This title was enacted by Pub. L. 85–767, §1, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885



**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(e)(2), title V, 5201(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1248, 1780, added items for chapters 5 and 6 and struck out item for former chapter 5 “Research and Technology”.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5101(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 422, added item for chapter 5.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(b)(3), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, added item for chapter 4.

Title 23 Former Sections | Title 23 New Sections |
---|---|

1 | Rep. |

2 | 101 |

2a | 101(a) |

2b | 101(a) |

3 | Rep. |

3a | Rep. |

3b | Rep. |

4 | Rep. |

5 | Rep. |

6 | 103(b), (e), 105(c), 121(c) |

6–1 | 103(c) |

6a | 103(d) |

6a–1 | 105(d) |

6a–2 | 310 |

6b | Rep. |

6c | Rep. |

7 | 110(a) |

8 | 109(a) |

8a | 109(a), 112(a) |

9 | 301 |

9a | 129(a) |

9a–1 | Rep. |

9b | 129(a) |

10 | 109(a) |

10a | Rep. |

10b | Rep. |

10c | Rep. |

11 | Rep. |

12 | 105(a), 106(a), (c), 121(d) |

12a | 121(c) |

12b | Rep. |

13 | 114(a) |

13–1 | 112(b), (c) |

13a | Rep. |

13b | 103(d) |

14 | 121(a), (b), (e) |

14a | Elim. |

15 | Rep. |

16 | Rep. |

17 | 316 |

18 | 317(a)–(c) |

19 | 315 |

20 | Rep. |

20a | Rep. |

21 | 104(a), (b)(1) |

21–1 | 307(a), (b) |

21a | 104(b), 105(a), 106(a), 114(a), 118(a), (c) |

21a–1 | Rep. |

21a–2 | Elim. |

21b | Rep. |

21c | 311 |

21d | Rep. |

21e | 122 |

22 | 104(e) |

23 | 101(a), 202(b), 204(a)–(c), 205(a)–(c) |

23a | Rep. |

23b | Rep. |

23b–1 | Rep. |

23c | 205(c) |

24 | Rep. |

24a | 109(e) |

25 | Rep. |

26 | Rep. |

41 | 101(a), 105(e) |

41a | 101(a), 103(b) |

41b | 101(a), 103(b) |

42 | Rep. |

43 | Rep. |

44 | Rep. |

45 | Elim. |

46 | See T. 18 §1020 |

47–53 | Rep. |

54 | Elim. |

54a | Rep. |

54b | Elim. |

55 | 126 |

55a | Rep. |

55b | 126(b) |

56 | Rep. |

57 | 314 |

58 | Elim. |

59 | Elim. |

59a | Rep. |

60 | 103(d) |

61 | 307(c) |

62 | 318 |

63 | 109(d) |

64 | 320(a) |

65 | 320(b) |

66 | 320(c) |

67 | 320(d) |

68 | 320(e) |

69 | 320(f) |

70 | 313 |

71 | 303(a) |

72 | 303 note |

73 | 303(a) |

101 | Rep. |

101a | Rep. |

102 | Rep. |

103 | Rep. |

104 | Rep. |

105 | Rep. |

106 | 210(a), (b) |

107 | Rep. |

108 | Rep. |

109 | Rep. |

110 | Rep. |

111 | Rep. |

112 | Rep. |

113 | Rep. |

114 | 210(e) |

115 | 308(a) |

116 | Rep. |

117 | 312 |

151(a) | 104 note |

151(b), (c) | 104(c), 117(a)–(c), 118(b) |

152 | 204(f), 205(d) |

153 | 206(a), 207(a), 208(a), (b) |

154 | 209(a) |

155 | 203 |

156 | 101(b), 103(f), 104(b)(1), 116(d), 119(a), (b), 120(h) |

157 | 103(d) |

158(a) | 101(b) |

158(b) | 101 note |

158(c) | 104(b)(4) |

158(d) | 104(b)(5) |

158(d) | 104 note |

158(e) | 120(c) |

158(f), (g) | 118(c) |

158(h) | 115 |

158(i) | 109(b) |

158(j) | 127 |

158(k) | 307 note |

159 | 107 |

160 | 108 |

161 | 124 |

162 | 123 |

163 | 111 |

164 | 129(b)–(d) |

165 | Elim. |

166 | 113 |

167 | 101(b), 128(a), (b), 304 |

168 | Elim. |

169 (less last proviso) | Rep. |

169 (last proviso) | Elim. |

170 | 305 |

171 | 306 |

172 | Rep. |

173 | 120 note |

174 | 307 note |

175 | Elim. |


Section 1 of Pub. L 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885, provided in part that this title may be cited as “Title 23, United States Code, §—”.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 919, repealed the sections or parts of sections of the Revised Statutes or Statutes at Large covering provisions codified in this title.

Section 3 of Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that:

“(a) If any provision of title 23, as enacted by section 1 of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the title and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.

“(b) The provisions of this Act shall be subject to Reorganization Plan Numbered 5 of 1950 (64 Stat. 1263) [set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees].”

Section 4 of Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 921, provided that: “Any rights or liabilities now existing under prior Acts or portions thereof shall not be affected by the repeal of such prior Acts or portions under section 2 of this Act.”

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §357(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625, provided that: “The Secretary [of Transportation] shall, by March 31, 1997, prepare and submit to Congress a draft legislative proposal of necessary technical and conforming amendments to title 23, United States Code, and related laws.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1066, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2006, provided that the Secretary of Transportation was to have prepared, by Oct. 1, 1993, a proposed recodification of title 23, United States Code, and related laws for submission to Congress for consideration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §357(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625.

1 So in original. Does not conform to chapter heading.


**2008**—Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(m)(3)(C), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576, struck out “replacement and rehabilitation” after “Highway bridge” in item 144.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(b), title VI, §6002(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456, 1865, which directed amendment of the analysis for “such subchapter” by adding items 139 and 147 and by striking out former item 147 “Priority primary routes”, was executed by making the amendment to the analysis for this chapter which did not contain subchapters to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(e)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(b)(6)(A), (e)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247, before item 101, struck out item for subchapter I “GENERAL PROVISIONS”, and at end, struck out item for subchapter II “INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE”, items 181 “Definitions”, 182 “Determination of eligibility and project selection”, 183 “Secured loans”, 184 “Lines of credit”, 185 “Program administration”, 186 “State and local permits”, 187 “Regulations”, 188 “Funding”, and 189 “Report to Congress”, and subchapter I heading “GENERAL PROVISIONS”.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1104(b), 1120(b), 1121(b)(2), 1401(a)(2), 1601(i), title VI, §6001(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1165, 1192, 1196, 1225, 1243, 1857, added items 105, 134, 135, 148, 165, 166, and 185 and struck out former items 105 “Minimum guarantee”, 134 “Metropolitan planning”, 135 “Statewide planning”, 148 “Development of a national scenic and recreational highway”, and 185 “Project servicing”.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §102(b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753, struck out item 110 “Uniform transferability of Federal-aid highway funds”, added item 126, and made technical amendment to item 163.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(*l*)(5), 1226(d), 1405(b), 1406(b), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §§9002(c)(1), 9003(a), 9005(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, 837, 843, struck out item 126 “Diversion” and item 150 “Allocation of urban system funds”, and added items 154 and 164.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1104(b), 1105(b), 1106(c)(2)(A), 1114(b)(1), 1203(n), 1219(b), 1301(d)(2), 1303(b), 1305(d), 1310(b), 1403(b), 1404(b), 1503(b), 1601(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 129, 131, 136, 154, 179, 221, 226, 227, 229, 235, 240, 241, 250, 256, added item for subchapter I, substituted “Minimum guarantee” for “Programs” in item 105, “Project approval and oversight” for “Plans, specifications, and estimates” in item 106, “Advance acquisition of real property” for “Advance acquisition of rights-of-way” in item 108, and “Revenue aligned budget authority” for “Project agreements” in item 110, added item 110 relating to uniform transferability of Federal-aid highway funds, substituted “High priority projects program” for “Certification acceptance” in item 117, made technical amendment to item 134, struck out item 139 “Additions to Interstate System”, substituted “Highway use tax evasion projects” for “Economic growth center development highways” in item 143, “Proceeds from the sale or lease of real property” for “Income from airspace rights-of-way” in item 156, and “Safety incentive grants for use of seat belts” for “Minimum allocation” in item 157, added items 162 and 163, item for subchapter II, and items 181 to 189, and added subchapter I heading before section 101.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(d)(2), title III, §§311(c), 320(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577, 584, 590, substituted “Payments” for “Payment” and “and other debt instrument financing” for “retirement” in item 122, struck out item 154 “National maximum speed limit”, and added item 161.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1007(a)(2), 1008(c), 1009(e)(2), 1014(b), 1016(f)(3), 1024(c)(1), 1025(b), 1031(a)(2), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1930, 1933, 1934, 1942, 1946, 1962, 1965, 1973, substituted “Program efficiencies” for “Authorizations” in item 102, substituted “maintenance program” for “System resurfacing” in item 119, added item 133, substituted “Metropolitan planning” for “Transportation planning in certain urban areas” in item 134, substituted “Statewide planning” for “Traffic operations improvement programs” in item 135, substituted “Congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program” for “Truck lanes” in item 149, and added items 153 and 160.

Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(b), (c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947, added item 159 and repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333(b), which added former item 159. See 1990 Amendment note below.

**1990**—Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §333(b), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2186, which added item 159, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947. Section 333(d) of Pub. L. 102–143 provided that the amendments made by section 333 of Pub. L. 101–516 shall be treated as having not been enacted into law.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§113(d)(2), 114(e)(5), 125(b)(1), 126(b), 133(b)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 150, 153, 167, 171, substituted “Advance construction” for “Construction by States in advance of apportionment” in item 115, and “Availability of funds” for “Availability of sums apportioned” in item 118, struck out “and width” after “Vehicle weight” in item 127, substituted “Carpool and vanpool projects” for identical words in item 146, “National bridge inspection program” for “Pavement marking demonstration program” in item 151, and “Income from airspace rights-of-way” for “Highways crossing Federal projects” in item 156.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–363, §6(b), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 437, added item 158.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §119(c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2111, substituted “Nondiscrimination” for “Equal employment opportunity” in item 140.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §150(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2132, added item 157.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599, §§116(c), 124(b), 168(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2699, 2705, 2723, substituted “Interstate System resurfacing” for “Repealed” in item 119, “Highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation program” for “Special bridge replacement program” in item 144, “Hazard elimination program” for “Projects for high-hazard locations” in item 152, and “Repealed” for “Program for the elimination of roadside obstacles” in item 153.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§123(b), 128(b), 132(b), 139, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 439–441, 443, substituted item 135 “Traffic operations improvement programs” for “Urban area traffic operations improvement programs”; substituted item 146 “Repealed” for “Special urban high density traffic programs”; added item 156 “Highways crossing Federal projects”; and substituted item lll “Agreements relating to use of and access to rights-of-way—Interstate System” for “Use of and access to rights-of-way—Interstate System” and substituted items 119 and 133 “Repealed” for “Administration of Federal-aid for highways in Alaska” and “Relocation assistance”, respectively.

**1975**—Pub. L. 93–643, §§107(b), 114(b), 115(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284, 2286, 2287, substituted item 141 reading “Enforcement of requirements” for prior text reading “Real property acquisition policies”, and added items 154 and 155.

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§116(b), 121(b), 123(b), 125(b), 126(b), 129(c), 142(b), 157(b), title II, §§205(b), 209(b), 210(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 258, 261, 263, 264, 266, 272, 278, 285, 287, 288, substituted “Certification acceptance” for “Secondary road responsibilities” in item 117, “Public transportation” for “Urban highway public transportation” in item 142, and added items 145 to 153.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§111(b), 127(b), 134(b), title II, §204(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1720, 1731, 1734, 1742, added items 142, 143, 144, and substituted “Fringe and corridor parking facilities” for “Limitation on authorization of appropriations for certain purposes” in item 137.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–495, §§10(b), 12(b), 16(b), 22(b), 25(c), 35(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820, 822, 823, 827, 829, 836, added items 135, 139, 140, and 141 and substituted “Prevailing rate of wage” for “Prevailing rate of wage—Interstate System” in item 113 and “Construction by States in advance of apportionment” for “Construction by States in advance of apportionment—Interstate System” in item 115.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–574, §§8(c)(2), 15(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769, 771, added items 137 and 138.

Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(b)(1), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734, struck out item 135 relating to highway safety programs.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–285, title I, §102, title II, §202, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1030, 1032, substituted “Control of outdoor advertising” for “Areas adjacent to the Interstate System” in item 131, and added item 136.

Pub. L. 89–139, §4(b), Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 579, added item 135.

**1962**—Pub. L. 87–866, §§5(b), 9(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147, 1148, added items 133 and 134.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–657, §§4(b), 5(b), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 523, included ferries in item 129 and added item 132.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) locating, surveying, and mapping (including the establishment of temporary and permanent geodetic markers in accordance with specifications of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the Department of Commerce);

(B) resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation;

(C) acquisition of rights-of-way;

(D) relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, and acquisition and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing;

(E) elimination of hazards of railway grade crossings;

(F) elimination of roadside obstacles;

(G) improvements that directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas; and

(H) capital improvements that directly facilitate an effective vehicle weight enforcement program, such as scales (fixed and portable), scale pits, scale installation, and scale houses.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(A) a road, street, and parkway;

(B) a right-of-way, bridge, railroad-highway crossing, tunnel, drainage structure, sign, guardrail, and protective structure, in connection with a highway; and

(C) a portion of any interstate or international bridge or tunnel and the approaches thereto, the cost of which is assumed by a State transportation department, including such facilities as may be required by the United States Customs and Immigration Services in connection with the operation of an international bridge or tunnel.

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(A) means (i) a capital improvement for installation of traffic surveillance and control equipment, computerized signal systems, motorist information systems, integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and transportation demand management facilities, strategies, and programs, and (ii) such other capital improvements to public roads as the Secretary may designate, by regulation; and

(B) does not include resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating improvements, construction of additional lanes, interchanges, and grade separations, and construction of a new facility on a new location.

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

(24)

(25)

(26)

(27)

(28)

(29)

(30)

(31)

(32)

(33)

(34)

(35)

(A) Provision of facilities for pedestrians and bicycles.

(B) Provision of safety and educational activities for pedestrians and bicyclists.

(C) Acquisition of scenic easements and scenic or historic sites (including historic battlefields).

(D) Scenic or historic highway programs (including the provision of tourist and welcome center facilities).

(E) Landscaping and other scenic beautification.

(F) Historic preservation.

(G) Rehabilitation and operation of historic transportation buildings, structures, or facilities (including historic railroad facilities and canals).

(H) Preservation of abandoned railway corridors (including the conversion and use of the corridors for pedestrian or bicycle trails).

(I) Inventory, control, and removal of outdoor advertising.

(J) Archaeological planning and research.

(K) Environmental mitigation—

(i) to address water pollution due to highway runoff; or

(ii) 1 reduce vehicle-caused wildlife mortality while maintaining habitat connectivity.

(L) Establishment of transportation museums.

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

(A)

(B)

(i) regional operations collaboration and coordination activities between transportation and public safety agencies; and

(ii) improvements to the transportation system, such as traffic detection and surveillance, arterial management, freeway management, demand management, work zone management, emergency management, electronic toll collection, automated enforcement, traffic incident management, roadway weather management, traveler information services, commercial vehicle operations, traffic control, freight management, and coordination of highway, rail, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian operations.

(b)

(1) 2 because many of the highways (or portions of the highways) are inadequate to meet the needs of local and interstate commerce for the national and civil defense.

(2)

(3)

(A) it is in the national interest to preserve and enhance the surface transportation system to meet the needs of the United States for the 21st Century;

(B) the current urban and long distance personal travel and freight movement demands have surpassed the original forecasts and travel demand patterns are expected to continue to change;

(C) continued planning for and investment in surface transportation is critical to ensure the surface transportation system adequately meets the changing travel demands of the future;

(D) among the foremost needs that the surface transportation system must meet to provide for a strong and vigorous national economy are safe, efficient, and reliable—

(i) national and interregional personal mobility (including personal mobility in rural and urban areas) and reduced congestion;

(ii) flow of interstate and international commerce and freight transportation; and

(iii) travel movements essential for national security;

(E) special emphasis should be devoted to providing safe and efficient access for the type and size of commercial and military vehicles that access designated National Highway System intermodal freight terminals;

(F) the connection between land use and infrastructure is significant;

(G) transportation should play a significant role in promoting economic growth, improving the environment, and sustaining the quality of life; and

(H) the Secretary should take appropriate actions to preserve and enhance the Interstate System to meet the needs of the 21st Century.

(c) It is the sense of Congress that under existing law no part of any sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon any Federal-aid system which has been apportioned pursuant to the provisions of this title shall be impounded or withheld from obligation, for purposes and projects as provided in this title, by any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government, except such specific sums as may be determined by the Secretary of the Treasury, after consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, are necessary to be withheld from obligation for specific periods of time to assure that sufficient amounts will be available in the Highway Trust Fund to defray the expenditures which will be required to be made from such fund.

(d) No funds authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund shall be expended by or on behalf of any Federal department, agency, or instrumentality other than the Federal Highway Administration unless funds for such expenditure are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations of the United States heretofore or hereafter incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal-aid highways or highway planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation.

(e) It is the national policy that to the maximum extent possible the procedures to be utilized by the Secretary and all other affected heads of Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities for carrying out this title and any other provision of law relating to the Federal highway programs shall encourage the substantial minimization of paperwork and interagency decision procedures and the best use of available manpower and funds so as to prevent needless duplication and unnecessary delays at all levels of government.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(1), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(a), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 87–866, §6(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 88–423, §3, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 89–574, §4(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 90–495, §§4(a), 8, 15, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 816, 819, 822; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§104(a), 106(a), 107, 117(d), 130, 141, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716, 1718, 1724, 1732, 1737; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§105, 106(a), 107, 108, 152(1), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 253–255, 276; Pub. L. 93–643, §102(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§107(a), 108, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 430, 431; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §106, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2693; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§126(c), 159, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115, 2135; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§102(b)(3), 108, 109, 133(b)(2), (3), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, 146, 171; Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1001(g), 1005, 1006(g)(1), 1007(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916, 1922, 1927, 1931; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§301(b), 311(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578, 583; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1201, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 164; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1122, 1909(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1196, 1470; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(h), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574.)

Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), referred to in subsec. (b)(2), is section 108(b) of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 378, which is set out below.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(39). Pub. L. 110–244 added par. (39).

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(35). Pub. L. 109–59, §1122(a), amended heading and text of par. (35) generally, substituting introductory provisions and subpars. (A) to (L) defining “Transportation enhancement activity” for substantially identical undesignated provisions defining “Transportation enhancement activities”.

Subsec. (a)(38). Pub. L. 109–59, §1122(b), added par. (38).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1909(a), inserted subsec. heading, substituted heading and text of par. (1) for first undesignated par. relating to declaration that it was in the national interest to accelerate the construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, designated second undesignated par. as par. (2), inserted heading, and substituted “Congress declares that the prompt and early completion of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (referred to in this section as the ‘Interstate System’), so named because of its primary importance to the national defense, is essential to the national interest” for “It is hereby declared that the prompt and early completion of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways, so named because of its primary importance to the national defense and hereafter referred to as the ‘Interstate System’, is essential to the national interest and is one of the most important objectives of this Act”, and substituted heading and text of par. (3) for third undesignated par. relating to the national policy that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, alphabetizing, numbering, and inserting headings for terms defined, inserting definitions of “maintenance area” and “refuge road”, and substituting definition of “State transportation department” for definition of “State highway department”.

**1995**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, §311(b), in first sentence of definition of “construction”, inserted “bond costs and other costs relating to the issuance in accordance with section 122 of bonds or other debt financing instruments,” after “highway, including”.

Pub. L. 104–59, §301(b)(1), in definition of “project”, inserted before period at end “or any other undertaking eligible for assistance under this title”.

Pub. L. 104–59, §301(b)(2), added provision defining “operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control” and struck out former provision defining “startup costs for traffic management and control” which read as follows: “The term ‘startup costs for traffic management and control’ means initial costs (including labor costs, administration costs, cost of utilities, and rent) for integrated traffic control systems, incident management programs, and traffic control centers.”

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(g)(1), added provision defining “Federal-aid highways” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid highways’ means highways located on one of the Federal-aid systems described in section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(a), in definition of “highway safety improvement project”, inserted “installs priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections” after “marking,”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads”, struck out “, including roads on the Federal-aid systems,” after “public roads”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(4), in definition of “park road”, inserted “, including a bridge built primarily for pedestrian use, but with capacity for use by emergency vehicles” before “that is located”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(b), inserted provision defining “urbanized area” and struck out former provision which read as follows: “The term ‘urbanized area’ means an area so designated by the Bureau of the Census, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary. Such boundaries shall, as a minimum, encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(c), inserted provision defining “National Highway System” and struck out former provision defining “Federal-aid primary system” which read as follows: “The term ‘Federal-aid primary system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (b) of section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(d)(1), (2), struck out provisions defining “Federal-aid secondary system” and “Federal-aid urban system” which read as follows:

“The term ‘Federal-aid secondary system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (c) of section 103 of this title.

“The term ‘Federal-aid urban system’ means the Federal-aid highway system described in subsection (d) of section 103 of this title.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(e), in definition of “Interstate System”, inserted “Dwight D. Eisenhower” before “National”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(g), inserted provisions defining “start-up costs for traffic management and control”, “carpool project”, “public authority” and “public lands highway”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1005(f), inserted provision defining “operational improvement”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(c), inserted provision defining “transportation enhancement activities”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1001(g), substituted “forty” for “thirty-seven” and “1996” for “1993” in second par.

**1990**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–427 substituted “The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways” for “the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” in first two pars.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §108, in definition of “construction”, inserted “elimination of roadside obstacles,” after “grade crossings,”.

Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(2), substituted definition of “forest road or trail” for “forest or trail”.

Pub. L. 100–17, §109, in definition of “highway safety improvement project”, inserted “installs or replaces emergency motorist-aid call boxes,” after “pavement marking,”.

Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(3), amended definition of “park road” generally. Prior to amendment, definition read as follows: “The term ‘park road’ means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(3), substituted “thirty-seven years’ ” for “thirty-four years’ ” and “1993” for “1990” in second par.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(1), substituted provision that “park road” means a public road that is located within or provides access to an area in the national park system, for provision that “park roads and trails” means those roads or trails, including the necessary bridges, located in national parks or monuments, now or hereafter established, or in other areas administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior (excluding parkways authorized by Acts of Congress) and also including approach roads to national parks or monuments authorized by the Act of January 31, 1931 (46 Stat. 1053), as amended.

Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(2), substituted “The term ‘Indian reservation roads’ means public roads, including roads” for “The term ‘Indian reservation roads and bridges’ means roads and bridges, including roads and bridges” before “on the Federal-aid systems”.

Pub. L. 97–424, §126(c)(3), inserted provision defining “Federal lands highways”.

Pub. L. 97–424, §159, in definition of “construction”, inserted provision that it also includes costs incurred by the State in performing Federal-aid project related audits which directly benefit the Federal-aid highway program.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, §106(a), in definition of “construction” inserted provision relating to capital improvements.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(1), in definition of “forest road or trail”, inserted provisions requiring contingency or service to the National Forest System and necessity for the protection, administration, and utilization thereof.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(2), defined “forest development roads or trails” in terms of a forest road or trail under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service rather than in terms of a forest road or trail of primary importance for the protection, administration, and utilization of the national forest or other areas under the jurisdiction of the Forest Service.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(3), defined “forest highway” in terms of a forest road under the jurisdiction of, and maintained by, a public authority and open to public travel rather than in terms of a forest road which is of primary importance to the States, counties, or communities contingent to national forests and which is a Federal-aid system.

Pub. L. 95–599, §106(b)(4), inserted definition of “highway safety improvement project”.

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, §108, defined “construction” to include resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation and “urban area” to exclude cities in the States of Maine and New Hampshire and inserted definition of “public road”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, §107(a), substituted provision for completion of the Interstate System over a thirty-four year period, through the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, for a prior provision for such completion over a twenty-three period, through the fiscal year ending June 30, 1979.

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–643 defined “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on the Federal-aid systems.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §105(1), in definition of “construction”, substituted “National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration” for “Coast and Geodetic Survey” and extended definition to include improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and passenger loading and unloading areas.

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(3), in definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges”, substituted “approval of the Federal Government, or Indian and Alaska Native villages, groups, or communities in which Indians and Alaskan Natives reside, whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined are eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians” for “approval of the Federal Government on which Indians reside whom the Secretary of the Interior has determined to be eligible for services generally available to Indians under Federal laws specifically applicable to Indians”.

Pub. L. 93–87, §152(1), in definition of “Secretary”, substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of Commerce”.

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(4), in definition of “urbanized area”, provided for boundaries of the “urbanized area” to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urbanized area within a State as designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Pub. L. 93–87, §105(2), in definition of “urban area”, substituted “an urbanized area or, in the case of an urbanized area encompassing more than one State, that part of the urbanized area in each such State, or an urban place as designated by the Bureau of the Census having a population of five thousand or more and not within any urbanized area, within boundaries to be fixed by responsible State and local officials in cooperation with each other, subject to approval by the Secretary” for “an area including and adjacent to a municipality or other urban place having a population of five thousand or more, as determined by the latest available Federal census, within boundaries to be fixed by a State highway department subject to the approval of the Secretary”, and required such boundaries, as a minimum, to encompass the entire urban place designated by the Bureau of the Census.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §§106(a), 107, extended time for completion of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, substituting in second par. “twenty-three years” and “June 30, 1979” for “twenty years” and “June 30, 1976”, and inserted third par. declaratory of national policy, since the Interstate System is now in the final phase of completion, that increased emphasis be placed on the construction and reconstruction of the other Federal-aid systems in accordance with the first par. of subsec. (b), in order to bring all of the Federal-aid systems up to standards and to increase the safety of these systems to the maximum extent.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, §108, added subsec. (e).

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §§106(a), 117(d), 130, 141, inserted definitions of “urbanized area” and “Federal-aid urban system”, substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (d)” in definition of “Interstate System”, included within the costs of construction, under the definition of “construction”, relocation assistance, acquisition of replacement housing sites, acquisition, and rehabilitation, relocation, and construction of replacement housing, and substituted “acquisition” for “costs” of rights-of-way, broadened definition of “Indian reservation roads and bridges” to include roads and bridges on State controlled Indian reservations, trust lands, and restricted Indian lands, a well as roads and bridges on such lands under Federal control, and inserted in definitions of “forest highway” and “public lands highways” provisions to ensure that these highways be on the Federal-aid systems.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, §104(a), substituted “twenty years” for “eighteen years” and “June 30, 1976” for “June 30, 1974”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605, §107, substituted “any officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government” for “any officer or employee of any department, agency, or instrumentality of the executive branch of the Federal Government” and “Highway Trust Fund” for “highway trust fund”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §107, substituted provisions prohibiting expenditure of funds from the Highway Trust Fund by any department other than the Federal Highway Administration unless these funds are identified and included as a line item in an appropriation Act and are to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to the construction of Federal aid highways or for planning, research, or development, or as otherwise specifically authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund by Federal-aid highway legislation for provisions expressing essentially the same prohibitions but permitting expenditures to meet obligations incurred under this title attributable to Federal-aid highways, and contracted for in accordance with the Act of March 4, 1915, as amended [section 686 of Title 31, Money and Finance], relating to work or services not usually performed by the Federal Highway Administration, or relating to the furnishing of materials, supplies or equipment, and expenditures specifically identified in the budget and included in an appropriation Act.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, §8, inserted “and other areas administered by the Forest Service” after “national forests” and “national forest” in definitions of “forest road or trail” and “forest development roads and trails”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, §4(a), substituted a reference to “eighteen years’ appropriation” for reference to “sixteen years’ appropriation” and substituted “June 30, 1974” for “June 30, 1972”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 90–495, §15, added subsecs. (c) and (d).

**1966**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted a reference to “sixteen years’ appropriation” for reference to “fifteen years’ appropriation” and substituted “June 30, 1972” for “June 30, 1971”.

**1964**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted “fifteen years” for “thirteen years” and “June 30, 1971” for “June 30, 1969”.

**1962**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 87–866 inserted definition of “public lands development roads and trails”.

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–624 substituted “fifty States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico” for “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, or Puerto Rico” in definition of “State”.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70 substituted “forty-nine States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii” for “forty-eight States, the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska” in definition of “State”.

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §121(a), (b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1608, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) *o*)) to the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (Public Law 109–59; 119 Stat. 1144) shall—

“(A) take effect as of the date of enactment of that Act [Aug. 10, 2005]; and

“(B) be treated as being included in that Act as of that date.

“(2) *o*)) shall be treated as not being enacted.”

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9016, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 868, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] and the amendments made by this title shall take effect simultaneously with the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178]. For purposes of all Federal laws, the amendments made by this title shall be treated as being included in the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century at the time of the enactment of such Act [June 9, 1998], and the provisions of such Act (including the amendments made by such Act) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [July 22, 1998]) that are amended by this title shall be treated as not being enacted.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 147 of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that: “The amendments made by section 117 [enacting section 510 of this title, amending this section, and renumbering sections 511 and 512 of this title], 120 [amending provisions set out as a note under section 502 of this title], and 137 of this Act [amending section 506 of this title] shall not take effect if before the effective date of this Act [Dec. 31, 1970] the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 has been enacted into law.” The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Land Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, enacted as Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, was approved Jan. 2, 1971, whereas this Act (Title I of Pub. L. 91–605) was approved Dec. 31, 1970, therefore the amendments made by sections 117, 120, and 137 of Title I of Pub. L. 91–605 took effect.

Section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, as amended by Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §120, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1725, provided that:

“(a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, this Act and the amendments made by this Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, 141, and 501 to 511 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 133 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Aug. 23, 1968], except that until July 1, 1970, sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, as added by this Act, shall be applicable to a State only to the extent that such State is able under its laws to comply with such sections. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, after July 1, 1970, such sections shall be completely applicable to all States. Section 133 of title 23, United States Code, shall not apply to any State if sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, are applicable in that State, and effective July 1, 1970, such section 133 is repealed.

“(b) In the case of any State (1) which is required to amend its constitution to comply with sections 502, 505, 506, 507, and 508 of title 23, United States Code, and (2) which cannot submit the required constitutional amendment for ratification prior to July 1, 1970, the date of July 1, 1970, contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be extended to July 1, 1972.”

Section 21(e) of Pub. L. 86–70 provided that the amendments made by that section (amending this section and sections 104, 116, and 120 of this title) are effective July 1, 1959.

Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2001(a), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3522, provided that: “This title [amending sections 327 and 510 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §401, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 78, provided that: “This title [amending sections 405 and 410 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9502 to 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 5305, 5307, 5309, 5311, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31144 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 9502 and 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 405 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and sections 5309, 5310, 5338, 14710, 31100, 31301, and 31309 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2010’.”

Pub. L. 110–244, §1(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1572, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘SAFETEA–LU Technical Corrections Act of 2008’.”

Pub. L. 109–59, §1(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users’ or ‘SAFETEA–LU’.”

Pub. L. 109–42, §1, July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that: “This Act [amending section 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and section 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part VI’.”

Pub. L. 109–40, §1, July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 109–37, §1, July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 109–35, §1, July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 109–20, §1, July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 109–14, §1, May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 4481 to 4483, 9503, and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 4481 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005’.”

Pub. L. 108–310, §1, Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V’.”

Pub. L. 108–280, §1, July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 9503 of Title 26, amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 5337 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV’.”

Pub. L. 108–263, §1, June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III’.”

Pub. L. 108–224, §1, Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II’.”

Pub. L. 108–202, §1, Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, and 188 of this title, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 104, 322, and 402 of this title, and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, 5337, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004’.”

Pub. L. 108–88, §1, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 144, 157, 163, 188, and 410 of this title, sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, section 777c of Title 16, Conservation, sections 9503 and 9504 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 13106 of Title 46, Shipping, and sections 5307, 5309, 5337, 5338, 31104, and 31107 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 104 of this title, section 9503 of Title 26, and section 5337 of Title 49, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 322 and 402 of this title, section 901 of Title 2, and sections 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003’.”

Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9001, July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834, provided that: “This title [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘TEA 21 Restoration Act’.”

Pub. L. 105–178, §1(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, provided that: “This Act [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century’.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1501, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, provided that: “This chapter [chapter 1 (§§1501–1504) of subtitle E of title I of Pub. L. 105–178, enacting subchapter II of this chapter, amending section 301 of Title 49, Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 181 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 1998’.”

Pub. L. 105–130, §1, Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2552, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 104, 321, 326, and 410 of this title, sections 9503, 9504, and 9511 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 111, 5309, 5337, 5338, 30308, and 31104 of Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title and section 9503 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Extension Act of 1997’.”

Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that: “This Act [enacting section 161 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 115, 116, 120, 122, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 141, 144, 149, 152, 153, 217, 303, 306, 307, 323, 409, and 410 of this title, sections 1261 and 1262 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 7506 and 12186 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 5316, 5331, 20140, 30308, 31112, 31136, 31306, and 45102 of Title 49, Transportation, repealing section 154 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under this section, sections 104, 109, 130, 141, 153, 154, 307, 309, 401, and 408 of this title, section 403 of Title 16, section 7511a of Title 42, and section 31136 of Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 109, 127, 149, and 307 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes preceding section 101 of this title and under section 112 of this title] may be cited as the ‘National Highway System Designation Act of 1995’.”

Section 1(a) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title, section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, section 4604 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and sections 1607a–2, 1619, 1620, and 1621 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, 402, and 408 of this title, section 460*l*–11 of Title 16, Conservation, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 4041, 4051, 4052, 4071, 4081, 4221, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6156, 6412, 6420, 6421, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, sections 4601, 4621, 4622, 4623, 4624, 4625, 4626, 4630, 4631, 4633, 4636, 4638, 4651, and 4655 of Title 42, sections 303 and 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1607c, 1608, 1612, 1613, 1614, 1617, 1655, 2311, 2314, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title, sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, and sections 4634 and 4637 of Title 42, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, 401, and 402 of this title, sections 1, 4052, and 4481 of Title 26, section 4601 of Title 42, section 10922 of Title 49, and sections 1601, 1602, 1608, and 2204 of former Title 49, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, 146, and 401 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987’.”

Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “This title [enacting sections 151, 156, and 409 of this title and section 508 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 125, 127, 129, 130, 138, 140, 144, 152, 154, 157, 204, 210, 215, 217, 307, 315, 319, 321, 323, 401, and 402 of this title, section 1761 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, sections 494 and 1414 of Title 33, section 303 of Title 49, Transportation, and sections 1655, 2311, and 2716 of former Title 49, repealing sections 211, 213, 219, and 322 of this title and sections 498a, 498b, 503 to 507, 526, 526a, 529, and 535d of Title 33, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 116, 120, 125, 127, 130, 144, 202, 307, and 402 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 103, 104, 130, 141, 144, and 146 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as notes under sections 114, 130, and 217 of this title and section 526a of Title 33] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987’.”

Section 1 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided: “That this Act [enacting section 157 of this title, sections 4051 to 4053 and 9503 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 1601c, 1607a, 1607a–1, 1617, 1618, and 2301 to 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending section 713c–3 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 460*l*–11 and 1606a of Title 16, Conservation, sections 101, 101 notes, 103, 103 note, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 130 notes, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, 307, 307 note, 401 note, and 402 of this title, sections 39, 44E, 46, 48, 103, 165 note, 167, 168, 274, 851, 852, 874, 882, 3304 note, 3454, 4041, 4061, 4063, 4071, 4081, 4101, 4102, 4221, 4222, 4481, 4482, 4483, 6049, 6156, 6201, 6206, 6362, 6412, 6416, 6420, 6421, 6427, 6504, 6675, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, 7610, and 9502 of Title 26, section 1414 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, sections 602 and 1382a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, sections 1474, 1475, and 1479 of former Title 46, Shipping, section 1273 of Title 46, Appendix, sections 10927 note, 11909 and 11914 of Title 49, and sections 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, 1614, 2204, 2205, 2206 of former Title 49, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, sections 120 note, 4091 to 4094, and 6424 of Title 26, and sections 1602 note, 1604a, 1617, and 1618 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, 146, 154, 307, 401, and 408 of this title, section 713c–3 of Title 15, sections 1, 39, 46, 165, 274, 3304, 4041, 4051, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 6012, 6427, and 9503 of Title 26, section 602 of Title 42, and sections 1601, 1612, and 2315 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982’.”

Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “This title [enacting section 157 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 105, 109, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119, 120, 122, 125, 127, 137, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 152, 201, 202, 203, 204, 210, 214, 217, 218, and 307 of this title, repealing sections 101 notes, 104 note, and 206 to 209 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 119, 120, 125, 144, and 146 of this title, and section 2315 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the ‘Highway Improvement Act of 1982’.”

Section 1 of Pub. L. 97–327, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611, provided: “That this Act [amending section 144 of this title, provisions set out as notes under this section and section 130 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982’.”

Pub. L. 97–134, §13, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1703, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 104, 119, and 139 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981’.”

Section 1 of Pub. L. 95–599 provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 119, 146, and 407 of this title, and sections 1602–1, 1607, 1614, 1615, 1616, 1617 and 1618 of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 154, 155, 215, 217, 219, 320, 402, and 406 of this title, section 1418 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 460*l*–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, 7605, 7609, and 7610 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, sections 303, 1602, 1603, 1604, 1607b, 1607c, 1608, 1611, 1612, and 1613 of former Title 49, repealing section 153 of this title and sections 1607, 1607a, and 1614 of former Title 49, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 215, 217, 307, 320, 401, 402, and 403 of this title, section 6427 of Title 26, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and sections 1601, 1602, 1604, 1605, 1612, and 1653 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978’.”

Section 101 of title I of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “This title [enacting sections 119 and 146 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 105, 109, 111, 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 125, 129, 131, 134, 141, 144, 148, 151, 152, 155, 203, 215, 217, 219, 320, and 406 of this title, and section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, Public Buildings, Property and Works, repealing section 153 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and section 1605 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 109, 111, 120, 122, 124, 129, 130, 134, 135, 141, 142, 144, 146, 217, 307, and 320 of this title, section 201 of former Title 40, Appendix, section 5904 of Title 42, section 883 of Title 46, Appendix, Shipping, and section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978’.”

Section 501 of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “This title [amending section 4601–11 of Title 16, Conservation, sections 39, 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4481, 4482, 6156, 6412, 6421, 6427, 7210, 7603, 7604, and 7605 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 120 and 307 of this title and section 6427 of Title 26] may be cited as the ‘Highway Revenue Act of 1978’.”

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §101, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425, provided that: “This title [enacting section 156 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 106, 108, 117, 118, 121, 125, 127, 129, 131, 135, 138 to 140, 142, 147, 152, 153, 202, 203, 217, 219, 319, and 320 of this title, repealing sections 146 and 405 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 124, 134, 135, 215, 218, 319, and 320 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49, Transportation, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 120, 130, and 142 of this title, and section 1605 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976’.”

Pub. L. 93–643, §1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided: “That this Act [enacting sections 141, 154, 155, 219, and 406, amending this section and sections 103, 115, 127, 129, 131, 136, 144, 208, 320, 322, 323, and 405, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 142, 217, and 320, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130 and 142, and repealing provisions set out as a note under this section] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974’.”

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §101, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 145 to 150, 217, 218, 323, and 324 of this title and section 1602a of former Title 49, Transportation, amending this section and sections 103 to 105, 108, 109, 114, 117, 121, 126, 129, 135, 140, 142, 143, 149, 207, 303, 307 to 310, 312, 314, and 320 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, sections 103, 104, 120, 130, 142, 218, 307, 319, and 320 of this title, and sections 1608 and 1637 of former Title 49] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973’.”

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §101, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1713, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 142, 143, 215, 216, 321, and 510 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 105, 106, 109, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 134, 135, 136, 139, 140, 303, 307, 320, 506, 511, 512 of this title and section 517 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 120, 129, 131, 134, 215, 216, 303, 307, 320, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970’.”

Pub. L. 90–495, §1, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, and 141 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, 402, and 501 to 512 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title and enacting provisions formerly set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968’.”

Pub. L. 89–574, §1, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 120 and 138 of this title, amending this section and sections 104, 109, 118, 120, 125, 131, 136, 302, and 319 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 106, 108, 125, 133, and 137 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1966’.”

Pub. L. 89–285, §403, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 131 and 135 of this title and amending sections 131 and 319 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Beautification Act of 1965’.”

Pub. L. 88–423, §1, Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397, provided that: “This Act [amending this section and sections 104, 205, 209, and 320 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1964’.”

Pub. L. 88–157, §1, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276, provided: “That this Act [amending sections 104, 106, 109, 121, 131, and 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments Act of 1963’.”

Pub. L. 87–866, §1, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1145, provided that: “This Act [enacting sections 133, 134 and 214 of this title, amending this section and sections 103, 104, 203, and 307 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 307 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1962’.”

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §101, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 6156 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, amending sections 111, 131 and 210 of this title and sections 4041, 4061, 4071, 4081, 4218, 4221, 4226, 4481, 4482, 6412, 6416, 6421, and 6601 of Title 26, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 104 of this title and under section 4041 of Title 26, and amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1961’.”

Pub. L. 86–657, §1, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522, provided that: “This Act [enacting section 132 of this title and amending sections 104, 114, 120, 129, 203, 205, 210, and 305 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Highway Act of 1960’.”

Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §101, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, provided that: “This Act [amending sections 125, 131, 137, and 320 of this title, and sections 4041, 4081, 4082, 4226, 6412, 6416, and 6421 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, enacting notes set out under section 307 of this title and section 4082 of Title 26, and amending notes set out under this section and sections 104 and 120 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1959’.”

Section 36 of Pub. L. 90–495 provided that: “If any provision of this Act (including the amendments made by this Act) [enacting sections 135, 139, 140, 141, and 501–511 of this title, amending this section, sections 103, 104, 108, 112, 113, 115, 116, 120, 125, 128, 129, 131, 135, 136, 138, 205, 319, and 402 of this title, section 636 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, section 1653 of former Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as a note under this section, repealing section 133 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 104, 108, 125, 134, 501, 502, and 510 of this title] or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of this Act and the application of the provision to other persons or circumstances shall not be affected thereby.”

For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of Commerce and other officers and offices of Department of Commerce under this title and under specific related laws and parts of laws set out in the notes in this title relating generally to highways and highway and traffic safety transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 931, which created Department of Transportation. See section 102 of Title 49, Transportation, and Pub. L. 97–449, §2, Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1301, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1198, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §103(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1578, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) Under current law, surface transportation programs rely primarily on formula capital apportionments to States.

“(2) Despite the significant increase for surface transportation program funding in the Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178, see Tables for classification], current levels of investment are insufficient to fund critical high-cost transportation infrastructure facilities that address critical national economic and transportation needs.

“(3) Critical high-cost transportation infrastructure facilities often include multiple levels of government, agencies, modes of transportation, and transportation goals and planning processes that are not easily addressed or funded within existing surface transportation program categories.

“(4) Projects of national and regional significance have national and regional benefits, including improving economic productivity by facilitating international trade, relieving congestion, and improving transportation safety by facilitating passenger and freight movement.

“(5) The benefits of projects described in paragraph (4) accrue to local areas, States, and the Nation as a result of the effect such projects have on the national transportation system.

“(6) A program dedicated to constructing projects of national and regional significance is necessary to improve the safe, secure, and efficient movement of people and goods throughout the United States and improve the health and welfare of the national economy.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(A) development phase activities, including planning, feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, environmental review, preliminary engineering and design work, and other preconstruction activities; and

“(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, and acquisition of real property (including land related to the project and improvements to land), environmental mitigation, construction contingencies, acquisition of equipment, and operational improvements.

“(2)

“(3)

“(d)

“(1) $500,000,000; or

“(2) 75 percent of the amount of Federal highway assistance funds apportioned for the most recently completed fiscal year to the State in which the project is located.

“(e)

“(f)

“(1)

“(A) establish criteria for selecting among projects that meet the eligibility criteria specified in subsection (d);

“(B) conduct a national solicitation for applications; and

“(C) award grants on a competitive basis.

“(2)

“(A) is based on the results of preliminary engineering;

“(B) is justified based on the ability of the project—

“(i) to generate national economic benefits, including creating jobs, expanding business opportunities, and impacting the gross domestic product;

“(ii) to reduce congestion, including impacts in the State, region, and Nation;

“(iii) to improve transportation safety, including reducing transportation accidents, injuries, and fatalities;

“(iv) to otherwise enhance the national transportation system; and

“(v) to garner support for non-Federal financial commitments and provide evidence of stable and dependable financing sources to construct, maintain, and operate the infrastructure facility; and

“(C) is supported by an acceptable degree of non-Federal financial commitments, including evidence of stable and dependable financing sources to construct, maintain, and operate the infrastructure facility.

“(3)

“(A) leverages Federal investment by encouraging non-Federal contributions to the project, including contributions from public-private partnerships;

“(B) uses new technologies, including intelligent transportation systems, that enhance the efficiency of the project; and

“(C) helps maintain or protect the environment.

“(4)

“(5)

“(A)

“(i) the proposed project plan provides for the availability of contingency amounts that the Secretary determines to be reasonable to cover unanticipated cost increases; and

“(ii) each proposed non-Federal source of capital and operating financing is stable, reliable, and available within the proposed project timetable.

“(B)

“(i) existing financial commitments;

“(ii) the degree to which financing sources are dedicated to the purposes proposed;

“(iii) any debt obligation that exists or is proposed by the recipient for the proposed project; and

“(iv) the extent to which the project has a non-Federal financial commitment that exceeds the required non-Federal share of the cost of the project.

“(6)

“(7)

“(A)

“(B)

“(g)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(D)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) establish the terms of participation by the United States Government in a project under this section;

“(ii) establish the maximum amount of Government financial assistance for the project;

“(iii) cover the period of time for completing the project, including a period extending beyond the period of an authorization; and

“(iv) make timely and efficient management of the project easier according to the laws of the United States.

“(C)

“(3)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(i)

“(j)

“(k)

“(1)

“(2)

“(*l*)

“(m)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1302, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1204, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §§101(d), 103(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573, 1578, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) The extent to which the corridor provides a link between two existing segments of the Interstate System.

“(B) The extent to which the project will facilitate major multistate or regional mobility and economic growth and development in areas underserved by existing highway infrastructure.

“(C) The extent to which commercial vehicle traffic in the corridor—

“(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act [Pub. L. 103–182, Dec. 8, 1993] (16 U.S.C. 4401 et seq. [see Tables for classification]); and

“(ii) is projected to increase in the future.

“(D) The extent to which international truck-borne commodities move through the corridor.

“(E) The extent to which the project will make improvements to an existing segment of the Interstate System that will result in a decrease in congestion.

“(F) The reduction in commercial and other travel time through a major freight corridor expected as a result of the project.

“(G) The value of the cargo carried by commercial vehicle traffic in the corridor and the economic costs arising from congestion in the corridor.

“(H) The extent of leveraging of Federal funds provided to carry out this section, including—

“(i) use of innovative financing;

“(ii) combination with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code; and

“(iii) combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding.

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1308, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1218, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) support and encourage multistate transportation planning and corridor development;

“(2) provide for transportation project development;

“(3) facilitate transportation decisionmaking; and

“(4) support transportation construction.

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(1) whether the project is located—

“(A) in an area under the authority of the Delta Regional Authority; and

“(B) on a Federal-aid highway;

“(2) endorsement of the project by the State department of transportation; and

“(3) evidence of the ability of the recipient of funds provided under the program to complete the project.

“(f)

“(1) encourage State and local officials to work together to develop plans for multimodal and multijurisdictional transportation decisionmaking; and

“(2) give priority to projects that emphasize multimodal planning, including planning for operational improvements that—

“(A) increase the mobility of people and goods;

“(B) improve the safety of the transportation system with respect to catastrophic natural disasters or disasters caused by human activity; and

“(C) contribute to the economic vitality of the area in which the project is being carried out.

“(g)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1914, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1478, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) barrier design;

“(2) road design, construction, and maintenance practices; and

“(3) the architecture and implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies.

“(b)

“(1) at least—

“(A) one member recommended by a national motorcyclist association;

“(B) one member recommended by a national motorcycle riders foundation;

“(C) one representative of the National Association of State Motorcycle Safety Administrators;

“(D) two members of State motorcyclists’ organizations;

“(E) one member recommended by a national organization that represents the builders of highway infrastructure;

“(F) one member recommended by a national association that represents the traffic safety systems industry; and

“(G) one member of a national safety organization; and

“(2) at least one, and not more than two, motorcyclists who are traffic system design engineers or State transportation department officials.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1118, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 161, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) high priority corridors identified in section 1105(c) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, 105 Stat. 2032]; and

“(2) any other significant regional or multistate highway corridor not described in whole or in part in paragraph (1) selected by the Secretary after consideration of—

“(A) the extent to which the annual volume of commercial vehicle traffic at the border stations or ports of entry of each State—

“(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182 [Dec. 8, 1993]); and

“(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

“(B) the extent to which commercial vehicle traffic in each State—

“(i) has increased since the date of enactment of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act (Public Law 103–182); and

“(ii) is projected to increase in the future;

“(C) the extent to which international truck-borne commodities move through each State;

“(D) the reduction in commercial and other travel time through a major international gateway or affected port of entry expected as a result of the proposed project including the level of traffic delays at at-grade highway crossings of major rail lines in trade corridors;

“(E) the extent of leveraging of Federal funds provided under this subsection, including—

“(i) use of innovative financing;

“(ii) combination with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code; and

“(iii) combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding including State, local, and private matching funds;

“(F) the value of the cargo carried by commercial vehicle traffic, to the extent that the value of the cargo and congestion impose economic costs on the Nation's economy; and

“(G) encourage or facilitate major multistate or regional mobility and economic growth and development in areas underserved by existing highway infrastructure.

“(c)

“(1) Feasibility studies.

“(2) Comprehensive corridor planning and design activities.

“(3) Location and routing studies.

“(4) Multistate and intrastate coordination for corridors described in subsection (b).

“(5) After review by the Secretary of a development and management plan for the corridor or a usable component thereof under subsection (b)—

“(A) environmental review; and

“(B) construction.

“(d)

“(1) A complete and comprehensive analysis of corridor costs and benefits.

“(2) A coordinated corridor development plan and schedule, including a timetable for completion of all planning and development activities, environmental reviews and permits, and construction of all segments.

“(3) A finance plan, including any innovative financing methods and, if the corridor is a multistate corridor, a State-by-State breakdown of corridor finances.

“(4) The results of any environmental reviews and mitigation plans.

“(5) The identification of any impediments to the development and construction of the corridor, including any environmental, social, political and economic objections.

In the case of a multistate corridor, the Secretary shall encourage all States having jurisdiction over any portion of such corridor to participate in the development of such plan.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1303, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1207, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) improvements in a border region to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border motor vehicle and cargo movements;

“(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities in a border region that facilitate motor vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade;

“(3) operational improvements in a border region, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border motor vehicle and cargo movement;

“(4) modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite safe and efficient cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements; and

“(5) international coordination of transportation planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border motor vehicle and cargo movements.

“(c)

“(1) 20 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through the land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of incoming commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(2) 30 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of incoming personal motor vehicles and incoming buses that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(3) 25 percent in the ratio that—

“(A) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total weight of incoming cargo by commercial trucks that pass through such ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(4) 25 percent of the ratio that—

“(A) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of a border State, as determined by the Secretary; bears to

“(B) the total number of land border ports of entry within the boundaries of all the border States, as determined by the Secretary.

“(d)

“(1) constructed in accordance with standards equivalent to applicable standards in the United States; and

“(2) properly maintained and used over the useful life of the facility for the purpose for which the Secretary is allocating such funds to the project.

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) the Secretary [of Transportation] determines, after consultation with the transportation department of the border State, that the General Services Administration should carry out the project; and

“(B) the General Services Administration agrees to accept the transfer of, and to administer, those funds in accordance with this section.

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) shall not be considered to be an augmentation of the appropriations made available to the General Services Administration; and

“(ii) shall be—

“(I) administered, subject to paragraph (1)(B), in accordance with the procedures of the General Services Administration; but

“(II) available for obligation in the same manner as if the funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.

“(3)

“(4)

“(A) 15 percent of the aggregate amount of funds apportioned to the State under this section for such fiscal year; or

“(B) $5,000,000.

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1119, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 163, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) improvements to existing transportation and supporting infrastructure that facilitate cross-border vehicle and cargo movements;

“(2) construction of highways and related safety and safety enforcement facilities that will facilitate vehicle and cargo movements related to international trade;

“(3) operational improvements, including improvements relating to electronic data interchange and use of telecommunications, to expedite cross border vehicle and cargo movement;

“(4) modifications to regulatory procedures to expedite cross border vehicle and cargo movements;

“(5) international coordination of planning, programming, and border operation with Canada and Mexico relating to expediting cross border vehicle and cargo movements; and

“(6) activities of Federal inspection agencies.

“(c)

“(1) expected reduction in commercial and other motor vehicle travel time through an international border crossing as a result of the project;

“(2) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security related to motor vehicles crossing a border with Canada or Mexico;

“(3) strategies to increase the use of existing, underutilized border crossing facilities and approaches;

“(4) leveraging of Federal funds provided under this section, including use of innovative financing, combination of such funds with funding provided under other sections of this Act [see Tables for classification], and combination with other sources of Federal, State, local, or private funding;

“(5) degree of multinational involvement in the project and demonstrated coordination with other Federal agencies responsible for the inspection of vehicles, cargo, and persons crossing international borders and their counterpart agencies in Canada and Mexico;

“(6) improvements in vehicle and highway safety and cargo security in and through the gateway or affected port of entry concerned;

“(7) the degree of demonstrated coordination with Federal inspection agencies;

“(8) the extent to which the innovative and problem solving techniques of the proposed project would be applicable to other border stations or ports of entry;

“(9) demonstrated local commitment to implement and sustain continuing comprehensive border or affected port of entry planning processes and improvement programs; and

“(10) such other factors as the Secretary determines are appropriate to promote border transportation efficiency and safety.

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 199, provided that:

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) identify any additional data that may need to be collected beyond the data submitted, before the date of enactment of this Act, to the Federal Highway Administration through the highway performance monitoring system; and

“(ii) identify what additional work, if any, would be required of the Federal Highway Administration and the States to make the model useful at the State level.

“(C)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the Secretary of State;

“(B) the Attorney General;

“(C) the Secretary of the Treasury;

“(D) the Commandant of the Coast Guard;

“(E) the Administrator of General Services;

“(F) the American Commissioner on the International Boundary Commission, United States and Mexico;

“(G) State agencies responsible for transportation and law enforcement in border States; and

“(H) municipal governments and transportation authorities in sister cities in the border area.

“(3)

“(A) assess the flow of commercial and private traffic through designated ports of entry on the border;

“(B) assess the adequacy of transportation infrastructure in the border area, including highways, bridges, railway lines, and border inspection facilities;

“(C) assess the adequacy of law enforcement and narcotics abatement activities in the border area, as the activities relate to commercial and private traffic and infrastructure;

“(D) assess future demands on transportation infrastructure in the border area; and

“(E) make recommendations to facilitate legitimate cross-border traffic in the border area, while maintaining the integrity of the border.

“(4)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1117(a)–(g), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1177, 1178, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) Improve the efficiency of the transportation system of the United States.

“(2) Reduce the impacts of transportation on the environment.

“(3) Reduce the need for costly future investments in public infrastructure.

“(4) Provide efficient access to jobs, services, and centers of trade.

“(5) Examine community development patterns and identify strategies to encourage private sector development that achieves the purposes identified in paragraphs (1) through (4).

“(c)

“(d)

“(1) is eligible for assistance under title 23 or chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code; or

“(2) is to conduct any other activity relating to transportation, community, and system preservation that the Secretary [of Transportation] determines to be appropriate, including corridor preservation activities that are necessary to implement one or more of the following:

“(A) Transit-oriented development plans.

“(B) Traffic calming measures.

“(C) Other coordinated transportation, community, and system preservation practices.

“(e)

“(1) have instituted preservation or development plans and programs that—

“(A) are coordinated with State and local preservation or development plans, including transit-oriented development plans;

“(B) promote cost-effective and strategic investments in transportation infrastructure that minimize adverse impacts on the environment; or

“(C) promote innovative private sector strategies;

“(2) have instituted other policies to integrate transportation, community, and system preservation practices, such as—

“(A) spending policies that direct funds to high-growth areas;

“(B) urban growth boundaries to guide metropolitan expansion;

“(C) ‘green corridors’ programs that provide access to major highway corridors for areas targeted for efficient and compact development; or

“(D) other similar programs or policies as determined by the Secretary;

“(3) have preservation or development policies that include a mechanism for reducing potential impacts of transportation activities on the environment;

“(4) demonstrate a commitment to public and private involvement, including the involvement of nontraditional partners in the project team; and

“(5) examine ways to encourage private sector investments that address the purposes of this section.

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1221, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 221, as amended by Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1114; Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(9), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(9), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(9), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(9), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(9), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(9), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 327; Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(9), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(9), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(9), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(9), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 412, which related to a transportation and community and system preservation pilot program and authorized appropriations to carry out such program through July 30, 2005, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1117(h), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1179.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1223, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 224, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(j), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) the project meets the extraordinary needs associated with an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event or a Special Olympics International event; and

“(2) the project is otherwise eligible for assistance under sections 118(c) and 144(g)(1) [now 144(f)(1)] of such title.

“(c)

“(1) planning activities of States and metropolitan planning organizations and transportation projects relating to an international quadrennial Olympic or Paralympic event, or a Special Olympics International event, under sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code; and

“(2) developing intermodal transportation plans necessary for the projects in coordination with State and local transportation agencies.

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(f)

“(g)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1311, as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9004(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 842, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(1) The intelligent transportation system deployment program under title V [see Tables for classification].

“(2) The national corridor planning and development program.

“(3) The coordinated border infrastructure and safety program.

“(4) The construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities.

“(5) The national scenic byways program.

“(6) The Interstate discretionary program.

“(7) The discretionary bridge program.”

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §359(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 627, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study on compliance with Buy American Act (see 41 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.) with respect to contracts entered into using amounts made available from Highway Trust Fund and not later than 1 year after Nov. 28, 1995, transmit to Congress report on results.

Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §451, Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 96, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) survey and compile a list of the small business concerns referred to in subsection (a) and the location of the concerns in the State; and

“(2) notify the Secretary of Transportation, in writing, of the percentage of the concerns that are controlled by women, by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals (other than women), and by individuals who are women and are otherwise socially and economically disadvantaged individuals.

“(d)

“(e)

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1101(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1156, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1101(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 113.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1919.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §106(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 145.

Pub. L. 109–14, §7(s), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334, provided that: “Amounts made available under the amendments made by this section [amending sections 5307, 5309, and 5338 of Title 49, Transportation, and provisions set out as notes under section 322 of this title and sections 5307, 5309, 5310, and 5338 of Title 49] shall be treated for purposes of section 1101(b) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (23 U.S.C. 101 note) as amounts made available for programs under title III of such Act [see Tables for classification].”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior acts:

Pub. L. 108–310, §8(t), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158.

Pub. L. 108–88, §8(t), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1126, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §9(t), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(t), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(t), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(t), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1040, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1992, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(f), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1122(b), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 725; Pub. L. 105–130, §5(c)(1), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, related to highway use tax evasion projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1114(b)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154. See section 143 of this title.

Section 1047 of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 105–130, §5(c)(2), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) The Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration or the designee of the Administrator who shall serve as chairman of the advisory committee.

“(B) The Chief of the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture or the designee of the Chief.

“(C) The Director of the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

“(D) The Director of the Bureau of Land Management of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Director.

“(E) The Under Secretary for Travel and Tourism of the Department of Commerce or the designee of the Under Secretary.

“(F) The Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior or the designee of the Assistant Secretary.

“(G) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of conservationists on the advisory committee.

“(H) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary of Transportation who is specially qualified to represent the interests of recreational users of scenic byways on the advisory committee.

“(I) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of the tourism industry on the advisory committee.

“(J) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of historic preservationists on the advisory committee.

“(K) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the interests of highway users on the advisory committee.

“(L) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent State highway and transportation officials.

“(M) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary to represent local highway and transportation officials.

“(N) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to serve on the advisory committee as a planner.

“(O) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent the motoring public.

“(P) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who is specially qualified to represent groups interested in scenic preservation.

“(Q) 1 individual appointed by the Secretary who represents the outdoor advertising industry.

Individuals appointed as members of the advisory committee under subparagraphs (G) through (P) may be State and local government officials. Members shall serve without compensation other than for reasonable expenses incident to functions of the advisory committee.

“(3)

“(A) Consideration of the scenic beauty and historic significance of highways proposed for designation as scenic byways and all-American roads and the areas surrounding such highways.

“(B) Operation and management standards for highways designated as scenic byways and all-American roads, including strategies for maintaining or improving the qualities for which a highway is designated as a scenic byway or all-American road, for protecting and enhancing the landscape and view corridors surrounding such a highway, and for minimizing traffic congestion on such a highway.

“(C)(i) Standards for scenic byway-related signs, including those which identify highways as scenic byways and all-American roads.

“(ii) The advisability of uniform signs identifying highways as components of the scenic byway system.

“(D) Standards for maintaining highway safety on the scenic byway system.

“(E) Design review procedures for location of highway facilities, landscaping, and travelers’ facilities on the scenic byway system.

“(F) Procedures for reviewing and terminating the designation of a highway designated as a scenic byway.

“(G) Such other matters as the advisory committee may deem appropriate.

“(H) Such other matters for which the Secretary may request recommendations.

“(4)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) those eligible projects which are included in a corridor management plan for maintaining scenic, historic, recreational, cultural, and archeological characteristics of the corridor while providing for accommodation of increased tourism and development of related amenities;

“(B) those eligible projects for which a strong local commitment is demonstrated for implementing the management plans and protecting the characteristics for which the highway is likely to be designated as a scenic byway;

“(C) those eligible projects which are included in programs which can serve as models for other States to follow when establishing and designing scenic byways on an intrastate or interstate basis; and

“(D) those eligible projects in multi-State corridors where the States submit joint applications.

“(3)

“(A) Planning, design, and development of State scenic byway programs.

“(B) Making safety improvements to a highway designated as a scenic byway under this subsection to the extent such improvements are necessary to accommodate increased traffic, and changes in the types of vehicles using the highway, due to such designation.

“(C) Construction along the highway of facilities for the use of pedestrians and bicyclists, rest areas, turnouts, highway shoulder improvements, passing lanes, overlooks, and interpretive facilities.

“(D) Improvements to the highway which will enhance access to an area for the purpose of recreation, including water-related recreation.

“(E) Protecting historical and cultural resources in areas adjacent to the highway.

“(F) Developing and providing tourist information to the public, including interpretive information about the scenic byway.

“(4)

“(5)

“(g)

“(h)

Section 6012 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, as amended by Pub. L. 107–217, §6(b), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304; Pub. L. 108–178, §2(b)(3), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2640, provided: “That—

“(a) notwithstanding any other provision of law, The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be redesignated as ‘The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways’; and

“(b) any reference before the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 15, 1990] in any provision of law, regulation, map, sign, or otherwise to The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be deemed to refer, on and after such date, to The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways.”

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §154, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 209, which related to erection of signs indicating sources of funding on projects under construction with funds from the Highway Trust Fund, was repealed and restated in section 321 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1901(a), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.

Section 128 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “In any case where a project involving a Federal-aid primary route not on the Interstate System, and a route on the Interstate System which was originally constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], and was subsequently added to the Interstate System, both occupying a common alignment and having elements which have been approved in concept by the Secretary of Transportation as part of a project providing for the upgrading of an interchange on such Interstate route, the cost of improvements in the vicinity of the interchange necessary to upgrade the safety of that part of such Federal-aid primary route not on a common alignment with such Interstate route in an environmentally acceptable manner shall be eligible for the expenditure of funds authorized by such section 108(b).”

Section 135 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall undertake to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences’ Transportation Research Board to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of future transportation professional manpower needs, including but not limited to prevailing methods of recruitment, training, and financial and other incentives and disincentives which encourage or discourage retention in service of such professional manpower by Federal, State, and local governments. In entering into any arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences for conducting such study and investigation, the Secretary shall request the National Academy of Sciences to report to the Secretary and the Congress not later than two years after the enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] on the results of such study and investigation, together with its recommendations. The Secretary shall furnish to the Academy at its request any information which the Academy deems necessary for the purpose of conducting the study and investigation authorized by this section.”

Section 139 of Pub. L. 97–424, as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §348, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2156, provided that:

“(a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [section 4(b) of Pub. L. 97–134, which amended section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note under this section] the Secretary of Transportation may approve a change in location of any Interstate route or segment and approve, in lieu thereof, the construction of such Interstate route or segment on a new location if the original location of such route or segment meets the following criteria: (1) it has been designated under section 103(e) of title 23, United States Code; (2) it is serving Interstate travel as of the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983]; (3) it requires improvements which are eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [see Short Title of 1981 Amendments note above] and which would either involve major modifications in order to meet acceptable standards or result in severe environmental impacts and such major modifications or mitigation measures relating to the environmental impacts are not cost effective. The cost of the construction of such Interstate route or segment on new location with funds available under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], shall not exceed the estimated cost of the eligible improvements on the original location as eligible under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 and included in the 1983 interstate cost estimate as approved by the Congress. Such cost shall be increased or decreased, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of the original location of the route or segment as of the date of approval of each project on the new location. Upon approval of a new location, and funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, which were expended on the route or segment in the original location shall be refunded to the Highway Trust Fund and credited to the unobligated balance of the State's apportionment made under section 104(b)(5)(A) of title 23, United States Code, and other eligible Federal-aid highway funds may be substituted in lieu thereof at the appropriate Federal share.

“(b) Where the Secretary of Transportation approves a relocation of an Interstate route or segment under the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, such route or segment shall not be eligible for withdrawal under the provisions of section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code, and shall be subject to the Interstate System completion deadlines provided in subsections (d) and (e) of section 107 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [section 107(d), (e) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out as a note under section 103 of this title] or subject to Interstate System completion deadlines as may be determined by Congress.

“(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of any other provision of law, any project involving the relocation of any Interstate route or segment that is approved by the Secretary of Transportation under subsection (a) shall be eligible for discretionary funds made available under section 118(b)(2)(B) of title 23, United States Code.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §165, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2136, as amended by Pub. L. 98–229, §10, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171, 241; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1048, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1999, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(r), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1371; Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(3)(E), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389, which prohibited obligation of funds unless steel, iron, and manufactured products used in the project had been produced in the United States, was repealed and restated in section 313 of this title by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1903(a), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464, 1465.

Pub. L. 95–599, title IV, §401, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2756, as amended by Pub. L. 97–327, §6, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1613, which required that articles, materials, and supplies used in projects administered by Department of Transportation be mined or produced in United States, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §165(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2137.

Section 102(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that at least 30 percent of the apportionment made to each State for each of the fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1978, and Sept. 30, 1979, of the sums authorized in section 102(a) of Pub. L. 94–280 be expended by such State for projects for the construction of intercity portions which would close essential gaps in the Interstate System and provide a continuous System; that the Secretary of Transportation report to Congress before Oct. 1, 1976, on those intercity portions of the Interstate System the construction of which would be needed to close essential gaps in the System; and that a State which did not have sufficient projects to meet the 30 percent requirement would, upon approval of the Secretary of Transportation, be exempt from the requirement to the extent of such inability.

Section 102(c) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that no part of the funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out as a note below], for the Interstate System, shall be obligated for any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any portion of the Interstate System.

Section 150 of Pub. L. 94–280 directed Secretary of Transportation to undertake a complete study of the financing of completion of the Interstate Highway System and report to Congress within nine months the results of the study, and to submit to Congress within one year his recommendations regarding the need to provide Federal financial assistance for resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of routes of the System together with results of a study of alternative means of assuring that the high level of transportation service provided by the System is maintained.

Section 153 of Pub. L. 94–280 directed Secretary of Transportation to make an investigation and study for the purpose of determining the need for special Federal assistance in the construction or reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid system necessary for the transportation of coal or other uses in order to promote the solution of the Nation's energy problems; that such study include appropriate consultations with the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the Federal Energy Administration, and other appropriate Federal and State officials; that the Secretary report the results of such investigation and study together with his recommendations, to the Congress not later than one year after May 5, 1976; and that, in order to carry out the study, the Secretary use such funds as were available to him for such purposes under section 104(a) of this title.

Section 154 of Pub. L. 94–280, as amended by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §137(a), (b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2710, established National Transportation Policy Study Commission; directed Commission, not later than July 1, 1979, to make an investigation and study and report to the President and Congress on the transportation needs and the resources, requirements, and policies of the United States to meet such expected needs; and provided for the Commission to terminate six months after the report.

Section 102(d) of Pub. L. 93–643 provided that no funds appropriated under the expanded definition of this section [23 U.S.C. 101(a)] shall be expended without the formal consent of the governing body of the tribe band or group of Indians or Alaskan Natives for whose use the Indian reservation roads and bridges are intended.”

Section 120(b) of Pub. L. 93–643, relating to grants for demonstration projects designed to encourage the use of carpools in urban areas, was repealed by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706. See section 146 of this title.

Pub. L. 93–239, §§1–3, Jan. 2, 1974, 87 Stat. 1046, 1047, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §§114(c), 120(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 83 Stat. 2286, 2289; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §143, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 445; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2706, provided:

“[Section 1. Short title]. That this Act be cited as the ‘Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act’.

“

“

Section 4 of Pub. L. 93–239 amended section 601(d) of Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended [section 1421(d) of former Title 49, Transportation], relating to emergency locator transmitters.

Section 121 of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall develop and include in the report of Congress required to be submitted in January 1972, by section 3 of the Act of August 28, 1965 (79 Stat. 578; Public Law 89–139) [set out below], specific recommendations for the functional realinement of the Federal-aid systems. These recommendations shall be based on the functional classification study made in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments as required by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968 [see section 17 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note below] and submitted to the Congress in 1970, and the functional classification study now underway of the Federal-aid systems in 1990.

“(b) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress in January 1972, the Secretary shall also make recommendations to the Congress for a continuing Federal-aid highway program for the period 1976 to 1990. The needs estimates to be used in developing such programs shall be in conformance with the functional classification studies referred to in subsection (a) of this section and the recommendations for the functional realinement required by such subsection.

“(c) The recommendations required by subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be determined on the basis of studies now being conducted by the Secretary in cooperation with the State highway departments and local governments, and, in urban areas of more than fifty thousand population, utilizing the cooperative continuing comprehensive transportation planning process conducted in accordance with section 134 of title 23, United States Code. The highway needs estimates prepared by the States in connection with this report to Congress shall be submitted to Congress by the Secretary, together with his recommendations.

“(d) As a part of the future highway needs report to be submitted to Congress on January 1972, the Secretary shall report to Congress the Federal-aid urban system as designated, and the cost of its construction.”

Pub. L. 89–139, §3, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, which had required the submitting of a report to Congress every second year as to the estimates of the future highway needs of the Nation, and Pub. L. 90–495, §17, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823, which had required that the report include the results of a systematic nationwide functional highway classification study, were repealed by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §160(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135.

Pub. L. 90–495, §29, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, directed the Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands, to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before April 1, 1969.

Pub. L. 89–574, §13, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 2, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary, in cooperation with the government of Guam, the government of American Samoa, and the government of the Virgin Islands to make studies of the need for, and estimates and planning surveys relative to, highway construction programs for Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands, and to submit a report to Congress on or before July 1, 1967.

Section 5 of Pub. L. 85–767 directed Secretary of Commerce to submit to Congress not later than Feb. 1, 1959, a report on progress made in attaining objectives set forth in this section, together with recommendations.

Section 108(b) of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, 70 Stat. 378, as amended by Pub. L. 85–381, §7(a), Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 93; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §102, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611; Pub. L. 87–61, title I §103, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 89–139, §1, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 89–574, §2, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 90–495, §2, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815; Pub. L. 91–605 title I, §§102, 106(b)(1), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1716; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §102, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §102(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §102, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689; Pub. L. 97–134, §4(a), (b), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 97–327, §2, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§102, 127(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097, 2117; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§104, 138, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, 175; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §335(c), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, provided that: “For the purpose of expediting the construction, reconstruction, or improvement, inclusive of necessary bridges and tunnels, of the Interstate System, including extensions thereof through urban areas, designated in accordance with the provisions of subsection (e) of section 103 of title 23, United States Code, there is hereby authorized to be appropriated the additional sum of $1,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, which sum shall be in addition to the authorization heretofore made for that year, the additional sum of $1,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, the additional sum of $2,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1960, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the additional sum of $2,200,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, the additional sum of $2,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1963, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, the additional sum of $2,700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, the additional sum of $2,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, the additional sum of $3,400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, the additional sum of $3,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, the additional sum of $2,600,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, the additional sum of $3,250,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, the additional sum of $3,500,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, the additional sum of $3,100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, the additional sum of $4,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1987, the additional sum of $3,000,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1988, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1990, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991, the additional sum of $3,150,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1992, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1994, the additional sum of $1,800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1995, and the additional sum of $1,800,000,000, reduced by the amount made available under section 1045(b)(1)(B) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §335(a), Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2494, which is not classified to the Code], for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1996. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the appropriation of any sums to carry out sections 131, 136, or 319(b) of title 23, United States Code, or any provision of law relating to highway safety enacted after May 1, 1966. Beginning with funds authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980, no such funds shall be available for projects to expand or clear zones immediately adjacent to the paved roadway of routes designed prior to February, 1967. Effective on and after the date of enactment of this sentence [Dec. 29, 1981], the obligation of funds authorized by this subsection, except for advance construction interstate projects approved before the date of enactment of this sentence, shall be limited to the construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System which shall consist of (1) full access control; (2) a pavement design to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for the twenty-year period from date of authorization of the initial basic construction contract; (3) essential environmental requirements; (4) a design of not more than six lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in rural areas and all urbanized areas under four hundred thousand population, and up to eight lanes (exclusive of high occupancy vehicle lanes) in urbanized areas of four hundred thousand population or more as shown in the 1980 Federal census; and (5) those high occupancy vehicle lanes (including approaches and all directly related facilities) included in the interstate cost estimate for fiscal year 1981. The obligation of funds authorized by this subsection shall be further limited to the actual costs of only those design concepts, locations, geometrics, and other construction features included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate, except in any case where the Secretary of Transportation determines that a provision of Federal law requires a different design, location, geometric, or other construction feature of a type authorized by this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any other provision of this subsection, where a project is to be constructed (1) to provide parking garage ramps in conjunction with high occupancy vehicle lanes which flow into a distributor system emptying directly into ramps for off-street parking with preferential parking for carpools, vanpools, and buses and the ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort and are designed to feed into an aerial walkway system, or (2) to provide a parking lot near the terminus of an Interstate System spur route which radiates from an Interstate System beltway which will be used as an intermodal transfer facility for a light rail transit project to be constructed in the median of the spur route and the parking lot is part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (3) to provide a parking garage and associated facilities as part of an intermodal transfer facility with a transit system near or within an Interstate System route right-of-way which will have direct and indirect access to the facility by way of local streets and the parking garage and associated facilities are part of an environmental mitigation effort, or (4) to provide for the comprehensive upgrading of existing high occupancy vehicle lanes, new ramps and parking facilities at mass transit intermodal transfer points on an existing Interstate System route which has temporary high occupancy vehicle lanes in the median and the parking facilities and ramps are part of an environmental mitigation effort, the costs of such parking garage ramps, parking lots, parking garages, associated interchange ramps, high occupancy vehicle lanes, and other associated work eligible under title 23, United States Code, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if the costs for these projects were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible projects in any future interstate cost estimate. For purposes of this subsection, construction necessary to provide a minimum level of acceptable service on the Interstate System shall include, but not be limited to, any construction on the Interstate System which is required under a court order issued before the date of enactment of this sentence. Notwithstanding the fifth sentence of this subsection, the costs of a project which will upgrade an interstate route and will complete a gap on the Interstate System providing access to an international airport and which was described as the preferred alternative in a final environmental impact statement submitted to the Secretary of Transportation on September 30, 1983, shall be eligible for funds authorized by this subsection as if such costs were included in the 1981 interstate cost estimate and shall be included as eligible costs in any future interstate cost estimate, except that (1) such costs may be further developed in the design and environmental process under normal Federal-aid interstate procedures, and (2) the amount of such costs shall not include the portion of the project between High Street and Causeway Street.”

Section 127(b) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “Notwithstanding the provisions of section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended [set out above], the Secretary of Transportation may approve the expenditure of funds authorized under such section for the construction of a previously approved project which provides for improvements to and reconstruction of ramps and service roads which are being developed as part of a roadway system to relieve a severely congested segment on an Interstate route. Such expenditures shall be limited (1) to work necessary to provide more effective and safe operation of such Interstate route, and (2) to a section of an Interstate route which proceeded to construction contract prior to the date of enactment of such Act and which Interstate route, together with service roads, was constructed without the expenditure of any funds authorized by such section.”

Pub. L. 109–59, §2, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1153, provided that: “In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1120(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1192, provided that: “For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, 105, 130, 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, and section 1404 [set out as a note under section 402 of this title], relating to the safe routes to school program, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”

Pub. L. 105–178, §2, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 111, provided that: “In this Act [see Tables for classification], the following definitions apply:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(n), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(c)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835, provided that: “For the purposes of apportioning funds under sections 104, 105, 144, and 206 of title 23, United States Code, the term ‘State’ means any of the 50 States and the District of Columbia.”

Section 2 of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that: “In this Act [See Short Title of 1995 Amendment note above], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

Section 2 of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “As used in this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note above], the term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Transportation.”

1 So in original. The word “to” probably should appear.

2 So in original. Probably should be “Defense Highways,”.

(a)

(b)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1016(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1945; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1206, 1209, 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1304, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 185, 186, 193, 227; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1121(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1195.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 redesignated subsecs. (b) and (c) as (a) and (b), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (a). Text read as follows:

“(1)

“(2)

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1209, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1206, added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1304, which directed insertion of “(or such longer period as the State requests and the Secretary determines to be reasonable)” after “10 years” in first sentence of subsec. (b), was executed by making the insertion in first sentence of subsec. (c) to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–178, §1206. See below.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1206, redesignated subsec. (b) as (c).

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: “Authorizations” and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The provisions of this title apply to all unappropriated authorizations contained in prior Acts, and also to all unexpended appropriations, heretofore made, providing for the expenditure of Federal funds upon the Federal-aid systems. All such authorizations and appropriations shall continue in full force and effect, but hereafter obligations entered into and expenditures made pursuant thereto shall be subject to the provisions of this title.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) serve major population centers, international border crossings, ports, airports, public transportation facilities, and other intermodal transportation facilities and other major travel destinations;

(B) meet national defense requirements; and

(C) serve interstate and interregional travel.

(2)

(A) The Interstate System described in subsection (c).

(B) Other urban and rural principal arterial routes.

(C) Other connector highways (including toll facilities) that provide motor vehicle access between arterial routes on the National Highway System and a major intermodal transportation facility.

(D) A strategic highway network consisting of a network of highways that are important to the United States strategic defense policy and that provide defense access, continuity, and emergency capabilities for the movement of personnel, materials, and equipment in both peacetime and wartime. The highways may be highways on or off the Interstate System and shall be designated by the Secretary in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and the States.

(E) Major strategic highway network connectors consisting of highways that provide motor vehicle access between major military installations and highways that are part of the strategic highway network. The highways shall be designated by the Secretary in consultation with appropriate Federal agencies and the States.

(3)

(4)

(A)

(i) meets the criteria established for the National Highway System under this title; and

(ii) enhances the national transportation characteristics of the National Highway System.

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(5)

(6)

(A) Construction, reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of segments of the National Highway System.

(B) Operational improvements for segments of the National Highway System.

(C) Construction of, and operational improvements for, a Federal-aid highway not on the National Highway System, and construction of a transit project eligible for assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, if—

(i) the highway or transit project is in the same corridor as, and in proximity to, a fully access-controlled highway designated as a part of the National Highway System;

(ii) the construction or improvements will improve the level of service on the fully access-controlled highway described in clause (i) and improve regional traffic flow; and

(iii) the construction or improvements are more cost-effective than an improvement to the fully access-controlled highway described in clause (i).

(D) Highway safety improvements for segments of the National Highway System.

(E) Transportation planning in accordance with sections 134 and 135.

(F) Highway research and planning in accordance with chapter 5.

(G) Highway-related technology transfer activities.

(H) Capital and operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control facilities and programs.

(I) Fringe and corridor parking facilities.

(J) Carpool and vanpool projects.

(K) Bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways in accordance with section 217.

(L) Development, establishment, and implementation of management systems under section 303.

(M) In accordance with all applicable Federal law (including regulations), participation in natural habitat and wetland mitigation efforts related to projects funded under this title, which may include participation in natural habitat and wetland mitigation banks, contributions to statewide and regional efforts to conserve, restore, enhance, and create natural habitats and wetland, and development of statewide and regional natural habitat and wetland conservation and mitigation plans, including any such banks, efforts, and plans authorized under the Water Resources Development Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–640) (including crediting provisions). Contributions to the mitigation efforts described in the preceding sentence may take place concurrent with or in advance of project construction; except that contributions in advance of project construction may occur only if the efforts are consistent with all applicable requirements of Federal law (including regulations) and State transportation planning processes. With respect to participation in a natural habitat or wetland mitigation effort related to a project funded under this title that has an impact that occurs within the service area of a mitigation bank, preference shall be given, to the maximum extent practicable, to the use of the mitigation bank if the bank contains sufficient available credits to offset the impact and the bank is approved in accordance with the Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks (60 Fed. Reg. 58605 (November 28, 1995)) or other applicable Federal law (including regulations).

(N) Publicly-owned intracity or intercity bus terminals.

(O) Infrastructure-based intelligent transportation systems capital improvements.

[(P) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1118(b)(1)(B), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1181.]

(Q) Environmental restoration and pollution abatement in accordance with section 328.

(R) Control of noxious weeds and aquatic noxious weeds and establishment of native species in accordance with section 329.

(7)

(c)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(i) to connect by routes, as direct as practicable, the principal metropolitan areas, cities, and industrial centers;

(ii) to serve the national defense; and

(iii) to the maximum extent practicable, to connect at suitable border points with routes of continental importance in Canada and Mexico.

(D)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(I)

(II)

(III)

(iv)

(C)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(d)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(3)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 887; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(1), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), (c), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 87–866, §8(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 90–238, Jan. 2, 1968, 81 Stat. 772; Pub. L. 90–495, §§14, 21, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 822, 826; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(b), 124, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1716, 1729; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§109(a), 110(a), (b), 137, 148(a)–(c), (e), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 255, 256, 268, 274; Pub. L. 93–643, §125, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§109, 110, 111(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 431, 433; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §107(a), (b), (f)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2694, 2695; Pub. L. 96–106, §§1, 2(a), (c), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 796; Pub. L. 96–144, §2, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1084; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§107(a)–(c)(1), (d), (e), 108(f), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2101–2104; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(b), (f)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 136, 141; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1006(a), (b), (d), 1011, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1923, 1925, 1935, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1374; Pub. L. 103–429, §§3(1), 7(a)(4)(B), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377, 4389; Pub. L. 104–59, title I, §101, title III, §301(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 569, 578; Pub. L. 104–287, §2, Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3388; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 131; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1106, 1118(b)(1), title VI, §§6006(a)(1), 6007, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1166, 1181, 1872, 1873.)

Section 1105 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is section 1105 of Pub. L. 102–240, which amended section 105 of this title and enacted provisions establishing high priority corridors and segments, which are not classified to the Code.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(6)(M), is Pub. L. 101–640, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4604. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and Tables.

The date of enactment of this subclause, referred to in subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii)(III), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (d)(1), (2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

Another section 1106(b) of Pub. L. 105–178 is set out as a note below.

**2005**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(A), substituted “

Subsec. (b)(6)(P). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(B), struck out subpar. (P) which read as follows: “In the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, any project eligible for assistance under section 133, any airport, and any seaport.”

Subsec. (b)(6)(Q), (R). Pub. L. 109–59, §6006(a)(1), added subpars. (Q) and (R).

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 109–59, §1118(b)(1)(C), added par. (7).

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(a), substituted “25” for “12”.

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii)(I). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(b)(1), struck out “in the agreement between the Secretary and the State or States” before “under clause (ii)”.

Subsec. (c)(4)(B)(iii)(III). Pub. L. 109–59, §1106(b)(2), added subcl. (III).

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §6007, added par. (5).

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, section related to Federal-aid systems and, in subsec. (a), identified such systems, in subsec. (b), described National Highway System, in subsec. (e), described Interstate Highway System, in subsec. (f), specified authority of Secretary with respect to system, in subsec. (g), provided for removal of certain parts from system, in subsec. (h), authorized Secretary to pay all non-Federal costs of certain parts of system, and in subsec. (i), described eligible projects for National Highway System.

**1996**—Subsec. (e)(4)(L). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “

**1995**—Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(b)(1), substituted “The” for “For purposes of proposing highways for designation to the National Highway System, the”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(b)(2), substituted “The” for “In proposing highways for designation to the National Highway System, the” and inserted “on the National Highway System” after “highway mileage”.

Subsec. (b)(5) to (8). Pub. L. 104–59, §101(a), added pars. (5) to (8).

Subsec. (i)(8). Pub. L. 104–59, §301(a), added par. (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “Startup costs for traffic management and control if such costs are limited to the time period necessary to achieve operable status but not to exceed 2 years following the date of project approval, if such funds are not used to replace existing funds.”

**1994**—Subsec. (e)(4)(L)(i). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1)(A), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(B), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (e)(4)(L)(ii). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(1)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(B), substituted “section 5323(a)(1)(D) of title 49” for “section 3(e)(4) of the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (i)(3). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(1), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which established and continued four Federal-aid systems: primary, urban, secondary and Interstate.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(a), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to Federal-aid primary system.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(b)(1), struck out subsecs. (c) and (d) which related to Federal-aid secondary system and Federal-aid urban system, respectively.

Subsec. (e)(4)(E)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(c), inserted provisions at end specifying that funds authorized to be appropriated for substitute transit projects for fiscal year 1993 and for substitute highway projects for fiscal year 1995 are to remain available until expended.

Subsec. (e)(4)(G). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(1), struck out “and” before “$740,000,000”, inserted provisions relating to fiscal years 1992 through 1995 and inserted provisions authorizing obligation of sums for transit substitute projects.

Subsec. (e)(4)(H)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(2)(A), inserted provisions at end relating to apportionment of funds for fiscal years 1992 through 1995.

Subsec. (e)(4)(H)(iii). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(a)(2)(B), (C), substituted “1988–1995” for “1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991” in heading and “1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1995” for “and 1991” in text.

Subsec. (e)(4)(I). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted “Federal Transit Act” for “Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964”.

Subsec. (e)(4)(J)(i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(b)(1), (2), inserted “and ending before October 1, 1991” after “1983,” and provisions at end relating to apportionment of 100 percent of funds appropriated for fiscal years 1992 and 1993.

Subsec. (e)(4)(J)(iii). Pub. L. 102–240, §1011(b)(3), (4), substituted “1988–1993” for “1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991” in heading and substituted “1991, 1992, and 1993” for “and 1991” in text.

