 1992;

(2) take into account future technical and scientific developments and needs, paying particular attention to the anticipated data requirements of global environmental change research;

(3) consult with and seek the advice of users and producers of remote sensing data and data products;

(4) consider the need for data which may be duplicative in terms of geographical coverage but which differ in terms of season, spectral bands, resolution, or other relevant factors;

(5) include, as the Secretary of the Interior considers appropriate, unenhanced data generated either by the Landsat system, pursuant to subchapter II, or by licensees under subchapter III;

(6) include, as the Secretary of the Interior considers appropriate, data collected by foreign ground stations or by foreign remote sensing space systems; and

(7) ensure that the content of the archive is developed in accordance with section 60146 of this title.

(d)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3419.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60142 | 15 U.S.C. 5652. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §502, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4176. |


In subsection (b), the words “hereafter in this section” are substituted for “hereinafter” for clarity.

In subsection (c), in the matter before paragraph (1), the words “of the Interior” are substituted for “of Interior” to correct an error in the law.

In subsection (c)(1), the date “October 28, 1992” is substituted for “the date of enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4163).

Unenhanced data distributed by any licensee under subchapter III may be sold on the condition that such data will not be reproduced or disseminated by the purchaser for commercial purposes.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3420.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60143 | 15 U.S.C. 5653. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §503, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4177. |


The Administrator, the Secretary of Defense, and the heads of other United States Government agencies may provide assistance to land remote sensing system operators under the provisions of this chapter. Substantial assistance shall be reimbursed by the operator, except as otherwise provided by law.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3420.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60144 | 15 U.S.C. 5654. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §504, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4177. |


The Landsat Program Management may, by means of a competitive process, allow a licensee under subchapter III or any other private party to buy, lease, or otherwise acquire the use of equipment from the Landsat system, when such equipment is no longer needed for the operation of such system or for the sale of data from such system. Officials of other United States Government civilian agencies are authorized and encouraged to cooperate with the Secretary in carrying out this section.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3420.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60145 | 15 U.S.C. 5655. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §505, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4177. |


(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3420.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60146 | 15 U.S.C. 5656. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §506, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4177. |


The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is act June 19, 1934, ch. 652, 48 Stat. 1064, which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radiotelegraphs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 609 of Title 47 and Tables.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3421.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60147 | 15 U.S.C. 5657. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §507, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4178. |


(a)

(b)

(1) receives unenhanced data from the Landsat system under this chapter solely for noncommercial purposes (and at a different price than the price at which such data are made available for other purposes); and

(2) uses such data for other than noncommercial purposes.

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3421.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60148 | 15 U.S.C. 5658. | Pub. L. 102–555, title V, §508, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4179. |


In subsection (d), in the second sentence, the words “have been, or are being” are substituted for “has been, or is being” to correct an error in the law.

Neither the President nor any other official of the Government shall make any effort to lease, sell, or transfer to the private sector, or commercialize, any portion of the weather satellite systems operated by the Department of Commerce or any successor agency.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3422.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60161 | 15 U.S.C. 5671. | Pub. L. 102–555, title VI, §601, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4179. |


Regardless of any change in circumstances subsequent to October 28, 1992, even if such change makes it appear to be in the national interest to commercialize weather satellites, neither the President nor any official shall take any action prohibited by section 60161 of this title unless this subchapter has first been repealed.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3422.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60162 | 15 U.S.C. 5672. | Pub. L. 102–555, title VI, §602, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4180. |


The date “October 28, 1992” is substituted for “the enactment of this Act” to reflect the date of enactment of the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act of 1992 (Public Law 102–555, 106 Stat. 4163).


In this chapter:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3423.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60301 | 42 U.S.C. 16671. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §311, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2920. |


The Administrator shall—

(1) develop a sustained relationship with the United States commercial remote sensing industry and, consistent with applicable policies and law, to the maximum practicable, rely on their services; and

(2) in conjunction with United States industry and universities, research, develop, and demonstrate prototype Earth science applications to enhance Federal, State, local, and tribal governments’ use of government and commercial remote sensing data, technologies, and other sources of geospatial information for improved decision support to address their needs.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3423.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60302 | 42 U.S.C. 16672. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §312, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2920. |


(a)

(b)

(1) make use of commercial data sets, including high resolution commercial satellite imagery and derived satellite data products, existing public data sets where commercial data sets are not available or applicable, or the fusion of such data sets;

(2) integrate multiple sources of geospatial information, such as geographic information system data, satellite-provided positioning data, and remotely sensed data, in innovative ways;

(3) include funds or in-kind contributions from non-Federal sources;

(4) involve the participation of commercial entities that process raw or lightly processed data, often merging that data with other geospatial information, to create data products that have significant value added to the original data; and

(5) taken together demonstrate as diverse a set of public sector applications as possible.