Subsec. (e)(4)(L). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted “FTA” for “UMTA” in heading and “Federal Transit Act” for “Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964” in cls. (i) and (ii).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(b)(2), struck out “the Federal-aid primary system, the Federal-aid secondary system, the Federal-aid urban system, and” before “the Interstate System” and struck out at end “No Federal-aid system or portion thereof shall be eligible for projects in which Federal funds participate until approved by the Secretary.”

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(d), added subsec. (i).

**1987**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(A)–(D), (H)–(J), inserted heading, indented par. (1) and aligned such par. and pars. (2), (3), and (5) to (9) with par. (4), as amended, and inserted headings for pars. (1) to (3), (8), and (9).

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(b), amended par. (4) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) to (P) provisions formerly contained in a single paragraph.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(E), (K), inserted heading, aligned subpars. (A) and (B) with subpar. (A) of par. (4), and substituted “withdrawal of approval.” for “withdrawal of approval; and” in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(6). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(F), (K), inserted heading, aligned subpars. (A) and (B) with subpar. (A) of par. (4), and substituted “withdrawal of approval.” for “withdrawal of approval;” in subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(7). Pub. L. 100–17, §103(f)(1)(G), inserted heading and substituted “are to be applied.” for “are to be applied; and”.

**1983**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–424, §108(f), substituted “Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” for “or Puerto Rico” after “Hawaii, Alaska,”.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 97–424, §107(a)(1), struck out eighth sentence and substituted provision relating to authorizations and apportionment of funds for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1983, through Sept. 30, 1986, and relating to substitute highway projects and substitute transit projects for provision that there were authorized to be appropriated for liquidation of the obligations incurred under this paragraph such sums as might be necessary out of the general fund of the Treasury.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(a)(2), struck out sixth sentence and substituted provisions relating to the period of availability of sums apportioned under this paragraph and of sums available for obligation and the disposition of funds apportioned to a State and unobligated for provision that the sums available for obligation would remain available until obligated.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(b), inserted at end provision that any route or segment thereof which was statutorily designed after March 7, 1978, to be on the Interstate System shall not be eligible for withdrawal or substitution under this subsection.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(A), inserted “or up to and including the 1983 interstate cost estimate, whichever is earlier,” after “approved by Congress,” and before “subject to increase or decrease” in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(B), struck out “the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 or” after “portion thereof as of”, and “whichever is later, and in accordance with the design of the route or portion thereof that is the basis of the latest cost estimate” after “substitute project under this paragraph,” in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(c)(1)(C), inserted “or the date of approval of the 1983 interstate cost estimate, whichever is earlier,” after “approval of each substitute project under this paragraph” in provision in second sentence relating to the action of the Secretary in withdrawing his approval under this paragraph.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(d), inserted provision in third sentence that except with respect to any route which on May 12, 1982, is under judicial injunction prohibiting its construction the Secretary may approve substitute projects and withdrawals on such route until Sept. 30, 1985.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(e)(1), struck out “which is within an urbanized area or which passes through and connects urbanized areas within a State and” after “portion thereof on the Interstate System” in first sentence.

Pub. L. 97–424, §107(e)(2), substituted “which will serve the area or areas from which the interstate route or portion thereof was withdrawn, which are selected by the responsible local officials of the area or areas to be served, and which are selected by the Governor or the Governors of the State or the States in which the withdrawn route was located if the withdrawn route was not within an urbanized area or did not pass through and connect urbanized areas, and which are submitted by the Governors of the States in which the withdrawn route was located”, for “which will serve the urbanized area and the connecting nonurbanized area corridor from which the interstate route or portion thereof was withdrawn, which are selected by the responsible local officials of the urbanized area or area to be served, and which are submitted by the Governor of the State in which the withdrawn route was located”, after “section 103 of this title; or both,” in second sentence.

**1979**—Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 96–144 provided that after Sept. 30, 1979, the Secretary shall not withdraw his approval under par. (4) of any route or portion thereof on the Interstate System open to traffic before the date of the proposed withdrawal, and that any withdrawal of approval of any such route or portion thereof before Sept. 30, 1979, is determined to be authorized by par. (4).

Pub. L. 96–106, §1, inserted provision that the preceding sentence not apply to a designation made under section 139 of this title.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 96–106, §2(a), inserted “, in the case of any withdrawal of approval before November 6, 1978” after “any other provision of law”.

Subsec. (e)(6) to (9). Pub. L. 96–106, §2(c), added pars. (6) and (7) and redesignated former pars. (6) and (7) as (8) and (9), respectively.

**1978**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(a)(1), substituted provisions relating to the deadline for designation of Interstate routes for provisions relating to maximum costs of all mileage and granting of preferences.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(a)(2), (b), (f)(1)(A), substituted provision setting the maximum Federal share at 85 per cent of the cost of the substitute project for provision stating that the share would be determined in accordance with section 120 of this title, inserted provisions relating to deadline for approval by Secretary and designation of mileage, and struck out provision relating to withdrawal of approval.

Subsec. (e)(5) to (7). Pub. L. 95–599, §107(f)(1)(B), (C), redesignated par. (5) as (7) and added pars. (5) and (6).

**1976**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 94–280, §§109(a), 111(a), struck out from second sentence “prior to the enactment of this paragraph” after “with this title,” and in fourth sentence, substituted provision respecting limitation of cost to United States for aggregate of mileage for route withdrawals which read as follows: “or if the cost of any such withdrawn route was not included in such 1972 Interstate System cost estimate, the cost of such withdrawn route as set forth in the last Interstate System cost estimate before such 1972 cost estimate which was approved by Congress and which included the cost of such withdrawn route, increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof, which, (i) in the case of a withdrawn route the cost of which was not included in the 1972 cost estimate but in an earlier cost estimate, have occurred between such earlier cost estimate and the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, and (ii) in the case of a withdrawn route the cost of which was included in the 1972 cost estimate, have occurred between the 1972 cost estimate and the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, or the date of withdrawal of approval, whichever date is later, and in each case costs shall be based on that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of the applicable cost estimate” for “increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate.”

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 94–280, §110(a), in revising par. (4), substituting provisions set out in text for prior provisions set out in note hereunder, among other changes: authorized the Secretary to withdraw approval of route or portion thereof on Interstate System which passes through and connects urbanized areas within a State and to incur obligations for Federal share of projects authorized under any highway assistance program under section 103 of this title; provided for determination of Federal share of substitute projects as provided in section 120 of this title applicable to the highway program of which the substitute project is a part; made specific reference to section 4 of, for prior general reference to, Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as source of Federal share for mass transit projects; authorized sums available for obligation to remain available until obligated; made sums obligated for mass transit projects part of, to be administered through, Urban Mass Transportation Fund; authorized appropriations out of general fund of the Treasury for liquidation of obligations incurred under this paragraph; made amended par. (4) effective Aug. 13, 1973; and deleted provisions making route withdrawn mileage available for designation on Interstate System in any other State, prohibition against obligation under this paragraph of general funds after June 30, 1981, and requirement that for nonhighway public mass transit project, the Secretary receive State assurance that public mass transportation system will fully utilize the proposed project.

Pub. L. 94–280, §110(b), inserted provision for application of sums to a permissible transportation project when paid to a State for a route or portion of the Interstate System in event of withdrawal of approval for the route or portion instead of making of refund to Highway Trust Fund.

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 94–280, §109(b), added par. (5).

**1975**—Subsec. (e)(2), (4). Pub. L. 93–643 inserted “, increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate” after “House Report Numbered 92–1443”.

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(b), (e), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted “access roads to airports,” after “local rural roads”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 93–87, §§109(a), 148(c), authorized establishment of Federal-aid urban system in such other urban areas as the State highway department may designate, substituted “shall include high traffic volume arterial and collector routes, including access roads to airports and other transportation terminals” for “designed taking into consideration the highest traffic volume corridors, and the longest trips within such area and shall be selected so as to best serve the goals and objectives of the community as determined by the responsible local officials of such urbanized area based upon the planning process required pursuant to the provisions of section 134 of this title”, reenacted third sentence without change, inserted “to the extent feasible” in the text reading “Each route of the system to the extent feasible shall connect with another route”, substituted “Routes . . . shall be selected by the appropriate local officials so as to serve the goals and objectives of the community, with the concurrence of the State highway departments, and, in urbanized areas, also in accordance with the planning process under section 134 of this title” for “Routes . . . shall be selected by the appropriate local officials and the State highway departments in cooperation with each other subject to the approval of the Secretary as provided in subsection (f) of this section”, and inserted preceding last sentence “Designation of the Federal-aid urban system shall be subject to the approval of the Secretary as provided in subsection (f) of this section”, and designated provisions, as amended, as par. (1), respectively.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §148(c), added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §137(a), substituted in first sentence “additional mileage for the Interstate System of five hundred miles” for “additional mileage for the Interstate System of two hundred miles”; in fourth sentence “1972 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Public Works Committee Print Numbered 92–29, as revised in House Report Numbered 92–1443” for “1968 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 199, Ninetieth Congress, as revised”; and in fifth sentence “preference, along with due regard for interstate highway type needs on a nationwide basis,” for “due regard”, respectively.

Subsec. (e)(4). Pub. L. 93–87, §137(b), added par. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §110(a), substituted first sentence reading “the Secretary, on July 1, 1974, shall remove from designation as a part of the Interstate System each segment of such system for which a State has not notified the Secretary that such State intends to construct such segment, and which the Secretary finds is not essential to completion of a unified and connected Interstate System.” for “The Secretary, on July 1, 1973, shall remove from designation as a part of the Interstate System every segment of such System for which a State has not established a schedule for the expenditure of funds for completion of construction of such segment within the period of availability of funds authorized to be appropriated for completion of the Interstate System, and with respect to which the State has not provided the Secretary with assurances satisfactory to him that such schedule will be met.”; deleted former second sentence reading “Nothing in the preceding sentence shall be construed to prohibit the substitution prior to July 1, 1973, of alternative segments of the Interstate System which will meet the requirements of this title.”; substituted “Any segment of the Interstate System, with respect to which a State has not submitted by July 1, 1975, a schedule for the expenditure of funds for completion of construction of such segment or alternative segment within the period of availability of funds authorized to be appropriated for completion of the Interstate System, and with respect to which the State has not provided the Secretary with assurances satisfactory to him such schedule will be met,” for “Any segment of the Interstate System with respect to which a State has not submitted plans, specifications, and estimates for approval by the Secretary by July 1, 1975,” before “shall be removed from designation as a part of the Interstate System”; authorized the Secretary to designate as a part of the Interstate System any segment previously removed from the System when necessary in the interest of national defense or for other reasons of national interest; and made subsec. (g) inapplicable to any segment of the Interstate System referred to in section 23(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–87, §110(b), added subsec. (h).

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(3), substituted “four” for “three” and added the urban system to the list of Federal-aid systems.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), substituted “subsection (f)” for “subsection (e)”.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), added subsec. (d), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e) and substituted “subsection (f)” for “subsection (e)”. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(b)(1), (2), redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f) and inserted reference to Federal-aid urban system.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–605, §124, added subsec. (g).

**1968**—Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 90–495, §14(a), inserted provision making allowance for an exception in pars. (2) and (3) to the forty-one thousand mile total extent of the Interstate system.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 90–495, §21, substituted “1968 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 199, Ninetieth Congress, as revised” for “1965 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in House Document Numbered 42, Eighty-ninth Congress”.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 90–495, §14(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–238 redesignated existing provision as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**1962**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–866 substituted “This system may be located both in rural and urban areas, but any extension of the system into urban areas shall be subject to the condition that such extension pass through the urban area or connect with another Federal-aid system within the urban area” for “This system shall be confined to rural areas, except (1) that in any State having a population density of more than two hundred per square mile as shown by the latest available Federal census, the system may include mileage in urban areas as well as rural, and (2) that the system may be extended into urban areas subject to the conditions that any such extension passes through the urban area or connects with another Federal-aid system within the urban area, and that Federal participation in projects on such extensions is limited to urban funds”.

**1960**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–624, §17(c), substituted “within the United States, including the District of Columbia, and” for “within the continental United States and”, and inserted “to the greatest extent possible” in two places.

**1959**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86–70 repealed subsec. (f) which related to determination of roads in the Territory of Alaska on which Federal-aid funds could be expended.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), repealed subsec. (g) which provided that the systems of highways on which funds apportioned to the Territory of Hawaii under this chapter shall be expended may be determined and agreed upon by the Governor of said Territory and the Secretary.

Section 7(a) of Pub. L. 103–429 provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective July 5, 1994.

Amendment by sections 1006 and 1011 of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 107(c) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to each route or portion thereof designated under section 103(e)(2) of title 23, United States Code, before January 1, 1978, the construction of which was not complete on such date, and the Secretary of Transportation shall make such revisions in existing contracts and agreements as may be necessary to carry out this section and the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section.”

Section 107(f)(2) of Pub. L. 95–599, which provided that the amendments made by section 107(f)(1) of Pub. L. 95–599 to this section apply to any withdrawal of approval before Nov. 6, 1978, was repealed by Pub. L. 96–106, §2(b), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 796.

Section 110(c) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect June 30, 1973.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 8(b) of Pub. L. 87–866 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to apportionments made before as well as after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1962].”

Section 21(d) of Pub. L. 86–70 provided that the repeal of subsec. (f) of this section, sections 116(d), 119, and 120(h) of this title, and sections 321a to 321d and 322 to 325 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, is effective July 1, 1959.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1306, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1215, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) to facilitate and support intermodal freight transportation initiatives at the State and local levels to relieve congestion and improve safety; and

“(2) to provide capital funding to address infrastructure and freight distribution needs at inland ports and intermodal freight facilities.

“(c)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) reduce congestion into and out of international ports located in the United States;

“(B) demonstrate ways to increase the likelihood that freight container movements involve freight containers carrying goods; and

“(C) establish or expand intermodal facilities that encourage the development of inland freight distribution centers.

“(3)

“(A) Short-haul intermodal projects, Oregon, $5,000,000.

“(B) The Georgia Port Authority, $5,000,000.

“(C) The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California, $5,000,000.

“(D) Fairbanks, Alaska, $5,000,000.

“(E) Charlotte Douglas International Airport Freight Intermodal Facility, North Carolina, $5,000,000.

“(F) South Piedmont Freight Intermodal Center, North Carolina, $5,000,000.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(2)

“(h)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 131, provided that: “The Secretary shall administer the National Highway System program and the Interstate Maintenance program as a combined program for purposes of allowing States maximum flexibility. References in this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code, shall not be affected by such consolidation.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, provided that: “Unobligated balances of funds apportioned to a State under section 103(e)(4)(H) of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998]), shall be available for obligation by the State under the law (including regulations, policies, and procedures) relating to the obligation and expenditure of the funds in effect on that date.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) review the condition of and improvements made, since the designation of the National Highway System, to connectors on the National Highway System that serve seaports, airports, and other intermodal freight transportation facilities; and

“(B) report to Congress on the results of such review.

“(2)

“(3)

Section 1006(c) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Section 103(a) of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary to apportion for fiscal year 1987 the sums to be apportioned for such year under 22 U.S.C. 103(e)(4) for expenditure on substitute highway and transit projects, using the apportionment factors contained in the Committee Print Numbered 100–6 of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives.

Section 103(c) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Section 137 of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary, in cooperation with up to 5 States, to conduct a combined road plan demonstration to test feasibility of approaches for combining, streamlining, and increasing flexibility in administration of Federal-aid secondary program, Federal-aid urban program, and the off-system bridge, urban bridge, and secondary bridge programs and to submit to Congress an interim report on the program being carried out within 3 years after Apr. 2, 1987, and a final report evaluating the effectiveness of the demonstration program and making needed recommendations as soon as practicable after completion of the demonstration.

Section 107(c)(2) of Pub. L. 97–424, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(f)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, with respect to any route or portion thereof on the Interstate System approval of which is or has been withdrawn under section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code, in any case where the sum determined under subparagraph (B) of such section is less than the cost to complete the withdrawn route or portion (in accordance with the design of such route or portion on the date of such withdrawal) as of June 30, 1980, as a result of decreases in construction costs, the sum which shall be available to the Secretary under such subparagraph shall be an amount equal to such cost of completion as of June 30, 1980.”

Section 3 of Pub. L. 96–144 provided that: “Notwithstanding the amendment made to section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code, by the preceding section, in the case where the Secretary has withdrawn his approval of a route or portion thereof on the Interstate System under such section between June 20, 1979, and June 30, 1979, both dates inclusive, the sum available to the Secretary of Transportation to incur obligations for projects substituted for such withdrawn route or portion thereof shall be a sum equal to the Federal share of the cost to complete the withdrawn route or portion thereof, as that cost is included in the 1975 Interstate System cost estimate, as approved by Congress, subject to increase or decrease as determined by the Secretary based on changes in the construction costs of the withdrawn route or portion thereof as of the date of approval of each substitute project under section 103(e)(4) of title 23, United States Code.”

Section 107(d) of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including but not limited to section 103 of title 23, United States Code and this section, no route or portion thereof shall be constructed on The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways with respect to which an environmental impact statement has not been submitted to the Secretary of Transportation in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [section 4321 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare] by September 30, 1983. Any such route or portion thereof shall thereupon be removed from designation as part of such Interstate System.”

Section 107(e) of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §107(g), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2103; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §103(d)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 141, provided that: “By September 30, 1986, all routes or portions thereof on the Interstate System (for which the Secretary of Transportation finds that sufficient Interstate authorizations are available) must be under contract for construction or construction must have commenced. Immediately after such date, the Secretary shall remove from designation as part of the Interstate System each route or portion thereof not complying with this subsection.”

[Section 103(d)(2) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending section 107(e) of Pub. L. 95–599 set out above] shall take effect September 29, 1986.”]

Section 111(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [to fourth sentence of subsec. (e)(2) of this section] shall be applicable to each route on the Interstate System approval of which was withdrawn or is hereafter withdrawn by the Secretary of Transportation in accordance with the provisions of section 103(e)(2) of title 23, United States Code, including any route on the Interstate System approval of which was withdrawn by the Secretary of Transportation in accordance with the provisions of title 23, United States Code, on August 30, 1965, for the purpose of designating an alternative route.”

Section 103(e)(4) of this title, as added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §137(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 269, and amended Pub. L. 93–643, §125(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290, read prior to amendment by section 110 of Pub. L. 94–280 [set out in the text] as follows: “Upon the joint request of a State Governor and the local governments concerned, the Secretary may withdraw his approval of any route or portion thereof on the Interstate System within any urbanized area in that State selected and approved in accordance with this title prior to the enactment of this paragraph, if he determines that such route or portion thereof is not essential to completion of a unified and connected Interstate System or will no longer be essential by reason of the application of this paragraph and will not be constructed as a part of the Interstate System, and if he receives assurances that the State does not intend to construct a toll road in the traffic corridor which would be served by such route or portion thereof. The mileage of the route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph shall be available for designation on the Interstate System in any other State in accordance with paragraph (1) of this subsection. After the Secretary has withdrawn his approval of any such route or portion thereof, whenever responsible local officials of such urbanized area notify the State highway department that, in lieu of a route or portion thereof approval for which is withdrawn under this paragraph, their needs require a nonhighway public mass transit project involving the construction of fixed rail facilities, or the purchase of passenger equipment, including rolling stock for any mode of mass transit, or both, and the State highway department determines that such public mass transit project is in accordance with the planning process under section 134 of this title and is entitled to priority under such planning process, such public mass transit project shall be submitted for approval to the Secretary. Approval of the plans, specifications, and estimates for such project by the Secretary shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment out of the general funds in the Treasury of its proportional share of the cost of such project in an amount equal to the Federal share which would be paid for such a project under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 [section 1601 et seq. of Title 49, Transportation], except that the total Federal cost of all such projects under this paragraph with respect to such route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph, shall not exceed the Federal share of the cost which would have been paid for such route or portion thereof, as such cost is included in the 1972 Interstate System cost estimate set forth in table 5 of House Public Works Committee Print Numbered 92–29, as revised in House Report Numbered 92–1443, increased or decreased, as the case may be, as determined by the Secretary, based on changes in construction costs of such route or portion thereof as of the date of withdrawal of approval under this paragraph and in accordance with that design of such route or portion thereof which is the basis of such 1972 cost estimate. Funds apportioned to such State for the Interstate System, which apportionment is based upon an Interstate System cost estimate that includes a route or portion thereof approval of which is withdrawn under this paragraph, shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Federal share of such project as such share becomes a contractual obligation of the United States. No general funds shall be obligated under authority of this paragraph after June 30, 1981. No nonhighway public mass transit project shall be approved under this paragraph unless the Secretary has received assurances satisfactory to him from the State that public mass transportation systems will fully utilize the proposed project. The provision of assistance under this paragraph shall not be construed as bringing within the application of chapter 15 of title 5, United States Code [section 1501 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], any nonsupervisory employee of an urban mass transportation system (or of any other agency or entity performing related functions) to whom such chapter is otherwise inapplicable. Funds available for expenditure to carry out the purposes of this paragraph shall be supplementary to and not in substitution for funds authorized and available for obligation pursuant to the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended [section 1601 et seq. of Title 49, Transportation]. The provisions of section 3(e)(4) of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, [section 1602 (e)(4) of Title 49], shall apply in carrying out this paragraph.”

Section 148(d) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “Federal-aid systems realignment shall be based upon anticipated functional usage in the year 1980 or a planned connected system.”

(a)

(1)

(A) $353,024,000 for fiscal year 2005;

(B) $370,613,540 for fiscal year 2006;

(C) $389,079,500 for fiscal year 2007;

(D) $408,465,500 for fiscal year 2008; and

(E) $423,717,460 for fiscal year 2009.

(2)

(A) to administer the provisions of law to be financed from appropriations for the Federal-aid highway program and programs authorized under chapter 2; and

(B) to make transfers of such sums as the Secretary determines to be appropriate to the Appalachian Regional Commission for administrative activities associated with the Appalachian development highway system.

(3)

(b)

(1)

(A)

(i) 25 percent in the ratio that—

(I) the total lane miles of principal arterial routes (excluding Interstate System routes) in each State; bears to

(II) the total lane miles of principal arterial routes (excluding Interstate System routes) in all States.

(ii) 35 percent in the ratio that—

(I) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on principal arterial routes (excluding Interstate System routes) in each State; bears to

(II) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on principal arterial routes (excluding Interstate System routes) in all States.

(iii) 30 percent in the ratio that—

(I) the total diesel fuel used on highways in each State; bears to

(II) the total diesel fuel used on highways in all States.

(iv) 10 percent in the ratio that—

(I) the quotient obtained by dividing the total lane miles on principal arterial highways in each State by the total population of the State; bears to

(II) the quotient obtained by dividing the total lane miles on principal arterial highways in all States by the total population of all States.

(B)

(2)

(A)

(i) the total of all weighted nonattainment and maintenance area populations in each State; bears to

(ii) the total of all weighted nonattainment and maintenance area populations in all States.

(B)

(i) 1.0 if, at the time of apportionment, the area is a maintenance area;

(ii) 1.0 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a marginal ozone nonattainment area under subpart 2 of part D of title I of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7511 et seq.);

(iii) 1.1 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a moderate ozone nonattainment area under such subpart;

(iv) 1.2 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a serious ozone nonattainment area under such subpart;

(v) 1.3 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a severe ozone nonattainment area under such subpart;

(vi) 1.4 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as an extreme ozone nonattainment area under such subpart;

(vii) 1.0 if, at the time of the apportionment, the area is not a nonattainment or maintenance area as described in section 149(b) for ozone, but is classified under subpart 3 of part D of title I of such Act (42 U.S.C. 7512 et seq.) as a nonattainment area described in section 149(b) for carbon monoxide; or

(viii) 1.0 if, at the time of apportionment, an area is designated as nonattainment for ozone under subpart 1 of part D of title I of such Act (42 U.S.C. 7512 et seq.).1

(C)

(D)

(E)

(3)

(A)

(i) 25 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the total lane miles of Federal-aid highways in each State; bears to

(II) the total lane miles of Federal-aid highways in all States.

(ii) 40 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on Federal-aid highways in each State; bears to

(II) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on Federal-aid highways in all States.

(iii) 35 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the estimated tax payments attributable to highway users in each State paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the latest fiscal year for which data are available; bears to

(II) the estimated tax payments attributable to highway users in all States paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the latest fiscal year for which data are available.

(B)

(4)

(A) 331/3 percent in the ratio that—

(i) the total lane miles on Interstate System routes open to traffic in each State; bears to

(ii) the total of all such lane miles in all States;

(B) 331/3 percent in the ratio that—

(i) the total vehicle miles traveled on Interstate System routes open to traffic in each State; bears to

(ii) the total of all such vehicle miles traveled in all States; and

(C) 331/3 percent in the ratio that—

(i) the total of each State's annual contributions to the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) attributable to commercial vehicles; bears to

(ii) the total of such annual contributions by all States.

(5)

(A)

(i) 331/3 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the total lane miles of Federal-aid highways in each State; bears to

(II) the total lane miles of Federal-aid highways in all States.

(ii) 331/3 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on Federal-aid highways in each State; bears to

(II) the total vehicle miles traveled on lanes on Federal-aid highways in all States.

(iii) 331/3 percent of the apportionments in the ratio that—

(I) the number of fatalities on Federal-aid highways in each State in the latest fiscal year for which data are available; bears to

(II) the number of fatalities on Federal-aid highways in all States in the latest fiscal year for which data are available.

(B)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A) before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) for fiscal year 2005, the Secretary shall set aside $560,000 for such fiscal year; and

(B) there is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) $560,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009.

(2)

(A)

(i) before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) for fiscal year 2005, the Secretary shall set aside $5,250,000 for such fiscal year; and

(ii) there is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) $7,250,000 for fiscal year 2006, $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2007, $12,500,000 for fiscal year 2008, and $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

(B)

(i) 5 railway corridors selected by the Secretary in accordance with this subsection (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this clause);

(ii) 3 railway corridors selected by the Secretary in accordance with subparagraphs (C) and (D);

(iii) a Gulf Coast high speed railway corridor (as designated by the Secretary);

(iv) a Keystone high speed railway corridor from Philadelphia to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; and

(v) an Empire State railway corridor from New York City to Albany to Buffalo, New York.

(C)

(D)

(i) projected rail ridership volume in each corridor;

(ii) the percentage of each corridor over which a train will be capable of operating at its maximum cruise speed taking into account such factors as topography and other traffic on the line;

(iii) projected benefits to nonriders such as congestion relief on other modes of transportation serving each corridor (including congestion in heavily traveled air passenger corridors);

(iv) the amount of State and local financial support that can reasonably be anticipated for the improvement of the line and related facilities; and

(v) the cooperation of the owner of the right-of-way that can reasonably be expected in the operation of high speed rail passenger service in each corridor.

(E)

(F)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(g) Not more than 40 per centum of the amount apportioned in any fiscal year to each State in accordance with sections 130 and 144 may be transferred from the apportionment under one section to the apportionment under any other of such sections if such a transfer is requested by the State transportation department and is approved by the Secretary as being in the public interest. The Secretary may approve the transfer of 100 per centum of the apportionment under one such section to the apportionment under any other of such sections if such transfer is requested by the State transportation department, and is approved by the Secretary as being in the public interest, if he has received satisfactory assurances from such State transportation department that the purposes of the program from which such funds are to be transferred have been met. A State may transfer not to exceed 50 percent of the State's apportionment under section 144 in any fiscal year to the apportionment of such State under subsection (b)(1) or subsection (b)(3) of this section. Any transfer to subsection (b)(3) shall not be subject to section 133(d). Nothing in this subsection authorizes the transfer of any amount apportioned from the Highway Trust Fund to any apportionment the funds for which were not from the Highway Trust Fund, and nothing in this subsection authorizes the transfer of any amount apportioned from funds not from the Highway Trust Fund to any apportionment the funds for which were from the Highway Trust Fund.

(h)

(1)

(2)

(A) 50 percent of that amount shall be apportioned equally among eligible States.

(B) 50 percent of that amount shall be apportioned among eligible States in amounts proportionate to the degree of non-highway recreational fuel use in each of those States during the preceding year.

(3)

(i)

(j)

(1) the amount obligated, by each State, for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs during the preceding fiscal year;

(2) the balance, as of the last day of the preceding fiscal year, of the unobligated apportionment of each State by fiscal year under this section and sections 105 and 144;

(3) the balance of unobligated sums available for expenditure at the discretion of the Secretary for such highways and programs for the fiscal year; and

(4) the rates of obligation of funds apportioned or set aside under this section and sections 105, 133, and 144, according to—

(A) program;

(B) funding category or subcategory;

(C) type of improvement;

(D) State; and

(E) sub-State geographic area, including urbanized and rural areas, on the basis of the population of each such area.

(k)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(4)

(*l*)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 889; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(2), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(g), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 87–866, §10(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 88–157, §§2, 3, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 88–423, §4(a), Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397; Pub. L. 89–574, §4(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 90–495, §4(b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 816; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§104(b), 106(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714, 1717; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§106(b), 111(a), 112, title II, §227, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 254, 256, 257, 292; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §§106(b), 107(b), 112(a)–(g), 113(a), title II, §206, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 429, 430, 433–435, 453; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§108–110, 116(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2695, 2696, 2699; Pub. L. 97–134, §§4(c), 5, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1700; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§102(b)(1), (2), 114(e)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, 153; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(a)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388; Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §333 (part), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2184; Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1001(c)–(e), 1003(e), 1006(e), (f), 1007(b), 1008(b), 1009(d), 1010, 1024(b), (c)(2), 1028(g), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1915, 1916, 1926, 1930, 1932, 1934, 1962, 1968; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§302, 319(a)(2), 337(f), title IV, §410, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578, 589, 603, 633; Pub. L. 105–130, §§4(a)(3), 5(b), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2556; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(a)–(k), (*o*), 1212(a)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 118–125, 193; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(c)(3), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §101(b), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1751; Pub. L. 108–178, §4(d), Dec. 15, 2003, 117 Stat. 2641; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1103, 1107–1109(a), 1118(b)(2), 1401(a)(3)(A), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1161, 1166–1168, 1181, 1225; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(i), (m)(3)(A), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574, 1576.)

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(B), (C), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322. Subparts 1, 2, and 3 of part D of title I of the Act are classified to subparts 1 (§7501 et seq.), 2 (§7511 et seq.), and 3 (§7512 et seq.), respectively, of part D of subchapter I of chapter 85 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this clause, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

Section 901(e) of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (*l*), is section 901(e) of Pub. L. 105–34, title IX, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 872, which is set out as a note under section 6302 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (*l*), is Pub. L. 105–178, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 105–178, set out as a Short Title of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title and Tables.

Another section 1003(e) of Pub. L. 102–240, as added by Pub. L. 105–130, §2(d), is not classified to the Code.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(i), substituted “Federal-aid highways” for “the Federal-aid system” in subcls. (I) and (II).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(3)(A), struck out “replacement and rehabilitation” after “highway bridge”.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions authorizing appropriations for administrative expenses of the Federal Highway Administration and provisions relating to uses and availability of funds for provisions relating to deduction for administrative activities from sums made available under certain programs and provisions relating to consideration of unobligated balances, availability of sums, and limitation on transferability.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §§1103(a)(2)(A), 1401(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “the set-asides authorized by subsections (d) and (f) and section 130(e)” for “the deduction authorized by subsection (a) and the set-aside authorized by subsection (f)” and inserted “the highway safety improvement program,” after “Improvement program,”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §§1103(b), (c), 1118(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted “$40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006 and $50,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2009 for the territorial highway program under section 215, $30,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009” for “$36,400,000 for each fiscal year to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, $18,800,000 for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2002”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(1)(A), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: “0.8 if—

“(I) at the time of the apportionment, the area is a maintenance area; or

“(II) at the time of the apportionment, the area is classified as a submarginal ozone nonattainment area under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.);”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(viii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(1)(B)–(D), added cl. (viii).

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(d)(2), added subpar. (C) and struck out former subpar. (C), which required that the weighted nonattainment or maintenance area population of the area for a carbon monoxide nonattainment area be further multiplied by a factor of 1.2 and that the weighted nonattainment or maintenance area population of the area for a carbon monoxide maintenance area be further multiplied by a factor of 1.1.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(b)(2), added par. (5).

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “Before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) of this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $500,000 for such fiscal year for carrying out a public information and education program to help prevent and reduce motor vehicle accidents, injuries, and fatalities and to improve driver performance at railway-highway crossings.”

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), reenacted heading without change.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(1), added subpar. (A) and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (A). Text read as follows: “Before making an apportionment of funds under subsection (b)(3) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $5,250,000 of the funds made available for the surface transportation program for the fiscal year for elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(f)(2), substituted “Of such set-aside, not less than $250,000 for fiscal year 2005, $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2006, $1,750,000 for fiscal year 2007, $2,250,000 for fiscal year 2008, and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2009” for “Not less than $250,000 of such set-aside” and struck out “per fiscal year” after “shall be available”.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(2)(B), struck out “, and also the sums which he has deducted for administration pursuant to subsection (a) of this section” after “such fiscal year”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary, after making the deduction authorized by subsection (a) of this section, shall set aside not to exceed 1 percent of the remaining funds authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon programs authorized under this title, for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of section 134 of this title.”

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(2), substituted “percent” for “per centum”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(3), designated first sentence as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and substituted subpar. (B) for second sentence which read as follows: “These funds shall be matched in accordance with section 120(b) unless the Secretary determines that the interests of the Federal-aid highway program would be best served without such matching.”

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1107(4), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(a)(3)(A), substituted “sections 130 and 144” for “sections 130, 144, and 152 of this title”.

Subsec. (h)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(a)(1), substituted “Before apportioning sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out the recreational trails program under section 206, the Secretary shall deduct for administrative, research, technical assistance, and training expenses for such program $840,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009.” for “Whenever an apportionment is made of the sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out the recreational trails program under section 206, the Secretary shall deduct an amount, not to exceed 1½ percent of the sums authorized, to cover the cost to the Secretary for administration of and research and technical assistance under the recreational trails program and for administration of the National Recreational Trails Advisory Committee.”

Subsec. (h)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(a)(2), substituted “The Secretary shall apportion the sums” for “After making the deduction authorized by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Secretary shall apportion the remainder of the sums” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(a)(2)(C), substituted “made available” for “deducted”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §1103(e), substituted “submit to Congress a report, and also make such report available to the public in a user-friendly format via the Internet,” for “submit to Congress a report” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §1108, reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (k) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108–178 substituted “section 14501 of title 40” for “section 201 of the Appalachian Regional Development Act of 1965 (40 U.S.C. App.)” in introductory provisions.

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 106–159, §101(b)(1)–(3), substituted “exceed—” for “exceed 1½ percent of all sums so made available, as the Secretary determines necessary—” in introductory provisions, added introductory provisions of subpar. (A), redesignated former subpars. (A) and (B) as cls. (i) and (ii), respectively, of subpar. (A), substituted “; and” for the period at end of cl. (ii), and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 106–159, §101(b)(4), which directed amendment of subsec. (a)(1) by adding par. (4) at the end, was executed by adding par. (4) at the end of subsec. (a), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “Whenever an apportionment is made of the sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System, the Secretary shall deduct a sum, in such amount not to exceed 3¾ per centum of all sums so authorized as the Secretary may deem necessary for administering the provisions of law to be financed from appropriations for the Federal-aid systems and for carrying on the research authorized by subsections (a) and (b) of section 307 of this title. In making such determination, the Secretary shall take into account the unexpended balance of any sums deducted for such purposes in prior years. The sum so deducted shall be available for expenditure from the unexpended balance of any appropriation made at any time for expenditure upon the Federal-aid systems, until such sum has been expended.”

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*o*)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), struck out “under section 103” after “National Highway System program” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(b), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to Secretary's apportionment among various States of sums authorized to be appropriated for surface transportation program, congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, National Highway System, and Interstate System each fiscal year.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*o*)(2)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted “1998 through 2002” for “1999 through 2003”.

Subsec. (b)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*o*)(2)(B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted “on Interstate System routes open to traffic in each State” for “on lanes on Interstate System routes designated under—

“(I) section 103;

“(II) section 139(a) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) before March 9, 1984 (other than routes on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement under section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978 (92 Stat. 2692)); and

“(III) section 139(c) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century);

in each State”.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(1), substituted “Before making an apportionment under subsection (b)(3) of this section for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall set aside $500,000 for such” for “The Secretary shall expend, from administrative funds deducted under subsection (a), $300,000 for each”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(2), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

“(2)

“(B) A corridor selected by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) must include rail lines where railroad speeds of 90 miles per hour are occurring or can reasonably be expected to occur in the future.”

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(c)(2), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “In making the determination required by paragraph (2)(A), the Secretary shall consider projected rail ridership volumes in such corridors, the percentage of the corridor over which a train will be capable of operating at its maximum cruise speed taking into account such factors as topography and other traffic on the line, projected benefits to nonriders such as congestion relief on other modes of transportation serving the corridors (including congestion in heavily traveled air passenger corridors), the amount of State and local financial support that can reasonably be anticipated for the improvement of the line and related facilities, and the cooperation of the owner of the right-of-way that can reasonably be expected in the operation of high speed rail passenger service in such corridors.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(d), inserted heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, struck out “(other than under subsection (b)(5) of this section)” after “apportioned hereunder” and “and research” before “pursuant to subsection (a) of this section” in first sentence, struck out second sentence which read “On October 1 of the year preceding the fiscal year for which authorized, the Secretary shall certify to each of the State highway departments the sums which he has apportioned under subsection (b)(5) of this section to each State for such fiscal year, and also the sums which he has deducted for administration and research pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.”, realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*o*)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(c)(3), substituted “104, 105, or 144” for “104, 144, or 157”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(2), which directed the amendment of par. (1) by striking out “ ‘, except that’ and all that follows through ‘programs’ ”, was executed by striking out “, except that the amount from which such set aside is made shall not include funds authorized to be appropriated for the recreational trails program” after “section 134 of this title” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(1), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(1), substituted “recreational trails program” for “Interstate construction and Interstate substitute programs”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(3), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(e)(2), (k)(4), (6), inserted heading, substituted “section 120(b)” for “section 120(j) of this title”, and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(5), (6), inserted heading and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(k)(6), realigned margins.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In addition to funds made available from the National Recreational Trails Trust Fund, the Secretary shall obligate, from administrative funds (contract authority) deducted under subsection (a), to carry out section 1302 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (16 U.S.C. 1261) $15,000,000 for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 and $7,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998.”

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(g), added subsec. (i) and struck out former subsec. (i) which read as follows:

“(i)

“(1)

“(2)

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(h), added subsec. (j) and struck out former subsec. (j) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall submit to Congress not later than the 20th day of each calendar month which begins after the date of enactment of this subsection a report on (1) the amount of obligation, by State, for Federal-aid highways and the highway safety construction programs during the preceding calendar month, (2) the cumulative amount of obligation, by State, for that fiscal year, (3) the balance as of the last day of such preceding month of the unobligated apportionment of each State by fiscal year, and (4) the balance of unobligated sums available for expenditure at the discretion of the Secretary for such highways and programs for that fiscal year.”

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(i), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(j), added subsec. (*l*).

**1997**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–130, §5(b), added Pub. L. 102–240, §1003(e). See 1991 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 105–130, §4(a)(3), inserted “, and for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998,” after “fiscal years 1996 and 1997”.

**1995**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–59, §319(a)(2), in second sentence of introductory provisions substituted “was a nonattainment area (as defined in section 171(2) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7501(2))) for ozone during any part of fiscal year 1994” for “is a nonattainment area (as defined in the Clean Air Act) for ozone” and in first sentence of closing provisions substituted “If the area was also” for “If the area is also”, and inserted “during any part of fiscal year 1994” after “area for carbon monoxide”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–59, §302, substituted “exceed 50 percent” for “exceed 40 percent” in third sentence.

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 104–59, §§337(f), 410, added subsecs. (h) and (i) and redesignated former subsec. (h) as (j).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(2)(A), substituted “on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System” for “upon the Federal-aid systems” and was executed by making the substitution for the first reference to “upon the Federal-aid systems”.

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(2), in introductory provisions, substituted “paragraph (5)(A)” for “paragraphs (4) and (5)”, “and section 307” for “and sections 118(c) and 307(d)”, and “on the surface transportation program, the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program, the National Highway System, and the Interstate System” for “upon the Federal-aid systems”.

Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(e), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “For the Federal-aid primary system (including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes)—

“Two-thirds according to the following formula: one-third in the ratio which the area of each State bears to the total area of all the States, one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States as shown by the latest available Federal census, and one-third in the ratio which the mileage of rural delivery routes and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles in each State bear to the total mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles, as shown by a certificate of the Postmaster General, which he is directed to make and furnish annually to the Secretary; and one-third as follows: in the ratio which the population in urban areas in each State bears to the total population in urban areas in all the States as shown by the latest Federal census. No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment.”

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1008(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “For the Federal-aid secondary system:

“One-third in the ratio which the area of each State bears to the total area of all the States; one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States as shown by the latest available Federal census; and one-third in the ratio which the mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles, certified as above provided, in each State bears to the total mileage of rural delivery and intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles in all the States. No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment.”

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1007(b)(1), which directed that par. (3) “is amended to read as follows”, was executed by adding par. (3) to reflect the probable intent of Congress, because prior par. (3) had been repealed. See 1976 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 102–240, §1001(c)–(e), substituted “1960 through 1996” for “1960 through 1990” wherever appearing, and “As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 for fiscal year 1992, and on October 1 of each of fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 1995, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph for all States (other than Massachusetts) using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds, and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds” for “On October 1 of each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, whenever Congress has not approved a cost estimate under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds”, and inserted before last sentence: “Notwithstanding any other provision of this subparagraph or any cost estimate approved or adjusted pursuant to this subparagraph, subject to the deductions under this section, the amounts to be apportioned to the State of Massachusetts pursuant to this subparagraph for fiscal years 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996 shall be as follows: $450,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, $800,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, $800,000,000 for fiscal year 1995, and $500,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.”

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(d), inserted “and routes on the Interstate System designated under section 139(a) of this title before March 9, 1984,” in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1006(f), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

“(1) Subject to subsection (d), the amount apportioned in any fiscal year, commencing with the apportionment of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection (a) of section 102 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (70 Stat. 374), to each State in accordance with paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b) of this section may be transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph if such a transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Governor of such State and the Secretary as being in the public interest.

“(2) Subject to subsection (d), the amount apportioned in any fiscal year to each State in accordance with paragraph (1) or (6) of subsection (b) of this section may be transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph if such transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Governor of such State and the Secretary as being in the public interest. Funds apportioned in accordance with paragraph (6) of subsection (b) of this section shall not be transferred from their allocation to any urbanized area of two hundred thousand population or more under section 150 of this title, without the approval of the local officials of such urbanized area.”

Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c), repealed Pub. L. 101–516, §333. See 1990 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1010, amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “Each transfer of apportionments under subsection (c) of this section shall be subject to the following conditions:

“(1) In the case of transfers under paragraph (1), the total of all transfers during any fiscal year to any apportionment shall not increase the original amount of such apportionment for such fiscal year by more than 50 per centum. Not more than 50 per centum of the original amount of an apportionment for any fiscal year shall be transferred to other apportionments.

“(2) In the case of transfers under paragraph (2), the total of all transfers during any fiscal year to any apportionment shall not increase the original amount of such apportionment for such fiscal year by more than 50 per centum. Not more than 50 per centum of the original amount of an apportionment for any fiscal year shall be transferred to other apportionments.

“(3) No transfer shall be made from an apportionment during any fiscal year if during such fiscal year a transfer has been made to such apportionment.

“(4) No transfer shall be made to an apportionment during any fiscal year if during such fiscal year a transfer has been made from such apportionment.”

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(1)–(3), substituted “1 percent” for “one-half per centum”, “programs authorized under this title” for “the Federal-aid systems”, and “except that the amount from which such set aside is made shall not include funds authorized to be appropriated for the Interstate construction and Interstate substitute programs” for “except that in the case of funds authorized for apportionment on the Interstate System, the Secretary shall set aside that portion of such funds (subject to the overall limitation of one-half of 1 per centum) on October 1 of the year next preceding the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized for such System”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(4), (c)(2), substituted “120(j)” for “120” and struck out “designated by the State as being” after “organizations”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(5), inserted provisions relating to attainment of air quality standards and provisions relating to other factors necessary to provide appropriate distribution of funds to carry out section 134 and other requirements of Federal law.

Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 102–240, §1024(b)(6), added par. (5).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(g), inserted before last sentence “A State may transfer not to exceed 40 percent of the State's apportionment under section 144 in any fiscal year to the apportionment of such State under subsection (b)(1) or subsection (b)(3) of this section. Any transfer to subsection (b)(3) shall not be subject to section 133(d).”

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–240, §1003(e), as added by Pub. L. 105–130, §5(b), inserted before period at end “and $7,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998”.

**1990**—Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which added pars. (2) and (3) to read as follows:

“(2) The Secretary shall withhold 10 per centum (including any amounts withheld under paragraph (1)) of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under each of paragraphs (1), (2), (5), and (6) of section 104(b) on the first day of each fiscal year which begins after the fourth full calendar year following the date of enactment of this section if the State does not meet the requirements of paragraph (3) on the first day of such fiscal year.

“(3) A State meets the requirements of this paragraph if—

“(A) the State has enacted and is enforcing a law that requires in all circumstances, or requires in the absence of compelling circumstances warranting an exception—

“(i) the revocation, or suspension for at least 6 months, of the driver's license of any individual who is convicted, after the enactment of such law, of—

“(I) any violation of the Controlled Substances Act, or

“(II) any drug offense, and

“(ii) a delay in the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license to such an individual for at least 6 months after the individual applies for the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license if the individual does not have a driver's license, or the driver's license of the individual is suspended, at the time the individual is so convicted, or

“(B) The Governor of the State—

“(i) submits to the Secretary no earlier than the adjournment sine die of the first regularly scheduled session of the State's legislature which begins after the date of enactment of this section a written certification stating that he is opposed to the enactment or enforcement in his State of a law described in subparagraph (A) relating to the revocation, suspension, issuance, or reinstatement of driver's licenses to convicted drug offenders; and

“(ii) submits to the Secretary a written certification that the legislature (including both Houses where applicable) has adopted a resolution expressing its opposition to a law described in clause (i).”

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(a)(2), (3) of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which amended subsec. (b) generally to read as follows:

“(1)(A) Any funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment to any State on or before September 30, 1995, shall remain available for apportionment to such State as follows:

“(i) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

“(ii) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

“(iii) If such funds would have been apportioned under paragraph (1), (2), or (6) of section 104(b) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

“(B) No funds withheld under this section from apportionment to any State after September 30, 1995, shall be available for apportionment to such State.

“(2) If, before the last day of the period for which funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment are to remain available for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State meets the requirements of subsection (a)(3), the Secretary shall, on the first day on which the State meets the requirements of subsection (a)(3), apportion to the State the funds withheld under subsection (a) that remain available for apportionment to the State.

“(3) Any funds apportioned pursuant to paragraph (2) shall remain available for expenditure as follows:

“(A) Funds originally apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are apportioned under paragraph (2).

“(B) Funds originally apportioned under paragraph (1), (2), (5)(B), or (6) of section 104(b) shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are so apportioned.

Sums not obligated at the end of such period shall lapse or, in the case of funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5), shall lapse and be made available by the Secretary for projects in accordance with section 118(b).

“(4) If, at the end of the period for which funds withheld under subsection (a) from apportionment are available for apportionment to a State under paragraph (1), the State does not meet the requirements of subsection (a)(3), such funds shall lapse or, in the case of funds withheld from apportionment under section 104(b)(5), such funds shall lapse and be made available by the Secretary for projects in accordance with section 118(b).”

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(b) of this title.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–516, §333 [part], which amended subsec. (c) generally to read as follows: “For purposes of this section—

“(1) The term ‘driver's license’ means a license issued by a State to any individual that authorizes the individual to operate a motor vehicle on highways.

“(2) The term ‘drug offense’ means any criminal offense which proscribes—

“(A) the possession, distribution, manufacture, cultivation, sale, transfer, or the attempt or conspiracy to possess, distribute, manufacture, cultivate, sell, or transfer any substance the possession of which is prohibited under the Controlled Substances Act, or

“(B) the operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of such a substance.

“(3) The term ‘convicted’ includes adjudicated under juvenile proceedings.”

was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, §333(c). See Construction of 1990 Amendment note below and section 159(c) of this title.

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(1), inserted “and the set asides authorized by subsection (f) of this section and sections 118(c) and 307(d) of this title” after “subsection (a) of this section” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(1), inserted after “September 30, 1990.” the following: “The Secretary shall make a revised estimate of the cost of completing the then designated Interstate System after taking into account all previous apportionments made under this section in the same manner as stated above, and transmit the same to the Senate and the House of Representatives within 10 days subsequent to January 2, 1989. Upon the approval by Congress, the Secretary shall use the Federal share of such approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal years 1991 and 1992. The Secretary shall make a revised estimate of the cost of completing the then designated Interstate System after taking into account all previous apportionments made under this section in the same manner as stated above, and transmit the same to the Senate and the House of Representatives within 10 days subsequent to January 2, 1991. Upon the approval by Congress, the Secretary shall use the Federal share of such approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year 1993.”

Pub. L. 100–17, §102(b)(2), inserted at end “On October 1 of each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, whenever Congress has not approved a cost estimate under this subparagraph, the Secretary shall make the apportionment required by this subparagraph using the Federal share of the last estimate submitted to Congress, adjusted to reflect (i) all previous credits, apportionments of interstate construction funds and lapses of previous apportionments of interstate construction funds, (ii) previous withdrawals of interstate segments, (iii) previous allocations of interstate discretionary funds, and (iv) transfers of interstate construction funds. If, before apportionment of funds under this subparagraph for any fiscal year, the Secretary and a State highway department agree that a portion of the apportionment to such State is not needed for such fiscal year, the amount of such portion shall be made available under section 118(b)(2) of this title.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted “sections 130, 144, and 152 of this title” for “sections 144, 152, and 153 of this title, or section 203(d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973,” and struck out “All or any part of the funds apportioned in any fiscal year to a State in accordance with section 203(d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973 from funds authorized in section 203(c) of such Act, may be transferred from that apportionment to the apportionment made under section 219 of this title if such transfer is requested by the State highway department and is approved by the Secretary after he has received satisfactory assurances from such department that the purposes of such section 203 have been met.”

**1981**—Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 97–134, §4(c), inserted provision that the Secretary shall include only those costs eligible for funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal Highway Act of 1956 in making the revised estimate of completing Interstate System for the purpose of transmitting it to the Congress within ten days subsequent to Jan. 2, 1983 or thereafter.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 97–134, §5, inserted reference to reconstruction in opening par., substituted “55 per centum in the ratio that lane miles on the Interstate routes designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title (other than those on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978) in each State bears to the total of all such lane miles in all States; and 45 per centum in the ratio that vehicle miles traveled on lanes on the Interstate routes designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title” for “Seventy-five per centum in the ratio that lane miles in use for more than five years on the Interstate System (other than those on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978) in each State bears to the total of all such lane miles in all States; and 25 per centum in the ratio that vehicle miles traveled on lanes in use for more than five years on the Interstate System” and inserted provision that no State excluding any State that has no interstate lane miles shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of the total apportionment made by this subparagraph for any fiscal year.

**1978**—Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 95–599, §108, inserted provision relating to deadline for inclusion of estimate.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 95–599, §116(b), substituted provisions limiting apportionment of funds ratio to seventy-five percent of lane miles ratio and twenty-five of miles traveled ratio for provision establishing a straight ratio for such apportionment.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599, §109, substituted “50” for “40” and “20” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–599, §110, added subsec. (h).

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(a), substituted “On October 1 of each fiscal year” for “On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year,”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(b), inserted in introductory text “(including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes)”, made existing provisions applicable for a two-third apportionment of monies, striking out “in all the States at the close of the next preceding calendar year” before “as shown by a certificate of the Postmaster General” and inserted provision for a one-third apportionment in the ratio which the population in urban areas in each State bears to the total population in urban areas in all the States as shown by the latest Federal census.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(c), repealed provisions respecting apportionment of monies for extensions of the Federal-aid primary and Federal-aid secondary systems within urban areas in the ratio which the population in municipalities and other urban places of five thousand or more in each State bears to the total population in municipalities and other urban places of five thousand or more in all of the States as shown by the latest available Federal census.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 94–280, §§106(b), 107(b), 112(g), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and inserted introductory phrase “Except as provided in subparagraph B—”; substituted wherever appearing in introductory phrase and second and third sentences “1990” for “1979”; substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, for prior provision for fiscal year ending June 30, 1977, substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, in accordance with section 103 of Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976, for prior provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1978, substituted provision for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, for prior provision for fiscal year ending June 30, 1979, provided for apportionment for fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and inserted provisions for revised estimates of completion costs and transmittal thereof to Congress within ten days subsequent to January 2, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1985, and 1987 for apportionments for fiscal years ending September 30, 1981 and 1982, 1983 and 1984, 1985 and 1986, 1987 and 1988, and 1989 and 1990; and substituted in third sentence “October 1 of the year preceding the fiscal year for which authorized” for “a date as far in advance of the beginning of the fiscal year for which authorized as practicable but in no case more than eighteen months prior to the beginning of the fiscal year for which authorized”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 94–280, §106(b), added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–280, §113(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “Subject to subsection (d), the amount” for “Not more than 40 per centum of the amount” and “transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under the other paragraph” for “transferred from the apportionment under one paragraph to the apportionment under any other of such paragraphs” and struck out former last sentence reading “The total of such transfers shall not increase the original apportionment under any of such paragraphs by more than 40 per centum.”, and incorporated former subsec. (d) provisions in a new par. (2), substituting “Subject to subsection (d), the amount” for “Not more than 40 per centum of the amount” and paragraph “(1)” for “(3)” and striking out former last sentence reading “The total of such transfers shall not increase the original apportionment under either of such paragraphs by more than 40 per centum.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–280, §113(a), inserted provisions respecting conditions for transfer of apportionments under subsec. (c) of this section and struck out prior subsec. (d) provisions respecting transfer of certain apportionments, now incorporated in subsec. (c)(2) of this section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(d), in first sentence, substituted “On October 1” for “On or before January 1 preceding the commencement” and inserted “(other than under subsection (b)(5) of this section)” after “hereunder” and inserted certification provision respecting sums apportioned under subsec. (b)(5) of this section to each State highway department and amount of deductions for administration and research; and inserted provisions advising the States not less than ninety days before the beginning of the fiscal year of amounts to be apportioned to the States and in the case of the Interstate System ninety days prior to the apportionment of funds.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(e), substituted “On October 1” for “On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement” and inserted exception provision.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §112(f), authorized State use of apportioned funds to finance transportation planning outside of urbanized areas.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 94–280, §206, increased percentage limitation to “40 per centum” from “30 per centum”; authorized approval by Secretary of transfer of apportionments when requested by the State highway department and approved by the Secretary as being in the public interest; and provided for transfer of apportionments under section 203(c) and (d) of the Highway Safety Act of 1973, to apportionments under section 219 of this title, and clarified the authority for apportionment of Highway Trust Fund funds.

**1973**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(1), (2), substituted “intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles” for “star routes” in two places, “one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States” for “one-third in the ratio which the population of each State bears to the total population of all the States”, and “No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive” for “No State shall receive”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(1), (3), substituted “intercity mail routes where service is performed by motor vehicles” for “star routes” in two places, “one-third in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all of the States” for “one-third in the ratio which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural population of all the States”, and “No State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive” for “No State shall receive”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 93–87, §106(b), extended from 1976 to 1979, the date for completion of the Interstate System; and authorized the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimate in making apportionments for fiscal years ending June 30, 1976, 1977, 1978, and 1979, reenacted requirement that Secretary make a revised estimate of cost of completing the then designated Interstate System, substituting Jan. 2, 1975, for Jan. 2, 1974, as the commencing date for the ten day period for transmittal of the revised cost estimate, and reenacted provisions of last sentence without change, respectively.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(4), substituted “urban areas” for “urbanized areas” in two places and mandated that no State shall receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(5), (7), substituted “40” for “20” per centum in two places and struck out reference to par. (3) of subsec. (b) of this section and provision of last sentence that nothing contained in subsec. (c) shall alter or impair the authority contained in subsec. (d) of this section.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87, §111(a)(6), substituted provisions respecting transfer of apportionment of funds under pars. (3) and (6) of subsec. (b) of this section from one paragraph to the other when requested by the State highway department and approved as in the public interest by the Governor of the State and the Secretary for former provisions which authorized expenditure of subsec. (b)(2) funds apportioned for Federal-aid secondary system to a State for projects on another Federal-aid system when the State highway department and the Secretary were in joint agreement as to such other expenditure.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–87, §112, incorporated provisions of former subsec. (f) that “Not to exceed 50 per centum of the amounts apportioned in accordance with paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of this section may be expended for projects on the Federal-aid urban system” in provisions designated as par. (1) and stating that “On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year, the Secretary, after making the deduction authorized by subsection (a) of this section, shall set aside not to exceed one-half per centum of the remaining funds authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon the Federal-aid systems, for the purpose of carrying out the requirements of section 134 of this title.” and added pars. (2)–(4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §227, added subsec. (g).

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 91–605, §104(b), extended from 1974 to 1976 the date for completion of the Interstate System, substituted “on April 20, 1970” for “within ten days subsequent to January 2, 1970” as the date for submission by the Secretary to Congress of a revised completion cost estimate of the Interstate System, struck out reference of finality as applied to this estimate, deleted June 30, 1974 from the enumerated list of fiscal years for which the Secretary shall use the Federal share of the approved 1970 estimate in making apportionments, inserted provision directing the Secretary to submit to Congress a revised Interstate System completion cost estimate within 10 days from Jan. 2, 1972 with apportionments to be made by the Secretary for use in the fiscal years 1974 and 1975 from the Federal share of the approved estimate, and inserted provision directing the Secretary to submit to Congress another cost estimate within 10 days from Jan. 2, 1974 to be used for making apportionments for the fiscal year 1976.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(c)(2), added par. (6).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(c)(1), added subsec. (f).

**1968**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 90–495 extended from 1972 to 1974 the date for completion of the Interstate System, added the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, to the enumeration of fiscal years for which the Secretary may use the Federal share of approval estimates in making apportionments, substituted January 2, 1970, for January 2, 1969, as the date for commencement of the 10–day period during which the Secretary shall transmit to Congress his final revised estimate of the cost of completing the Interstate system, and added the fiscal years ending June 30, 1973, and June 30, 1974, to the enumerated list of fiscal years for which the Secretary shall use the Federal share of the approved estimate in making apportionments.

**1966**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted “1972” for “1971” wherever appearing except in provision requiring the Secretary, with the approval of Congress, to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, and, in such provision, retained the authority of the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, but extended the authority of the Secretary to use the Federal share of the approved estimates in making apportionments for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, as well.

**1964**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted “January 2, 1961” for “January 2, 1962”.

**1963**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 88–157, §2, struck out provision which considered Connecticut and Vermont towns as municipalities for the purposes of par. (3) regardless of their incorporated status.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub L. 88–157, §3, substituted “1971” for “1969” in introductory text and 3d sentence; inserted “For the fiscal years 1960 through 1966,” and substituted “such State” for “each State” in 1st sentence; inserted 2d sentence respecting apportionment for fiscal years 1967 through 1971; substituted in 9th sentence “January 2, 1965” for “January 2, 1966, and annually thereafter through and including January 2, 1968”; substituted in 10th sentence “Upon the approval of such estimate by the Congress” for “Upon approval of any such estimate by the Congress by concurrent resolution” and “fiscal years ending June 30, 1967; June 30, 1968; and June 30, 1969” for “fiscal year which begins next following the fiscal year in which such report is transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives” and inserted “the Federal share of” before “such approved estimate”; and inserted 11th through 14th sentences, respecting revised cost estimate for completion of the Interstate System and its submission to Congress within 10 days after Jan. 2, 1968, apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, final revised cost estimate for completion of the Interstate System and its submission to Congress within 10 days after Jan. 2, 1969, and apportionment for fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, respectively.

**1962**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 87–866 substituted “preceding calendar year” for “preceding fiscal year”.

**1960**—Subsec. (b)(5). Pub L. 86–657 struck out provisions which required, in making the estimates of cost for completing the Interstate System, exclusion of the cost of completing any mileage designated from the one thousand additional miles authorized by section 108(1) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

**1959**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–70 struck out “, except that only one-third of the area of Alaska shall be included” after “total area of all States” in pars. (1) and (2).

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(i), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574, provided that the amendment made by section 101(i) is effective Oct. 1, 2007.

Amendment by Pub. L. 108–178 effective Aug. 21, 2002, see section 5 of Pub. L. 108–178, set out as a note under section 5334 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendment by Pub. L. 106–159 effective Jan. 1, 2000, see section 107(a) of Pub. L. 106–159, set out as a note under section 104 of Title 49, Transportation.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 1100 of title I of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

Section 113(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect on July 1, 1976, and shall be applicable with respect to funds authorized for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and for subsequent fiscal years. With respect to the fiscal year 1976 and earlier fiscal years, the provisions of subsections (c) and (d) of section 104 of title 23, United States Code, as in effect on June 30, 1976, shall remain applicable to funds authorized for such years.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 10(b) of Pub. L. 87–866 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall be applicable only with respect to apportionments made after the date of enactment of this Act [Oct. 23, 1962].”

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 21(e) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 333(d) of Pub. L. 102–143 provided that: “The amendments made by section 333 of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991 (104 Stat. 2184–2186) [Pub. L. 101–516, amending this section and enacting provisions formerly set out as a note below] shall be treated as having not been enacted into law.”

Pub. L. 109–289, div. B, title II, §21010, as added by Pub. L. 110–5, §2, Feb. 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 48, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 101 [42 U.S.C. 12651i note, 121 Stat. 8], the level for ‘Federal Highway Administration, Federal-Aid Highways (Limitation on Obligations) (Highway Trust Fund)’ shall be $39,086,464,683.”

[For definition of “level” as used in section 21010 of Pub. L. 109–289, set out above, see section 101(b) of Pub. L. 109–289, set out as a note under section 12651i of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.]

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(m), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1936, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1510, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b) of title 23, United States Code, may be obligated to carry out a project designated in any of sections 1301, 1302, 1306, and 1934 of this Act [see Tables for classification] and sections 117 and 144(g) [now 144(f)] of title 23, United States Code, in an amount not to exceed the amount authorized for that project, only from a program under which the project would be eligible, except that any amounts obligated to carry out the project shall be restored from funds allocated for the project.”

Pub. L. 108–310, §2, Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1144, as amended by Pub. L. 109–14, §2(a)–(b)(2), (d), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324; Pub. L. 109–20, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 109–35, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 109–37, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 109–40, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 109–42, §2(b), July 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 435, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) *l*) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (112 Stat. 111; 118 Stat. 876 [118 Stat. 1145]), as amended by this Act, the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–14],,[sic] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II [Pub. L. 109–20][,] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III [Pub. L. 109–35], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV [Pub. L. 109–37], and the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V [Pub. L. 109–40], to each State in the ratio that—

“(A) the State's total fiscal year 2004 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

“(B) all States’ total fiscal year 2004 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

“(B) the ratio that—

“(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item to the State for fiscal year 2004; bears to

“(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items to the State for fiscal year 2004.

“(3) *l*) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178, 118 Stat. 1145] shall be administered as if the funds had been apportioned, allocated, deducted, or set aside, as the case may be, under title 23, United States Code; except that the deductions and set-asides in the following sections of such title shall not apply to such funds: sections 104(a)(1)(A), 104(a)(1)(B), 104(b)(1)(A), 104(d)(1), 104(d)(2), 104(f)(1), 104(h)(1), 118(c)(1), 140(b), 140(c), and 144(g)(1) [now 144(f)(1)].

“(4)

“(5)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) the funding authorized for such program, project, or activity in this Act [see Short Title of 2004 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005 [Pub. L. 109–14],,[sic] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II [Pub. L. 109–20][,] the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III [Pub. L. 109–35], the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV [Pub. L. 109–37], and the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V [Pub. L. 109–40] (including any amendments made by this Act and such Act[s]); or

“(B) 83 percent of the funding provided for or limitation set on such program, project, or activity in title I of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 [Pub. L. 108–447, see Tables for classification].

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

Pub. L. 108–88, §2, Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1110, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §2(a), (b)(1), (2), (d), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 108–224, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 108–263, §2(a), (b)(1), (d), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 108–280, §§2(a), (b)(1), (d), 3, July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876, 877; Pub. L. 108–310, §12(a), (c), (e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1161, 1162, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) the State's total fiscal year 2003 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

“(2) all States’ total fiscal year 2003 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

“(B) the ratio that—

“(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item to the State for fiscal year 2003; bears to

“(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items to the State for fiscal year 2003.

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

“[(c) Repealed. Pub. L. 108–310, §12(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1162.]

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the obligation limitation for Federal-aid Highways referred to in section 110(a)(3)(A) of such Act shall be deemed to be the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for fiscal year 2004 identified under the heading ‘

“(B) the total of sums authorized to be appropriated for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for sections set forth in paragraphs (1) through (7) of section 110(b) of such Act and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 105 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection 110(b)(8) of such Act) for such fiscal year, referred to in section 110(a)(3)(B) of such Act, shall be deemed to be $34,606,000,000, less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under section 110(a)(1) of such Act.”

Section 2 of Pub. L. 105–130 provided that:

“(a)

“(1) the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; bears to

“(2) all States’ total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the amount apportioned to the State under subsection (a); by

“(B) the ratio that—

“(i) the amount of funds apportioned for the item, or allocated under sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 2027), to the State for fiscal year 1997; bears to

“(ii) the total of the amount of funds apportioned for the items, and allocated under those sections, to the State for fiscal year 1997.

“(3)

“(4)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) equal to the greater of—

“(i) the State's unobligated balance, as of October 1, 1997, of Federal-aid highway apportionments subject to any limitation on obligations; or

“(ii) 50 percent of the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program; but

“(B) not greater than 75 percent of the State's total fiscal year 1997 obligation authority for funds apportioned for the Federal-aid highway program.

“(2)

“(3)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(D)

“(4)

Section 319(c) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, the amendments made by subsection (a) [amending this section and section 149 of this title] shall not affect any apportionment adjustments under section 1015 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1943) [Pub. L. 102–240, set out below].”

Section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “Congress declares that the authorizations of appropriations and apportionments for construction of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] made by this section (including the amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 101 of this title]) are the final authorizations of appropriations and apportionments for completion of construction of such System.”

Section 1015 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)


“(b) 90

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(d)

“(1) Subsection (d)(1).

“(2) Subsection (d)(2).

“(3) Subsection (d)(3).

“(e)

Section 1098 of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(g), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592, directed General Accounting Office in conjunction with Bureau of Transportation Statistics to conduct thorough study and recommend to Congress within 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, a fair and equitable apportionment formula for allocation of Federal-aid highway funds that best directs highway funds to places of greatest need for highway maintenance and enhancement based on extent of these highway systems, their present use, and increases in their use, with results of study to be presented to Congress on or before Jan. 1, 1994, and to be considered by Congress in the 1996 reauthorization of surface transportation program.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1101–1102, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2027, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study of effects of climatic conditions on costs of highway construction and maintenance and to transmit to Congress, not later than Sept. 30, 1993, a report on the results of the study, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, §1501(d), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.

Section 333 [part] of Pub. L. 101–516, which for each fiscal year directed Secretary of Transportation to withhold five per centum of the amount required to be apportioned to any State under each of paragraphs (1), (2), (5), and (6) of section 104(b) of this title on the first day of each fiscal year which begins after the second full calendar year following Nov. 5, 1990, if State does not meet the requirements of paragraph (3) on such date, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(c), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 947.

Section 341 of Pub. L. 101–516, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088, provided that:

“(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for the period January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1992, the Secretary of Transportation shall reduce the aggregate amount which a State may obligate for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs by 25 percent if such State has a public authority which provides mass transportation for an urbanized area of such State with a population of 3,000,000 or more as determined under the 1980 decennial census of the United States, and if by October 1, 1991—

“(1) laws of such State do not authorize a general tax-based source of revenues to take effect on or before January 1, 1992, dedicated to paying the non-Federal share of projects for mass transportation eligible for assistance under the Federal Transit Act [now 49 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.]; or

“(2) the laws of such State do not authorize the establishment of regional or local tax-based sources of revenues dedicated to pay such non-Federal share or for paying operating expenses of mass transit service so as to satisfy financial capacity standards as may be required by the Secretary of Transportation.

“(b) For purposes of this section, the terms ‘mass transportation’, ‘State’, and ‘urbanized areas’ have the meaning such terms have under section 12 of the Federal Transit Act [now 49 U.S.C. 5302].

“(c) Any withholding defined under this section shall be waived if the Governor of the State—

“(1) submits to the Secretary by October 1, 1991, a written certification stating that he is opposed to the enactment in his State of a law described in subsections (a)(1) and (2) and that funding as described in subsections (a)(1) and (2) would not improve public transportation safety; and

“(2) submits to the Secretary a written certification that the legislature (including both Houses where applicable) has adopted a resolution by a simple majority expressing its opposition to a law described in subsections (a)(1) and (2).

“(d) This section shall remain in effect until December 31, 1992.”

Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, §404(b), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall restore any reductions in obligation authority made under section 329 [of Pub. L. 101–516, formerly set out below] prior to its repeal.”

Similar provisions were contained in Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §329, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2183, which was repealed by Pub. L. 102–27, title IV, §404(a), Apr. 10, 1991, 105 Stat. 155.

Section 136 of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “In implementing any order issued by the President which provides for or requires a percentage reduction in new budget authority, unobligated balances, obligated balances, new loan guarantee commitments, new direct loan obligations, spending authority, or obligation limitations for the Federal-aid highway, mass transit and highway safety programs and with respect to which the budget account activity as identified in the program and financing schedule contained in the Appendix to the Budget of the United States Government for such programs includes more than one specific highway, mass transit, or highway safety program or project for which budget authority is provided by this Act or an amendment made by this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title], the Secretary shall apply the percentage reduction equally to each such specific program or project.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §108(a)–(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2103, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§107, 133(a)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 146, 170, provided that:

“(a) Notwithstanding section 104(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, and any other provision of law, amounts authorized for fiscal years 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 for the Federal-aid primary system (including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes) shall be apportioned in accordance with this section. The Secretary of Transportation shall determine for each State the higher of (1) the amount which would be apportioned to such State under section 104(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, and (2) the amount which would be apportioned to such State under the following formula:

“One-half in the ratio which the population of rural areas of each State bears to the total population of rural areas of all the States as shown by the latest available Federal census and one-half in the ratio which the population in urban areas in each State bears to the total population in urban areas in all the States as shown by the latest Federal census.

“(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall, for each of the fiscal years 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, determine the total of the amounts determined for each State under subsection (a) and shall determine the ratio which the total amount authorized for such fiscal year for the Federal-aid primary system bears to the total of such amounts determined under subsection (a) for such fiscal year.

“(c) The amount which shall be apportioned to each State for the Federal-aid primary system (including extensions in urban areas and priority primary routes) for each of the fiscal years 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 shall be the amount determined for such State under subsection (a), multiplied by the ratio determined under subsection (b).

“(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no State shall receive an apportionment under this section for any fiscal year which is less than the lower of (1) the amount which the State would be apportioned for such fiscal year under section 104(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, and (2) the amount which would be determined under the formula set forth in subsection (a). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no State shall receive for any such fiscal year less than one-half of 1 per centum of the total apportionment under this section for such fiscal year. For purposes of this paragraph and subsection (b) of section 103 of title 23, United States Code, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be considered together as one State. The State consisting of the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Mariana Islands shall not receive less than one-half of 1 per centum of each year's apportionment. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary out of the Highway Trust Fund to carry out this subsection. Funds authorized by this subsection shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.

“(e) Amounts apportioned under this section shall be deemed to be amounts apportioned under section 104(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, for purposes of such title and all other provisions of law. Terms used in this section shall have the same meaning such terms have in chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §145, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2130, provided that:

“(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Federal share of any qualifying project approved by the Secretary of Transportation under section 106(a) [section 106(a) of this title], and of any qualifying project for which the United States becomes obligated to pay under section 117, of title 23, United States Code, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] and ending September 30, 1984, shall be such percentage of the construction cost as the State highway department requests, up to and including 100 per centum.

“(b) For purposes of this section, the term ‘qualifying project’ means a project approved by the Secretary of Transportation under section 106(a) of title 23, United States Code, or a project for which the United States becomes obligated to pay under section 117 of title 23, United States Code, for which the Governor of the State submitting the project has certified, in accordance with regulations established by the Secretary of Transportation, that sufficient funds are not available to pay the cost of the non-Federal share of the project.

“(c) The total amount which may be obligated for qualifying projects in any State under subsection (a) shall not be greater than the excess of—

“(1) the sum of the amount of obligation authority distributed to such State for fiscal year 1983 under section 104(b) of this Act [set out above], plus the amount, if any, available to such State under section 150 of this Act [enacting section 157 of this title], pertaining to minimum allocation, over

“(2) the amount of obligation authority distributed to such State for fiscal year 1982 under section 3(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 [set out below].

“(d) The total amount of such increases in the Federal share as are made pursuant to subsection (a) for any State shall be repaid to the United States by such State on or before September 30, 1984. Such payments shall be deposited in the Highway Trust Fund and such repaid amounts shall be credited to the appropriate apportionment accounts of such State.

“(e) If a State has not made the repayment as required by subsection (d) of this section, the Secretary shall deduct from funds apportioned to such State under section 104(b) of title 23, United States Code, except for paragraph (5)(A), in each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1985, and September 30, 1986, a pro rata share of each category of such apportioned funds, the total amount of which shall be equal to 50 per centum of the amount needed for repayment. Any amount deducted under this subsection shall be reapportioned for the fiscal years 1985 and 1986 in accordance with section 104(b)(1) of title 23, United States Code, to those States which have not received a higher Federal share under this section and to those States which have made the repayment required by subsection (d).”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1102, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1157, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(b), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1573, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) $34,422,400,000 for fiscal year 2005;

“(2) $36,032,343,903 for fiscal year 2006;

“(3) $38,244,210,516 for fiscal year 2007;

“(4) $39,585,075,404 for fiscal year 2008; and

“(5) $41,199,970,178 for fiscal year 2009.

“(b)

“(1) section 125 of title 23, United States Code;

“(2) section 147 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [Pub. L. 95–599] (formerly 23 U.S.C. 144 note; 92 Stat. 2714);

“(3) section 9 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1981 (Public Law 97–134; 95 Stat. 1701);

“(4) subsections (b) and (j) of section 131 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (Public Law 97–424; 96 Stat. 2119);

“(5) subsections (b) and (c) of section 149 of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987 (Public Law 100–17; 101 Stat. 198);

“(6) sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240; 105 Stat. 2027) [see Tables for classification];

“(7) section 157 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on June 8, 1998);

“(8) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (as in effect for fiscal years 1998 through 2004, but only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 for each of those fiscal years);

“(9) Federal-aid highway programs for which obligation authority was made available under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 105–178; 112 Stat. 107) [see Tables for classification] or subsequent public laws for multiple years or to remain available until used, but only to the extent that the obligation authority has not lapsed or been used;

“(10) section 105 of title 23, United States Code (but, for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009, only in an amount equal to $639,000,000 per fiscal year); and

“(11) section 1603 of this Act [set out as a note under section 118 of this title], to the extent that funds obligated in accordance with that section were not subject to a limitation on obligations at the time at which the funds were initially made available for obligation.

“(c)

“(1) shall not distribute obligation authority provided by subsection (a) for the fiscal year for—

“(A) amounts authorized for administrative expenses and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United States Code;

“(B) programs funded from the administrative takedown authorized by section 104(a)(1) of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on the date before the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005]); and

“(C) amounts authorized for the highway use tax evasion program and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics;

“(2) shall not distribute an amount of obligation authority provided by subsection (a) that is equal to the unobligated balance of amounts made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for Federal-aid highway and highway safety programs for previous fiscal years the funds for which are allocated by the Secretary;

“(3) shall determine the ratio that—

“(A) the obligation authority provided by subsection (a) for the fiscal year, less the aggregate of amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2); bears to

“(B) the total of the sums authorized to be appropriated for the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (b) and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 105 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection (b)(10) for the fiscal year), less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2);

“(4)(A) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by subsection (a) less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), for sections 1301, 1302, and 1934 of this Act [see Tables for classification], sections 117 [(]but individually for each of [sic] project numbered 1 through 3676 listed in the table contained in section 1702 of this Act [119 Stat. 1256][)] and 144(g) [now 144(f)] of title 23, United States Code, and section 14501 of title 40, United States Code, and, during fiscal year 2005, amounts for programs, projects, and activities authorized by section 117 of title I of division H of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108–447; 118 Stat. 3212), so that the amount of obligation authority available for each of such sections is equal to the amount determined by multiplying—

“(i) the ratio determined under paragraph (3); by

“(ii) the sums authorized to be appropriated for that section for the fiscal year; and

“(B) shall distribute $2,000,000,000 for section 105 of title 23, United States Code;

“(5) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), for each of the programs that are allocated by the Secretary under this Act [see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code (other than to programs to which paragraph (1) applies), by multiplying—

“(A) the ratio determined under paragraph (3); by

“(B) the amounts authorized to be appropriated for each such program for the fiscal year; and

“(6) shall distribute the obligation authority provided by subsection (a), less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) and the amounts distributed under paragraphs (4) and (5), for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than the amounts apportioned for the equity bonus program, but only to the extent that the amounts apportioned for the equity bonus program for the fiscal year are greater than $2,639,000,000, and the Appalachian development highway system program) that are apportioned by the Secretary under this Act and title 23, United States Code, in the ratio that—

“(A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned to each State for the fiscal year; bear to

“(B) the total of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for the programs that are apportioned to all States for the fiscal year.

“(d)

“(1) revise a distribution of the obligation authority made available under subsection (c) if an amount distributed cannot be obligated during that fiscal year; and

“(2) redistribute sufficient amounts to those States able to obligate amounts in addition to those previously distributed during that fiscal year, giving priority to those States having large unobligated balances of funds apportioned under sections 104 and 144 of title 23, United States Code.

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) chapter 5 of title 23, United States Code; and

“(B) title V (research title) of this Act [see Tables for classification].

“(2)

“(A) remain available for a period of 3 fiscal years; and

“(B) be in addition to the amount of any limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for future fiscal years.

“(f)

“(1)

“(A) are authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year for Federal-aid highway programs; and

“(B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated to the States, and will not be available for obligation, in the fiscal year due to the imposition of any obligation limitation for the fiscal year.

“(2)

“(3)

“(g)

“(1) remain available until used for obligation of funds for that provision; and

“(2) be in addition to the amount of any limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for future fiscal years.

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(i)

“(1)

“(2)

“(j)

“(1)

“(2)

“(k)

Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1102, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 115, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 834; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §103(b)(2), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1753.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3044, provided in part that: “None of the funds in this Act [div. A of Pub. L. 111–117, see Tables for classification] shall be available for the implementation or execution of programs, the obligations for which are in excess of $41,107,000,000 for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs for fiscal year 2010”.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §120, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3045, provided that:

“(a) For fiscal year 2010, the Secretary of Transportation shall—

“(1) not distribute from the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways amounts authorized for administrative expenses and programs by section 104(a) of title 23, United States Code; programs funded from the administrative takedown authorized by section 104(a)(1) of title 23, United States Code (as in effect on the date before the date of enactment of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users [Aug. 10, 2005]); the highway use tax evasion program; and the Bureau of Transportation Statistics;

“(2) not distribute an amount from the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways that is equal to the unobligated balance of amounts made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for Federal-aid highways and highway safety programs for previous fiscal years the funds for which are allocated by the Secretary;

“(3) determine the ratio that—

“(A) the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate of amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), bears to

“(B) the total of the sums authorized to be appropriated for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (other than sums authorized to be appropriated for provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (9) of subsection (b) and sums authorized to be appropriated for section 105 of title 23, United States Code, equal to the amount referred to in subsection (b)(10) for such fiscal year), less the aggregate of the amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection;

“(4)(A) distribute the obligation limitation for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2), for sections 1301 [set out as a note under section 101 of this title], 1302 [set out as a note under section 101 of this title], and 1934 [119 Stat. 1485] of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users [Pub. L. 109–59]; sections [sic] 117 (but individually for each project numbered 1 through 3676 listed in the table contained in section 1702 of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users [119 Stat. 1256]) and section 144(g) [now 144(f)] of title 23, United States Code; and section 14501 of title 40, United States Code, so that the amount of obligation authority available for each of such sections is equal to the amount determined by multiplying the ratio determined under paragraph (3) by the sums authorized to be appropriated for that section for the fiscal year; and

“(B) distribute $2,000,000,000 for section 105 of title 23, United States Code;

“(5) distribute the obligation limitation provided for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) and amounts distributed under paragraph (4), for each of the programs that are allocated by the Secretary under the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users [Pub. L. 109–59, see Tables for classification] and title 23, United States Code (other than to programs to which paragraphs (1) and (4) apply), by multiplying the ratio determined under paragraph (3) by the amounts authorized to be appropriated for each such program for such fiscal year; and

“(6) distribute the obligation limitation provided for Federal-aid highways, less the aggregate amounts not distributed under paragraphs (1) and (2) and amounts distributed under paragraphs (4) and (5), for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (other than the amounts apportioned for the equity bonus program, but only to the extent that the amounts apportioned for the equity bonus program for the fiscal year are greater than $2,639,000,000, and the Appalachian development highway system program) that are apportioned by the Secretary under the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users and title 23, United States Code, in the ratio that—

“(A) amounts authorized to be appropriated for such programs that are apportioned to each State for such fiscal year, bear to

“(B) the total of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for such programs that are apportioned to all States for such fiscal year.

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) are authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for Federal-aid highways programs; and

“(B) the Secretary determines will not be allocated to the States, and will not be available for obligation, in such fiscal year due to the imposition of any obligation limitation for such fiscal year.

“(2)

“(3)

“(f)

“(1) remain available until used for obligation of funds for that provision; and

“(2) be in addition to the amount of any limitation imposed on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs for future fiscal years.

“(g)

“(1)

“(2)

“(h)

Similar provisions for prior fiscal years were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 111–8, div. I, title I, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 923.

Pub. L. 111–8, div. I, title I, §120, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 924.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title I, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2383.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title I, §120, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2385.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2402.

Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, §110, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2403.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3204.

Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title I, §110, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3209.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 285.

Pub. L. 108–199, div. F, title I, §110, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 290, as amended by Pub. L. 108–202, §8(b), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 484; Pub. L. 108–287, title X, §14003(a) Aug. 5, 2004, 118 Stat. 1013.

Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title I, title III, §310, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 393, 407.

Pub. L. 107–87, title I, title III, §310, Dec. 18, 2001, 115 Stat. 841, 855.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title I, title III, §310], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–7, 1356A–24.

Pub. L. 106–69, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 994, 1016.

Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title I, title III, §310], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681–446, 2681–465.

Pub. L. 105–66, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 27, 1997, 111 Stat. 1431, 1442.

Pub. L. 104–205, title I, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2958, 2969.

Pub. L. 104–50, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 15, 1995, 109 Stat. 443, 454.

Pub. L. 103–331, title I, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2477; Pub. L. 104–19, title I, July 27, 1995, 109 Stat. 223.

Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2489, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(c)(3), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 605.

Pub. L. 103–122, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 27, 1993, 107 Stat. 1206, 1220, as amended by Pub. L. 103–211, title II, Feb. 12, 1994, 108 Stat. 20.

Pub. L. 102–388, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1528, 1544.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1002(a)–(g), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916–1918.

Pub. L. 102–143, title I, title III, §310, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 925, 940.

Pub. L. 101–516, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2163, 2179.

Pub. L. 101–164, title I, title III, §310, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1077, 1092.

Pub. L. 100–457, title I, title III, §310, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2132, 2146.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title I, title III, §310], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–365, 1329–378.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §105(a)–(g), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 142–144.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(*l*) [H.R. 5205, title I, title III, §313(a)–(d)], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–308, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(*l*) [H.R. 5205, title I, title III, §313(a)–(d)], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–308.

Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4102(a)–(e), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 112, 113.

Pub. L. 99–190, §101(e) [title I, title III, §313], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1267, 1275, 1285.

Pub. L. 98–473, title I, §101(i) [title I, title III, §315], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1944, 1951, 1962.

Pub. L. 98–78, title I, title III, §322, Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 460, 474.

Pub. L. 98–8, title I, Mar. 24, 1983, 97 Stat. 14.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §104(a)–(d), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2098.

Pub. L. 97–134, §3, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1699, as amended by Pub. L. 97–216, title I, July 19, 1982, 96 Stat. 187.

Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §1106, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 624, as amended by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §104(e), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2099.

Provisions requiring the Secretary of Transportation to apportion for specific fiscal years sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal years by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, set out as a note under section 101 of this title, for expenditures on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] using the apportionment factors contained in certain tables in particular committee prints of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1915.

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §102(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135.

Pub. L. 99–104, §1, Sept. 30, 1985, 99 Stat. 474.

Pub. L. 99–4, §1, Mar. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 6.

Pub. L. 98–229, §1, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 55.

Pub. L. 97–327, §3, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1611.

Pub. L. 97–134, §2, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1699.

Pub. L. 96–144, §1, Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1084.

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §103, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2689.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §103, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 426.

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §103, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250.

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §103, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1714.

Pub. L. 90–495, §3, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 815.

Pub. L. 89–574, §3, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 766.

Pub. L. 89–139, §2, Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578.

Provisions entitling each State, for specific fiscal years, to receive at least one-half of 1 per centum of the total apportionment for the Interstate System under section 104(b)(5)(A) of this title, and authorizing States to expend amounts available under these provisions which are in excess of the estimated cost of completing and of necessary resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstruction of the State's portion of the Interstate System for the purposes for which funds apportioned under section 104(b)(1), (2), and (6) of this title may be expended or for carrying out section 152 of this title were contained in the following acts:

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §102(c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 135, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1001(h), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1916.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §103(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097.

Pub. L. 97–327, §4(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1612; repealed Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §103(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2098.

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §104(b)(1), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2691.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §105(b)(1), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 428.

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §104(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 252.

Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §105(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1716.

Section 147 of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “Funds apportioned to States under subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(6) of section 104 of title 23, United States Code, may be used upon the application of the State and the approval of the Secretary of Transportation for construction of access ramps from bridges under construction or which are being reconstructed, replaced, repaired, or otherwise altered on the Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban system to public boat launching areas adjacent to such bridges. Approval of the Secretary shall be in accordance with guidelines developed jointly by the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of the Interior.”

Pub. L. 94–30, §3, June 4, 1975, 89 Stat. 171, sanctioned the use of any money apportioned under section 104(b) of this title for any Federal-aid highway system in a State for any project in that State on any Federal-aid highway system, such amount to be deducted from the apportionment made after June 4, 1975 and repaid and credited to the last apportionment made for which the money was originally apportioned.

Section 111(b) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “Notwithstanding the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [to subsecs. (b)(1), (2), (6), (c) and (d) of this section] no State (other than the District of Columbia) shall receive an apportionment for the primary system which is less than the apportionment which such State received for such system for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973. In order to carry out this subsection, there is authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund for the Federal-aid primary system, an additional $17,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, and $15,000,000 per fiscal year for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1975, and June 30, 1976.”

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, §102(a), 70 Stat. 374, authorized, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of the Federal-Aid Road Act approved July 11, 1916, additional appropriations of $125,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1957, $850,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, and $875,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1959, and provided for the percentage allocation of these funds for primary, secondary and urban systems and the manner of apportionment among the States.

Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §102, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122, approved the estimate of cost of completing the Interstate System in each State, transmitted to the Congress on Jan. 11, 1961, as the basis for making the apportionment of funds authorized for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1966.

Pub. L. 85–381, §8, Apr. 16, 1958, 72 Stat. 94, as amended by Pub. L. 85–899, §1, Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1725; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §103, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 611, approved the estimate of cost of completing the Interstate System in each State, transmitted to the Congress on Jan. 7, 1958, as the basis for making the apportionment of funds authorized for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1960, 1961, and 1962.

Act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title I, §108(d), 70 Stat. 379, as amended by act Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85–899, §2, 72 Stat. 1725, provided that the sums authorized for the fiscal years 1960 through 1969 be apportioned among the several States in the ratio which the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System had to the sum of the estimated cost of completing the Interstate System in all of the States, and required the Secretary of Commerce, in cooperation with State highway departments, to make detailed revised estimates of the cost of completion of the system and to supply Congress with such revised estimate.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) the Interstate maintenance program under section 119;

(B) the national highway system program under section 103;

(C) the highway bridge program under section 144;

(D) the surface transportation program under section 133;

(E) the highway safety improvement program under section 148;

(F) the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 149;

(G) metropolitan planning programs under section 104(f);

(H) the high priority projects program under section 117;

(I) the equity bonus program under this section;

(J) the Appalachian development highway system program under subtitle IV of title 40;

(K) the recreational trails program under section 206;

(L) the safe routes to school program under section 1404 of the SAFETEA–LU;

(M) the rail-highway grade crossing program under section 130; and

(N) the coordinated border infrastructure program under section 1303 of the SAFETEA–LU.

(b)

(1)

(A) for each of fiscal years 2005 and 2006, 90.5 percent, for fiscal year 2007, 91.5 percent, and for each of fiscal years 2008 and 2009, 92 percent, of the quotient obtained by dividing—

(i) the estimated tax payments attributable to highway users in the State paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) in the most recent fiscal year for which data are available; by

(ii) the estimated tax payments attributable to highway users in all States paid into the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for the fiscal year; or

(B) for a State with a total population density of less than 40 persons per square mile (as reported in the decennial census conducted by the Federal Government in 2000) and of which at least 1.25 percent of the total acreage is under Federal jurisdiction, based on the report of the General Services Administration entitled “Federal Real Property Profile” and dated September 30, 2004, a State with a total population of less than 1,000,000 (as reported in that decennial census), a State with a median household income of less than $35,000 (as reported in that decennial census), a State with a fatality rate during 2002 on Interstate highways that is greater than one fatality for each 100,000,000 vehicle miles traveled on Interstate highways, or a State with an indexed, State motor fuels excise tax rate higher than 150 percent of the Federal motor fuels excise tax rate as of the date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, the greater of—

(i) the applicable percentage under subparagraph (A); or

(ii) the average percentage of the State's share of total apportionments for the period of fiscal years 1998 through 2003 for the programs specified in paragraph (2).

(2)

(A) the Interstate maintenance program under section 119;

(B) the national highway system program under section 103;

(C) the highway bridge program under section 144;

(D) the surface transportation program under section 133;

(E) the recreational trails program under section 206;

(F) the high priority projects program under section 117;

(G) the minimum guarantee provided under this section;

(H) revenue aligned budget authority amounts provided under section 110;

(I) the congestion mitigation and air quality improvement program under section 149;

(J) the Appalachian development highway system program under subtitle IV of title 40; and

(K) metropolitan planning programs under section 104(f).

(c)

(1)

(A) For fiscal year 2005, 117 percent.

(B) For fiscal year 2006, 118 percent.

(C) For fiscal year 2007, 119 percent.

(D) For fiscal year 2008, 120 percent.

(E) For fiscal year 2009, 121 percent.

(2)

(d)

(1)

(A) the amount of funds apportioned to each State for each program referred to in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of subsection (a)(2) for a fiscal year; bears to

(B) the total amount of funds apportioned to such State for all such programs for such fiscal year.

(2)

(e)

(f)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(b), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 89–564, title II, §206, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 736; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(d), 132, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1717, 1732; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §109(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 255; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§111, 112, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2696; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §109(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2104; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1105(g)(7), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2036; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1104(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(d), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1104(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1163; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(m)(3)(B), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576.)

Section 1404 of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(L), is section 1404 of Pub. L. 109–59, which is set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Section 1303 of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(N), is section 1303 of Pub. L. 109–59, which is set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (b)(1)(B), (2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2008**—Subsecs. (a)(2)(C), (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 110–244 struck out “replacement and rehabilitation” after “highway bridge”.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to equity bonus program for allocating amounts among the States for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009 for provisions relating to minimum guarantee to each State of funds apportioned under this chapter for each of fiscal years 1998 through 2003.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to minimum guarantee to each State of funds apportioned under chapter for provisions relating to programs to be submitted by State highway departments for approval by Secretary for utilization of funds apportioned under chapter.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted at end “The minimum amount allocated to a State under this section for a fiscal year shall be $1,000,000.”

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), struck out “50 percent of” after “shall apportion” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted “(other than metropolitan planning, minimum guarantee, high priority projects, Appalachian development highway system, and recreational trails programs)” after “subsection (a)”.

Subsec. (c)(1)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(4), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), substituted “each State” for “all States”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(5), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), substituted “administer” for “apportion” and “administered” for “apportioned”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(6)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted “percentage” before “return”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(6)(A), (B), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted “percentage” before “return” and substituted “in the table in subsection (b) was equal to” for “for the preceding fiscal year was equal to or less than”.

Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(6)(C), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted “proportionately” before “adjust”, struck out “set forth” before “in subsection (b)”, and substituted “is equal to” for “do not exceed”.

Subsec. (f)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1104(c)(6)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(d), inserted “percentage” before “return”.

**1991**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–240 added subsec. (k).

**1983**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (h).

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599, §111, inserted provision relating to selection of program projects after consultation with local officials in situations where public roads and highways are under control and supervision of State highway departments.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–599, §112, substituted “public airports, public ports for water transportation, new town communities, and new town-intown communities,” for “public airports and public ports for water transportation,”.

**1973**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “projects be selected by the appropriate local officials with the concurrence of the State highway department of each State and, in urbanized areas, also in accordance with the planning process required pursuant to section 134 of this title”, for “projects be selected by the appropriate local officials and the State highway department in cooperation with each other”.

**1970**—Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(d), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (e) and (f), respectively.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–605, §132, added subsec. (g).

**1966**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–564 added subsec. (e).

**1960**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–624 repealed subsec. (e) which required the Secretary, in approving programs in Hawaii, to give preference to such projects as will expedite the completion of highways for the national defense or which will connect seaports with units of the national parks.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 129 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall by rule or regulation establish, as soon as practicable, alternative methods for processing projects under title 23, United States Code, so as to reduce the time required from the request for project approval through the completion of construction. In carrying out this section the Secretary shall utilize the knowledge and experience resulting from the demonstration project authorized by and carried out under section 141 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1976 [Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §141, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 444, set out as a note under section 124 of this title].”

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(d)

(1) section 113 or 114; or

(2) any Federal law other than this title (including section 5333 of title 49).

(e)

(1)

(A)

(i) providing the needed functions safely, reliably, and at the lowest overall cost;

(ii) improving the value and quality of the project; and

(iii) reducing the time to complete the project.

(B)

(i) combining or eliminating otherwise inefficient use of costly parts of the original proposed design for the project; and

(ii) completely redesigning the project using different technologies, materials, or methods so as to accomplish the original purpose of the project.

(2)

(A) each project on the Federal-aid system with an estimated total cost of $25,000,000 or more;

(B) a bridge project with an estimated total cost of $20,000,000 or more; and

(C) any other project the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(3)

(4)

(A) include bridge substructure requirements based on construction material; and

(B) be evaluated—

(i) on engineering and economic bases, taking into consideration acceptable designs for bridges; and

(ii) using an analysis of life-cycle costs and duration of project construction.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(g)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(i) adequate project delivery systems for projects approved under this section; and

(ii) sufficient accounting controls to properly manage such Federal funds.

(B)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(h)

(1)

(A) a project management plan; and

(B) an annual financial plan.

(2)

(A) the procedures and processes that are in effect to provide timely information to the project decisionmakers to effectively manage the scope, costs, schedules, and quality of, and the Federal requirements applicable to, the project; and

(B) the role of the agency leadership and management team in the delivery of the project.

(3)

(A) be based on detailed estimates of the cost to complete the project; and

(B) provide for the annual submission of updates to the Secretary that are based on reasonable assumptions, as determined by the Secretary, of future increases in the cost to complete the project.

(i)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 892; Pub. L. 88–157, §7(a), Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(e), 142, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1717, 1737; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §114, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(4), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1016(b), 1018(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1945, 1948; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §303, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 578; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1305(a)–(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 227–229; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1904(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1465.)

Executive Order No. 12893, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is set out as a note under section 501 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

**2005**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1904(a)(1), added subsec. (e) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “For such projects as the Secretary determines advisable, plans, specifications, and estimates for proposed projects on any Federal-aid highway shall be accompanied by a value engineering analysis or other cost reduction analysis.”

Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1904(a)(2), added subsecs. (g) to (i) and struck out former subsecs. (g) and (h) which related to establishment of a value engineering analysis program for projects with an estimated total cost of $25,000,000 or more and requirement that recipient of assistance for a project with an estimated total cost of $1,000,000,000 or more submit an annual financial plan for the project.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(1), substituted “Project approval and oversight” for “Plans, specifications, and estimates” in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a) to (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(3), added subsecs. (a) to (d) and struck out former subsecs. (a) to (d) which related to requirement for State highway departments to submit to Secretary for approval plans, specifications, and estimates for each proposed highway project, special rules relating to resurfacing, restoring, and rehabilitating projects on National Highway System, to low-cost National Highway System projects, and to non-National Highway System projects, limitation on estimates for construction engineering, and provisions relating to value engineering or other cost reduction analysis.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(c), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows:

“(f)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1305(b), added subsec. (h).

**1995**—Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 104–59 added subsecs. (e) and (f).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(b)(1), inserted “this section and” before “section 117”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(b)(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “In addition to the approval required under subsection (a) of this section, proposed specifications for projects for construction on (1) the Federal-aid secondary system, except in States where all public roads and highways are under the control and supervision of the State highway department, and (2) the Federal-aid urban system, shall be determined by the State highway department and the appropriate local road officials in cooperation with each other.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1018(a), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “Items included in any such estimate for construction engineering shall not exceed 15 percent of the total estimated cost of a project financed with Federal-aid highway funds, after excluding from such total estimate cost, the estimated costs of rights-of-way, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering.”

**1987**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “15 percent” for “10 per centum” and struck out at end “However, this limitation shall be 15 per centum in any State with respect to which the Secretary finds such higher limitation to be necessary.”

**1976**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “Federal-aid highway funds” for “Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds” and “such total estimate cost” for “such total estimated cost” and struck out 10 per centum limitation for any project financed with interstate funds.

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, §106(e), inserted reference to the Federal-aid urban system.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §142, added subsec. (d).

**1963**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted “a project financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds” for “the project” and provided for limitation, on items included in estimates for construction engineering on projects financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds, of 15 percent of total estimated cost of the project where found by the Secretary to be necessary and for 10-percent limitation on projects financed with interstate funds.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 1091 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Pub. L. 89–574, §5(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, authorized Secretary to modify project agreements entered into prior to Sept. 13, 1966, pursuant to section 106 of this title for purpose of effectuating amendment made by this section (amending section 109(b) of this title to add a requirement of four lanes of traffic) with respect to as much of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] as may be possible.

(a) In any case in which the Secretary is requested by a State to acquire lands or interests in lands (including within the term “interests in lands”, the control of access thereto from adjoining lands) required by such State for right-of-way or other purposes in connection with the prosecution of any project for the construction, reconstruction, or improvement of any section of the Interstate System, the Secretary is authorized, in the name of the United States and prior to the approval of title by the Attorney General, to acquire, enter upon, and take possession of such lands or interests in lands by purchase, donation, condemnation, or otherwise in accordance with the laws of the United States (including sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40), if—

(1) the Secretary has determined either that the State is unable to acquire necessary lands or interests in lands, or is unable to acquire such lands or interests in lands with sufficient promptness; and

(2) the State has agreed with the Secretary to pay, at such time as may be specified by the Secretary an amount equal to 10 per centum of the costs incurred by the Secretary, in acquiring such lands or interests in lands, or such lesser percentage which represents the State's pro rata share of project costs as determined in accordance with subsection (c) 1 of section 120 of this title.

The authority granted by this section shall also apply to lands and interests in lands received as grants of land from the United States and owned or held by railroads or other corporations.

(b) The costs incurred by the Secretary in acquiring any such lands or interests in lands may include the cost of examination and abstract of title, certificate of title, advertising, and any fees incidental to such acquisition. All costs incurred by the Secretary in connection with the acquisition of any such lands or interests in lands shall be paid from the funds for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of the Interstate System apportioned to the State upon the request of which such lands or interests in lands are acquired, and any sums paid to the Secretary by such State as its share of the costs of acquisition of such lands or interests in lands shall be deposited in the Treasury to the credit of the appropriation for Federal-aid highways and shall be credited to the amount apportioned to such State as its apportionment of funds for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of the Interstate System, or shall be deducted from other moneys due the State for reimbursement from funds authorized to be appropriated under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

(c) The Secretary is further authorized and directed by proper deed, executed in the name of the United States, to convey any such lands or interests in lands acquired in any State under the provisions of this section, except the outside five feet of any such right-of-way in any State which does not provide control of access, to the State transportation department of such State or such political subdivision thereof as its laws may provide, upon such terms and conditions as to such lands or interests in lands as may be agreed upon by the Secretary and the State transportation department or political subdivisions to which the conveyance is to be made. Whenever the State makes provision for control of access satisfactory to the Secretary, the outside five feet then shall be conveyed to the State by the Secretary, as herein provided.

(d) Whenever rights-of-way, including control of access, on the Interstate System are required over lands or interests in lands owned by the United States, the Secretary may make such arrangements with the agency having jurisdiction over such lands as may be necessary to give the State or other person constructing the projects on such lands adequate rights-of-way and control of access thereto from adjoining lands, and any such agency is directed to cooperate with the Secretary in this connection.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 892; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–284, §3(1), Sept. 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 1211.)

Subsection (c) of section 120 of this title, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), was struck out and a new subsec. (c) was added by Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1021(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1950.

The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (b), is act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, 70 Stat. 374. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. Section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 is set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

**2006**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–284 substituted “sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40” for “the Act of February 26, 1931, 46 Stat. 1421”.

**1998**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in two places.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b) Federal participation in the cost of rights-of-way acquired under subsection (a) of this section shall not exceed the Federal pro rata share applicable to the class of funds from which Federal reimbursement is made.

(c)

(1)

(A) costs incurred by the State for acquisition of rights-of-way, acquired in advance of any Federal approval or authorization, if the rights-of-way are subsequently incorporated into a project eligible for surface transportation program funds; and

(B) costs incurred by the State for the acquisition of land necessary to preserve environmental and scenic values.

(2)

(A) any land acquired, and relocation assistance provided, complied with the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970;

(B) the requirements of title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have been complied with;

(C) the State has a mandatory comprehensive and coordinated land use, environment, and transportation planning process under State law and the acquisition is certified by the Governor as consistent with the State plans before the acquisition;

(D) the acquisition is determined in advance by the Governor to be consistent with the State transportation planning process pursuant to section 135 of this title;

(E) the alternative for which the right-of-way is acquired is selected by the State pursuant to regulations to be issued by the Secretary which provide for the consideration of the environmental impacts of various alternatives;

(F) before the time that the cost incurred by a State is approved for Federal participation, environmental compliance pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act has been completed for the project for which the right-of-way was acquired by the State, and the acquisition has been approved by the Secretary under this Act,1 and in compliance with section 303 of title 49, section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, and all other applicable environmental laws shall be identified by the Secretary in regulations; and

(G) before the time that the cost incurred by a State is approved for Federal participation, both the Secretary and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency have concurred that the property acquired in advance of Federal approval or authorization did not influence the environmental assessment of the project, the decision relative to the need to construct the project, or the selection of the project design or location.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 893; Pub. L. 86–35, §1, May 29, 1959, 73 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 90–495, §7(a), (b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §113, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 257; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §115, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1017(a), (b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1947; Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §346, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1553; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(2), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1211(e)(1), 1301(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 188, 225.)

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(A), is act Jan. 2, 1971, Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, as amended, and which is classified principally to chapter 61 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4601 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(B), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(F), probably means the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

This Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(F), probably means Pub. L. 102–240, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1914, known as the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1991 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 49, Transportation, and Tables.

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(F), probably means section 7 of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, which is classified to section 1536 of Title 16, Conservation.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(a), substituted “Advance acquisition of real property” for “Advance acquisition of rights-of-way” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “For the purpose of facilitating the acquisition of rights-of-way on any Federal-aid highway in the most expeditious and economical manner, and recognizing that the acquisition of rights-of-way requires lengthy planning and negotiations if it is to be done at a reasonable cost, the Secretary, upon the request of the State highway department, is authorized to make available the funds apportioned to any State which may be expended on such highway for acquisition of rights-of-way, in anticipation of construction and under such rules and regulations as the Secretary may prescribe. The agreement between the Secretary and the State highway department for the reimbursement of the cost of such rights-of-way shall provide for the actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way within a period not exceeding 20 years following the fiscal year in which such request is made unless a longer period is determined to be reasonable by the Secretary.”

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1211(e)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which related to establishment and administration of right-of-way revolving fund.

**1994**—Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted “section 303 of title 49” for “section 4(f) of the Department of Transportation Act”.

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(1), (2), substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “of the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System,” and “which may be expended on such highway” for “for expenditure on any of the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System,”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(3), inserted “and passenger transit facilities”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–388, §346(5), which directed the substitution of “of the type funded” for “on the federal-aid system of which such project is to be part,” was executed by making the substitution for “on the Federal-aid system of which such project is to be a part,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 102–388, §346(4), substituted “project” for “highway” after “construction of a” in first and second sentences.

**1991**—Subsecs. (a), (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1017(a), substituted “20” for “ten”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1017(b), added subsec. (d).

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(b), inserted “unless a longer period is determined to be reasonable by the Secretary” after “request is made” in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(a), struck out “made pursuant to section 133 or chapter 5 of this title” after “relocation payments” in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §115(c), inserted “or later” after “earlier” in first sentence.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §113(a), substituted “ten” for “seven” years in last sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 93–87, §113(b), substituted “ten” for “seven” years in first sentence.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, §7(a), substituted “subsection (a) of this section” for “this section”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–495, §7(b), added subsec. (c).

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–35 increased from five to seven years the period in which actual construction shall commence on rights-of-way acquired in anticipation of such construction.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1211(e)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 188, provided that:

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) shall be credited with an amount equal to the Federal share of the funds advanced, as provided in section 120 of title 23, United States Code, out of any Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to the State in which the project is located and available for obligation for projects of the type funded; and

“(ii) the State shall reimburse the Secretary in an amount equal to the non-Federal share of the funds advanced for deposit in, and credit to, the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account).”

Section 1017(c) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “The Secretary, in consultation with the States, shall report to Congress within 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], a national list of the rights-of-way identified by the metropolitan planning organizations and the States (under sections 134 and 135 of title 23, United States Code), including the total mileage involved, an estimate of the total costs, and a strategy for preventing further loss of rights-of-way including the desirability of creating a transportation right-of-way land bank to preserve vital corridors.”

Section 7(c)–(e) of Pub. L. 90–495 provided that $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, and $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, be transferred from the highway trust fund to the right-of-way revolving fund established by subsec. (c) of this section, authorized the Secretary to apportion these funds and required that funds apportioned to a State remain available for obligation for advances until Oct. 1 of the fiscal year in which the apportionment was made and any funds not advanced or obligated by such date revert to the right-of-way revolving fund for distribution to other States.

Pub. L. 89–574, §10, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary to make a full and complete investigation and study of the advance acquisition of rights-of-way for future construction of highways on the Federal-aid highway systems, with particular reference to the provision of adequate time for the removal and disposal of improvements located on rights-of-way and the relocation of affected individuals, businesses, institutions, and organizations, the tax status of such property after acquisition and before its use for highway purposes, and the methods for financing advance right-of-way acquisition by both the State governments and the Federal Government, including the possible creation of revolving funds for such purpose. The Secretary was required to submit a report of results of such study to Congress not later than July 1, 1967, together with his recommendations.

Section 2 of Pub. L. 86–35 provided that agreements entered into before May 29, 1959 by the Secretary of Commerce and a State highway department under authority of section 110(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, or section 108(a) of title 23 of the United States Code shall be deemed to provide for actual construction of a road on such rights-of-way within a period of seven years following the fiscal year in which such request was made.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) adequately serve the existing and planned future traffic of the highway in a manner that is conducive to safety, durability, and economy of maintenance; and

(2) be designed and constructed in accordance with criteria best suited to accomplish the objectives described in paragraph (1) and to conform to the particular needs of each locality.

(b) The geometric and construction standards to be adopted for the Interstate System shall be those approved by the Secretary in cooperation with the State transportation departments. Such standards, as applied to each actual construction project, shall be adequate to enable such project to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for such project for the twenty-year period commencing on the date of approval by the Secretary, under section 106 of this title, of the plans, specifications, and estimates for actual construction of such project. Such standards shall in all cases provide for at least four lanes of traffic. The right-of-way width of the Interstate System shall be adequate to permit construction of projects on the Interstate System to such standards. The Secretary shall apply such standards uniformly throughout all the States.

(c)

(1)

(A) the constructed and natural environment of the area;

(B) the environmental, scenic, aesthetic, historic, community, and preservation impacts of the activity; and

(C) access for other modes of transportation.

(2)

(A) the results of the committee process of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials as used in adopting and publishing “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets”, including comments submitted by interested parties as part of such process;

(B) the publication entitled “Flexibility in Highway Design” of the Federal Highway Administration;

(C) “Eight Characteristics of Process to Yield Excellence and the Seven Qualities of Excellence in Transportation Design” developed by the conference held during 1998 entitled “Thinking Beyond the Pavement National Workshop on Integrating Highway Development with Communities and the Environment while Maintaining Safety and Performance”; and

(D) any other material that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(d) On any highway project in which Federal funds hereafter participate, or on any such project constructed since December 20, 1944, the location, form and character of informational, regulatory and warning signs, curb and pavement or other markings, and traffic signals installed or placed by any public authority or other agency, shall be subject to the approval of the State transportation department with the concurrence of the Secretary, who is directed to concur only in such installations as will promote the safe and efficient utilization of the highways.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f) The Secretary shall not, as a condition precedent to his approval under section 106 of this title, require any State to acquire title to, or control of, any marginal land along the proposed highway in addition to that reasonably necessary for road surfaces, median strips, bikeways, gutters, ditches, and side slopes, and of sufficient width to provide service roads for adjacent property to permit safe access at controlled locations in order to expedite traffic, promote safety, and minimize roadside parking.

(g) Not later than January 30, 1971, the Secretary shall issue guidelines for minimizing possible soil erosion from highway construction. Such guidelines shall apply to all proposed projects with respect to which plans, specifications, and estimates are approved by the Secretary after the issuance of such guidelines.

(h) Not later than July 1, 1972, the Secretary, after consultation with appropriate Federal and State officials, shall submit to Congress, and not later than 90 days after such submission, promulgate guidelines designed to assure that possible adverse economic, social, and environmental effects relating to any proposed project on any Federal-aid system have been fully considered in developing such project, and that the final decisions on the project are made in the best overall public interest, taking into consideration the need for fast, safe and efficient transportation, public services, and the costs of eliminating or minimizing such adverse effects and the following:

(1) air, noise, and water pollution;

(2) destruction or disruption of man-made and natural resources, aesthetic values, community cohesion and the availability of public facilities and services;

(3) adverse employment effects, and tax and property value losses;

(4) injurious displacement of people, businesses and farms; and

(5) disruption of desirable community and regional growth.

Such guidelines shall apply to all proposed projects with respect to which plans, specifications, and estimates are approved by the Secretary after the issuance of such guidelines.

(i) The Secretary, after consultation with appropriate Federal, State, and local officials, shall develop and promulgate standards for highway noise levels compatible with different land uses and after July 1, 1972, shall not approve plans and specifications for any proposed project on any Federal-aid system for which location approval has not yet been secured unless he determines that such plans and specifications include adequate measures to implement the appropriate noise level standards. The Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and appropriate Federal, State, and local officials, may promulgate standards for the control of highway noise levels for highways on any Federal-aid system for which project approval has been secured prior to July 1, 1972. The Secretary may approve any project on a Federal-aid system to which noise-level standards are made applicable under the preceding sentence for the purpose of carrying out such standards. Such project may include, but is not limited to, the acquisition of additional rights-of-way, the construction of physical barriers, and landscaping. Sums apportioned for the Federal-aid system on which such project will be located shall be available to finance the Federal share of such project. Such project shall be deemed a highway project for all purposes of this title.

(j) The Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, shall develop and promulgate guidelines to assure that highways constructed pursuant to this title are consistent with any approved plan for—

(1) the implementation of a national ambient air quality standard for each pollutant for which an area is designated as a nonattainment area under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)); or

(2) the maintenance of a national ambient air quality standard in an area that was designated as a nonattainment area but that was later redesignated by the Administrator as an attainment area for the standard and that is required to develop a maintenance plan under section 175A of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7505a).

(k) The Secretary shall not approve any project involving approaches to a bridge under this title, if such project and bridge will significantly affect the traffic volume and the highway system of a contiguous State without first taking into full consideration the views of that State.

(*l*)(1) In determining whether any right-of-way on any Federal-aid highway should be used for accommodating any utility facility, the Secretary shall—

(A) first ascertain the effect such use will have on highway and traffic safety, since in no case shall any use be authorized or otherwise permitted, under this or any other provision of law, which would adversely affect safety;

(B) evaluate the direct and indirect environmental and economic effects of any loss of productive agricultural land or any impairment of the productivity of any agricultural land which would result from the disapproval of the use of such right-of-way for the accommodation of such utility facility; and

(C) consider such environmental and economic effects together with any interference with or impairment of the use of the highway in such right-of-way which would result from the use of such right-of-way for the accommodation of such utility facility.

(2) For the purpose of this subsection—

(A) the term “utility facility” means any privately, publicly, or cooperatively owned line, facility, or system for producing, transmitting, or distributing communications, power, electricity, light, heat, gas, oil, crude products, water, steam, waste, storm water not connected with highway drainage, or any other similar commodity, including any fire or police signal system or street lighting system, which directly or indirectly serves the public; and

(B) the term “right-of-way” means any real property, or interest therein, acquired, dedicated, or reserved for the construction, operation, and maintenance of a highway.

(m)

(n) It is the intent of Congress that any project for resurfacing, restoring, or rehabilitating any highway, other than a highway access to which is fully controlled, in which Federal funds participate shall be constructed in accordance with standards to preserve and extend the service life of highways and enhance highway safety.

(*o*)

(p)

(1) allow for the preservation of environmental, scenic, or historic values;

(2) ensure safe use of the facility; and

(3) comply with subsection (a).

(q)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 894; Pub. L. 88–157, §4, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 89–574, §§5(a), 14, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 767, 771; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §136(a), (b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§114, 152(2), 156, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 257, 276, 277; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§113, 116(d), 141(f), (g), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2696, 2699, 2711; Pub. L. 96–106, §3, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §110(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2105; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1016(c)–(f)(1), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1946; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§304, 305(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 579, 580; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1202(c), 1212(a)(2)(A), 1306, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 169, 193, 229; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1110(a), (c), title VI, §6008, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1170, 1171, 1874.)

**2005**—Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §6008, inserted dash after “Secretary shall consider” and subpar. (A) designation before “the results”, substituted semicolon for period, and added subpars. (B) to (D).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1110(a), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1110(c), substituted “Not later than January 30, 1971, the Secretary shall issue” for “The Secretary shall issue within 30 days after the day of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970”.

**1998**—Subsecs. (b), (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a), redesignated subsec. (n) as (m) and struck out former subsec. (m) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall issue guidelines describing the criteria applicable to the Interstate System in order to insure that the condition of these routes is maintained at the level required by the purposes for which they were designed. The initial guidelines shall be issued no later than October 1, 1979.”

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a)(2), redesignated subsec. (*o*) as (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (m).

Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(c), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall not approve any project under this title that will result in the severance or destruction of an existing major route for nonmotorized transportation traffic and light motorcycles, unless such project provides a reasonably alternate route or such a route exists.”

Subsecs. (*o*) to (q). Pub. L. 105–178, §1306(a)(2), (b), added subsec. (q) and redesignated former subsecs. (p) and (q) as (*o*) and (p), respectively. Former subsec. (*o*) redesignated (n).

**1995**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall not approve plans and specifications for proposed highway projects under this chapter if they fail to provide for a facility (1) that will adequately meet the existing and probable future traffic needs and conditions in a manner conducive to safety, durability, and economy of maintenance; (2) that will be designed and constructed in accordance with standards best suited to accomplish the foregoing objectives and to conform to the particular needs of each locality.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(2), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

“(c)

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 104–59, §305(a), substituted “plan for—” and pars. (1) and (2) for “plan for the implementation of any ambient air quality standard for any air quality control region designated pursuant to the Clean Air Act, as amended.”

Subsec. (q). Pub. L. 104–59, §304(3), added subsec. (q) and struck out former subsec. (q) which read as follows:

“(q)

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(f)(1)(A), substituted “highway projects under this chapter” for “projects on any Federal-aid system”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(c), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “Projects on the Federal-aid secondary system in which Federal funds participate shall be constructed according to specifications that will provide all-weather service and permit maintenance at a reasonable cost.”

Subsec. (*l*)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(f)(1)(B), substituted “highway” for “system” in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (p), (q). Pub. L. 102–240, §1016(d), (e), added subsecs. (p) and (q).

**1983**—Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (*o*).

**1979**—Subsec. (*l*)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96–106 struck out “any aspect of” after “adversely affect”.

**1978**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–599, §141(f), inserted “bikeways” after “surfaces, median strips,”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 95–599, §113, added subsec. (*l*).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 95–599, §116(d), added subsec. (m).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 95–599, §141(g), added subsec. (n).

**1973**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §152(2), substituted “Act” for “Rct”, thus correcting the popular name to read “Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–87, §114, authorized promulgation of noise-level standards for highways on any Federal-aid system for which project approval has been secured prior to July 1, 1972, and approval of any project on a Federal-aid system to which noise-level standards are made applicable, described the range of the projects, made money available for financing Federal share of the project, and deemed such project a highway project for all purposes of this title.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 93–87, §156, added subsec. (k).

**1970**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 91–605, §136(a), substituted provisions ordering the Secretary to issue within 30 days after Dec. 31, 1970, guidelines, which will apply to all proposed projects approved by the Secretary after their issuance, for minimizing soil erosion from highway construction for provisions authorizing the Secretary to consult with the Secretary of Agriculture respecting guidelines for minimizing soil erosion from highway construction and report such guidelines to Congress not later than July 1, 1967.

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 91–605, §136(b), added subsecs. (h) to (j).

**1966**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574, §5(a), required that in all cases the standards provide for at least four lanes of traffic.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89–574, §14, added subsec. (g).

**1963**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted “Such standards, as applied to each actual construction project, shall be adequate to enable such project to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic anticipated for such project for the twenty-year period commencing on the date of approval by the Secretary, under section 106 of this title, of the plans, specifications, and estimates for actual construction of such project” for “Such standards shall be adequate to accommodate the types and volumes of traffic forecast for the year 1975”, struck out “up” before “to such standards” and inserted “all” in phrase “throughout all the States”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 108–29, §3, May 29, 2003, 117 Stat. 772, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1309, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 232, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9004(c), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 843, which directed the Secretary of Transportation to develop and implement a coordinated environmental review process for highway construction and mass transit projects, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6002(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1865.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1402, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 236, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9005(c), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 848, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) separating workers from traffic flow when work is in progress;

“(B) providing additional safe work space by utilizing adjacent and available traffic lanes during off-peak hours;

“(C) rapid deployment to allow for daily or periodic restoration of lanes for use by traffic during peak hours as needed;

“(D) mitigating congestion caused by construction by—

“(i) opening all adjacent and available lanes to traffic during peak traffic hours; or

“(ii) using reversible lanes to optimize capacity of the highway by adjusting to directional traffic flow; and

“(E) permanent use of positive separation technologies to create contraflow or reversible lanes to increase the capacity of congested highways, bridges, and tunnels.

“(3)

Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577, as amended by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1211(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 188, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A)

“(B)

Section 339(b) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Section 359(b) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Section 1038 of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(b), title III, §327, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577, 592, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) the threat to human health and the environment associated with the production and use of asphalt pavement containing recycled rubber;

“(B) the degree to which asphalt pavement containing recycled rubber can be recycled; and

“(C) the performance of the asphalt pavement containing recycled rubber under various climate and use conditions.

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) to develop mix designs for crumb rubber modified asphalt pavements;

“(ii) for the placement and evaluation of crumb rubber modified asphalt pavement field tests; and

“(iii) for the expansion of State crumb rubber modifier programs in existence on the date the grant is made available.

“(e)

“(1) the term ‘asphalt pavement containing recycled rubber’ means any mixture of asphalt and crumb rubber derived from whole scrap tires, such that the physical properties of the asphalt are modified through the mixture, for use in pavement maintenance, rehabilitation, or construction applications; and

“(2) the term ‘recycled rubber’ is any crumb rubber derived from processing whole scrap tires or shredded tire material taken from automobiles, trucks, or other equipment owned and operated in the United States.”

Section 1049 of Pub. L. 102–240 directed Secretary to conduct a survey to identify current State standards relating to geometric design, traffic control devices, roadside safety, safety appurtenance design, uniform traffic control devices, and sign legibility and directional clarity for all Federal-aid highways and, not later than 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, to transmit to Congress a report on the results of the survey and the crashworthiness of traffic lights, traffic signs, guardrails, impact attenuators, concrete barrier treatments, and breakaway utility poles for bridges and roadways currently used by States.

Section 1057 of title I of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Section 1058 of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §328, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 593, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Section 1073 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Section 110(b), (c) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that:

“(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences (1) to conduct a study of the safety cost-effectiveness of geometric design criteria of standards currently in effect for construction and reconstruction of highways, other than highways access to which is fully controlled, to determine the most appropriate minimum standards to apply to resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation projects on such highways, which study shall include a study of the cost effectiveness of the hot dip galvanizing process for the installation, repair, or replacement of exposed structural and miscellaneous steel, and (2) to propose standards to preserve and extend the service life of such highways and enhance highway safety. The National Academy of Sciences shall conduct such study in cooperation with the National Transportation Safety Board, the Congressional Budget Office, and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Upon completion of such study, the National Academy of Sciences shall submit such study and its proposed standards to the Secretary of Transportation for review. Within ninety days after submission of such standards to the Secretary of Transportation, the Secretary shall submit such study and the proposed standards of the National Academy of Sciences, together with the recommendations of the Secretary, to Congress for approval.

“(c)(1) The Secretary of Transportation is directed to coordinate a study with the National Bureau of Standards, the American Society for Testing and Materials, and other organizations as deemed appropriate, (A) to determine the existing quality of design, construction, products, use, and systems for highways and bridges; (B) to determine the need for uniform standards and criteria for design, processing, products, and applications, including personnel training and implementation of enforcement techniques; and (C) to determine the manpower needs and costs of developing a national system for the evaluation and accreditation of testing and inspection agencies.

“(2) The Secretary shall submit such study to the Congress not later than one year after the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983].”

Section 144 of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 96–106, §14, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798, which prohibited use of Federal funds for signing solely in the metric system, was repealed by Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1053, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2001.

Authorization to modify projects agreements entered into prior to September 13, 1966, to effectuate the amendment of this section by Pub. L. 89–574 which added the requirement of four-lanes of traffic, see section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89–574, set out as a note under section 106 of this title.

(a)

(1) 1 if the amount determined pursuant to such section for such fiscal year is greater than zero.

(2) 1 for fiscal year 2007 or any fiscal year thereafter is less than zero, the Secretary on October 15 of such fiscal year shall reduce proportionately the amount of sums authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for such fiscal year and the succeeding fiscal year to carry out each of the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than emergency relief) and the motor carrier safety grant program by an aggregate amount equal to the amount determined pursuant to such section. No reduction under this paragraph and no reduction under section 1102(h), and no reduction under title VIII or any amendment made by title VIII, of the SAFETEA–LU shall be made for a fiscal year if, as of October 1 of such fiscal year the balance in the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) exceeds $6,000,000,000.

(b)

(1) determine the ratio that—

(A) the sums authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for each of the Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs (other than the equity bonus program) and the motor carrier safety grant program for which funds are allocated from such Trust Fund by the Secretary under this title, the SAFETEA–LU, and subchapter I of chapter 311 of title 49 for a fiscal year, bears to

(B) the total of all sums authorized to be appropriated from such Trust Fund for such programs for such fiscal year;

(2) multiply the ratio determined under paragraph (1) by the total amount of funds to be allocated under subsection (a)(1) for such fiscal year;

(3) allocate the amount determined under paragraph (2) among such programs in the ratio that—

(A) the sums authorized to be appropriated from such Trust Fund for each of such programs for such fiscal year, bears to

(B) the sums authorized to be appropriated from such Trust Fund for all such programs for such fiscal year; and

(4) allocate the remainder of the funds to be allocated under subsection (a)(1) for such fiscal year to the States in the ratio that—

(A) the total of all funds authorized to be appropriated from such Trust Fund for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs that are apportioned to each State for such fiscal year but for this section, bears to

(B) the total of all funds authorized to be appropriated from such Trust Fund for such programs that are apportioned to all States for such fiscal year but for this section.

(c)

(d)

(e) After making any calculation necessary to implement this section for fiscal year 2001, the amount available under paragraph (a)(1) shall be increased by $128,752,000. The amounts added under this subsection shall not apply to any calculation in any other fiscal year.

(f) For fiscal year 2001, prior to making any distribution under this section, $22,029,000 of the allocation under paragraph (a)(1) shall be available only for each program authorized under chapter 53 of title 49, United States Code, and title III of Public Law 105–178, in proportion to each such program's share of the total authorization in section 5338 (other than 5338(h)) of such title and sections 3037 and 3038 of such Public Law, under the terms and conditions of chapter 53 of such title.

(g) For fiscal year 2001, prior to making any distribution under this section, $399,000 of the allocation under paragraph (a)(1) shall be available only for motor carrier safety programs under sections 31104 and 31107 of title 49, United States Code; $274,000 for NHTSA operations and research under section 403 of title 23, United States Code; and $787,000 for NHTSA highway traffic safety grants under chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1105(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 130; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(e), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 835; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, §1000(a)(5) [title III, §304], Nov. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–306; Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §102(a)(2), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1752; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1105(a)–(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1165, 1166.)

Section 1102(h) of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 1102(h) of Pub. L. 109–59, which is set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

The SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2) and (b)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 109–59, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, also known as the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users. Title VIII of the Act amended sections 900 and 901 of Title 2, The Congress, and enacted provisions set out as a note under section 901 of Title 2. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

Title III of Public Law 105–178, referred to in subsec. (f), is title III of Pub. L. 105–178, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 338, as amended, known as the Federal Transit Act of 1998. Sections 3037 and 3038 of title III of Pub. L. 105–178 are set out as notes under sections 5309 and 5310, respectively, of Title 49, Transportation. For complete classification of title III to the Code, see Short Title of 1998 Amendment note set out under section 5101 of Title 49 and Tables.

Another section 110 was renumbered section 126 of this title.

A prior section 110, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 894, related to project agreements, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1105(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 130.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1105(a), substituted “2007” for “2000” and inserted “and the succeeding fiscal year” after “allocate for such fiscal year”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1105(b), substituted “2007” for “2000” and “October 15 of such” for “October 1 of the succeeding”, inserted “for such fiscal year and the succeeding fiscal year” after “Account)”, and inserted at end “No reduction under this paragraph and no reduction under section 1102(h), and no reduction under title VIII or any amendment made by title VIII, of the SAFETEA–LU shall be made for a fiscal year if, as of October 1 of such fiscal year the balance in the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) exceeds $6,000,000,000.”

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1105(c), (e), struck out “for” before “Federal-aid highway” and substituted “equity bonus” for “minimum guarantee” and “SAFETEA–LU” for “Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1105(d), inserted “the highway safety improvement program,” after “the surface transportation program,”.

**1999**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 106–159, §102(a)(2)(A), inserted “and the motor carrier safety grant program” after “relief)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 106–159, §102(a)(2)(B), inserted “and the motor carrier safety grant program” after “program)”, substituted “title,” for “title and”, and inserted “, and subchapter I of chapter 311 of title 49” after “21st Century”.

Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 106–113, which directed amendment of section 110 by adding subsecs. (e) to (g) at the end, was executed to this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Codification note above.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1105(c)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(e), substituted “In general” for “Determination of amount” in heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “On October 15 of fiscal year 1999, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Secretary shall allocate an amount of funds equal to the amount determined pursuant to section 251(b)(1)(B)(I)(cc) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 901(b)(2)(B)(I)(cc)).”

Subsec. (b)(2), (4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1105(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(e), substituted “subsection (a)(1)” for “subsection (a)”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1105(c)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(e), substituted “the Interstate and National Highway System program” for “the Interstate Maintenance program, the National Highway System program”.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1105(f), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1166, provided that: “If the amount available pursuant to section 110 of title 23, United States Code, for fiscal year 2007 is greater than zero, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall—

“(1) determine the total amount necessary to increase each State's rate of return (as determined under section 105(b)(1)(A) of title 23, United States Code) to 92 percent, excluding amounts provided under this paragraph;

“(2) allocate to each State the lesser of—

“(A) the amount computed for that State under paragraph (1); or

“(B) an amount determined by multiplying the total amount calculated under section 110 of title 23, United States Code, for fiscal year 2007 by the ratio that—

“(i) the amount determined for such State under paragraph (1); bears to

“(ii) the total amount computed for all States in paragraph (1); and

“(3) allocate amounts remaining in excess of the amounts allocated in paragraph (2) to all States in accordance with section 110 of title 23, United States Code.”

1 So in original. Probably should be “(2 U.S.C. 901(b)(1)(B)(ii)(I)(cc))”.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(3)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §104(a), June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 122; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §114, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2697; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §110(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 146; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §306, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 580; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1412, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1234; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §104, June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1578.)

**2008**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–244 struck out subsec. (d) which related to idling reduction facilities in rights-of-way of Interstate System.

**2005**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59 added subsec. (d).

**1998**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

**1995**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–59 added subsec. (c).

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 designated existing provision as subsec. (a), inserted heading for subsec. (a), and added subsec. (b).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599 inserted provision listing situations which would not require the discontinuance, obstruction, or removal of any establishment for serving motor vehicle users.

**1961**—Pub. L. 87–61 substituted “to use or permit the use of the airspace above and below the established grade line of the highway pavement for such purposes as will not impair the full use and safety of the highway, as will not require or permit vehicular access to such space directly from such established grade line of the highway, or otherwise interfere” for “to use the airspace above and below the established grade line of the highway pavement for the parking of motor vehicles provided such use does not interfere”.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1310, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1219, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) establish an interstate oasis program; and

“(2) after providing an opportunity for public comment, develop standards for designating, as an interstate oasis, a facility that—

“(A) offers—

“(i) products and services to the public;

“(ii) 24-hour access to restrooms; and

“(iii) parking for automobiles and heavy trucks; and

“(B) meets other standards established by the Secretary.

“(b)

“(1) the appearance of a facility; and

“(2) the proximity of the facility to the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways.

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §111, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2106, provided that notwithstanding section 111 of this title before Oct. 1, 1983, any State could permit placement of vending machines in rest and recreation areas and in safety rest areas constructed or located on rights-of-way of National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] in such State. Such vending machines could only dispense such food, drink, and other articles as the State highway department determined were appropriate and desirable. Such vending machines could only be operated by the State. In permitting the placement of vending machines under this section, the State had to give priority to vending machines which were operated through the State licensing agency designated pursuant to section 2(a)(5) of the Act of June 20, 1936, known as the Randolph-Sheppard Act (20 U.S.C. 107a(a)(5)).

Section 153 of Pub. L. 95–599 authorized Secretary of Transportation to implement a demonstration project respecting placement of vending machines in rest and recreation areas and to report not later than two years after Nov. 6, 1978, on results of such project.

Section 104(b) of Pub. L. 87–61 authorized Secretary of Commerce [now Transportation], on application, to revise any agreement made prior to June 29, 1961, to extent that such agreement relates to utilization of space on rights-of-way on National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] to conform to section 111 of this title as amended by subsection (a).

(a) In all cases where the construction is to be performed by the State transportation department or under its supervision, a request for submission of bids shall be made by advertisement unless some other method is approved by the Secretary. The Secretary shall require such plans and specifications and such methods of bidding as shall be effective in securing competition.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)(F) 1 Subparagraphs (B), (C), (D) and (E) herein shall not apply to the States of West Virginia or Minnesota.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(i) do not preclude a State transportation department or local transportation agency, prior to compliance with section 102 of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4332), from—

(I) issuing requests for proposals;

(II) proceeding with awards of design-build contracts; or

(III) issuing notices to proceed with preliminary design work under design-build contracts;

(ii) require that the State transportation department or local transportation agency receive concurrence from the Secretary before carrying out an activity under clause (i); and

(iii) preclude the design-build contractor from proceeding with final design or construction of any permanent improvement prior to completion of the process under such section 102.

(E)

(c) The Secretary shall require as a condition precedent to his approval of each contract awarded by competitive bidding pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and subject to the provisions of this section, a sworn statement, executed by, or on behalf of, the person, firm, association, or corporation to whom such contract is to be awarded, certifying that such person, firm, association, or corporation has not, either directly or indirectly, entered into any agreement, participated in any collusion, or otherwise taken any action in restraint of free competitive bidding in connection with such contract.

(d) No contract awarded by competitive bidding pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and subject to the provisions of this section, shall be entered into by any State transportation department or local subdivision of the State without compliance with the provisions of this section, and without the prior concurrence of the Secretary in the award thereof.

(e)

(1)

(A) Site conditions.

(B) Suspensions of work ordered by the State (other than a suspension of work caused by the fault of the contractor or by weather).

(C) Material changes in the scope of work specified in the contract.

The guidelines established by the Secretary shall not require arbitration.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(f)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(A) develop separate pay items for the use of uniformed law enforcement officers, positive protective measures between workers and motorized traffic, and installation and maintenance of temporary traffic control devices during construction, utility, and maintenance operations; and

(B) incorporate such pay items into contract provisions to be included in each contract entered into by the State with respect to a highway project to ensure compliance with section 109(e)(2).

(3)

(4)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 90–495, §22(c), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 827; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §112(b)(1), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2239; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §112, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2106; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §111, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 147; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §307(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1205, 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1307(a), (b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 184, 193, 229, 230; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(e)(1), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1299; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1110(b), 1503, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1170, 1238; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, §174, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2426.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(D), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Section 1307(c) of the Transportation Equity Act for 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (b)(3)(D), is section 1307(c) of Pub. L. 105–178, which is set out as a note below.

**2005**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–115, §174(1), substituted “title 40” for “title 40 or equivalent State qualifications-based requirements”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B) to (D). Pub. L. 109–115, §174(2), (3), redesignated subpars. (C) to (E) as (B) to (D), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (B). Text read as follows:

“(i)

“(ii)

Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 109–115, §174(3), (4), redesignated subpar. (F) as (E) and substituted “subparagraph (D)” for “subparagraph (E)”. Former subpar. (E) redesignated (D).

Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 109–115, §174(5), which directed that subpar. (F) be amended by substituting “(F) Subparagraphs (B), (C), (D) and (E) herein shall not apply to the States of West Virginia or Minnesota.” for “ ‘State Option’ and all that follows through the period”, was executed by making the substitution for “

Pub. L. 109–115, §174(3), redesignated subpar. (G) as (F). Former subpar. (F) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (b)(2)(G). Pub. L. 109–115, §174(3), redesignated subpar. (G) as (F).

Subsec. (b)(3)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1503, added subpars. (C) and (D), redesignated former subpar. (D) as (E), and struck out former subpar. (C), which described a qualified project as one for which the Secretary had approved the use of design-build contracting under criteria specified in regulations and for which total costs had been estimated to exceed specified amounts.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1110(b), added subsec. (g), redesignated former subsec. (g) as (f), and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “The provisions of this section shall not be applicable to contracts for projects on the Federal-aid secondary system in those States where the Secretary has discharged his responsibility pursuant to section 117 of this title, except where employees of a political subdivision of a State are working on a project outside of such political subdivision.”

**2002**—Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted “chapter 11 of title 40” for “title IX of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949”.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1307(a)(1), substituted “paragraphs (2) and (3)” for “paragraph (2)”.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1307(a)(2), substituted “Subject to paragraph (3), each contract” for “Each contract”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1205(a), struck out before period at end “, except to the extent that such State adopts by statute a formal procedure for the procurement of such services”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B)(ii). Pub. L. 105–178, §1205(a), struck out before period at end “, except to the extent that such State adopts or has adopted by statute a formal procedure for the procurement of the services described in subparagraph (A)”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1307(a)(3), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1307(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, realigned margins, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1205(b), added subsec. (g).

**1995**—Subsec. (b)(2)(C) to (G). Pub. L. 104–59 added subpars. (C) to (G).

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §111(a), (b), (d), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, substituted “Subject to paragraph (2), construction” for “Construction” and inserted “or that an emergency exists”, added par. (2), and realigned margins.

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 100–17, §111(c), added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f).

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424, §112(1), substituted “unless the State highway department demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that some other method is more cost effective” for “unless the Secretary shall affirmatively find that, under the circumstances relating to such project, some other method is in the public interest” after “by competitive bidding,”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–424, §112(2), inserted exception relating to a situation where employees of a political subdivision of a State are working on a project outside of such political subdivision.

**1980**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–470 struck out provision that all findings by the Secretary that a method other than competitive bidding is in the public interest be reported in writing to the Committees on Public Works of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495 required that contracts for the construction of each project be awarded only on the basis of the lowest responsive bid by a bidder meeting established criteria of responsibility and required that, to be imposed as a condition precedent, requirements and obligations have been specifically set forth in the advertised specifications.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1307(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 231, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1307(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 230, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) identify the criteria to be used by the Secretary in approving the use by a State transportation department or local transportation agency of design-build contracting; and

“(B) establish the procedures to be followed by a State transportation department or local transportation agency for obtaining the Secretary's approval of the use of design-build contracting by the department or agency.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1307(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 231, provided that: “Nothing in this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section] or the amendments made by this section affects the authority to carry out, or any project carried out under, any experimental program concerning design-build contracting that is being carried out by the Secretary as of the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998].”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1307(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 231, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) an assessment of the effect of design-build contracting on project quality, project cost, and timeliness of project delivery;

“(B) recommendations on the appropriate level of design for design-build procurements;

“(C) an assessment of the impact of design-build contracting on small businesses;

“(D) assessment of the subjectivity used in design-build contracting; and

“(E) such recommendations concerning design-build contracting procedures as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1060, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2003, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1092, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2024, directed Secretary to establish pilot program to include no more than 10 States under which any contract or subcontract awarded in accordance with subsec. (b)(2)(A) of this section was to be performed and audited in compliance with cost principles contained in Federal acquisition regulations of part 41 of title 48 of Code of Federal Regulations, provided for indirect cost rates in lieu of performing audits, and required each State participating in pilot program to report to Secretary not later than 3 years after Dec. 18, 1991, on results of program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §307(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 582. See subsec. (b)(2)(C) to (F) of this section.

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6014, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2181, directed Secretary to conduct a study to evaluate whether or not current procurement practices of State departments and agencies were adequate to ensure that highway and transit systems were designed, constructed, and maintained so as to achieve a high quality for such systems at the lowest overall cost and, not later than 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, to transmit to Congress a report on the results of the study, together with an assessment of the need for establishing a national policy on transportation quality assurance and recommendations for appropriate legislative and administrative actions.

(a) The Secretary shall take such action as may be necessary to insure that all laborers and mechanics employed by contractors or subcontractors on the construction work performed on highway projects on the Federal-aid highways authorized under the highway laws providing for the expenditure of Federal funds upon the Federal-aid systems, shall be paid wages at rates not less than those prevailing on the same type of work on similar construction in the immediate locality as determined by the Secretary of Labor in accordance with sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40.

(b) In carrying out the duties of subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary of Labor shall consult with the highway department of the State in which a project on any of the Federal-aid systems is to be performed. After giving due regard to the information thus obtained, he shall make a predetermination of the minimum wages to be paid laborers and mechanics in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section which shall be set out in each project advertisement for bids and in each bid proposal form and shall be made a part of the contract covering the project.

(c) The provisions of the section shall not be applicable to employment pursuant to apprenticeship and skill training programs which have been certified by the Secretary of Transportation as promoting equal employment opportunity in connection with Federal-aid highway construction programs.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 895; Pub. L. 90–495, §12(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 821; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §149, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2131; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(5), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1006(g)(2), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1927; Pub. L. 107–217, §3(e)(2), Aug. 21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1299.)

**2002**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–217 substituted “sections 3141–3144, 3146, and 3147 of title 40” for “the Act of March 3, 1931, known as the Davis-Bacon Act (40 U.S.C. 276a)”.

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, which directed substitution of “highways” for “systems, the primary and secondary, as well as their extension in urban areas, and the Interstate system,” was executed by making the substitution for the quoted words which in the original contained the word “extensions” rather than “extension”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “March 3, 1931” for “August 30, 1935” and “276a” for “267a”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424 struck out “initial” after “subcontractors on the”.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495 extended wage rate provisions to the construction of all Federal-aid highway projects by amending provisions limiting them only to the Interstate System.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495 substituted “any of the Federal-aid systems” for “the Interstate System”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–495 added subsec. (c).

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) if such materials are produced by convicts who are on parole, supervised release, or probation from a prison; or

(B) if such materials are produced by convicts in a qualified prison facility and the amount of such materials produced in such facility for use in such construction during any 12-month period does not exceed the amount of such materials produced in such facility for use in such construction during the 12-month period ending July 1, 1987.

(3)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i) West of Livengood on the Elliot Highway.

(ii) Mile 0 on the Dalton Highway to the North Slope of Alaska; north of Mile 20 on the Taylor Highway.

(iii) East of Chicken on the Top of the World Highway and south of Tetlin Junction to the Alaska Canadian border.

(4)

(A)

(B)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(f), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §115, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 258; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §148, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2131; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, §226, Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 2030; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §112(a), (b)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 148; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1019, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1409(d), 1904(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1232, 1467.)

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1904(b), substituted “Federal-aid highway or a portion of a Federal-aid highway” for “highways or portions of highways located on a Federal-aid system” and “The Secretary shall have the right to conduct such inspections and take such corrective action as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.” for “Except as provided in section 117 of this title, such construction shall be subject to the inspection and approval of the Secretary.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1409(d), added subsec. (c).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in two places and “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

**1991**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, inserted “after July 1, 1991,” after “Materials produced” in introductory provisions.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §112(b)(1), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §112(b)(1), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Convict labor or materials produced by convict labor shall not be used in such construction unless it is labor performed by convicts who are on parole or probation.”

**1984**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–473 which directed the insertion of “, supervised release,” after “parole” effective Nov. 1, 1987, was not executed, because of intervening general amendment of subsec. (b) by Pub. L. 100–17, §112(a), which contained “, supervised release,” after “parole” wherever appearing.

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424 inserted “or materials produced by convict labor” after “Convict labor”.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87 amended last sentence generally. Prior to amendment, last sentence read as follows: “On any project where actual construction is in progress and visible to highway users, the State highway department shall erect such informational sign or signs as prescribed by the Secretary, identifying the project and the respective amounts contributed therefor by the State and Federal Governments.”

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–657 required State highway departments to erect, on any project where actual construction is in progress and visible to highway users, such informational sign or signs as prescribed by the Secretary, identifying the project and the respective contributions therefor by the State and Federal Governments.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective Nov. 1, 1987, and applicable only to offenses committed after the taking effect of this amendment, see section 235(a)(1) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3551 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1502, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1236, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) constructs, reconstructs, or rehabilitates a route or connection on a Federal-aid highway eligible for assistance under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code;

“(B) uses innovative technologies, manufacturing processes, financing, or contracting methods that improve safety, reduce congestion due to construction, and improve quality; and

“(C) meets additional criteria as determined by the Secretary.

“(3)

“(A) an identification and description of the projects to be delivered;

“(B) a description of how the projects will result in improved safety, faster construction, reduced congestion due to construction, user satisfaction, and improved quality;

“(C) a description of the innovative technologies, manufacturing processes, financing, and contracting methods that will be used for the proposed projects; and

“(D) such other information as the Secretary may require.

“(4)

“(A) address achieving the Highways for LIFE performance standards for quality, safety, and speed of construction;

“(B) deliver and deploy innovative technologies, manufacturing processes, financing, contracting practices, and performance measures that will demonstrate substantial improvements in safety, congestion, quality, and cost-effectiveness;

“(C) include innovation that will lead to change in the administration of the State's transportation program to more quickly construct long-lasting, high-quality, cost-effective projects that improve safety and reduce congestion;

“(D) are or will be ready for construction within 1 year of approval of the project proposal; and

“(E) meet such other criteria as the Secretary determines appropriate.

“(5)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(D)

“(6)

“(7)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(h)

Pub. L. 101–162, title II, §202, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1002, provided that: “During fiscal year 1990 and hereafter, materials produced by convict labor may be used in the construction of any highways or portion of highways located on Federal-aid systems, as described in section 103 of title 23, United States Code.”

Similar fiscal year provisions were contained in the following appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 100–459, title II, §202, Oct. 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 2199.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(a) [title II, §202], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329, 1329–15.

Pub. L. 99–500, §101(b) [title II, §202], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783–39, 1783–51, and Pub. L. 99–591, §101(b) [title II, §202], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341–39, 3341–51.

Pub. L. 99–180, title II, §202, Dec. 13, 1985, 99 Stat. 1146.

Pub. L. 98–411, title II, §202, Aug. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 1558, repealed by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §112(b)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 149.

Pub. L. 98–166, title II, §202, Nov. 28, 1983, 97 Stat. 1085.

(a)

(1) without the use of Federal funds; and

(2) in accordance with all procedures and requirements applicable to the project other than those procedures and requirements that limit the State to implementation of a project—

(A) with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned or allocated to the State; or

(B) with obligation authority previously allocated to the State.

(b)

(c)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 90–495, §25(a), (b), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 828, 829; Pub. L. 93–643, §111, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 96–106, §4, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §113, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2106; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §113(a)–(d)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 149, 150; Pub. L. 102–302, §103, June 22, 1992, 106 Stat. 252; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §308, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(*l*)(3)(A), 1106(c)(1)(A), 1226(a), title V, §5119(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126, 136, 452; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 837; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1501(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1235; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(j), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574.)

**2008**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 110–244 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

**2005**—Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1501(a)(2), added subsecs. (a) and (b) and struck out former subsecs. (a) and (b), which related to payment of the Federal share of the cost of congestion mitigation and air quality improvement, surface transportation, bridge, planning, and research projects and Interstate and National Highway System projects which have been subject to advance construction by a State.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §1501(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(A)(i), struck out “Substitute,” before “Congestion” in heading.

Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §§1106(c)(1)(A)(ii), 5119(d), struck out “103(e)(4)(H),” after “under section” and substituted “or 505” for “or 307”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(a)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(a), struck out designation and heading of par. (1), redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, realigned margins, and struck out former pars. (2) and (3), which related to bond interest for projects under construction on Jan. 1, 1983, and directed that Federal share of cost of construction would include amount of bond interest but not in excess of estimated costs over actual costs.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(A), substituted “104(b)(4)” for “104(b)(5)”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(a)(2), (3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(a), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “In determining the apportionment for any fiscal year under the provisions of section 103(e)(4), 104, 134, 144,, or 307 of this title, any such project constructed by a State without the aid of Federal funds shall not be considered completed until an application under the provisions of this section with respect to such project has been approved by the Secretary.”

**1995**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–59 amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows:

“(d)

**1992**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(1), in heading substituted “

Subsec. (a)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(2)(A), added cl. (i) and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: “has obligated all funds apportioned or allocated to it under section 103(e)(4)(H), section 104(b)(2), section 104(b)(6), section 104(f), section 130, section 144, section 152, or section 307 of this title, or”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(2)(B), added subpar. (A) and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “prior to commencement of the project the Secretary approves the plans and specifications therefor in the same manner as other projects, and”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(2)(C), struck out par. (3) which read as follows: “

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(3), (4), in heading substituted “

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(5), struck out “152” after “144,”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–302, §103(6), added subsec. (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: “

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, §113(d)(1)(A), substituted “Advance construction” for “Construction by States in advance of apportionment” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(a), amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows:

“(1) When a State has obligated all funds apportioned or allocated to it under section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144 of this title, other than Interstate funds, and proceeds to construct any highway substitute, Federal-aid system, or bridge project, respectively, other than an Interstate project funded under section 104(b)(5) of this title, without the aid of Federal funds in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to such a project, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit a State to the construction of projects with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned to it, the Secretary, upon application by such State and his approval of such application, is authorized to pay to such State the Federal share of the costs of construction of such project when additional funds are apportioned to such State under section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144, respectively, of this title if—

“(A) prior to the construction of the project the Secretary approves the plans and specifications therefor in the same manner as other projects, and

“(B) the project conforms to the applicable standards adopted under section 109 of this title.

“(2) The Secretary may not approve an application under this section unless an authorization for section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144 of this title, as the case may be, is in effect for the fiscal year for which the application is sought beyond the currently authorized funds for such State. No application may be approved which will exceed the State's expected apportionment of such authorizations.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(b), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(b), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “When a State proceeds to construct any project on the Interstate System without the aid of Federal funds, as that System may be designated at that time, in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to projects on such System, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit a State to the construction of projects with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned to it, the Secretary, upon application by such State and his approval of such application, is authorized to pay to such State the Federal share of the cost of construction of such project when additional funds are apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title if—

“(A) prior to the construction of the project the Secretary approves the plans and specifications therefor in the same manner as other projects on the Interstate System, and

“(B) the project conforms to the applicable standards under section 109 of this title.”

Subsec. (b)(2), (3). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(d)(1)(B)–(D), inserted headings and aligned pars. (2) and (3) with par. (1), as amended.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(d)(1)(E), (F), inserted heading and substituted “134, 144, 152, or 307” for “or 144”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17, §113(c), added subsec. (d).

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §113(c), designated existing provisions as pars. (1) and (2) and designated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, of par. (1); in par. (1) as so redesignated, substituted “When a State has obligated all funds appropriated or allocated to it under section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144 of this title, other than “interstate funds, and proceeds to construct any highway substitute, Federal-aid system, or bridge project, respectively, other than an Interstate project funded under section 104(b)(5) of this title, without the aid of Federal funds in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to such a project, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit a State to the construction of projects with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned to it, the Secretary, upon application by such State and his approval of such application, is authorized to pay to such State the Federal share of the costs of construction of such project when additional funds are apportioned to such State under section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144, respectively, of this title if—”, for “When a State has obligated all funds for any of the Federal-aid systems, other than the Interstate System, apportioned to it under section 104 of this title, and proceeds to construct any project without the aid of Federal funds, including one or more parts of any project, on any of the Federal-aid systems in such State, other than the Interstate System, as any of those systems may be designated at that time, in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to projects on any such system, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit a State to the construction of projects with the aid of Federal funds previously apportioned to it, the Secretary, upon application by such State and his approval of such application, is authorized to pay to such State the Federal share of the costs of construction of such project when additional funds are apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title if—”; in subpar. (A) thereof struck out “on the Federal-aid system involved” after “other projects”; and in par. (2) as so designated inserted “for section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144 of this title, as the case may be,” after “unless authorization”, and made a new sentence of existing provisions, beginning with “No application”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 97–424, §113(a), substituted “1983” for “1978” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 97–424, §113(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424, §113(d), substituted “section 103(e)(4), 104, or 144” for “section 104” after “provisions of”.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–106 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and cls. (1) and (2) thereof as subpars. (A) and (B) and added par. (2).

**1975**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–643, §111(a), substituted “other than the Interstate System” for “including the Interstate System” in two places.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 93–643, §111(b), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, §25(a), extended advance construction authority to all the Federal-aid highway systems rather than just the Interstate System but provided that anticipation of future apportionments by States should only be permitted for those years for which authorizations have been established by law.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495, §25(b), struck out reference to subsec. (b)(5) of section 104 of this title.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

(a) It shall be the duty of the State transportation department to maintain, or cause to be maintained, any project constructed under the provisions of this chapter or constructed under the provisions of prior Acts. The State's obligation to the United States to maintain any such project shall cease when it no longer constitutes a part of a Federal-aid system.

(b) In any State wherein the State transportation department is without legal authority to maintain a project constructed on the Federal-aid secondary system, or within a municipality, such transportation department shall enter into a formal agreement for its maintenance with the appropriate officials of the county or municipality in which such project is located.

(c) If at any time the Secretary shall find that any project constructed under the provisions of this chapter, or constructed under the provisions of prior Acts, is not being properly maintained, he shall call such fact to the attention of the State transportation department. If, within ninety days after receipt of such notice, such project has not been put in proper condition of maintenance, the Secretary shall withhold approval of further projects of all types in the State highway district, municipality, county, other political or administrative subdivision of the State, or the entire State in which such project is located, whichever the Secretary deems most appropriate, until such project shall have been put in proper condition of maintenance.

(d)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 896; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(2), (e)(3), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145, 146; Pub. L. 90–495, §26, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 829; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §124(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2705; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §114, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2107; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §125(b)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §309, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1111(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171.)

**2005**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “such transportation department” for “such highway department”.

**1998**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

**1995**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 104–59 added subsec. (d).

**1987**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 100–17 struck out subsecs. (d) and (e) which read as follows:

“(d) The Secretary in consultation with the State highway departments and interested and knowledgeable private organizations and individuals shall as soon as possible establish national bridge inspection standards in order to provide for the proper safety inspection of bridges. Such standards shall specify in detail the method by which inspections shall be conducted by the State highway departments, the maximum time lapse between inspections and the qualifications for those charged with the responsibility for carrying out such inspections. Each State shall be required to maintain written reports to be available to the Secretary pursuant to such inspections together with a notation of the action taken pursuant to the findings of such inspections. Each State shall be required to maintain a current inventory of all bridges.

“(e) The Secretary shall establish in cooperation with the State highway departments a program designed to train appropriate employees of the Federal Government and the State governments to carry out bridge inspections. Such a program shall be revised from time to time in light of new or improved techniques. For the purposes of this section the Secretary may use funds made available pursuant to the provisions of section 104(a) and section 307(a) of this title.”

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 substituted “State highway district, municipality, county, other political or administrative subdivision of the State, or the entire State in which such project is located, whichever the Secretary deems most appropriate,” for “entire State” after “all types in the”, and struck out exception for a situation where such project was subject to an agreement pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, in which case approval was to have been withheld only for secondary or urban projects in the county or municipality where such project is located.

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 struck out provisions limiting provisions of the subsection to the Federal-aid system.

**1968**—Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 90–495 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(3), substituted “It” for “Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, it”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(2), repealed subsec. (d) which related to expenditure of funds apportioned to the Territory of Alaska and contributed by the Territory for the maintenance of roads.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by section 21(d)(2) of Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 21(d) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 103 of this title.

Amendment by section 21(e)(3) of Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 21(e) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 163 of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary to enter into appropriate arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a complete investigation of the appropriateness of establishing minimum Federal guidelines for maintenance of the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and urban systems and, not later than 18 months after entering into appropriate arrangements, the National Academy of Sciences was to submit to Secretary and Congress a report on the results of the investigation and study together with recommendations (including legislative and administrative recommendations) concerning establishment of minimum Federal guidelines for maintenance of the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and urban systems.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(b)

(1) 11 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 1998;

(2) 15 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 1999;

(3) 18 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2000;

(4) 18 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2001;

(5) 19 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2002; and

(6) 19 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2003.

(c)

(1) 20 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2005;

(2) 20 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2006;

(3) 20 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2007;

(4) 20 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2008; and

(5) 20 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2009.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1) has obligated all funds allocated under this section and section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century or section 1701 1 of the SAFETEA–LU, as the case may be, for such project; and

(2) proceeds to construct such project without the aid of Federal funds in accordance with all procedures and all requirements applicable to such project, except insofar as such procedures and requirements limit the State to the construction of projects with the aid of Federal funds previously allocated to it;

the Secretary, upon the approval of the application of a State, shall pay to the State the Federal share of the cost of construction of the project when additional funds are allocated for such project under this section and such section 1602 or 1702, as the case may be.

(g)

(h)

(i)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1601(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 255; amended Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §363], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–36; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1701(a)–(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1254–1256; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(k), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574.)

TEA–21 and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(A), (b), (d), (f)(1), and (h), are Pub. L. 105–178, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, as amended. Section 1102(g) of the Act was formerly set out as a note under section 104 of this title. Section 1602 of the Act, 112 Stat. 256, is not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 105–178, set out as a Short Title of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title and Tables.

The SAFETEA–LU and the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2)(B), (c), (f)(1), and (h), are Pub. L. 109–59, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144. Section 1102(g) of the Act is set out as a note under section 104 of this title. Section 1702 of the Act, 119 Stat. 1256, is not classified to the Code. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

A prior section 117, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 897; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §116(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 258; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §116, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 97–449, §5(d)(1), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2442; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1016(f)(2), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1946, related to certification acceptance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1601(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 255.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(k)(3), inserted “(112 Stat. 257)” after “21st Century”.

Subsec. (a)(2)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(k)(4), substituted “subsection (c)” for “subsection (b)” and “Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (119 Stat. 1256)” for “SAFETEA–LU”.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(k)(2), redesignated subsec. (c), relating to Federal share, as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsecs. (e) to (i). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(k)(1), redesignated subsecs. (d) to (h) as (e) to (i), respectively.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary is authorized to carry out high priority projects with funds made available to carry out the high priority projects program under this section. Of amounts made available to carry out this section, the Secretary, subject to subsection (b), shall make available to carry out each project described in section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century the amount listed for such project in such section. Any amounts made available to carry out such program that are not allocated for projects described in such section shall be available to the Secretary, subject to subsection (b), to carry out such other high priority projects as the Secretary determines appropriate.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(b), amended heading and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For each project to be carried out with funds made available to carry out the high priority projects program under this section—

“(1) 11 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 1998;

“(2) 15 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 1999;

“(3) 18 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2000;

“(4) 18 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2001;

“(5) 19 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2002; and

“(6) 19 percent of such amount shall be available for obligation beginning in fiscal year 2003.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(b), added subsec. (c) relating to SAFETEA–LU projects.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(c)(2), substituted “such section 1602 or 1702, as the case may be” for “section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(c)(1), inserted “or section 1701 of the SAFETEA–LU, as the case may be,” after “21st Century”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1701(d), inserted “or section 1102(g) of the SAFETEA–LU, as the case may be” before period at end.

**2000**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 106–346 inserted before period at end “; except that the Federal share on account of the project to be carried out under item 1419 of the table contained in section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (112 Stat. 309), relating to reconstruction of a road and causeway in Shiloh Military Park in Hardin County, Tennessee, shall be 100 percent of the total cost thereof”.

1 So in original. Probably should be “1702”.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) the State has obligated or demonstrates that it will obligate in the fiscal year all of its apportionments under section 104(b)(4) other than an amount that, by itself, is insufficient to pay the Federal share of the cost of a project for resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstructing the Interstate System that has been submitted by the State to the Secretary for approval; and

(B) the applicant is willing and able to—

(i) obligate the funds within 1 year of the date the funds are made available;

(ii) apply the funds to a ready-to-commence project; and

(iii) in the case of construction work, begin work within 90 days after obligation.

(3)

(4)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) credited to the same class of funds previously apportioned or allocated to the State for the project; and

(B) immediately available for obligation.

(3)

(e) 1 Funds made available to the State of Alaska and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico under this title may be expended for construction of access and development roads that will serve resource development, recreational, residential, commercial, industrial, or other like purposes.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 897; Pub. L. 89–574, §7(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §117(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §115(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2697; Pub. L. 96–106, §5(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §115, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2107; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§114(a)–(c), (e)(2)–(4), 115, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 150–153; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1020, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 102–388, title IV, §409, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1106(c)(1)(B), 1107(b), 1226(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, 137; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 837; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1111(a), 1501(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171, 1235.)

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

**2005**—Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1111(a), substituted “$100,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009” for “$50,000,000 in fiscal year 1998 and $100,000,000 in each of fiscal years 1999 through 2003”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §1501(b), amended heading and text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Any Federal-aid highway funds released by the final payment on a project, or by the modification of the project agreement, shall be credited to the same program funding category previously apportioned to the State and shall be immediately available for expenditure.”

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(b)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(a), struck out “; Discretionary Projects” after “Availability” in heading.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to set asides for interstate discretionary projects, including set asides for construction projects and for 4R projects.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(B), which directed the redesignation of subsec. (e) as (d) and the striking out of former subsec. (d), was executed by redesignating the subsec. (e) added by Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(b)(2) as (d), and striking out former subsec. (d), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Former subsec. (d) read as follows: “In addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this section, an amount equal to the amount by which the unobligated apportionment for the Interstate System in any State is reduced under section 103(e)(4) of this title on account of the withdrawal of a route or portion thereof on the Interstate System, which withdrawal is approved after the date of enactment of this subsection, shall be available to the Secretary for obligation in accordance with subsection (b)(1) of this section.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Subsec. (e) as added by Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(b)(2), redesignated (d), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(b)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–226, §9003(a), which directed the addition of subsec. (e) and the striking out of former subsec. (e), was executed by adding subsec. (e) and striking out the former subsec. (e) as in effect before the redesignation of subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively, by Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(B)(ii), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Former subsec. (e) read as follows: “The total payments to any State shall not at any time during a current fiscal year exceed the total of all apportionments to such State in accordance with section 104 of this title for such fiscal year and all preceding fiscal years.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e).

**1992**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 102–388 substituted “construction in a State (other than Massachusetts)” for “construction in a State” and “after October 1, 1989” for “before October 1, 1989”.

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “On and after the date that the Secretary has certified to each State highway department the sums apportioned to each Federal-aid system or part thereof pursuant to an authorization under this title, or under prior Acts, such sums shall be available for expenditure under the provisions of this title.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(a), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which contained provisions relating to periods of availability of non-Interstate funds, Interstate construction funds, and funds for resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating and reconstructing Interstate System, and provisions deeming obligation of funds as equivalent to expenditure and relating to effect of release of funds.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(b)(1), (2), substituted “1992” for “1983” and “$100,000,000” for “$300,000,000”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(b)(3), added par. (2) and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: “

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(c), substituted “(b)(1)” for “(b)(2)”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1020(d), struck out “on a Federal-aid system” after “roads”.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(2), substituted “Availability of funds” for “Availability of sums apportioned” in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(3)(A), inserted heading.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(3)(B), (D), inserted heading and aligned par. (1) with par. (2) as amended.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(a), amended par. (2) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) to (F) provisions formerly contained in an undivided paragraph.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(c), amended par. (3) generally, revising and restating as subpars. (A) to (D) provisions formerly contained in an undivided paragraph.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(e)(3)(C), (D), inserted heading and aligned par. (4) with par. (2) as amended.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §114(b), (e)(4), inserted heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, substituted “Subject to section 149(d) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, such amount” for “Such amount” in par. (1), added par. (2), and aligned par. (1) with par. (2).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–17, §115, inserted “and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” after “the State of Alaska”.

**1983**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424, §115(a), designated existing provisions as pars. (1) through (4), in par. (2) as so designated, substituted “for projects on the Interstate System (other than projects for which sums are apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B)) in accordance with the following priorities: First, for high cost projects which directly contribute to the completion of an Interstate segment which is not open to traffic; and second, for projects of high cost in relation to a State's apportionment. Sums may only be made available under this paragraph in any State” for “to any other State applying for such funds for the Interstate System,” after “available by the Secretary”, struck out former cl. (1), which had required readiness to obligate funds within one year of the date the funds are made available, redesignated former cls. (2) and (3) as (A) and (B), respectively; and in par. (3) as so designated, struck out “and any amounts so apportioned remaining unexpended at the end of such period shall lapse” after “such sums are authorized”, inserted provision relating to the disposition of funds not obligated within the prescribed time period, and inserted further provision that sums made available under this paragraph shall remain available until expended.

Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 97–424, §115(b), added subsecs. (c) and (d) and redesignated former subsecs. (c) and (d) as (e) and (f), respectively.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–106 substituted “shall continue to be available for expenditure in that State for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which such sums are authorized and any amounts so apportioned remaining unexpended at the end of such period shall lapse” for “remaining unexpended at the end of the period of its availability shall lapse”.

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted provisions relating to the availability of funds until the end of the fiscal year for provisions relating to the availability of funds until two years after the close of the fiscal year and substituted provisions establishing requirements for eligibility for funds for provisions calling for immediate reapportionment of unexpended funds.

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, in revising text, provided for a separate three year period of availability of sums apportioned to a Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System), increased from the previously applicable two year period; continued the existing two year period for sums apportioned to the Interstate System; substituted provision for reapportionment of sums, apportioned to the States for the Interstate System under section 104(b)(4)(A), under section 104(b)(5)(A) of this title and for lapse of sums apportioned to the Interstate System under section 104(b)(4)(B) of this title for prior provision for reapportionment of sums, apportioned to the States for the Interstate System under section 104(b)(4) and (5), under section 104(b)(5) of this title; and substituted provisions deeming there to be an expenditure of sums apportioned to a Federal-aid system if a sum equal to the total of the sums apportioned to the State for the fiscal year and previous fiscal years is obligated for prior provision deeming an expenditure to exist if a sum equal to the total of the sums apportioned to the States for the fiscal year and previous fiscal years is covered by formal project agreements providing for the expenditure of funds authorized by each Act which contains provisions authorizing the appropriation of funds for Federal-aid highways.

**1966**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–574 added subsec. (d).

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 96–106 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to all amounts apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B) of title 23, United States Code, for the fiscal year 1978 and for subsequent fiscal years.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1603, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1248, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A)

“(i) allocated before fiscal year 1991; and

“(ii) designated in a public law, or a report accompanying a public law, for allocation for the specific surface transportation project or activity.

“(B)

“(2)

“(A) funds obligated for a specific transportation project or activity that remain available for the project or activity after the project or activity has been completed or canceled; or

“(B) an unobligated balance of funds allocated for a transportation project or activity that the State in which the project or activity was to be carried out certifies are no longer needed for the project or activity.

“(3)

“(A) an obligated balance of Federal funds for an eligible transportation project or activity against which no expenditures have been charged during any 1-year period beginning after the date of obligation of the funds; and

“(B) funds that are available to carry out a transportation project or activity in a State, but, as certified by the State, are unlikely to be advanced for the project or activity during the 1-year period beginning on the date of certification.

“(b)

“(1) made available in accordance with this section to the State that originally received the funds; and

“(2) available for obligation for any eligible purpose under section 133 of title 23, United States Code.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(1) obligate the funds for any eligible purpose under section 133 of title 23, United States Code; or

“(2)(A) deobligate the funds; and

“(B) reobligate the funds for any eligible purpose under that section.

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) allocated at the discretion of the Secretary [of Transportation] and for which the Secretary has the authority to withdraw the allocation for use on other projects; or

“(B) made available to carry out projects under section 125 of title 23, United States Code.

“(f)

“(1)

“(A) shall remain available for obligation for a period of 3 fiscal years after the fiscal year in which this Act is enacted; and

“(B) except as provided in paragraph (2), shall be subject to the requirements of title 23, United States Code, that apply to section 133 of that title, including provisions relating to Federal share.

“(2)

“(A) section 133(d) of title 23, United States Code, shall not apply; and

“(B) the period of availability of the eligible funds shall be determined in accordance with this section.

“(g)

“(h)

1 See 1998 Amendment note below.

(a)

(1)

(A) routes on the Interstate System designated under section 103(c)(1) and, in Alaska and Puerto Rico, under section 103(c)(4)(A);

(B) routes on the Interstate System designated before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century under subsections (a) and (b) of section 139 (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of such Act); and

(C) any segments that become part of the Interstate System under section 1105(e)(5) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991.

(2)

(3)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) in fiscal year 1987, an amount not to exceed 20 percent of the funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(4) which are not obligated at the time of the transfer; and

(B) in any fiscal year thereafter, an amount not to exceed 20 percent of the funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(4) for such fiscal year.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §116(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2698; amended Pub. L. 96–106, §18, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 799; Pub. L. 97–134, §§6, 7, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1701; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §116(a)(1), (2), (b), (c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2109; Pub. L. 98–229, §8(b), Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 56; Pub. L. 99–190, §101(e) [title III, §327], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1267, 1289; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §116(a)–(c)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 154, 155; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(b)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1009(a), (b), (e)(1), (3)–(5), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1933, 1934; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1107(a), (d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 137; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(f), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836.)

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1)(B) and (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

Section 1105(e)(5) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(C), is section 1105(e)(5) of Pub. L. 102–240 (see 109 Stat. 597) which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1012(d) of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 1012(d) of Pub. L. 102–240, which is set out as a note under section 129 of this title.

Section 120(c) of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is section 120(c) of Pub. L. 100–17, which is not classified to the Code.

A prior section 119, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 899, related to administration of Federal aid for highways in Alaska, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(3), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145, effective July 1, 1959.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary may approve projects for resurfacing, restoring and rehabilitating routes on the Interstate System designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title and routes on the Interstate System designated before the date of enactment of this sentence under section 139(a) and (b) of this title; except that the Secretary may only approve a project pursuant to this subsection on a toll road if such road is subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in subsection (e). Sums authorized to be appropriated for this section shall be out of the Highway Trust Fund and shall be apportioned in accordance with section 104(b)(5)(B) of this title.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(d)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(f), substituted “104(b)(4)” for “104(b)(5)(B)” in first sentence and “104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the date before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “104(b)(5)(A)” in two places.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “Not later than one year after the date of issuance of initial guidelines under section 109(m) of this title each State shall have a program for the Interstate system in accordance with such guidelines. Each State shall certify on January 1st of each year that it has such a program and the Interstate system is maintained in accordance with that program. If a State fails to certify as required or if the Secretary determines a State is not adequately maintaining the Interstate system in accordance with such program then the next apportionment of funds to such State for the Interstate system shall be reduced by amounts equal to 10 per centum of the amount which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title. If, within one year from the date the apportionment for a State is reduced under this subsection, the Secretary determines that such State is maintaining the Interstate system in accordance with the guidelines the apportionment of such State shall be increased by an amount equal to the reduction. If the Secretary does not make such a determination within such one year period the amount so withheld shall be reapportioned to all other eligible States.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(d)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(f), substituted “104(b)(4)” for “104(b)(5)(B)” wherever appearing.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (f) as (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “Activities authorized in subsection (a) may include the reconstruction of bridges, interchanges, and over crossings along existing Interstate routes, including the acquisition of right-of-way where necessary, but shall not include the construction of new travel lanes other than high occupancy vehicle lanes or auxiliary lanes.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (b).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(2), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “Preventive maintenance activities shall be eligible under this section when a State can demonstrate, through its pavement management system, that such activities are a cost-effective means of extending Interstate pavement life.”

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1107(a)(3), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (c) and (d), respectively.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(1), substituted “maintenance program” for “System resurfacing” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(5)(A), (B), substituted “and rehabilitating” for “, rehabilitating, and reconstructing” and struck out at end “The Federal share for any project under this subsection shall be that set forth in section 120(c) of this title.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(3), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “Reconstructing as authorized in subsection (a) of this section may include, but is not limited to, the addition of travel lanes and the construction and reconstruction of interchanges and overcrossings along existing completed interstate routes, including the acquisition of right-of-way where necessary.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(4), amended subsec. (e) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing Secretary to approve projects on toll roads only after reaching agreement with State highway department and public authorities that road will become free upon collection of tolls sufficient to liquidate cost of road and outstanding bonds and cost of maintenance, operation and debt service during period of toll collections, provisions relating to repayment to Federal Treasury, or reduction in apportionment, if road did not become free after collection of sufficient tolls, and provisions requiring pre-existing agreements to be treated as agreements under subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(5)(C), substituted “Surface Transportation Program” for “Primary System” in heading.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(b), (e)(5)(D), (E), substituted “or rehabilitating” for “rehabilitating, or reconstructing”, substituted “sections 104(b)(1) and 104(b)(3)” for “section 104(b)(1)”, and inserted “the State is adequately maintaining the Interstate System and” after “routes and”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(e)(5)(E), substituted “sections 104(b)(1) and 104(b)(3)” for “section 104(b)(1)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–240, §1009(a), added subsec. (g).

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §116(c)(1), substituted “subsection (e)” for “section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17, §116(a), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “Upon application by a State and approval by the Secretary, the Secretary may authorize the transfer of so much of the amount apportioned to such State for any fiscal year under paragraph (5)(A) of subsection (b) of section 104 of this title, as does not exceed the Federal share of the cost of segments of the Interstate System open to traffic in such State (other than high occupancy vehicle lanes), in the most recent cost estimate, to the apportionment under paragraph (5)(B) of subsection (b) of section 104 of this title, except that not more than 50 per centum of the total apportionment under such paragraph (5)(A) for a fiscal year shall be transferred under this subsection for such fiscal year. The next cost estimate submitted to Congress under paragraph (5)(A) of subsection (b) of such section 104 of the cost of completing segments of the Interstate System open to traffic in that State (other than high occupancy vehicle lanes) shall be reduced for such State in an amount equal to the amount transferred under this subsection. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, and for the purposes of this subsection, the phrase ‘segments of the interstate system open to traffic’ shall include a proposed four-lane, limited access highway, 6.4 miles in length, the construction of which will relocate to a southern alignment a portion of an existing interstate highway which was originally built without the aid of funds authorized by section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended, and which connects to the east with an interstate highway on which tolls are charged. The construction of the proposed highway shall include a bridge over the Monongahela River.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–17, §116(b), added subsec. (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted “amount not to exceed” for “amount equal to” in par. (2)(B).

Pub. L. 100–17, §116(b), added subsec. (f).

**1985**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–190 inserted provisions which brought within the phrase “segments of the interstate system open to traffic” a proposed four-lane limited access highway, 6.4 miles in length, the construction of which will relocate to a southern alignment a portion of an existing highway originally built without the aid of Federal funds, connecting to the east with an interstate highway on which tolls are charged, with the proposed highway to include a bridge over the Monongahela River.