(c)

(1) in the development of commercial applications potentially available from the remote sensing industry; and

(2) State, local, regional, and tribal agencies in applying remote sensing and other geospatial information technologies for growth management.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3423.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60303 | 42 U.S.C. 16673. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §313, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2921. |


(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60304 | 42 U.S.C. 16674. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §314, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2921. |


Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (a), is section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

The Administrator shall ensure that the results of each of the pilot projects completed under section 60303 of this title shall be retrievable through an electronic, internet-accessible database.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60305 | 42 U.S.C. 16675. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §315, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2922. |


The Administrator shall establish an educational outreach program to increase awareness at institutions of higher education and State, local, regional, and tribal agencies of the potential applications of remote sensing and other geospatial information and awareness of the need for geospatial workforce development.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3424.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60306 | 42 U.S.C. 16676. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §316, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2922. |



The goal for the Administration's Earth Science program shall be to pursue a program of Earth observations, research, and applications activities to better understand the Earth, how it supports life, and how human activities affect its ability to do so in the future. In pursuit of this goal, the Administration's Earth Science program shall ensure that securing practical benefits for society will be an important measure of its success in addition to securing new knowledge about the Earth system and climate change. In further pursuit of this goal, the Administration shall, together with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and other relevant agencies, provide United States leadership in developing and carrying out a cooperative international Earth observations-based research program.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60501 | 42 U.S.C. 17711. | Pub. L. 110–422, title II, §201, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4784. |


Pub. L. 106–391, title III, §315, Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1595, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A) to provide a comprehensive view of vegetation conditions;

“(B) to assess and model agricultural carbon sequestration; and

“(C) to encourage the development of commercial products, as appropriate.

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) the mapping of carbon-sequestering land use and land cover;

“(B) the monitoring of changes in land cover and management;

“(C) new approaches for the remote sensing of soil carbon; and

“(D) region-scale carbon sequestration estimation.

“(b)

Pub. L. 102–588, title I, §102(g), Nov. 4, 1992, 106 Stat. 5111, provided that:

“(1) The Administrator [of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration] shall carry out an Earth Observing System program that addresses the highest priority international climate change research goals as defined by the Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

“(2)(A) Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 4, 1992], the Administrator shall submit to Congress a plan which will ensure that the highest priority measurements are maintained on schedule to the greatest extent practicable while lower priority measurements are deferred, deleted, or obtained through other means.

“(B) Within 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Core System of the Earth Observing System Data and Information System, the Administrator shall submit to Congress a Development Plan which—

“(i) identifies the highest risk elements of the development effort and the key advanced technologies required to significantly increase scientific productivity;

“(ii) provides a plan for the development of one or more prototype systems for use in reducing the development risk of critical system elements and obtaining feedback for scientific users;

“(iii) provides a plan for research into key advanced technologies;

“(iv) identifies sufficient resources for carrying out the Development Plan; and

“(v) identifies how the Earth Observing System Data Information System will connect to and utilize other federally-supported research networks, including the National Research and Education Network.”

(a)

(b)

(c)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60502(a) | 42 U.S.C. 17712(b). | Pub. L. 110–422, title II, §204(b), (c), (d), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785. |

60502(b) | 42 U.S.C. 17712(c). | |

60502(c) | 42 U.S.C. 17712(d). |


Congress reauthorizes the Administration to continue with development of the Glory Mission, which will examine how aerosols and solar energy affect the Earth's climate.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60503 | 42 U.S.C. 17713(a). | Pub. L. 110–422, title II, §206(a), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4785. |


The Administrator shall ensure that the Administration gives high priority to those parts of its existing cooperative activities with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that are related to the study of tornadoes and other severe storms, tornado-force winds, and other factors determined to influence the development of tornadoes and other severe storms, with the goal of improving the Nation's ability to predict tornados and other severe storms. Further, the Administrator shall examine whether there are additional cooperative activities with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that should be undertaken in the area of tornado and severe storm research.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3425.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60504 | 42 U.S.C. 17714. | Pub. L. 110–422, title II, §208, Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4786. |


(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3426.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60505 | 42 U.S.C. 16656. | Pub. L. 109–155, title III, §306, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2919. |


In subsection (b), the words “beginning with the first fiscal year after the date of enactment of this Act [December 30, 2005]” are omitted as obsolete.

In subsection (b), the words “Committee on Science and Technology” are substituted for “Committee on Science” on authority of Rule X(1)(*o*) of the Rules of the House of Representatives, adopted by House Resolution No. 6 (110th Congress, January 5, 2007).

The Administrator shall work to ensure that the Administration's policies on the sharing of climate related data respond to the recommendations of the Government Accountability Office's report on climate change research and data-sharing policies and to the recommendations on the processing, distribution, and archiving of data by the National Academies Earth Science Decadal Survey, “Earth Science and Applications from Space”, and other relevant National Academies reports, to enhance and facilitate their availability and widest possible use to ensure public access to accurate and current data on global warming.

(Pub. L. 111–314, §3, Dec. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 3426.)

Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
---|---|---|

60506 | 42 U.S.C. 17825(c). | Pub. L. 110–422, title XI, §1109(c), Oct. 15, 2008, 122 Stat. 4811. |