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–229 substituted provision authorizing the Secretary to approve projects designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title and routes on the Interstate System designated before Mar. 9, 1984, under section 139(a) and (b) of this title for provision authorizing the Secretary, beginning with funds apportioned for the fiscal year 1980, to approve projects under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title and, beginning with funds apportioned for fiscal year 1984, to approve routes or portions thereof on the Interstate System designated before Jan. 6, 1983, under section 139(a) of this title, which routes or portions were so designated in conjunction with the withdrawal of approval of another route or portion on the Interstate System under section 103(e)(4) of this title and provision that the Federal share be that as set forth in section 120(c) of this title for provision that the Federal share be that as set forth in section 120(a) of this title and that effective on or after Dec. 29, 1981, the Federal share be that as set forth in section 120(c) of this title.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §116(a)(1), inserted provision that, additionally, beginning with funds apportioned for fiscal year 1984, the Secretary may approve projects for resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstructing those routes or portions thereof on the Interstate System designated before Jan. 6, 1983, under section 139(a) of this title (other than routes on toll roads not subject to a Secretarial agreement provided for in section 105 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978) which routes or portions were so designated in conjunction with the withdrawal of approval of another route or portion thereof on the Interstate System under section 103(e)(4) of this title.

Pub. L. 97–424, §116(a)(2), substituted “under this subsection” for “designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title” before “shall be that set forth in section 120(c) of this title”.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 97–424, §116(b), redesignated the second of two sections designated (b) as (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424, §116(c), added subsec. (d).

**1981**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–134, §§6(a), 7, substituted “rehabilitating, and reconstructing routes of the Interstate System designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title” for “and rehabilitating those lanes in use for more than five years on the Interstate System”, and inserted provision that effective on and after Dec. 29, 1981, the Federal share for projects financed by funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B) of this title for resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstructing routes of the Interstate System designated under sections 103 and 139(c) of this title shall be that set forth in section 120(c) of this title.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–134, §6(b), added subsec. (b) providing that reconstruction may include the addition of travel lanes and the construction and reconstruction of interchanges and overcrossings along existing completed interstate routes, including the acquisition of right-of-way where necessary.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–106 substituted “January 1st” for “October 1st” and “next apportionment of funds to such State” for “funds apportioned to such State for that fiscal year”.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1107(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 138, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) the expected condition of the Interstate System over the next 10 years and the needs of States and metropolitan planning organizations to reconstruct and improve the Interstate System;

“(B) the resources necessary to maintain and improve the Interstate System; and

“(C) the means to ensure that the Nation's surface transportation program can—

“(i) address the needs identified in subparagraph (A); and

“(ii) allow for States to address any extraordinary needs.

“(2)

Section 1009(c) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “The Secretary shall develop and make available to the States criteria for determining—

“(1) what share of any project funded under section 119 of title 23, United States Code, is attributable to the expansion of the capacity of an Interstate highway or bridge; and

“(2) what constitutes adequate maintenance of the Interstate System for the purposes of section 119(f)(1) of title 23, United States Code.”

Section 142 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that:

“(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares that it is in the national interest to encourage and promote utilization by the States of highway and bridge surfacing, resurfacing, or restoration materials which are produced from recycled materials or which contain asphalt additives to strengthen the materials. Such materials conserve energy and reduce the cost of resurfacing or restoring our highways.

“(b) The Secretary of Transportation is hereby authorized for each of the fiscal years through September 30, 1985, to increase the Federal share as provided in sections 119, 120, and 144 of title 23, United States Code, by 5 per centum of any project submitted by the State highway departments which contains in the plans, specifications, and estimates submitted pursuant to section 106, of title 23, United States Code, the use of the materials described in subsection (a). To be eligible for such supplemental Federal assistance, significant amounts of asphalt additives or recycled materials must be used in each project approved by the Secretary.

“(c) The Secretary shall establish a procedure within ninety days of the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983] for increasing the Federal share under this section.”

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1) 80 percent of the cost thereof, except that in the case of any State containing nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal, and public domain lands (both reserved and unreserved) exclusive of national forests and national parks and monuments, exceeding 5 percent of the total area of all lands therein, the Federal share, for purposes of this chapter, shall be increased by a percentage of the remaining cost equal to the percentage that the area of all such lands in such State, is of its total area; or

(2) 80 percent of the cost thereof, except that in the case of any State containing nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal, public domain lands (both reserved and unreserved), national forests, and national parks and monuments, the Federal share, for purposes of this chapter, shall be increased by a percentage of the remaining cost equal to the percentage that the area of all such lands in such State is of its total area;

except that the Federal share payable on any project in a State shall not exceed 95 percent of the total cost of any such project. In any case where a State elects to have the Federal share provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the State must enter into an agreement with the Secretary covering a period of not less than 1 year, requiring such State to use solely for purposes eligible for assistance under this title (other than paying its share of projects approved under this title) during the period covered by such agreement the difference between the State's share as provided in paragraph (2) and what its share would be if it elected to pay the share provided in paragraph (1) for all projects subject to such agreement. In the case of any project subject to this subsection, a State may determine a lower Federal share than the Federal share determined under the preceding sentences of this subsection.

(c)

(1)

(2) CMAQ

(d) The Secretary may rely on a statement from the Secretary of the Interior as to the area of the lands referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this section. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized and directed to provide such statement annually.

(e)

(f) The Secretary is authorized to cooperate with the State transportation departments and with the Department of the Interior in the construction of Federal-aid highways within Indian reservations and national parks and monuments under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior and to pay the amount assumed therefor from the funds apportioned in accordance with section 104 of this title to the State wherein the reservations and national parks and monuments are located.

(g) At the request of any State, the Secretary may from time to time enter into agreements with such State to reimburse the State for the Federal share of the costs of preliminary and construction engineering at an agreed percentage of actual construction costs for each project, in lieu of the actual engineering costs for such project. The Secretary shall annually review each such agreement to insure that such percentage reasonably represents the engineering costs actually incurred by such State.

(h) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section or of this title, the Federal share payable on account of any project under this title in the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, or the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall be 100 per centum of the total cost of the project.

(i)

(j)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(3)

(A)

(i) shall not expose the agency to additional liability, additional regulation, or additional administrative oversight; and

(ii) shall not subject the agency to any additional Federal design standards or laws (including regulations) as a result of providing the non-Federal share other than those to which the agency is already subject.

(B)

(k)

(*l*)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 898; Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(4), (e)(4), June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 145, 146; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §107(b), Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 86–657, §3, July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522; Pub. L. 88–658, Oct. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 1090; Pub. L. 89–574, §9(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 90–495, §§27(b), 34, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 829, 835; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(f), 108(a), 109(b), 128, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1718, 1719, 1731; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§117, 129(a)–(c), (i), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2699, 2707, 2708; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§109(b), 117, 123(a), 153(f), 156(c), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2105, 2109, 2113, 2133, 2134; Pub. L. 98–78, title III, §318, Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 473; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §117(a)–(c)(1), (d), (e), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 155, 156; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1021(a), (b), 1022(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1950, 1951; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §310(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 104–205, title III, §353(a), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2980; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1111(a)–(c), 1113(a), (c), formerly (d), 1115(a), (f)(1), 1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 145, 151, 152, 154, 193; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §§9002(i), 9006(a)(2), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836, 848; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1111(b)(2), 1116(c), 1119(a), 1905, 1947, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171, 1177, 1181, 1467, 1513; Pub. L. 110–140, title XI, §1131, Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1763.)

**2007**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–140 struck out “for Certain Safety Projects” after “Share” in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. (1) heading, and added par. (2).

**2005**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1947, inserted “traffic circles (also known as ‘roundabouts’),” after “traffic control signalization,”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1111(b)(2), substituted “such highway” for “such system” in first sentence.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §1116(c), inserted “and the Appalachian development highway system program under section 14501 of title 40” after “section 125”.

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1905, designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, and substituted subpars. (B) and (C) for “Such public, quasi-public, or private agencies shall have built, improved, or maintained such facilities without Federal funds.”

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(a)(1), struck out “Federal-aid highway” before “project” and substituted “this title or chapter 53 of title 49” for “section 104”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(a)(2), substituted “this title or chapter 53 of title 49” for “section 104”.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1111(a)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, realigned margins, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1111(a)(2), inserted at end of concluding provisions “In the case of any project subject to this subsection, a State may determine a lower Federal share than the Federal share determined under the preceding sentences of this subsection.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1111(b), inserted “or transit vehicles” after “emergency vehicles” in first sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(c), formerly §1113(d), renumbered §1113(c) by Pub. L. 105–206, §9006(a)(2), substituted “and (b)” for “and (c)” and “180 days” for “90 days”.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(a), substituted “highway” for “highway system” in first sentence.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(f)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(i), redesignated subsec. (j), relating to use of Federal land management agency funds, as (k).

Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(a), added subsec. (j) relating to use of Federal land management agency funds.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1111(c), added subsec. (j) relating to credit for non-Federal share.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(f)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(i), redesignated subsec. (j), relating to use of Federal land management agency funds, as (k). Former subsec. (k) redesignated (*l*).

Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(a), added subsec. (k).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(f)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(i), redesignated subsec. (k) as (*l*).

**1996**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–205 inserted “rail-highway crossing closure,” after “carpooling and vanpooling,”.

**1995**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–59 inserted “safety rest areas,” after “signalization,” and inserted sentence at end defining “safety rest area”.

**1991**—Subsecs. (a) to (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(a), added subsecs. (a) to (c) and struck out former subsec. (a) which contained provisions relating to Federal share of Federal-aid primary, secondary and urban system projects, former subsec. (b) which contained provisions relating to Federal share of Interstate System projects financed with funds authorized to be appropriated prior to June 29, 1956, and former subsec. (c) which contained provisions relating to Federal share of Interstate System projects financed with funds made available under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1022(a), which directed the substitution of “180 days” for “90 days” in subsec. (d) as redesignated, could not be executed because the phrase “90 days” does not appear in subsec. (d) as redesignated.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(3), which directed the substitution of “and (b)” for “and (c)” in subsec. (d) as redesignated, could not be executed because the phrase “and (c)” does not appear in subsec. (d) as redesignated.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(a), (b)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which related to Federal share for projects for railway-highway crossing elimination, traffic control signalization, pavement marking, carpooling and vanpooling, and installation of traffic signs, highway lights, guardrails, and impact attenuators.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (d).

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(2), redesignated subsecs. (g) to (i) as (f) to (h), respectively. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (n) as (i). Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

Subsecs. (j) to (m). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(1), struck out subsec. (j) which related to Federal share of project financed under section 307(c) of this title, subsec. (k) which related to Federal share of projects under sections 143 and 155 of this title and projects for priority primary routes under section 147 of this title, subsec. (*l*) which related to Federal share of projects to reconstruct, resurface, restore and rehabilitate highways which incurred substantial use as result of transportation activities to meet national energy requirements, and subsec. (m) which related to Federal share of Great River Road projects under section 148 of this title.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–240, §1021(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (n) as (i).

**1987**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(a), inserted “or for installation of traffic signs, highway lights, guardrails, or impact attenuators” after “vanpooling”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(c)(1), inserted heading and amended first sentence generally. Prior to amendment, first sentence read as follows: “The Federal share payable on account of any repair or reconstruction provided for by funds made available under section 125 of this title shall not exceed 100 per centum of the cost thereof: *Provided*, That the Federal share payable on account of any repair or reconstruction of forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park roads and trails, parkways, public lands highways, public lands development roads and trails, and Indian reservation roads may amount to 100 per centum of the cost thereof.”

Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(b), redesignated subsec. (i) relating to Federal share payable on account of any project financed under section 307(c) of this title, as subsec. (j). Former subsec. (j) redesignated (k).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(b), (d)(1), redesignated former subsec. (j) as (k) and substituted “(j)” for “(i)”, “and 155” for “, 148, and 155,” and “100–3” for “97–61”. Former subsec. (k) redesignated (*l*).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(b), redesignated former subsec. (k) as (*l*).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(d)(2), added subsec. (m).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–17, §117(e), added subsec. (n).

**1983**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 98–78 inserted “, and for funds allocated under the provisions of section 155 of this title and obligated subsequent to January 6, 1983,” after “Representatives”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424, §117(a), inserted provision at end that, notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the Federal share payable on account of any project financed with primary funds on the Interstate System for resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, and reconstructing shall be the percentage provided in this subsection.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424, §117(b), inserted “or for pavement marking” after “signalization”, and provision that the Federal share payable on account of any project for traffic control signalization under section 103(e)(4) of this title may amount to 100 per centum of the cost of construction of such project.

Pub. L. 97–424, §123(a), inserted “or for commuter carpooling and vanpooling” before “, may amount to 100 per centum”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–424, §153(f), substituted “100 per centum” for “75 per centum” after “shall not exceed”, struck out provision that in the case of any State containing nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal, and public domain lands (both reserved and unreserved) exclusive of national forests and national parks and monuments exceeding 5 per centum of the total area of all lands therein, the Federal share would be increased by a percentage of the remaining cost equal to the percentage that the area of all such lands in such State is of its total area, struck out “, whether or not such highways, roads, or trails are on any Federal-aid highway system” after “may amount to 100 per centum of the cost thereof”, substituted provision that the total cost of a project may not exceed the cost of repair or reconstruction of a comparable facility for provision that the Secretary might increase the Federal share payable on account of any repair or reconstruction under this section up to 100 per centum of the replacement cost of a comparable facility if he determined it to be in the public interest, and struck out provision that any project agreement for which the final voucher had not been approved by the Secretary on or before the date of this Act might be modified to provide for the Federal share authorized herein.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 97–424, §156(c), added subsec. (i) relating to Federal share payable for any project financed under section 307(c) of this title.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–424, §117(c), added subsec. (j).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 97–424, §109(b), added subsec. (k).

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, §129(a), substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 §§117, 129(b), inserted “and for any project for traffic control signalization,” after “section 130 of this title,”, and substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–599, §129(c), substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–599, §129(i), added subsec. (i) relating to Federal share payable for any project in the Virgin Islands, etc.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §§106(f), 108(a), inserted reference to the Federal-aid urban system, and substituted “70 per centum” for “50 per centum” in two places.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §108(a), substituted “70 per centum” for “50 per centum”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §§108(a), 109(b), inserted definition of “a comparable facility” and substituted “70 per centum” for “50 per centum”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91–605, §128, added subsec. (h).

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495, §34, made provision for an election by the States as to the formula it desired to have its Federal share computed under by adding an optional formula permitting an increase in the Federal share by a percentage of the remaining cost equal to the percentage that the area of specified lands is of the State's total, but not so as to increase the share beyond 95 percent of the total cost of the project, with States exercising the option required to enter into an agreement to use the difference solely for highway construction purposes.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 90–495, §27(b), authorized the Secretary to increase the Federal share payable on account of any repair or reconstruction under this section up to 100 per centum of the replacement cost of a comparable facility if he determines that it is in the public interest.

**1966**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 89–574 added parkways, public land highways, public lands development roads, and trails to the list of road projects on the repair or reconstruction of which the Federal share payable may amount to 100 per centum of the cost.

**1964**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 88–658 provided that in case of any State containing nontaxable Indian lands, and public domain lands exclusive of national forests and national parks and monuments exceeding 5 per centum of the total area of all lands therein, the Federal share shall be increased by a percentage of the remaining cost equal to the percentage that the area of all such lands in such State, is of its total area.

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–657 substituted “nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal, and public domain lands (both reserved and unreserved) exclusive of national forests and national parks and monuments” for “unappropriated and unreserved public lands and nontaxable Indian lands, individual and tribal”.

**1959**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–70, §21(e)(4), substituted “subsection (d) of this section” for “subsections (d) and (h) of this section”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 86–342 provided that the Federal share payable on account of any repair or reconstruction of forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park roads and trails, and Indian reservation roads may amount to 100 per centum of the cost thereof, whether or not such highways, roads or trails are on any Federal-aid highway system.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 86–70, §21(d)(4), repealed subsec. (h) which related to contributions by the Territory of Alaska and to the expenditure of Federal funds apportioned to the Territory of Alaska and funds contributed by the Territory.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–140 effective on the date that is 1 day after Dec. 19, 2007, see section 1601 of Pub. L. 110–140, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1824 of Title 2, The Congress.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by section 1021 of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 1022(c) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 125 of this title] shall only apply to natural disasters and catastrophic failures occurring after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991].”

Section 117(c)(2) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply to all natural disasters and catastrophic failures which occur after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 2, 1987].”

Section 129(h) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a) through (g) of this section [amending this section and sections 148, 155, 215, and 406 of this title] shall take effect with respect to obligations incurred after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 6, 1978].”

Section 108(b) of Pub. L. 91–605, as amended by Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §153, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276, provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect with respect to all obligations incurred after June 30, 1973.”

Amendment by section 27(b) of Pub. L. 90–495 applicable to repair or construction with respect to which project agreements have been entered into on or before Jan. 1, 1968, see section 27(c) of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 125 of this title.

Amendment by section 34 of Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by section 21(d)(4) of Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 21(d) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 103 of this title.

Amendment by section 21(e)(4) of Pub. L. 86–70 effective July 1, 1959, see section 12(e) of Pub. L. 86–70, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 1044 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Section 1054 of title I of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

Section 117(f) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “Notwithstanding sections 119, 120, and 144 of title 23, United States Code, in each of fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, the percentage specified in such sections as the Federal share of the cost payable on account of any highway or bridge construction project in which materials produced from coal ash are used in significant amounts shall be increased by adding 5 percent to such percentage; except that in no case shall the Federal share payable on account of any project exceed 95 percent of the cost of such project as a result of increasing such Federal share under this subsection.”

Section 153(g) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “All obligations for projects resulting from a natural disaster or catastrophic failure which the Secretary finds to be eligible for emergency relief subsequent to the date of enactment of this subsection [Jan. 6, 1983] shall provide for the Federal share required by subsection (f) of section 120 of title 23, United States Code, as amended by this section.”

Pub. L. 94–30, §§1, 2, June 4, 1975, 89 Stat. 171, as amended by Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §145, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 446, provided for Federal share of projects approved under section 106(a) of this title, and projects for which United States becomes obligated under section 117 of this title during the period beginning Feb. 12, 1975, and ending Sept. 30, 1975, and repayment schedule for States from Jan. 1, 1977, through Jan. 1, 1979.

Section 507 of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that:

“(a)

“(1) review and analyze each excise tax now dedicated to the Highway Trust Fund with respect to such factors as ease or difficulty of administration of such tax and the compliance burdens imposed on taxpayers by such tax, and

“(2) on or before April 15, 1982, report to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate as to the matters set forth in paragraph (1) and other findings, as well as recommendations on—

“(A) improvements in excise taxation which would enhance tax administration, equity, and compliance, or

“(B) a new system of raising revenues to fund the Highway Trust Fund which would meet the objectives set forth in subparagraph (A).

The recommendations described in paragraph (2) shall be formulated in conjunction with the recommendations of the cost allocation study under section 506 set out as note under section 307 of this title of the equitable distribution of the highway excise taxes.

“(b)

Section 209 of act June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, 70 Stat. 397, as amended by Pub. L. 86–342, title II, §202, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 615; Pub. L. 86–346, title I, §104(5), Sept. 22, 1959, 73 Stat. 622; Pub. L. 86–440, §1(c), Apr. 22, 1960, 74 Stat. 81; Pub. L. 87–61, title II, §207, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 128; Pub. L. 88–578, title II, §202, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 904; Pub. L. 89–44, title II, §210, title VIII, §809(e), June 21, 1965, 79 Stat. 144, 168; Pub. L. 91–258, title II, §§207(e), 208(g), May 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 249, 252; Pub. L. 91–605, title III, §301, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1743; Pub. L. 94–273, §18, Apr. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 94–280, title III, §301, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 456; Pub. L. 95–599, title V, §§503(a), 504(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2757; Pub. L. 95–618, title II, §233(b)(2)(E), Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3191; Pub. L. 96–451, title II, §203(a), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1988; Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §531(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2191; Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, provided that:

“(a) [Repealed. Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §531(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2191. Subsec. (a) provided for the creation of a Highway Trust Fund.]

“(b)

“(1) that the total receipts of the Trust Fund (exclusive of advances under subsection (d) will be less than the total expenditures from such Fund (exclusive of repayments of such advances); or

“(2) that the distribution of the tax burden among the various classes of persons using the Federal-aid highways, or otherwise deriving benefits from such highways, is not equitable, the Congress shall enact legislation in order to bring about a balance of total receipts and total expenditures, or such equitable distribution, as the case may be.

“(c) to (g) [Repealed. Pub. L. 97–424, title V, §531(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2191. Subsecs. (c) to (g) provided generally for the transfer of the equivalent of the receipts of certain taxes to the Fund, for additional appropriations to the Fund, for its management, methods and purposes of expenditures, and for adjustment of apportionments regarding the Fund.]”

Section 203(b) of Pub. L. 96–451 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending former subsec. (f)(5) of section 209 of Act June 29, 1956] shall apply to taxes received on or after October 1, 1980.”

Section 504(b) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending former subsec. (g) of section 209 of Act June 29, 1956] shall apply to fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1978.”

Pub. L. 91–258, title II, §208(g), May 21, 1970, 84 Stat. 252, which added subsec. (c)(5) of section 209 of the Act of June 29, 1956, ch. 462, title II, 70 Stat. 397, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–248, title II, §281(b), Sept. 3, 1982, 96 Stat. 566.

Section 21(d)(4) of Pub. L. 86–70, which repealed subsec. (h) of this section, provided in part that the provisions of subsec. (h) relating to the percentage of funds to be contributed by Alaska shall continue to apply to funds apportioned to Alaska for fiscal year 1960 and prior fiscal years.

(a)

(1) that have been stockpiled in the vicinity of the construction in conformity to plans and specifications for the projects; and

(2) that are not in the vicinity of the construction if the Secretary determines that because of required fabrication at an off-site location the material cannot be stockpiled in such vicinity.

(b)

(c) Such payments shall be made to such official or officials or depository as may be designated by the State transportation department and authorized under the laws of the State to receive public funds of the State.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 899; Pub. L. 88–157, §7(b), Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 278; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §117, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §118(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(6), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1018(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1948; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1302, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193, 226.)

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1302(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary may, in his discretion, from time to time as the work progresses, make payments to a State for costs of construction incurred by it on a project. These payments shall at no time exceed the Federal share of the costs of construction incurred to the date of the voucher covering such payment plus the Federal share of the value of the materials which have been stockpiled in the vicinity of such construction in conformity to plans and specifications for the project. Such payments may also be made in the case of any such materials not in the vicinity of such construction if the Secretary determines that because of required fabrication at an off-site location the materials cannot be stockpiled in such vicinity.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1302(1), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “After completion of a project in accordance with the plans and specifications, and approval of the final voucher by the Secretary, a State shall be entitled to payment out of the appropriate sums apportioned to it of the unpaid balance of the Federal share payable on account of such project.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1302(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows: “No payment shall be made under this chapter, except for a project located on a Federal-aid system and covered by a project agreement. No final payment shall be made to a State for its costs of construction of a project until the completion of the construction has been approved by the Secretary following inspections pursuant to section 114(a) of this title.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1302(2), struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “In making payments pursuant to this section, the Secretary shall be bound by the limitations with respect to the permissible amounts of such payments continued in sections 106(c), 120, and 130 of this title.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1302(3), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c).

Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

**1991**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “106(c), 120,” for “120” and struck out at end “Payments for construction engineering on any project financed with Federal-aid highway funds shall not exceed 15 percent of the Federal share of the cost of construction of such project after excluding from the cost of construction the costs of rights-of-way, preliminary engineering, and construction engineering.”

**1987**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “15 percent” for “10 per centum” and struck out at end “However, this limitation shall be 15 per centum in any State with respect to which the Secretary finds such higher limitation to be necessary.”

**1976**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “Federal-aid highway funds” for “Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds” and struck out 10 per centum limitation provision for any project financed with interstate funds.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87 authorized payments to be made for materials not in the construction vicinity where the Secretary determines that because of required fabrication at an off-site location the materials cannot be stockpiled in such vicinity.

**1963**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted “any project financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds” for “any one project” and provided for limitation, on payments for construction engineering on projects financed with Federal-aid primary, secondary, or urban funds, of 15 percent of Federal share of cost of construction of the project where found by the Secretary to be necessary and for 10–percent limitation on projects financed with interstate funds.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 85–845, Aug. 28, 1958, 72 Stat. 1083, required Secretary of Commerce, within ten days after first day of first session of Eighty-sixth Congress, to submit to Congress recommendations for legislation for purpose of assisting Congress to determine whether or not to reimburse each State of any portion of a toll or free highway (1) which was on National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways], (2) which met standards required by Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 for such System of Interstate and Defense Highways, and (3) construction of which had been completed since Aug. 2, 1947, or which had been in actual use or under construction by contract, for completion, awarded not later than June 30, 1957.

(a)

(b)

(1) interest payments under an eligible debt financing instrument;

(2) the retirement of principal of an eligible debt financing instrument;

(3) the cost of the issuance of an eligible debt financing instrument;

(4) the cost of insurance for an eligible debt financing instrument; and

(5) any other cost incidental to the sale of an eligible debt financing instrument (as determined by the Secretary).

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1) constitute a commitment, guarantee, or obligation on the part of the United States to provide for payment of principal or interest on the eligible debt financing instrument; or

(2) create any right of a third party against the United States for payment under the eligible debt financing instrument.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 900; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §115(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2698; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §107(f), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2103; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(7), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §311(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 583.)

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–59 amended section generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which authorized States to use portion of Federal highway payments to retire principal of bonds proceeds of which were used for certain Federal highway projects.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 inserted “or for substitute highway projects approved under section 103(e)(4) of this title” before “and the retirement” in first sentence.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424 inserted “or for substitute highway projects approved under section 103(e)(4) of this title,” after “highway systems in urban areas,” and “or on highway projects approved under section 103(e)(4) of this title” after “expenditure on such system”.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599 inserted provisions relating to the retirement of bonds the proceeds of which were used for program projects, provisions that section was not to be construed as a commitment on the part of the United States to pay the principal of any such bonds, and provisions prohibiting inclusion of interest and incidental costs of bonds in estimated cost of completion.

Section 115(c) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “No interest shall be paid under authority of section 122 of title 23, United States Code, on any bonds issued prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Nov. 6, 1978], unless such bonds were issued for projects which were under construction on January 1, 1978. Interest on bonds issued in any fiscal year by a State after the date of enactment of this Act may be paid under authority of section 122 of title 23, United States Code, only if (1) such State was eligible to obligate funds of another State under subsection (a) of this section during such fiscal year and (2) the Secretary of Transportation certifies that such eligible State utilized, or will utilize, to the fullest extent possible during such fiscal year its authority to obligate funds under such subsection (a) of this section [amending section 118(b) of this title]. No interest shall be paid under section 122 of title 23, United States Code, on that part of the proceeds of bonds issued after the date of enactment of this Act used to retire or otherwise refinance bonds issued prior to such date.”

(a) When a State shall pay for the cost of relocation of utility facilities necessitated by the construction of a project on any Federal-aid system, Federal funds may be used to reimburse the State for such cost in the same proportion as Federal funds are expended on the project. Federal funds shall not be used to reimburse the State under this section when the payment to the utility violates the law of the State or violates a legal contract between the utility and the State. Such reimbursement shall be made only after evidence satisfactory to the Secretary shall have been presented to him substantiating the fact that the State has paid such cost from its own funds with respect to Federal-aid highway projects for which Federal funds are obligated subsequent to April 16, 1958, for work, including relocation of utility facilities.

(b) The term “utility”, for the purposes of this section, shall include publicly, privately, and cooperatively owned utilities.

(c) The term “cost of relocation”, for the purposes of this section, shall include the entire amount paid by such utility properly attributable to such relocation after deducting therefrom any increase in the value of the new facility and any salvage value derived from the old facility.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 900; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(8), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171.)

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “any Federal-aid system,” for “the Federal-aid primary or secondary systems or on the Interstate System, including extensions thereof within urban areas,”.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 201, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) Methods States use to mitigate such delays, including the use of the courts to compel cooperation.

“(B) The prevalence and use of incentives to utility companies for early completion of utility relocations on Federal-aid transportation project sites and, conversely, penalties assessed on utility companies for utility relocation delays on such projects.

“(C) The extent to which States have used available technologies, such as subsurface utility engineering, early in the design of Federal-aid highway and bridge projects so as to eliminate or reduce the need for or delays due to utility relocations.

“(D) Whether individual States compensate transportation contractors for business costs incurred by the contractors when Federal-aid highway and bridge projects under contract to them are delayed by utility-company-caused delays in utility relocations and any methods used by States in making any such compensation.

“(2)

If the Secretary shall determine that it is necessary for the expeditious completion of projects on any of the Federal-aid systems, including the Interstate System, he may advance to any State out of any existing appropriations the Federal share of the cost of construction thereof to enable the State transportation department to make prompt payments for acquisition of rights-of-way, and for the construction as it progresses. The sums so advanced shall be deposited in a special revolving trust fund, by the State official authorized under the laws of the State to receive Federal-aid highway funds, to be disbursed solely upon vouchers approved by the State transportation department for rights-of-way which have been or are being acquired, and for construction which has been actually performed and approved by the Secretary pursuant to this chapter. Upon determination by the Secretary that any part of the funds advanced to any State under the provisions of this section are no longer required, the amount of the advance, which is determined to be in excess of current requirements of the State, shall be repaid upon his demand, and such repayments shall be returned to the credit of the appropriation from which the funds were advanced. Any sum advanced and not repaid on demand shall be deducted from sums due the State for the Federal pro rata share of the cost of construction of Federal-aid projects.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §118, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2699; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1226(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 837.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, §1226(c), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(a), struck out subsec. (a) designation before “If the Secretary” and struck out subsec. (b), which had: authorized advance of 100 per centum of cost of construction where Secretary determined that toll bridge, toll tunnel, or approach thereto meeting section 129 requirements was necessary to complete essential gap in Interstate System; provided repayment schedule; and directed that advance be made from funds apportioned to State for Interstate System and that section 103(e)(4) provisions would not apply.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in two places.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §141, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 444, as amended by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §136, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2709, provided that: “Not later than six months after the completion of such project, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to Congress which includes, but is not limited to, a description of the methods used to reduce the time necessary for the completion of such project, recommendations for applying such methods to other highway projects, and any changes which may be necessary to existing law to permit further reductions in the time necessary to complete highway projects.”

(a)

(1) natural disaster over a wide area, such as by a flood, hurricane, tidal wave, earthquake, severe storm, or landslide; or

(2) catastrophic failure from any external cause.

(b)

(c)

(1) Not more than $100,000,000 is authorized to be obligated in any 1 fiscal year commencing after September 30, 1980, to carry out the provisions of this section; except that, if in any fiscal year the total of all obligations under this section is less than the amount authorized to be obligated in such fiscal year, the unobligated balance of such amount shall remain available until expended and shall be in addition to amounts otherwise available to carry out this section each year.

(2) Pending such appropriation or replenishment, the Secretary may obligate from any funds heretofore or hereafter appropriated for obligation in accordance with this title, including existing Federal-aid appropriations, such sums as may be necessary for the immediate prosecution of the work herein authorized. Funds obligated under this paragraph shall be reimbursed from such appropriation or replenishment.

(d) The Secretary may expend funds from the emergency fund herein authorized for the repair or reconstruction of highways on Federal-aid highways in accordance with the provisions of this chapter: *Provided*, That (1) obligations for projects under this section, including those on highways, roads, and trails mentioned in subsection (e) of this section, resulting from a single natural disaster or a single catastrophic failure in a State shall not exceed $100,000,000, and (2) the total obligations for projects under this section in any fiscal year in the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall not exceed $20,000,000. Notwithstanding any provision of this chapter actual and necessary costs of maintenance and operation of ferryboats providing temporary substitute highway traffic service, less the amount of fares charged, may be expended from the emergency fund herein authorized on Federal-aid highways. Except as to highways, roads, and trails mentioned in subsection (e) of this section, no funds shall be so expended unless the Secretary has received an application therefor from the State transportation department, and unless an emergency has been declared by the Governor of the State and concurred in by the Secretary, except that if the President has declared such emergency to be a major disaster for the purposes of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.) concurrence of the Secretary is not required.

(e) The Secretary may expend funds from the emergency fund herein authorized, either independently or in cooperation with any other branch of the Government, State agency, organization, or person, for the repair or reconstruction of forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park roads and trails, parkways, public lands highways, public lands development roads and trails, and Indian reservation roads, whether or not such highways, roads, or trails are Federal-aid highways.

(f)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §107(a), Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 89–574, §9(b), (c), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 769; Pub. L. 90–495, §27(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 829; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §109(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1718; Pub. L. 92–361, Aug. 3, 1972, 86 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §119, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §119, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2700; Pub. L. 96–106, §19, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 799; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §153(a), (c), (d), (h), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2132, 2133; Pub. L. 99–190, §101(e) [title III, §334], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1267, 1290; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4103, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§118(a)(1), (b)(1), (2), 133(b)(9), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 156, 171; Pub. L. 100–707, §109(k), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4709; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1022(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1951; Pub. L. 102–302, §101, June 22, 1992, 106 Stat. 252; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1113(b), 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 151, 193.)

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 93–288, May 22, 1974, 88 Stat. 143, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 68 (§5121 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 5121 of Title 42 and Tables.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(2), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which authorized expenditures by Secretary from emergency fund for repair or reconstruction of highways, roads, or trails which have suffered serious damage from natural disasters or catastrophic failures from external sources, including provisions relating to restrictions on eligibility and funding.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(1), (2), added subsecs. (b) and (c) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (d) and (e), respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(3), substituted “reconstruction of highways on Federal-aid highways in accordance” for “reconstruction of highways on the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System, in accordance” in first sentence, “subsection (e) of this section” for “subsection (c) of this section” in two places, “authorized on Federal-aid highways” for “authorized on the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System” before period at end of second sentence, and “Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq.)” for “Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 93–288)” in third sentence.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (b) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(4), substituted “Federal-aid highways” for “on any of the Federal-aid highway systems” before period at end.

Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (e).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1113(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (f).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–302, which directed the substitution of “on Federal-aid highways” for “on the Federal-aid highway systems including the Interstate System” in two places, could not be executed because phrase “on the Federal-aid highway systems including the Interstate System” did not appear in text.

**1991**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “$20,000,000” for “$5,000,000”.

**1988**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–707 substituted “and Emergency Assistance Act” for “Act of 1974”.

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(9)(A), substituted “the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System” for “the Interstate System, the Primary System, and on any routes functionally classified as arterials or major collectors” in two places.

Pub. L. 100–17, §118(a)(1), substituted “in a State shall not exceed $100,000,000.” for “shall not exceed $30,000,000 ($55,000,000 for projects in connection with disasters or failures occurring in calendar year 1985) in any State.”

Pub. L. 100–17, §118(b)(2), designated existing provisions related to limitations placed upon obligations for projects under this section as cl. (1) and added cl. (2).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(9)(B), substituted “on any of the Federal-aid highway systems” for “routes functionally classified as arterials or major collectors”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17, §118(b)(1), added subsec. (d).

**1986**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–272 inserted parenthetical provision allowing obligations not exceeding $55,000,000 for projects in connection with disasters or failures occurring in calendar year 1985.

**1985**—Pub. L. 99–190 amended section in manner substantially identical to amendment by Pub. L. 99–272.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §153(a)(1), inserted “(1)” before “the repair or reconstruction of highways”, and substituted “Secretary” for “he” before “shall find have suffered”; (A) and (B) for (1) and (2), respectively; “In no event shall funds be used pursuant to this section for the” for “and (2)”; and “or responsible local official” for “after December 31, 1967, and prior to December 31, 1970,”.

Pub. L. 97–424, §153(a)(2), inserted “from the Highway Trust Fund” after “appropriated”.

Pub. L. 97–424, §153(c), inserted “and not more than $100,000,000 is authorized to be expended in any one fiscal year commencing after September 30, 1980,” after “after September 30, 1976,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424, §153(d), inserted proviso establishing a $30,000,000 limit for obligations relating to a single natural disaster in any one State.

Pub. L. 97–424, §153(h)(1), substituted “the Interstate System, the Primary System, and on any routes functionally classified as arterials or major collectors,” for “the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System”, wherever appearing.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424, §153(h)(2), substituted “routes functionally classified as arterials or major collectors” for “on any of the Federal-aid highway systems”.

**1979**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–106 inserted provision that notwithstanding any provision of this chapter actual and necessary costs of maintenance and operation of ferryboats providing temporary substitute highway traffic service, less the amount of fares charged, may be expended from the emergency fund herein authorized on the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599 inserted “prior to the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978” after “such years, and (2)”, and inserted provision authorizing appropriations of 100 percent of expenditures out of the Highway Trust Fund.

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280, §119(a)(1)–(3), inserted “, and ending before June 1, 1976,” after “June 30, 1972,”, authorized expenditure of not more than $25,000,000 for the three-month period beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, and not more than $100,000,000 in any one fiscal year commencing after September 30, 1976, and inserted provision that for the purposes of this section the period beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, shall be deemed to be a part of the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280, §119(b), excepted from the requirement of a concurrence by the Secretary an emergency declared by the President to be a major disaster for purposes of the Disaster Relief Act of 1974.

**1972**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–361 substituted provisions setting forth maximum expendable amounts for fiscal years ending July 1, 1972 and for fiscal years commencing after June 30, 1972 and an additional amount for fiscal year ending June 30, 1973 for provisions setting forth maximum expendable amount for any fiscal year.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605 provided emergency relief for the repair or reconstruction of bridges which have been permanently closed to all vehicular traffic by the State after December 31, 1967, and prior to December 31, 1970, because of imminent danger of collapse due to structural deficiencies or physical deterioration.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495 permitted the use of the emergency fund for repair or construction caused by other than natural catastrophes.

**1966**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–574, §9(c), raised from $30,000,000 to $50,000,000 the upper limit on allowable annual appropriations to establish and replenish the fund, provided that, if, in any fiscal year the total of all expenditures under this section is less than $50,000,000, the unexpended balance of such amount shall remain available for expenditure during the next two succeeding fiscal years in addition to amount otherwise available, and provided that 60 per centum of the expenditures under this section are authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund and the remaining 40 per centum of such expenditures are authorized to be appropriated only from any monies in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–574, §9(b), added parkways, public lands highways, public lands development roads, and trails to the list of types of roads the repair or reconstruction of which may be paid for out of the emergency fund.

**1959**—Pub. L. 86–342, among other changes, made expenditures from the emergency fund subject to the provisions of section 120 of this title, and permitted the Secretary to expend funds from the emergency fund, either independently or in cooperation with any other branch of the Government, State agency, organization, or person, for the repair or reconstruction of forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park roads and trails, and Indian reservation roads, whether or not such highways, roads, or trails are on any of the Federal-aid highway systems.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 applicable only to natural disasters and catastrophic failures occurring after Dec. 18, 1991, see section 1022(c) of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 120 of this title.

Section 118(a)(2) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply with respect to natural disasters and catastrophic failures occurring after December 31, 1985.”

Section 118(b)(3) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “The amendments made by paragraphs (1) and (2) [amending this section] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 2, 1987].”

Section 153(e) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (d) of this section [amending this section] shall apply to natural disasters or catastrophic failures which the Secretary finds eligible for emergency relief subsequent to the date of enactment of this section [Jan. 6, 1983].”

Section 27(c) of Pub. L. 90–495 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and section 120 of this title] shall be applicable to repair or reconstruction with respect to which project agreements have been entered into on or after January 1, 1968.”

Section 9(d) of Pub. L. 89–574 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall take effect July 1, 1966.”

Section 153(b) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all expenditures made under section 125 of title 23, United States Code, prior to the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, are authorized to have been appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund.”

(a)

(b) 1 or to section 104(f) or to section 133(d)(3). The maximum amount that a State may transfer under this section of the State's set-aside under section 133(d)(1) 1 or 133(d)(2) for a fiscal year may not exceed 25 percent of (1) the amount of such set-aside, less (2) the amount of the State's set-aside under such section for fiscal year 1997.

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1310(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 234, §110; renumbered §126, Pub. L. 106–159, title I, §102(a)(1), Dec. 9, 1999, 113 Stat. 1752; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(a)(3)(B), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1225.)

Section 133(d)(1), referred to in subsec. (b), was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172.

A prior section 126, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 901; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(3), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276, related to providing Federal aid for highway construction only to States that used at least amounts provided by law on June 18, 1934, for such purposes, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1226(d), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 837.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, which directed insertion of “under” after “State's apportionment”, was executed by making the insertion after “State's apportionment” the second place it appeared, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

**1999**—Pub. L. 106–159 renumbered section 110 of this title as this section.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) No funds shall be apportioned in any fiscal year under section 104(b)(1) of this title to any State which does not permit the use of The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways within its boundaries by vehicles with a weight of twenty thousand pounds carried on any one axle, including enforcement tolerances, or with a tandem axle weight of thirty-four thousand pounds, including enforcement tolerances, or a gross weight of at least eighty thousand pounds for vehicle combinations of five axles or more.

(2) However, the maximum gross weight to be allowed by any State for vehicles using The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways shall be twenty thousand pounds carried on one axle, including enforcement tolerances, and a tandem axle weight of thirty-four thousand pounds, including enforcement tolerances and with an overall maximum gross weight, including enforcement tolerances, on a group of two or more consecutive axles produced by application of the following formula:

where W equals overall gross weight on any group of two or more consecutive axles to the nearest five hundred pounds, L equals distance in feet between the extreme of any group of two or more consecutive axles, and N equals number of axles in group under consideration, except that two consecutive sets of tandem axles may carry a gross load of thirty-four thousand pounds each providing the overall distance between the first and last axles of such consecutive sets of tandem axles (1) is thirty-six feet or more, or (2) in the case of a motor vehicle hauling any tank trailer, dump trailer, or ocean transport container before September 1, 1989, is 30 feet or more: *Provided*, That such overall gross weight may not exceed eighty thousand pounds, including all enforcement tolerances, except for vehicles using Interstate Route 29 between Sioux City, Iowa, and the border between Iowa and South Dakota or vehicles using Interstate Route 129 between Sioux City, Iowa, and the border between Iowa and Nebraska, and except for those vehicles and loads which cannot be easily dismantled or divided and which have been issued special permits in accordance with applicable State laws, or the corresponding maximum weights permitted for vehicles using the public highways of such State under laws or regulations established by appropriate State authority in effect on July 1, 1956, except in the case of the overall gross weight of any group of two or more consecutive axles on any vehicle (other than a vehicle comprised of a motor vehicle hauling any tank trailer, dump trailer, or ocean transport container on or after September 1, 1989), on the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974, whichever is the greater.

(3) Any amount which is withheld from apportionment to any State pursuant to the foregoing provisions shall lapse if not released and obligated within the availability period specified in section 118(b)(2) of this title.

(4) This section shall not be construed to deny apportionment to any State allowing the operation within such State of any vehicles or combinations thereof, other than vehicles or combinations subject to subsection (d) of this section, which the State determines could be lawfully operated within such State on July 1, 1956, except in the case of the overall gross weight of any group of two or more consecutive axles, on the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974.

(5) With respect to the State of Hawaii, laws or regulations in effect on February 1, 1960, shall be applicable for the purposes of this section in lieu of those in effect on July 1, 1956.

(6) With respect to the State of Colorado, vehicles designed to carry 2 or more precast concrete panels shall be considered a nondivisible load.

(7) With respect to the State of Michigan, laws or regulations in effect on May 1, 1982, shall be applicable for the purposes of this subsection.

(8) With respect to the State of Maryland, laws and regulations in effect on June 1, 1993, shall be applicable for the purposes of this subsection.

(9) The State of Louisiana may allow, by special permit, the operation of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of up to 100,000 pounds for the hauling of sugarcane during the harvest season, not to exceed 100 days annually.

(10) With respect to Interstate Routes 89, 93, and 95 in the State of New Hampshire, State laws (including regulations) concerning vehicle weight limitations that were in effect on January 1, 1987, and are applicable to State highways other than the Interstate System, shall be applicable in lieu of the requirements of this subsection.

(11) With respect to that portion of the Maine Turnpike designated Route 95 and 495, and that portion of Interstate Route 95 from the southern terminus of the Maine Turnpike to the New Hampshire State line, laws (including regulations) of the State of Maine concerning vehicle weight limitations that were in effect on October 1, 1995, and are applicable to State highways other than the Interstate System, shall be applicable in lieu of the requirements of this subsection.

(12)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i) the idle reduction technology is fully functional at all times; and

(ii) the 400-pound gross weight increase is not used for any purpose other than the use of idle reduction technology described in subparagraph (A).

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(4)

(5)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(2)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 86–624, §17(e), July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 93–643, §106, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2283; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §120, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §133, formerly §133(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2123, renumbered §133, Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(a)(3), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §119, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 157; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(c)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388; Pub. L. 101–427, Oct. 15, 1990, 104 Stat. 927; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1023(a), (b), (d), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1951, 1952, 1954; Pub. L. 103–331, title III, §332, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2493; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(3), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §312(a)(1), (2), (b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 104–88, title IV, §§404, 405(a)(1), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 956; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1106(c)(2)(B), 1212(d)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, 194; Pub. L. 107–107, div. A, title X, §1064, Dec. 28, 2001, 115 Stat. 1233; Pub. L. 108–447, div. J, title I, §121, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3347; Pub. L. 109–58, title VII, §756(c), Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 832; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1111(b)(3), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171; Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §194(a), (c), (d), (f), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3072, 3073.)

The date of enactment of Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), (4), means Jan. 4, 1975, the date on which Pub. L. 93–643 was approved.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 100–17, which was approved Apr. 2, 1987.

Section 335 of the Department of Transportation and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 1991, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(A), is section 335 of Pub. L. 101–516, which is not classified to the Code.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (d)(3)(A), (B), (D), (5), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 102–240, which was approved Dec. 18, 1991.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (f), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–59, which was approved Nov. 28, 1995.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (g), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 104–88, which was approved Dec. 29, 1995.

Amendments by section 194(c), (f) of Pub. L. 111–117 were executed as if the amendments by section 194(a), (d) of Pub. L. 111–117 were still in effect, notwithstanding section 194(b), (e) of Pub. L. 111–117 which provided that the amendments by section 194(a), (d) were only effective during the 1-year period beginning on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 111–117. See 2009 Amendment notes and Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment notes below.

**2009**—Subsec. (a)(11). Pub. L. 111–117, §194(c), substituted “that portion of the Maine Turnpike designated Route 95 and 495, and that portion of Interstate Route 95 from the southern terminus of the Maine Turnpike to the New Hampshire State line, laws (including regulations)” for “all portions of the Interstate Highway System in the State, laws (including regulations)”. See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 111–117, §194(a), (b), which directed temporary substitution of “all portions of the Interstate Highway System in the State, laws (including regulations)” for “that portion of the Maine Turnpike designated Route 95 and 495, and that portion of Interstate Route 95 from the southern terminus of the Maine Turnpike to the New Hampshire State line, laws (including regulations)”, was executed by making the temporary substitution for “that portion of the Maine Turnpike designated Interstate Route 95 and 495, and that portion of Interstate Route 95 from the southern terminus of the Maine Turnpike to the New Hampshire State line, laws (including regulations)” to reflect the probable intent of Congress. See Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(13). Pub. L. 111–117, §194(f), struck out par. (13), which consisted of subpar. (A) only. Text read as follows: “With respect to Interstate Routes 89, 91, and 93 in the State of Vermont, laws (including regulations) of that State concerning vehicle weight limitations applicable to State highways other than the Interstate system shall be applicable in lieu of the requirements of this subsection.” See Codification note above.

Pub. L. 111–117, §194(d), (e), temporarily added par. (13). See Effective and Termination Dates of 2009 Amendment note below.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–58 designated first to eleventh sentences as pars. (1) to (11), respectively, and added par. (12).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “118(b)(2)” for “118(b)(1)”.

**2004**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–447 substituted “Interstate Routes 89, 93, and 95 in the State of New Hampshire” for “Interstate Route 95 in the State of New Hampshire” in the penultimate sentence.

**2001**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 107–107 added subsec. (h).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(d)(1), inserted before penultimate sentence “With respect to the State of Colorado, vehicles designed to carry 2 or more precast concrete panels shall be considered a nondivisible load.” and inserted at end “The State of Louisiana may allow, by special permit, the operation of vehicles with a gross vehicle weight of up to 100,000 pounds for the hauling of sugarcane during the harvest season, not to exceed 100 days annually. With respect to Interstate Route 95 in the State of New Hampshire, State laws (including regulations) concerning vehicle weight limitations that were in effect on January 1, 1987, and are applicable to State highways other than the Interstate System, shall be applicable in lieu of the requirements of this subsection. With respect to that portion of the Maine Turnpike designated Interstate Route 95 and 495, and that portion of Interstate Route 95 from the southern terminus of the Maine Turnpike to the New Hampshire State line, laws (including regulations) of the State of Maine concerning vehicle weight limitations that were in effect on October 1, 1995, and are applicable to State highways other than the Interstate System, shall be applicable in lieu of the requirements of this subsection.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(2)(B), substituted “section 103(c)(4)(A)” for “section 139(a)”.

**1995**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–59, §312(a)(1), in proviso of second sentence substituted “except for vehicles using Interstate Route 29 between Sioux City, Iowa, and the border between Iowa and South Dakota or vehicles using Interstate Route 129 between Sioux City, Iowa, and the border between Iowa and Nebraska, and except for those” for “except for those”.

Subsec. (d)(1)(F). Pub. L. 104–59, §312(a)(2), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–59, §312(b), as amended by Pub. L. 104–88, §405(a)(1), added subsec. (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–88, §404, added subsec. (g).

**1994**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–331 inserted at end “With respect to the State of Maryland, laws and regulations in effect on June 1, 1993, shall be applicable for the purposes of this subsection.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted “sections 31111–31114 of title 49” for “sections 411, 412, and 416 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. App. 2311, 2312, and 2316)”.

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1023(a), substituted “funds shall be apportioned in any fiscal year under section 104(b)(1) of this title” for “funds authorized to be appropriated for any fiscal year under provisions of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 shall be apportioned” in first sentence and inserted “, other than vehicles or combinations subject to subsection (d) of this section,” after “thereof” in fourth sentence.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §1023(b), (d), added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1990**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–427 substituted “The Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways” for “the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” in two places.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–202 substituted “September 1, 1989” for “September 1, 1988” in two places.

Pub. L. 100–17, §119(d)(1), inserted heading.

Pub. L. 100–17, §119(a)(1), (2), which directed that second sentence be amended by inserting “(1)” before “is 36 feet or more” and by inserting cl. (2) after such phrase, was executed by making the insertions before and after “is thirty-six feet or more” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 100–17, §119(a)(3), (b), inserted “on any vehicle (other than a vehicle comprised of a motor vehicle hauling any tank trailer, dump trailer, or ocean transport container on or after September 1, 1988)” after last reference to “consecutive axles” in second sentence and substituted “lapse if not released and obligated within the availability period specified in section 118(b)(1) of this title.” for “lapse.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §119(d)(2), inserted heading.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §119(c), added subsec. (c).

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424 struck out “and width” after “weight” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and substituted provisions relating to authority to appropriate funds for any fiscal year under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 with respect to apportionment to any State not permitting the use of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways within its boundaries by vehicles with specified weights, provisions setting forth formula of maximum gross weight to be allowed by any State for vehicles using such Highways, and provisions setting forth further limitations for apportionment, for provisions relating to authority to appropriate funds for any fiscal year under section 108(b) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 with respect to apportionment to any State not permitting the use of the Interstate System within its boundaries by vehicles with specified weights, provisions setting forth formula for determination of overall gross weight, provisions relating to maximum widths permitted for vehicles, and provisions setting forth further limitations for apportionment.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (b).

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280 authorized a State to permit any bus with a width of 102 inches or less to operate on any lane of twelve feet or more in width on the Interstate System.

**1975**—Pub. L. 93–643 substituted weight limitations of 20,000 lbs. carried on any one axle, including all enforcement tolerances, for 18,000 lbs. carried on any one axle, of 34,000 lbs. for tandem axle weight, including all enforcement tolerances, for 32,000 lbs. for tandem axle weight, overall gross weight limitation of 80,000, including enforcement tolerances, for overall gross weight of 73,280 lbs. prescribed a formula for determination of overall gross weight on a group of two or more consecutive axles, authorized a gross load of 34,000 lbs. each for two consecutive sets of tandem axles having an overall distance of 36 or more feet between such axles, excepted from the new weight limitations cases of overall gross weight of any group of two or more consecutive axles, on Jan. 4, 1975, and inserted “, except in the case of the overall gross weight of any group of two or more consecutive axles, on the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974” in third sentence.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–624 made the laws or regulation in effect on Feb. 1, 1960, applicable, with respect to the State of Hawaii, for the purposes of this section, in lieu of those in effect on July 1, 1956.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §194(b), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3072, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall be in effect during the 1-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2009].”

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §194(c), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3072, provided that the amendment made by section 194(c) is effective as of the date that is 366 days after Dec. 16, 2009.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §194(e), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3073, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (d) [amending this section] shall be in effect during the 1-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act [Dec. 16, 2009].”

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §194(f), Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3073, provided that the amendment made by section 194(f) is effective as of the date that is 366 days after Dec. 16, 2009.

Amendment by section 404 of Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 701 of Title 49, Transportation.

Section 405(a) of Pub. L. 104–88 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Nov. 28, 1995.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 201, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 202, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 202, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

“(6)

“(7)

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1023(h), as added by Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §341, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1552; amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §326, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 194; Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title III, §347, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 108–447, div. H, title V, §530, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3271; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1309, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1219; Pub. L. 109–115, div. A, title I, §115, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2408, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) any over-the-road bus (as defined in section 301 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12181)); or

“(B) any vehicle that is regularly and exclusively used as an intrastate public agency transit passenger bus.

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

Section 1023(e) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) of State laws regulating the use on the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways [now Dwight D. Eisenhower System of Interstate and Defense Highways] of vehicles which are used for the purpose of protecting persons and property from fires and other disasters that threaten public safety and which are being delivered to or operated by a firefighting agency; and

“(B) of the issuance of permits by States which exempt such vehicles from the requirements of the second sentence of section 127 of title 23, United States Code.

“(3)

“(4)

Section 1023(g) of Pub. L. 102–240 directed Secretary to conduct a study of State and Federal regulations pertaining to transporters of water well drilling rigs on public highways for the purpose of identifying requirements which place a burden on such transporters without enhancing safety or preservation of public highways, and, not later than 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, report to Congress on the results of the study, together with any legislative and administrative recommendations.

Section 158 of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary, within 6 months after Apr. 2, 1987, to enter into appropriate arrangements with the Transportation Research Board of the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study of the following motor vehicle issues, including an analysis of the impacts of the various positions that have been put forth with respect to each issue and best estimates of effects on pavement, bridges, highway revenue and cost responsibility, and highway safety, and changes in transportation costs and other measures of productivity for various segments of the trucking industry resulting from adoption of each of the positions: (1) elimination of existing, grandfather provisions of 23 U.S.C. 127 which allow higher axle loads and gross vehicle weights than the 20,000-pound single axle load limit, 34,000-pound tandem axle load limit, and 80,000-pound gross vehicle weight limit maximums authorized by Pub. L. 93–643, (2) analysis of alternative methods of determining gross vehicle weight limit and axle loadings for all types of motor carrier vehicles, (3) analysis of the bridge formula contained in 23 U.S.C. 127 in view of current vehicle configurations, pavement and bridge stresses in accord with 1986 design and construction practices, and existing bridges on and off the Interstate System, (4) establishment of nationwide policy regarding the provisions of ‘reasonable access’ to the National Network for combination vehicles established pursuant to Pub. L. 97–424, and (5) recommendation of appropriate treatment for specialized hauling vehicles which do not comply with the existing Federal bridge formula and submit a final report to Secretary and Congress, not later than 30 months after appropriate arrangements were entered into.

Pub. L. 97–369, title III, §321, Dec. 18, 1982, 96 Stat. 1784, related to State-imposed vehicle width limitations, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 98–17, §2, Apr. 5, 1983, 97 Stat. 60. See section 31113 of Title 49, Transportation.

Section 210 of Pub. L. 94–280 directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct an investigation into relationship between gross load on front steering axles of truck tractors and safety of operation of vehicle combinations of which such truck tractors are a part, such investigation to be conducted in cooperation with representatives of (A) manufacturers of truck tractors and related equipment, (B) labor, and (C) users of such equipment, and the results of such study to be reported to Congress not later than July 1, 1977.

(a) Any State transportation department which submits plans for a Federal-aid highway project involving the by passing of or, going through any city, town, or village, either incorporated or unincorporated, shall certify to the Secretary that it has had public hearings, or has afforded the opportunity for such hearings, and has considered the economic and social effects of such a location, its impact on the environment, and its consistency with the goals and objectives of such urban planning as has been promulgated by the community. Any State transportation department which submits plans for an Interstate System project shall certify to the Secretary that it has had public hearings at a convenient location, or has afforded the opportunity for such hearings for the purpose of enabling persons in rural areas through or contiguous to whose property the highway will pass to express any objections they may have to the proposed locations of such highway. Such certification shall be accompanied by a report which indicates the consideration given to the economic, social, environmental and other effects of the plan or highway location or design and various alternatives which were raised during the hearing or which were otherwise considered.

(b) When hearings have been held under subsection (a), the State transportation department shall submit a copy of the transcript of said hearings to the Secretary, together with the certification and report.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 90–495, §24, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 828; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §135, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1734; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” wherever appearing.

**1970**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605, §135(a), provided for submission of a report by the State highway department involved indicating consideration given to economic, social, environmental, and other effects of the plan or highway location or design plus the various alternatives which were considered.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605, §135(b), inserted reference to report to be submitted by the State highway department together with the certification of public hearings.

**1968**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 90–495 inserted social effect of projects, the impact on environment, and their consistency with the goals and objectives of such urban planning as has been promulgated by the community to the list of factors to be considered by State highway departments in looking over projects involving the bypassing or passing through of municipalities.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(A) initial construction of a toll highway, bridge, or tunnel (other than a highway, bridge, or tunnel on the Interstate System) or approach thereto;

(B) reconstructing, resurfacing, restoring, and rehabilitating a toll highway, bridge, or tunnel (including a toll highway, bridge, or tunnel subject to an agreement entered into under this section or section 119(e) as in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991) or approach thereto;

(C) reconstruction or replacement of a toll-free bridge or tunnel and conversion of the bridge or tunnel to a toll facility;

(D) reconstruction of a toll-free Federal-aid highway (other than a highway on the Interstate System) and conversion of the highway to a toll facility; and

(E) preliminary studies to determine the feasibility of a toll facility for which Federal participation is authorized under subparagraph (A), (B), (C), or (D);

on the same basis and in the same manner as in the construction of free highways under this chapter.

(2)

(A) be publicly owned, or

(B) be privately owned if the public authority having jurisdiction over the highway, bridge, tunnel, or approach has entered into a contract with a private person or persons to design, finance, construct, and operate the facility and the public authority will be responsible for complying with all applicable requirements of this title with respect to the facility.

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(G)

(H)

(i) for any purpose for which the loan funds were available under this title; and

(ii) for the purchase of insurance or for use as a capital reserve for other forms of credit enhancement for project debt in order to improve credit market access or to lower interest rates for projects eligible for assistance under this title.

(I)

(8)

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 301 of this title, the Secretary may permit Federal participation under this title in the construction of a project constituting an approach to a ferry, whether toll or free, the route of which is a public road and has not been designated as a route on the Interstate System. Such ferry may be either publicly or privately owned and operated, but the operating authority and the amount of fares charged for passage shall be under the control of a State agency or official, and all revenues derived from publicly owned or operated ferries shall be applied to payment of the cost of construction or acquisition thereof, including debt service, and to actual and necessary costs of operation, maintenance, repair, and replacement.

(c) Notwithstanding section 301 of this title, the Secretary may permit Federal participation under this title in the construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities, whether toll or free, subject to the following conditions:

(1) It is not feasible to build a bridge, tunnel, combination thereof, or other normal highway structure in lieu of the use of such ferry.

(2) The operation of the ferry shall be on a route classified as a public road within the State and which has not been designated as a route on the Interstate System. Projects under this subsection may be eligible for both ferry boats carrying cars and passengers and ferry boats carrying passengers only.

(3) Such ferry boat or ferry terminal facility shall be publicly owned or operated or majority publicly owned if the Secretary determines with respect to a majority publicly owned ferry or ferry terminal facility that such ferry boat or ferry terminal facility provides substantial public benefits.

(4) The operating authority and the amount of fares charged for passage on such ferry shall be under the control of the State or other public entity, and all revenues derived therefrom shall be applied to actual and necessary costs of operation, maintenance, and 1 repair, debt service, negotiated management fees, and, in the case of a privately operated toll ferry, for a reasonable rate of return.

(5) Such ferry may be operated only within the State (including the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii and the islands which comprise any territory of the United States) or between adjoining States or between a point in a State and a point in the Dominion of Canada. Except with respect to operations between the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii, operations between the islands which comprise any territory of the United States, operations between a point in a State and a point in the Dominion of Canada, and operations between any two points in Alaska and between Alaska and Washington, including stops at appropriate points in the Dominion of Canada, no part of such ferry operation shall be in any foreign or international waters.

(6) No such ferry shall be sold, leased, or otherwise disposed of without the approval of the Secretary. The Federal share of any proceeds from such a disposition shall be credited to the unprogramed balance of Federal-aid highway funds of the same class last apportioned to such State. Any amount so credited shall be in addition to all other funds then apportioned to such State and available for expenditure in accordance with the provisions of this title.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 902; Pub. L. 86–657, §§5, 8(a), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 523, 524; Pub. L. 90–495, §28, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 829; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§133, 139, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1732, 1736; Pub. L. 92–434, §7, Sept. 26, 1972, 86 Stat. 732; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§118, 132, 139, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 259, 267, 270; Pub. L. 93–643, §108, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §121, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §120, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2700; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §120(a), (b), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 157, 158; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(d)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388; Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §§326, 335, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2150, 2153; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1012(a), (c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1936, 1938; Pub. L. 102–388, title IV, §410, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §313(a)–(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 585, 586; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1106(c)(1)(C), 1207(a), 1211(f), formerly 1211(g), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136, 185, 189; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(d)(5), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 840; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(f), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456.)

The date of the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 102–240, which was approved Dec. 18, 1991.

For the effective date of title I of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 104 of this title.

**2005**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “any territory of the United States” for “the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico” in two places.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1106(c)(1)(C), substituted “which is a public road and has not” for “which has been classified as a public road and has not” in first sentence.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1207(a), substituted “owned or operated or majority publicly owned if the Secretary determines with respect to a majority publicly owned ferry or ferry terminal facility that such ferry boat or ferry terminal facility provides substantial public benefits.” for “owned.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1211(f), formerly §1211(g), as renumbered by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(d)(5), struck out subsec. (d) which related to pilot toll collection program.

**1995**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–59, §313(a), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows:

“(5)

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 104–59, §313(b), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows:

“(7)

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 104–59, §313(c), inserted before period at end of first sentence “or between a point in a State and a point in the Dominion of Canada” and in second sentence substituted “Hawaii,” for “Hawaii and” and inserted “, operations between a point in a State and a point in the Dominion of Canada,” after “Puerto Rico”.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–388, §410(1), which directed the substitution of “classified as a public road” for “approved under section 103(b) or (b) of this title as a part of one of the Federal-aid systems”, was executed by making the substitution for “approved under section 103(b) or (c) of this title as a part of one of the Federal-aid systems” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–388, §410(2), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “The operation of the ferry shall be on a route which has been approved under section 103(b) or (c) of this title as a part of one of the Federal-aid systems within the State and has not been designated as a route on the Interstate System.”

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(a), amended subsec. (a) generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing Federal participation in construction or acquisition of toll bridges, tunnels and approaches, provided that facility was publicly owned and operated by State or public authority, and State or authority agreed that all tolls, less those used to offset cost of operation and maintenance, were to be applied to repayment of State or authority for cost of construction or acquisition, that no tolls were to be charged after such repayment, and that facility was to be free of charge thereafter, except in case of bridge connecting United States with foreign country.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which authorized Secretary to approve toll roads, bridges and tunnels as part of Interstate System, authorized expenditure of Federal-aid highway funds on toll roads after they became toll-free, and required agreements between Secretary and State highway departments on construction of Interstate projects to forbid construction of toll roads, but not toll bridges and tunnels, on interstate highway route without official concurrence of Secretary, after June 30, 1968.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c), redesignated subsec. (g) as (c), inserted “and ferry terminal facilities” after “boats” in introductory provisions, added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “Such ferry shall be publicly owned and operated.”, in par. (4), inserted “or other public entity” after “State” and “, debt service, negotiated management fees, and, in the case of a privately operated toll ferry, for a reasonable rate of return” before period at end, and struck out former subsec. (c) which made available funds authorized for expenditure on Federal-aid highway systems for projects approaching toll roads, bridges or tunnels up to point where project had use irrespective of use for toll road, bridge or tunnel.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which made available funds authorized for expenditure on Interstate System for Interstate System projects approaching toll road and having no other use, if agreement was reached that section of toll road would become free to public upon collection of tolls sufficient to liquidate cost of road and outstanding bonds and cost of maintenance, operation and debt service during period of toll collection, and that there was a reasonably satisfactory alternative free route available to bypass toll section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), struck out subsec. (e) which authorized Secretary to permit Federal participation in reconstruction and improvement of two-lane toll road designated as part of the Interstate System before June 30, 1973, as necessary to bring such road to standards of Interstate System, provided that toll road authority agreed that no new indebtedness to be liquidated by tolls was to be incurred, that all tolls be used for operation and maintenance and to repay outstanding bonds, and that, upon liquidation of such bonds, the road was to become free to public.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(2), redesignated subsecs. (f) and (g) as (b) and (c), respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), struck out subsec. (h) which provided that, in case of interstate toll bridge on Federal-aid primary system, except Interstate System, owned by State or political subdivision, that became toll-free by Jan. 1, 1975, because of purchase or construction by State before Jan. 1, 1975, funds would be made available under section 104(b)(1) and (3) of this title to pay Federal share of lesser of value of bridge (after deducting portion of value already attributable to Federal funds) or amount by which principal amount of outstanding unpaid bonds issued for construction or acquisition of bridge exceeded amount accumulated for their amortization, on date bridge became free to public.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), struck out subsec. (i) which authorized Secretary to permit Federal participation, through funds for Federal-aid highway system, other than Interstate System, in engineering and fiscal assessments, traffic analyses, network studies, etc., to determine whether privately owned toll bridges should be acquired by a State or subdivision.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (j) as (d).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–240, §1012(c)(1), struck out subsec. (k) which required operators of toll roads, tunnels, ferries and bridges on Federal-aid highway system to biennially certify to Governor of State that facilities were adequately maintained and that operator had ability to fund such facilities that were not adequately maintained without using Federal-aid highway funds, and which required Governor of each State to report biennially to Secretary on facilities required to so certify.

**1988**—Subsec. (j)(1), (3). Pub. L. 100–457, §335, amended Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(d)(1), (2)(A), (C)], see 1987 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (j)(6). Pub. L. 100–457, §326(1), inserted “(and, in the case of the State of Texas, the Texas Turnpike Authority)” after “State highway department”.

Subsec. (j)(10). Pub. L. 100–457, §326(2), added par. (10).

**1987**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–17, §120(a), added subsec. (j).

Subsec. (j)(1). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(d)(1)], as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, §335, which directed the amendment of par. (1) by substituting “(9)” for “(9)” was executed by substituting “9” for “7” as the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (j)(3). Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(d)(2)(A)], as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, §335, which directed the amendment of par. (3) by substituting “(9)” for “(7)” was executed by substituting “9” for “7” as the probable intent of Congress.

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §347(d)(2)(B)–(D)], as amended by Pub. L. 100–457, §335, substituted “States of Pennsylvania and West Virginia” for “State of Pennsylvania” in two places and inserted “States of Georgia and West Virginia,” and “The toll facility in Orange County, California, may be located in more than 1 highway corridor to relieve congestion on existing interstate routes in such County.”

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 100–17, §120(b), added subsec. (k).

**1978**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–599 added subsec. (i).

**1976**—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 94–280 authorized ferry operations within the islands which comprise the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and excepted ferry operations between the islands which comprise the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from the prohibition of ferry operations in foreign or international waters.

**1975**—Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 93–643 substituted “operations between the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii and operations between any two points in Alaska and between Alaska and Washington, including stops at appropriate points in the Dominion of Canada” for “operations between the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii and operations between the States of Alaska and Washington, or between any two points within the State of Alaska”.

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §118(a), inserted third sentence providing that when any toll road which the Secretary has approved as a part of the Interstate System is made a toll-free facility, Federal-aid highway funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5) of this title may be expended for the construction, reconstruction, or improvement of that road to meet the standards adopted for the improvement of projects located on the Interstate System.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, §118(b), struck from first sentence “on the date of enactment of this subsection” before “as he may find necessary” and substituted in third sentence “1973” for “1968”.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 93–87, §139, redesignated the second subsec. (f) as (g) and in par. (5) substituted “may be operated” for “shall be operated”, inserted “(including the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii)” after “within the State”, and excepted operations between the islands which comprise the State of Hawaii and operations between the States of Alaska and Washington, or between any two points within the State of Alaska from the prohibition against ferry operations in foreign or international waters.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–87, §132, added subsec. (h).

**1972**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 92–434 substituted “or” for “and” making text read “maintained or operated”, and required domestic and foreign tolls for international bridges, and that the tolls be limited to amount necessary for maintenance, repair, and operation thereof.

**1970**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 91–605, §133, added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e), pertaining to ferry approaches, redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 91–605, §§133, 139, redesignated subsec. (e), relating to ferry approaches, as (f) and added a second subsec. (f) relating to ferry boats.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495 required that, after June 30, 1968, as a condition for the addition of toll highway facilities on the Interstate System, the approval of the Secretary is required, with an affirmative finding that the construction of the road as a toll facility rather than a toll-free facility is in the public interest, but with such limitation on the construction of toll facilities not to extend to toll bridges and tunnels.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–657, §5(b), included ferries in section catchline.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 86–657, §8(a), struck out “under prior Acts” after “Funds authorized”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 86–657, §5(a), added subsec. (e).

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1604(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1250, provided that:

“(1)

“(A)

“(i) a facility in existence on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005] that collects tolls;

“(ii) a facility in existence on the date of enactment of this Act that serves high occupancy vehicles;

“(iii) a facility modified or constructed after the date of enactment of this Act to create additional tolled lane capacity (including a facility constructed by a private entity or using private funds); and

“(iv) in the case of a new lane added to a previously non-tolled facility, only the new lane.

“(B)

“(2)

“(A) to manage high levels of congestion;

“(B) to reduce emissions in a nonattainment area or maintenance area; or

“(C) to finance the expansion of a highway, for the purpose of reducing traffic congestion, by constructing one or more additional lanes (including bridge, tunnel, support, and other structures necessary for that construction) on the Interstate System.

“(3)

“(A)

“(i)

“(I) debt service;

“(II) a reasonable return on investment of any private financing;

“(III) the costs necessary for proper operation and maintenance of any facilities under paragraph (2) (including reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation); or

“(IV) if the State, public authority, or private entity annually certifies that the tolled facility is being adequately operated and maintained, any other purpose relating to a highway or transit project carried out under title 23 or 49, United States Code.

“(B)

“(i)

“(ii) HOV

“(iii) HOV

“(C)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(iii)

“(D)

“(4)

“(A) a description of the congestion or air quality problems sought to be addressed under the program;

“(B) a description of—

“(i) the goals sought to be achieved under the program; and

“(ii) the performance measures that would be used to gauge the success made toward reaching those goals; and

“(C) such other information as the Secretary may require.

“(5)

“(6)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) seek to accelerate progress toward the national goal of achieving a nationwide interoperable electronic toll collection system;

“(ii) take into account the use of noncash electronic technology currently deployed within an appropriate geographical area of travel and the noncash electronic technology likely to be in use within the next 5 years; and

“(iii) seek to minimize additional costs and maximize convenience to users of toll facility and to the toll facility owner or operator.

“(7)

“(A)

“(i) develop and publish performance goals for each express lane project;

“(ii) establish a program for regular monitoring and reporting on the achievement of performance goals, including—

“(I) effects on travel, traffic, and air quality;

“(II) distribution of benefits and burdens;

“(III) use of alternative transportation modes; and

“(IV) use of revenues to meet transportation or impact mitigation needs.

“(B)

“(i) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], and annually thereafter, a report that describes in detail the uses of funds under this subsection in accordance with paragraph (8)(D) [no par. (8) has been enacted]; and

“(ii) not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 3 years thereafter, a report that describes any success of the program under this subsection in meeting congestion reduction and other performance goals established for express lane programs.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1604(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1253, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) An identification of the facility on the Interstate System proposed to be a toll facility.

“(B) In the case of a facility that affects a metropolitan area, an assurance that the metropolitan planning organization designated under section 134 or 135 for the area has been consulted concerning the placement and amount of tolls on the facility.

“(C) An analysis demonstrating that financing the construction of the facility with the collection of tolls under the pilot program is the most efficient and economical way to advance the project.

“(D) A facility management plan that includes—

“(i) a plan for implementing the imposition of tolls on the facility;

“(ii) a schedule and finance plan for the construction of the facility using toll revenues;

“(iii) a description of the public transportation agency that will be responsible for implementation and administration of the pilot program;

“(iv) a description of whether consideration will be given to privatizing the maintenance and operational aspects of the facility, while retaining legal and administrative control of the portion of the Interstate route; and

“(v) such other information as the Secretary may require.

“(4)

“(A) the State's analysis under paragraph (3)(C) is reasonable;

“(B) the State plan for implementing tolls on the facility takes into account the interests of local, regional, and interstate travelers;

“(C) the State plan for construction of the facility using toll revenues is reasonable;

“(D) the State will develop, manage, and maintain a system that will automatically collect the tolls; and

“(E) the State has given preference to the use of a public toll agency with demonstrated capability to build, operate, and maintain a toll expressway system meeting criteria for the Interstate System.

“(5)

“(A) excessive congestion;

“(B) pavement wear; and

“(C) an increased incidence of traffic accidents, injuries, or fatalities.

“(6)

“(A) all toll revenues received from operation of the toll facility will be used only for—

“(i) debt service;

“(ii) reasonable return on investment of any private person financing the project; and

“(iii) any costs necessary for the improvement of and the proper operation and maintenance of the toll facility, including reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of the toll facility; and

“(B) regular audits will be conducted to ensure compliance with subparagraph (A) and the results of such audits will be transmitted to the Secretary.

“(7)

“(8)

“(9)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(A) compile the database not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005] and update the database every 2 years thereafter;

“(B) ensure that the database is easily accessible to the public; and

“(C) make available, from the amounts made available for the Bureau of Transportation Statistics by section 5101 of this Act [119 Stat. 1779], not more than $500,000 for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009 to establish and maintain the database.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1207(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 185, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) to identify existing ferry operations, including—

“(i) the locations and routes served; and

“(ii) the source and amount, if any, of funds derived from Federal, State, or local government sources supporting ferry construction or operations;

“(B) to identify potential domestic ferry routes in the United States and its possessions and to develop information on those routes; and

“(C) to identify the potential for use of high-speed ferry services and alternative-fueled ferry services.

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1216(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 212, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) An identification of the facility on the Interstate System proposed to be a toll facility, including the age, condition, and intensity of use of the facility.

“(B) In the case of a facility that affects a metropolitan area, an assurance that the metropolitan planning organization established under section 134 of title 23, United States Code, for the area has been consulted concerning the placement and amount of tolls on the facility.

“(C) An analysis demonstrating that the facility could not be maintained or improved to meet current or future needs from the State's apportionments and allocations made available by this Act [see Tables for classification] (including amendments made by this Act) and from revenues for highways from any other source without toll revenues.

“(D) A facility management plan that includes—

“(i) a plan for implementing the imposition of tolls on the facility;

“(ii) a schedule and finance plan for the reconstruction or rehabilitation of the facility using toll revenues;

“(iii) a description of the public transportation agency that will be responsible for implementation and administration of the pilot program;

“(iv) a description of whether consideration will be given to privatizing the maintenance and operational aspects of the facility, while retaining legal and administrative control of the portion of the Interstate route; and

“(v) such other information as the Secretary may require.

“(4)

“(A) the State is unable to reconstruct or rehabilitate the proposed toll facility using existing apportionments;

“(B) the facility has a sufficient intensity of use, age, or condition to warrant the collection of tolls;

“(C) the State plan for implementing tolls on the facility takes into account the interests of local, regional, and interstate travelers;

“(D) the State plan for reconstruction or rehabilitation of the facility using toll revenues is reasonable; and

“(E) the State has given preference to the use of a public toll agency with demonstrated capability to build, operate, and maintain a toll expressway system meeting criteria for the Interstate System.

“(5)

“(A) all toll revenues received from operation of the toll facility will be used only for—

“(i) debt service;

“(ii) reasonable return on investment of any private person financing the project; and

“(iii) any costs necessary for the improvement of and the proper operation and maintenance of the toll facility, including reconstruction, resurfacing, restoration, and rehabilitation of the toll facility; and

“(B) regular audits will be conducted to ensure compliance with subparagraph (A) and the results of such audits will be transmitted to the Secretary.

“(6)

“(7)

“(8)

Section 1012(d) of title I of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “Unless modified under section 129(a)(6) of such title [this title], as amended by subsection (a) of this section, agreements entered into under section 119(e) or 129 of such title before the effective date of this title [Dec. 18, 1991] and in effect on the day before such effective date shall continue in effect on and after such effective date in accordance with the provisions of such agreement and such section 119(e) or 129.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1064, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2005, as amended by Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §332, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1550; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1207(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 185, which directed the Secretary to carry out a program for construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities in accordance with section 129(c) of this title, was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456. See section 147 of this title.

Section 164 of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 96–106, §16, Nov. 19, 1979, 93 Stat. 798, directed Secretary of Transportation to report not later than July 1, 1980, respecting extent of outstanding bonded indebtedness for each State as of Jan. 1, 1979, incurred by each State or public authority prior to June 29, 1956, for road construction or portions incorporated within Interstate System, and methods of allocating bonded indebtedness and removal of toll provisions.

Section 131 of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to amend any agreement heretofore entered into under the provisions of section 129(d) of title 23, United States Code, in order to permit the continuation of tolls on the existing Richmond-Petersburg Turnpike to finance the construction within the existing termini of such turnpike of two lanes thereon in addition to the lanes in existence on the date of enactment of this section [Dec. 31, 1970] necessary to meet traffic and highway safety requirements. Any amended agreement entered into for such purposes shall provide assurances that the existing turnpike (including the additional lanes) shall become free to the public upon the collection of tolls sufficient to liquidate all construction costs, and the costs of maintenance, operation, and debt service during the period of toll collections to liquidate such construction costs, but in no event shall tolls be collected after date of maturity of those bonds outstanding on the date of enactment of this section [Dec. 31, 1970] issued for construction of such turnpike having the latest maturity date.”

1 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.

(a) Subject to section 120 and subsection (b) of this section, the entire cost of construction of projects for the elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings, including the separation or protection of grades at crossings, the reconstruction of existing railroad grade crossing structures, and the relocation of highways to eliminate grade crossings, may be paid from sums apportioned in accordance with section 104 of this title. In any case when the elimination of the hazards of a railway-highway crossing can be effected by the relocation of a portion of a railway at a cost estimated by the Secretary to be less than the cost of such elimination by one of the methods mentioned in the first sentence of this section, then the entire cost of such relocation project, subject to section 120 and subsection (b) of this section, may be paid from sums apportioned in accordance with section 104 of this title.

(b) The Secretary may classify the various types of projects involved in the elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings, and may set for each such classification a percentage of the costs of construction which shall be deemed to represent the net benefit to the railroad or railroads for the purpose of determining the railroad's share of the cost of construction. The percentage so determined shall in no case exceed 10 per centum. The Secretary shall determine the appropriate classification of each project.

(c) Any railroad involved in a project for the elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings paid for in whole or in part from sums made available for expenditure under this title, or prior Acts, shall be liable to the United States for the net benefit to the railroad determined under the classification of such project made pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. Such liability to the United States may be discharged by direct payment to the State transportation department of the State in which the project is located, in which case such payment shall be credited to the cost of the project. Such payment may consist in whole or in part of materials and labor furnished by the railroad in connection with the construction of such project. If any such railroad fails to discharge such liability within a six-month period after completion of the project, it shall be liable to the United States for its share of the cost, and the Secretary shall request the Attorney General to institute proceedings against such railroad for the recovery of the amount for which it is liable under this subsection. The Attorney General is authorized to bring such proceedings on behalf of the United States, in the appropriate district court of the United States, and the United States shall be entitled in such proceedings to recover such sums as it is considered and adjudged by the court that such railroad is liable for in the premises. Any amounts recovered by the United States under this subsection shall be credited to miscellaneous receipts.

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(g) 1 of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives, not later than April 1, 2006, and every 2 years thereafter,,1 on the progress being made by the State in implementing projects to improve railway-highway crossings. The report shall include, but not be limited to, the number of projects undertaken, their distribution by cost range, road system, nature of treatment, and subsequent accident experience at improved locations. In addition, the Secretary's report shall analyze and evaluate each State program, identify any State found not to be in compliance with the schedule of improvements required by subsection (d) and include recommendations for future implementation of the railroad highway 2 crossings program.

(h)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) the amount of the incentive payment paid to the government with respect to the crossing by the railroad concerned under paragraph (2); or

(B) $7,500.

(4)

(j)

(k)

(*l*)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) “public crossing” means a location within a State, other than a location where one or more railroad tracks cross one or more railroad tracks either at grade or grade-separated, where—

(i) a public highway, road, or street, including associated sidewalks and pathways, crosses one or more railroad tracks either at grade or grade-separated; or

(ii) a publicly owned pathway explicitly authorized by a public authority or a railroad carrier and dedicated for the use of non-vehicular traffic, including pedestrians, bicyclists, and others, that is not associated with a public highway, road, or street, or a private roadway, crosses one or more railroad tracks either at grade or grade-separated; and

(B) “State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, or Puerto Rico.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 903; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §121(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 159; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 104–205, title III, §353(b), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 2980; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1111(d), 1202(d), 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 146, 170, 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(c), formerly §1401(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1226, renumbered §1401(c), Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(s)(1), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1577; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(*l*), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1575; Pub. L. 110–432, div. A, title II, §204(c), Oct. 16, 2008, 122 Stat. 4871.)

The date of enactment of the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008, referred to in subsec. (*l*)(1) to (3), is the date of enactment of div. A of Pub. L. 110–432, which was approved Oct. 16, 2008.

**2008**—Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(*l*), substituted “highway safety improvement program purposes” for “purposes under this subsection”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 110–432 added subsec. (*l*).

**2005**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(c)(1), formerly §1401(d)(1), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, §101(s)(1), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted after par. designation “

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(c)(2), formerly §1401(d)(2), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, §101(s)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Twenty-five percent of the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall be apportioned to the States in the same manner as sums are apportioned under section 104(b)(2) of this title, 25 percent of such funds shall be apportioned to the States in the same manner as sums are apportioned under section 104(b)(6) of this title, and 50 percent of such funds shall be apportioned to the States in the ratio that total railway-highway crossings in each State bears to the total of such crossings in all States. The Federal share payable on account of any project financed with funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall be 90 percent of the cost thereof.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(c)(3), formerly §1401(d)(3), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, §101(s)(1), in third sentence inserted “and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation,” after “Public Works” and substituted “, not later than April 1, 2006, and every 2 years thereafter,” for “not later than April 1 of each year”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–59, §1401(c)(4), formerly §1401(d)(4), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, §101(s)(1), added subsec. (k).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1111(d), substituted “Subject to section 120” for “Except as provided in subsection (d) of section 120 of this title” in first sentence and “subject to section 120” for “except as provided in subsection (d) of section 120 of this title” in second sentence.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(d), added subsec. (j).

**1996**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 104–205 added subsec. (i).

**1995**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–59 substituted “Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure” for “Committee on Public Works and Transportation” in third sentence.

**1987**—Subsecs. (d) to (h). Pub. L. 100–17 added subsecs. (d) to (h).

Pub. L. 106–246, div. B, title II, §2604, July 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 559, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, hereafter, funds apportioned under section 104(b)(3) of title 23 which are applied to projects involving the elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings, including the separation or protection of grades at crossings, the reconstruction of existing railroad grade crossing structures, and the relocation of highways to eliminate grade crossings, may have a Federal share up to 100 percent of the cost of construction.”

Section 351(b), (c) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that:

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) how the Department of Transportation worked with the entities referred to in paragraph (1) to improve the awareness of the highway and commercial vehicle safety and law enforcement communities of regulations and safety challenges at railroad-highway grade crossings; and

“(B) how resources are being allocated to better address these challenges and enforce such regulations.

“(c)

“(1)

“(A)

“(i) to promote grade crossing safety and reduce risk at high risk railroad-highway grade crossings; and

“(ii) to reduce the number of grade crossings while maintaining the reasonable mobility of the American people and their property, including emergency access.

“(B)

“(C)

“(2)

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1072, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2012, provided that: “The Secretary shall coordinate the field testing of the vehicle proximity alert system and comparable systems to determine their feasibility for use by priority vehicles as an effective railroad-highway grade crossing safety device. In the event the vehicle proximity alert or a comparable system proves to be technologically and economically feasible, the Secretary shall develop and implement appropriate programs under section 130 of title 23, United States Code, to provide for installation of such devices where appropriate.”

Pub. L. 100–457, title III, §324, Sept. 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 2150, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary shall make available $250,000 per year for a national public information program to educate the public of the inherent hazard at railway-highway crossings. Such funds shall be made available out of funds authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund, pursuant to section 130 of title 23, United States Code.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act:

Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §339], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–386.

Section 159 of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study of national highway-railroad crossing improvement and maintenance needs, with Secretary to consult with State highway administrations, the Association of American Railroads, highway safety groups, and any other appropriate entities in carrying out this study, and directed Secretary, not later than 24 months after Apr. 2, 1987, to submit a final report to Congress on results of the study along with recommendations of how crossing needs can be addressed in a cost effective manner.

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §162, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2720, authorized Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with State highway departments and appropriate officials of local government, to undertake a comprehensive investigation and study of techniques for alleviating the environmental, social, economic, and developmental impacts of increased unit train traffic to meet national energy requirements in communities located along rail corridors experiencing such increased traffic and directed Secretary to report to Congress on results of such investigation and study not later than Mar. 31, 1979.

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §163, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 280, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §104, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §140(a)–(e), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 444; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §134(a)–(c), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2709; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, §209(b), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2245; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §151, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2132; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§133(c)(3), 148, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172, 181; Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §346], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1037, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1987; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(e), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724, provided that:

“(a)(1) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out demonstration projects in Lincoln, Nebraska, Wheeling, West Virginia, and Elko, Nevada, for the relocation of railroad lines from the central area of the cities in conformance with the methodology developed under proposals submitted to the Secretary by the respective cities. The cities shall (1) have a local agency with legal authority to relocate railroad facilities, levy taxes for such purpose, and a record of prior accomplishment; and (2) have a current relocation plan for such lines which has a favorable benefit-cost ratio involving and having the unanimous approval of three or more class 1 railroads in Lincoln, Nebraska, and the two class 1 railroads in Wheeling, West Virginia, and Elko, Nevada, and multicivic, local, and State agencies, and which provides for the elimination of a substantial number of the existing railway-road conflict points within the city.

“(2) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in Lafayette, Indiana, for relocation of railroad lines from the central area of the city. There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this paragraph $360,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975.

“(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project for the elimination or protection of certain public ground-level rail-highway crossings in, or in the vicinity of, Springfield, Illinois.

“(c) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out demonstration projects in Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoros, Mexico, for the relocation of railroad lines from the central area of the cities in conformance with the methodology developed under proposals submitted to the Secretary by the Brownsville Navigation District, providing for the construction of an international bridge and for the elimination of a substantial number of existing railway-road conflict points within the cities.

“(d) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in East Saint Louis, Illinois, for the relocation of rail lines between Thirteenth and Forty-third Streets, in accordance with methodology approved by the Secretary. The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project for the relocation of rail lines in the vicinity of Carbondale, Illinois.

“(e) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in New Albany, Indiana, for the elimination of the existing rail loop and relocation of rail lines to a location between Vincennes Street and East Eighth Street, in accordance with methodology approved by the Secretary.

“(f) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out demonstration projects for the construction of an overpass at the rail-highway grade crossing on Cottage Grove Avenue between One Hundred Forty-second Street and One Hundred Thirty-eighth Street in the village of Dolton, Illinois, and the construction of an overpass at the rail-highway grade crossing at Vermont Street and the Rock Island Railroad tracks in the city of Blue Island, Illinois.

“(g) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project for the elimination of the ground level railroad highway crossing on United States Route 69 in Greenville, Texas.

“(h) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project in Anoka, Minnesota, for the construction of an underpass at the Seventh Avenue and County Road 7 railroad-highway grade crossing.

“(i) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project in Metairie, Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, for the relocation or grade separation of rail lines whichever he deems most feasible in order to eliminate certain grade level railroad highway crossings.

“(j) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in Augusta, Georgia, for the relocation of railroad lines and for the purpose of eliminating highway railroad grade crossings.

“(k) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, for the relocation of railroad lines for the purpose of eliminating highway railroad grade crossings.

“(*l*) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out a demonstration project in Sherman, Texas, for the relocation of rail lines in order to eliminate the ground level railroad crossing at the crossing of the Southern Pacific and Frisco Railroads with Grand Avenue-Roberts Road.

“(m) The Secretary of Transportation shall enter into such arrangements as may be necessary to carry out a demonstration project in Hammond, Indiana, for the relocation of railroad lines for the purposes of eliminating highway railroad grade crossings.

“(n) The Federal share payable on account of such projects shall be the Federal share provided in section 120(a) of title 23, United States Code. [sic] except those railroad-highway crossings segments which are already engaged in or have completed the preparation of the plans, specifications and estimates (PS&E) for the construction of the segment involved shall retain the Federal share as specified in subsection [sic] 163(n) [this subsection] as amended by section 134 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 [section 134 of Pub. L. 95–599].

“[(*o*) Repealed. Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(e), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724.]

“(p) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section (other than subsection (*l*)), not to exceed $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, $6,250,000, for the period beginning July 1, 1976, and ending September 30, 1976, $26,400,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and $51,400,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, $70,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, and $90,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and $100,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1982, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1984, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1985, and $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1986, and $15,000,000 per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, and 1994, except that not more than two-thirds of all funds authorized and expended under authority of this section in any fiscal year shall be appropriated out of the Highway Trust fund. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, any project which is not under construction, according to the Secretary of Transportation, by September 30, 1985, shall not be eligible for additional funds under this authorization.

“(q) The Secretary, in cooperation with State highway departments and local officials, shall conduct a full and complete investigation and study of the problem of providing increased highway safety by the relocation of railroad lines from the central area of cities on a nationwide basis, and report to the Congress his recommendations resulting from such investigation and study not later than July 1, 1975, including an estimate of the cost of such a program. Funds authorized to carry out section 307 of title 23, United States Code, are authorized to be used to carry out the investigation and study required by this subsection.”

Pub. L. 94–387, title I, §101, Aug. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1176, provided in part: “That section 163 of Public Law 93–87 [set out as a note above] is hereby amended to include projects at Terre Haute, Indiana.”

Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §203, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 283, as amended by Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §203, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 452; Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §203, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2728; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, §209(d), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2245; Pub. L. 97–327, §5(b), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1612; Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §205, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2139, which directed each State to conduct a survey of all highways to identify those railway crossings requiring separation, relocation, or protective devices and to establish and implement a schedule of projects for such purpose, which at a minimum was to provide for signs at all crossings, authorized appropriations for elimination of hazards of railway-highway crossings, provided for State apportionments and for the Federal share of the costs of projects, required each State to annually report to the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Transportation to annually report to Congress on progress in implementing railroad-highway crossings program, and authorized use of matching funds with local governments for improvement of railroad crossings, was repealed by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §121(b), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 160.

Highway authorizations provisions of section 104(a) (1) and (2) of Pub. L. 93–87, referred to in section 203(d) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that:

“(a) For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of title 23, United States Code, the following sums are hereby authorized to be appropriated:

“(1) For the Federal-aid primary system in rural areas, out of the Highway Trust Fund, $680,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $700,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976. For the Federal-aid secondary system in rural areas, out of Highway Trust Fund, $390,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $400,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976.

“(2) For the Federal-aid urban system, out of the Highway Trust Fund, $780,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $800,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976. For the extensions of the Federal-aid primary and secondary systems in urban areas, out of the Highway Trust Fund $290,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $300,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $300,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976.”

2 So in original. Probably should be “railroad-highway”.

(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares that the erection and maintenance of outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices in areas adjacent to the Interstate System and the primary system should be controlled in order to protect the public investment in such highways, to promote the safety and recreational value of public travel, and to preserve natural beauty.

(b) Federal-aid highway funds apportioned on or after January 1, 1968, to any State which the Secretary determines has not made provision for effective control of the erection and maintenance along the Interstate System and the primary system of outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices which are within six hundred and sixty feet of the nearest edge of the right-of-way and visible from the main traveled way of the system, and Federal-aid highway funds apportioned on or after January 1, 1975, or after the expiration of the next regular session of the State legislature, whichever is later, to any State which the Secretary determines has not made provision for effective control of the erection and maintenance along the Interstate System and the primary system of those additional outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices which are more than six hundred and sixty feet off the nearest edge of the right-of-way, located outside of urban areas, visible from the main traveled way of the system, and erected with the purpose of their message being read from such main traveled way, shall be reduced by amounts equal to 10 per centum of the amounts which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title, until such time as such State shall provide for such effective control. Any amount which is withheld from apportionment to any State hereunder shall be reapportioned to the other States. Whenever he determines it to be in the public interest, the Secretary may suspend, for such periods as he deems necessary, the application of this subsection to a State.

(c) Effective control means that such signs, displays, or devices after January 1, 1968, if located within six hundred and sixty feet of the right-of-way and, on or after July 1, 1975, or after the expiration of the next regular session of the State legislature, whichever is later, if located beyond six hundred and sixty feet of the right-of-way located outside of urban areas, visible from the main traveled way of the system, and erected with the purpose of their message being read from such main traveled way, shall, pursuant to this section, be limited to (1) directional and official signs and notices, which signs and notices shall include, but not be limited to, signs and notices pertaining to natural wonders, scenic and historical attractions, which are required or authorized by law, which shall conform to national standards hereby authorized to be promulgated by the Secretary hereunder, which standards shall contain provisions concerning lighting, size, number, and spacing of signs, and such other requirements as may be appropriate to implement this section, (2) signs, displays, and devices advertising the sale or lease of property upon which they are located, (3) signs, displays, and devices, including those which may be changed at reasonable intervals by electronic process or by remote control, advertising activities conducted on the property on which they are located, (4) signs lawfully in existence on October 22, 1965, determined by the State, subject to the approval of the Secretary, to be landmark signs, including signs on farm structures or natural surfaces, or historic or artistic significance the preservation of which would be consistent with the purposes of this section, and (5) signs, displays, and devices advertising the distribution by nonprofit organizations of free coffee to individuals traveling on the Interstate System or the primary system. For the purposes of this subsection, the term “free coffee” shall include coffee for which a donation may be made, but is not required.

(d) In order to promote the reasonable, orderly and effective display of outdoor advertising while remaining consistent with the purposes of this section, signs, displays, and devices whose size, lighting and spacing, consistent with customary use is to be determined by agreement between the several States and the Secretary, may be erected and maintained within six hundred and sixty feet of the nearest edge of the right-of-way within areas adjacent to the Interstate and primary systems which are zoned industrial or commercial under authority of State law, or in unzoned commercial or industrial areas as may be determined by agreement between the several States and the Secretary. The States shall have full authority under their own zoning laws to zone areas for commercial or industrial purposes, and the actions of the States in this regard will be accepted for the purposes of this Act. Whenever a bona fide State, county, or local zoning authority has made a determination of customary use, such determination will be accepted in lieu of controls by agreement in the zoned commercial and industrial areas within the geographical jurisdiction of such authority. Nothing in this subsection shall apply to signs, displays, and devices referred to in clauses (2) and (3) of subsection (c) of this section.

(e) Any sign, display, or device lawfully in existence along the Interstate System or the Federal-aid primary system on September 1, 1965, which does not conform to this section shall not be required to be removed until July 1, 1970. Any other sign, display, or device lawfully erected which does not conform to this section shall not be required to be removed until the end of the fifth year after it becomes nonconforming.

(f) The Secretary shall, in consultation with the States, provide within the rights-of-way for areas at appropriate distances from interchanges on the Interstate System, on which signs, displays, and devices giving specific information in the interest of the traveling public may be erected and maintained. The Secretary may also, in consultation with the States, provide within the rights-of-way of the primary system for areas in which signs, displays, and devices giving specific information in the interest of the traveling public may be erected and maintained. Such signs shall conform to national standards to be promulgated by the Secretary.

(g) Just compensation shall be paid upon the removal of any outdoor advertising sign, display, or device lawfully erected under State law and not permitted under subsection (c) of this section, whether or not removed pursuant to or because of this section. The Federal share of such compensation shall be 75 per centum. Such compensation shall be paid for the following:

(A) The taking from the owner of such sign, display, or device of all right, title, leasehold, and interest in such sign, display, or device; and

(B) The taking from the owner of the real property on which the sign, display, or device is located, of the right to erect and maintain such signs, displays, and devices thereon.

(h) All public lands or reservations of the United States which are adjacent to any portion of the Interstate System and the primary system shall be controlled in accordance with the provisions of this section and the national standards promulgated by the Secretary.

(i) In order to provide information in the specific interest of the traveling public, the State transportation departments are authorized to maintain maps and to permit information directories and advertising pamphlets to be made available at safety rest areas. Subject to the approval of the Secretary, a State may also establish information centers at safety rest areas and other travel information systems within the rights-of-way for the purpose of informing the public of places of interest within the State and providing such other information as a State may consider desirable. The Federal share of the cost of establishing such an information center or travel information system shall be that which is provided in section 120 for a highway project on that Federal-aid system to be served by such center or system.

(j) Any State transportation department which has, under this section as in effect on June 30, 1965, entered into an agreement with the Secretary to control the erection and maintenance of outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices in areas adjacent to the Interstate System shall be entitled to receive the bonus payments as set forth in the agreement, but no such State transportation department shall be entitled to such payments unless the State maintains the control required under such agreement: *Provided*, That permission by a State to erect and maintain information displays which may be changed at reasonable intervals by electronic process or remote control and which provide public service information or advertise activities conducted on the property on which they are located shall not be considered a breach of such agreement or the control required thereunder. Such payments shall be paid only from appropriations made to carry out this section. The provisions of this subsection shall not be construed to exempt any State from controlling outdoor advertising as otherwise provided in this section.

(k) Subject to compliance with subsection (g) of this section for the payment of just compensation, nothing in this section shall prohibit a State from establishing standards imposing stricter limitations with respect to signs, displays, and devices on the Federal-aid highway systems than those established under this section.

(*l*) Not less than sixty days before making a final determination to withhold funds from a State under subsection (b) of this section, or to do so under subsection (b) of section 136, or with respect to failing to agree as to the size, lighting, and spacing of signs, displays, and devices or as to unzoned commercial or industrial areas in which signs, displays, and devices may be erected and maintained under subsection (d) of this section, or with respect to failure to approve under subsection (g) of section 136, the Secretary shall give written notice to the State of his proposed determination and a statement of the reasons therefor, and during such period shall give the State an opportunity for a hearing on such determination. Following such hearing the Secretary shall issue a written order setting forth his final determination and shall furnish a copy of such order to the State. Within forty-five days of receipt of such order, the State may appeal such order to any United States district court for such State, and upon the filing of such appeal such order shall be stayed until final judgment has been entered on such appeal. Summons may be served at any place in the United States. The court shall have jurisdiction to affirm the determination of the Secretary or to set it aside, in whole or in part. The judgment of the court shall be subject to review by the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the State is located and to the Supreme Court of the United States upon certiorari or certification as provided in title 28, United States Code, section 1254. If any part of an apportionment to a State is withheld by the Secretary under subsection (b) of this section or subsection (b) of section 136, the amount so withheld shall not be reapportioned to the other States as long as a suit brought by such State under this subsection is pending. Such amount shall remain available for apportionment in accordance with the final judgment and this subsection. Funds withheld from apportionment and subsequently apportioned or reapportioned under this section shall be available for expenditure for three full fiscal years after the date of such apportionment or reapportionment as the case may be.

(m) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this section, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, not to exceed $2,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, not to exceed $27,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, not to exceed $20,500,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and not to exceed $50,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973. The provisions of this chapter relating to the obligation, period of availability and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds shall apply to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section after June 30, 1967. Subject to approval by the Secretary in accordance with the program of projects approval process of section 105,1 a State may use any funds apportioned to it under section 104 of this title for removal of any sign, display, or device lawfully erected which does not conform to this section.

(n) No sign, display, or device shall be required to be removed under this section if the Federal share of the just compensation to be paid upon removal of such sign, display, or device is not available to make such payment. Funds apportioned to a State under section 104 of this title shall not be treated for purposes of the preceding sentence as being available to the State for making such a payment except to the extent that the State, in its discretion, expends such funds for such a payment.

(*o*) The Secretary may approve the request of a State to permit retention in specific areas defined by such State of directional signs, displays, and devices lawfully erected under State law in force at the time of their erection which do not conform to the requirements of subsection (c), where such signs, displays, and devices are in existence on the date of enactment of this subsection and where the State demonstrates that such signs, displays, and devices (1) provide directional information about goods and services in the interest of the traveling public, and (2) are such that removal would work a substantial economic hardship in such defined area.

(p) In the case of any sign, display, or device required to be removed under this section prior to the date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1974, which sign, display, or device was after its removal lawfully relocated and which as a result of the amendments made to this section by such Act is required to be removed, the United States shall pay 100 per centum of the just compensation for such removal (including all relocation costs).

(q)(1) During the implementation of State laws enacted to comply with this section, the Secretary shall encourage and assist the States to develop sign controls and programs which will assure that necessary directional information about facilities providing goods and services in the interest of the traveling public will continue to be available to motorists. To this end the Secretary shall restudy and revise as appropriate existing standards for directional signs authorized under subsections 131(c)(1) and 131(f) to develop signs which are functional and esthetically compatible with their surroundings. He shall employ the resources of other Federal departments and agencies, including the National Endowment for the Arts, and employ maximum participation of private industry in the development of standards and systems of signs developed for those purposes.

(2) Among other things the Secretary shall encourage States to adopt programs to assure that removal of signs providing necessary directional information, which also were providing directional information on June 1, 1972, about facilities in the interest of the traveling public, be deferred until all other nonconforming signs are removed.

(r)

(1)

(2)

(s)

(t)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 904; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §106, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §106, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 123; Pub. L. 88–157, §5, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 89–285, title I, §101, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1028; Pub. L. 89–574, §8(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 90–495, §6(a)–(d), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 817; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §122(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1726; Pub. L. 93–643, §109, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §122, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 438; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§121, 122, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2700, 2701; Pub. L. 96–106, §6, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1046(a)–(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1995, 1996; Pub. L. 102–302, §104, June 22, 1992, 106 Stat. 253; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §314, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 586; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d), probably means Pub. L. 89–285, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1028, as amended, known as the Highway Beautification Act of 1965, which enacted section 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 131 and 135 of this title and amended sections 131 and 319 of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 136 of this title and Tables.

Section 105, referred to in subsec. (m), was amended generally by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1104(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 127, and by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1104(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1163, and, as so amended, no longer refers to program of highway project approval process by Secretary.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (*o*), means May 5, 1976, the date of approval of Pub. L. 94–280.

The date of enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (p), means Jan. 3, 1975, the date of approval of Pub. L. 93–643.

For the effective date of this subsection, referred to in subsecs. (r)(1) and (s), see the Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note set out below.

Section 1047 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (s), is section 1047 of Pub. L. 102–240, which is set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

**1998**—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in two places.

**1995**—Subsec. (s). Pub. L. 104–59 inserted at end “In designating a scenic byway for purposes of this section and section 1047 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, a State may exclude from such designation any segment of a highway that is inconsistent with the State's criteria for designating State scenic byways. Nothing in the preceding sentence shall preclude a State from signing any such excluded segment, including such segment on a map, or carrying out similar activities, solely for purposes of system continuity.”

**1992**—Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 102–302 inserted at end “Funds apportioned to a State under section 104 of this title shall not be treated for purposes of the preceding sentence as being available to the State for making such a payment except to the extent that the State, in its discretion, expends such funds for such a payment.”

**1991**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 102–240, §1046(a), inserted at end “Subject to approval by the Secretary in accordance with the program of projects approval process of section 105, a State may use any funds apportioned to it under section 104 of this title for removal of any sign, display, or device lawfully erected which does not conform to this section.”

Subsecs. (r) to (t). Pub. L. 102–240, §1046(b), (c), added subsecs. (r) to (t).

**1979**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 96–106 substituted “distribution by nonprofit” for “distribution of nonprofit”.

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–599 §§121, 122(c), inserted “including those which may be changed at reasonable intervals by electronic process or by remote control,” after “devices” in cl. (3) and added cl. (5).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–599, §122(a), inserted provision relating to just compensation for the removal of signs lawfully erected under State law but not permitted under subsec. (c).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 95–599, §122(d), inserted provision relating to permission by the State to erect and maintain information displays.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 95–599, §122(b), substituted “Subject to compliance with subsection (g) of this section for the payment of just compensation, nothing” for “Nothing”.

**1976**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–280, §122(a), authorized the Secretary, in consultation with the States, to provide within the rights-of-way of the primary system for areas in which signs, displays, and devices giving specific information in the interest of the traveling public may be erected and maintained.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 94–280, §122(c), authorized a State to establish travel information systems within the rights-of-way and prescribed as the Federal share of the cost of establishing an information center or travel information system the Federal share which is provided in section 120 of this title for a highway project on that Federal-aid system to be served by such center or system.

Subsecs. (*o*) to (q). Pub. L. 94–280, §122(b), added subsecs. (*o*) to (q).

**1975**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–643, §109(a), required reduction of Federal-aid highway funds apportioned on or after Jan. 1, 1975, or after the expiration of the next regular session of the State legislature, whichever is later, to any State which the Secretary determines has not made provision for effective control of the erection and maintenance along the Interstate System and the primary system of those additional outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices which are more than 660 feet off the nearest edge of the right-of-way, located outside of urban areas, visible from the main traveled way of the system, and erected with the purpose of their message being read from such main traveled way.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–643, §109(b), substituted “Effective control means that such signs, displays, or devices after January 1, 1968, if located within six hundred and sixty feet of the right-of-way and, on or after July 1, 1975, or after the expiration of the next regular session of the State legislature, whichever is later, if located beyond six hundred and sixty feet of the right-of-way, located outside of urban areas, visible from the main traveled way of the system, and erected with the purpose of their message being read from such main traveled way,” for “Effective control means that after January 1, 1968, such signs, displays, and devices”, deleted in cl. (1) “other” before “official signs”, and added cl. (4).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 93–643, §109(c), substituted first sentence reading “Just compensation shall be paid upon the removal of any outdoor advertising sign, display, or device lawfully erected under State law.” for prior first sentence which provided for payment of just compensation for removal of outdoor advertising signs, displays, and devices (1) lawfully in existence on Oct. 22, 1965, (2) lawfully on any highway made a part of the interstate or primary system on or after Oct. 22, 1965, and before Jan. 1, 1968, and (3) lawfully erected on or after Jan. 1, 1968.

**1970**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–605 authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $27,000,000, $20,500,000 and $50,000,000, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1971, 1972, and 1973, respectively.

**1968**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 90–495, §6(a), provided that whenever a bona fide State, county, or local zoning authority has made a determination of customary use, such determination will be accepted in lieu of controls by agreement in the zoned commercial and industrial areas within the geographical jurisdiction of such authority.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 90–495, §6(b), struck out provision for the imposition of controls on outdoor advertising by the Federal government that are stricter than those imposed by the State highway department.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 90–495, §6(c), inserted provision authorizing an appropriation of not to exceed $2,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 90–495, §6(d), added subsec. (n).

**1966**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted provisions making applicable to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section after June 30, 1967 the provisions of chapter 1 of this title relating to the obligation, period of availability and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds for provisions prohibiting the use of any part of the Highway Trust Fund in carrying out this section.

**1965**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–285 struck out specific reference to the area which lies within six-hundred and sixty feet of the edge of the right-of-way and which is visible from the right-of-way and instead made only general reference to the areas adjacent to the Interstate System and struck out reference to types of permissible signs.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–285 substituted provisions reducing by 10 per centum the apportioned share, on or after January 1, 1968, of any State not making provision for effective control of erection and maintenance of outdoor advertising signs, displays and devices within six-hundred and sixty feet of the nearest edge of the right of way and visible from the traveled portion, reapportioning withheld funds to other States, and allowing for suspension of such provisions in the discretion of the Secretary, for provisions which authorized the Secretary to enter into agreements with the States to carry out national policy on control of areas adjacent to the Interstate System.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89–285 substituted provisions setting out permissible types of signs as directional and other official signs and notices, signs advertising sale or lease of property on which the sign is located, and signs, displays, and devices advertising activities conducted on the property on which the sign is located, for provisions allowing for an increase in the Federal share payable under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, as amended, in the case of States entering into an agreement with the Secretary prior to July 1, 1965.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 89–285 substituted provisions allowing for agreements between the Secretary and the several States covering commercial or industrial property, for provisions covering control of the adjacent area when the Interstate System is located on or near public lands or reservations of the United States.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89–285 substituted provisions setting out the timetable for removal of signs, displays, and devices lawfully along Interstate System or Federal-aid primary system highways, for provisions allowing the inclusion of the cost of purchase or condemnation of the right to advertise or control advertising in the area adjacent to Interstate System right-of-way as part of the cost of construction.

Subsecs. (f) to (m). Pub. L. 89–285 added subsecs. (f) to (m).

**1963**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88–157 substituted “July 1, 1965” for “July 1, 1963”.

**1961**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 87–61 substituted “July 1, 1963” for “July 1, 1961”.

**1959**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–342 substituted “Agreements entered into between the Secretary of Commerce and State highway departments under this section shall not apply to those segments of the Interstate System which traverse commercial or industrial zones within the presently existing boundaries of incorporated municipalities wherein the use of real property adjacent to the Interstate System is subject to municipal regulation or control, or which traverse other areas where the land use, as of the date of approval of this Act, is clearly established by State law as industrial or commercial” for “Upon application of the State, any such agreement may, within the discretion of the Secretary of Commerce consistent with the national policy, provide for excluding from application of the national standards segments of the Interstate System which traverse incorporated municipalities wherein the use of real property adjacent to the Interstate System is subject to municipal regulation or control, or which traverse other areas where the land use is clearly established by State law as industrial or commercial.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(g), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 202, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) the practices of all States for determining businesses eligible for inclusion on such signs;

“(B) whether States allow businesses to be removed from such signs and the circumstances for such removal;

“(C) the practices of all States for erecting and maintaining such signs, including the time required for erecting such signs; and

“(D) whether States contract out the erection and maintenance of such signs.

“(2)

Section 1046(d) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section] shall not affect the status or validity of any existing compliance law or regulation adopted by a State pursuant to section 131 of title 23, United States Code.”

Section 1059 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Section 123 of Pub. L. 91–605, as amended by Pub. L. 93–6, Feb. 16, 1973, 87 Stat. 6, established the Commission on Highway Beautification to (1) study existing statutes and regulations governing control of outdoor advertising and junkyards in areas adjacent to Federal-aid highway system, (2) review policies and practices of Federal and State agencies charged with administrative jurisdiction over such highways insofar as such policies and practices relate to governing control of outdoor advertising and junkyards, (3) compile data necessary to understand and determine the requirements for such control which may now exist or are likely to exist within foreseeable future, (4) study problems relating to control of on-premise outdoor advertising signs, promotional signs, directional signs, and signs providing information that is essential to motoring public, (5) study methods of financing and possible sources of Federal funds, including use of the Highway Trust Fund, to carry out highway beautification program, and (6) recommend such modifications or additions to existing laws, regulations, policies, practices, and demonstration programs as will, in judgment of the Commission, achieve a workable and effective highway beautification program and best serve the public interest and to submit, not later than Dec. 31, 1973, its final report. The Commission terminated six months after submission of said report.

Section 302 of Pub. L. 89–285 provided that in order to provide the basis for evaluating the continuing programs authorized by Pub. L. 89–285, and to furnish the Congress with the information necessary for authorization of appropriations for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1967, the Secretary, in cooperation with the State highway departments, shall make a detailed estimate of the cost of carrying out the provisions of Pub. L. 89–285, and a comprehensive study of the economic impact of such programs on affected individuals and commercial and industrial enterprises, the effectiveness of such programs and the public and private benefits realized thereby, and alternate or improved methods of accomplishing the objectives of Pub. L. 89–285. The Secretary was required to submit such detailed estimate and a report concerning such comprehensive study to the Congress not later than Jan. 10, 1967.

Section 303 of Pub. L. 89–285 mandated the holding of public hearings by the Secretary of Commerce prior to the promulgation of standards, criteria and rules and regulations necessary to carry out this section and section 136 of this title, such standards, criteria, etc., to be reported to Congress not later than Jan. 10, 1967.

Section 305 of Pub. L. 89–285 provided that: “Nothing in this Act or the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 319 of this title and enacting section 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 135 and 136 of this title] shall be construed to authorize the use of eminent domain to acquire any dwelling (including related buildings).”

Section 401 of Pub. L. 89–285 provided that: “Nothing in this Act or the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 319 of this title and enacting section 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 131, 135, and 136 of this title] shall be construed to authorize private property to be taken or the reasonable and existing use restricted by such taking without just compensation as provided in this Act.”

Section 402 of Pub. L. 89–285, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, provided that: “In addition to any other amounts authorized by this Act and the amendments made by this Act [amending this section and section 319 of this title and enacting section 136 of this title and provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 135 and 136 of this title], there is authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the Secretary not to exceed $5,000,000 for administrative expenses in carrying out this Act (including amendments made by this Act).”

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1) direct the Secretary to transfer the funds for the Federal share of the project directly to the Federal agency; or

(2) make such deposit with, or payment to, the Federal agency as is required to meet the obligation of the State under the agreement for the work undertaken or to be undertaken by the Federal agency.

(b)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 86–657, §4(a), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 522; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1119(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1182.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 designated third sentence as subsec. (c), inserted heading, and substituted subsecs. (a) and (b) for first and second sentences which read as follows: “Where a proposed Federal-aid project is to be undertaken by a Federal agency pursuant to an agreement between a State and such Federal agency and the State makes a deposit with or payment to such Federal agency as may be required in fulfillment of the State's obligation under such agreement for the work undertaken or to be undertaken by such Federal agency, the Secretary, upon execution of a project agreement with such State for the proposed Federal-aid project, may reimburse the State out of the appropriate appropriations the estimated Federal share under the provisions of this title of the State's obligation so deposited or paid by such State. Upon completion of such project and its acceptance by the Secretary, an adjustment shall be made in such Federal share payable on account of such project based on the final cost thereof.”

(a)

(b)

(1) Construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, resurfacing, restoration, and operational improvements for highways (including Interstate highways) and bridges (including bridges on public roads of all functional classifications), including any such construction or reconstruction necessary to accommodate other transportation modes, and including the seismic retrofit and painting of and application of calcium magnesium acetate, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions on bridges and approaches thereto and other elevated structures, mitigation of damage to wildlife, habitat, and ecosystems caused by a transportation project funded under this title.

(2) Capital costs for transit projects eligible for assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, including vehicles and facilities, whether publicly or privately owned, that are used to provide intercity passenger service by bus.

(3) Carpool projects, fringe and corridor parking facilities and programs, bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways in accordance with section 217, and the modification of public sidewalks to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).

(4) Highway and transit safety infrastructure improvements and programs, hazard eliminations, projects to mitigate hazards caused by wildlife, and railway-highway grade crossings.

(5) Highway and transit research and development and technology transfer programs.

(6) Capital and operating costs for traffic monitoring, management, and control facilities and programs, including advanced truck stop electrification systems.

(7) Surface transportation planning programs.

(8) Transportation enhancement activities.

(9) Transportation control measures listed in section 108(f)(1)(A) (other than clause (xvi)) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7408(f)(1)(A)).

(10) Development and establishment of management systems under section 303.

(11) In accordance with all applicable Federal law and regulations, participation in natural habitat and wetlands mitigation efforts related to projects funded under this title, which may include participation in natural habitat and wetlands mitigation banks; contributions to statewide and regional efforts to conserve, restore, enhance, and create natural habitats and wetlands; and development of statewide and regional natural habitat and wetlands conservation and mitigation plans, including any such banks, efforts, and plans authorized pursuant to the Water Resources Development Act of 1990 (including crediting provisions). Contributions to such mitigation efforts may take place concurrent with or in advance of project construction. Contributions toward these efforts may occur in advance of project construction only if such efforts are consistent with all applicable requirements of Federal law and regulations and State transportation planning processes. With respect to participation in a natural habitat or wetland mitigation effort related to a project funded under this title that has an impact that occurs within the service area of a mitigation bank, preference shall be given, to the maximum extent practicable, to the use of the mitigation bank if the bank contains sufficient available credits to offset the impact and the bank is approved in accordance with the Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks (60 Fed. Reg. 58605 (November 28, 1995)) or other applicable Federal law (including regulations).

(12) Projects relating to intersections that—

(A) have disproportionately high accident rates;

(B) have high levels of congestion, as evidenced by—

(i) interrupted traffic flow at the intersection; and

(ii) a level of service rating that is not better than “F” during peak travel hours, calculated in accordance with the Highway Capacity Manual issued by the Transportation Research Board; and

(C) are located on a Federal-aid highway.

(13) Infrastructure-based intelligent transportation systems capital improvements.

(14) Environmental restoration and pollution abatement in accordance with section 328.

(15) Control of noxious weeds and aquatic noxious weeds and establishment of native species in accordance with section 329.

(c)

(d)

[(1) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172.]

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i) in urbanized areas of the State with an urbanized area population of over 200,000, and

(ii) in other areas of the State,

in proportion to their relative share of the State's population. The remaining 37.5 percent may be obligated in any area of the State. Funds attributed to an urbanized area under clause (i) may be obligated in the metropolitan area established under section 134 which encompasses the urbanized area.

(B)

(C)

(D)

(4)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) certifies that the State will meet all the requirements of this section; and

(ii) notifies the Secretary of the amount of obligations needed to carry out the program under this section.

(B)

(C)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(4)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(i) section 106 of such Act (16 U.S.C. 470f); and

(ii) the regulations of the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation.

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(I) funds from other Federal agencies and the value of other contributions (as determined by the Secretary) may be credited toward the non-Federal share of the costs of a project to carry out a transportation enhancement activity;

(II) the non-Federal share for such a project may be calculated on a project, multiple-project, or program basis; and

(III) the Federal share of the cost of an individual project to which subclause (I) or (II) applies may be up to 100 percent.

(f)

(1)

(A) the aggregate amount of funds that the State is required to obligate in the area under subsection (d) during the period; and

(B) the ratio that—

(i) the aggregate amount of obligation authority distributed to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs during the period; bears to

(ii) the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (excluding sums not subject to an obligation limitation) during the period.

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1007(a)(1), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1927; amended Pub. L. 103–429, §3(4), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§315, 316, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 586, 587; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1108(a)–(e), 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 138–140, 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(a)–(b)(2), (c)–(e), title VI, §6006(a)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171, 1172, 1872.)

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is Pub. L. 101–336, July 26, 1990, 104 Stat. 327, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 126 (§12101 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 12101 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Water Resources Development Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (b)(11), is Pub. L. 101–640, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4604. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1990 Amendment note set out under section 2201 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters, and Tables.

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (d)(5), is Pub. L. 91–646, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1894, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 61 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4601 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 170(h) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (d)(5)(A), is classified to section 170(h) of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

The National Historic Preservation Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(5)(B), is Pub. L. 89–665, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 915, as amended. Title II of the Act is classified generally to part B (§470i et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 1A of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 470 of Title 16 and Tables.

A prior section 133, Pub. L. 87–866, §5(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1146, provided for relocation assistance for persons displaced by Federal-aid highway construction, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 90–495, §37, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, effective July 1, 1970. See section 501 et seq. of this title.

**2005**—Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(a)(1), inserted “, including advanced truck stop electrification systems” before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(a)(2), added par. (12).

Subsec. (b)(14), (15). Pub. L. 109–59, §6006(a)(2), added pars. (14) and (15) and struck out former par. (14) which read as follows: “Environmental restoration and pollution abatement projects (including the retrofit or construction of storm water treatment systems) to address water pollution or environmental degradation caused or contributed to by transportation facilities, which projects shall be carried out when the transportation facilities are undergoing reconstruction, rehabilitation, resurfacing, or restoration; except that the expenditure of funds under this section for any such environmental restoration or pollution abatement project shall not exceed 20 percent of the total cost of the reconstruction, rehabilitation, resurfacing, or restoration project.”

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(b)(1), struck out heading and text of par. (1). Text read as follows: “10 percent of the funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(3) for the surface transportation program for a fiscal year shall only be available for carrying out sections 130 and 152 of this title. Of the funds set aside under the preceding sentence, the State shall reserve in such fiscal year an amount of such funds for carrying out each such section which is not less than the amount of funds apportioned to the State in fiscal year 1991 under such section.”

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(c), substituted “In a fiscal year, the greater of 10 percent of the funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(3) for such fiscal year, or the amount set aside under this paragraph with respect to the State for fiscal year 2005,” for “10 percent of the funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(3) for a fiscal year”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(b)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “90 percent” for “80 percent” in introductory provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(b)(2)(A)(i), substituted “subparagraph (C)” for “subparagraphs (C) and (D)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(b)(2)(B), substituted “to be” for “tobe”.

Subsec. (d)(3)(C) to (E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(b)(2)(C), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C), inserted period at end, redesignated par. (E) as (D), and struck out former subpar. (C) which related to special rule in the case of a State in which greater than 80 percent of the population of the State was located in 1 or more metropolitan statistical areas, and greater than 80 percent of the land area of such State was owned by the United States.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(e), amended directory language of Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(e). See 1998 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(d), substituted “2004 through 2006” for “1998 through 2000” and “2007 through 2009” for “2001 through 2003” in introductory provisions.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(1), inserted “, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions” after “calcium magnesium acetate”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(2), substituted “, including vehicles and facilities, whether publicly or privately owned, that are used to provide intercity passenger service by bus” for “and publicly owned intracity or intercity bus terminals and facilities”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(3), substituted “bicycle” for “and bicycle” and inserted before period at end “, and the modification of public sidewalks to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.)”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(4), substituted “Highway and transit safety infrastructure” for “Highway and transit safety”.

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(5), substituted “section 108(f)(1)(A) (other than clause (xvi)) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7408(f)(1)(A))” for “section 108(f)(1)(A) (other than clauses (xii) and (xvi)) of the Clean Air Act”.

Subsec. (b)(11). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(6), in first sentence, inserted “natural habitat and” after “participation in” in two places and also before “wetlands conservation and mitigation plans” and substituted “enhance, and create natural habitats and wetlands” for “enhance and create wetlands” and inserted at end “With respect to participation in a natural habitat or wetland mitigation effort related to a project funded under this title that has an impact that occurs within the service area of a mitigation bank, preference shall be given, to the maximum extent practicable, to the use of the mitigation bank if the bank contains sufficient available credits to offset the impact and the bank is approved in accordance with the Federal Guidance for the Establishment, Use and Operation of Mitigation Banks (60 Fed. Reg. 58605 (November 28, 1995)) or other applicable Federal law (including regulations).”

Subsec. (b)(13), (14). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(a)(7), added pars. (13) and (14).

Subsec. (d)(3)(D). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(b)(1), substituted “Hawaii and Alaska” for “any State which is noncontiguous with the continental United States.”

Subsec. (d)(5)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(c), added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: “The Governor of each State shall certify before the beginning of each quarter of a fiscal year that the State will meet all the requirements of this section and shall notify the Secretary of the amount of obligations expected to be incurred for surface transportation program projects during such quarter. A State may request adjustment to the obligation amounts later in each of such quarters. Acceptance of the notification and certification shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for the payment of the surface transportation program funds expected to be obligated by the State in such quarter for projects not subject to review by the Secretary under this chapter.”

Subsec. (e)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(d), struck out at end “Payments shall not exceed the Federal share of costs incurred as of the date the State requests payments.”

Subsec. (e)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(b)(2)(A), struck out before period at end “if the Secretary certifies for the fiscal year that the State has authorized and uses a process for the selection of transportation enhancement projects that involves representatives of affected public entities, and private citizens, with expertise related to transportation enhancement activities”.

Subsec. (e)(5)(C). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(b)(2)(B), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1108(e), as amended by Pub. L. 109–59, §1113(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A State which is required to obligate in an urbanized area with an urbanized area population of over 200,000 under subsection (d) funds apportioned to it under section 104(b)(3) shall allocate during the 6-fiscal year period 1992 through 1997 an amount of obligation authority distributed to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction for use in such area determined by multiplying—

“(1) the aggregate amount of funds which the State is required to obligate in such area under subsection (d) during such period; by

“(2) the ratio of the aggregate amount of obligation authority distributed to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction during such period to the total sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction (excluding sums not subject to an obligation limitation) during such period.”

**1995**—Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 104–59, §315, added par. (5).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 104–59, §316(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. (A) heading, realigned margins, substituted “Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the” for “The”, and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (e)(5). Pub. L. 104–59, §316(2), added par. (5).

**1994**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(b)(3), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172, provided that: “Paragraph (1) and paragraph (2)(A)(ii) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 2005.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172, provided that the amendment made by section 1113(c) is effective Oct. 1, 2005.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172, provided that the amendment made by section 1113(e) is effective June 9, 1998.

Section effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1108(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 141, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §113(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1606, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1108(g), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 141, provided that: “The Secretary shall encourage the States to enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with qualified youth conservation or service corps to perform appropriate transportation enhancement activities under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code.”

(a)

(1) encourage and promote the safe and efficient management, operation, and development of surface transportation systems that will serve the mobility needs of people and freight and foster economic growth and development within and between States and urbanized areas, while minimizing transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution through metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes identified in this chapter; and

(2) encourage the continued improvement and evolution of the metropolitan and statewide transportation planning processes by metropolitan planning organizations, State departments of transportation, and public transit operators as guided by the planning factors identified in subsection (h) and section 135(d).

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5) TIP.—The term “TIP” means a transportation improvement program developed by a metropolitan planning organization under subsection (j).

(6)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(d)

(1)

(A) by agreement between the Governor and units of general purpose local government that together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population (including the largest incorporated city (based on population) as named by the Bureau of the Census); or

(B) in accordance with procedures established by applicable State or local law.

(2)

(A) local elected officials;

(B) officials of public agencies that administer or operate major modes of transportation in the metropolitan area; and

(C) appropriate State officials.

(3)

(A) develop the plans and TIPs for adoption by a metropolitan planning organization; and

(B) develop long-range capital plans, coordinate transit services and projects, and carry out other activities pursuant to State law.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) shall encompass at least the existing urbanized area and the contiguous area expected to become urbanized within a 20-year forecast period for the transportation plan; and

(B) may encompass the entire metropolitan statistical area or consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census.

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) shall be established in the manner described in subsection (d)(1);

(B) shall encompass the areas described in paragraph (2)(A);

(C) may encompass the areas described in paragraph (2)(B); and

(D) may address any nonattainment area identified under the Clean Air Act for ozone or carbon monoxide.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) to enter into agreements or compacts, not in conflict with any law of the United States, for cooperative efforts and mutual assistance in support of activities authorized under this section as the activities pertain to interstate areas and localities within the States; and

(B) to establish such agencies, joint or otherwise, as the States may determine desirable for making the agreements and compacts effective.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i) establish with the Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land in the Lake Tahoe region a transportation planning process for the region; and

(ii) coordinate the transportation planning process with the planning process required of State and local governments under this section and section 135.

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(I)

(II)

(D)

(i) shall be selected for funding in a manner that facilitates the participation of the Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land in the Lake Tahoe region; and

(ii) may, in accordance with chapter 2, be funded using funds allocated under section 202.

(4)

(g) MPO

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) recipients of assistance under chapter 53 of title 49;

(B) governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations (including representatives of the agencies and organizations) that receive Federal assistance from a source other than the Department of Transportation to provide nonemergency transportation services; and

(C) recipients of assistance under section 204.

(h)

(1)

(A) support the economic vitality of the metropolitan area, especially by enabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;

(B) increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(C) increase the security of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(D) increase the accessibility and mobility of people and for freight;

(E) protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and State and local planned growth and economic development patterns;

(F) enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes, for people and freight;

(G) promote efficient system management and operation; and

(H) emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system.

(2)

(i)

(1)

(A) Any area designated as nonattainment, as defined in section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)).

(B) Any area that was nonattainment and subsequently designated to attainment in accordance with section 107(d)(3) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)(3)) and that is subject to a maintenance plan under section 175A of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7505a).

In the case of any other area required to have a transportation plan in accordance with the requirements of this subsection, the metropolitan planning organization shall prepare and update such plan every 5 years unless the metropolitan planning organization elects to update more frequently.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i) comparison of transportation plans with State conservation plans or maps, if available; or

(ii) comparison of transportation plans to inventories of natural or historic resources, if available.

(5)

(A)

(B)

(i) shall be developed in consultation with all interested parties; and

(ii) shall provide that all interested parties have reasonable opportunities to comment on the contents of the transportation plan.

(C)

(i) hold any public meetings at convenient and accessible locations and times;

(ii) employ visualization techniques to describe plans; and

(iii) make public information available in electronically accessible format and means, such as the World Wide Web, as appropriate to afford reasonable opportunity for consideration of public information under subparagraph (A).

(6)

(7)

(j)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) demonstrates how the TIP can be implemented;

(ii) indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be available to carry out the program;

(iii) identifies innovative financing techniques to finance projects, programs, and strategies; and

(iv) may include, for illustrative purposes, additional projects that would be included in the approved TIP if reasonable additional resources beyond those identified in the financial plan were available.

(C)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(D)

(4)

(5)

(A)

(i) by—

(I) in the case of projects under this title, the State; and

(II) in the case of projects under chapter 53 of title 49, the designated recipients of public transportation funding; and

(ii) in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization.

(B)

(6)

(A)

(B)

(7)

(A)

(B)

(k)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(A)

(i) ensure that the metropolitan planning process of a metropolitan planning organization serving a transportation management area is being carried out in accordance with applicable provisions of Federal law; and

(ii) subject to subparagraph (B), certify, not less often than once every 4 years, that the requirements of this paragraph are met with respect to the metropolitan planning process.

(B)

(i) the transportation planning process complies with the requirements of this section and other applicable requirements of Federal law; and

(ii) there is a TIP for the metropolitan planning area that has been approved by the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor.

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(D)

(*l*)

(1)

(2)

(m)

(1)

(2)

(n)

(*o*)

(p)

(Added Pub. L. 87–866, §9(a), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1148; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §143, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §169, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2723; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1024(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1955; Pub. L. 102–388, title V, §502(b), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1566; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(5), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4377; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §317, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 588; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1203(a)–(m), (*o*), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 170–179; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(c), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 839; Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6001(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1839; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(n), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576.)

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (e)(4), (5)(D), (g)(1), (i)(3), (*l*)(2), and (m)(1), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (e)(4), (5), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Public Law 96–551, referred to in subsec. (f)(3)(A), (C)(ii)(II), is Pub. L. 96–551, Dec. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 3233, which is not classified to the Code.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (p), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2008**—Subsec. (f)(3)(C)(ii)(II). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(n)(1), added subcl. (II) and struck out former subcl. (II). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In addition to funds made available to the metropolitan planning organization for the Lake Tahoe region under other provisions of this title and under chapter 53 of title 49, 1 percent of the funds allocated under section 202 shall be used to carry out the transportation planning process for the Lake Tahoe region under this subparagraph.”

Subsec. (j)(3)(D). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(n)(2), inserted “or the identified phase” after “the project” in two places.

Subsec. (k)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(n)(3), struck out “a metropolitan planning area serving” before “a transportation management area,”.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to metropolitan transportation planning for provisions relating to, in subsec. (a), general requirements for development of transportation plans and programs for urbanized areas, in subsec. (b), designation of metropolitan planning organizations, in subsec. (c), determination of metropolitan planning area boundaries, in subsec. (d), coordination of transportation planning in multistate metropolitan areas, in subsec. (e), coordination of metropolitan planning organizations, in subsec. (f), scope of the planning process, in subsec. (g), development of a long-range transportation plan, in subsec. (h), development of a metropolitan area transportation improvement program, in subsec. (i), designation of transportation management areas, in subsec. (j), abbreviated plans and programs for areas not designated as transportation management areas, in subsec. (k), transfer of funds, in subsec. (*l*), additional requirements for nonattainment areas under the Clean Air Act,in subsec. (m), limitation on statutory construction, in subsec. (n), funding, and in subsec. (*o*), review of plans and programs under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “It is in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems embracing various modes of transportation in a manner which will efficiently maximize mobility of people and goods within and through urbanized areas and minimize transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution. To accomplish this objective, metropolitan planning organizations, in cooperation with the State, shall develop transportation plans and programs for urbanized areas of the State. Such plans and programs shall provide for the development of transportation facilities (including pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) which will function as an intermodal transportation system for the State, the metropolitan areas, and the Nation. The process for developing such plans and programs shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems.”

Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(b)(1), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

“(1)

“(2)

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(b)(2), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Designations of metropolitan planning organizations, whether made under this section or other provisions of law, shall remain in effect until redesignated under paragraph (5) or revoked by agreement among the Governor and units of general purpose local government which together represent at least 75 percent of the affected population or as otherwise provided under State or local procedures.”

Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(b)(3), substituted “agreement between the Governor” for “agreement among the Governor” and “government that together represent” for “government which together represent”.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(b)(4), amended heading and text of par. (6) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “More than 1 metropolitan planning organization may be designated within an urbanized area as defined by the Bureau of the Census only if the Governor determines that the size and complexity of the urbanized area make designation of more than 1 metropolitan planning organization for such area appropriate.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(c), inserted “Planning” before “Area” in subsec. heading, designated first sentence as par. (1), inserted par. heading, and inserted “planning” before “area”, added pars. (2) to (4), realigned margins, and struck out at end “Each metropolitan area shall cover at least the existing urbanized area and the contiguous area expected to become urbanized within the 20-year forecast period and may encompass the entire metropolitan statistical area or consolidated metropolitan statistical area, as defined by the Bureau of the Census. For areas designated as nonattainment areas for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act, the boundaries of the metropolitan area shall at least include the boundaries of the nonattainment area, except as otherwise provided by agreement between the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(d), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(1)

“(2)

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(e), substituted “MPOs” for “MPO's” in subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. heading, added par. (2), and realigned margins.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (f) generally, substituting provisions relating to scope of planning process for provisions relating to factors to be considered in developing transportation plans and programs.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(6), substituted “Long-Range Transportation Plan” for “Long Range Plan” in heading.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(8), substituted “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan”.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(1), (7), (8), substituted “Long-range transportation plan” for “Long range plan” in heading and substituted “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan” and “contain, at a minimum, the following” for “, at a minimum” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(2), (8), substituted “An identification of” for “Identify” and “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan”.

Subsec. (g)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(3), added subpar. (B) and struck out former subpar. (B) which read as follows: “Include a financial plan that demonstrates how the long-range plan can be implemented, indicates resources from public and private sources that are reasonably expected to be made available to carry out the plan, and recommends any innovative financing techniques to finance needed projects and programs, including such techniques as value capture, tolls and congestion pricing.”

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(8), substituted “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan”.

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(4), (8), substituted “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan” in two places and inserted “freight shippers, providers of freight transportation services,” after “transportation agency employees,” and “representatives of users of public transit,” after “private providers of transportation,”.

Subsec. (g)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(7), (8), substituted “long-range transportation plan” for “long range plan” in heading and in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (g)(6). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(g)(5), added par. (6).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(h), amended heading and text of subsec. (h) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to transportation improvement program, providing for development of program, priority and selection of projects, major capital investments, requirement of inclusion of projects within area proposed for funding, and provision of reasonable notice and opportunity to comment for interested citizens.

Subsec. (h)(5)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(*o*), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(c), struck out “for implementation” after “federally funded projects” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(i)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall designate as transportation management areas all urbanized areas over 200,000 population. The Secretary shall designate any additional area as a transportation management area upon the request of the Governor and the metropolitan planning organization designated for such area or the affected local officials. Such additional areas shall include upon such a request the Lake Tahoe Basin as defined by Public Law 96–551.”

Subsec. (i)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(i)(2), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “All projects carried out within the boundaries of a transportation management area with Federal participation pursuant to this title (excluding projects undertaken on the National Highway System and pursuant to the bridge and Interstate maintenance programs) or pursuant to chapter 53 of title 49 shall be selected by the metropolitan planning organization designated for such area in consultation with the State and in conformance with the transportation improvement program for such area and priorities established therein. Projects undertaken within the boundaries of a transportation management area on the National Highway System or pursuant to the bridge and Interstate maintenance programs shall be selected by the State in cooperation with the metropolitan planning organization designated for such area and shall be in conformance with the transportation improvement program for such area.”

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(i)(3), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall assure that each metropolitan planning organization in each transportation management area is carrying out its responsibilities under applicable provisions of Federal law, and shall so certify at least once every 3 years. The Secretary may make such certification only if (1) a metropolitan planning organization is complying with the requirements of this section and other applicable requirements of Federal law, and (2) there is a transportation improvement program for the area that has been approved by the metropolitan planning organization and the Governor. If after September 30, 1993, a metropolitan planning organization is not certified by the Secretary, the Secretary may withhold, in whole or in part, the apportionment under section 104(b)(3) attributed to the relevant metropolitan area pursuant to section 133(d)(3) and capital funds apportioned under the formula program under section 5336 of title 49. If a metropolitan planning organization remains uncertified for more than 2 consecutive years after September 30, 1994, 20 percent of the apportionment attributed to that metropolitan area under section 133(d)(3) and capital funds apportioned under the formula program under section 5336 of title 49 shall be withheld. The withheld apportionments shall be restored to the metropolitan area at such time as the metropolitan planning organization is certified by the Secretary. The Secretary shall not withhold certification under this section based upon the policies and criteria established by a metropolitan planning organization or transit grant recipient for determining the feasibility of private enterprise participation in accordance with section 5306(a) of title 49.”

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(j), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For metropolitan areas not designated as transportation management areas under this section, the Secretary may provide for the development of abbreviated metropolitan transportation plans and programs that the Secretary determines to be appropriate to achieve the purposes of this section, taking into account the complexity of transportation problems, including transportation related air quality problems, in such areas. In no event shall the Secretary provide abbreviated plans or programs for metropolitan areas which are in nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act.”

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(k), designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted heading, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(*l*), amended heading and text of subsec. (n) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Any funds set aside pursuant to section 104(f) of this title that are not used for the purpose of carrying out this section may be made available by the metropolitan planning organization to the State for the purpose of funding activities under section 135.”

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 105–178, §1203(m), added subsec. (*o*).

**1995**—Subsec. (f)(16). Pub. L. 104–59 added par. (16).

**1994**—Subsecs. (h)(5), (i)(3), (4). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(5)(A), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (i)(5). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(5)(B), substituted “section 5336 of title 49” for “section 9 of the Federal Transit Act” in two places and “section 5306(a) of title 49” for “section 8(*o*) of the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(5)(C), (D), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act” wherever appearing and “chapter 53 funds” for “Federal Transit Act funds”.

Subsecs. (*l*), (m). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(5)(C), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

**1992**—Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–388 inserted at end “The provisions of title 23, United States Code, regarding the non-Federal share shall apply to title 23 funds used for transit projects and the provisions of the Federal Transit Act regarding non-Federal share shall apply to Federal Transit Act funds used for highway projects.”

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: “Transportation planning in certain urban areas” and amended text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions relating to transportation planning in certain urban areas, including provisions stating transportation objectives, requiring continuing comprehensive planning process by States and local communities, and relating to redesignation of metropolitan planning organizations, designation of contiguous interstate areas as critical transportation regions and corridors, establishment of planning bodies for such regions and corridors, and authorization of appropriations.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, §169(a), inserted provisions related to cooperation with local officials and specific considerations in the planning process.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–599, §169(b), added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsec. (b) as (c).

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted provision prohibiting a highway construction project in any urban area of 50,000 or more population unless responsible public officials of such area have been consulted and their views considered with respect to the corridor, the location, and the design of the project, and added subsec. (b).

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6001(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1857, provided that: “The Secretary [of Transportation] shall issue guidance on a schedule for implementation of the changes made by this section [amending this section and section 135 of this title], taking into consideration the established planning update cycle for States and metropolitan planning organizations. The Secretary shall not require a State or metropolitan planning organization to deviate from its established planning update cycle to implement changes made by this section. Beginning July 1, 2007, State or metropolitan planning organization plan or program updates shall reflect changes made by this section.”

Section 155 of Pub. L. 95–599 authorized Secretary of Transportation to carry out a demonstration project in a metropolitan area respecting the restriction of access of motor vehicles to the central business district during peak hours of traffic, authorized the necessary appropriations, and required progress reports and a final report and recommendations not later than three years after Nov. 6, 1978.

Section 159 of Pub. L. 95–599 directed Secretary to conduct a study and submit a report to Congress not later than two years after Nov. 6, 1978, respecting the potential for reducing urban blight adjacent to Federal-aid primary and interstate highways located in central business districts.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §149, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 447, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study of the factors involved in planning, selection, etc., of Federal-aid urban system routes including an analysis of organizations carrying out the planning process, the status of jurisdiction over roads, programing responsibilities under local and State laws, and authority of local units, such study to be submitted to Congress within six months of May 5, 1976.

Pub. L. 90–495, §11, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820, authorized Secretary to approve construction of publicly owned parking facilities under this title until June 30, 1971, as a demonstration project, authorized the Federal share of any project under this section to be 50%, prevented approval of projects by the Secretary unless the State or political subdivision thereof where the project is located can construct, maintain, and operate the facility, unless the Secretary has entered into an agreement with the State or political subdivision governing the financing, maintenance, and operation of the facility, and unless the Secretary has approved design standards for construction of the facility, defined “parking facilities”, permitted a State or political subdivision to contract for the operation of such facility, prohibited approval of the project by the Secretary unless it is carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title (this section), and required annual reports to Congress on the demonstration projects approved under this section, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §134(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1734. See section 137 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1) coordinate planning carried out under this section with the transportation planning activities carried out under section 134 for metropolitan areas of the State and with statewide trade and economic development planning activities and related multistate planning efforts; and

(2) develop the transportation portion of the State implementation plan as required by the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(1)

(A) support the economic vitality of the United States, the States, nonmetropolitan areas, and metropolitan areas, especially by enabling global competitiveness, productivity, and efficiency;

(B) increase the safety of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(C) increase the security of the transportation system for motorized and nonmotorized users;

(D) increase the accessibility and mobility of people and freight;

(E) protect and enhance the environment, promote energy conservation, improve the quality of life, and promote consistency between transportation improvements and State and local planned growth and economic development patterns;

(F) enhance the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes throughout the State, for people and freight;

(G) promote efficient system management and operation; and

(H) emphasize the preservation of the existing transportation system.

(2)

(e)

(1) with respect to nonmetropolitan areas, the concerns of affected local officials with responsibility for transportation;

(2) the concerns of Indian tribal governments and Federal land management agencies that have jurisdiction over land within the boundaries of the State; and

(3) coordination of transportation plans, the transportation improvement program, and planning activities with related planning activities being carried out outside of metropolitan planning areas and between States.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(i)

(ii)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i) hold any public meetings at convenient and accessible locations and times;

(ii) employ visualization techniques to describe plans; and

(iii) make public information available in electronically accessible format and means, such as the World Wide Web, as appropriate to afford reasonable opportunity for consideration of public information under subparagraph (A).

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(D)

(i) consistent with the statewide transportation plan developed under this section for the State;

(ii) identical to the project or phase of the project as described in an approved metropolitan transportation plan; and

(iii) in conformance with the applicable State air quality implementation plan developed under the Clean Air Act, if the project is carried out in an area designated as nonattainment for ozone, particulate matter, or carbon monoxide under such Act.

(E)

(F)

(G)

(i)

(ii)

(H)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(h)

(i)

(j)

(Added Pub. L. 90–495, §10(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(g), 125, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1718, 1729; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §119, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §123(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1025(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1962; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(6), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1204(a)–(h), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 180–184; Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6001(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1851.)

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2) and (g)(4)(D)(iii), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

A prior section 135, Pub. L. 89–139, §4(a), Aug. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 578, called for a highway safety program in each State approved by the Secretary, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(a), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734. See section 402 of this title.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to statewide transportation planning for provisions relating to, in subsec. (a), development of plans and programs by each State, in subsec. (b), coordination of State with Federal planning, in subsec. (c), scope of planning process, in subsec. (d), additional minimum requirements for each State to consider, in subsec. (e), development of a long-range transportation plan, in subsec. (f), development of a State transportation improvement program, in subsec. (g), funding, in subsec. (h), treatment of certain State laws as congestion management systems, and, in subsec. (i), review of plans and programs under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “It is in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems embracing various modes of transportation in a manner that will serve all areas of the State efficiently and effectively. Subject to section 134 of this title, the State shall develop transportation plans and programs for all areas of the State. Such plans and programs shall provide for development of transportation facilities (including pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) which will function as an intermodal State transportation system. The process for developing such plans and programs shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(b), inserted “and sections 5303 through 5305 of title 49” after “section 134 of this title”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(c), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally, substituting provisions relating to scope of planning process for provisions relating to considerations to be involved in State's continuous transportation planning process.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(d), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Each State in carrying out planning under this section shall, at a minimum, consider the following:

“(1) The coordination of transportation plans and programs developed for metropolitan areas of the State under section 134 with the State transportation plans and programs developed under this section and the reconciliation of such plans and programs as necessary to ensure connectivity within transportation systems.

“(2) Investment strategies to improve adjoining State and local roads that support rural economic growth and tourism development, Federal agency renewable resources management, and multipurpose land management practices, including recreation development.

“(3) The concerns of Indian tribal governments having jurisdiction over lands within the boundaries of the State.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The State shall develop a long-range transportation plan for all areas of the State. With respect to metropolitan areas of the State, the plan shall be developed in cooperation with metropolitan planning organizations designated for metropolitan areas in the State under section 134. With respect to areas of the State under the jurisdiction of an Indian tribal government, the plan shall be developed in cooperation with such government and the Secretary of the Interior. In developing the plan, the State shall provide citizens, affected public agencies, representatives of transportation agency employees, other affected employee representatives, private providers of transportation, and other interested parties with a reasonable opportunity to comment on the proposed plan. In addition, the State shall develop a long-range plan for bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways for appropriate areas of the State which shall be incorporated into the long-range transportation plan.”

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(f), amended heading and text of subsec. (f) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to transportation improvement programs, including program development, requirement for inclusion of certain projects for State transportation improvement program, project selection for areas less than 50,000 population, and requirement of biennial review and approval.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(g), which directed substitution of “section 505(a)” for “section 307(c)(1)” in section 134(g), was executed by making the substitution in subsec. (g) of this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1204(h), added subsec. (i).

**1994**—Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(6)(A), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(6)(B), substituted “sections 5303–5306 and 5323(k) of title 49” for “section 8 of the Federal Transit Act, United States Code” and “section 8 of such Act”.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: “Traffic operations improvement programs”, and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows:

“(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares it to be in the national interest that each State shall have a continuing program designed to reduce traffic congestion and facilitate the flow of traffic.

“(b) The Secretary may approve under this section any project for improvements on any public road which project will directly facilitate and control traffic flow on any of the Federal-aid systems.”

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280 struck out introductory words “Urban area” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280 struck out “within the designated boundaries of urban areas of the State” and “in the urban areas” after “continuing program” and “flow of traffic”, respectively.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “any project for improvements on any public road which project will directly facilitate and control traffic flow on any of the Federal-aid systems” for “any project on an extension of the Federal-aid primary or secondary system in urban areas and on the Federal-aid urban system for improvements which directly facilitate and control traffic flow, such as grade separation of intersections, widening of lanes, channelization of traffic, traffic control systems, and loading and unloading ramps. If such project is located in an urban area of more than fifty thousand population, such project shall be based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–280 struck out subsec. (c) which provided for an annual report by the Secretary on projects approved under this section with recommendations for further improvement of traffic operations in accordance with this section.

**1973**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 93–87 struck out subsec. (c) which provided for apportionment of sums authorized to carry out this section in accordance with section 104(b)(3) of this title, and redesignated subsec. (d) as (c).

**1970**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605 inserted reference to the Federal-aid urban system and required that projects under this section be based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title only in urban areas of more than fifty thousand population.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1204(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 184, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5512, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1828, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §111(g)(2), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) to implement TRANSIMS;

“(B) to develop methods for TRANSIMS applications to transportation planning, air quality analysis, regulatory compliance, and response to natural disasters and other transportation disruptions; and

“(C) to provide training and technical assistance for the implementation of TRANSIMS.

“(b)

“(1) provide funding to State departments of transportation and metropolitan planning organizations serving transportation management areas designated under chapter 52 [53] of title 49, United States Code, representing a diversity of populations, geographic regions, and analytic needs to implement TRANSIMS;

“(2) develop methods to demonstrate a wide spectrum of TRANSIMS applications to support local, metropolitan, statewide transportation planning, including integrating highway and transit operational considerations into the transportation Planning process, and estimating the effects of induced travel demand and transit ridership in making transportation conformity determinations where applicable;

“(3) provide training and technical assistance with respect to the implementation and application of TRANSIMS to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling;

“(4) to further develop TRANSIMS for additional applications, including—

“(A) congestion analyses;

“(B) major investment studies;

“(C) economic impact analyses;

“(D) alternative analyses;

“(E) freight movement studies;

“(F) emergency evacuation studies;

“(G) port studies;

“(H) airport access studies;

“(I) induced demand studies; and

“(J) transit ridership analysis.

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1210, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 187, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) to provide for completion of the advanced transportation model developed under the Transportation Analysis Simulation System (referred to in this section as ‘TRANSIMS’); and

“(2) to provide support for early deployment of the advanced transportation modeling computer software and graphics package developed under TRANSIMS and the program established under this section to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling.

“(b)

“(1) provide funding for completion of core development of the advanced transportation model;

“(2) develop user-friendly advanced transportation modeling computer software and graphics packages;

“(3) provide training and technical assistance with respect to the implementation and application of the advanced transportation model to States, local governments, and metropolitan planning organizations with responsibility for travel modeling; and

“(4) allocate funds to not more than 12 entities described in paragraph (3), representing a diversity of populations and geographic regions, for a pilot program to enable transportation management areas designated under section 134(i) of title 23, United States Code, to convert from the use of travel forecasting procedures in use by the areas as of the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998] to the use of the advanced transportation model.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(3)

“(A) any activity described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b) shall not exceed 100 percent; and

“(B) any activity described in subsection (b)(4) shall not exceed 80 percent.”

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §154, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2716, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to carry out a demonstration project of the use of a sophisticated automated roadway management system to increase the capacity and safety of automobile travel in high density travel corridors without providing additional lanes of pavement. The management system shall coordinate the traffic flow in major freeways and arterials servicing the travel corridor by use of an integrated system of vehicle sensors to monitor traffic, computers to assess traffic conditions throughout the corridor, and devices to communicate with drivers, police, and emergency equipment.

“(b) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of the Highway Trust Fund, not to exceed $1,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, not to exceed $2,500,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and not to exceed $26,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981.

“(c) The Federal share payable on account of any project authorized under this section shall not exceed 90 per centum of the total cost thereof.

“(d) Funds authorized by this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, except that the Federal share of the cost of any project under this section shall not exceed 90 per centum.”

Section 146 of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to carry out traffic control signalization demonstration projects designed to demonstrate through the use of technology not now in general use the increased capacity of existing highways, the conservation of fuel, the decrease in traffic congestion, the improvement in air and noise quality, and the furtherance of highway safety, giving priority to those projects providing coordinated signalization of two or more intersections. Such projects can be carried out on any highway whether on or off a Federal-aid system.

“(b) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section of the Highway Trust Fund, not to exceed $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978.

“(c) Each participating State shall report to the Secretary of Transportation not later than September 30, 1977, and not later than September 30 of each year thereafter, on the progress being made in implementing this section and the effectiveness of the improvements made under it. Each report shall include an analysis and evaluation of the benefits resulting from such projects comparing an adequate time period before and after treatment in order to properly assess the benefits occurring from such traffic control signalization. The Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to the Congress not later than January 1, 1978, on the progress being made in implementing this section and an evaluation of the benefits resulting therefrom.”

Pub. L. 89–285, title III, §304, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1033, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, provided that: “There is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $500,000 to enable the Secretary to carry out his functions under section 135 of title 23 of the United States Code relating to highway safety programs.”

(a) The Congress hereby finds and declares that the establishment and use and maintenance of junkyards in areas adjacent to the Interstate System and the primary system should be controlled in order to protect the public investment in such highways, to promote the safety and recreational value of public travel, and to preserve natural beauty.

(b) Federal-aid highway funds apportioned on or after January 1, 1968, to any State which the Secretary determines has not made provision for effective control of the establishment and maintenance along the Interstate System and the primary system of outdoor junkyards, which are within one thousand feet of the nearest edge of the right-of-way and visible from the main traveled way of the system, shall be reduced by amounts equal to 10 per centum of the amounts which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title, until such time as such State shall provide for such effective control. Any amount which is withheld from apportionment to any State hereunder shall be reapportioned to the other States. Whenever he determines it to be in the public interest, the Secretary may suspend, for such periods as he deems necessary, the application of this subsection to a State.

(c) Effective control means that by January 1, 1968, such junkyards shall be screened by natural objects, plantings, fences, or other appropriate means so as not to be visible from the main traveled way of the system, or shall be removed from sight.

(d) The term “junk” shall mean old or scrap copper, brass, rope, rags, batteries, paper, trash, rubber debris, waste, or junked, dismantled, or wrecked automobiles, or parts thereof, iron, steel, and other old or scrap ferrous or nonferrous material.

(e) The term “automobile graveyard” shall mean any establishment or place of business which is maintained, used, or operated for storing, keeping, buying, or selling wrecked, scrapped, ruined, or dismantled motor vehicles or motor vehicle parts.

(f) The term “junkyard” shall mean an establishment or place of business which is maintained, operated, or used for storing, keeping, buying, or selling junk, or for the maintenance or operation of an automobile graveyard, and the term shall include garbage dumps and sanitary fills.

(g) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, junkyards, auto graveyards, and scrap metal processing facilities may be operated within areas adjacent to the Interstate System and the primary system which are within one thousand feet of the nearest edge of the right-of-way and which are zoned industrial under authority of State law, or which are not zoned under authority of State law, but are used for industrial activities, as determined by the several States subject to approval by the Secretary.

(h) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, any junkyard in existence on the date of enactment of this section which does not conform to the requirements of this section and which the Secretary finds as a practical matter cannot be screened, shall not be required to be removed until July 1, 1970.

(i) The Federal share of landscaping and screening costs under this section shall be 75 per centum.

(j) Just compensation shall be paid the owner for the relocation, removal, or disposal of junkyards lawfully established under State law. The Federal share of such compensation shall be 75 per centum.

(k) All public lands or reservations of the United States which are adjacent to any portion of the interstate and primary systems shall be effectively controlled in accordance with the provisions of this section.

(*l*) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a State from establishing standards imposing stricter limitations with respect to outdoor junkyards on the Federal-aid highway systems than those established under this section.

(m) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, not to exceed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, not to exceed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1971, not to exceed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1972, and not to exceed $5,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973. The provisions of this chapter relating to the obligation, period of availability, and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds shall apply to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section after June 30, 1967.

(Added Pub. L. 89–285, title II, §201, Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1030; amended Pub. L. 89–574, §8(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 90–495, §6(e), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §122(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1726; Pub. L. 93–643, §110, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2285.)

**1975**—Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 93–643 substituted provision that compensation shall be paid the owner for the relocation, removal, or disposal of junkyards lawfully established under State law, for provision relating to payment of just compensation for relocation, removal, or disposal of junkyards (1) lawfully in existence on Oct. 22, 1965, (2) lawfully along any highway made a part of the interstate or primary system on or after Oct. 22, 1965, and before Jan. 1, 1968, and (3) lawfully established on or after Jan. 1, 1968.

**1970**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 91–605 authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $3,000,000, $3,000,000, and $5,000,000, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1971, 1972, and 1973, respectively.

**1968**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 90–495 inserted provision authorizing an appropriation of not to exceed $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

**1966**—Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted provisions making applicable to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section after June 30, 1967, the provisions of chapter 1 of this title relating to the obligation, period of availability, and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds for provisions prohibiting the use of any part of the Highway Trust Fund in carrying out this section.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective August 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 502 of this title.

Prohibition against the use of eminent domain to acquire any dwelling (including related buildings) under the terms of Pub. L. 89–285, see section 305 of Pub. L. 89–285, set out as a note under section 131 of this title.

Prohibition against the taking of private property or the restriction of reasonable and existing use by such taking without just compensation under the terms of Pub. L. 89–285, see section 401 of Pub. L. 89–285, set out as a note under section 131 of this title.

(a) The Secretary may approve as a project on a Federal-aid highway the acquisition of land adjacent to the right-of-way outside a central business district, as defined by the Secretary, and the construction of publicly owned parking facilities thereon or within such right-of-way, including the use of the air space above and below the established grade line of the highway pavement, to serve an urban area of fifty thousand population or more. Such parking facility shall be located and designed in conjunction with existing or planned public transportation facilities. In the event fees are charged for the use of any such facility, the rate thereof shall not be in excess of that required for maintenance and operation (including compensation to any person for operating such facility).

(b) The Secretary shall not approve any project under this section until—

(1) he has determined that the State, or the political subdivision thereof, where such project is to be located, or any agency or instrumentality of such State or political subdivision, has the authority and capability of constructing, maintaining, and operating the facility;

(2) he has entered into an agreement governing the financing, maintenance, and operation of the parking facility with such State, political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, including necessary requirements to insure that adequate public transportation services will be available to persons using such facility; and

(3) he has approved design standards for constructing such facility developed in cooperation with the State transportation department.

(c) The term “parking facilities” for purposes of this section shall include access roads, buildings, structures, equipment, improvements, and interests in lands.

(d) Nothing in this section, or in any rule or regulation issued under this section, or in any agreement required by this section, shall prohibit (1) any State, political subdivision, or agency or instrumentality thereof, from contracting with any person to operate any parking facility constructed under this section, or (2) any such person from so operating such facility.

(e) The Secretary shall not approve any project under this section unless he determines that it is based on a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title.

(f)(1) The Secretary may approve for Federal financial assistance from funds apportioned under section 104(b)(4), projects for designating existing facilities, or for acquisition of rights of way or construction of new facilities, for use as preferential parking for carpools, provided that such facilities (A) are located outside of a central business district and within an interstate highway corridor, and (B) have as their primary purpose the reduction of vehicular traffic on the interstate highway.

(2) Nothing in this subsection, or in any rule or regulation issued under this subsection, or in any agreement required by this subsection, shall prohibit (A) any State, political subdivision, or agency or instrumentality thereof, from contracting with any person to operate any parking facility designated or constructed under this subsection, or (B) any such person from so operating such facility. Any fees charged for the use of any such facility in connection with the purpose of this subsection shall not be in excess of the amount required for operation and maintenance, including compensation to any person for operating the facility.

(3) For the purposes of this subsection, the terms “facilities” and “parking facilities” are synonymous and shall have the same meaning given “parking facilities” in subsection (c) of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 89–574, §8(c)(1), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 768; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §134(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1733; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §118, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2110; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1103(*l*)(3)(B), 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126, 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1921, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1480.)

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “on a Federal-aid highway” for “on the Federal-aid urban system”.

**1998**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(B), substituted “section 104(b)(4)” for “section 104(b)(5)(B) of this title”.

**1983**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (f).

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605 substituted “Fringe and corridor parking facilities” for “Limitation on authorization of appropriations for certain purposes” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted provisions permitting the Secretary to approve construction of publicly owned parking facilities under the Federal-aid urban system for provisions limiting authorization of appropriations under section 131, 136, and 319(b) of this title, or any highway safety bill enacted after May 1, 1966 by preventing these sections and provisions from being construed as authority for any appropriations not specifically authorized in these sections and provisions.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted provisions preventing project approval by the Secretary unless the State or political subdivision thereof where the project is located can construct, maintain, and operate the facility, unless the Secretary has entered into an agreement with the State or political subdivision governing the financing, maintenance, and operation of the facility, and unless the Secretary has approved design standards for construction of the facility for provisions limiting authorization of appropriations under sections 131, 136, and 319(b) of this title, or any highway safety bill enacted after May 1, 1966 by preventing appropriations to carry out these sections and provisions unless they are specific as to the amount authorized and as to the fiscal year.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted provisions defining “parking facilities” for provisions limiting authorization of appropriations under sections 131, 136, and 319(b) of this title, or any highway safety bill enacted after May 1, 1966 by preventing the highway trust fund from being a source of appropriation for these sections and provisions in an amount exceeding the tax imposed by section 4061(a)(2) of Title 26, if such tax was imposed at a rate of 1% plus additional amounts appropriated from the general fund to the highway trust fund for such purposes except that the total of all appropriations made from such fund to carry out these sections and provisions shall never exceed the total of all appropriations made to such fund based on the imposition of such tax plus additional amounts appropriated from the general fund to the highway trust fund for such purposes.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 91–605 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1305, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1214, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) Constructing safety rest areas (as defined in section 120(c) of title 23, United States Code) that include parking for commercial motor vehicles.

“(B) Constructing commercial motor vehicle parking facilities adjacent to commercial truck stops and travel plazas.

“(C) Opening existing facilities to commercial motor vehicle parking, including inspection and weigh stations and park-and-ride facilities.

“(D) Promoting the availability of publicly or privately provided commercial motor vehicle parking on the National Highway System using intelligent transportation systems and other means.

“(E) Constructing turnouts along the National Highway System for commercial motor vehicles.

“(F) Making capital improvements to public commercial motor vehicle parking facilities currently closed on a seasonal basis to allow the facilities to remain open year-round.

“(G) Improving the geometric design of interchanges on the National Highway System to improve access to commercial motor vehicle parking facilities.

“(4)

“(A) demonstrate a severe shortage of commercial motor vehicle parking capacity in the corridor to be addressed;

“(B) have consulted with affected State and local governments, community groups, private providers of commercial motor vehicle parking, and motorist and trucking organizations; and

“(C) demonstrate that their proposed projects are likely to have positive effects on highway safety, traffic congestion, or air quality.

“(c)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(e)

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(2)

(A) the Secretary has determined, in accordance with the consultation process required under section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470f), that—

(i) the transportation program or project will have no adverse effect on the historic site; or

(ii) there will be no historic properties affected by the transportation program or project;

(B) the finding of the Secretary has received written concurrence from the applicable State historic preservation officer or tribal historic preservation officer (and from the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation if the Council is participating in the consultation process); and

(C) the finding of the Secretary has been developed in consultation with parties consulting as part of the process referred to in subparagraph (A).

(3)

(A) the Secretary has determined, after public notice and opportunity for public review and comment, that the transportation program or project will not adversely affect the activities, features, and attributes of the park, recreation area, or wildlife or waterfowl refuge eligible for protection under this section; and

(B) the finding of the Secretary has received concurrence from the officials with jurisdiction over the park, recreation area, or wildlife or waterfowl refuge.

(Added Pub. L. 89–574, §15(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 771; amended Pub. L. 90–495, §18(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §124, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(10), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171; Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6009(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1874.)

For the effective date of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1968, referred to in subsec. (a), see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, as amended, set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §6009(a)(1)(A), which directed substitution of “(a)

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §6009(a)(1)(B), added subsec. (b).

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 inserted “(other than any project for a park road or parkway under section 204 of this title)” before “which requires” in third sentence.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280 authorized the Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior and appropriate State and local officials, to conduct studies as to the most feasible Federal-aid routes for the movement of motor vehicular traffic through or around national parks so as to best serve the needs of the traveling public while preserving the natural beauty of these areas.

**1968**—Pub. L. 90–495 amended section generally so as to render it identical to section 1653(f) of Title 49, Transportation, governing all programs and projects subject to the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Transportation.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6009(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1876, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) shall clarify the application of the legal standards to a variety of different types of transportation programs and projects depending on the circumstances of each case; and

“(B) may include, as appropriate, examples to facilitate clear and consistent interpretation by agency decisionmakers.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3039, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 393, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(y), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 862, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) identify transportation strategies that improve the management of the national parks and related public lands;

“(B) identify national parks and related public lands with existing and potential problems of adverse impact, high congestion, and pollution, or which can benefit from alternative transportation modes;

“(C) assess the feasibility of alternative transportation modes; and

“(D) identify and estimate the costs of alternative transportation modes for each of the national parks and related public lands referred to in paragraph (1).

“(3)

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1050, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2000, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(A) to take such actions as are necessary and proper, within the authority of the lead agency, to facilitate the expeditious resolution of the environmental review process for the project; and

(B) to prepare or ensure that any required environmental impact statement or other document required to be completed under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 is completed in accordance with this section and applicable Federal law.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) has no jurisdiction or authority with respect to the project;

(B) has no expertise or information relevant to the project; and

(C) does not intend to submit comments on the project.

(4)

(A) supports a proposed project; or

(B) has any jurisdiction over, or special expertise with respect to evaluation of, the project.

(5)

(6)

(7)

(A) carry out obligations of the Federal agency under other applicable law concurrently, and in conjunction, with the review required under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), unless doing so would impair the ability of the Federal agency to carry out those obligations; and

(B) formulate and implement administrative, policy, and procedural mechanisms to enable the agency to ensure completion of the environmental review process in a timely, coordinated, and environmentally responsible manner.

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) achieving a transportation objective identified in an applicable statewide or metropolitan transportation plan;

(B) supporting land use, economic development, or growth objectives established in applicable Federal, State, local, or tribal plans; and

(C) serving national defense, national security, or other national objectives, as established in Federal laws, plans, or policies.

(4)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(g)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(I) the responsibilities of participating agencies under applicable laws;

(II) resources available to the cooperating agencies;

(III) overall size and complexity of the project;

(IV) the overall schedule for and cost of the project; and

(V) the sensitivity of the natural and historic resources that could be affected by the project.

(C)

(D)

(i) lengthen a schedule established under subparagraph (B) for good cause; and

(ii) shorten a schedule only with the concurrence of the affected cooperating agencies.

(E)

(i) provided to all participating agencies and to the State transportation department of the State in which the project is located (and, if the State is not the project sponsor, to the project sponsor); and

(ii) made available to the public.

(2)

(A) For comments by agencies and the public on a draft environmental impact statement, a period of not more than 60 days after publication in the Federal Register of notice of the date of public availability of such document, unless—

(i) a different deadline is established by agreement of the lead agency, the project sponsor, and all participating agencies; or

(ii) the deadline is extended by the lead agency for good cause.

(B) For all other comment periods established by the lead agency for agency or public comments in the environmental review process, a period of no more than 30 days from availability of the materials on which comment is requested, unless—

(i) a different deadline is established by agreement of the lead agency, the project sponsor, and all participating agencies; or

(ii) the deadline is extended by the lead agency for good cause.

(3)

(A) as soon as practicable after the 180-day period, an initial notice of the failure of the Federal agency to make the decision; and

(B) every 60 days thereafter until such date as all decisions of the Federal agency relating to the project have been made by the Federal agency, an additional notice that describes the number of decisions of the Federal agency that remain outstanding as of the date of the additional notice.

(4)

(h)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(j)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(k)

(1) *l*), nothing in this section shall affect the reviewability of any final Federal agency action in a court of the United States or in the court of any State.

(2)

(3)

(A) any practice of seeking, considering, or responding to public comment; or

(B) any power, jurisdiction, responsibility, or authority that a Federal, State, or local government agency, metropolitan planning organization, Indian tribe, or project sponsor has with respect to carrying out a project or any other provisions of law applicable to projects, plans, or programs.

(*l*)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6002(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1857.)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsecs. (a)(2), (3), (b)(1), (c)(2), (3), (6)(B), (d)(7)(A), and (k)(2), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

Section 6002(a) of Pub. L. 109–59, which directed that this section be inserted after section 138 of subchapter I of chapter 1 of this title, was executed by adding this section after section 138 of chapter 1 of this title, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(6)(A), which struck out the subchapter I heading preceding section 101 of this title.

A prior section 139, added Pub. L. 90–495, §16(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 823; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§106(b)(1), 140, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1716, 1736; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §125, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 97–134, §10, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1702; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §116(a)(3), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2109; Pub. L. 98–229, §8(a), Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 56, related to additions to the Interstate System, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1106(c)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 136.

Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6002(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1865, provided that: “Nothing in this section [enacting this section and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 109 of this title] affects any existing State environmental review process, program, agreement, or funding arrangement approved by the Secretary [of Transportation] under section 1309 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century [Pub. L. 105–178] (112 Stat. 232; 23 U.S.C. 109 note) as such section was in effect on the day preceding the date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU [Aug. 10, 2005].”

(a) Prior to approving any programs for projects as provided for in section 135, the Secretary shall require assurances from any State desiring to avail itself of the benefits of this chapter that employment in connection with proposed projects will be provided without regard to race, color, creed, national origin, or sex. The Secretary shall require that each State shall include in the advertised specifications, notification of the specific equal employment opportunity responsibilities of the successful bidder. In approving programs for projects on any of the Federal-aid systems, the Secretary 1 if necessary to ensure equal employment opportunity, shall require certification by any State desiring to avail itself of the benefits of this chapter that there are in existence and available on a regional, statewide, or local basis, apprenticeship, skill improvement or other upgrading programs, registered with the Department of Labor or the appropriate State agency, if any, which provide equal opportunity for training and employment without regard to race, color, creed, national origin, or sex. In implementing such programs, a State may reserve training positions for persons who receive welfare assistance from such State; except that the implementation of any such program shall not cause current employees to be displaced or current positions to be supplanted or preclude workers that are participating in an apprenticeship, skill improvement, or other upgrading program registered with the Department of Labor or the appropriate State agency from being referred to, or hired on, projects funded under this title without regard to the length of time of their participation in such program. The Secretary shall periodically obtain from the Secretary of Labor and the respective State transportation departments information which will enable the Secretary to judge compliance with the requirements of this section and the Secretary of Labor shall render to the Secretary such assistance and information as the Secretary of Transportation shall deem necessary to carry out the equal employment opportunity program required hereunder.

(b) The Secretary, in cooperation with any other department or agency of the Government, State agency, authority, association, institution, Indian tribal government, corporation (profit or nonprofit), or any other organization or person, is authorized to develop, conduct, and administer surface transportation and technology training, including skill improvement programs, and to develop and fund summer transportation institutes. Whenever apportionments are made under section 104(b)(3) of this title, the Secretary shall deduct such sums as necessary, not to exceed $10,000,000 per fiscal year, for the administration of this subsection. Such sums so deducted shall remain available until expended. The provisions of section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 shall not be applicable to contracts and agreements made under the authority herein granted to the Secretary. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, not to exceed ½ of 1 percent of funds apportioned to a State for the surface transportation program under section 104(b) and the bridge program under section 144 may be available to carry out this subsection upon request of the State transportation department to the Secretary.

(c) The Secretary, in cooperation with any other department or agency of the Government, State agency, authority, association, institution, Indian tribal government, corporation (profit or nonprofit), or any other organization or person, is authorized to develop, conduct, and administer training programs and assistance programs in connection with any program under this title in order that minority businesses may achieve proficiency to compete, on an equal basis, for contracts and subcontracts. Whenever apportionments are made under section 104(b)(3), the Secretary shall deduct such sums as necessary, not to exceed $10,000,000 per fiscal year, for the administration of this subsection. The provisions of section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41 shall not be applicable to contracts and agreements made under the authority herein granted to the Secretary notwithstanding the provisions of section 3106 of title 41.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 90–495, §22(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 826; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §110, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1719; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §120, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §126, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §119, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2110; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §122, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 160; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1026, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1965; Pub. L. 102–388, title IV, §412, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1565; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1208, 1212(a)(2)(A), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 186, 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1922, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1481; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(e)(1), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3847.)

**2011**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(e)(1)(A), substituted “section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41” for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (41 U.S.C. 5),”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 111–350, §5(e)(1)(B), substituted “section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41” for “section 3709 of the Revised Statutes, as amended (41 U.S.C. 5),” and “section 3106 of title 41” for “section 302(e) of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (41 U.S.C. 252(e))”.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1922(a), in first sentence, substituted “section 135” for “subsection (a) of section 105 of this title”, in second sentence, substituted “The Secretary” for “He”, in third sentence, substituted “if necessary to ensure” for “shall, where he considers it necessary to assure” and inserted “shall” before “require”, and, in last sentence, substituted “the Secretary to” for “him to” and “the Secretary of Transportation” for “he”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1922(b), in first sentence, substituted “surface transportation” for “highway construction” and, in second sentence, struck out “he may deem” before “necessary” and “not to exceed $2,500,000 for the transition quarter ending September 30, 1976, and” before “not to exceed $10,000,000”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1922(c), substituted “section 104(b)(3)” for “subsection 104(b)(3) of this title” and struck out “he may deem” before “necessary”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §1922(d), struck out “

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §§1208(a), 1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), inserted “In implementing such programs, a State may reserve training positions for persons who receive welfare assistance from such State; except that the implementation of any such program shall not cause current employees to be displaced or current positions to be supplanted or preclude workers that are participating in an apprenticeship, skill improvement, or other upgrading program registered with the Department of Labor or the appropriate State agency from being referred to, or hired on, projects funded under this title without regard to the length of time of their participation in such program.” after third sentence and substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §§1208(b), 1212(a)(2)(A)(i), inserted “and technology” after “highway construction” and “, and to develop and fund summer transportation institutes” after “skill improvement programs” and substituted “section 104(b)(3)” for “section 104(b)” and “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1208(c), substituted “104(b)(3)” for “104(a)”.

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–388 substituted “½ of 1 percent” for “¼ of 1 percent” in last sentence.

**1991**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1026(a), (b), inserted “Indian tribal government,” after “institution,” and inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, not to exceed ¼ of 1 percent of funds apportioned to a State for the surface transportation program under section 104(b) and the bridge program under section 144 may be available to carry out this subsection upon request of the State highway department to the Secretary.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1026(b), inserted “Indian tribal government,” after “institution,”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1026(c), inserted after first sentence “States may implement a preference for employment of Indians on projects carried out under this title near Indian reservations.”

**1987**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–17 added subsec. (d).

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424, §119(c), substituted “Nondiscrimination” for “Equal employment opportunity” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424, §119(a), substituted “, national origin, or sex” for “or national origin” after “color, creed”, in two places.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424, §119(b), added subsec. (c).

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted second sentence “Whenever apportionments are made under section 104(b) of this title, the Secretary shall deduct such sums as he may deem necessary, not to exceed $2,500,000 for the transition quarter ending September 30, 1976, and not to exceed $10,000,000 per fiscal year, for the administration of this subsection.” for “Whenever an apportionment is made under subsections 104(b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(5), and (b)(6) of this title of the sums authorized to be appropriated for expenditure upon the Federal-aid primary and secondary systems, and their extensions within urban areas, the Interstate System, and the Federal-aid urban system for the fiscal years 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976, the Secretary shall deduct such sums as he may deem necessary not to exceed $5,000,000 per fiscal year for the fiscal years 1972 and 1973, and $10,000,000 per fiscal year for the fiscal years 1974, 1975 and 1976, for administering the provisions of this subsection to be financed from the appropriation for the Federal-aid systems.”

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87 included apportionment of appropriated moneys for administration of subsec. (b) provisions for fiscal years 1974, 1975, and 1976, and substituted provisions which made available for such administration $5,000,000 per fiscal year for fiscal years 1972, and 1973, and $10,000,000 per fiscal year for fiscal years 1974, 1975, and 1976, for prior provision making available $5,000,000 per fiscal year for such administration.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as an Effective Date of 1968 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

(a) Each State shall certify to the Secretary before January 1 of each year that it is enforcing all State laws respecting maximum vehicle size and weights permitted on the Federal-aid primary system, the Federal-aid urban system, and the Federal-aid secondary system, including the Interstate System in accordance with section 127 of this title. Each State shall also certify that it is enforcing and complying with the provisions of section 127(d) of this title and section 31112 of title 49.

(b)(1) Each State shall submit to the Secretary such information as the Secretary shall, by regulation, require as necessary, in his opinion, to verify the certification of such State under subsection (b) of this section.

(2) If a State fails to certify as required by subsection (b) of this section or if the Secretary determines that a State is not adequately enforcing all State laws respecting such maximum vehicle size and weights, notwithstanding such a certification, then Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to such State for such fiscal year shall be reduced by amounts equal to 10 per centum of the amount which would otherwise be apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title.

(3) If within one year from the date that the apportionment for any State is reduced in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection the Secretary determines that such State is enforcing all State laws respecting maximum size and weights, the apportionment of such State shall be increased by an amount equal to such reduction. If the Secretary does not make such a determination within such one-year period, the amounts so withheld shall be reapportioned to all other eligible States.

(c) The Secretary shall reduce the State's apportionment of Federal-aid highway funds under section 104(b)(4) in an amount up to 25 per centum of the amount to be apportioned in any fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1984, during which heavy vehicles, subject to the use tax imposed by section 4481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, may be lawfully registered in the State without having presented proof of payment, in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury, of the use tax imposed by section 4481 of such Code. Amounts withheld from apportionment to a State under this subsection shall be apportioned to the other States pursuant to the formulas of section 104(b)(4) and shall be available in the same manner and to the same extent as other Interstate funds apportioned at the same time to other States.

(Added Pub. L. 93–643, §107(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2284; amended Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §123(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2702; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §143, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2129; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1023(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1954; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(7), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(d)(1)(A), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(3)(C), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126.)

Section 4481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified to section 4481 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

A prior section 141, Pub. L. 90–495, §35(a), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 836, related to real property acquisition policies, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title III, §306, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1907, such repeal becoming effective as to all States after July 1, 1972, the date on which sections 4630 and 4655 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, covering similar subject matter, became applicable to all States.

**1998**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “section 104(b)(4)” for “section 104(b)(5) of this title” in two places.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–59 redesignated subsecs. (b) to (d) as (a) to (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “Each State shall certify to the Secretary before January 1 of each year that it is enforcing all speed limits on public highways in accordance with section 154 of this title. The Secretary shall not approve any project under section 106 of this title in any State which has failed to certify in accordance with this subsection.”

**1994**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–429 substituted “section 31112 of title 49” for “section 411(j) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. App. 2311(j))”.

**1991**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240 inserted at end “Each State shall also certify that it is enforcing and complying with the provisions of section 127(d) of this title and section 411(j) of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (49 U.S.C. App. 2311(j)).”

**1986**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”.

**1983**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (d).

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599 designated existing provisions as subsecs. (a) and (b) and added subsec. (c).

Section 205(d)(3) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section and repealing section 154 of this title] shall be applicable to a State on the 10th day following the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 28, 1995]; except that if the legislature of a State is not in session on such date of enactment and the chief executive officer of the State declares, before such 10th day, that the legislature is not in session and that the State prefers an applicability date for such amendments that is after the date on which the legislature will convene, such amendments shall be applicable to the State on the 60th day following the date on which the legislature next convenes.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 123(e) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that subsec. (c)(2) and (3) of this section be applicable to certifications required by this section to be filed on or after Jan. 1, 1980, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 96–106, §12, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798.

Section 123(a)–(c) of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(c)(4), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173, provided that:

“(a) Not later than the one-hundred-eightieth day after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 6, 1978], the Secretary of Transportation, hereunder referred to as the ‘Secretary’, in consultation with each State shall inventory the existing system of penalties for violations of vehicle weight laws, rules, and regulations on any portion of any Federal-aid system in such State. Each State shall annually thereafter report to the Secretary its current inventory.

“(b)(1) Not later than the one-hundred-eightieth day after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 6, 1978], the Secretary, in consultation with each State, shall inventory the existing system in such State for the issuance of special permits. Each State shall annually thereafter report to the Secretary its current inventory.

“(2) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘special permit’ means a license or permit issued pursuant to State law, rule, or regulation which authorizes a vehicle to exceed the weight limitation for such vehicle established under State law, rule, or regulation.

“(c) Not later than January 1 of the second calendar year which begins after the date of enactment of this section [Nov. 6, 1978] and each calendar year thereafter the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation [now Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure] of the House of Representatives an annual report together with such recommendations as the Secretary deems necessary on (1) the latest annual inventory of State systems of penalties required by subsection (a) of this section; (2) the latest annual inventory of State systems for the issuance of special permits required by subsection (b) of this section; (3) the annual certification submitted by each State required by section 141(b) of title 23, United States Code.”

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in section 123(c) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out above, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 135 of House Document No. 103–7.]

(a)(1) To encourage the development, improvement, and use of public mass transportation systems operating motor vehicles (other than on rail) on Federal-aid highways for the transportation of passengers (hereafter in this section referred to as “buses”), so as to increase the traffic capacity of the Federal-aid systems for the movement of persons, the Secretary may approve as a project on any Federal-aid system the construction of exclusive or preferential high occupancy vehicle lanes, highway traffic control devices, bus passenger loading areas and facilities (including shelters), and fringe and transportation corridor parking facilities to serve high occupancy vehicle and public mass transportation passengers, and sums apportioned under section 104(b) of this title shall be available to finance the cost of projects under this paragraph. If fees are charged for the use of any parking facility constructed under this section, the rate thereof shall not be in excess of that required for maintenance and operation of the facility and the cost of providing shuttle service to and from the facility (including compensation to any person for operating the facility and for providing such shuttle service).

(2) In addition to the projects under paragraph (1), the Secretary may approve as a project on the the 1 surface transportation program for payment from sums apportioned under section 104(b)(3) for carrying out any capital transit project eligible for assistance under chapter 53 of title 49, capital improvement to provide access and coordination between intercity and rural bus service, and construction of facilities to provide connections between highway transportation and other modes of transportation.

(b) Sums apportioned in accordance with section 104(b)(4) shall be available to finance the Federal share of projects for exclusive or preferential high occupancy vehicle, truck, and emergency vehicle routes or lanes. Routes constructed under this subsection shall not be subject to the third sentence of section 109(b) of this title.

(c)

(d)

(e)(1) For all purposes of this title, a project authorized by subsection (a)(1) of this section shall be deemed to be a highway project.

(2) Notwithstanding section 209(f)(1) of the Highway Revenue Act of 1956, the Highway Trust Fund shall be available for making expenditures to meet obligations resulting from projects authorized by subsection (a)(2) of this section and such projects shall be subject to, and governed in accordance with, all provisions of this title applicable to projects on the surface transportation program, except to the extent determined inconsistent by the Secretary.

(3) The Federal share payable on account of projects authorized by subsection (a) of this section shall be that provided in section 120 of this title.

(f) 2 within the publicly acquired rights-of-way of any highway, constructed in whole or in part with Federal-aid highway funds, to accommodate needed passenger, commuter, or high speed rail, magnetic levitation systems, and highway and nonhighway public mass transit facilities, the Secretary shall authorize a State to make such lands, air space, and rights-of-way available with or without charge to a publicly or privately owned authority or company or any other person for such purposes if such accommodation will not adversely affect automotive safety.

(g) The provision of assistance under subsection (a)(2) shall not be construed as bringing within the application of chapter 15 of title 5, United States Code, any non-supervisory employee of an urban mass transportation system (or of any other agency or entity performing related functions) to whom such chapter is otherwise inapplicable.

(h) Funds available for expenditure to carry out the purposes of subsection (a)(2) of this section shall be supplementary to and not in substitution for funds authorized and available for obligation pursuant to chapter 53 of title 49.

(i) The provisions of section 5323(a)(1)(D) 3 of title 49 shall apply in carrying out subsection (a)(2) of this section.

(Added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §111(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1719; amended Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §121(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §127, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §120, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2111; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1027(a)–(e), title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1966, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(2), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1374; Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(C), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(3)(D), (4), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126.)

Section 209(f)(1) of the Highway Revenue Act of 1956, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), is set out as a note under section 120 of this title.

Section 5323(a)(1)(D) of title 49, referred to in subsec. (i), was omitted in the general amendment of section 5323(a)(1) of Title 49, Transportation, by Pub. L. 109–59, Title III, §3023(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1615.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(4), substituted “section 104(b)(4)” for “paragraph (5) of subsection (b) of section 104 of this title”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(D), struck out “(other than section 104(b)(5)(A))” after “section 104(b)”.

**1994**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(2)(A), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(2)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(C), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act, as amended”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(2)(C), as amended by Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(4)(C), substituted “section 5323(a)(1)(D) of title 49” for “section 3(e)(4) of the Federal Transit Act, as amended,”.

**1991**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(a), struck out “, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975,” after “the Secretary may”, substituted “the surface transportation program” for “Federal-aid urban system,” and substituted “104(b)(3) for carrying out any capital transit project eligible for assistance under the Federal Transit Act, capital improvement to provide access and coordination between intercity and rural bus service, and construction of facilities to provide connections between highway transportation and other modes of transportation.” for “104(b)(6) of this title, the purchase of buses, and, beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, approve as a project on the Federal-aid urban system, for payment from sums apportioned under section 104(b)(6) of this title, the construction, reconstruction, and improvement of fixed rail facilities, including the purchase of rolling stock for fixed rail, except that not more than $200,000,000 of all sums apportioned for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, under section 104(b)(6) shall be available for the payment of the Federal share of projects for the purchase of buses.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(b), amended subsec. (c) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (c) read as follows: “Whenever responsible local officials of an urbanized area notify the State highway department that, in lieu of a highway project the Federal share of which is to be paid from funds apportioned under section 104(b)(6) of this title for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, and June 30, 1975, their needs require a nonhighway public mass transit project involving the construction of fixed rail facilities, or the purchase of passenger equipment, including rolling stock for any mode of mass transit, or both, and the State highway department determines that such public mass transit project is in accordance with the planning process under section 134 of this title and is entitled to priority under such planning process, such public mass transit project shall be submitted for approval to the Secretary. Approval of the plans, specifications, and estimates for such project by the Secretary shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for payment out of the general funds of its proportional share of the cost of such project in an amount equal to the Federal share which would have been paid if such project were a highway project under section 120(a) of this title. Funds previously apportioned to such State under section 104(b)(6) of this title shall be reduced by an amount equal to such Federal share.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (d) read as follows: “The establishment of routes and schedules of such public mass transportation systems in urbanized areas shall be based upon a continuing comprehensive transportation planning process carried on in accordance with section 134 of this title.”

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(1), substituted “surface transportation program” for “Federal-aid urban system”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “No project authorized by this section shall be approved unless the Secretary of Transportation has received assurances satisfactory to him from the State that high occupancy vehicles will fully utilize the proposed project.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and struck out “or subsection (c) of this section” after “(a)(2)”. Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(d), amended subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) read as follows: “In any case where sufficient land exists within the publicly acquired rights-of-way of any Federal-aid highway to accommodate needed rail or non-highway public mass transit facilities and where this can be accomplished without impairing automotive safety or future highway improvements, the Administrator may authorize a State to make such lands and rights-of-way available without charge to a publicly owned mass transit authority for such purposes wherever he may deem that the public interest will be served thereby.”

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted “Federal Transit Act” for “Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(3), (5), redesignated subsec. (i) as (h) and struck out “and subsection (c)” after “(a)(2)”. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 102–240, §3003(b), substituted “Federal Transit Act” for “Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964”.

Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(3), (5), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i) and struck out “and subsection (c)” after “(a)(2)”. Former subsec. (i) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(3), redesignated subsec. (j) as (i).

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–240, §1027(e)(2), struck out subsec. (k) which read as follows: “The Secretary shall not approve any project under subsection (a)(2) of this section in any fiscal year when there has been enacted an Urban Transportation Trust Fund or similar assured funding for both highway and public transportation.”

**1983**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 97–424, §120(a), inserted “and the cost of providing shuttle service to and from the facility” after “of the facility”, and “and for providing such shuttle service” after “operating the facility”.

Pub. L. 97–424, §120(b)(1), substituted “high occupancy vehicle lanes” for “bus lanes” after “preferential”, and “high occupancy vehicle and” for “bus and other” after “facilities to serve”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424, §120(b)(2), substituted “high occupancy vehicle” for “bus” after “preferential”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–424, §120(b)(3), substituted “high occupancy vehicles” for “public mass transportation systems”.

**1976**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–280, §127(a), inserted provision that if fees are charged for the use of any parking facility constructed under this section, the rate thereof shall not be in excess of that required for maintenance and operation of the facility (including compensation to any person for operating the facility).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 94–280, §127(b), substituted “section 120 of this title” for “section 120 of this section”.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87 designated existing provisions as par. (1), substituted “operating motor vehicles (other than on rail) on Federal-aid highways” for “operating motor vehicles on highways, other than on rails”, struck out “within urbanized areas” after “ ‘buses’)”, inserted “for the movement of persons” after “Federal-aid systems”, and substituted provisions respecting availability of sums apportioned under section 104(b) of this title for prior provisions for such sums apportioned in accordance with pars. (3), (5), and (6) of section 104(b) of this title, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87 added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87 added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) incorporated in subsec. (e)(1), (3) of this section.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87 redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d), inserted “in urbanized areas” after “transportation systems”, and struck out former subsec. (d) provisions which prohibited any project authorized by this section, other than a project for fringe or transportation parking facilities, from being approved unless the project would avoid the construction of a highway project which increases automobile traffic capacity, would provide a capacity for the movement of persons at least equal to that which would be provided by the avoided highway project, and would not exceed in the amount of the Federal share, the Federal share of the cost of the avoided highway project; or no other feasible or prudent highway project could provide the additional capacity for the movement of persons by motor vehicles on highways (other than on rails) provided by this project.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87 incorporated provisions of former subsec. (c) in pars. (1) and (3) and added par. (2). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 93–87 redesignated former subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted “will fully utilize” for “will have adequate capability to fully utilize”.

Subsecs. (g) to (k). Pub. L. 93–87 added subsecs. (g) to (k).

Section 7(a) of Pub. L. 103–429 provided in part that the amendment made by that section is effective July 5, 1994.

Amendment by section 1027 of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 147 of Pub. L. 93–87, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §103, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §129, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §132, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2708, provided for authorization of appropriations of $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $60,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, to carry out demonstration projects for public mass transportation projects in rural and small urban areas, authorized availability of such sums for a period of two years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized, and required public notice and hearing for such projects.

Pub. L. 93–643, §105(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2282, provided that: “It is hereby declared to be the national policy that elderly and handicapped persons have the same right as other persons to utilize mass transportation facilities and services; that special efforts shall be made in the planning, design, construction, and operation of mass transportation facilities and services so that the availability to elderly and handicapped persons of mass transportation which they can effectively utilize will be assured; and that all Federal programs offering assistance for mass transportation (including the programs under title 23, United States Code, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973, and this Act [see Short Title of 1973 Amendment note under 101 of this title]) effectively implement this policy.”

Section 165 of Pub. L. 93–87, as amended by Pub. L. 93–643, §105(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2283, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall require that buses acquired with Federal financial assistance under (1) subsection (a) or (c) of section 142 of title 23, United States Code, (2) paragraph (4) of subsection (e) of section 103, title 23, United States Code, or (3) section 147 of the Federal-aid Highway Act of 1973 [set out as a note under this section] meet the standards prescribed by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under section 202 of the Clean Air Act [section 7521 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare], and under section 6 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 [section 4905 of Title 42], and shall authorize the acquisition, wherever practicable, of buses which meet the special criteria for low-emission vehicles set forth in section 212 of the Clean Air Act [section 7546 of Title 42], and for low-noise-emission products set forth in section 15 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 [section 4914 of Title 42].

“(b) The Secretary of Transportation shall require that projects receiving Federal financial assistance under (1) subsection (a) or (c) of section 142 of title 23, United States Code, (2) paragraph (4) of subsection (e) of section 103, title 23, United States Code, or (3) section 147 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973 [set out as a note above] shall be planned, designed, constructed, and operated to allow effective utilization by elderly or handicapped persons who, by reason of illness, injury, age, congenital malfunction, or other permanent or temporary incapacity or disability, including those who are nonambulatory wheelchair-bound and those with semiambulatory capabilities, are unable without special facilities or special planning or design to utilize such facilities and services effectively. The Secretary shall not approve any program or project to which this section applies which does not comply with the provisions of this subsection requiring access to public mass transportation facilities, equipment, and services for elderly or handicapped persons.”

2 So in original. Probably should be “exists”.

3 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) to expand efforts to enhance motor fuel tax enforcement;

(B) to fund additional Internal Revenue Service staff, but only to carry out functions described in this paragraph;

(C) to supplement motor fuel tax examinations and criminal investigations;

(D) to develop automated data processing tools to monitor motor fuel production and sales;

(E) to evaluate and implement registration and reporting requirements for motor fuel taxpayers;

(F) to reimburse State expenses that supplement existing fuel tax compliance efforts;

(G) to analyze and implement programs to reduce tax evasion associated with other highway use taxes;

(H) to support efforts between States and Indian tribes to address issues relating to State motor fuel taxes; and

(I) to analyze and implement programs to reduce tax evasion associated with foreign imported fuel.

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(c)

(1)

(A) the additional development of capabilities needed to support new reporting requirements and databases established under such Act and the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (Public Law 108–357), and such other reporting requirements and database development as may be determined by the Secretary, in consultation with the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service, to be useful in the enforcement of fuel excise taxes, including provisions recommended by the Fuel Tax Enforcement Advisory Committee,

(B) the completion of requirements needed for the electronic reporting of fuel transactions from carriers and terminal operators,

(C) the operation and maintenance of an excise summary terminal activity reporting system and other systems used to provide strategic analyses of domestic and foreign motor fuel distribution trends and patterns,

(D) the collection, analysis, and sharing of information on fuel distribution and compliance or noncompliance with fuel taxes, and

(E) the development, completion, operation, and maintenance of an electronic claims filing system and database and an electronic database of heavy vehicle highway use payments.

(2)

(A) the Internal Revenue Service shall develop and maintain any system under paragraph (1) through contracts,

(B) any system under paragraph (1) shall be under the control of the Internal Revenue Service, and

(C) any system under paragraph (1) shall be made available for use by appropriate State and Federal revenue, tax, and law enforcement authorities, subject to section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

(3)

(4)

(Added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §127(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1729; amended Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §122, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 261; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1114(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 152; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(h), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1115(a), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1175, 1176.)

The SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is Pub. L. 109–59, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, also known as the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, referred to in subsec. (c)(1)(A), is Pub. L. 108–357, Oct. 22, 2004, 118 Stat. 1418, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2004 Amendments note set out under section 1 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and Tables.

Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (c)(2)(C), is classified to section 6103 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1040, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1992, as amended, which was set out as a note under section 101 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, §1114(b)(2).

**2005**—Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1115(a)(1), inserted before period at end “; except that of funds so made available for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009, $2,000,000 shall be available only to carry out intergovernmental enforcement efforts, including research and training”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1115(a)(2), substituted “Except as otherwise provided in this section, the” for “The”.

Subsec. (b)(4)(H), (I). Pub. L. 109–59, §1115(a)(3), added subpars. (H) and (I).

Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 109–59, §1115(a)(4), added par. (9).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1115(b), amended heading and text of subsec. (c) generally, substituting provisions relating to memorandum of understanding to be entered into by the Secretary with the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU for provisions relating to memorandum of understanding to be entered into by the Secretary with the Commissioner of the Internal Revenue Service not later than August 1, 1998.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to highway use tax evasion projects for provisions relating to economic growth center development highways.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1114(c)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(h), substituted “August 1” for “April 1”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1114(c)(2), (3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(h), in heading inserted “priority” after “Funding” and in text inserted “and prior to funding any other activity under this section,” after “2003,”.

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §122(a), (c), substituted “projects” for “demonstration projects” and “a Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System)” for “the Federal-aid primary system” and deleted “to demonstrate the role that highways can play” before “to promote”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87, §122(a), substituted “projects” for “demonstration projects” and “a Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System)” for “the Federal-aid primary system”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §122(a), substituted “project” for “demonstration project” and “a Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System)” for “the Federal-aid primary system”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87, §122(a), substituted “highways on the Federal-aid system on which such development highway is located” for “Federal-aid primary highways”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, §122(b), inserted introductory text “Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section,” and substituted “the Federal share of the cost of any project for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of a development highway under this section shall be the same as that provided under this title for any other project on the Federal-aid system on which such development highway is located” for “the Federal share of the cost of any project for construction, reconstruction, or improvement of a development highway under this section shall be increased by not to exceed an additional 20 per centum of the cost of such project, except that in no case shall the Federal share exceed 95 per centum of the cost of such project”.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–240, title VIII, §8002(g), (h), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2204, 2205, as amended by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1114(b)(3), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154, provided that:

“(g)

“[(h) Repealed. Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1114(b)(3)(B), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154.]”

(a)

(b) The Secretary, in consultation with the States, shall (1) inventory all those highway bridges on any Federal-aid highway which are bridges over waterways, other topographical barriers, other highways, and railroads; (2) classify them according to serviceability, safety, and essentiality for public use; (3) based on that classification, assign each a priority for replacement or rehabilitation; and (4) determine the cost of replacing each such bridge with a comparable facility or of rehabilitating such bridge.

(c)(1) The Secretary, in consultation with the States, shall (1) inventory all those highway bridges on public roads, other than those on any Federal-aid highway, which are bridges over waterways, other topographical barriers, other highways, and railroads, (2) classify them according to serviceability, safety, and essentiality for public use, (3) based on the classification, assign each a priority for replacement or rehabilitation and (4) determine the cost of replacing each such bridge with a comparable facility or of rehabilitating such bridge.

(2) The Secretary may, at the request of a State, inventory bridges, on and off Federal-aid highways, for historic significance.

(3)

(d)

(1)

(A) replacing the bridge with a comparable facility; or

(B) rehabilitating the bridge.

(2)

(A) Painting.

(B) Seismic retrofit.

(C) Systematic preventive maintenance.

(D) Installation of scour countermeasures.

(E) Application of calcium magnesium acetate, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions.

(3)

(4)

(e) Funds authorized to carry out this section shall be apportioned among the several States on October 1 of the fiscal year for which authorized in accordance with this subsection. Each deficient bridge shall be placed into one of the following categories: (1) Federal-aid highway bridges eligible for replacement, (2) Federal-aid highway bridges eligible for rehabilitation, (3) bridges not on Federal-aid highways eligible for replacement, and (4) bridges not on Federal-aid highways eligible for rehabilitation. The deck area of deficient bridges in each category shall be multiplied by the respective unit price on a State-by-State basis, as determined by the Secretary; and the total cost in each State divided by the total cost of the deficient bridges in all States shall determine the apportionment factors. For purposes of the preceding sentence, if a State transfers funds apportioned to the State under this section in a fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1997, to any other apportionment of funds to such State under this title, the total cost of deficient bridges in such State and in all States to be determined for the succeeding fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount of such transferred funds. No State shall receive more than 10 per centum or less than 0.25 per centum of the total apportionment for any one fiscal year. The Secretary shall make these determinations based upon the latest available data, which shall be updated annually. Funds apportioned under this section shall be available for expenditure for the period specified in section 118(b)(2). Any funds not obligated at the expiration of such period shall be reapportioned by the Secretary to the other States in accordance with this subsection. The use of funds authorized under this section to carry out a project for the seismic retrofit of a bridge shall not affect the apportionment of funds under this section.

(f)

(1)

(A)

(i) $12,500,000 per fiscal year for the Golden Gate Bridge.

(ii) $18,750,000 per fiscal year for the construction of a bridge joining the Island of Gravina to the community of Ketchikan in Alaska.

(iii) $12,500,000 per fiscal year to the State of Nevada for construction of a replacement of the federally owned bridge over the Hoover Dam in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area.

(iv) $12,500,000 per fiscal year to the State of Missouri for construction of a structure over the Mississippi River to connect the City of St. Louis, Missouri, to the State of Illinois.

(v) $12,500,000 per fiscal year for replacement and reconstruction of State maintained bridges in the State of Oklahoma.

(vi) $4,500,000 per fiscal year for replacement of the Missisquoi Bay Bridge and the removal of the Missisquoi Bay causeway, Vermont.

(vii) $8,000,000 per fiscal year for replacement and reconstruction of State-maintained bridges in the State of Vermont.

(viii) $8,750,000 per fiscal year for design, planning, and right-of-way acquisition for the Interstate Route 74 bridge from Bettendorf, Iowa, to Moline, Illinois.

(ix) $10,000,000 per fiscal year for replacement and reconstruction of State-maintained bridges in the State of Oregon.

(B)

(C)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the General Bridge Act of 1946 (33 U.S.C. 525–533) shall apply to bridges authorized to be replaced, in whole or in part, by this section, except that subsection (b) of section 502 of such Act of 1946 and section 9 of the Act of March 3, 1899 (30 Stat. 1151) shall not apply to any bridge constructed, reconstructed, rehabilitated, or replaced with assistance under this title, if such bridge is over waters (1) which are not used and are not susceptible to use in their natural condition or by reasonable improvement as a means to transport interstate or foreign commerce, and (2) which are (a) not tidal, or (b) if tidal, used only by recreational boating, fishing, and other small vessels less than 21 feet in length.

(h)

(1) report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives on projects approved under this section;

(2) annually revise the current inventories authorized by subsections (b) and (c) of this section;

(3) report to such committees on such inventories; and

(4) report to such committees such recommendations as the Secretary may have for improvements of the program authorized by this section.

Such reports shall be submitted to such committees biennially.

(i) Sums apportioned to a State under this section shall be made available for obligation throughout such State on a fair and equitable basis.

(j) Not later than six months after the date of enactment of this subsection, and periodically thereafter, the Secretary shall review the procedure used in approving or disapproving applications submitted under this section to determine what changes, if any, may be made to expedite such procedure. Any such changes shall be implemented by the Secretary as soon as possible. Not later than nine months after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit a report to Congress which describes such review and such changes, including any recommendations for legislative changes.

(k) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any bridge which is owned and operated by an agency (1) which does not have taxing powers, (2) whose functions include operating a federally assisted public transit system subsidized by toll revenues, shall be eligible for assistance under this section but the amount of such assistance shall in no event exceed the cumulative amount which such agency has expended for capital and operating costs to subsidize such transit system. Before authorizing an expenditure of funds under this subsection, the Secretary shall determine that the applicant agency has insufficient reserves, surpluses, and projected revenues (over and above those required for bridge and transit capital and operating costs) to fund the necessary bridge replacement or rehabilitation project. Any non-Federal funds expended for the seismic retrofit of the bridge may be credited toward the non-Federal share required as a condition of receipt of any Federal funds for seismic retrofit of the bridge made available after the date of the expenditure.

(*l*)

(1)

(A) replaces any low water crossing (regardless of the length of such low water crossing),

(B) replaces any bridge which was destroyed prior to 1965,

(C) replaces any ferry which was in existence on January 1, 1984, or

(D) replaces any road bridges rendered obsolete as a result of United States Corps of Engineers flood control or channelization projects and not rebuilt with funds from the United States Corps of Engineers.

(2)

(m)

(n)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) maintain the bridge and the features that give it its historic significance; and

(B) assume all future legal and financial responsibility for the bridge, which may include an agreement to hold the State transportation department harmless in any liability action.

Costs incurred by the State to preserve the historic bridge, including funds made available to the State, locality, or private entity to enable it to accept the bridge, shall be eligible as reimbursable project costs under this chapter up to an amount not to exceed the cost of demolition. Any bridge preserved pursuant to this paragraph shall thereafter not be eligible for any other funds authorized pursuant to this title.

(5)

(*o*)

(p) As used in this section the term “rehabilitate” in any of its forms means major work necessary to restore the structural integrity of a bridge as well as work necessary to correct a major safety defect.

(q)

(r)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §204(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1741; amended Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §204, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 284; Pub. L. 93–643, §113, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2286; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §124(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2702; Pub. L. 96–106, §§7, 8(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 797; Pub. L. 97–327, §5(c), Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1612; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§121(a), 122(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2111, 2112; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§123(a)–(d)(1), (3), (e), (f)(2), 128, 133(b)(11), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 161–163, 167, 172; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1028(a)–(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1967, 1968; Pub. L. 103–220, §1, Mar. 17, 1994, 108 Stat. 100; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §§318, 325(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 588, 592; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1109, 1115(f)(3); June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 141; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(i), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 108–88, §2(b)(5), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1111; Pub. L. 108–202, §2(b)(3), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 478; Pub. L. 108–224, §2(b)(2), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 627; Pub. L. 108–263, §2(b)(2), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 108–280, §2(b)(2), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 876; Pub. L. 108–310, §2(b)(5), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1145; Pub. L. 109–14, §2(b)(3), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 324; Pub. L. 109–20, §2(b)(2), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 346; Pub. L. 109–35, §2(b)(2), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 379; Pub. L. 109–37, §2(b)(2), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 394; Pub. L. 109–40, §2(b)(2), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 410; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1114, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(m)(1), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1575.)

The General Bridge Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (g), is title V of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 847, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§525 et seq.) of chapter 11 of Title 33, Navigation and Navigable Waters. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 525 of Title 33 and Tables.

Section 502(b) of such Act of 1946, referred to in subsec. (g), is section 502(b) of act Aug. 2, 1946, which is classified to section 525(b) of Title 33.

Section 9 of the Act of March 3, 1899, referred to in subsec. (g), is section 9 of act Mar. 3, 1899, ch. 425, 30 Stat. 1151, which is classified to section 401 of Title 33.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (j), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95–599, which was approved Nov. 6, 1978.

The date of the enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (m), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 100–17, which was approved Apr. 2, 1987.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (q), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(A), struck out “replacement and rehabilitation” after “Highway bridge” in section catchline.

Subsecs. (b)(1), (c)(1)(1). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(B), substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “Federal-aid system”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(C), substituted “Federal-aid highways” for “the Federal-aid system”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(D), inserted “systematic” before “preventive” in heading.

Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(B), substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “Federal-aid system”.

Subsec. (e)(3), (4). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(E), substituted “bridges not on Federal-aid highways” for “off-system bridges”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(F), (G), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “The Federal share payable on account of any project under this section shall be 80 per centum of the cost thereof.”

Subsec. (f)(1)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(H), inserted “and the removal of the Missisquoi Bay causeway” after “Bridge”.

Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(I), inserted heading and struck out former heading “Off-system bridges”.

Subsecs. (g) to (*l*). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(G), redesignated subsecs. (h) to (m) as (g) to (*l*), respectively. Former subsec. (g) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(G), (J), redesignated subsec. (n) as (m), inserted heading, and struck out former heading “Off-System Bridge Program”. Former subsec. (m) redesignated (*l*).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(G), redesignated subsec. (*o*) as (n). Former subsec. (n) redesignated (m).

Subsec. (n)(4)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(K), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway agency”.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(G), redesignated subsec. (p) as (*o*). Former subsec. (*o*) redesignated (n).

Subsec. (*o*)(2). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(C), substituted “Federal-aid highways” for “the Federal-aid system”.

Subsecs. (p) to (s). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(m)(1)(G), redesignated subsecs. (p) to (s) as (*o*) to (r), respectively.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(a), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Congress hereby finds and declares it to be in the vital interest of the Nation that a highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation program be established to enable the several States to replace or rehabilitate highway bridges over waterways, other topographical barriers, other highways, or railroads when the States and the Secretary finds that a bridge is significantly important and is unsafe because of structural deficiencies, physical deterioration, or functional obsolescence.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(b), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text related to approval of Federal participation in replacement or rehabilitation of bridges.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(c), in third sentence, substituted “deck area” for “square footage”, in fourth sentence, struck out “the total cost of deficient bridges in a State and in all States shall be reduced by the total cost of any highway bridges constructed under subsection (m) in such State, relating to replacement of destroyed bridges and ferryboat services, and,” after “For purposes of the preceding sentence,”, and, in seventh sentence, substituted “for the period specified in section 118(b)(2)” for “for the same period as funds apportioned for projects on the Federal-aid primary system under this title”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(2)(A), substituted “

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(2)(A), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1), which related to apportionments for the discretionary bridge program for fiscal years 1992 through 2005.

Subsec. (g)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(1), substituted “2005” for “2003” in heading and text.

Subsec. (g)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(2)(C), redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(2)(A), (B), both amended subsec. (g) by striking out heading and text of par. (2). Text read as follows: “Subject to section 149(d) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, amounts made available by paragraph (1) for obligation at the discretion of the Secretary may be obligated only—

“(A) for a project for a highway bridge the replacement or rehabilitation cost of which is more than $10,000,000, and

“(B) for a project for a highway bridge the replacement or rehabilitation cost of which is less than $10,000,000 if such cost is at least twice the amount apportioned to the State in which such bridge is located under subsection (e) for the fiscal year in which application is made for a grant for such bridge.”

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(e)(2)(C), redesignated par. (3) as (2).

Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(d), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Not less than 15 percent nor more than 35 percent of the amount apportioned to each State in each of fiscal years 1987 through 2004 and in the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005, shall be expended for projects to replace, rehabilitate, paint or seismic retrofit, or apply calcium magnesium acetate, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions or install scour countermeasures to highway bridges located on public roads, other than those on a Federal-aid highway. The Secretary, after consultation with State and local officials, may, with respect to such State, reduce the requirement for expenditure for bridges not on a Federal-aid highway when the Secretary determines that such State has inadequate needs to justify such expenditure.”

Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “July 30” for “July 27”.

Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “July 27” for “July 21”.

Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “July 21” for “July 19”.

Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “July 19” for “June 30”.

Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “June 30” for “May 31”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(g), struck out “at the same time as the report required by section 307(f) of this title is submitted to Congress” after “biennially” in concluding provisions.

Subsecs. (r), (s). Pub. L. 109–59, §1114(f), added subsecs. (r) and (s).

**2004**—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 108–310 inserted “and in the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005,” after “2004”.

Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “2004” for “2003 and in the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004,”.

Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “July 31” for “June 30”.

Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “June 30” for “April 30”.

Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “April 30” for “February 29”.

**2003**—Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 108–88 inserted “and in the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004,” after “2003”.

**1998**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1109(d)(1), (2), inserted “, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions or installing scour countermeasures” after “magnesium acetate” and inserted “or sodium acetate/formate or such anti-icing or de-icing composition or installation of such countermeasures” after “such acetate” in two places.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1109(a), inserted “, and, if a State transfers funds apportioned to the State under this section in a fiscal year beginning after September 30, 1997, to any other apportionment of funds to such State under this title, the total cost of deficient bridges in such State and in all States to be determined for the succeeding fiscal year shall be reduced by the amount of such transferred funds” after “destroyed bridges and ferryboat services”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1109(b), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted heading, realigned margins, and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1109(c), (d)(3), substituted “through 2003” for “1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997,”, substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “Federal-aid system” in two places, and inserted “, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions or install scour countermeasures” after “magnesium acetate”.

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(f)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(i), struck out heading and text of par. (4). Text read as follows: “Not less than 1 percent of the amount apportioned to each State which has an Indian reservation within its boundaries for each fiscal year shall be expended for projects to replace, rehabilitate, paint, or apply calcium magnesium acetate to highway bridges located on Indian reservation roads. Upon determining a State bridge apportionment and before transferring funds to the States, the Secretary shall transfer the Indian reservation bridge allocation under this paragraph to the Secretary of the Interior for expenditure pursuant to this paragraph. The Secretary, after consultation with State and Indian tribal government officials and with the concurrence of the Secretary of the Interior, may, with respect to such State, reduce the requirement for expenditure for bridges under this paragraph when the Secretary determines that there are inadequate needs to justify such expenditure. The non-Federal share payable on account of such a project may be provided from funds made available for Indian reservation roads under chapter 2 of this title.”

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 105–178, §1109(e), substituted “Federal-aid highway” for “Federal-aid system”.

**1995**—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 104–59, §325(b), substituted “Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure” for “Committee on Public Works and Transportation”.

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 104–59, §318, inserted at end “Any non-Federal funds expended for the seismic retrofit of the bridge may be credited toward the non-Federal share required as a condition of receipt of any Federal funds for seismic retrofit of the bridge made available after the date of the expenditure.”

**1994**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–220, §1(1), inserted before period at end of third sentence “, except that a State may carry out a project for seismic retrofit of a bridge under this section without regard to whether the bridge is eligible for replacement or rehabilitation under this section”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–220, §1(2), inserted at end “The use of funds authorized under this section to carry out a project for the seismic retrofit of a bridge shall not affect the apportionment of funds under this section.”

**1991**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(a), added par. (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(b), inserted “Whenever any State makes application to the Secretary for assistance in painting and seismic retrofit, or applying calcium magnesium acetate to, the structure of a highway bridge, the Secretary may approve Federal participation in the painting or seismic retrofit of, or application of such acetate to, such structure.” after first sentence and “(other than projects for bridge structure painting or seismic retrofit or application of such acetate)” after “projects” in last sentence.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(c), substituted “project” for “highway bridge replaced or rehabilitated”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(d), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “Of the amount authorized per fiscal year for each of fiscal years 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991 by section 106(a)(5) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, all but $225,000,000 per fiscal year shall be apportioned as provided in subsection (e) of this section. $225,000,000 per fiscal year of the amount authorized for each of such fiscal years shall be available for obligation on the date of each such apportionment in the same manner and to the same extent as the sums apportioned on such date, except that the obligation of such $225,000,000 shall, subject to section 149(d) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, be at the discretion of the Secretary.”

Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(e)(1), substituted “1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 1997” for “and 1991” and “, rehabilitate, paint or seismic retrofit, or apply calcium magnesium acetate to” for “or rehabilitate”.

Subsec. (g)(4). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(f), added par. (4).

Subsecs. (p), (q). Pub. L. 102–240, §1028(e)(2), added subsec. (p) and redesignated former subsec. (p) as (q).

**1987**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(11), inserted at end “Funds apportioned under this section shall be available for expenditure for the same period as funds apportioned for projects on the Federal-aid primary system under this title. Any funds not obligated at the expiration of such period shall be reapportioned by the Secretary to the other States in accordance with this subsection.”

Pub. L. 100–17, §123(d)(3), inserted after third sentence “For purposes of the preceding sentence, the total cost of deficient bridges in a State and in all States shall be reduced by the total cost of any highway bridges constructed under subsection (m) in such State, relating to replacement of destroyed bridges and ferryboat services.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(a), amended subsec. (g) generally, revising and restating as pars. (1) to (3) provisions formerly contained in pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(b), substituted “(1)” for “which are not subject to the ebb and flow of the tide, and” and added cl. (2).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 100–17, §128, substituted “307(f)” for “307(e)” in last sentence.

Pub. L. 100–17, §123(c), amended subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (i) read as follows: “The Secretary shall report annually on projects approved under this section, shall annually revise and report the current inventories authorized by subsections (b) and (c) of this section, and shall report such recommendations as he may have for improvement of the program authorized by this section.”

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(d)(1), added subsec. (m). Former subsec. (m) redesignated (p).

Subsec. (n). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(e), which directed that this section be amended by adding subsec. (n) after subsec. (*l*), was executed by adding subsec. (n) after subsec. (m), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (*o*). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(f)(2), which directed that this section be amended by adding subsec. (*o*) after subsec. (*l*), was executed by adding subsec. (*o*) after subsec. (n), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (p). Pub. L. 100–17, §123(d)(1), redesignated former subsec. (m) as (p).

**1983**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–424, §121(a), substituted provisions setting forth categorization, formula for apportionment factors, and limitations respecting deficient bridges for provisions relating to apportionment of funds for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1979, through Sept. 30, 1983, availability for expenditure of such funds, and reapportionment by the Secretary.

Pub. L. 97–327, §5(c)(1), substituted “September 30, 1982, and September 30, 1983” for “and September 30, 1982”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–424, §122(a), designated existing provisions as par. (1), struck out provisions added by section 5(c)(2) of Pub. L. 97–327 relating to apportionment of amounts for fiscal year ending Sept. 30, 1983, and added par. (2).

Pub. L. 97–327, §5(c)(2), inserted provision that, of the amount authorized for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, by paragraph (1) of section 5(a) of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1982, all but $200,000,000 (multiplied by the factor determined under section 4(a) of such Act) be apportioned, and that $200,000,000 (multiplied by such factor) of the amount authorized for such fiscal year be available for obligation on the date of each such apportionment in the same manner and to the same extent as the sums apportioned on such date with specific limitations applicable to the obligation of such $200,000,000.

**1979**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 96–106, §7(a), substituted “such bridge with a comparable facility or in rehabilitating such bridge” for “or rehabilitating such bridge with a comparable facility”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–106, §8(a), inserted “, and for any project for a highway bridge the replacement or rehabilitation costs of which is less than $10,000,000 if such costs is at least twice the amount apportioned to the State in which such bridge is located under subsection (e) of this section for the fiscal year in which application is made for a grant for such bridge”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 96–106, §7(b), substituted “major work” for “major repairs”.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted provisions relating to Congressional findings as to highway bridge replacement and rehabilitation for provisions relating to Congressional findings as to special bridge replacement.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599 added cl. (4).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–599 added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d) and among other amendments struck out provisions requiring Secretary to consider economy of area and approval of projects without regard to allocation formulas under this title.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–599 added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 95–599 redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f), substituted “80” for “75”, and inserted “highway” after “account of any”. Former subsec. (f) was struck out.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95–599 redesignated former subsec. (e) as (g) and inserted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending Sept. 30, 1979 through Sept. 30, 1982. Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–599 redesignated former subsec. (g) as (h) and inserted provisions relating to exceptions to applications of the General Bridge Act of 1946. Former subsec. (h) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 95–599 redesignated former subsec. (h) as (i) and inserted provisions relating to revision and report of current inventories.

Subsecs. (j) to (m). Pub. L. 95–599 added subsecs. (j) to (m).

**1975**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–643 increased appropriations authorization to $125,000,000 from $75,000,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1976.

**1973**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 93–87, §204(a), provided for appropriations authorization of $25,000,000, $75,000,000, and $75,000,000 for fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, 1975, and 1976.

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 93–87, §204(b), (c), added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (f) and (g) as (g) and (h), respectively.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1114(e)(2), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1174, provided that the amendment made by section 1114(e)(2) is effective Oct. 1, 2005.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Section 123(d)(2) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to funds apportioned to the States under section 144 of title 23, United States Code, after September 30, 1986.”

Section 121(b) of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect October 1, 1982, and shall apply with respect to each fiscal year beginning on or after such date. Notwithstanding subsection (e) of section 144 of title 23, United States Code, as soon as practical after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983], the Secretary of Transportation shall apportion under such subsection (e), as amended by subsection (a) of this section, sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out such section 144 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983.”

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (h)(1), (3), and (4) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 135 of House Document No. 103–7.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1805, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1459, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) bear the additional cost associated with having the debris made available;

“(2) ensure that placement of the debris complies with applicable law; and

“(3) assume all future legal responsibility arising from the placement of the debris, which may include entering into an agreement to hold the owner of the demolished bridge or overpass harmless in any liability action.

“(c)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1804, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1458, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1) collect and disseminate information on historic covered bridges;

“(2) conduct educational programs relating to the history and construction techniques of historic covered bridges;

“(3) conduct research on the history of historic covered bridges; and

“(4) conduct research on, and study techniques for, protecting historic covered bridges from rot, fire, natural disasters, or weight-related damage.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) to rehabilitate or repair a historic covered bridge; or

“(B) to preserve a historic covered bridge, including through—

“(i) installation of a fire protection system, including a fireproofing or fire detection system and sprinklers;

“(ii) installation of a system to prevent vandalism and arson; or

“(iii) relocation of a bridge to a preservation site.

“(3)

“(A) to the maximum extent practicable, the project—

“(i) is carried out in the most historically appropriate manner; and

“(ii) preserves the existing structure of the historic covered bridge; and

“(B) the project provides for the replacement of wooden components with wooden components, unless the use of wood is impracticable for safety reasons.

“(d)

“(e)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1224, as added by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 837, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) collect and disseminate information concerning historic covered bridges;

“(2) foster educational programs relating to the history and construction techniques of historic covered bridges;

“(3) conduct research on the history of historic covered bridges; and

“(4) conduct research, and study techniques, on protecting historic covered bridges from rot, fire, natural disasters, or weight-related damage.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) to rehabilitate or repair a historic covered bridge; and

“(B) to preserve a historic covered bridge, including through—

“(i) installation of a fire protection system, including a fireproofing or fire detection system and sprinklers;

“(ii) installation of a system to prevent vandalism and arson; or

“(iii) relocation of a bridge to a preservation site.

“(3)

“(A) to the maximum extent practicable, the project—

“(i) is carried out in the most historically appropriate manner; and

“(ii) preserves the existing structure of the historic covered bridge; and

“(B) the project provides for the replacement of wooden components with wooden components, unless the use of wood is impracticable for safety reasons.

“(4)

“(d)

Section 1039 of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 102–388, title IV, §408, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1564, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) Development of new, economical highway timber bridge systems.

“(2) Development of engineering design criteria for structural wood products for use in highway bridges in order to improve methods for characterizing lumber design properties.

“(3) Preservative systems for use in highway timber bridges which demonstrate new alternatives and current treatment processes and procedures and which are environmentally sound with respect to application, use, and disposal of treated wood.

“(4) Alternative transportation system timber structures which demonstrate the development of applications for railing, sign, and lighting supports, sound barriers, culverts, and retaining walls in highway applications.

“(5) Rehabilitation measures which demonstrate effective, safe, and reliable methods for rehabilitating existing highway timber structures.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) Bridge designs which have both initial and long-term structural and environmental integrity.

“(B) Bridge designs which utilize timber species native to the State or region.

“(C) Innovative bridge designs which have the possibility of increasing knowledge, cost effectiveness, and future use of such designs.

“(D) Environmental practices for preservative treated timber, and construction techniques which comply with all environmental regulations, will be utilized.

“(d)

“(e)

“(1) $1,000,000 shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out subsections (a) and (b); and

“(2) $7,500,000 ($7,000,000 in the case of fiscal year 1992) shall be available to the Secretary for carrying out subsection (c).

Such sums shall remain available until expended.

“(f)

Section 1089 of Pub. L. 102–240 directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study of advisability and feasibility of establishing an international border highway infrastructure discretionary program and, not later than Sept. 30, 1993, transmit to Congress a report on results of the study, together with any recommendations.

Section 123(f)(1) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “Congress hereby finds and declares it to be in the national interest to encourage the rehabilitation, reuse and preservation of bridges significant in American history, architecture, engineering and culture. Historic bridges are important links to our past, serve as safe and vital transportation routes in the present, and can represent significant resources for the future.”

Section 123(f)(3) of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that:

“(A)

“(B)

Section 160 of Pub. L. 100–17 directed Secretary to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of improvement and maintenance needs for highway bridges which cross rail lines and whose ownership has been disputed and, not later than 30 months after Apr. 2, 1987, submit to Congress a report on the study and investigation along with recommendations on how the bridge needs could best be addressed on a long term basis in a cost-effective manner.

Section 130 of Pub. L. 97–424 provided that: “Whenever any law of the United States, enacted after January 1, 1970, and before the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983], authorizes payment, in financing the relocation of an existing road, for the cost of construction of a two-lane bridge with a substructure and deck truss capable of supporting a four-lane bridge, payment for the cost of completing the construction of such bridge as a four-lane bridge is authorized upon the completion of such substructure and deck truss.”

Section 161 of Pub. L. 97–424, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §123(h), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 164, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall develop a selection process for discretionary bridges authorized to be funded under section 144(g) [now 144(f)] of title 23, United States Code, and shall propose and issue a final regulation no later than six months after the date of enactment of this Act [Jan. 6, 1983], including a formula resulting in a rating factor based on the following criteria for such process. Such criteria shall give funding priority to those discretionary bridges already eligible under section 144(g) of title 23, United States Code, including a bridge replacement of which was partially funded under the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 1983 [Pub. L. 98–63] (97 Stat. 341). Eligible bridges after the issuance of a final regulation shall only include those with a rating factor of one hundred or less, based on a scale of zero to infinity. The criteria for such additional bridges which the Secretary shall consider are:

“(1) sufficiency rating computed as illustrated in appendix A of the Recording and Coding Guide for the Structure Inventory and Appraisal of the Nation's Bridges, USDOT/FHWA (latest edition);

“(2) average daily traffic using the most current value from the national bridge inventory data;

“(3) average daily truck traffic;

“(4) defense highway system status;

“(5) the State's unobligated balance of funds received under section 144 of title 23, United States Code, and the total funds received under section 144 of title 23, United States Code;

“(6) total project cost; and

“(7) special consideration should be given to bridges closed to all traffic or restricted to loads less than ten tons. Other unique considerations and the need to administer the program from a balanced national perspective should also be considered.”

Section 8(b) of Pub. L. 96–106 provided for the transfer of discretionary bridge funds authorized under subsec. (g) of this section for fiscal year 1980 to a State's apportionment under section 104(b)(6) of this title to repay funds obligated under section 104(b)(6) between June 1 and July 31, 1979, for bridge projects which are eligible for funding by virtue of the amendment of subsec. (g) of this section by section 8(a) of Pub. L. 96–106.

Section 124(c) of Pub. L. 95–599 directed Secretary of Transportation to complete the requirements of subsec. (c) of this section, as amended by subsec. (a) of section 124 of Pub. L. 95–599, not later than the last day of the second full calendar year which begins after Nov. 6, 1978.

Section 147 of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 96–106, §15, Nov. 19, 1979, 93 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4105, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 116, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct two projects to construct or replace high-traffic-volume bridges on the Federal-aid highway system which span major bodies of water in order to demonstrate the feasibility of reducing the time required to replace unsafe bridges; authorized funds for the projects; directed Secretary to report to Congress within six months after the completion of each project; redirected certain funds in excess of amounts needed to complete the projects for use in further projects for construction of three state-of-the-art Ohio River bridges linking designated cities in Kentucky and Ohio; and directed Secretary to report to Congress within a year after the completion of these bridges.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §123(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 261; amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1601(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 256; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1701(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1256.)

Section 1702 of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1702 of Pub. L. 109–59, title I, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1256, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1602 of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1602 of Pub. L. 105–178, title I, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 256, which is not classified to the Code.

Sections 1103 through 1108 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (b), are sections 1103 to 1108 of Pub. L. 102–240, title I, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2027–2063. See Tables for classification.

Section 149(a) of the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 149(a) of Pub. L. 100–17, title I, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 181, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1101(a)(16) of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1101(a)(16) of Pub. L. 109–59, title I, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1155, which is not classified to the Code.

Section 1101(a)(13) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1101(a)(13) of Pub. L. 105–178, title I, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 113, which is not classified to the Code.

**2005**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59 inserted “section 1702 of the SAFETEA–LU,” after “described in” and “section 1101(a)(16) of the SAFETEA–LU,” after “for such projects by” and substituted “section 117 of this title,” for “117 of title 23, United States Code,”.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

(a) In order to conserve fuel, decrease traffic congestion during rush hours, improve air quality, and enhance the use of existing highways and parking facilities, the Secretary may approve for Federal financial assistance from funds apportioned under sections 104(b)(1) and 104(b)(3) of this title, projects designed to encourage the use of carpools and vanpools. (As used hereafter in this section, the term “carpool” includes a vanpool.) Such a project may include, but is not limited to, such measures as providing carpooling opportunities to the elderly and handicapped, systems for locating potential riders and informing them of convenient carpool opportunities, acquiring vehicles appropriate for carpool use, designating existing highway lanes as preferential carpool highway lanes, providing related traffic control devices, and designating existing facilities for use as preferential parking for carpools.

(b) A project authorized by this section shall be subject to and carried out in accordance with all provisions of this title, except those provisions which the Secretary determines are inconsistent with this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §126(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2705; amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 125.)

A prior section 146, Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §125(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 262, related to a special urban high density traffic program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §128(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “sections 104(b)(1) and 104(b)(3)” for “sections 104(b)(1), 104(b)(2), and 104(b)(6)”.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §163, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2136, as amended by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(a)(4), (5), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170, 171; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1056, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2002, provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or any other law, no funds apportioned or allocated to a State for Federal-aid highways shall be obligated for a project for constructing, resurfacing, restoring, rehabilitating, or reconstructing a Federal-aid highway which has a lane designated as a carpool lane unless the use of such lane includes use by motorcycles. Upon certification by the State to the Secretary of Transportation, after notice in the Federal Register and an opportunity for public comment, and acceptance of such certification by the Secretary, the State may restrict such use by motorcycles if such use would create a safety hazard. Any certification made before the date of the enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Dec. 18, 1991] shall not be recognized by the Secretary until the Secretary publishes notice of such certification in the Federal Register and provides an opportunity for public comment on such certification.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §123(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2113, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed to expend such sums as are necessary out of the administrative funds authorized by subsection (a) of section 104, title 23, United States Code, to carry out the provisions of subsection (d) of section 126 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978 [section 126(d) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out below].”

Section 126(d)–(h) of Pub. L. 95–599, as amended by Pub. L. 102–240, title III, §3004(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2088, provided that:

“(d) It is hereby declared to be national policy that special effort should be made to promote commuter modes of transportation which conserve energy, reduce pollution, and reduce traffic congestion. The Secretary is directed to assist both public and private employers and employees who wish to establish carpooling and vanpooling programs where they are needed and desired, and to assist local and State governments, and their instrumentalities, in encouraging such modes by removing legal and regulatory barriers to such programs, supporting existing carpooling and vanpooling programs, and providing technical assistance, for the purpose of increasing participation in such modes.

“(e) The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to make grants and loans to States, counties, municipalities, metropolitan planning organizations, and other units of local and regional government consistent with the policy of subsection (d) of this section. Such grants and loans shall be awarded in a manner which emphasizes energy conservation, although the Secretary may use other factors as he deems appropriate. The Federal share of the costs of any project approved under this subsection shall not exceed 75 per centum. No grant awarded under this subsection may be used for the purchase or lease of vehicles.

“(f) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of the Highway Trust Fund, not to exceed $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, and $1,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, for expenditures incurred by the Secretary of Transportation in carrying out the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, and $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, and $9,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, for the purpose of carrying out the program described in subsection (e) of this section.

“(g) The Secretary of Transportation shall not approve any project under subsection (d) or (e) of this section or under section 146 of title 23, United States Code; which will have an adverse effect on any mass transportation system.

“(h) The Secretary of Transportation is directed to study the administrative effectiveness of carpooling and vanpooling programs within the Department of Transportation, including programs of the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Transit Administration, and the Office of the Secretary. Such study shall be completed no later than September 30, 1979. Upon completion of such study, the Secretary shall propose a plan to centralize or modify such programs to make delivery of services and grants more efficient, more cost-effective, and to avoid duplication of effort. Such plan shall list statutory changes needed to implement such a plan, which shall be sent to Congress no later than March 30, 1980.”

[“Federal Transit Administration” substituted for “Urban Mass Transit Administration” in section 126(h) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out above, pursuant to section 3004(a) of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 107 of Title 49, Transportation.]

For provisions relating to the Federal Facilities Ridesharing Program, see Ex. Ord. No. 12191, Feb. 1, 1980, 45 F.R. 7997, set out as a note under section 6361 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1) provide critical access to areas that are not well-served by other modes of surface transportation;

(2) carry the greatest number of passengers and vehicles; or

(3) carry the greatest number of passengers in passenger-only service.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(e)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §126(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 263; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §130, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 440; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1455.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to program for construction of ferry boats and ferry terminal facilities for provisions relating to selection of high traffic sections of highways as priority primary routes for priority of improvement to supplement the service provided by the Interstate System by furnishing needed adequate traffic collector and distributor facilities.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

**1976**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–280 amended subsec. (b) generally, striking out apportionment provisions.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1801(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456, provided that: “In addition to amounts made available to carry out section 147 of title 23, United States Code, by section 1101 of this Act [119 Stat. 1153], there are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out such section 147 for fiscal year 2006 and each fiscal year thereafter. Such funds shall remain available until expended.”

(a)

(1)

(A) on which the accident rate for fatalities and incapacitating injuries exceeds the statewide average for those functional classes of roadway; or

(B) that will likely have increases in traffic volume that are likely to create an accident rate for fatalities and incapacitating injuries that exceeds the statewide average for those functional classes of roadway.

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i) corrects or improves a hazardous road location or feature; or

(ii) addresses a highway safety problem.

(B)

(i) An intersection safety improvement.

(ii) Pavement and shoulder widening (including addition of a passing lane to remedy an unsafe condition).

(iii) Installation of rumble strips or another warning device, if the rumble strips or other warning devices do not adversely affect the safety or mobility of bicyclists, pedestrians, and the disabled.

(iv) Installation of a skid-resistant surface at an intersection or other location with a high frequency of accidents.

(v) An improvement for pedestrian or bicyclist safety or safety of the disabled.

(vi) Construction of any project for the elimination of hazards at a railway-highway crossing that is eligible for funding under section 130, including the separation or protection of grades at railway-highway crossings.

(vii) Construction of a railway-highway crossing safety feature, including installation of protective devices.

(viii) The conduct of a model traffic enforcement activity at a railway-highway crossing.

(ix) Construction of a traffic calming feature.

(x) Elimination of a roadside obstacle.

(xi) Improvement of highway signage and pavement markings.

(xii) Installation of a priority control system for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections.

(xiii) Installation of a traffic control or other warning device at a location with high accident potential.

(xiv) Safety-conscious planning.

(xv) Improvement in the collection and analysis of crash data.

(xvi) Planning integrated interoperable emergency communications equipment, operational activities, or traffic enforcement activities (including police assistance) relating to workzone safety.

(xvii) Installation of guardrails, barriers (including barriers between construction work zones and traffic lanes for the safety of motorists and workers), and crash attenuators.

(xviii) The addition or retrofitting of structures or other measures to eliminate or reduce accidents involving vehicles and wildlife.

(xix) Installation and maintenance of signs (including fluorescent, yellow-green signs) at pedestrian-bicycle crossings and in school zones.

(xx) Construction and yellow-green signs at pedestrian-bicycle crossings and in school zones.

(xxi) Construction and operational improvements on high risk rural roads.

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(6)

(A) is developed after consultation with—

(i) a highway safety representative of the Governor of the State;

(ii) regional transportation planning organizations and metropolitan planning organizations, if any;

(iii) representatives of major modes of transportation;

(iv) State and local traffic enforcement officials;

(v) persons responsible for administering section 130 at the State level;

(vi) representatives conducting Operation Lifesaver;

(vii) representatives conducting a motor carrier safety program under section 31102, 31106, or 31309 of title 49;

(viii) motor vehicle administration agencies; and

(ix) other major State and local safety stakeholders;

(B) analyzes and makes effective use of State, regional, or local crash data;

(C) addresses engineering, management, operation, education, enforcement, and emergency services elements (including integrated, interoperable emergency communications) of highway safety as key factors in evaluating highway projects;

(D) considers safety needs of, and high-fatality segments of, public roads;

(E) considers the results of State, regional, or local transportation and highway safety planning processes;

(F) describes a program of projects or strategies to reduce or eliminate safety hazards;

(G) is approved by the Governor of the State or a responsible State agency; and

(H) is consistent with the requirements of section 135(g).

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(A) develops and implements a State strategic highway safety plan that identifies and analyzes highway safety problems and opportunities as provided in paragraph (2);

(B) produces a program of projects or strategies to reduce identified safety problems;

(C) evaluates the plan on a regular basis to ensure the accuracy of the data and priority of proposed improvements; and

(D) submits to the Secretary an annual report that—

(i) describes, in a clearly understandable fashion, not less than 5 percent of locations determined by the State, using criteria established in accordance with paragraph (2)(B)(ii), as exhibiting the most severe safety needs; and

(ii) contains an assessment of—

(I) potential remedies to hazardous locations identified;

(II) estimated costs associated with those remedies; and

(III) impediments to implementation other than cost associated with those remedies.

(2)

(A) have in place a crash data system with the ability to perform safety problem identification and countermeasure analysis;

(B) based on the analysis required by subparagraph (A)—

(i) identify hazardous locations, sections, and elements (including roadside obstacles, railway-highway crossing needs, and unmarked or poorly marked roads) that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, and other highway users; and

(ii) using such criteria as the State determines to be appropriate, establish the relative severity of those locations, in terms of accidents, injuries, deaths, traffic volume levels, and other relevant data;

(C) adopt strategic and performance-based goals that—

(i) address traffic safety, including behavioral and infrastructure problems and opportunities on all public roads;

(ii) focus resources on areas of greatest need; and

(iii) are coordinated with other State highway safety programs;

(D) advance the capabilities of the State for traffic records data collection, analysis, and integration with other sources of safety data (such as road inventories) in a manner that—

(i) complements the State highway safety program under chapter 4 and the commercial vehicle safety plan under section 31102 of title 49;

(ii) includes all public roads;

(iii) identifies hazardous locations, sections, and elements on public roads that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, the disabled, and other highway users; and

(iv) includes a means of identifying the relative severity of hazardous locations described in clause (iii) in terms of accidents, injuries, deaths, and traffic volume levels;

(E)(i) determine priorities for the correction of hazardous road locations, sections, and elements (including railway-highway crossing improvements), as identified through crash data analysis;

(ii) identify opportunities for preventing the development of such hazardous conditions; and

(iii) establish and implement a schedule of highway safety improvement projects for hazard correction and hazard prevention; and

(F)(i) establish an evaluation process to analyze and assess results achieved by highway safety improvement projects carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria established by this section; and

(ii) use the information obtained under clause (i) in setting priorities for highway safety improvement projects.

(d)

(1)

(A) any highway safety improvement project on any public road or publicly owned bicycle or pedestrian pathway or trail; or

(B) as provided in subsection (e), other safety projects.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(e)

(1)

(A) the State has met needs in the State relating to railway-highway crossings; and

(B) the State has met the State's infrastructure safety needs relating to highway safety improvement projects.

(2)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(g)

(1)

(A) describes progress being made to implement highway safety improvement projects under this section;

(B) assesses the effectiveness of those improvements; and

(C) describes the extent to which the improvements funded under this section contribute to the goals of—

(i) reducing the number of fatalities on roadways;

(ii) reducing the number of roadway-related injuries;

(iii) reducing the occurrences of roadway-related crashes;

(iv) mitigating the consequences of roadway-related crashes; and

(v) reducing the occurrences of crashes at railway-highway crossings.

(2)

(3)

(A) the Web site of the Department; and

(B) such other means as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(4)

(h)

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §129(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 265; amended Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §§125, 129(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2705, 2707; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1219.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e)(2), probably means the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which amended this section generally and was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to a highway safety improvement program for provisions relating to development of the Great River Road, a national scenic and recreational highway.

**1978**—Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 95–599, §125(b), inserted provision authorizing charging of a fee in certain cases to cover operational costs.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–599, §129(d), substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–599, §125(a), added subsec. (h).

Amendment by section 129(d) of Pub. L. 95–599 effective with respect to obligations incurred after Nov. 6, 1978, see section 129(h) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out as a note under section 120 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(d), formerly §1401(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1227, renumbered §1401(d) by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(s)(1), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1577, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

(a)

(b)

(1)(A)(i) if the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator determines, on the basis of information published by the Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to section 108(f)(1)(A) of the Clean Air Act (other than clause (xvi)) that the project or program is likely to contribute to—

(I) the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard; or

(II) the maintenance of a national ambient air quality standard in a maintenance area; and

(ii) a high level of effectiveness in reducing air pollution, in cases of projects or programs where sufficient information is available in the database established pursuant to subsection (h) to determine the relative effectiveness of such projects or programs; or,

(B) in any case in which such information is not available, if the Secretary, after such consultation, determines that the project or program is part of a program, method, or strategy described in such section 108(f)(1)(A);

(2) if the project or program is included in a State implementation plan that has been approved pursuant to the Clean Air Act and the project will have air quality benefits;

(3) the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, determines that the project or program is likely to contribute to the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard, whether through reductions in vehicle miles traveled, fuel consumption, or through other factors;

(4) to establish or operate a traffic monitoring, management, and control facility or program, including advanced truck stop electrification systems, if the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, determines that the facility or program is likely to contribute to the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard;

(5) if the program or project improves traffic flow, including projects to improve signalization, construct high occupancy vehicle lanes, improve intersections, improve transportation systems management and operations that mitigate congestion and improve air quality, and implement intelligent transportation system strategies and such other projects that are eligible for assistance under this section on the day before the date of enactment of this paragraph;

(6) if the project or program involves the purchase of integrated, interoperable emergency communications equipment; or

(7) if the project or program is for—

(A) the purchase of diesel retrofits that are—

(i) for motor vehicles (as defined in section 216 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550)); or

(ii) published in the list under subsection (f)(2) for non-road vehicles and non-road engines (as defined in section 216 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7550)) that are used in construction projects that are—

(I) located in nonattainment or maintenance areas for ozone, PM10, or PM2.5 (as defined under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)); and

(II) funded, in whole or in part, under this title; or

(B) the conduct of outreach activities that are designed to provide information and technical assistance to the owners and operators of diesel equipment and vehicles regarding the purchase and installation of diesel retrofits.

No funds may be provided under this section for a project which will result in the construction of new capacity available to single occupant vehicles unless the project consists of a high occupancy vehicle facility available to single occupant vehicles only at other than peak travel times. In areas of a State which are nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide, or both, and for PM–10 resulting from transportation activities, the State may obligate such funds for any project or program under paragraph (1) or (2) without regard to any limitation of the Department of Transportation relating to the type of ambient air quality standard such project or program addresses.

(c)

(1)

(A) would otherwise be eligible under this section as if the project were carried out in a nonattainment or maintenance area; or

(B) is eligible under the surface transportation program under section 133.

(2)

(A) would otherwise be eligible under this section as if the project were carried out in a nonattainment or maintenance area; or

(B) is eligible under the surface transportation program under section 133.

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) ownership or operation of any land, facility, vehicle, or other physical asset associated with the project;

(B) cost sharing of any project expense;

(C) carrying out of administration, construction management, project management, project operation, or any other management or operational duty associated with the project; and

(D) any other form of participation approved by the Secretary.

(3)

(4)

(A) may include the costs of vehicle refueling infrastructure, including infrastructure that would support the development, production, and use of emerging technologies that reduce emissions of air pollutants from motor vehicles, and other capital investments associated with the project;

(B) shall include only the incremental cost of an alternative fueled vehicle, as compared to a conventionally fueled vehicle, that would otherwise be borne by a private party; and

(C) shall apply other governmental financial purchase contributions in the calculation of net incremental cost.

(5)

(f)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A) diesel emission reduction technologies certified or verified by the Administrator, the California Air Resources Board, or any other entity recognized by the Administrator for the same purpose;

(B) diesel emission reduction technologies identified by the Administrator as having an application and approvable test plan for verification by the Administrator or the California Air Resources Board that is submitted not later that 18 months of the date of enactment of this subsection;

(C) available information regarding the emission reduction effectiveness and cost effectiveness of technologies identified in this paragraph, taking into consideration air quality and health effects.

(3)

(A)

(i) diesel retrofits, particularly where necessary to facilitate contract compliance, and other cost-effective emission reduction activities, taking into consideration air quality and health effects; and

(ii) cost-effective congestion mitigation activities that provide air quality benefits.

(B)

(4)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(A) determine the direct and indirect impact of the projects on air quality and congestion levels; and

(B) ensure the effective implementation of the program.

(2)

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §142(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 272; amended Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1008(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1932; Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §380, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1562; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §319(a)(1), (b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 588, 589; Pub. L. 104–88, title IV, §405(a)(2), (b), Dec. 29, 1995, 109 Stat. 956, 957; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1110(a)–(d)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 142, 143; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1808(a)–(f), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1461–1463.)

The Clean Air Act, referred to in subsecs. (b), (c)(1), (e)(5), and (f)(4), is act July 14, 1955, ch. 360, 69 Stat. 322, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 85 (§7401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. Section 108(f)(1)(A) of the Act is classified to section 7408(f)(1)(A) of Title 42. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7401 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (b)(5), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (f)(2)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

Section 1110(e) of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (h)(3), is section 1110(e) of Pub. L. 105–178, which is set out as a note below.

**2005**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(a), inserted “or is required to prepare, and file with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, maintenance plans under the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)” after “1997,” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(b)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows:

“(A) if the Secretary, after consultation with the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, determines, on the basis of information published by the Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to section 108(f)(1)(A) of the Clean Air Act (other than clause (xvi) of such section), that the project or program is likely to contribute to—

“(i) the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard; or

“(ii) the maintenance of a national ambient air quality standard in a maintenance area; or

“(B) in any case in which such information is not available, if the Secretary, after such consultation, determines that the project or program is part of a program, method, or strategy described in such section;”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(b)(2)(A), inserted “, including advanced truck stop electrification systems,” after “control facility or program”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(b)(3)(A), inserted “improve transportation systems management and operations that mitigate congestion and improve air quality,” after “intersections,”.

Subsec. (b)(6), (7). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(b)(2)(B), (3)(B), (4), which directed addition of pars. (6) and (7) at end of subsec. (b), was executed by adding pars. (6) and (7) after par. (5) to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(c)(1), substituted “for any project in the State that—” and subpars. (A) and (B) for “for any project eligible under the surface transportation program under section 133.”

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(c)(2), substituted “for any project in the State that—” and subpars. (A) and (B) for “for any project in the State eligible under section 133.”

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §1808(d)–(f), added subsecs. (f) to (h).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(a), substituted “shall establish and implement” for “shall establish”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(b)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “that is or was designated as a nonattainment area for ozone, carbon monoxide, or particulate matter under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)) and classified pursuant to section 181(a), 186(a), 188(a), or 188(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7511(a), 7512(a), 7513(a), or 7513(b)) or is or was designated as a nonattainment area under such section 107(d) after December 31, 1997,” for “that was designated as a nonattainment area under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)) during any part of fiscal year 1994”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(b)(2), substituted “clause (xvi) of such section” for “clauses (xii) and (xvi) of such section”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(b)(3), substituted “a maintenance area” for “an area that was designated as a nonattainment area but that was later redesignated by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency as an attainment area under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d))”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(b)(4)–(6), added par. (5).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(c), added subsec. (c) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (c). Text read as follows: “If a State does not have a nonattainment area for ozone or carbon monoxide under the Clean Air Act located within its borders, the State may use funds apportioned to it under section 104(b)(2) for any project eligible for assistance under the surface transportation program.”

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1110(d)(1), added subsec. (e).

**1995**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–59, §319(a)(1)(A), in introductory provisions, inserted “if the project or program is for an area in the State that was designated as a nonattainment area under section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7407(d)) during any part of fiscal year 1994 and” after “project or program”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 104–59, §319(a)(1)(B), substituted “contribute to—” and cls. (i) and (ii) for “contribute to the attainment of a national ambient air quality standard; or”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 104–59, §319(b)(1), struck out “or” at end.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–88, §405(b)(1), inserted “or” after semicolon at end.

Pub. L. 104–59, §319(b)(2), substituted a semicolon for period at end.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 104–88, §405(b)(2), substituted a period for “; or” at end.

Pub. L. 104–59, §319(b)(3), as amended by Pub. L. 104–88, §405(a)(2), added par. (4).

**1992**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–388 inserted at end “In areas of a State which are nonattainment for ozone or carbon monoxide, or both, and for PM–10 resulting from transportation activities, the State may obligate such funds for any project or program under paragraph (1) or (2) without regard to any limitation of the Department of Transportation relating to the type of ambient air quality standard such project or program addresses.”

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: “Truck lanes” and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may approve as a project on any Federal-aid system the construction of exclusive or preferential truck lanes.”

Amendment by section 405(b) of Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 701 of Title 49, Transportation.

Section 405(a) of Pub. L. 104–88 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Nov. 28, 1995.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1110(d)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 144, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(g), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836, provided that: “For the purposes of section 149(e) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall determine in accordance with the procedures specified in section 149(b) of such title whether water-phased hydrocarbon fuel emulsion technologies that consist of a hydrocarbon base and water in an amount not less than 20 percent by volume reduce emissions of hydrocarbon, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, or nitrogen oxide from motor vehicles.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1110(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 144, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) evaluate the air quality impacts of emissions from motor vehicles;

“(B) evaluate the negative effects of traffic congestion, including the economic effects of time lost due to congestion;

“(C) determine the amount of funds obligated under the program and make a comprehensive analysis of the types of projects funded under the program;

“(D) evaluate the emissions reductions attributable to projects of various types that have been funded under the program;

“(E) assess the effectiveness, including the quantitative and nonquantitative benefits, of projects funded under the program and include, in the assessment, an estimate of the cost per ton of pollution reduction;

“(F) assess the cost effectiveness of projects funded under the program with respect to congestion mitigation;

“(G) compare—

“(i) the costs of achieving the air pollutant emissions reductions achieved under the program; to

“(ii) the costs that would be incurred if similar reductions were achieved by other measures, including pollution controls on stationary sources;

“(H) include recommendations on improvements, including other types of projects, that will increase the overall effectiveness of the program;

“(I) include recommendations on expanding the scope of the program to address traffic-related pollutants that, as of the date of the study, are not addressed by the program.

“(2)

“(3)

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997, amendment by section 319(a)(1) of Pub. L. 104–59 not to affect any apportionment adjustments under section 1015 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102–240, see section 319(c) of Pub. L. 104–59, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1012(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1938, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(e), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1216(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 211; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9006(b), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 848; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1604(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1249, provided that:

“(1) The Secretary shall solicit the participation of State and local governments and public authorities for one or more value pricing pilot programs. The Secretary may enter into cooperative agreements with as many as 15 such State or local governments or public authorities to establish, maintain, and monitor value pricing programs.

“(2) Notwithstanding section 129 of title 23, United States Code, the Federal share payable for such programs shall be 80 percent. The Secretary shall fund all preimplementation costs and project design, and all of the development and other start up costs of such projects, including salaries and expenses, for a period of at least 1 year, and thereafter until such time that sufficient revenues are being generated by the program to fund its operating costs without Federal participation, except that the Secretary may not fund the preimplementation or implementation costs of any project for more than 3 years.

“(3) Revenues generated by any pilot project under this subsection must be applied to projects eligible under such title.

“(4) Notwithstanding sections 129 and 301 of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall allow the use of tolls on the Interstate System as part of any value pricing pilot program under this subsection.

“(5) The Secretary shall monitor the effect of such programs for a period of at least 10 years, and shall report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives every 2 years on the effects such programs are having on driver behavior, traffic volume, transit ridership, air quality, and availability of funds for transportation programs.

“(6)

“(7)

“(8)

“(A)

“(i) for fiscal year 2005, $11,000,000; and

“(ii) for each of fiscal years 2006 through 2009, $12,000,000.

“(B)

“(C)

“(D)

“(i) shall be apportioned in the following fiscal year by the Secretary to all States in accordance with section 104(b)(3) of title 23, United States Code;

“(ii) shall be considered to be a sum made available for expenditure on the surface transportation program, except that the amount shall not be subject to section 133(d) of such title; and

“(iii) shall be available for any purpose eligible for funding under section 133 of such title.

“(C) [probably should be (E)]

Section, added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §157(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 277; amended Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §124, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2113, related to allocation of urban system funds.

Repeal effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(1) specify, in detail, the method by which such inspections shall be carried out by the States;

(2) establish the maximum time period between inspections;

(3) establish the qualification for those charged with carrying out the inspections;

(4) require each State to maintain and make available to the Secretary upon request—

(A) written reports on the results of highway bridge inspections together with notations of any action taken pursuant to the findings of such inspections; and

(B) current inventory data for all highway bridges reflecting the findings of the most recent highway bridge inspections conducted; and

(5) establish a procedure for national certification of highway bridge inspectors.

(c)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §125(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 166; amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), title V, §5119(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193, 452.)

A prior section 151, added Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §205(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 284; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §207, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 454; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §127, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2707; Pub. L. 96–470, title II, §209(c), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2245; Pub. L. 97–375, title I, §111(a), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1821, related to a pavement marking demonstration program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §125(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 166.

**1998**—Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §5119(e), substituted “section 502,” for “section 307(a),”.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) identify, through a survey, hazards to motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, and users of highway facilities; and

(B) develop and implement projects and programs to address the hazards.

(b) The Secretary may approve as a project under this section any safety improvement project, including a project described in subsection (a).

(c) Funds authorized to carry out this section shall be available for expenditure on—

(1) any public road;

(2) any public surface transportation facility or any publicly owned bicycle or pedestrian pathway or trail; or

(3) any traffic calming measure.

(d) The Federal share payable on account of any project under this section shall be 90 percent of the cost thereof.

(e) Funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall be available for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if such funds were apportioned under section 104(b), except that the Secretary is authorized to waive provisions he deems inconsistent with the purposes of this section.

(f) Each State shall establish an evaluation process approved by the Secretary, to analyze and assess results achieved by safety improvement projects carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria established by this section. Such evaluation process shall develop cost-benefit data for various types of corrections and treatments which shall be used in setting priorities for safety improvement projects.

(g) Each State shall report to the Secretary of Transportation not later than December 30 of each year, on the progress being made to implement safety improvement projects for hazard elimination and the effectiveness of such improvements. Each State report shall contain an assessment of the cost of, and safety benefits derived from, the various means and methods used to mitigate or eliminate hazards and the previous and subsequent accident experience at these locations. The Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives not later than April 1 of each year on the progress being made by the States in implementing the hazard elimination program (including but not limited to any projects for pavement marking). The report shall include, but not be limited to, the number of projects undertaken, their distribution by cost range, road system, means and methods used, and the previous and subsequent accident experience at improved locations. In addition, the Secretary's report shall analyze and evaluate each State program, identify any State found not to be in compliance with the schedule of improvements required by subsection (a) and include recommendations for future implementation of the hazard elimination program.

(h) For the purposes of this section the term “State” shall have the meaning given it in section 401 of this title.

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §209(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 286; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §131, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §168(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2722; Pub. L. 96–106, §10(b), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 97–375, title II, §210(b), Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1826; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §125, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2113; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(12), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1401, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 235.)

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1401(1), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and inserted par. heading, realigned margins, substituted “motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians” for “motorists and pedestrians”, and added par. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1401(2), substituted “safety improvement project, including a project described in subsection (a)” for “highway safety improvement project”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1401(3), substituted “on—

“(1) any public road;

“(2) any public surface transportation facility or any publicly owned bicycle or pedestrian pathway or trail; or

“(3) any traffic calming measure” for “on any public road (other than a highway on the Interstate System)”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1401(4), struck out “apportioned to the States as provided in section 402(c) of this title. Such funds shall be” before “available for obligation” and substituted “section 104(b)” for “section 104(b)(1)”.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1401(5), substituted “safety improvement projects” for “highway safety improvement projects” wherever appearing.

**1995**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–59 substituted “Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure” for “Committee on Public Works and Transportation”.

**1987**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Public Works and Transportation of the House of Representatives” for “the Congress”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 substituted provision that funds authorized to carry out this section shall be available for expenditure on any public road (other than a highway on the Interstate System), for provision that funds authorized to carry out this section would be available solely for expenditure for projects on any Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System) except in the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa.

**1982**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–375 inserted “(including but not limited to any projects for pavement marking)” after “implementing the hazard elimination program”.

**1979**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 96–106 substituted “December 30” for “September 30” and “April 1” for “January 1”.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted “public roads” for “highways” and inserted provisions relating to identification of hazardous sections and elements.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted provisions relating to approval of highway safety improvement projects by the Secretary for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal years ending June 30, 1974 through June 30, 1976.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–599 reenacted subsec. (c) without substantive change.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted provisions prescribing the Federal share payable on account of any project under this section for provisions relating to apportionment of funds made available under subsec. (b) to the States. See subsec. (e) of this section.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted provisions relating to apportionment of funds to the States under this section for provisions relating to progress reports required of the States under this section. See subsec. (g).

Subsecs. (f) to (h). Pub. L. 95–599 added subsecs. (f) and (g) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (h).

**1976**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 94–280 added subsec. (f).

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions in subsec. (g) of this section relating to the requirement that the Secretary of Transportation submit a report to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives not later than April 1 of each year, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 135 of House Document No. 103–7.

(a)

(1) a law which makes unlawful throughout the State the operation of a motorcycle if any individual on the motorcycle is not wearing a motorcycle helmet; and

(2) a law which makes unlawful throughout the State the operation of a passenger vehicle whenever an individual in a front seat of the vehicle (other than a child who is secured in a child restraint system) does not have a safety belt properly fastened about the individual's body.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(c)

(d)

(1) in the first fiscal year the State receives a grant, 75 percent of the cost of implementing in such fiscal year a traffic safety program described in subsection (b);

(2) in the second fiscal year the State receives a grant, 50 percent of the cost of implementing in such fiscal year such traffic safety program; and

(3) in the third fiscal year the State receives a grant, 25 percent of the cost of implementing in such fiscal year such traffic safety program.

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) had in effect at all times a State law described in subsection (a)(1) and achieved a rate of compliance with such law of not less than 75 percent; and

(B) had in effect at all times a State law described in subsection (a)(2) and achieved a rate of compliance with such law of not less than 50 percent.

(3)

(A) had in effect at all times a State law described in subsection (a)(1) and achieved a rate of compliance with such law of not less than 85 percent; and

(B) had in effect at all times a State law described in subsection (a)(2) and achieved a rate of compliance with such law of not less than 70 percent.

(g)

(h)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) the amount of funds transferred to the apportionment of section 402 of the State under section 402 for such fiscal year; by

(B) the ratio of the amount of obligation authority distributed for such fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs to the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction (excluding sums not subject to any obligation limitation) for such fiscal year.

(5)

(i)

(1)

(2) 1 of this title.

(3)

(4)

(A) with respect to open-body passenger vehicles, including convertibles, an occupant restraint system consisting of a lap belt or a lap belt and a detachable shoulder belt; and

(B) with respect to other passenger vehicles, an occupant restraint system consisting of integrated lap shoulder belts.

(j)

(k)

(Added Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1031(a)(1), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1970; amended Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(e), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577.)

The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (c) and (i)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 102–240, which was approved Dec. 18, 1991.

Section 154 of this title, referred to in subsec. (i)(2), was repealed by Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(d)(1)(B), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577.

A prior section 153, added Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §210(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 287; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §131, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441, related to a program for the elimination of roadside obstacles, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §168(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2723.

**1995**—Subsec. (h)(1), (2). Pub. L. 104–59 struck out “a law described in subsection (a)(1) and” after “have in effect”.

Section 205(e) of Pub. L. 104–59 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Sept. 30, 1995.

Section effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 104 of this title.

Section 1031(b) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) that contains any amount of alcoholic beverage; and

(B)(i) that is open or has a broken seal; or

(ii) the contents of which are partially removed.

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) in the passenger area of a motor vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation; or

(B) in the living quarters of a house coach or house trailer,

the State shall be deemed to have in effect a law described in this subsection with respect to such a motor vehicle for each fiscal year during which the law is in effect.

(c)

(1)

(A) to be used for alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures; or

(B) to be directed to State and local law enforcement agencies for enforcement of laws prohibiting driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence and other related laws (including regulations), including the purchase of equipment, the training of officers, and the use of additional personnel for specific alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, dedicated to enforcement of the laws (including regulations).

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(1).

(B) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(3).

(C) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(4).

(6)

(A)

(B)

(i) the amount of funds transferred under subparagraph (A) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 for the fiscal year, by

(ii) the ratio that—

(I) the amount of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs, bears to

(II) the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (excluding sums not subject to any obligation limitation) for the fiscal year.

(7)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1405(a), as added Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9005(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 843; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(a)(3)(C), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1225.)

A prior section 154, added Pub. L. 93–643, §114(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2286; amended Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §205, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2729; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §1108, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 626; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §174, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 218; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1029(a), (b), (e), (g), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1968–1970, established the national maximum speed limit, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(d)(1)(B), (3), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 577, applicable to State on 10th day following Nov. 28, 1995, except that if legislature was not in session on such date and chief executive officer declared before such date that legislature was not in session and that State preferred applicability date that was after date on which legislature would convene, applicable to State on 60th day following date on which legislature would next convene.

**2005**—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “148” for “152”.

Section effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

(a) The Secretary is authorized to construct or reconstruct access highways to public recreation areas on lakes in order to accommodate present and projected traffic density. The Secretary shall develop guidelines and standards for the designation of routes and the allocation of funds for the purpose of this section which shall include the following criteria:

(1) No portion of any access highway constructed or reconstructed under this section shall exceed thirty-five miles in length nor shall any portion of such highway be located more than thirty-five miles from the nearest part of such recreation area.

(2) Routes shall be designated by the Secretary on the recommendation of the State and responsible local officials, after consultation with the head of the Federal agency (if any) having jurisdiction over the public recreation area involved.

(b) The Federal share payable on account of any project authorized pursuant to this section shall not exceed 75 per centum of the cost of construction or reconstruction of such project.

(c) All of the provisions of this title applicable to highways on the Federal-aid system (other than the Interstate System) determined appropriate by the Secretary, except those provisions which the Secretary determines are inconsistent with this section, shall apply to any highway designated under this section which is not a part of the Federal-aid system when so designated.

(d) For the purpose of this section the term “lake” means any lake, reservoir, pool, or other body of water resulting from the construction of any lock, dam, or similar structure by the Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, or the Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, or the Tennessee Valley Authority, and any multipurpose lake resulting from construction assistance of the Soil Conservation Service, Department of Agriculture. This section shall apply to lakes heretofore or hereafter constructed or authorized for construction.

(e) There is authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $25,000,000 for the fiscal year 1976 to carry out this section. Amounts authorized by this subsection for a fiscal year shall be available for that fiscal year and for the two succeeding fiscal years.

(Added Pub. L. 93–643, §115(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2287; amended Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §129(e), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2708.)

**1978**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–599 effective with respect to obligations incurred after Nov. 6, 1978, see section 129(h) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out as a note under section 120 of this title.

Pub. L. 94–134, title I, §101, Nov. 24, 1975, 89 Stat. 703, appropriated in part: “For necessary expenses not otherwise provided, to carry out the provisions of section 115(a), ‘Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974 [this section]’; $10,000,000, to remain available until September 30 1978: Provided, That any authority to incur obligations granted by section 115 of the Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974 [subsec. (e) of this section] is hereby rescinded.”

(a)

(b)

(c)

(Added Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §126(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 167; amended Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1027(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1967; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1303(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 227.)

A prior section 156, added Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §132(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441, authorized the Secretary to construct or reconstruct any public highway or highway bridge across any Federal public works project, specified conditions under which such work may be done, and authorized appropriations for such work of $100,000,000 to be available in the fiscal year in which appropriated and for the two succeeding fiscal years, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §126(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 167.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Subject to section 142(f), States shall charge, as a minimum, fair market value, with exceptions granted at the discretion of the Secretary for social, environmental, and economic mitigation purposes, for the sale, use, lease, or lease renewals (other than for utility use and occupancy or for transportation projects eligible for assistance under this title) of right-of-way airspace acquired as a result of a project funded in whole or in part with Federal assistance made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account). This section applies to new airspace usage proposals, renewals of prior agreements, arrangements, or leases entered into by the State after the date of the enactment of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987. The Federal share of net income from the revenues obtained by the State for sales, uses, or leases (including lease renewals) under this section shall be used by the State for projects eligible under this title.”

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “Subject to section 142(f), States shall” for “States shall”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(A) with respect to an open-body passenger motor vehicle, including a convertible, an occupant restraint system consisting of a lap belt or a lap belt and a detachable shoulder belt; and

(B) with respect to any other passenger motor vehicle, an occupant restraint system consisting of integrated lap and shoulder belts.

(8)

(A) for each of calendar years 1996 and 1997, by the State, as weighted by the Secretary to ensure national consistency in methods of measurement (as determined by the Secretary); and

(B) for each of calendar years 1998 through 2003, by the State in a manner consistent with the criteria established by the Secretary under subsection (e).

(b)

(1)(A) which States had, for each of the previous calendar years (in this subsection referred to as the “previous calendar year”) and the year preceding the previous calendar year, a State seat belt use rate greater than the national average seat belt use rate for that year; and

(B) in the case of each State described in subparagraph (A), the amount that is equal to the savings to the Federal Government due to the amount by which the State seat belt use rate for the previous calendar year exceeds the national average seat belt use rate for that year; and

(2) in the case of each State that is not a State described in paragraph (1)(A)—

(A) the base seat belt use rate of the State, which shall be equal to the highest State seat belt use rate for the State for any calendar year during the period of 1996 through the calendar year preceding the previous calendar year; and

(B) the amount that is equal to the savings to the Federal Government due to any increase in the State seat belt use rate for the previous calendar year over the base seat belt use rate determined under subparagraph (A).

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) develop a plan for innovative projects described in paragraph (1); and

(B) submit the plan to the Secretary not later than March 1 of the fiscal year.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i) shall be apportioned in accordance with section 104(b)(3);

(ii) shall be considered to be sums made available for expenditure on the surface transportation program, except that the amounts shall not be subject to section 133(d); and

(iii) shall be available for any purpose eligible for funding under section 133.

(B)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1403(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 237; amended Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 108–202, §6(a), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 483; Pub. L. 108–224, §5(a), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 108–263, §5(a), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 108–280, §5(a), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 881; Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 109–14, §5(a)(1), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 109–20, §5(a)(1), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 109–35, §5(a)(1), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 109–37, §5(a)(1), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 109–40, §5(a)(1), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1406, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1231.)

The Social Security Act, referred to in subsec. (a)(6), is act Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620, as amended. Titles XVIII and XIX of the Social Security Act are classified generally to subchapters XVIII (§1395 et seq.) and XIX (§1396 et seq.) of chapter 7 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1305 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

A prior section 157, added Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §150(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2131; amended Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4102(f), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 113; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§105(h), 124, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 144, 164; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1002(h), 1013(a), (b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1918, 1940; Pub. L. 103–272, §5(f)(3), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1374, related to minimum allocations to States, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1403(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 237.

**2005**—Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “2004, and $112,000,000 for fiscal year 2005” for “2004, and $92,975,342 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “$92,975,342 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005” for “$92,054,794 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “$92,054,794 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” for “$90,720,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “$90,720,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” for “$89,600,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “$89,600,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” for “$84,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “$84,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” for “$74,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(3), (8)(B). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1)(A), (B), substituted “2003” for “2002”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1)(C), substituted “2005” for “2003” in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (c)(1), (2), (f)(4). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1)(D)–(F), substituted “2004” for “2003”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1)(G), struck out “and” after “2003,” and inserted “, and $74,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” before period at end.

Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “$112,000,000 for fiscal year 2004” for “$93,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “$93,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” for “$84,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “$84,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” for “$65,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “$65,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” for “$46,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.

Subsec. (g)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(1)(H), (I), substituted “2005” for “2004” in heading and text.

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(3), (8)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1)(A), (B), substituted “2002” for “2001”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1)(C), substituted “2003” for “2002” in introductory provisions.

Subsecs. (c)(1), (2), (f)(4). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1)(D)–(F), substituted “2003” for “2002”.

Subsec. (g)(1). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1)(G), struck out “and” after “2002,” and inserted before period at end “, and $46,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.

Subsec. (g)(3)(B). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(1)(H), (I), substituted “2004” for “2003” in heading and text.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1403(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 240, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section and repealing former section 157 of this title] shall not affect any funds apportioned or allocated before the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998].”

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(c)

(1) beer as defined in section 5052(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,

(2) wine of not less than one-half of 1 per centum of alcohol by volume, or

(3) distilled spirits as defined in section 5002(a)(8) of such Code.

(Added Pub. L. 98–363, §6(a), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 437; amended Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §4104, Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 114; Pub. L. 99–514, §2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 125.)

The date of the enactment of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 99–272, which was approved Apr. 7, 1986.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (c), is set out in Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(2)(A)(i)–(iii), redesignated par. (2) as (1), substituted “In general” for “After the first year” in heading and “104(b)(3), and 104(b)(4)” for “104(b)(2), 104(b)(5), and 104(b)(6)” in text, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows:

“(1)

Subsec. (a)(2), (3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(2)(A)(ii), (iv), redesignated par. (3) as (2) and substituted “paragraph (1)” for “paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection”. Former par. (2) redesignated (1).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(2)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (b) which related to period of availability for apportionment to State of funds withheld by the Secretary pending State enactment of federally-prescribed minimum drinking age.

**1986**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(d)(1), added subsection heading.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(d)(2)–(4), added paragraph heading, aligned margins, and inserted “first” before “fiscal year beginning”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(a), (d)(3), (5), added paragraph heading, realigned margins, and substituted “each fiscal year after” for “the fiscal year succeeding”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(c), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “The Secretary shall promptly apportion to a State any funds which have been withheld from apportionment under subsection (a) of this section in fiscal year if in any succeeding fiscal year such State makes unlawful the purchase or public possession of any alcoholic beverage by a person who is less than twenty-one years of age.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–272, §4104(d)(6), added subsection heading.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) the State has enacted and is enforcing a law that requires in all circumstances, or requires in the absence of compelling circumstances warranting an exception—

(i) the revocation, or suspension for at least 6 months, of the driver's license of any individual who is convicted, after the enactment of such law, of—

(I) any violation of the Controlled Substances Act, or

(II) any drug offense; and

(ii) a delay in the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license to such an individual for at least 6 months after the individual applies for the issuance or reinstatement of a driver's license if the individual does not have a driver's license, or the driver's license of the individual is suspended, at the time the individual is so convicted; or

(B) the Governor of the State—

(i) submits to the Secretary no earlier than the adjournment sine die of the first regularly scheduled session of the State's legislature which begins after the effective date of this section a written certification stating that the Governor is opposed to the enactment or enforcement in the State of a law described in subparagraph (A), relating to the revocation, suspension, issuance, or reinstatement of drivers’ licenses to convicted drug offenders; and

(ii) submits to the Secretary a written certification that the legislature (including both Houses where applicable) has adopted a resolution expressing its opposition to a law described in clause (i).

(b)

(1)

(A)

(i) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

(ii) If such funds would have been apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the second fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

(iii) If such funds would have been apportioned under paragraph (1), (3), or (5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) of section 104(b) but for this section, such funds shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year following the fiscal year for which such funds are authorized to be appropriated.

(B)

(2)

(3)

(A) Funds which would have been originally apportioned under section 104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) shall remain available until the end of the fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are apportioned under paragraph (2).

(B) Funds which would have been originally apportioned under paragraph (1), (3), or (5)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) of section 104(b) shall remain available until the end of the third fiscal year succeeding the fiscal year in which such funds are so apportioned.

Sums not obligated at the end of such period shall lapse or, in the case of funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century), shall lapse and be made available by the Secretary for projects in accordance with section 118(b).

(4)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) the possession, distribution, manufacture, cultivation, sale, transfer, or the attempt or conspiracy to possess, distribute, manufacture, cultivate, sell, or transfer any substance the possession of which is prohibited under the Controlled Substances Act; or

(B) the operation of a motor vehicle under the influence of such a substance.

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 102–143, title III, §333(a), Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 944; amended Pub. L. 102–388, title III, §327(a), Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1547; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(3)(E), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126.)

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsecs. (a)(1), (2) and (b)(1)(A), (3), (4), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

The effective date of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2), (3)(B)(i), is Nov. 5, 1990. See section 333(e) of Pub. L. 102–143, set out as a note below.

The Controlled Substances Act, referred to in subsecs. (a)(3)(A)(i)(I) and (c)(2)(A), is title II of Pub. L. 91–513, Oct. 27, 1970, 84 Stat. 1242, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter I (§801 et seq.) of chapter 13 of Title 21, Food and Drugs. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 801 of Title 21 and Tables.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(i), substituted “(5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) of” for “(5) of” before “section 104(b)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(I), substituted “section 104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “section 104(b)(5)(A)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(II), substituted “section 104(b)(5)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “section 104(b)(5)(B)”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(i), substituted “(5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century) of” for “(5) of” before “section 104(b)”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(IV), substituted “section 104(b)(5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “section 104(b)(5)” in concluding provisions.

Subsec. (b)(3)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(I), substituted “section 104(b)(5)(A) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “section 104(b)(5)(A)”.

Subsec. (b)(3)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(III), substituted “(5)(B) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “(5)(B)”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1103(*l*)(3)(E)(ii)(IV), substituted “section 104(b)(5) (as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century)” for “section 104(b)(5)”.

**1992**—Pub. L. 102–388 amended section generally, substituting “Beginning in fiscal year 1994” for “After second calendar year” as subsec. (a)(1) heading, “paragraphs (1), (3), and (5)” for “paragraphs (1), (2), (5), and (6)” in subsec. (a)(1) and (2), “Beginning in fiscal year 1996” for “After fourth calendar year” as subsec. (a)(2) heading, “paragraph (1), (3), or (5)” for “paragraph (1), (2), or (6)” in subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), and “paragraph (1), (3), or (5)(B)” for “paragraph (1), (2), (5)(B), or (6)” in subsec. (b)(3)(B).

Section 327(b) of Pub. L. 102–388 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect November 5, 1990.”

Section 333(e) of Pub. L. 102–143 provided that: “The amendments made by subsection (a) of this section [enacting this section] shall take effect November 5, 1990.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1094, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2025, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

(a)

(b)

(c)

States | Original cost in millions | Reimbursement percentage | Reimbursable amount in millions |
---|---|---|---|

Alabama | $9 | 0.50 | $147 |

Alaska | 0.50 | 147 | |

Arizona | 20 | 0.50 | 147 |

Arkansas | 6 | 0.50 | 147 |

California | 298 | 5.42 | 1,591 |

Colorado | 23 | 0.50 | 147 |

Connecticut | 314 | 5.71 | 1,676 |

Delaware | 39 | 0.71 | 209 |

Florida | 31 | 0.56 | 164 |

Georgia | 46 | 0.84 | 246 |

Hawaii | 0.50 | 147 | |

Idaho | 5 | 0.50 | 147 |

Illinois | 475 | 8.62 | 2,533 |

Indiana | 167 | 3.03 | 892 |

Iowa | 5 | 0.50 | 147 |

Kansas | 101 | 1.84 | 540 |

Kentucky | 32 | 0.57 | 169 |

Louisiana | 22 | 0.50 | 147 |

Maine | 38 | 0.69 | 204 |

Maryland | 154 | 2.79 | 820 |

Massachusetts | 283 | 5.14 | 1,511 |

Michigan | 228 | 4.14 | 1,218 |

Minnesota | 16 | 0.50 | 147 |

Mississippi | 6 | 0.50 | 147 |

Missouri | 74 | 1.35 | 396 |

Montana | 5 | 0.50 | 147 |

Nebraska | 1 | 0.50 | 147 |

Nevada | 2 | 0.50 | 147 |

New Hampshire | 8 | 0.50 | 147 |

New Jersey | 353 | 6.41 | 1,882 |

New Mexico | 8 | 0.50 | 147 |

New York | 929 | 16.88 | 4,960 |

North Carolina | 36 | 0.65 | 191 |

North Dakota | 3 | 0.50 | 147 |

Ohio | 257 | 4.68 | 1,374 |

Oklahoma | 91 | 1.66 | 486 |

Oregon | 78 | 1.42 | 417 |

Pennsylvania | 354 | 6.43 | 1,888 |

Rhode Island | 12 | 0.50 | 147 |

South Carolina | 4 | 0.50 | 147 |

South Dakota | 5 | 0.50 | 147 |

Tennessee | 7 | 0.50 | 147 |

Texas | 200 | 3.64 | 1,069 |

Utah | 6 | 0.50 | 147 |

Vermont | 1 | 0.50 | 147 |

Virginia | 111 | 2.01 | 591 |

Washington | 73 | 1.32 | 389 |

West Virginia | 5 | 0.50 | 147 |

Wisconsin | 8 | 0.50 | 147 |

Wyoming | 9 | 0.50 | 147 |

D.C. | 9 | 0.50 | 147 |

TOTALS | $4,967 | 100.00 | $29,384 |


(d)

(e)

(1) Subsection (d)(1).1

(2) Subsection (d)(2).

(3) Subsection (d)(3).

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1014(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1941.)

Subsection (d)(1) of section 133 of this title, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1113(b)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1172.

Section effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 104 of this title.

1 See References in Text note below.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(Added Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §320(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 589; amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1103(*l*)(3)(F), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 126.)

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b)” for “paragraphs (1), (3), and (5)(B) of section 104(b)”.

(a)

(1)

(A) National Scenic Byways;

(B) All-American Roads; or

(C) America's Byways.

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i) jurisdiction over the road; or

(ii) responsibility for managing the road.

(C)

(4)

(A) are within the jurisdictional boundary of the State, Federal land management agency, or Indian tribe; or

(B) directly connect to roads for which the State, Federal land management agency, or Indian tribe is responsible.

(b)

(1)

(A) implement projects on highways designated as—

(i) National Scenic Byways;

(ii) All-American Roads;

(iii) America's Byways;

(iv) State scenic byways; or

(v) Indian tribe scenic byways; and

(B) plan, design, and develop a State or Indian tribe scenic byway program.

(2)

(A) each eligible project that is associated with a highway that has been designated as a National Scenic Byway, All-American Road, or 1 of America's Byways and that is consistent with the corridor management plan for the byway;

(B) each eligible project along a State or Indian tribe scenic byway that is consistent with the corridor management plan for the byway, or is intended to foster the development of such a plan, and is carried out to make the byway eligible for designation as—

(i) a National Scenic Byway;

(ii) an All-American Road; or

(iii) 1 of America's Byways; and

(C) each eligible project that is associated with the development of a State or Indian tribe scenic byway program.

(c)

(1) An activity related to the planning, design, or development of a State or Indian tribe scenic byway program.

(2) Development and implementation of a corridor management plan to maintain the scenic, historical, recreational, cultural, natural, and archaeological characteristics of a byway corridor while providing for accommodation of increased tourism and development of related amenities.

(3) Safety improvements to a State scenic byway, Indian tribe scenic byway, National Scenic Byway, All-American Road, or one of America's Byways to the extent that the improvements are necessary to accommodate increased traffic and changes in the types of vehicles using the highway as a result of the designation as a State scenic byway, Indian tribe scenic byway, National Scenic Byway, All-American Road, or one of America's Byways.

(4) Construction along a scenic byway of a facility for pedestrians and bicyclists, rest area, turnout, highway shoulder improvement, overlook, or interpretive facility.

(5) An improvement to a scenic byway that will enhance access to an area for the purpose of recreation, including water-related recreation.

(6) Protection of scenic, historical, recreational, cultural, natural, and archaeological resources in an area adjacent to a scenic byway.

(7) Development and provision of tourist information to the public, including interpretive information about a scenic byway.

(8) Development and implementation of a scenic byway marketing program.

(d)

(e)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1219(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 219; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1802, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1456; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(*o*), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(*o*)(1), substituted “a National Scenic Byway, an All-American Road, or one of America's Byways under paragraph (1)” for “a National Scenic Byway under subparagraph (A)” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 110–244, §101(*o*)(2), substituted “All-American Road, or one of America's Byways” for “or All-American Road” in two places.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(a)(1), substituted “the roads as—” and subpars. (A) to (C) for “the roads as National Scenic Byways or All-American Roads.”

Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(a)(2), added pars. (3) and (4) and struck out heading and text of former par. (3). Text read as follows: “To be considered for the designation, a road must be nominated by a State or a Federal land management agency and must first be designated as a State scenic byway or, in the case of a road on Federal land, as a Federal land management agency byway.”

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(1), inserted “and Indian tribes” after “States” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(2), substituted “designated as—” and cls. (i) to (v) for “designated as National Scenic Byways or All-American Roads, or as State scenic byways; and”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(3), inserted “or Indian tribe” after “State”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(4), substituted “Byway, All-American Road, or 1 of America's Byways” for “Byway or All-American Road”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(5), substituted “State or Indian tribe” for “State-designated” and “designation as—” and cls. (i) to (iii) for “designation as a National Scenic Byway or All-American Road; and”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(b)(6), inserted “or Indian tribe” after “State”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(c)(1), inserted “or Indian tribe” after “State”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(c)(2), inserted “Indian tribe scenic byway,” after “improvements to a State scenic byway,” and “designation as a State scenic byway,”.

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(c)(3), struck out “passing lane,” before “overlook,”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1802(d), inserted “or Indian tribe” after “State”.

(a)

(b)

(1) the amount authorized to carry out this section for the fiscal year; by

(2) the ratio that the amount of funds apportioned to each such State under section 402 for such fiscal year bears to the total amount of funds apportioned to all such States under section 402 for such fiscal year.

(c)

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) For fiscal year 2004, 2 percent.

(B) For fiscal year 2005, 4 percent.

(C) For fiscal year 2006, 6 percent.

(D) For fiscal year 2007, and each fiscal year thereafter, 8 percent.

(3)

(f)

(1) 1

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1404(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 240; amended Pub. L. 108–88, §6(a)(2), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 108–202, §6(b), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 483; Pub. L. 108–224, §5(b), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 108–263, §5(b), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 108–280, §5(b), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 881; Pub. L. 108–310, §6(a)(2), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 109–14, §5(a)(2), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 109–20, §5(a)(2), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 109–35, §5(a)(2), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 109–37, §5(a)(2), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 109–40, §5(a)(2), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1407(a), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1231.)

**2005**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1407(a)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “$91,315,068 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005” for “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” for “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” for “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” for “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” for “$73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §1407(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1407(b), substituted “2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005” for “2004, and”.

**2004**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–310 struck out “and” after “2003,” and inserted “, and $73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” before period at end.

Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004” for “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” for “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” for “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” for “$50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.

**2003**—Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–88 struck out “and” after “2002,” and inserted before period at end “, and $50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.

Pub. L. 106–346, §101(a) [title III, §351], Oct. 23, 2000, 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–34, directed the Secretary to withhold a percentage, beginning in fiscal year 2004, of the amount required to be apportioned for Federal-aid highways to any State under pars. (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) of this title, if a State had not enacted and was not enforcing a provision described in section 163(a) of this title, and provided for increase of the apportionment by an amount equal to such reduction if within 4 years from the date of the reduction the Secretary determined that such State had enacted and was enforcing a provision described in section 163(a) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1407(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1231.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) receive—

(i) a driver's license suspension for not less than 1 year; or

(ii) a combination of suspension of all driving privileges for the first 45 days of the suspension period followed by a reinstatement of limited driving privileges for the purpose of getting to and from work, school, or an alcohol treatment program if an ignition interlock device is installed on each of the motor vehicles owned or operated, or both, by the individual;

(B) be subject to the impoundment or immobilization of, or the installation of an ignition interlock system on, each motor vehicle owned or operated, or both, by the individual;

(C) receive an assessment of the individual's degree of abuse of alcohol and treatment as appropriate; and

(D) receive—

(i) in the case of the second offense—

(I) an assignment of not less than 30 days of community service; or

(II) not less than 5 days of imprisonment; and

(ii) in the case of the third or subsequent offense—

(I) an assignment of not less than 60 days of community service; or

(II) not less than 10 days of imprisonment.

(b)

(1)

(A) to be used for alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures; or

(B) to be directed to State and local law enforcement agencies for enforcement of laws prohibiting driving while intoxicated or driving under the influence and other related laws (including regulations), including the purchase of equipment, the training of officers, and the use of additional personnel for specific alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, dedicated to enforcement of the laws (including regulations).

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(1).

(B) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(3).

(C) The apportionment of the State under section 104(b)(4).

(6)

(A)

(B)

(i) the amount of funds transferred under subparagraph (A) to the apportionment of the State under section 402 for the fiscal year, by

(ii) the ratio that—

(I) the amount of obligation authority distributed for the fiscal year to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs, bears to

(II) the total of the sums apportioned to the State for Federal-aid highways and highway safety construction programs (excluding sums not subject to any obligation limitation) for the fiscal year.

(7)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1406(a), as added Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9005(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 845; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(a)(3)(C), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1225; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §115, June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1606.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(5)(A), (B). Pub. L. 110–244 added subpars. (A) and (B) and struck out former subpars. (A) and (B) which read as follows:

“(A) receive a driver's license suspension for not less than 1 year;

“(B) be subject to the impoundment or immobilization of each of the individual's motor vehicles or the installation of an ignition interlock system on each of the motor vehicles;”.

**2005**—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “148” for “152”.

Section effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(A) the aggregate of the amounts for the fiscal year; by

(B) the ratio that—

(i) the amount of funds apportioned to Puerto Rico for each such program for fiscal year 1997; bears to

(ii) the total amount of funds apportioned to Puerto Rico for all such programs for fiscal year 1997.

(2)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1120(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1191.)

Section 1101(a)(14) of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (b), is section 1101(a)(14) of Pub. L. 109–59, title I, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1155, which is not classified to the Code.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(3)

(A) establishes requirements for clearly identifying the vehicles; and

(B) establishes procedures for enforcing the restrictions on the use of the facility by the vehicles.

(4)

(A) establishes a program that addresses how motorists can enroll and participate in the toll program;

(B) develops, manages, and maintains a system that will automatically collect the toll; and

(C) establishes policies and procedures to—

(i) manage the demand to use the facility by varying the toll amount that is charged; and

(ii) enforce violations of use of the facility.

(5)

(A)

(B)

(i) establishes a program that addresses the selection of vehicles under this paragraph; and

(ii) establishes procedures for enforcing the restrictions on the use of the facility by the vehicles.

(C)

(c)

(1)

(2) HOV

(3)

(d) HOV

(1)

(A) Establishing, managing, and supporting a performance monitoring, evaluation, and reporting program for the facility that provides for continuous monitoring, assessment, and reporting on the impacts that the vehicles may have on the operation of the facility and adjacent highways.

(B) Establishing, managing, and supporting an enforcement program that ensures that the facility is being operated in accordance with the requirements of this section.

(C) Limiting or discontinuing the use of the facility by the vehicles if the presence of the vehicles has degraded the operation of the facility.

(2)

(A)

(i) 45 miles per hour, in the case of a HOV facility with a speed limit of 50 miles per hour or greater; and

(ii) not more than 10 miles per hour below the speed limit, in the case of a HOV facility with a speed limit of less than 50 miles per hour.

(B)

(C)

(e)

(1) issue a final rule establishing requirements for certification of vehicles as low emission and energy-efficient vehicles for purposes of this section and requirements for the labeling of the vehicles; and

(2) establish guidelines and procedures for making the vehicle comparisons and performance calculations described in subsection (f)(3)(B), in accordance with section 32908(b) of title 49.

(f)

(1)

(A) methanol, denatured ethanol, or other alcohols;

(B) a mixture containing at least 85 percent of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols by volume with gasoline or other fuels;

(C) natural gas;

(D) liquefied petroleum gas;

(E) hydrogen;

(F) coal derived liquid fuels;

(G) fuels (except alcohol) derived from biological materials;

(H) electricity (including electricity from solar energy); or

(I) any other fuel that the Secretary prescribes by regulation that is not substantially petroleum and that would yield substantial energy security and environmental benefits, including fuels regulated under section 490 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).

(2) HOV

(3)

(A) has been certified by the Administrator as meeting the Tier II emission level established in regulations prescribed by the Administrator under section 202(i) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7521(i)) for that make and model year vehicle; and

(B)(i) is certified by the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, in consultation with the manufacturer, to have achieved not less than a 50-percent increase in city fuel economy or not less than a 25-percent increase in combined city-highway fuel economy (or such greater percentage of city or city-highway fuel economy as may be determined by a State under subsection (d)(2)(C)) relative to a comparable vehicle that is an internal combustion gasoline fueled vehicle (other than a vehicle that has propulsion energy from onboard hybrid sources); or

(ii) is an alternative fuel vehicle.

(4)

(A) provides designated public transportation (as defined in section 221 of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12141) or provides public school transportation (to and from public or private primary, secondary, or tertiary schools); and

(B)(i) is owned or operated by a public entity;

(ii) is operated under a contract with a public entity; or

(iii) is operated pursuant to a license by the Secretary or a State agency to provide motorbus or school vehicle transportation services to the public.

(5)

(A)

(B)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1121(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1192; amended Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(p), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (e), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2008**—Subsec. (b)(5)(C). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted “paragraph (4)” for “paragraph (3)”.

Subchapter II heading “INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE” was struck out and sections 181 to 190, which comprised subchapter II of this chapter, were renumbered sections 601 to 610, respectively, and transferred to follow the analysis of chapter 6 of this title, by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(b)(6)(B), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(f), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574.



**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1118(b)(3), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1181, substituted “Territorial highway program” for “Territories highway development program” in item 215.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1112(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 151, substituted “Recreational trails program” for “Repealed” in item 206.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(e)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173, struck out items 211 “Timber access road hearings”, 213 “Rama Road”, and 219 “Safer of off-system roads”.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(e)(1), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115, substituted “Allocations” for “Apportionment for allocation” in item 202.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(e)(2), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115, substituted “Federal lands highways programs” for “Forest highways” in item 204.

Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(e)(3), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2116, substituted “Repealed” in items 206 through 209 which read “Park roads and trails”, “Parkways”, “Indian reservation roads”, “Public lands highways”, respectively.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §135(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 442, substituted item 219 “Safer of off-system roads” for “Off-system roads”.

**1975**—Pub. L. 93–643, §122(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290, added item 219.

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§124(b), 127(a)(2), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 262, 264, added items 217 and 218.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§112(b), 113(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1721, 1722, added items 215 and 216.

**1962**—Pub. L. 87–866, §6(c), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147, added item 214.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

The provision of this title shall apply to all unappropriated authorizations contained in prior Acts, and also to all unexpended appropriations heretofore made, providing for the expenditure of Federal funds on the following classes of highways: Forest highways, forest development roads and trails, park road, parkways, Indian reservation roads, refuge roads, public lands highways, and defense access roads. All such authorizations and appropriations shall continue in full force and effect, but hereafter obligations entered into and expenditures made pursuant thereto shall be subject to the provisions of this title.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(f), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2116; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1115(e)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 158.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 inserted “refuge roads,” after “Indian reservation roads,”.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424 substituted “park road” for “park roads and trails” after “forest development roads and trails,”.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(b)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) renewable resource and land use planning; and

(ii) assessments of the impact of that planning on transportation facilities.

(c) On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate the sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for park roads and parkways each according to the relative needs of the various elements of the national park system, taking into consideration the need for access as identified through land use planning and the impact of such planning on existing transportation facilities.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i) apply the procedures under subchapter III of chapter 5 of title 5 in a manner that reflects the unique government-to-government relationship between the Indian tribes and the United States; and

(ii) ensure that the membership of the committee includes only representatives of the Federal Government and of geographically diverse small, medium, and large Indian tribes.

(D)

(i) the relative needs of the Indian tribes, and reservation or tribal communities, for transportation assistance; and

(ii) the relative administrative capacities of, and challenges faced by, various Indian tribes, including the cost of road construction in each Bureau of Indian Affairs area, geographic isolation and difficulty in maintaining all-weather access to employment, commerce, health, safety, and educational resources.

(E)

(i)

(ii)

(F)

(i)

(ii) 1 if the Indian tribal government—

(I) provides assurances in the contract or agreement that the construction will meet or exceed applicable health and safety standards;

(II) obtains the advance review of the plans and specifications from a State-licensed civil engineer that has certified that the plans and specifications meet or exceed the applicable health and safety standards; and

(III) provides a copy of the certification under subclause (I) to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Tribal Government Affairs or the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs, as appropriate.

(G)

(i)

(ii)

(I) were included in the Bureau of Indian Affairs system inventory for funding formula purposes in 1992 or any subsequent fiscal year;

(II) were constructed or reconstructed with funds from the Highway Trust Funds (other than the Mass Transit Account) under the Indian reservation roads program since 1983;

(III) are owned by an Indian tribal government; or

(IV) are community streets or bridges within the exterior boundary of Indian reservations, Alaska Native villages, and other recognized Indian communities (including communities in former Indian reservations in Oklahoma) in which the majority of residents are American Indians or Alaska Natives; or

(V) are primary access routes proposed by tribal governments, including roads between villages, roads to landfills, roads to drinking water sources, roads to natural resources identified for economic development, and roads that provide access to intermodal termini, such as airports, harbors, or boat landings.

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(i) have an opening of 20 feet or more;

(ii) be on an Indian reservation road;

(iii) be structurally deficient or functionally obsolete; and

(iv) be recorded in the national bridge inventory administered by the Secretary under subsection (b).

(D)

(i)

(ii)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

(E)

(F)

(i)

(ii)

(G) 1

(H) 1

(I) 1 the Indian tribe shall have the right to pursue all alternative dispute resolutions and appeal procedures authorized by such Act, including regulations issued to carry out such Act.

(J)

(e)

(1) the comprehensive conservation plan for each refuge;

(2) the need for access as identified through land use planning; and

(3) the impact of land use planning on existing transportation facilities.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §133, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2113; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1032(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1974; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1115(b), (e)(2), (f)(2), 1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 154, 158, 193; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9002(i), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 836; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1119(c)–(g), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1182–1185.)

Section 134 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, referred to in subsec. (b)(2)(A), is section 134 of Pub. L. 100–17, which is set out below.

The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(F)(ii), is Pub. L. 105–178, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 105–178, set out as a Short Title of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title and Tables.

The SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(F)(ii), (G)(i), is Pub. L. 109–59, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1144, also known as the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 2005 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(F)(ii), (3)(A), (5)(A), (G)–(I), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of Title 25 and Tables.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(c)(1), inserted subsec. heading, substituted par. (1) for “On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate the sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for forest development roads and trails according to the relative needs of the various national forests.”, inserted par. (2) designation and heading, and substituted “The allocation under paragraph (1)” for “Such allocation”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(d), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate 34 percent of the sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for public lands highways among those States having unappropriated or unreserved public lands, nontaxable Indian lands or other Federal reservations, on the basis of need in such States, respectively, as determined by the Secretary upon application of the State transportation departments of the respective States. The Secretary shall give preference to those projects which are significantly impacted by Federal land and resource management activities which are proposed by a State which contains at least 3 percent of the total public lands in the Nation. The Secretary shall allocate 66 percent of the remainder of the authorization for public lands highways for each fiscal year as is provided in section 134 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, and with respect to these allocations the Secretary shall give equal consideration to projects that provide access to and within the National Forest System, as identified by the Secretary of Agriculture through renewable resources and land use planning and the impact of such planning on existing transportation facilities.”

Subsec. (d)(2)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(c)(2)(A), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (d)(2)(F). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(e), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (d)(2)(G). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(f), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(c)(2)(B), substituted “under this chapter and section 125(e)” for “under this title”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(g)(1), substituted “Funding” for “Reservation” in heading, designated existing provisions as cl. (i), inserted heading, substituted “In addition to any other funds made available for Indian reservation roads for each fiscal year, there is authorized to be appropriated from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) $14,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009 to carry out planning, design, engineering, preconstruction, construction, and inspection of projects to replace,” for “Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated for Indian reservation roads for each fiscal year, the Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior, shall reserve not less than $13,000,000 for projects to replace,”, and added cl. (ii).

Subsec. (d)(4)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(g)(2), added cl. (iii) and struck out former cl. (iii) which read as follows: “be unsafe because of structural deficiencies, physical deterioration, or functional obsolescence; and”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(D). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(g)(3), added subpar. (D) and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (D). Text read as follows: “Funds to carry out Indian reservation road bridge projects under this subsection shall be made available only on approval of plans, specifications, and estimates by the Secretary.”

Subsec. (d)(5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(g)(4), added par. (5).

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(b), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading, realigned margins, inserted “ending before October 1, 1999” after “each fiscal year”, and added pars. (2) to (4).

Subsec. (d)(4)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(f)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9002(i), substituted “, sodium acetate/formate, or other environmentally acceptable, minimally corrosive anti-icing and de-icing compositions” for “to, apply sodium acetate/formate de-icer to,”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(e)(2), added subsec. (e).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(a)(1), (2), redesignated subsec. (b) as (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “On October 1 of each fiscal year, the Secretary shall allocate the sums authorized to be appropriated for such fiscal year for forest highways according to the relative needs of the various elements of the national forest system as determined by the Secretary, taking into consideration the need for access as identified by the Secretary of Agriculture through renewable resource and land use planning, and the impact of such planning on existing transportation facilities.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(a)(2)–(4), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b), inserted “34 percent of” after “allocate”, and substituted for period at end “which are proposed by a State which contains at least 3 percent of the total public lands in the Nation. The Secretary shall allocate 66 percent of the remainder of the authorization for public lands highways for each fiscal year as is provided in section 134 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1987, and with respect to these allocations the Secretary shall give equal consideration to projects that provide access to and within the National Forest System, as identified by the Secretary of Agriculture through renewable resources and land use planning and the impact of such planning on existing transportation facilities.” Former subsec. (b) redesignated (a).

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(a)(2), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively. Former subsec. (c) redesignated (b).

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424 substituted provisions relating to allocation of sums authorized to be appropriated by the Secretary for provisions relating to apportionment of sums authorized to be appropriated by the Secretary.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424 substituted provisions requiring allocation of sums on October 1 of each fiscal year to be consistent with renewable resource and land use planning for provisions requiring allocation of sums to take into consideration existing transportation facilities, value of resources served, fire danger, and road and trail construction difficulties.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 inserted provisions requiring allocation of sums on October 1 of each fiscal year, and substituted provisions requiring preferences to be given to projects impacted by Federal land and resource management for provisions requiring preferences to be given to projects located on a Federal-aid system.

Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsecs. (d) and (e).

**1976**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted introductory “On October 1 of each fiscal year” for “On or before January 1 next preceding the commencement of each fiscal year”.

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1214(d), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 205, as amended by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1806, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1460, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) is within, adjacent to, or provides access to an Indian reservation described in paragraph (1);

“(ii) is used by a school bus to transport children to or from a school or Headstart program carried out under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.); and

“(iii) is maintained by the county in which the public road is located.

“(C)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(3)

“(A) any obligation of funds by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations; and

“(B) any funding provided by a State to a county for road maintenance programs in the county.

“(4)

“(5)

“(A)

“(B)

Section 1032(d) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, funds allocated for Indian reservation roads may be used for the purpose of funding road projects on roads of tribally controlled postsecondary vocational institutions.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1042, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1993, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study on funding needs for Indian reservation roads and to report to Congress on results of the study not later than one year after Dec. 18, 1991, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–362, title XV, §1501(c), Nov. 10, 1998, 112 Stat. 3294.

Section 1032(e) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “The Secretary shall undertake a study to determine if the method for allocating funds authorized for Federal lands highways is adequate to meet the relative transportation needs of the Federal lands served. The report shall be submitted within 2 years of the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991].”

Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §134, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173, as amended by Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §348(a)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–388, provided that: “Notwithstanding section 202(a) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary shall, after making the transfer provided by section 204(g) of such title, as soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act [Apr. 2, 1987] in fiscal year 1987 and on October 1 of each of fiscal years 1988, 1989, 1990, and 1991, allocate 66 percent of the remainder of the authorization for forest highways provided for such fiscal year by this Act [see Short Title of 1987 Amendment note set out under section 101 of this title] in the same percentage as the amounts allocated for expenditure in each State and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico from funds authorized for forest highways for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1958, adjusted (1) to eliminate the 0.003243547 percent for the State of Iowa to the State by deed executed May 26, 1964, and (2) to redistribute the percentage formerly apportioned to the State of Iowa to other participating States on a proportional basis. The remaining funds authorized to be appropriated for forest highways for such fiscal year shall be allocated pursuant to section 202(a) of such title.”

1 See References in Text note below.

Funds authorized for forest development roads and trails, public lands development roads and trails, park road, parkways, refuge roads, Indian reservation roads, and public lands highways shall be available for contract upon apportionment, or on October 1, of the fiscal year for which authorized if no apportionment is required. Any amount remaining unexpended for a period of three years after the close of the fiscal year for which authorized shall lapse. The Secretary of the Department charged with the administration of such funds is granted authority to incur obligations, approve projects, and enter into contracts under such authorizations and his action in doing so shall be deemed a contractual obligation of the United States for the payment of the cost thereof and such funds shall be deemed to have been expended when so obligated. Any funds heretofore or hereafter authorized for any fiscal year for forest development roads and trails, public lands development roads and trails, park road, parkways, refuge roads, Indian roads, and public lands highways shall be deemed to have been expended if a sum equal to the total of the sums authorized for such fiscal year and previous fiscal years since and including the fiscal year ending June 30, 1955, shall have been obligated. Any of such funds released by payment of final voucher or modification of project authorizations shall be credited to the balance of unobligated authorizations and be immediately available for expenditure. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the authorization by the Secretary of engineering and related work for a Federal lands highways program project, or the approval by the Secretary of plans, specifications, and estimates for construction of a Federal lands highways program project, shall be deemed to constitute a contractual obligation of the Federal Government to pay the Federal share of the cost of the project.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 906; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(b), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 87–866, §7, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §117(b), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(f), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2116; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1032(f), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1975; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1115(c), (e)(3), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 156, 158.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “for forest development roads and trails” for “for, forest development roads and trails” in two places, inserted “refuge roads,” after “parkways,” in two places, and inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the authorization by the Secretary of engineering and related work for a Federal lands highways program project, or the approval by the Secretary of plans, specifications, and estimates for construction of a Federal lands highways program project, shall be deemed to constitute a contractual obligation of the Federal Government to pay the Federal share of the cost of the project.”

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 struck out “forest highways” before “, forest development roads” in two places.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424 substituted “park road” for “park roads and trails” wherever appearing.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “or on October 1” for “or a date not earlier than one year preceding the beginning” in first sentence and “three years” for “two years” in second sentence.

**1962**—Pub. L. 87–866 inserted “public lands development roads and trails,” before “park roads and trails” in two places.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–657 substituted “Funds authorized” for “Funds now authorized” in first sentence.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) shall be developed in cooperation with States and metropolitan planning organizations; and

(B) shall be included in appropriate Federal lands highways program, State, and metropolitan plans and transportation improvement programs.

(5)

(6)

(b)

(1)

(A) transportation planning, research, and engineering and construction of, highways, roads, parkways, and transit facilities located on public lands, national parks, and Indian reservations; and

(B) operation and maintenance of transit facilities located on public lands, national parks, and Indian reservations.

(2)

(A) a State (including a political subdivision of a State); or

(B) an Indian tribe.

(3)

(A) Indian labor may be employed, in accordance with such rules and regulations as may be promulgated by the Secretary of the Interior, to carry out any construction or other activity described in paragraph (1); and

(B) funds made available to carry out this section may be used to pay bridge preconstruction costs (including planning, design, and engineering).

(4)

(5)

(6)

(c) Before approving as a project on an Indian reservation road any project eligible for funds apportioned under section 104 or section 144 of this title in a State, the Secretary must determine that the obligation of funds for such project is supplementary to and not in lieu of the obligation, for projects on Indian reservation roads, of a fair and equitable share of funds apportioned to such State under section 104 of this title. Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, of the amount of funds allocated for Indian reservation roads from the Highway Trust Fund, not more than 25 percent of the funds allocated to an Indian tribe may be expended for the purpose of maintenance, excluding road sealing which shall not be subject to any limitation. The Bureau of Indian Affairs shall continue to retain primary responsibility, including annual funding request responsibility, for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations. The Secretary shall ensure that funding made available under this subsection for maintenance of Indian reservation roads for each fiscal year is supplementary to and not in lieu of any obligation of funds by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations.

(d) Cooperation of States, counties, or other local subdivisions may be accepted in construction and improvement, and any funds received from a State, county, or local subdivision shall be credited to appropriations available for the class of Federal lands highways to which such funds were contributed.

(e) Construction of each project shall be performed by contract awarded by competitive bidding, unless the Secretary or the Secretary of the appropriate Federal land management agency shall affirmatively find that, under the circumstances relating to such project, some other method is in the public interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the provisions of section 23 of the “Buy Indian” Act of June 25, 1910 (36 Stat. 891), and the provisions of section 7(b) of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act (88 Stat. 2205) shall apply to all funds administered by the Secretary of the Interior which are appropriated for the construction and improvement of Indian reservation roads.

(f) All appropriations for the construction and improvement of each class of Federal lands highways shall be administered in conformity with regulations and agreements jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of the appropriate Federal land managing agency.

(g) The Secretary shall transfer to the Secretary of Agriculture from appropriations for forest highways such amounts as may be needed to cover necessary administrative expenses of the Forest Service in connection with forest highways.

(h)

(1) Transportation planning for tourism and recreational travel including the National Forest Scenic Byways Program, Bureau of Land Management Back Country Byways Program, National Trail System Program, and other similar Federal programs that benefit recreational development.

(2) Adjacent vehicular parking areas.

(3) Interpretive signage.

(4) Acquisition of necessary scenic easements and scenic or historic sites.

(5) Provision for pedestrians and bicycles.

(6) Construction and reconstruction of roadside rest areas including sanitary and water facilities.

(7) Other appropriate public road facilities such as visitor centers as determined by the Secretary.

(8) A project to build a replacement of the federally owned bridge over the Hoover Dam in the Lake Mead National Recreation Area between Nevada and Arizona.

(i)

(1)

(2)

(j)

(k)

(1)

(A) maintenance and improvements of refuge roads;

(B) maintenance and improvements of eligible projects described in paragraphs (2), (3), (5), and (6) of subsection (h) that are located in or adjacent to wildlife refuges;

(C) administrative costs associated with such maintenance and improvements;

(D) the non-Federal share of the cost of any project funded under this title or chapter 53 of title 49 that provides access to or within a wildlife refuge; and

(E) maintenance and improvement of recreational trails; except that expenditures on trails under this subparagraph shall not exceed 5 percent of available funds for each fiscal year.

(2)

(3)

(*l*)

(1)

(A) Indian reservation roads; and

(B) roads providing access to Indian reservation roads.

(2)

(A) shall be negotiated between the State and the Indian tribe; and

(B) shall not require the approval of the Secretary.

(3)

(A) the Indian tribes and States that have entered into agreements under paragraph (1);

(B) the number of miles of roads for which Indian tribes have assumed maintenance responsibilities; and

(C) the amount of funding transferred to Indian tribes for the fiscal year under agreements entered into under paragraph (1).

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(b), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2114; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(13), (14), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §§1030, 1032(b), title VI, §6004(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1970, 1974, 2169; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1115(d), (e)(4), title V, §5119(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 156, 158, 452; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1119(h)–(k), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1187–1189.)

Section 23 of the “Buy Indian” Act of June 25, 1910 (36 Stat. 861), referred to in subsec. (e), is classified to section 47 of Title 25, Indians.

The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (j), is Pub. L. 93–638, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2203, as amended, which is classified principally to subchapter II (§450 et seq.) of chapter 14 of Title 25, Indians. Section 7(b) of the Act is classified to section 450e(b) of Title 25. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 450 of Title 25 and Tables.

The National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966, referred to in subsec. (k)(3), consists of sections 4 and 5 of Pub. L. 89–699, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 927, as amended, and is classified to sections 668dd and 668ee of Title 16, Conservation. For further details, see Short Title note set out under section 668dd of Title 16.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(h)(1), inserted “refuge roads,” after “parkways,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(h)(2), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to use of funds available for public lands highways, park roads and parkways, and Indian reservation roads.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(i), substituted “Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, of the amount of funds allocated for Indian reservation roads from the Highway Trust Fund, not more than 25 percent of the funds allocated to an Indian tribe may be expended for the purpose of maintenance, excluding road sealing which shall not be subject to any limitation. The Bureau of Indian Affairs shall continue to retain primary responsibility, including annual funding request responsibility, for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations. The Secretary shall ensure that funding made available under this subsection for maintenance of Indian reservation roads for each fiscal year is supplementary to and not in lieu of any obligation of funds by the Bureau of Indian Affairs for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations.” for “Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, Indian reservation roads under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior shall be eligible to expend not more than 15 percent funds apportioned for Indian reservation roads from the Highway Trust Fund for the purpose of road sealing projects. The Bureau of Indian Affairs shall continue to retain responsibility, including annual funding request responsibility, for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations.”

Subsec. (k)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(j)(1)(A), substituted “(2), (3), (5),” for “(2), (5),”.

Subsec. (k)(1)(D), (E). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(j)(1)(B), (2), (3), added subpars. (D) and (E).

Subsec. (*l*). Pub. L. 109–59, §1119(k), added subsec. (*l*).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(d)(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “Recognizing the need for all Federal roads which are public roads to be treated under the same uniform policies as roads which are on the Federal-aid systems, there is established a coordinated Federal lands highways program which shall consist of the public lands highways, park roads, parkways, and Indian reservation roads as defined in section 101 of this title. The Secretary, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture, shall develop appropriate transportation planning procedures and safety, bridge, and pavement management systems for roads funded under the Federal Lands Highway Program. Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, no public lands highway project may be undertaken in any State pursuant to this section unless the State concurs in the selection and planning of the project.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §§1115(d)(2), 5119(a), substituted “Funds available for public lands highways, park roads and parkways, and Indian reservation roads shall be used by the Secretary and the Secretary of the appropriate Federal land management agency to pay for the cost of transportation planning, research, engineering, and construction of the highways, roads, and parkways, or of transit facilities within public lands, national parks, and Indian reservations. In connection with activities under the preceding sentence, the Secretary and the Secretary of the appropriate Federal land management agency may enter into construction contracts and other appropriate contracts with a State or civil subdivision of a State or Indian tribe.” for “Funds available for public lands highways shall be used by the Secretary to pay for the cost of planning, research, engineering and construction thereof. Funds available for park roads, parkways, and Indian reservation roads shall be used by the Secretary or the Secretary of the Interior to pay for the cost of construction and improvement thereof. In connection therewith, the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, as appropriate, may enter into construction contracts and such other contracts with a State or civil subdivision thereof or Indian tribe as deemed advisable.” and “section 504(b)” for “section 326”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(d)(3), substituted “Secretary of the appropriate Federal land management agency” for “Secretary of the Interior” in first sentence.

Subsec. (h)(8). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(d)(4), added par. (8).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(d)(5), added subsec. (i) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (i). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall transfer to the Secretary of the Interior from the appropriation for public land highways amounts as may be needed to cover necessary administrative costs of the Bureau of Land Management in connection with public lands highways.”

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(d)(6), substituted second sentence for former second sentence which read as follows: “The Indian tribal government, in cooperation with the Secretary of the Interior, and, as may be appropriate, with a State, local government, or metropolitan planning organization, shall develop a transportation improvement program, that includes all Indian reservation road projects proposed for funding.”

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 105–178, §1115(e)(4), added subsec. (k).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(b)(1), struck out “forest highways,” before “public lands highways” and inserted provisions requiring Secretary, in cooperation with Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture, to develop transportation planning procedures and safety, bridge, and pavement management systems for roads funded under Federal Lands Highway Program, and provisions prohibiting public lands highway projects from being undertaken in any State pursuant to this section unless State concurs in selection and planning of project.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §6004(c), inserted at end “The Secretary of Interior may reserve funds from the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ administrative funds associated with the Indian reservation roads program to finance the Indian technical centers authorized under section 326.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(b)(2)(B), (C), struck out “forest highways and” before “public lands highways” and inserted at end “Funds available for each class of Federal lands highways shall be available for any kind of transportation project eligible for assistance under this title that is within or adjacent to or provides access to the areas served by the particular class of Federal lands highways.”

Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(b)(2)(A), substituted “planning, research, engineering and construction thereof” for “construction and improvements thereof” and was executed by making the substitution for the first reference to “construction and improvement thereof” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §§1030, 1032(b)(3), substituted “eligible for funds apportioned under section 104 or section 144 of this title” for “on a Federal-aid system” and inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, Indian reservation roads under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior shall be eligible to expend not more than 15 percent funds apportioned for Indian reservation roads from the Highway Trust Fund for the purpose of road sealing projects. The Bureau of Indian Affairs shall continue to retain responsibility, including annual funding request responsibility, for road maintenance programs on Indian reservations.”

Subsecs. (h) to (j). Pub. L. 102–240, §1032(b)(4), added subsecs. (h) to (j) and struck out former subsec. (h) which read as follows: “Funds available for each class of Federal lands highways shall be available for adjacent vehicular parking areas and scenic easements.”

**1987**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(13), inserted “the Secretary or” after “used by” in second sentence.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 100–17, §133(b)(14), struck out “of 1975” after “Education Assistance Act”.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–424 substituted “Federal Lands Highways Program” for “Forest highways” in section catchline.

Subsecs. (a), (b). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (a), redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b), inserted reference to public lands highways, inserted “and improvement” after “construction”, inserted reference to reservations, Indian tribes, and the Secretary of the Interior, and inserted provision that funds available for park roads, parkways, and Indian reservation roads shall be used by the Secretary of the Interior to pay for the cost of construction and improvement thereof. Former subsec. (b) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (b) as (d) and substituted provision that cooperation may be accepted in construction and improvement, and that any funds received from a State, county, or local subdivision be credited to appropriations available for the class of Federal lands highways to which such funds were contributed, for provision that cooperation may be accepted but may not be required by the Secretary. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e) and substituted provisions relating to competitive bidding and preference for Indians for provisions that construction estimated to cost $5,000 or more per mile, exclusive of bridges, was to be advertised and let to contract, that if such estimated cost was less than $5,000 per mile or if, after proper advertising, no acceptable bid was received or the bids deemed excessive, the work might be done by the Secretary on his own account, and that for such purpose, the Secretary might purchase, lease, hire, rent, or otherwise obtain all necessary supplies, materials, tools, equipment, and facilities required to perform the work, and might pay wages, salaries, and other expenses for help employed in connection with such work. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f), inserted reference to each class of Federal lands highways and to agreements, and substituted reference to the Secretary of the appropriate Federal land management agency for reference to the Secretary of Agriculture. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (e) as (g) and substituted “forest highways” for “forest-highway program”.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (f) as (h), substituted reference to each class of Federal lands highways for reference to forest highways, and reference to scenic easements for reference to sanitary, water, and fire control facilities.

Amendment by sections 1030 and 1032 of Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

(a) Funds available for forest development roads and trails shall be used by the Secretary of Agriculture to pay for the costs of construction and maintenance thereof, including roads and trails on experimental and other areas under Forest Service administration. In connection therewith, the Secretary of Agriculture may enter into contracts with a State or civil subdivision thereof, and issue such regulations as he deems advisable.

(b) Cooperation of States, counties, or other local subdivisions may be accepted but shall not be required by the Secretary of Agriculture.

(c) Construction estimated to cost $50,000 or more per mile or $50,000 or more per project for projects with a length of less than one mile, exclusive of bridges and engineering, shall be advertised and let to contract. If such estimated cost is less than $50,000 per mile or $50,000 per project for projects with a length of less than one mile or if, after proper advertising, no acceptable bid is received or the bids are deemed excessive, the work may be done by the Secretary of Agriculture on his own account.

(d) Funds available for forest development roads and trails shall be available for adjacent vehicular parking areas and for sanitary, water, and fire control facilities.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(c), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 88–423, §4(d), Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 90–495, §9, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 820; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1032(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1975.)

**1991**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “$50,000” for “$15,000” wherever appearing.

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub L. 90–495 increased from $10,000 to $15,000 the cost limitation on construction per mile, or per project for projects of less than a mile, which the Forest Service may construct on its own account and struck out provisions spelling out the functions which the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized to perform in carrying out such construction.

**1964**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88–423 inserted “and other” after “experimental”.

**1960**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 86–657 substituted “may enter into contracts” for “may enter into construction contracts”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) pedestrian activities, including wheelchair use;

(B) skating or skateboarding;

(C) equestrian activities, including carriage driving;

(D) nonmotorized snow trail activities, including skiing;

(E) bicycling or use of other human-powered vehicles;

(F) aquatic or water activities; and

(G) motorized vehicular activities, including all-terrain vehicle riding, motorcycling, snowmobiling, use of off-road light trucks, or use of other off-road motorized vehicles.

(b)

(c)

(1) the Governor of the State shall designate the State agency or agencies that will be responsible for administering apportionments made to the State under this section; and

(2) the State shall establish a State recreational trail advisory committee that represents both motorized and nonmotorized recreational trail users, which shall meet not less often than once per fiscal year.

(d)

(1)

(A) have been planned and developed under the laws, policies, and administrative procedures of the State; and

(B) are identified in, or further a specific goal of, a recreational trail plan, or a statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan required by the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (16 U.S.C. 460*l*–4 et seq.), that is in effect.

(2)

(A) maintenance and restoration of existing recreational trails;

(B) development and rehabilitation of trailside and trailhead facilities and trail linkages for recreational trails;

(C) purchase and lease of recreational trail construction and maintenance equipment;

(D) construction of new recreational trails, except that, in the case of new recreational trails crossing Federal lands, construction of the trails shall be—

(i) permissible under other law;

(ii) necessary and recommended by a statewide comprehensive outdoor recreation plan that is required by the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (16 U.S.C. 460*l*–4 et seq.) and that is in effect;

(iii) approved by the administering agency of the State designated under subsection (c)(1); and

(iv) approved by each Federal agency having jurisdiction over the affected lands under such terms and conditions as the head of the Federal agency determines to be appropriate, except that the approval shall be contingent on compliance by the Federal agency with all applicable laws, including the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.), the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 (16 U.S.C. 1600 et seq.), and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.);

(E) acquisition of easements and fee simple title to property for recreational trails or recreational trail corridors;

(F) assessment of trail conditions for accessibility and maintenance;

(G) development and dissemination of publications and operation of educational programs to promote safety and environmental protection, (as those objectives relate to one or more of the use of recreational trails, supporting non-law enforcement trail safety and trail use monitoring patrol programs, and providing trail-related training), but in an amount not to exceed 5 percent of the apportionment made to the State for the fiscal year; and

(H) payment of costs to the State incurred in administering the program, but in an amount not to exceed 7 percent of the apportionment made to the State for the fiscal year.

(3)

(A)

(i) 40 percent shall be used for recreational trail or related projects that facilitate diverse recreational trail use within a recreational trail corridor, trailside, or trailhead, regardless of whether the project is for diverse motorized use, for diverse nonmotorized use, or to accommodate both motorized and nonmotorized recreational trail use;

(ii) 30 percent shall be used for uses relating to motorized recreation; and

(iii) 30 percent shall be used for uses relating to nonmotorized recreation.

(B)

(C)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) the share attributable to the Secretary of Transportation may not exceed the amount determined in accordance with section 120(b) for the cost of a project under this section; and

(B) the share attributable to the Secretary and the Federal agency sponsoring the project may not exceed 95 percent of the cost of a project under this section.

(3)

(A) expended in accordance with the requirements of the Federal program relating to activities funded and populations served; and

(B) expended on a project that is eligible for assistance under this section.

(4)

(A) expended in accordance with the requirements of the Federal program relating to activities funded and populations served; and

(B) expended on a project that is eligible for assistance under this section.

(5)

(g)

(1) condemnation of any kind of interest in property;

(2) construction of any recreational trail on National Forest System land for any motorized use unless—

(A) the land has been designated for uses other than wilderness by an approved forest land and resource management plan or has been released to uses other than wilderness by an Act of Congress; and

(B) the construction is otherwise consistent with the management direction in the approved forest land and resource management plan;

(3) construction of any recreational trail on Bureau of Land Management land for any motorized use unless the land—

(A) has been designated for uses other than wilderness by an approved Bureau of Land Management resource management plan or has been released to uses other than wilderness by an Act of Congress; and

(B) the construction is otherwise consistent with the management direction in the approved management plan; or

(4) upgrading, expanding, or otherwise facilitating motorized use or access to recreational trails predominantly used by nonmotorized recreational trail users and on which, as of May 1, 1991, motorized use was prohibited or had not occurred.

(h)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(2)

(3) *l*–8(f)(3)).

(4)

(A)

(B)

(i)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1112(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 146; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1109(b)–(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1168–1170; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(q), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1576.)

The Land and Water Conservation Fund Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(1)(B), (2)(D)(ii), is Pub. L. 88–578, Sept. 3, 1964, 78 Stat. 897, as amended, which is classified generally to part B (§460*l*–4 et seq.) of subchapter LXIX of chapter 1 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 460*l*–4 of Title 16 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(D)(iv), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(D)(iv), is Pub. L. 93–378, Aug. 17, 1974, 88 Stat. 476, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§1600 et seq.) of chapter 36 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1600 of Title 16 and Tables.

The Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(D)(iv), is Pub. L. 94–579, Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2743, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 35 (§1701 et seq.) of Title 43, Public Lands. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1701 of Title 43 and Tables.

A prior section 206, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908, provided for use of funds for construction and improvement of park roads and trails and for administration of such funds according to regulations jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(d), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115.

**2008**—Subsec. (d)(3)(A). Pub. L. 110–244 substituted “(B) and (C)” for “(B), (C), and (D)” in introductory provisions.

**2005**—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(b), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) consisted of subpars. (A) to (G) relating to permissible uses of funds apportioned to carry out this section.

Subsec. (d)(3)(C), (D). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(c), redesignated subpar. (D) as (C), substituted “(2)(H)” for “(2)(F)”, and struck out heading and text of former subpar. (C). Text read as follows: “A State recreational trail advisory committee established under subsection (c)(2) may waive, in whole or in part, the requirements of clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A) if the State recreational trail advisory committee determines and notifies the Secretary that the State does not have sufficient projects to meet the requirements of clauses (ii) and (iii) of subparagraph (A).”

Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(d)(1), inserted “and the Federal share of the administrative costs of a State” after “project” and substituted “be determined in accordance with section 120(b)” for “not exceed 80 percent”.

Subsec. (f)(2)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(d)(2), substituted “the amount determined in accordance with section 120(b) for the cost” for “80 percent of the cost”.

Subsec. (f)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(d)(3), inserted “sponsoring the project” after “Federal agency”.

Subsec. (f)(4), (5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(d)(4)–(7), added par. (4), redesignated former par. (4) as (5), substituted “the Federal share as determined in accordance with section 120(b)” for “80 percent”, and struck out heading and text of former par. (5). Text read as follows: “The Federal share of the administrative costs of a State under this subsection shall be determined in accordance with section 120(b).”

Subsec. (h)(1)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §1109(e), added subpar. (C).

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1109(f), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1170, provided that: “The Secretary [of Transportation] shall encourage the States to enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with qualified youth conservation or service corps to perform construction and maintenance of recreational trails under section 206 of title 23, United States Code.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior act:

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1112(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 151.

Section 207, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §150, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 275, provided for use of funds for construction and improvement of parkways, including acquisition of rights-of-way and related scenic easements, administration of such funds according to regulations jointly approved by the Secretary and the Secretary of the Interior, and that parkway projects on a Federal-aid system be subject to all requirements of this title and of any other law applicable to highways on such system.

Section 208, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 87–282, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 584; Pub. L. 93–643, §102(c), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2281, provided for use of funds for construction and improvement of Indian reservation roads and bridges, supervision of such projects by the Secretary, that such funds be only supplementary to funds apportioned under section 104 of this title, for use of Indian labor in such projects, and for cooperation with States and localities.

Section 209, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 88–423, §4(b), Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 397, provided for use of funds for construction and maintenance of public lands highways, cooperation with State agencies, the application of section 112 of this title to public lands highways, and for use of such funds for adjacent ancillary facilities and services.

(a)(1) The Secretary is authorized, out of the funds appropriated for defense access roads, to provide for the construction and maintenance of defense access roads (including bridges, tubes, and tunnels thereon) to military reservations, to defense industries and defense industry sites, and to the sources of raw materials when such roads are certified to the Secretary as important to the national defense by the Secretary of Defense or such other official as the President may designate, and for replacing existing highways and highway connections that are shut off from the general public use by necessary closures or restrictions at military reservations and defense industry sites.

(2) If it is determined that an action of the Department of Defense will cause a significant transportation impact to access to a military reservation, the Secretary of Defense shall conduct a transportation needs assessment to assess the magnitude of the improvement required to address the impact.

(b) Funds appropriated for the purposes of this section shall be available, without regard to apportionment among the several States, for paying all or any part of the cost of the construction and maintenance of defense access roads.

(c) Funds appropriated for defense maneuvers and exercises, may be used by the Secretary in areas certified to him by the Secretary of Defense as maneuver areas for such construction, maintenance, and repair work as may be necessary to keep the highways therein, which have been or may be used for training of the Armed Forces, in suitable condition for such training purposes and for repairing the damage caused to such highways by the operations of men and equipment in such training.

(d) Whenever any project for the construction of a circumferential highway around a city or of a radial intracity route thereto submitted by any State is certified by the Secretary of Defense, or such other official as the President may designate, as being important for civilian or military defense, such project may be constructed out of the funds heretofore or hereafter authorized to be appropriated for defense access roads.

(e) If the Secretary shall determine that the State transportation department of any State is unable to obtain possession and the right to enter upon and use the required rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands, improved or unimproved, required for any project authorized by this section with sufficient promptness, the Secretary is authorized to acquire, enter upon, take possession thereof, and expend funds for projects thereon, prior to approval of title by the Attorney General, in the name of the United States, such rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands as may be required in such State for such projects by purchase, donation, condemnation, or otherwise in accordance with the laws of the United States (including sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40). The cost incurred by the Secretary in acquiring any such rights-of-way, lands, or interest in lands may include the cost of examination and abstract of title, certificate of title, advertising, and any fees incidental to such acquisition; and shall be payable out of the funds available for paying the cost or the Federal share of the cost of the project for which such rights-of-way, lands, or interests in lands are acquired. The Secretary is further authorized and directed by proper deed executed in the name of the United States to convey any lands or interests in lands acquired in any State under the provisions of prior Acts or of this section to the State transportation department of such State or to such political subdivision thereof as its laws may provide, upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon by the Secretary and the State transportation department, or political subdivisions to which the conveyance is to be made.

(f) The provisions of section 112 of this title are applicable to defense access roads.

(g) If the Secretary shall determine that it is necessary for the expeditious completion of any defense access road project he may advance to any State out of funds appropriated for defense access roads transferred and available to the Department of Transportation the Federal share of the cost of construction thereof to enable the State transportation department to make prompt payments for acquisition of rights-of-way, and for the construction as it progresses. The sums so advanced shall be deposited in a special fund by the State official authorized by State law to receive such funds, to be disbursed solely upon vouchers approved by the State transportation department for rights-of-way which have been or are being acquired and for construction which has been actually performed under this section. Upon determination by the Secretary that funds advanced to any State under the provisions of this subsection are no longer required, the amount of the advance which is determined to be in excess of requirements for the project shall be repaid upon his demand, and such repayments shall be returned to the credit of the appropriation from which the funds were advanced.

(h) Funds appropriated for the purposes of this section shall be available to pay the cost of repairing damage caused to highways by the operation of vehicles and equipment in the construction of classified military installations and facilities for ballistic missiles if the Secretary shall determine that the State transportation department of any State is, or has been, unable to prevent such damage by restrictions upon the use of such highways without interference with, or delay in, the completion of a contract for the construction of such military reservations or installations. This subsection shall apply notwithstanding any provision of contract holding a party thereto responsible for such damage, if the Secretary of Defense or his designee shall determine, in fact, that construction estimates and the bid of such party did not include allowance for repairing such damage. This subsection shall apply to damage caused by construction work commenced prior to June 1, 1961, and still in progress on that date and construction work which is commenced or for which a contract is awarded on or after June 1, 1961.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 908; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(d), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 524; Pub. L. 87–61, title I, §105, June 29, 1961, 75 Stat. 123; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §155, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2134; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(15), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193; Pub. L. 109–284, §3(2), Sept. 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 1211; Pub. L. 110–417, div. B, title XXVIII, §2814(a), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4728.)

**2008**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–417 designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

**2006**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–284 substituted “sections 3114 to 3116 and 3118 of title 40” for “the Act of February 26, 1931; 46 Stat. 1421”.

**1998**—Subsecs. (e), (g), (h). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” wherever appearing.

**1987**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–17 substituted “Transportation” for “Commerce”.

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 substituted “Funds appropriated for defense maneuvers and exercises” for “Not exceeding $5,000,000 of any funds appropriated under the Act approved October 16, 1951 (65 Stat. 422)”.

**1961**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 87–61 added subsec. (h).

**1960**—Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 86–657 added subsec. (g).

Section, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 909, related to timber access road hearings.

(a) Funds appropriated for the Inter-American Highway shall be used to enable the United States to cooperate with the Governments of the American Republics situated in Central America—that is, with the Governments of the Republic of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama—in the survey and construction of the Inter-American Highway within the borders of the aforesaid Republics, respectively. Not to exceed one-third of the appropriation authorized for each fiscal year may be expended without requiring the country or countries in which such funds may be expended to match any part thereof, if the Secretary of State shall find that the cost of constructing said highway in such country or countries will be beyond their reasonable capacity to bear. The remainder of such authorized appropriations shall be available for expenditure only when matched to the extent required by this section by the country in which such expenditure may be made. Expenditures from the funds available on a matching basis shall not be made for the survey and construction of any portion of said highway within the borders of any country named herein unless such country shall provide and make available for expenditure in conjunction therewith a sum equal to at least one-third of the expenditures that may be incurred by that Government and the United States on such portion of the highway. All expenditures by the United States under the provisions of this section for material, equipment, and supplies shall, whenever practicable, be made for products of the United States or of the country in which such survey or construction work is being carried on. Construction work to be performed under contract shall be advertised for a reasonable period by the Minister of Public Works, or other similar official, of the government concerned in each of the participating countries and contracts shall be awarded pursuant to such advertisements with the approval of the Secretary. No part of the appropriations authorized shall be available for obligation or expenditure for work on said highway in any cooperating country unless the government of said country shall have assented to the provisions of this section; shall have furnished satisfactory assurances that it has an organization adequately qualified to administer the functions required of such country under the provisions hereof; and then only as such country may submit requests, from time to time, for the construction of any portion of the highway to standards adequate to meet present and future traffic needs. No part of said appropriations shall be available for obligation or expenditure in any such country until the government of that country shall have entered into an agreement with the United States which shall provide, in part, that said country—

(1) will provide, without participation of funds authorized, all necessary rights-of-way for the construction of said highway, which rights-of-way shall be of a minimum width where practicable of one hundred meters in rural areas and fifty meters in municipalities and shall forever be held inviolate as a part of the highway for public use;

(2) will not impose any highway toll, or permit any such toll to be charged, for use by vehicles or persons of any portion of said highway constructed under the provisions of this section;

(3) will not levy or assess, directly or indirectly, any fee, tax, or other charge for the use of said highway by vehicles or persons from the United States that does not apply equally to vehicles or persons of such country;

(4) will continue to grant reciprocal recognition of vehicle registration and drivers’ licenses in accordance with the provisions of the Convention for the Regulation of Inter-American Automotive Traffic, which was opened for signature at the Pan American Union in Washington on December 15, 1943, and to which such country and the United States are parties, or of any other treaty or international convention establishing similar reciprocal recognition; and

(5) will provide for the maintenance of said highway after its completion in condition adequately to serve the needs of present and future traffic.

(b) The survey and construction work authorized by this section shall be under the administration of the Secretary, who shall consult with the appropriate officials of the Department of State with respect to matters involving the foreign relations of this Government, and such negotiations with the Governments of the American Republics named in subsection (a) of this section as may be required to carry out the purposes of this section shall be conducted through, or as authorized by, the Department of State.

(c) The provisions of this section shall not create nor authorize the creation of any obligations on the part of the Government of the United States with respect to any expenditures for highway construction or survey heretofore or hereafter undertaken in any of the countries enumerated in subsection (a) of this section, other than the expenditures authorized by the provisions of this section.

(d) Appropriations made pursuant to any authorizations heretofore, or hereafter enacted for the Inter-American Highway shall be considered available for expenditure by the Secretary for necessary administrative and engineering expenses in connection with the Inter-American Highway program.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 909.)

Section, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 911, related to construction of Rama Road in Republic of Nicaragua.

(a) Funds available for public lands development roads and trails shall be used to pay the cost of construction and improvement of such roads and trails.

(b) Funds available for public lands development roads and trails shall be available for adjacent vehicular parking areas and for sanitary, water, and fire control facilities.

(Added Pub. L. 87–866, §6(b), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1147; amended Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126(d), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2115.)

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 struck out subsec. (c) which provided for prior approval by the Secretary of all projects for public lands development roads and trails and for general supervision by the Secretary of their construction.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) American Samoa.

(B) The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(C) Guam.

(D) The United States Virgin Islands.

(b)

(1)

(A) designated by the Governor or chief executive officer of each territory; and

(B) approved by the Secretary.

(2)

(c)

(1)

(A) engage in highway planning;

(B) conduct environmental evaluations;

(C) administer right-of-way acquisition and relocation assistance programs; and

(D) design, construct, operate, and maintain a system of arterial and collector highways, including necessary inter-island connectors.

(2)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1)

(A) implement the program in accordance with applicable provisions of chapter 1 and subsection (d);

(B) design and construct a system of arterial and collector highways, including necessary inter-island connectors, in accordance with standards that are—

(i) appropriate for each territory; and

(ii) approved by the Secretary;

(C) provide for the maintenance of facilities constructed or operated under this section in a condition to adequately serve the needs of present and future traffic; and

(D) implement standards for traffic operations and uniform traffic control devices that are approved by the Secretary.

(2)

(A) specify the kind of technical assistance to be provided under the program;

(B) include appropriate provisions regarding information sharing among the territories; and

(C) delineate the oversight role and responsibilities of the territories and the Secretary.

(3)

(4)

(A) the agreement shall continue in force until replaced by an agreement entered into in accordance with paragraph (1); and

(B) amounts made available for the program under the existing agreement shall be available for obligation or expenditure so long as the agreement, or the existing agreement entered into under paragraph (1), is in effect.

(f)

(1)

(A) Eligible surface transportation program projects described in section 133(b).

(B) Cost-effective, preventive maintenance consistent with section 116(d).

(C) Ferry boats, terminal facilities, and approaches, in accordance with subsections (b) and (c) of section 129.

(D) Engineering and economic surveys and investigations for the planning, and the financing, of future highway programs.

(E) Studies of the economy, safety, and convenience of highway use.

(F) The regulation and equitable taxation of highway use.

(G) Such research and development as are necessary in connection with the planning, design, and maintenance of the highway system.

(2)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1118(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1179.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), (4), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

A prior section 215, added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §112(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1720; amended Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §129(f), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2708; Pub. L. 96–106, §9, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(16), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172, related to territorial highway program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1118(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1179.

(a) The United States shall cooperate with the Government of the Republic of Panama and with the Government of Colombia in the construction of approximately two hundred and fifty miles of highway in such countries in the location known as the “Darien Gap” to connect the Inter-American Highway authorized by section 212 of this title with the Pan American Highway System of South America. Such highway shall be known as the “Darien Gap Highway”. Funds authorized by this section shall be obligated and expended subject to the same terms, conditions, and requirements with respect to the Darien Gap Highway as are funds authorized for the Inter-American Highway by subsection (a) of section 212 of this title.

(b) The construction authorized by this section shall be under the administration of the Secretary, who shall consult with the appropriate officials of the Department of State with respect to matters involving the foreign relations of this Government, and such negotiations with the Governments of the Republic of Panama and Colombia as may be required to carry out the purposes of this section shall be conducted through, or authorized by, the Department of State.

(c) The provisions of this section shall not create nor authorize the creation of any obligations on the part of the Government of the United States with respect to any expenditures for highway survey or construction heretofore or hereafter undertaken in Panama or Colombia, other than the expenditures authorized by the provision of this section.

(d) Appropriations made pursuant to any authorization for the Darien Gap Highway shall be available for expenditure by the Secretary for necessary administrative and engineering expenses in connection with the Darien Gap Highway program.

(e) For the purposes of this section the term “construction” does not include any costs of rights-of-way, relocation assistance, or the elimination of hazards of railway grade crossings.

(Added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §113(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1721.)

Section 113(c) of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that: “There is hereby authorized to be appropriated not to exceed $100,000,000, to remain available until expended to enable the Secretary of Transportation to carry out section 216 of title 23, United States Code.”

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(h)

(1) maintenance purposes;

(2) when snow conditions and State or local regulations permit, snowmobiles;

(3) motorized wheelchairs;

(4) when State or local regulations permit, electric bicycles; and

(5) such other circumstances as the Secretary deems appropriate.

(i)

(j)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §124(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 262; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §134, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §141(h), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2712; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §126A, formerly §126, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2116, renumbered §126A, Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(a)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §127, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 167; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1033, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1975; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §310(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 582; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1202(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 168; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1954, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1515.)

**2005**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59 struck out “in conjunction with such trails, roads, highways, and parkways” before period at end.

**1998**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(1), inserted “pedestrian walkways and” after “construction of” and struck out “(other than the Interstate System)” after “on the National Highway System”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(2), struck out “, other than a highway access to which is fully controlled,” after “located on a highway”.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(3), added subsec. (g) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (g). Text read as follows: “Pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities to be constructed under this section shall be located and designed pursuant to an overall plan to be developed by each metropolitan planning organization and State and incorporated into their comprehensive annual long-range plans in accordance with sections 134 and 135 of this title, respectively. Such plans shall provide due consideration for safety and contiguous routes.”

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(4), substituted “Motorized vehicles may not” for “No motorized vehicles shall” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (h)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(5), substituted “motorized wheelchairs;” for “when State and local regulations permit, motorized wheelchairs; and”.

Subsec. (h)(4), (5). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(6), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §1202(a)(7), added subsec. (j) and struck out heading and text of former subsec. (j). Text read as follows: “For purposes of this section, a ‘bicycle transportation facility’ means new or improved lanes, paths, or shoulders for use by bicyclists, traffic control devices, shelters, and parking facilities for bicycles.”

**1995**—Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–59 substituted “determined in accordance with section 120(b)” for “80 percent”.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “walkways” for “walkway” in section catchline and amended text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing States to construct pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes, paths, etc., as Federal-aid highway projects, relating to safe accommodation of bicycles on bridge with deck replaced or rehabilitated with Federal participation, prohibiting bicycle project under this section unless principally for transportation purposes, deeming walkway and bicycle projects as highway projects and setting Federal share at 100 per centum, allowing use of funds authorized for forest highways, forest development roads and trails, etc., for construction of walkways and bicycle routes, prohibiting use of motor vehicles on trails and walkways, and relating to obligation of funds.

**1987**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–17 inserted “and sums apportioned or allocated for highway substitute projects in accordance with section 103(e)(4) of this title” after “title” in second sentence.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424 designated as subsec. (a) that portion of former subsec. (a) relating to pedestrian walkways. Remainder of former subsec. (a) relating to bicycles was redesignated (b)(1).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated as par. (1) that portion of former subsec. (a) relating to bicycles and added pars. (2) and (3). Provisions of former subsec. (b) relating to pedestrian walkways and bicycles projects were redesignated (c) and (d), respectively.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated as subsec. (c) that portion of former subsec. (b) relating to pedestrian walkways. Provisions of former subsec. (c) relating to pedestrian walkways and to bicycle routes were redesignated (e) and (f), respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated as subsec. (d) that portion of former subsec. (b) relating to bicycle projects. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated as subsec. (e) that portion of former subsec. (c) relating to pedestrian walkways. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (h) and amended.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated as subsec. (f) that portion of former subsec. (c) relating to bicycle routes.

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (d) as (g).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–424 redesignated former subsec. (e) as (h), substituted reference to subsecs. (a), (b), (e), and (f) of this section for reference to former subsecs. (a) and (c), and substituted provision that no State shall obligate more than $4,500,000 for such projects in any fiscal year, except that the Secretary may, upon application, waive this limitation for a State for any fiscal year for provision that no State was to obligate more than $2,500,000 for such projects for any fiscal year.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599 inserted provision relating to energy conservation and struck out requirement that such construction be in conjunction with Federal-aid highways.

**1976**—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “$45,000,000” for “$40,000,000” and “$2,500,000” for “$2,000,000”.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1807, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1460, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §106, June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1602, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) Columbia, Missouri.

“(2) Marin County, California.

“(3) Minneapolis, Minnesota.

“(4) Sheboygan County, Wisconsin.

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(1)

“(2)

“(g)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1202(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 169, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

Pub. L. 95–619, title VI, §682, Nov. 9, 1978, 92 Stat. 3287, set forth findings respecting an energy conservation bicycle transportation program and required a study and report not more than one year after Nov. 9, 1978, by the Secretary of Transportation for bicycle use potential, etc.

Section 141(a)–(e), (i) of Pub. L. 95–599, related to establishment by Secretary of design and construction standards for bikeway construction projects and to grants to States for bikeway construction projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(e)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173.

Pub. L. 93–643, §119, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2288, authorized grants to States for demonstration projects for construction of bikeways, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(e)(2), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173.

(a) Recognizing the benefits that will accrue to the State of Alaska and to the United States from the reconstruction of the Alaska Highway from the Alaskan border to Haines Junction in Canada and the Haines Cutoff Highway from Haines Junction in Canada to Haines, the Secretary is authorized out of the funds appropriated for the purpose of this section to provide for necessary reconstruction of such highway. Such appropriations shall remain available until expended. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in addition to such funds, upon agreement with the State of Alaska, the Secretary is authorized to expend on such highway or the Alaska Marine Highway System any Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to the State of Alaska under this title at a Federal share of 100 per centum. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any obligation limitation enacted for fiscal year 1983 or for any other fiscal year thereafter, including any portion of any other fiscal year thereafter, shall not apply to projects authorized by the preceding sentence. No expenditures shall be made for the construction of the portion of such highways that are in Canada until an agreement has been reached by the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States which shall provide, in part, that the Canadian Government—

(1) will provide, without participation of funds authorized under this title, all necessary right-of-way for the reconstruction of such highways;

(2) will not impose any highway toll, or permit any such toll to be charged for the use of such highways by vehicles or persons;

(3) will not levy or assess, directly or indirectly, any fee, tax, or other charge for the use of such highways by vehicles or persons from the United States that does not apply equally to vehicles or persons of Canada;

(4) will continue to grant reciprocal recognition of vehicle registration and drivers’ licenses in accordance with agreements between the United States and Canada; and

(5) will maintain such highways after their completion in proper condition adequately to serve the needs of present and future traffic.

(b) The survey and construction work undertaken in Canada pursuant to this section shall be under the general supervision of the Secretary.

(c) For purposes of this section, the term “Alaska Marine Highway System” includes all existing or planned transportation facilities and equipment in Alaska, including the lease, purchase, or construction of vessels, terminals, docks, floats, ramps, staging areas, parking lots, bridges and approaches thereto, and necessary roads.

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §127(a)(1), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 264; amended Pub. L. 94–147, Dec. 12, 1975, 89 Stat. 803; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §158, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2135; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §316], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681–468; Pub. L. 108–7, div. I, title III, §327, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 413; Pub. L. 109–59, title IV, §4409, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1778.)

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §4409(1), struck out “prior to the date of the enactment of the reauthorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century” before “shall not apply” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §4409(2), added subsec. (c).

**2003**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–7 inserted “reauthorization of the” before “Transportation”.

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(g) [title III, §316(1)(A)], substituted “to Haines” for “to the south Alaskan border” in first sentence, substituted “such highway or the Alaska Marine Highway System” for “such highway” in third sentence, substituted “any other fiscal year thereafter, including any portion of any other fiscal year thereafter, prior to the date of the enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century” for “any other fiscal year thereafter” in fourth sentence, substituted “construction of the portion of such highways that are in Canada until an agreement” for “construction of such highways until an agreement” in fifth sentence.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–277, §101(g) [title III, §316(2)], inserted “in Canada” after “undertaken”.

**1983**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–424 inserted provision that notwithstanding any other provision of law, upon agreement with the State of Alaska, the Secretary is authorized to expend on the highway any Federal-aid highway funds apportioned to the State of Alaska under this title at a Federal share of 100 per centum, and that any obligation limitation enacted for fiscal year 1983 or for any other fiscal year thereafter shall not apply to such projects.

**1975**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–147 struck out provision requiring that the right-of-way granted by the Canadian Government shall forever be held inviolate as part of such highways in public use.

Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §151, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 448, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation is authorized to undertake an investigation and study to determine the cost of, and the responsibility for, repairing the damage to Alaska highways that has been or will be caused by heavy truck traffic during construction of the trans-Alaska pipeline and to restore them to proper standards when construction is complete. The Secretary of Transportation shall report his initial findings to the Congress on or before September 30, 1976, and his final conclusions on rebuilding costs no later than three months after completion of pipeline construction.

“(b) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be available until expended, the sum of $200,000 for the purpose of making the study authorized by subsection (a) of this section.”

Section 127(b) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “For the purpose of completing necessary reconstruction of the Alaska Highway from the Alaskan border to Haines Junction in Canada and the Haines Cutoff Highway from Haines Junction in Canada to the south Alaskan border there is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $58,670,000 to be expended in accordance with the provisions of section 218 of title 23 of the United States Code.”

Section, added Pub. L. 93–643, §122(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2289; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §135(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 441; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §168(d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2723; Pub. L. 96–106, §10(a), Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798, related to projects for safer off-system roads.


**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1901(b), 1903(b), title VI, §§6003(b), 6004(b), 6005(b), 6006(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464, 1465, 1867, 1868, 1872, 1873, added items 313, 321, and 325 to 329.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1212(a)(2)(B)(i), 1218(b), 1301(d)(3), title V, §5119(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193, 219, 226, 452, substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in item 302, struck out items 307 “Research and planning” and 321 “National Highway Institute”, added item 322, substituted “Donations and credits” for “Donations” in item 323, and struck out items 325 “International highway transportation outreach program” and 326 “Education and training program”.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1034(b), title VI, §§6003(b), 6004(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1978, 2168, 2169, added items 303, 325, and 326.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(e)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173, struck out item 322 “Demonstration project—rail crossings”.

**1983**—Pub. L. 97–449, §5(d)(2), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2442, struck out item 303 “Bureau organization”.

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §§145(b), 162(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 273, 280, added items 323 and 324.

**1970**—Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §115(b), title II, §205(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1723, 1743, added items 321 and 322.

**1966**—Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(b)(2), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, struck out item 313 relating to Highway Safety Conference.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–285, title III, §301(b), Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1032, inserted “and scenic enhancement” after “Landscaping” in item 319.

Except as provided in section 129 of this title with respect to certain toll bridges and toll tunnels, all highways constructed under the provisions of this title shall be free from tolls of all kinds.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 912.)

(a) Any State desiring to avail itself of the provisions of this title shall have a State transportation department which shall have adequate powers, and be suitably equipped and organized to discharge to the satisfaction of the Secretary the duties required by this title. In meeting the provisions of this subsection, a State may engage, to the extent necessary or desirable, the services of private engineering firms.

(b)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 912; Pub. L. 89–574, §11, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 770; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(1), (2)(A)(i), (B)(ii), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(1)(A), (2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department” and struck out after first sentence “Among other things, the organization shall include a secondary road unit.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(1)(B), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “The State highway department may arrange with a county or group of counties for competent highway engineering personnel suitably organized and equipped to the satisfaction of the State highway department, to supervise construction and maintenance on a county-unit or group-unit basis, for the construction of projects on the Federal-aid secondary system, financed with secondary funds, and for the maintenance thereof.”

(a)

(1) Highway pavement of Federal-aid highways.

(2) Bridges on and off Federal-aid highways.

(3) Highway safety.

(4) Traffic congestion.

(5) Public transportation facilities and equipment.

(6) Intermodal transportation facilities and systems.

In metropolitan areas, such systems shall be developed and implemented in cooperation with metropolitan planning organizations. Such regulations may include a compliance schedule for development, establishment, and implementation of each such system and minimum standards for each such system.

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(g)

(h)

(Added Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1034(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1977; amended Pub. L. 103–429, §3(8), (9), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 104–59, title II, §205(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 576.)

The date of the enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 102–240, which was approved Dec. 18, 1991.

A prior section 303, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 912; Pub. L. 87–392, §1, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 88–426, title III, §305(24), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 425; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §114(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1722; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(4), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276, provided for administrative organization of the Federal Highway Administration, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2445. See section 104 of Title 49, Transportation.

**1995**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–59, §205(a)(1), added subsec. (c) and struck out former subsec. (c) which read as follows:

“(c)

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–59, §205(a)(2), inserted subsec. heading, designated existing provisions as par. (1), inserted par. heading and realigned margins, and added par. (2).

**1994**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(8), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–429, §3(9), substituted “chapter 53 of title 49” for “the Federal Transit Act” and “chapter 53” for “such Act”.

Section effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as an Effective Date of 1991 Amendment note under section 104 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (f)(1) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 137 of House Document No. 103–7.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1201, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1196, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) establish, in all States, a system of basic real-time information for managing and operating the surface transportation system;

“(B) identify longer range real-time highway and transit monitoring needs and develop plans and strategies for meeting such needs; and

“(C) provide the capability and means to share that data with State and local governments and the traveling public.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

It is declared to be in the national interest to encourage and develop the actual and potential capacity of small business and to utilize this important segment of our economy to the fullest practicable extent in construction of the Federal-aid highway systems, including the Interstate System. In order to carry out that intent and encourage full and free competition, the Secretary should assist, insofar as feasible, small business enterprises in obtaining contracts in connection with the prosecution of the highway program.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 913.)

Funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title to the extent approved as necessary by the highway department of any State, may be used for archeological and paleontological salvage in that State in compliance with the Act entitled “An Act for the preservation of American antiquities”, approved June 8, 1906 (34 Stat. 225), and State laws where applicable,

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 913; Pub. L. 86–657, §8(e), July 14, 1960, 74 Stat. 525.)

An Act for the preservation of American antiquities, referred to in text, is act June 8, 1906, ch. 3060, 34 Stat. 225, popularly known as the Antiquities Act of 1906, which is classified generally to sections 431, 432, and 433 of Title 16, Conservation. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 431 of Title 16 and Tables.

**1960**—Pub. L. 86–657 substituted “appropriated to carry out this title to the extent approved” for “appropriated under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, to the extent approved”.

(a)

(b)

(1) preparation of standards and specifications;

(2) research in surveying and mapping instrumentation and procedures and technology transfer to the private sector;

(3) providing technical guidance, coordination, and administration of State surveying and mapping activities; and

(4) recommending methods for increasing the use by the States of private sector sources for surveying and mapping activities.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 913; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §321, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 590.)

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–59 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

Section, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 913; Pub. L. 87–866, §11, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1148; Pub. L. 88–157, §6, Oct. 24, 1963, 77 Stat. 277; Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §103, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §§115(c), 126, 136(c), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1723, 1729, 1735; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §151, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 96–470, title I, §112(b)(2), Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2239; Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §§156(a), (b), (d), 160(a), Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2134, 2135; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§128, 129, 133(b)(17), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 167, 169, 172; Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §§6001, 6005, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2162, 2170; Pub. L. 103–429, §3(10), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §325(d), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 592, related to research and planning.

Part B of title VI of Pub. L. 102–240, as amended by Pub. L. 102–388, title IV, §404, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1564; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(a), (b), (c)(2), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 603, 604; Pub. L. 105–130, §5(d), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, related to Intelligent Transportation Systems Act of 1991, including provisions relating to establishment and scope of program, general authorities and requirements, strategic plan, implementation, and report to Congress, technical, planning, and operational testing project assistance, applications of technology, commercial motor vehicle safety technology, funding, and definitions, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5213, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 463. See Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §§5201–5213, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452–463, set out as a note under section 502 of this title.

(a) The Secretary is authorized to perform by contract or otherwise, authorized engineering or other services in connection with the survey, construction, maintenance, or improvement of highways for other Government agencies, cooperating foreign countries, and State cooperating agencies, and reimbursement for such services, which may include depreciation on engineering and roadbuilding equipment used, shall be credited to the appropriation concerned.

(b) Appropriations for the work of the Federal Highway Administration shall be available for expenses of warehouse maintenance and the procurement, care, and handling of supplies, materials, and equipment for distribution to projects under the supervision of the Federal Highway Administration, or for sale or distribution to other Government agencies, cooperating foreign countries, and State cooperating agencies, and the cost of such supplies and materials or the value of such equipment, including the cost of transportation and handling, may be reimbursed to current applicable appropriations.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(5), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276.)

**1973**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “Federal Highway Administration” for “Bureau of Public Roads” in two places.

The President is authorized to utilize the services of the Federal Highway Administration in fulfilling the obligations of the United States under the Convention on the Pan-American Highway Between the United States and Other American Republics (51 Stat. 152), cooperating with several governments, members of the Organization of American States, in connection with the survey and construction of the Inter-American Highway, and for performing engineering service in the other American Republics for and upon the request of any agency or governmental corporation of the United States. To the extent authorized in appropriation acts, administrative funds available in accordance with subsection (a) of section 104 of this title shall be available annually for the purpose of this section.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(5), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276.)

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “Federal Highway Administration” for “Bureau of Public Roads”.

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §359(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 626, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) Findings on the benefits of constructing a highway at Darien Gap, Panama and Colombia.

“(B) Recommendations for a self-financing arrangement for completion and maintenance of the Pan American Highway.

“(C) Recommendations for establishing a Pan American highway authority to monitor financing, construction, maintenance, and operations of the Pan American Highway.

“(D) Findings on the benefits to trade and prosperity of a more efficient Pan American Highway.

“(E) Findings on the benefits to United States industry resulting from the use of United States technology and equipment in construction of improvements to the Pan American Highway.

“(F) Findings on environmental considerations, including environmental considerations relating to Darien Gap.

“(3)

In order to assure that adequate consideration is given to civil defense aspects in the planning and construction of highways constructed or reconstructed with the aid of Federal funds, the Secretary of Transportation is authorized and directed to consult, from time to time, with the Federal Civil Defense Administrator relative to the civil defense aspects of highways so constructed or reconstructed.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 914; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(3), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276.)

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of Commerce”.

Office of Federal Civil Defense Administrator, referred to in text, abolished and functions thereof transferred to President by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1958, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. The Plan also established a new agency in the Executive Office of the President, known as the Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization to be headed by a Director. Office redesignated as the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization by act Aug. 26, 1958 (72 Stat. 861; 42 U.S.C. 5195 note). Civil defense functions transferred to Secretary of Defense by Executive Order No. 10952 of July 20, 1961, formerly set out as a note under section 2271 of Title 50, Appendix, War and National Defense, and remaining functions redesignated Office of Emergency Planning by act Sept. 22, 1961 (75 Stat. 630; 42 U.S.C. 5195 note). Office redesignated Office of Emergency Preparedness by act Oct. 21, 1968 (82 Stat. 1194; 42 U.S.C. 5195 note). Office of Emergency Preparedness including office of Director abolished and functions thereof transferred to President by Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1973, set out as a note under section 5195 of Title 42.

Funds made available under subsection (a) of section 104 of this title may be used to pay the entire engineering costs of the surveys, plans, specifications, estimates, and supervision of construction of projects for such urgent improvements of highways strategically important from the standpoint of the national defense as may be undertaken on the order of the Secretary and as the result of request of the Secretary of Defense or such other official as the President may designate. With the consent of a State, funds made available under subsection (b) of section 104 of this title may be used to the extent deemed necessary and advisable by the Secretary to carry out the provisions of this section.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915.)

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1006(h), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1927, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

The Secretary of Defense, upon request of the Secretary, is authorized to make temporary details to the Federal Highway Administration of officers of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, without additional compensation, for technical advice and for consultation regarding highway needs for the national defense. Travel and subsistence expenses of officers so detailed shall be paid from appropriations available to the Department of Transportation on the same basis as authorized by law and by regulations of the Department of Defense for such officers.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(5), (6), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276.)

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “Federal Highway Administration” for “Bureau of Public Roads” and “Department of Transportation” for “Department of Commerce”.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Secretary of Transportation shall not obligate any funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2097) or this title and administered by the Department of Transportation, unless steel, iron, and manufactured products used in such project are produced in the United States.

(b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply where the Secretary finds—

(1) that their application would be inconsistent with the public interest;

(2) that such materials and products are not produced in the United States in sufficient and reasonably available quantities and of a satisfactory quality; or

(3) that inclusion of domestic material will increase the cost of the overall project contract by more than 25 percent.

(c) For purposes of this section, in calculating components’ costs, labor costs involved in final assembly shall not be included in the calculation.

(d) The Secretary of Transportation shall not impose any limitation or condition on assistance provided under the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2097) or this title that restricts any State from imposing more stringent requirements than this section on the use of articles, materials, and supplies mined, produced, or manufactured in foreign countries in projects carried out with such assistance or restricts any recipient of such assistance from complying with such State imposed requirements.

(e)

(1) affixed a label bearing a “Made in America” inscription, or any inscription with the same meaning, to any product used in projects to which this section applies, sold in or shipped to the United States that was not made in the United States; or

(2) represented that any product used in projects to which this section applies, sold in or shipped to the United States that was not produced in the United States, was produced in the United States;

that person shall be ineligible to receive any contract or subcontract made with funds authorized under the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 pursuant to the debarment, suspension, and ineligibility procedures in subpart 9.4 of chapter 1 of title 48, Code of Federal Regulations.

(f)

(1) a foreign country is a party to an agreement with the United States and pursuant to that agreement the head of an agency of the United States has waived the requirements of this section, and

(2) the foreign country has violated the terms of the agreement by discriminating against products covered by this section that are produced in the United States and are covered by the agreement,

the provisions of subsection (b) shall not apply to products produced in that foreign country.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1903(a), (c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464, 1465.)

The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (d), is Pub. L. 97–424, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2097. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1983 Amendments note set out under section 101 of this title and Tables.

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 102–240, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1914. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1991 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 49, Transportation, and Tables.

Section, as added by Pub. L. 109–59, consists of text of Pub. L. 97–424, title I, §165, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2136; Pub. L. 98–229, §10, Mar. 9, 1984, 98 Stat. 57; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §§133(a)(6), 337(a)(1), (b), (c), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 171, 241; Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1048, title III, §3003(b), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1999, 2088; Pub. L. 103–272, §4(r), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1371; Pub. L. 103–429, §7(a)(3)(E), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4389, which was formerly set out as a note under section 101 of this title, and was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1903(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1465.

A prior section 313, Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915, authorized the Secretary to cooperate with State highway departments and other agencies in the promotion of highway safety and authorized the expenditure of $150,000 out of the administrative funds made available in accordance with section 104(a) of this title for the purposes of this section, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §102(a), Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 734. See section 401 et seq. of this title.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1903(c)(1), substituted “to carry out the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2097) or this title” for “by this Act or by any Act amended by this Act or, after the date of enactment of this Act, any funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this Act, title 23, United States Code, or the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978”.

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1903(c)(2), redesignated par. (4) as (3).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §1903(c)(3), substituted “the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 (96 Stat. 2097) or this title that” for “this Act, the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978 or title 23, United States Code, which”.

Subsec. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §1903(c)(4), (5), which directed amendment of this section by striking subsec. (e) and redesignating subsecs. (f) and (g) as (e) and (f), respectively, was executed by making the redesignations and by striking out two subsecs. (e), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. The first subsec. (e) based on subsec. (e) of section 165 of Pub. L. 97–424, as originally enacted, repealed section 401 of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, Pub. L. 95–599. The second subsec. (e) based on subsec. (e) of section 165 of Pub. L. 97–424, as added by Pub. L. 102–240, §1048(b), related to report on purchases from foreign entities waived under subsec. (b) in fiscal years 1992 and 1993.

Pub. L. 111–117, div. A, title I, §123, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3048, provided that: “Not less than 15 days prior to waiving, under his statutory authority, any Buy America requirement for Federal-aid highway projects, the Secretary of Transportation shall make an informal public notice and comment opportunity on the intent to issue such waiver and the reasons therefor: *Provided*, That the Secretary shall provide an annual report to the Appropriations Committees of the Congress on any waivers granted under the Buy America requirements.”

Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts:

Pub. L. 111–8, div. I, title I, §126, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 928.

Pub. L. 110–161, div. K, title I, §130, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 2389.

Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §117, June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1607, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A) publish in the Federal Register, before the date on which such finding takes effect, a detailed written justification as to the reasons that such finding is needed; and

“(B) provide notice of such finding and an opportunity for public comment on such finding for a period of not to exceed 60 days.

“(2)

“(b)

The Secretary is authorized in an emergency to use appropriations to the Department of Transportation for carrying out the provisions of this title for medical supplies, services, and other assistance necessary for the immediate relief of employees of the Federal Highway Administration engaged in hazardous work.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §152(5), (6), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 276.)

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “Department of Transportation” for “Department of Commerce” and “Federal Highway Administration” for “Bureau of Public Roads”.

Except as provided in sections 204(f) and 205(a) of this title, the Secretary is authorized to prescribe and promulgate all needful rules and regulations for the carrying out of the provisions of this title. The Secretary may make such recommendations to the Congress and State transportation departments as he deems necessary for preserving and protecting the highways and insuring the safety of traffic thereon.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(18), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(ii), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation departments” for “State highway departments”.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 which directed that this section be amended by substituting “204(f) and 205(a)” for “204(d), 205(a), 207(b), and 208(c)” was executed by substituting “204(f) and 205(a)” for “204(d), 205(a), 206(b), 207(b), and 208(c)”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

For the purposes of this title the consent of the United States is given to any railroad or canal company to convey to the State transportation department of any State, or its nominee, any part of its right-of-way or other property in that State acquired by grant from the United States.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 915; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

(a) If the Secretary determines that any part of the lands or interests in lands owned by the United States is reasonably necessary for the right-of-way of any highway, or as a source of materials for the construction or maintenance of any such highway adjacent to such lands or interests in lands, the Secretary shall file with the Secretary of the Department supervising the administration of such lands or interests in lands a map showing the portion of such lands or interests in lands which it is desired to appropriate.

(b) If within a period of four months after such filing, the Secretary of such Department shall not have certified to the Secretary that the proposed appropriation of such land or material is contrary to the public interest or inconsistent with the purposes for which such land or materials have been reserved, or shall have agreed to the appropriation and transfer under conditions which he deems necessary for the adequate protection and utilization of the reserve, then such land and materials may be appropriated and transferred to the State transportation department, or its nominee, for such purposes and subject to the conditions so specified.

(c) If at any time the need for any such lands or materials for such purposes shall no longer exist, notice of the fact shall be given by the State transportation department to the Secretary and such lands or materials shall immediately revert to the control of the Secretary of the Department from which they had been appropriated.

(d) The provisions of this section shall apply only to projects constructed on a Federal-aid system or under the provisions of chapter 2 of this title.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 916; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Federal highway funds shall not be used for the reconstruction or relocation of any highway giving access to an airport constructed or extended after December 20, 1944, or for the reconstruction or relocation of any highway which has been or may be closed or the usefulness of which has been may be impaired by the location or construction of any airport constructed or extended after December 20, 1944, unless, prior to such construction or extension, as the case may be, the State transportation department and the Secretary have concurred with the officials in charge of the airport that the location of such airport or extension thereof and the consequent reconstruction or relocation of the highway are in the public interest.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 916; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193.)

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

(a)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 916; Pub. L. 89–285, title III, §301(a), Oct. 22, 1965, 79 Stat. 1032; Pub. L. 89–574, §8(b), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 768; Pub. L. 90–495, §6(f), Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 818; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §136(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 442; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §130, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 169.)

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsec. (b).

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280, in revising section, struck out subsec. (a) designation for existing text; incorporated as part of the section provision of former subsec. (b) for acquisition of interests in and improvement of strips of land necessary for the restoration, preservation, and enhancement of scenic beauty adjacent to Federal-aid highways; and struck out subsec. (b) designation and other subsec. (b) provisions relating to: allocation to a State out of appropriated funds an amount equivalent to 3 per centum of funds apportioned to a State for Federal-aid highways for landscape and roadside development use within the highway right-of-way, including acquisition and development of publicly owned and controlled rest and recreation areas and sanitary and other facilities within or adjacent to the highway right-of-way without being matched by the State; authorization of Secretary to except a State from the requirement upon a showing that amount is in excess of the State needs for the purposes; lapse of unused funds; appropriations authorization of $120,000,000 for fiscal years ending June 30, 1966, and 1967, and $20,000,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1970; and provision making chapter 1 respecting obligation, period of availability, and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out subsec. (b) after June 30, 1967.

**1968**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90–495 inserted provisions authorizing an appropriation of not to exceed $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970.

**1966**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–574 substituted provisions making applicable to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection after June 30, 1967, the provisions of chapter 1 of this title relating to the obligations, period of availability, and expenditure of Federal-aid primary highway funds for provisions prohibiting the use of any part of the Highway Trust Fund in carrying out this subsection.

**1965**—Pub. L. 89–285 rearranged section structurally, made provision for apportionment of an amount, in addition to the state's annual apportionment, equivalent to 3 per centum of the fund annually apportioned to the state for federal-aid highways to acquire interests and improvements for restoration, preservation, and enhancement of scenic beauty adjacent to Federal-aid highways, authorized appropriations of $120,000,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1966, and $120,000,000 for fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, and prohibited use of Highway Trust Fund moneys in carrying out the scenic enhancement provisions.

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective August 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Section 136(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “All sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 319(b) of title 23, United States Code [former subsec. (b) of this section], as in effect immediately before the date of enactment of this section [May 5, 1976] shall continue to be available for appropriation, obligation, and expenditure in accordance with such section 319(b) [former subsec. (b) of this section], notwithstanding the amendment made by the subsection (a) of this section [to this section].”

Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §134, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 268, mandated a study to determine the feasibility of a scenic highway system to link together recreational, historical sites, and a study of user access to parks and recreational areas, including alternatives to private automobiles, the results of the studies to be reported to Congress no later than July 1, 1974, and Jan. 1, 1975, respectively.

Prohibition against the use of eminent domain to acquire any dwelling (including related buildings) under the terms of Pub. L. 89–285, see section 305 of Pub. L. 89–285, set out as a note under section 131 of this title.

Prohibition against the taking of private property or the restriction of reasonable and existing use by such taking without just compensation under the terms of Pub. L. 89–285, see section 401 of Pub. L. 89–285, set out as a note under section 131 of this title.

(a) Each executive department, independent establishment, office, board, bureau, commission, authority, administration, corporation wholly owned or controlled by the United States, or other agency of the Government of the United States, hereinafter collectively and individually referred to as “agency”, which on or after July 29, 1946, has jurisdiction over and custody of any dam constructed or to be constructed and owned by or for the United States, is authorized, with any funds available to it, to design and construct any such dam in such manner that it will constitute and serve as a suitable and adequate foundation to support a public highway bridge upon and across such dam, and to design and construct upon the foundation thus provided a public highway bridge upon and across such dam. The highway department of the State in which such dam shall be located, jointly with the Secretary, shall first determine and certify to such agency that such bridge is economically desirable and needed as a link in the State or Federal-aid highway systems, and shall request such agency to design and construct such dam so that it will serve as a suitable and adequate foundation for a public highway bridge and to design and construct such public highway bridge upon and across such dam, and shall agree to reimburse such agency pursuant to subsection (d) of this section for any additional costs which it may be required to incur because of the design and construction of such dam so that it will serve as a foundation for a public highway bridge and for expenditures which it may find it necessary to make in designing and constructing such public highway bridge upon and across such dam. In no case shall the design and construction of a bridge upon and across such dam be undertaken hereunder except by the agency having jurisdiction over and custody of the dam, acting directly or through contractors employed by it, and after such agency shall determine that it will be structurally feasible and will not interfere with the proper functioning and operation of the dam.

(b) Construction of any bridge upon and across any dam pursuant to this section shall not be commenced unless and until the State in which such bridge is to be located, or the appropriate subdivision of such State, shall enter into an agreement with such agency and with the Secretary to construct, or cause to be constructed, with or without the aid of Federal funds, the approach roads necessary to connect such bridge with existing public highways and to maintain, or cause to be maintained, such approach roads from and after their completion. Such agreement may also provide for the design and construction of such bridge upon and across the dam by such agency of the United States and for reimbursing such agency the costs incurred by it in the design and construction of the bridge as provided in subsection (d) of this section. Any such agency is hereby authorized to convey to the State, or to the appropriate subdivision thereof, without costs, such easements and rights-of-way in its custody or over lands of the United States in its custody and control as may be necessary, convenient, or proper for the location, construction, and maintenance of the approach roads referred to in this section including such roadside parks or recreational areas of limited size as may be deemed necessary for the accommodation of the traveling public. Any bridge constructed pursuant to this section upon and across a dam in the custody and jurisdiction of any agency of the United States, including such portion thereof, if any, as may extend beyond the physical limits of the dam, shall constitute and remain a part of said dam and be maintained by the agency. Any such agency may enter into any such contracts and agreements with the State or its subdivisions respecting public use of any bridge so located and constructed as may be deemed appropriate, but no such bridge shall be closed to public use by the agency except in cases of emergency or when deemed necessary in the interest of national security.

(c) All costs and expenses incurred and expenditures made by any agency in the exercise of the powers and authority conferred by this section (but not including any costs, expenses, or expenditures which would have been required in any event to satisfy a legal road or bridge relocation obligation or to meet operating or other agency needs) shall be recorded and kept separate and apart from the other costs, expenses, and expenditures of such agency, and no portion thereof shall be charged or allocated to flood control, navigation, irrigation, fertilizer production, the national defense, the development of power, or other program, purpose, or function of such agency.

(d) Not to exceed $65,000,000 of any money heretofore or hereafter appropriated for expenditure in accordance with the provisions of this title or prior Acts shall be available for expenditure by the Secretary in accordance with the provisions of this section, as an emergency fund, to reimburse any agency for any additional costs or expenditures which it may be required to incur because of the design and construction of any such dam so that it will constitute and serve as a foundation for a public highway bridge upon and across such dam and to reimburse any such agency for any costs, expenses, or expenditures which it may be required to make in designing and constructing any such bridge upon and across a dam in accordance with the provisions of this section, except such costs, expenses, or expenditures as would have been required of such agency in any event to satisfy a legal obligation to relocate a highway or bridge or to meet operating or other agency needs, and there is authorized to be appropriated any sum or sums necessary to reimburse the funds so expended by the Secretary from time to time under the authority of this section. Of each bridge constructed upon and across a dam under the provisions of this section, there may be financed wholly with Federal funds that portion thereof which is located within the physical limits of the masonry structure, or structures, of the dam, and the Secretary shall in his sole discretion determine what additional portion of the bridge, if any, may be so financed, such determination to be final and conclusive. The remainder of the bridge, and any necessary related approach roads, shall be financed by the State or its appropriate subdivision with or without the aid of Federal funds; but said portion of the bridge so financed by the State or its subdivisions, including such portion thereof, if any, as may extend beyond the physical limits of the dam, shall nevertheless be designed and constructed solely by the agency having custody and jurisdiction of the dam as provided in subsection (a) of this section.

(e) In making, reviewing, or approving the design of any bridge or approach structure to be constructed under this section, the agency shall, in matters relating to roadway design, loadings, clearances and widths, and traffic safeguards, give full consideration to and be guided by the standards and advice of the Secretary.

(f) The authority conferred by this section shall be in addition to and not in limitation of authority conferred upon any agency by any other law, and nothing in this section contained shall affect or be deemed to relate to any bridge, approach structure, or highway constructed or to be constructed by any such agency in furtherance of its lawful purposes and requirements or to satisfy a legal obligation incurred independently of this section.

(Pub. L. 85–767, Aug. 27, 1958, 72 Stat. 917; Pub. L. 86–342, title I, §108, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 88–423, §4(c), Aug. 13, 1964, 78 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §116(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1724; Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §128(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 265; Pub. L. 93–643, §123(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2290; Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §137(a), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §128(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2707.)

**1978**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted “$65,000,000” for “$50,000,000”.

**1976**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted “$50,000,000” for “$27,761,000”.

**1975**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–643 substituted “$27,761,000” for “$25,261,000”.

**1973**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87 substituted “$25,261,000” for “$16,761,000”.

**1970**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605 substituted “$16,761,000” for “$13,000,000”.

**1964**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–423 substituted “which such bridge is to be located, or the appropriate subdivision of such State, shall enter into an agreement with such agency and with” for “such State, shall enter into an agreement with such agency and with which such bridge is to be located, or the appropriate subdivision of”.

**1959**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 86–342 substituted “$13,000,000” for “$10,000,000”.

Section 128(b) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “Sums appropriated or expended under authority of the increased authorization established by the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending subsec. (d) of this section] shall be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, and for subsequent fiscal years.”

Section 137(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “Sums appropriated or expended under authority of the increased authorization established by the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [to subsec. (d) of this section] shall be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1977, and for subsequent fiscal years.”

Section 116(b) of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that: “All sums appropriated under authority of the increased authorization of $3,761,000 established by the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending subsec. (d) of this section] shall be available for expenditure only in connection with the construction of a bridge across Markland Dam on the Ohio River near Markland, Indiana, and Warsaw, Kentucky. No such sums shall be appropriated until all applicable requirements of section 320 of title 23 of the United States Code have been complied with by the appropriate Federal agency, the Secretary of Transportation, and the States of Kentucky and Indiana.”

Section 123(b) of Pub. L. 93–643 provided that: “All sums appropriated under authority of the increased authorization established by the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section shall be available for expenditure in the same manner and for the same purpose as provided for in subsection (b) of section 116 of the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970 (Public Law 91–605).”

Section 128(b) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “All sums appropriated under authority of the increased authorization of $8,500,000 established by the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [to subsec. (d) of this section] shall be available for expenditure only in connection with the construction of a bridge across lock and dam numbered 13 on the Arkansas River near Fort Smith, Arkansas, in the amount of $2,100,000 and in connection with reconstruction of a bridge across the Chickamauga Dam on the Tennessee River near Chattanooga, Tennessee, in the amount of $6,400,000. No such sums shall be appropriated until all applicable requirements of section 320 of title 23 of the United States Code have been complied with by the appropriate Federal agency, the Secretary of Transportation, and the State of Arkansas for the Fort Smith project, and the State of Tennessee for the Chattanooga project.”

If a State has a practice of erecting on projects under actual construction without Federal-aid highway assistance signs which indicate the source or sources of any funds used to carry out such projects, such State shall erect on all projects under actual construction with any funds made available out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) signs which are visible to highway users and which indicate each governmental source of funds being used to carry out such federally assisted projects and the amount of funds being made available by each such source.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1901(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.)

Section, as added by Pub. L. 109–59, consists of text of Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §154, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 209, which was formerly set out as a note under section 101 of this title, and was repealed by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1901(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.

A prior section 321, added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §115(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1723; amended Pub. L. 96–106, §11, Nov. 9, 1979, 93 Stat. 798; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §131, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170; Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6002, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2166; Pub. L. 105–130, §5(e)(3), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2557, related to National Highway Institute, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5119(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452.

(a)

(1)

(A) means the capital cost of the fixed guideway infrastructure of a MAGLEV project, including land, piers, guideways, propulsion equipment and other components attached to guideways, power distribution facilities (including substations), control and communications facilities, access roads, and storage, repair, and maintenance facilities, but not including costs incurred for a new station; and

(B) includes the costs of preconstruction planning activities.

(2)

(3) MAGLEV.—The term “MAGLEV” means transportation systems employing magnetic levitation that would be capable of safe use by the public at a speed in excess of 240 miles per hour.

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(d)

(1) involve a segment or segments of a high-speed ground transportation corridor that exhibit partnership potential;

(2) require an amount of Federal funds for project financing that will not exceed the sum of—

(A) the amounts made available under subsection (h)(1); and

(B) the amounts made available by States under subsection (h)(3);

(3) result in an operating transportation facility that provides a revenue producing service;

(4) be undertaken through a public and private partnership, with at least 1/3 of full project costs paid using non-Federal funds;

(5) satisfy applicable statewide and metropolitan planning requirements;

(6) be approved by the Secretary based on an application submitted to the Secretary by a State or authority designated by 1 or more States;

(7) to the extent that non-United States MAGLEV technology is used within the United States, be carried out as a technology transfer project; and

(8) be carried out using materials at least 70 percent of which are manufactured in the United States.

(e)

(1) a project is nationally significant, including the extent to which the project will demonstrate the feasibility of deployment of MAGLEV technology throughout the United States;

(2) timely implementation of the project will reduce congestion in other modes of transportation and reduce the need for additional highway or airport construction;

(3) States, regions, and localities financially contribute to the project;

(4) implementation of the project will create new jobs in traditional and emerging industries;

(5) the project will augment MAGLEV networks identified as having partnership potential;

(6) financial assistance would foster public and private partnerships for infrastructure development and attract private debt or equity investment;

(7) financial assistance would foster the timely implementation of a project; and

(8) life-cycle costs in design and engineering are considered and enhanced.

(f)

(1)

(A) preparation of such feasibility studies, major investment studies, and environmental impact statements and assessments as are required under State law;

(B) pricing of the final design, engineering, and construction activities proposed to be assisted under paragraph (2); and

(C) such other activities as are necessary to provide the Secretary with sufficient information to evaluate whether a project should receive financial assistance for final design, engineering, and construction activities under paragraph (2).

(2)

(g)

(h)

(1)

(A)

(i)

(ii)

(I) the Federal share of the cost of a project carried out under this section shall be determined in accordance with subsection (b); and

(II) the availability of the funds shall be determined in accordance with paragraph (2).

(B)

(i)

(ii)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) shall not be available in advance of an annual appropriation; and

(ii) shall remain available until expended.

(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1218(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 216; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(i), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 841.)

Section 1036 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is section 1036 of Pub. L. 102–240, title I, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1978, which enacted section 309 of Title 49, Transportation, amended section 831 of Title 45, Railroads, and section 302 of Title 49, and enacted provisions set out as notes under section 831 of Title 45 and section 309 of Title 49.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (c), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (h)(4), is Pub. L. 105–178, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 107, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1(a) of Pub. L. 105–178, set out as a Short Title of 1998 Amendment note under section 101 of this title and Tables.

A prior section 322, added Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §205(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1742; amended Pub. L. 93–643, §117, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2288; Pub. L. 97–449, §5(d)(3), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2442, related to demonstration projects for elimination or protection of certain ground-level rail-highway crossings and required study of problem of providing increased highway safety at public and private ground-level rail-highway crossings on nationwide basis through elimination of such crossings or otherwise, and report to Congress on such study not later than July 1, 1972, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(e)(1), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 173.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), struck out “or under 50 miles per hour” before period at end.

Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(2)(A), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), struck out “or low-speed” after “high-speed”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(2)(B)(i), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), substituted “(h)(1)” for “(h)(1)(A)”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(2)(B)(ii), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), substituted “(h)(3)” for “(h)(4)”.

Subsec. (h)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(3), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), inserted “(other than subsection (i))” after “this section”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §1218(c)(4), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9003(i), added subsec. (i).

Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1307, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1217, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §102(b), (c), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1577, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A) means the capital cost of the fixed guideway infrastructure of a MAGLEV project, including land, piers, guideways, propulsion equipment and other components attached to guideways, power distribution facilities (including substations), control and communications facilities, access roads, and storage, repair, and maintenance facilities, but not including costs incurred for a new station; and

“(B) includes the costs of preconstruction planning activities.

“(2)

“(3) MAGLEV.—The term ‘MAGLEV’ means transportation systems employing magnetic levitation that would be capable of safe use by the public at a speed in excess of 240 miles per hour.

“(4)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(c)

“(1) involve a segment or segments of a high-speed ground transportation corridor;

“(2) result in an operating transportation facility that provides a revenue producing service; and

“(3) be approved by the Secretary [of Transportation] based on an application submitted to the Secretary by a State or authority designated by one or more States.

“(d)

“(1) 50 percent to the Nevada department of transportation who shall cooperate with the California-Nevada Super Speed Train Commission for the MAGLEV project between Las Vegas and Primm, Nevada, as a segment of the high-speed MAGLEV system between Las Vegas, Nevada, and Anaheim, California; and

“(2) 50 percent for existing MAGLEV projects located east of the Mississippi River using such criteria as the Secretary deems appropriate.

“(e)

[Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §102(d), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1578, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending section 1307 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out above] take effect on October 1, 2007.”]

Pub. L. 105–178, title III, §3015(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 361, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9009(k)(1), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 857; Pub. L. 108–88, §8(q), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1125; Pub. L. 108–202, §9(q), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 108–224, §7(q), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 637; Pub. L. 108–263, §7(q), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 708; Pub. L. 108–280, §7(q), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 885; Pub. L. 108–310, §8(q), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 109–14, §7(p), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 334; Pub. L. 109–20, §7(p), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 356; Pub. L. 109–35, §7(p), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 389; Pub. L. 109–37, §7(p), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 404; Pub. L. 109–40, §7(p), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 420, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

[Pub. L. 109–35, §7(p)(1), which directed amendment of Pub. L. 105–178, §3015(c)(2), set out above, by substituting “July 21, 2005” for “July 19, 2005,” was executed by making the substitution for “July 19, 2005”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 109–20, §7(p)(1), which directed amendment of Pub. L. 105–178, §3015(c)(2), set out above, by substituting “July 19, 2005” for “June 30, 2005,” was executed by making the substitution for “June 30, 2005”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 108–280, §7(q), which directed amendment of Pub. L. 105–178, §3015(c)(2), set out above, by substituting “2004, $5,000,000 per fiscal year” for “2003, and for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004 $5,000,000 per fiscal year and $4,142,083 for such period”, was executed by making the substitution for “2003, and for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004, $5,000,000 per fiscal year and $4,142,083 for such period”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

[Pub. L. 108–224, §7(q)(1), which directed amendment of Pub. L. 105–178, §3015(c)(2), set out above, by substituting “June 30, 2004” for “April 30, 2004,” was executed by making the substitution for “April 30, 2004”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.]

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) is lawfully obtained by the State or a unit of local government in the State;

(B) is incorporated into the project;

(C) is not land described in section 138; and

(D) the Secretary determines will not influence the environmental assessment of the project, including—

(i) the decision as to the need to construct the project;

(ii) the consideration of alternatives; and

(iii) the selection of a specific location.

(2)

(A) the fair market value shall not include any increase or decrease in the value of donated property caused by the project; and

(B) the fair market value of donated land shall be established as of the earlier of—

(i) the date on which the donation becomes effective; or

(ii) the date on which equitable title to the land vests in the State.

(3)

(4)

(c)

(d)

(1) all alternatives to a proposed alignment will be studied and considered pursuant to such Act;

(2) acquisition of property under this section shall not influence the environmental assessment of a project including the decision relative to the need to construct the project or the selection of a specific location; and

(3) any property acquired by gift or donation shall be revested in the grantor or successors in interest if such property is not required for the alignment chosen after public hearings, if required, and completion of the environmental document.

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §145(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 273; amended Pub. L. 93–643, §112, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §146(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 179; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §322, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §§1212(a)(2)(A)(i), 1301(b)–(d)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193, 225, 226; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1902, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1464.)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (d), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2005**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1902(1), inserted “, or a local government from offering to donate funds, materials, or services performed by local government employees,” before “in connection with a project”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §1902(2), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “A contribution by a unit of local government of real property, funds, or material in connection with a project eligible for assistance under this title shall be credited against the State share of the project at the fair market value of the real property, funds, or material.”

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(d)(1), substituted “Donations and credits” for “Donations” in section catchline.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(b)(1), substituted “Acquired” for “Donated” in heading.

Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(b)(2), added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

“(1)

“(2)

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(b)(3), substituted “agency of the Federal Government” for “agency of a Federal, State, or local government”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(b)(4), struck out “to which the donation is applied” before period at end.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–178, §1301(c), added subsec. (e).

**1995**—Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 104–59 added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

**1975**—Pub. L. 93–643 substituted “after he has been fully informed of his right to receive just compensation for the acquisition of his property” for “after he has been tendered the full amount of the estimated just compensation as established by an approved appraisal of the fair market value of the subject real property”.

No person shall on the ground of sex be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal assistance under this title or carried on under this title. This provision will be enforced through agency provisions and rules similar to those already established, with respect to racial and other discrimination, under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, this remedy is not exclusive and will not prejudice or cut off any other legal remedies available to a discriminatee.

(Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, §162(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 280.)

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000d of Title 42 and Tables.

(a)

(1)

(A)

(B)

(2)

(A) Projects funded under section 104(h).

(B) Transportation enhancement activities under section 133, as such term is defined in section 101(a)(35).

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(6)

(c)

(1)

(A) a description of the projects or classes of projects for which the State seeks to assume responsibilities under subsection (a)(2); and

(B) a certification that the State has the capability to assume such responsibilities.

(2)

(A) publish notice in the Federal Register of the Secretary's intent to allow the State to participate in the program, including a copy of the State's application to the Secretary and the terms of the proposed agreement with the State; and

(B) provide an opportunity for public comment.

(3)

(A) the requirements under paragraph (2) have been met; and

(B) the Secretary determines that the State has the capability to assume the responsibilities.

(4)

(d)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6003(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1865.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(1)(B), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

A prior section 325, added Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6003[(a)], Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2168, related to international highway transportation outreach program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5119(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) shall have a term of not more than 3 years; and

(B) shall be renewable.

(3)

(4)

(A) monitor compliance by the State with the memorandum of understanding and the provision by the State of financial resources to carry out the memorandum of understanding; and

(B) take into account the performance by the State when considering renewal of the memorandum of understanding.

(d)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6004(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1867.)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

A prior section 326, added Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6004(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2169; amended Pub. L. 105–130, §5(e)(4), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2558, related to education and training program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5119(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(B)

(i) the Secretary may assign to the State, and the State may assume, all or part of the responsibilities of the Secretary for environmental review, consultation, or other action required under any Federal environmental law pertaining to the review or approval of a specific project; but

(ii) the Secretary may not assign—

(I) responsibility for any conformity determination required under section 176 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7506); or

(II) any responsibility imposed on the Secretary by section 134 or 135.

(C)

(D)

(E)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) the projects or classes of projects for which the State anticipates exercising the authority that may be granted under the program;

(B) verification of the financial resources necessary to carry out the authority that may be granted under the program; and

(C) evidence of the notice and solicitation of public comment by the State relating to participation of the State in the program, including copies of comments received from that solicitation.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(A) the regulatory requirements under paragraph (2) have been met;

(B) the Secretary determines that the State has the capability, including financial and personnel, to assume the responsibility; and

(C) the head of the State agency having primary jurisdiction over highway matters enters into a written agreement with the Secretary described in subsection (c).

(5)

(c)

(1) be executed by the Governor or the top-ranking transportation official in the State who is charged with responsibility for highway construction;

(2) be in such form as the Secretary may prescribe;

(3) provide that the State—

(A) agrees to assume all or part of the responsibilities of the Secretary described in subsection (a);

(B) expressly consents, on behalf of the State, to accept the jurisdiction of the Federal courts for the compliance, discharge, and enforcement of any responsibility of the Secretary assumed by the State;

(C) certifies that State laws (including regulations) are in effect that—

(i) authorize the State to take the actions necessary to carry out the responsibilities being assumed; and

(ii) are comparable to section 552 of title 5, including providing that any decision regarding the public availability of a document under those State laws is reviewable by a court of competent jurisdiction; and

(D) agrees to maintain the financial resources necessary to carry out the responsibilities being assumed.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(1)

(A) semiannual audits during each of the first 2 years of State participation; and

(B) annual audits during each subsequent year of State participation.

(2)

(A)

(B)

(h)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(A) the Secretary determines that the State is not adequately carrying out the responsibilities assigned to the State;

(B) the Secretary provides to the State—

(i) notification of the determination of noncompliance; and

(ii) a period of at least 30 days during which to take such corrective action as the Secretary determines is necessary to comply with the applicable agreement; and

(C) the State, after the notification and period provided under subparagraph (B), fails to take satisfactory corrective action, as determined by Secretary.

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6005(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1868; amended Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2203(c), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3526.)

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsecs. (b)(2) and (i)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2010**—Subsec. (i)(1). Pub. L. 111–322 substituted “7 years after” for “6 years after”.

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6006(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1872.)

(a)

(1) Establishment of plants selected by State and local transportation authorities to perform one or more of the following functions: abatement of stormwater runoff, stabilization of soil, and aesthetic enhancement.

(2) Management of plants which impair or impede the establishment, maintenance, or safe use of a transportation system.

(b)

(1) right-of-way surveys to determine management requirements to control Federal or State noxious weeds as defined in the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701 et seq.) or State law, and brush or tree species, whether native or nonnative, that may be considered by State or local transportation authorities to be a threat with respect to the safety or maintenance of transportation systems;

(2) establishment of plants, whether native or nonnative with a preference for native to the maximum extent possible, for the purposes defined in subsection (a)(1);

(3) control or elimination of plants as defined in subsection (a)(2);

(4) elimination of plants to create fuel breaks for the prevention and control of wildfires; and

(5) training.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6006(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1872.)

The Plant Protection Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(1), is title IV of Pub. L. 106–224, June 20, 2000, 114 Stat. 438, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 104 (§7701 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 7701 of Title 7 and Tables.


**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §§2005(b), 2006(b), 2008(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1527, 1529, 1535, substituted “Safety belt performance grants” for “School bus driver training” in item 406 and “State traffic safety information system improvements” for “Alcohol traffic safety programs” in item 408 and added item 412.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §§2003(a)(2), 2005(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 327, 334, substituted “Occupant protection incentive grants” for “Repealed” in item 405 and added item 411.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1035(b), title II, §2004(c), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1978, 2079, substituted “Discovery and admission” for “Admission” in item 409 and “Alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures” for “Drunk driving prevention programs” in item 410.

**1988**—Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9002(b), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4525, added item 410.

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §132(b), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170, added item 409.

**1982**—Pub. L. 97–364, title I, §101(b), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1740, added item 408.

**1978**—Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §208(b), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2732, added item 407.

**1976**—Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §135(d), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 442, substituted item 405 “Repealed” for “Federal-aid safer roads demonstration program”.

**1975**—Pub. L. 93–643, §126(b), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2291, added item 406.

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §230(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 294, added item 405.

The Secretary is authorized and directed to assist and cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, State and local governments, private industry, and other interested parties, to increase highway safety. For the purposes of this chapter, the term “State” means any one of the fifty States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

(Added Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §101, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 731; amended Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §218, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 290; Pub. L. 98–363, §3(b), July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(19), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172.)

**1987**—Pub. L. 100–17 inserted reference in second sentence to Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

**1984**—Pub. L. 98–363 struck out “, except that all expenditures for carrying out this chapter in the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa shall be paid out of money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated” after “and American Samoa”.

**1973**—Pub. L. 93–87 inserted definition of “State” and provided that all expenditures for carrying out this chapter in the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa shall be paid out of money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Section 3(c) of Pub. L. 98–363 provided that: “The amendments made by subsections (a) and (b) [amending this section and section 402 of this title] shall apply to fiscal years beginning after the date of enactment of this Act [July 17, 1984].”

Pub. L. 102–240, title II, §2001, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2070, provided that: “This part [part A (§§2001–2009) of title II of Pub. L. 102–240, amending sections 402, 403, and 410 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, and 410 of this title, and amending provisions set out below] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1991’.”

Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9001, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4521, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle A (§§9001 to 9005) of title IX of Pub. L. 100–690, enacting section 410 of this title and provisions set out as notes under sections 403 and 410 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Drunk Driving Prevention Act of 1988’.”

Section 201 of title II of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that: “This title [amending sections 402 and 408 of this title and section 2314 of former Title 49, Transportation, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section, section 402 of this title, and section 2204 of former Title 49, and amending provisions set out as a note under this section] be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1987’.”

Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §201, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2137, provided that: “This title [amending section 402 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130, 154, and 408 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1982’.”

Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §201, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2727, provided that: “This title [enacting section 407 of this title, amending sections 154 and 402 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130, 307, 402, and 403 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1978’.”

Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §201, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 451, provided that: “That title [amending sections 104, 151, 402, 404, and 406 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 130 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 127 and 402 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1976’.”

Section 201 of title II of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “This title [enacting sections 151 to 153 and 405 of this title, amending this section and sections 104 and 402 to 404 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 130, 144, 151, 217, and 403 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1973’.”

Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §201, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1739, provided that: “This title [enacting sections 144 and 322 of this title, amending provisions set out as notes under this section and section 402 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 402 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1970’.”

Section 208 of Pub. L. 89–564 provided that: “This Act [enacting this chapter, amending sections 105 and 307 of this title, repealing sections 135 and 313 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 303, 307, 402, and 403 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Highway Safety Act of 1966’.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1119(n), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1190, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) conduct a thorough literature review; and

“(ii) survey current practices of the Department of Transportation.

“(3)

“(4)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i) Causes of wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(ii) Impacts of wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(iii) Solutions to and prevention of wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(5)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(i) A list of best practices addressing wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(ii) A list of information, technical, and funding resources for addressing wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(iii) Recommendations for addressing wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(iv) Guidance for developing a State action plan to address wildlife vehicle collisions.

“(6)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1402, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1227, provided that: “Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], the Secretary [of Transportation] shall issue regulations to decrease the likelihood of worker injury and maintain the free flow of vehicular traffic by requiring workers whose duties place them on or in close proximity to a Federal-aid highway (as defined in section 101 of title 23, United States Code) to wear high visibility garments. The regulations may also require such other worker-safety measures for workers with those duties as the Secretary determines to be appropriate.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1405, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1230, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1409(a)–(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1232, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) Training for construction craft workers on the prevention of injuries and fatalities in highway and road construction.

“(2) Development of guidelines for the prevention of highway work zone injuries and fatalities.

“(3) Training for State and local government transportation agencies and other groups implementing guidelines for the prevention of highway work zone injuries and fatalities.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2001(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1520, provided that: “Except as otherwise provided in chapter 4 of title 23, United States Code, and this title [enacting section 412 of this title and section 39 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 402 to 406, 408, and 410 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 402, 403, 405, and 410 of this title], (including the amendments made by this title), the amounts made available from the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) for a program under such chapter shall only be used to carry out such program and may not be used by States or local governments for construction purposes.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1213(c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 200, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §358(c), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) temporary obstructions in a highway;

“(B) poor visibility and highway surface conditions caused by adverse weather; and

“(C) movement of emergency vehicles.

“(3)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1410, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1233, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §358(b), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625, provided that: “In carrying out the work zone safety program under section 1051 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240] (23 U.S.C. 401 note; 105 Stat. 2001), the Secretary shall utilize a variety of methods to increase safety at highway construction sites, including each of the following:

“(1) Conducting conferences to explore new techniques and stimulate dialogue for improving work zone safety.

“(2) Establishing a national clearinghouse to assemble and disseminate, by electronic and other means, information relating to the improvement of work zone safety.

“(3) Conducting a national promotional campaign in cooperation with the States to provide timely, site-specific information to motorists when construction workers are actually present.

“(4) Encouraging the use of enforceable speed limits in work zones.

“(5) Developing training programs for work site designers and construction workers to promote safe work zone practices.

“(6) Encouraging the use of unit price bid items in contracts for traffic control devices and implementation of traffic control plans.”

Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1051, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2001, provided that: “The Secretary shall develop and implement a work zone safety program which will improve work zone safety at highway construction sites by enhancing the quality and effectiveness of traffic control devices, safety appurtenances, traffic control plans, and bidding practices for traffic control devices and services.”

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §358(a), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 625, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Section 208 of Pub. L. 100–17, as amended by Pub. L. 100–202, §101(*l*) [title III, §348(h)], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329–358, 1329–389, directed Secretary to enter into appropriate arrangements with National Academy of Sciences to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation of (1) problems which could inhibit the safety and mobility of older drivers using the Nation's roads, and (2) means of addressing these problems, to request the Academy to report to Secretary and Congress not later than 24 months after Apr. 2, 1987, on the results of such study and investigation, to furnish to the Academy any information which it deems necessary for conducting the investigation and study, and to develop, in conjunction with the study, a pilot program of highway safety improvements to enhance the safety and mobility of older drivers and, not later than 3 years after Apr. 2, 1987, to evaluate the pilot program and report to Congress on the effectiveness of the program in improving the safety and mobility of older drivers.

Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §207, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2139, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall prepare, publish, and submit to Congress not later than December 31 of each calendar year beginning after December 31, 1982, a report on the highway safety performance of each State in the preceding calendar year. Such report shall provide data on highway fatalities and injuries and motor vehicle accidents involving fatalities and injuries and travel in urban areas of each State for each system of highways and in rural areas of such State for each system of highways. Such report shall be in such form and contain such other information on highway accidents as will permit an evaluation and comparison of highway safety performance of the States. For purposes of this section (1) the systems of highways in a State are the Federal-aid primary system, the Federal-aid secondary system, the Federal-aid urban system, and the Interstate System (as such terms are defined in section 101 of title 23, United States Code) and the other highways in such State which are not on the Federal-aid system, and (2) the terms ‘State’, ‘rural areas’, and ‘urban area’ have the meaning such terms have under section 101.”

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions relating to submittal of report to Congress in section 207 of Pub. L. 97–424, set out above, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 136 of House Document No. 103–7.]

Pub. L. 97–364, title II, §§201–211, Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1740–1748, as amended by Pub. L. 100–223, title III, §305, Dec. 30, 1987, 101 Stat. 1525; Pub. L. 100–342, §4(b), June 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 626; Pub. L. 101–380, title IV, §4105(a), Aug. 18, 1990, 104 Stat. 512; Pub. L. 102–240, title II, §2007, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2080, directed Secretary of Transportation to establish and maintain a National Driver Register to assist States in exchange of information on motor vehicle driving records of individuals and provided for reports by State officials, accessibility of Register information, a pilot test program, criminal penalties, an advisory committee, and a report to Congress by the Secretary, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–272, §7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379, and Pub. L. 103–429, §8(10), Oct. 31, 1994, 108 Stat. 4390, and was restated in part in chapter 303 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §209, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2732, as amended by Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §206, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2139; Pub. L. 100–17, title II, §207, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 221, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation shall carry out six pilot projects designed, through the use of television and radio, to develop and evaluate techniques, methods, and practices to achieve maximum measurable effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents, injuries, and deaths.

“(b) Each pilot project authorized by this section shall be in operation not later than the one hundred and eightieth day after the date of the first appropriation of funds made under authority of this section, and shall be conducted for a one-year period. Not later than the ninetieth day after the end of each such one-year period, the Secretary of Transportation shall report to Congress the results of such project, including, but not limited to, an evaluation of the effectiveness of such project and a statistical analysis of the traffic accidents and fatalities within the project area during such one-year period.

“(c) There is authorized to be appropriated, out of the Highway Trust Fund, to carry out subsections (a) and (b) of this section, $6,000,000, to remain available until expended.

“(d)

“(e) Such campaign is authorized to be conducted in cooperation with interested government and nongovernment authorities, agencies, organizations, institutions, businesses, and individuals, and shall utilize to the extent possible nongovernmental professional organizations equipped and experienced to conduct such campaign.

“(f) The Secretary of Transportation shall engage such private firms or organizations as he determines necessary to conduct an on-going evaluation of the national campaign authorized by subsection (d) of this section to determine ways and means for encouraging the participation and cooperation of television and radio station licensees, for measuring audience reactions to on-going highway safety programming for evaluating the effectiveness of such programs in terms of the number of lives saved and the reduction in injuries, and for the purpose of developing new programs for the promotion of highway safety. Such evaluation shall include determinations of those programs designed to encourage the voluntary use of safety belts which are most effective and shall include recommendations for new methods and approaches which will result in greater voluntary utilization of safety belts by the public.

“(g) The Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to the Congress on July 1 of each year in which the campaign is in progress on the results of such evaluation and on the steps being taken by the Secretary of Transportation to implement the recommendations of such evaluation.

“(h) For the purpose of carrying out subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) of this section, there is authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund, $10,000,000, to remain available until expended. None of the amounts authorized by this subsection shall be available for obligation for any education or information program conducted in connection with the implementation of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 208 (49 C.F.R. 571.208).

“(i) All provisions of chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, that are applicable to Federal-aid primary highway funds, other than provisions relating to the apportionment formula and provisions limiting the expenditure of such funds to the Federal-aid systems, shall apply to the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, except as determined by the Secretary to be inconsistent with this section and except that the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall not be subject to any obligation limitation.”

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under section 209(g) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out above, is listed on page 139), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.]

Section 211 of Pub. L. 93–87 directed Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with government and nongovernment authorities and individuals, to conduct a full and complete investigation and study of use of mass media for informing and educating the public of ways and means for reducing number and severity of highway accidents, to report to Congress his findings and recommendations by June 30, 1974, and to develop, in consultation with State and local highway safety officials, a series of highway safety television programs of varying lengths for use in accordance with provisions of the Communication Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 151 et seq.).

Section 212 of Pub. L. 93–87 authorized the appropriation of $1,000,000 for a study by the Secretary of Transportation, with cooperation of State and local highway safety authorities, of ways and means of encouraging greater citizen participation in highway safety programs, the results of such study and recommendations to be reported to Congress by June 30, 1974.

Section 213 of Pub. L. 93–87 authorized the appropriation of $5,000,000 to make a study of the feasibility of establishing a National Center for Statistical Analysis of Highway Operations designed to acquire, store and retrieve accident data, the results of such study and recommendations to be reported to Congress not later than Jan. 1, 1975.

Section 214 of Pub. L. 93–87 authorized the appropriation of $5,000,000 for a study of pedestrian and bicycle safety, including a review of local ordinances, the relationship between alcohol and pedestrian and bicycle safety, etc., the results of such study and recommendations to be reported to Congress not later than Jan. 31, 1975.

Section 225 of Pub. L. 93–87 mandated a study by the Secretary of Transportation of highway safety needs of the States, including those of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands and other territories, in order to evaluate continuing safety programs and furnish Congress with information necessary for authorization of appropriations for continuing safety programs, the results of such study, estimates and recommendations to be submitted to Congress not later than Jan. 10, 1976.

Section 201 of Pub. L. 89–564, as amended by Pub. L. 89–670, §8(h), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 943; Pub. L. 90–83, §10(b), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 224; Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §202(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1739, which provided for the creation of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the Department of Transportation, was repealed by Pub. L. 97–449, §7(b), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2444, and reenacted by section 1(b) of Pub. L. 97–449 as section 105 of Title 49, Transportation.

Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §202(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1740, permitted President to authorize any person who immediately before Dec. 31, 1970, held the office of Director of the National Highway Safety Bureau, to act as Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration until the appointment of the first Administrator.

Section 202 of Pub. L. 89–564, as amended by Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §224, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 292, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary shall prepare and submit to the President for transmittal to the Congress on July 1 of each year a comprehensive report on the administration of the Highway Safety Act of 1966 (including chapter 4 of title 23 of the United States Code) for the preceding calendar year. Such report should include but not be restricted to (1) a thorough statistical compilation of the accidents and injuries occurring in such year; (2) a list of all safety standards issued or in effect in such year; (3) the scope of observance of applicable Federal standards; (4) a statement of enforcement actions including judicial decisions, settlements, or pending litigation during the year; (5) a summary of all current research grants and contracts together with a description of the problems to be considered by such grants and contracts; (6) an analysis and evaluation of completed research activities and technological progress achieved during such year together with the relevant policy recommendations flowing therefrom: (7) the effectiveness of State highway safety program (including local highway safety programs) and (8) the extent to which technical information was being disseminated to the scientific community and consumer-oriented material was made available to the motoring public.

“(b) The annual report shall also contain such recommendations for additional legislation as the Secretary deems necessary to promote cooperation among the several States in the improvement of highway safety and to strengthen the national highway safety program.”

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions relating to transmittal of report to Congress in section 202 of Pub. L. 89–564, set out above, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 135 of House Document No. 103–7.]

Section 207 of Pub. L. 89–564 directed Secretary, in cooperation with the Governors of appropriate State highway safety agencies, make a detailed estimate of the cost of carrying out the Highway Safety Act of 1966 in order to provide a basis for evaluating continuing programs under the Act and to furnish Congress information necessary for authorization of appropriations for fiscal years beginning after June 30, 1969, such estimates to be submitted to Congress not later than Jan. 10, 1968.

Pub. L. 85–684, Aug. 20, 1958, 72 Stat. 635, as amended by Pub. L. 88–466, Aug. 20 1964, 78 Stat. 564, provided: “That the consent of Congress is hereby given to any two or more of the several States, and one or more of the several States and the District of Columbia, to enter into agreements or compacts—

“(1) for cooperative effort and mutual assistance in the establishment and carrying out of traffic safety programs, including, but not limited to, the enactment of uniform traffic laws, driver education and training, coordination of traffic law enforcement, research into safe automobile and highway design, and research programs of the human factors affecting traffic safety, and

“(2) for the establishment of such agencies, joint or otherwise, as they deem desirable for the establishment and carrying out of such traffic safety programs.”

(a) Each State shall have a highway safety program approved by the Secretary, designed to reduce traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom. Such programs shall be in accordance with uniform guidelines promulgated by the Secretary. Such uniform guidelines shall be expressed in terms of performance criteria. In addition, such uniform guidelines shall include programs (1) to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from motor vehicles being driven in excess of posted speed limits, (2) to encourage the proper use of occupant protection devices (including the use of safety belts and child restraint systems) by occupants of motor vehicles, (3) to reduce deaths and injuries resulting from persons driving motor vehicles while impaired by alcohol or a controlled substance, (4) to prevent accidents and reduce deaths and injuries resulting from accidents involving motor vehicles and motorcycles, (5) to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from accidents involving school buses, and 1 (6) to reduce accidents resulting from unsafe driving behavior (including aggressive or fatigued driving and distracted driving arising from the use of electronic devices in vehicles) 2 (7) to improve law enforcement services in motor vehicle accident prevention, traffic supervision, and post-accident procedures. The Secretary shall establish a highway safety program for the collection and reporting of data on traffic-related deaths and injuries by the States. Under such program, the States shall collect and report such data as the Secretary may require. The purposes of the program are to ensure national uniform data on such deaths and injuries and to allow the Secretary to make determinations for use in developing programs to reduce such deaths and injuries and making recommendations to Congress concerning legislation necessary to implement such programs. The program shall provide for annual reports to the Secretary on the efforts being made by the States in reducing deaths and injuries occurring at highway construction sites and the effectiveness and results of such efforts. The Secretary shall establish minimum reporting criteria for the program. Such criteria shall include, but not be limited to, criteria on deaths and injuries resulting from police pursuits, school bus accidents, aggressive driving, fatigued driving, distracted driving, and speeding, on traffic-related deaths and injuries at highway construction sites and on the configuration of commercial motor vehicles involved in motor vehicle accidents. Such uniform guidelines shall be promulgated by the Secretary so as to improve driver performance (including, but not limited to, driver education, driver testing to determine proficiency to operate motor vehicles, driver examinations (both physical and mental) and driver licensing) and to improve pedestrian performance and bicycle safety. In addition such uniform guidelines shall include, but not be limited to, provisions for an effective record system of accidents (including injuries and deaths resulting therefrom), accident investigations to determine the probable causes of accidents, injuries, and deaths, vehicle registration, operation, and inspection, highway design and maintenance (including lighting, markings, and surface treatment), traffic control, vehicle codes and laws, surveillance of traffic for detection and correction of high or potentially high accident locations, enforcement of light transmission standards of window glazing for passenger motor vehicles and light trucks as necessary to improve highway safety, and emergency services. Such guidelines as are applicable to State highway safety programs shall, to the extent determined appropriate by the Secretary, be applicable to federally administered areas where a Federal department or agency controls the highways or supervises traffic operations.

(b)

(1)

(A) provide that the Governor of the State shall be responsible for the administration of the program through a State highway safety agency which shall have adequate powers and be suitably equipped and organized to carry out, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, such program;

(B) authorize political subdivisions of the State to carry out local highway safety programs within their jurisdictions as a part of the State highway safety program if such local highway safety programs are approved by the Governor and are in accordance with the minimum standards established by the Secretary under this section;

(C) except as provided in paragraph (3), provide that at least 40 percent of all Federal funds apportioned under this section to the State for any fiscal year will be expended by the political subdivisions of the State, including Indian tribal governments, in carrying out local highway safety programs authorized in accordance with subparagraph (B);

(D) provide adequate and reasonable access for the safe and convenient movement of individuals with disabilities, including those in wheelchairs, across curbs constructed or replaced on or after July 1, 1976, at all pedestrian crosswalks throughout the State; and

(E) provide satisfactory assurances that the State will implement activities in support of national highway safety goals to reduce motor vehicle related fatalities that also reflect the primary data-related crash factors within a State as identified by the State highway safety planning process, including—

(i) national law enforcement mobilizations;

(ii) sustained enforcement of statutes addressing impaired driving, occupant protection, and driving in excess of posted speed limits;

(iii) an annual statewide safety belt use survey in accordance with criteria established by the Secretary for the measurement of State safety belt use rates to ensure that the measurements are accurate and representative; and

(iv) development of statewide data systems to provide timely and effective data analysis to support allocation of highway safety resources.

(2)

(3)

(c) Funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall be used to aid the States to conduct the highway safety programs approved in accordance with subsection (a), including development and implementation of manpower training programs, and of demonstration programs that the Secretary determines will contribute directly to the reduction of accidents, and deaths and injuries resulting therefrom. Such funds shall be apportioned 75 per centum in the ratio which the population of each State bears to the total population of all the States, as shown by the latest available Federal census, and 25 per centum in the ratio which the public road mileage in each State bears to the total public road mileage in all States. For the purposes of this subsection, a “public road” means any road under the jurisdiction of and maintained by a public authority and open to public travel. Public road mileage as used in this subsection shall be determined as of the end of the calendar year preceding the year in which the funds are apportioned and shall be certified to by the Governor of the State and subject to approval by the Secretary. The annual apportionment to each State shall not be less than three-quarters of 1 percent of the total apportionment, except that the apportionment to the Secretary of the Interior shall not be less than 2 percent of the total apportionment and the apportionments to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands shall not be less than one-quarter of 1 per centum of the total apportionment. The Secretary shall not apportion any funds under this subsection to any State which is not implementing a highway safety program approved by the Secretary in accordance with this section. For the purpose of the seventh sentence of this subsection, a highway safety program approved by the Secretary shall not include any requirement that a State implement such a program by adopting or enforcing any law, rule, or regulation based on a guideline promulgated by the Secretary under this section requiring any motorcycle operator eighteen years of age or older or passenger eighteen years of age or older to wear a safety helmet when operating or riding a motorcycle on the streets and highways of that State. Implementation of a highway safety program under this section shall not be construed to require the Secretary to require compliance with every uniform guideline, or with every element of every uniform guideline, in every State. Funds apportioned under this section to any State, that does not have a highway safety program approved by the Secretary or that is not implementing an approved program, shall be reduced by amounts equal to not less than 50 per centum of the amounts that would otherwise be apportioned to the State under this section, until such time as the Secretary approves such program or determines that the State is implementing an approved program, as appropriate. The Secretary shall consider the gravity of the State's failure to have or implement an approved program in determining the amount of the reduction. The Secretary shall promptly apportion to the State the funds withheld from its apportionment if he approves the State's highway safety program or determines that the State has begun implementing an approved program, as appropriate, prior to the end of the fiscal year for which the funds were withheld. If the Secretary determines that the State did not correct its failure within such period, the Secretary shall reapportion the withheld funds to the other States in accordance with the formula specified in this subsection not later than 30 days after such determination.

(d) All provisions of chapter 1 of this title that are applicable to National Highway System highway funds other than provisions relating to the apportionment formula and provisions limiting the expenditure of such funds to the Federal-aid systems, shall apply to the highway safety funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, except as determined by the Secretary to be inconsistent with this section, and except that the aggregate of all expenditures made during any fiscal year by a State and its political subdivisions (exclusive of Federal funds) for carrying out the State highway safety program (other than planning and administration) shall be available for the purpose of crediting such State during such fiscal year for the non-Federal share of the cost of any project under this section (other than one for planning or administration) without regard to whether such expenditures were actually made in connection with such project and except that, in the case of a local highway safety program carried out by an Indian tribe, if the Secretary is satisfied that an Indian tribe does not have sufficient funds available to meet the non-Federal share of the cost of such program, he may increase the Federal share of the cost thereof payable under this Act to the extent necessary. In applying such provisions of chapter 1 in carrying out this section the term “State transportation department” as used in such provisions shall mean the Governor of a State for the purposes of this section.

(e) Uniform guidelines promulgated by the Secretary to carry out this section shall be developed in cooperation with the States, their political subdivisions, appropriate Federal departments and agencies, and such other public and private organizations as the Secretary deems appropriate.

(f) The Secretary may make arrangements with other Federal departments and agencies for assistance in the preparation of uniform guidelines for the highway safety programs contemplated by subsection (a) and in the administration of such programs. Such departments and agencies are directed to cooperate in such preparation and administration, on a reimbursable basis.

(g) Nothing in this section authorizes the appropriation or expenditure of funds for (1) highway construction, maintenance, or design (other than design of safety features of highways to be incorporated into guidelines) or (2) any purpose for which funds are authorized by section 403 of this title.

[(h) Repealed. Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §1107(c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 626.]

(i)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States, notwithstanding the issuance of any patent and including rights-of-way running through the reservation;

(B) all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States, whether within the original or subsequently acquired territory thereof and whether within or without the limits of a State; and

(C) all Indian allotments, the Indian titles to which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through such allotments.

(j)

(k)(1) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Secretary shall make a grant to any State which includes, as part of its highway safety program under section 402 of this title, the use of a comprehensive computerized safety recordkeeping system designed to correlate data regarding traffic accidents, drivers, motor vehicles, and roadways. Any such grant may only be used by such State to establish and maintain a comprehensive computerized traffic safety recordkeeping system or to obtain and operate components to support highway safety priority programs identified by the Secretary under this section. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if a report, list, schedule, or survey is prepared by or for a State or political subdivision thereof under this subsection, such report, list, schedule, or survey shall not be admitted as evidence or used in any suit or action for damages arising out of any matter mentioned in such report, list, schedule, or survey.

(2) No State may receive a grant under this subsection in more than two fiscal years.

(3) The amount of the grant to any State under this subsection for the first fiscal year such State is eligible for a grant under this subsection shall equal 10 per centum of the amount apportioned to such State for fiscal year 1985 under this section. The amount of a grant to any State under this subsection for the second fiscal year such State is eligible for a grant under this subsection shall equal 10 per centum of the amount apportioned to such State for fiscal year 1986 under this section.

(4) A State is eligible for a grant under this subsection if—

(A) it certifies to the Secretary that it has in operation a computerized traffic safety recordkeeping system and identifies proposed means of upgrading the system acceptable to the Secretary; or

(B) it provides to the Secretary a plan acceptable to the Secretary for establishing and maintaining a computerized traffic safety recordkeeping system.

(5) The Secretary, after making the deduction authorized by the second sentence of subsection (c) of this section for fiscal years 1985 and 1986, shall set aside 10 per centum of the remaining funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section for the purpose of making grants under this subsection. Funds set aside under this subsection shall remain available for the fiscal year authorized and for the succeeding fiscal year and any amounts remaining unexpended at the end of such period shall be apportioned in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section.

(*l*)

(m)

(Added Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §101, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 731; amended Pub. L. 90–495, §13, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 822; Pub. L. 91–605, title II, §§202(c), (d), (e), 203(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1740, 1741; Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §§207, 215–217, 219, 228, 229, 231, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 285, 290, 293, 294; Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §§204, 208(a), 211, 212, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 453, 454, 455; Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §207(a), (b)(1), (c), (d), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2731, 2732; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §1107(c)–(e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 626; Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §208, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2140; Pub. L. 98–363, §§3(a), 5, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 436; Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §133(b)(20), title II, §206, Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 172, 221; Pub. L. 102–240, title II, §2002, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2070; Pub. L. 104–66, title I, §1121(d), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 724; Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), title II, §2001(a)–(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 193, 323, 324; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2002(a)–(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1521; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §303(a)–(c)(1), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619.)

This Act, referred to in subsec. (d), probably means Pub. L. 93–87, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 250. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

The date of enactment of this subsection, referred to in subsec. (*l*), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2008**—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(1)(A), repealed amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(b)(2). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(1)(B), renumbered Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(b)(1), (3), (4). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(a), in fifth sentence, substituted “The annual apportionment to each State shall not be less than three-quarters of 1 percent” for “The annual apportionment to each State shall not be less than one-half of 1 per centum”.

Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(b), in first sentence, substituted “for which” for “through” and inserted “is appropriate” before period at end.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(a)(4), inserted “aggressive driving, fatigued driving, distracted driving,” after “school bus accidents,” in tenth sentence.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(a)(1), struck out “and to increase public awareness of the benefit of motor vehicles equipped with airbags” before comma at end.

Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(a)(2), (3), added cl. (6) and redesignated former cl. (6) as (7).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(b)(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (b)(1) by redesignating cl. (6) as (7) and could not be executed, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(1)(A).

Subsec. (b)(1)(E). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(b)(1)–(3), formerly §2002(b)(1), (3), (4), as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(1)(B), added subpar. (E).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(c)(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (c) by substituting “2 percent” for “three-fourths of 1 percent” in sixth sentence, was executed by making the substitution in fifth sentence to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(c)(1). See below.

Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(c)(1), struck out second sentence which read as follows: “Such funds shall be subject to a deduction not to exceed 5 per centum for the necessary costs of administering the provisions of this section, and the remainder shall be apportioned among the several States.”

Subsecs. (*l*), (m). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(d), added subsecs. (*l*) and (m).

**1998**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–178, §2001(a), in fourth sentence, substituted “(4) to prevent accidents and” for “(4) to”, in eighth sentence, struck out “include information obtained by the Secretary under section 4007 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and” before “provide for annual reports to the Secretary”, and in twelfth sentence, inserted “enforcement of light transmission standards of window glazing for passenger motor vehicles and light trucks as necessary to improve highway safety,” before “and emergency services”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–178, §2001(b), inserted heading, redesignated pars. (3) to (5) as (1) to (3), respectively, substituted “paragraph (3)” for “paragraph (5)” in par. (1)(C) and “paragraph (1)(C)” for “paragraph (3)(C)” in par. (2), and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which read as follows:

“(b)(1) The Secretary shall not approve any State highway safety program under this section which does not—

“(A) provide that the Governor of the State shall be responsible for the administration of the program through a State highway safety agency which shall have adequate powers, and be suitably equipped and organized to carry out, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, such program.

“(B) authorize political subdivisions of such State to carry out local highway safety programs within their jurisdictions as a part of the State highway safety program if such local highway safety programs are approved by the Governor and are in accordance with the uniform guidelines of the Secretary promulgated under this section.

“(C) provide that at least 40 per centum of all Federal funds apportioned under this section to such State for any fiscal year will be expended by the political subdivisions of such State in carrying out local highway safety programs authorized in accordance with subparagraph (B) of this paragraph.

“(D) provide adequate and reasonable access for the safe and convenient movement of physically handicapped persons, including those in wheelchairs, across curbs constructed or replaced on or after July 1, 1976, at all pedestrian crosswalks throughout the State.

“(E) provide for programs (which may include financial incentives and disincentives) to encourage the use of safety belts by drivers of, and passengers in, motor vehicles.

“(2) The Secretary is authorized to waive the requirement of subparagraph (C) of paragraph (1) of this subsection, in whole or in part, for a fiscal year for any State whenever he determines that there is an insufficient number of local highway safety programs to justify the expenditure in such State of such percentage of Federal funds during such fiscal year.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §2001(c), in sixth sentence, inserted “the apportionment to the Secretary of the Interior shall not be less than three-fourths of 1 percent of the total apportionment and” before “the apportionments to the Virgin Islands”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–178, §1212(a)(2)(A)(i), substituted “State transportation department” for “State highway department”.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 105–178, §2001(d), inserted heading and amended text of subsec. (i) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “For the purpose of the application of this section on Indian reservations, ‘State’ and ‘Governor of a State’ includes the Secretary of the Interior and ‘political subdivision of a State’ includes an Indian tribe: *Provided*, That, notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraph (C) of subsection (b)(1) hereof, 95 per centum of the funds apportioned to the Secretary of the Interior after date of enactment, shall be expended by Indian tribes to carry out highway safety programs within their jurisdictions: *And provided further*, That the provisions of subparagraph (E) of subsection (b)(1) hereof shall be applicable except in those tribal jurisdictions in which the Secretary determines such programs would not be practicable.”

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–178, §2001(e), amended heading and text of subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall, not later than September 1, 1987, begin a rulemaking process to determine those programs most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. Not later than April 1, 1988, the Secretary shall promulgate a final rule establishing those programs determined to be most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. If such rule is promulgated by April 1, 1988, then it shall take effect October 1, 1988. If such rule is not promulgated by April 1, 1988, it shall take effect October 1, 1989. After a rule is promulgated in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary may from time to time thereafter revise such rule under a rulemaking process described in the first sentence of this subsection. Any rule under this subsection shall be promulgated taking into account consideration of the States having a major role in establishing programs described in the first sentence of this subsection. When a rule promulgated in accordance with this subsection takes effect, only those programs established by such rule as most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths shall be eligible to receive Federal financial assistance under this section.”

**1995**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–66 struck out after fourth sentence “If the Secretary does not designate as priority programs those programs described in the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the reasons for not prioritizing such programs.”

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §2002(a), inserted after third sentence “In addition, such uniform guidelines shall include programs (1) to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from motor vehicles being driven in excess of posted speed limits, (2) to encourage the proper use of occupant protection devices (including the use of safety belts and child restraint systems) by occupants of motor vehicles and to increase public awareness of the benefit of motor vehicles equipped with airbags, (3) to reduce deaths and injuries resulting from persons driving motor vehicles while impaired by alcohol or a controlled substance, (4) to reduce deaths and injuries resulting from accidents involving motor vehicles and motorcycles, (5) to reduce injuries and deaths resulting from accidents involving school buses, and (6) to improve law enforcement services in motor vehicle accident prevention, traffic supervision, and post-accident procedures. If the Secretary does not designate as priority programs those programs described in the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report describing the reasons for not prioritizing such programs. The Secretary shall establish a highway safety program for the collection and reporting of data on traffic-related deaths and injuries by the States. Under such program, the States shall collect and report such data as the Secretary may require. The purposes of the program are to ensure national uniform data on such deaths and injuries and to allow the Secretary to make determinations for use in developing programs to reduce such deaths and injuries and making recommendations to Congress concerning legislation necessary to implement such programs. The program shall include information obtained by the Secretary under section 4007 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 and provide for annual reports to the Secretary on the efforts being made by the States in reducing deaths and injuries occurring at highway construction sites and the effectiveness and results of such efforts. The Secretary shall establish minimum reporting criteria for the program. Such criteria shall include, but not be limited to, criteria on deaths and injuries resulting from police pursuits, school bus accidents, and speeding, on traffic-related deaths and injuries at highway construction sites and on the configuration of commercial motor vehicles involved in motor vehicle accidents.”

Subsec. (b)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 102–240, §2002(b), added pars. (3) to (5).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–240, §2002(c), substituted “National Highway System” for “Federal-aid primary”.

**1987**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–17, §206(a), (b), substituted “guidelines” for “standards” wherever appearing and struck out provisions authorizing the Secretary to temporarily amend or waive standards in public interest for purpose of evaluating new or different highway safety programs instituted on an experimental, pilot or demonstration basis.

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100–17, §206(a), substituted “guidelines” for “standards”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(D) to (F). Pub. L. 100–17, §206(c), redesignated subpars. (E) and (F) as (D) and (E), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “provide for comprehensive driver training programs, including (1) the initiation of a State program for driver education in the school systems or for a significant expansion and improvement of such a program already in existence, to be administered by appropriate school officials under the supervision of the Governor as set forth in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph; (2) the training of qualified school instructors and their certification; (3) appropriate regulation of other driver training schools, including licensing of the schools and certification of their instructors; (4) adult driver training programs, and programs for the retraining of selected drivers; (5) adequate research, development and procurement of practice driving facilities, simulators, and other similar teaching aids for both school and other driver training use, and (6) driver education programs, including research, that will assure greater safety for bicyclists using public roads in such State.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §§133(b)(20), 206(a), substituted “Such” for “For the fiscal years ending June 30, 1967, June 30, 1968, and June 30, 1969, such funds shall be apportioned 75 per centum on the basis of population and 25 per centum as the Secretary in his administrative discretion may deem appropriate and thereafter such”, “American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands” for “and American Samoa”, “The Secretary shall” for “After December 31, 1969, the Secretary shall”, and “guideline” for “standard” wherever appearing.

Subsecs. (e) to (g). Pub. L. 100–17, §206(a), substituted “guidelines” for “standards”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 100–17, §206(d), amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: “The Secretary of Transportation shall, not later than September 1, 1981, begin a rulemaking process to determine those programs most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. Such rule shall be promulgated taking into account consideration of the States having a major role in establishing these programs. Not later than April 1, 1982, the Secretary shall promulgate a final rule establishing those programs determined most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths. Before such rule shall take effect, it shall be transmitted to Congress. If such rule is not transmitted by April 1, 1982, it shall not take effect before October 1, 1983. If such rule is transmitted by April 1, 1982, it shall take effect October 1, 1982, unless before June 1, 1982, either House of Congress by resolution disapproves such rule. If such rule is disapproved by either House of Congress, the Secretary shall not apportion or obligate any amount authorized to carry out this section for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1983, or any subsequent fiscal year, unless specifically authorized to do so by a statute enacted after the date of enactment of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981. When a rule promulgated in accordance with this subsection takes effect, only those programs established by such rule as most effective in reducing accidents, injuries, and deaths shall be eligible to receive Federal financial assistance under this chapter.”

**1984**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–363, §3(a), inserted “, except that the apportionments to the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa shall be not less than one-quarter of 1 per centum of the total apportionment” in sixth sentence.

Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 98–363, §5, added subsec. (k).

**1983**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–424 struck out provision that apportionments to Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa were not to be less than one third of 1 per centum of total apportionment from provision relating to the minimum apportionment for each State.

**1981**—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 97–35, §1107(e), struck out subpar. (D) which related to aggregate expenditure of funds, and redesignated subpars. (E) to (G) as (D) to (F), respectively.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97–35, §1107(c), struck out subsec. (h) which related to continuation in effect of uniform safety standards promulgated on or before July 1, 1973.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 97–35, §1107(d), substituted provisions requiring the Secretary to begin by Sept. 1, 1981, a rulemaking process to determine the most effective programs to reduce accidents, injuries, and deaths, and procedures applicable to the process, for provisions authorizing the Secretary to make incentive grants to States most progressive in reducing traffic fatalities, criteria, duration, etc., of such grants, and authorization of appropriations.

**1978**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–599, §207(a), inserted “including, but not limited to, such programs for identifying accident causes, adopting measures to reduce accidents, and evaluating effectiveness of such measures” after “one or more States”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 95–599, §207(b)(1), substituted “State highway safety agency” for “State agency”.

Subsec. (b)(1)(G). Pub. L. 95–599, §207(c), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–599, §207(d), inserted “(other than planning and administration)” after “State highway safety program” and “(other than one for planning or administration)” after “cost of any project under this section”.

**1976**—Subsec. (c), sixth sentence. Pub. L. 94–280, §211, inserted exception provision requirement that the apportionments to the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa be not less than one-third of 1 per centum of the total apportionment.

Subsec. (c), eighth and ninth sentences. Pub. L. 94–280, §208(a), inserted eighth and ninth sentences: excluding from any highway safety program approved by the Secretary any requirement that a State implement a Federal safety helmet wearing standard for operators or passengers of motorcycles by adopting or enforcing any law, rule, or regulation based on the Federal standard, and authorizing State implementation of a highway safety program without compliance with every uniform standard in every State; and deleted prior eighth, ninth, and tenth sentences providing for: a 10 per centum reduction of funds apportioned to a State on or after January 1, 1970, for nonimplementation of a highway safety program approved by the Secretary during such a period; suspension of application of such provision during necessary periods when in the public interest; and reapportionment of withheld amounts to other States in accordance with applicable provisions of law, now covered in the tenth through thirteenth sentences.

Subsec. (c), tenth through thirteenth sentences. Pub. L. 94–280, §212, inserted provisions for: a 50 per centum reduction of funds apportioned to a State during time of absence or nonimplementation of a highway safety program; gravity rule in determining amount of reduction of funds; apportionment to a State of withheld funds prior to the end of the fiscal year for which the funds were withheld in event of approval of or State implementation of a highway safety program; and for reapportionment of funds to other States in accordance with the prescribed formula not later than 30 days after determination of absence of correction by a State, similar provisions being formerly covered in prior eighth, ninth, and tenth sentences providing for: a 10 per centum reduction of funds apportioned to a State on or after January 1, 1970, for nonimplementation of a highway safety program approved by the Secretary during such a period; suspension of application of such provision during necessary periods when in the public interest; and reapportionment of withheld amounts to other States in accordance with applicable provisions of law.

Subsec. (j)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 94–280, §204, added par. (3) provisions respecting incentive safety grants, struck out prior par. (3) provisions limiting incentive awards authorized by this section to 25 per centum of each State's apportionment as authorized by this chapter, and added pars. (4) and (5).

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §231(a), provided for promulgation of uniform standards so as to improve bicycle safety.

Subsec. (b)(1)(E)(6). Pub. L. 93–87, §231(b), added item (6) of subpar. (E).

Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 93–87, §228, added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §§215–217, provided for use of funds for development and implementation of manpower training programs, and of demonstration programs that the Secretary determines will contribute directly to the reduction of accidents, and deaths and injuries resulting therefrom and inserted “Such funds” before “shall be subject to a deduction”; provided for the determination of public road mileage as of the end of the calendar year preceding the year in which the funds are apportioned and shall be certified to by the Governor of the State and subject to approval by the Secretary; and increased the annual apportionment to each State from “one-third of 1 per centum” to “one-half of 1 per centum” of the total apportionment, respectively.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 93–87, §207(b), inserted at end of first sentence provision that in the case of a local highway safety program carried out by an Indian tribe, if the Secretary is satisfied that an Indian tribe does not have sufficient funds available to meet the non-Federal share of the cost of such program, he may increase the Federal share of the cost thereof payable under this Act to the extent necessary.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 93–87, §229, substituted provisions for continuation of uniform safety standards promulgated under this section on or before July 1, 1973, unless otherwise specifically provided by law enacted after Aug. 13, 1973, and prohibiting the Secretary from promulgating any other uniform safety standard under this section (including by revision of a standard continued in effect by the preceding sentence) unless otherwise specifically provided by law enacted after Aug. 13, 1973, for former prohibition against promulgation of any other uniform safety standard unless at least 90 days prior to the effective date of such standard the Secretary shall have submitted such standard to Congress, except in the case of State safety program elements with respect to which uniform standards have been promulgated by the Secretary before Dec. 31, 1970.

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 93–87, §207(a), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 93–87, §219, added subsec. (j).

**1970**—Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 91–605, §203(A), required the Governor of a State be responsible for the administration of the State highway safety program through a State agency suitably organized and possessed of adequate powers to carry out such programs to the satisfaction of the Secretary.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–605, §202(c), provided a formula for apportionments to States, after June 30, 1969, to carry out this section, whereby 75% of the appropriation is based on the ratio which the population of each State bears to the total population of all the States and 25% of the appropriation is based on the ratio which the public road mileage in each State bears to the total public road mileage in all States, defined “public road”, provided the annual apportionment to each State not to be less than one-third of 1% of the total apportionment, struck out provisions authorizing appropriations after June 30, 1969 to be apportioned as Congress shall provide and struck out provisions mandating the Secretary to report to Congress his recommendations for a nondiscretionary formula of apportionment for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1970, and the fiscal years thereafter.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–605, §202(d), provided that the aggregate of all expenditures made during any fiscal year by a State and its political subdivisions for carrying out the State highway safety program be available for crediting such State for the non-Federal share of the cost of any project under this section without regard to whether such expenditures were actually made in connection with such project.

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91–605, §202(e), added subsec. (h).

**1968**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90–495 substituted “December 31, 1969” for “December 31, 1968” as the last day on which the Secretary may apportion funds to States which are not implementing highway safety programs approved by the Secretary and substituted “January 1, 1970” for “January 1, 1969” as the date after which funds apportioned to States not having approved safety programs shall be reduced until a safety program is implemented.

Amendment by sections 101(s)(2) and 303(c)(1) of Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §303(a), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619, provided that the amendment made by section 303(a) is effective Oct. 1, 2007.

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2022, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1544, provided that: “Sections 2002 through 2007 of this title [amending this section and sections 403, 405, 406, 408, and 410 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 403 and 410 of this title] (and the amendments and repeals made by such sections) shall take effect October 1, 2005.”

Section 2008 of title II of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “Except as otherwise provided, this title [amending this section and sections 403 and 410 of this title and sections 1392, 1413, and 1414 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 401, 403, and 410 of this title and section 1392 of Title 15, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 401 of this title], including the amendments made by this title, shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], shall apply to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after September 30, 1991, and shall not apply to funds appropriated or made available on or before such date of enactment.”

Amendment by section 3(a) of Pub. L. 98–363 applicable to fiscal years beginning after July 17, 1984, see section 3(c) of Pub. L. 98–363, set out as a note under section 401 of this title.

Section 1107(c) of Pub. L. 97–35 provided that the amendment made by that section is effective Oct. 1, 1982.

Section 207(b)(2) of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [amending this section] shall take effect January 1, 1979.”

Section 203(b) of Pub. L. 91–605 provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section] shall take effect December 31, 1971.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 90–495 effective Aug. 23, 1968, see section 37 of Pub. L. 90–495, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1404, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1228, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §101(s)(2), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1577, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) to enable and encourage children, including those with disabilities, to walk and bicycle to school;

“(2) to make bicycling and walking to school a safer and more appealing transportation alternative, thereby encouraging a healthy and active lifestyle from an early age; and

“(3) to facilitate the planning, development, and implementation of projects and activities that will improve safety and reduce traffic, fuel consumption, and air pollution in the vicinity of schools.

“(c)

“(1)

“(A) the total student enrollment in primary and middle schools in each State; bears to

“(B) the total student enrollment in primary and middle schools in all States.

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(3)

“(g)

“(1)

“(A) operate a national safe routes to school clearinghouse;

“(B) develop information and educational programs on safe routes to school; and

“(C) provide technical assistance and disseminate techniques and strategies used for successful safe routes to school programs.

“(2)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(i)

“(j)

“(k)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1411, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1234, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A) by improving the quality of data pertaining to public road hazards and design features that affect or increase the severity of motor vehicle crashes;

“(B) by developing and carrying out a public awareness campaign to educate State and local transportation officials, public safety officials, and motorists regarding the extent to which public road hazards and design features are a factor in motor vehicle crashes; and

“(C) by promoting public road safety research and technology transfer activities.

“(2)

“(3)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) to operate a national bicycle and pedestrian clearinghouse;

“(B) to develop information and educational programs; and

“(C) to disseminate techniques and strategies for improving bicycle and pedestrian safety.

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1906, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1468, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)(A) has enacted and is enforcing a law that prohibits the use of racial profiling in the enforcement of State laws regulating the use of Federal-aid highways; and

“(B) is maintaining and allows public inspection of statistical information for each motor vehicle stop made by a law enforcement officer on a Federal-aid highway in the State regarding the race and ethnicity of the driver and any passengers; or

“(2) provides assurances satisfactory to the Secretary that the State is undertaking activities to comply with the requirements of paragraph (1).

“(b)

“(1) in the case of a State eligible under subsection (a)(1), for costs of—

“(A) collecting and maintaining of data on traffic stops;

“(B) evaluating the results of the data; and

“(C) developing and implementing programs to reduce the occurrence of racial profiling, including programs to train law enforcement officers; and

“(2) in the case of a State eligible under subsection (a)(2), for costs of—

“(A) activities to comply with the requirements of subsection (a)(1); and

“(B) any eligible activity under paragraph (1).

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2009, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1535, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(h)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) Reduce alcohol-impaired or drug-impaired operation of motor vehicles.

“(2) Increase use of seat belts by occupants of motor vehicles.

“(c)

“(d)

“(1) relying on States to provide the law enforcement resources for the campaigns out of funding available under this section and sections 402, 405, 406, and 410 of title 23, United States Code; and

“(2) providing out of National Highway Traffic Safety Administration resources most of the means necessary for national advertising and education efforts associated with the law enforcement campaigns.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2010, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1535, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(i)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(1)

“(A) for the first fiscal year for which the State will receive a grant under this section, at least 1 of the 6 criteria listed in paragraph (2); and

“(B) for the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth fiscal years for which the State will receive a grant under this section, at least 2 of the 6 criteria listed in paragraph (2).

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(D)

“(E)

“(F)

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) improvements to motorcyclist safety training curricula;

“(B) improvements in program delivery of motorcycle training to both urban and rural areas, including—

“(i) procurement or repair of practice motorcycles;

“(ii) instructional materials;

“(iii) mobile training units; and

“(iv) leasing or purchasing facilities for closed-course motorcycle skill training;

“(C) measures designed to increase the recruitment or retention of motorcyclist safety training instructors; and

“(D) public awareness, public service announcements, and other outreach programs to enhance driver awareness of motorcyclists, such as the ‘share-the-road’ safety messages developed under subsection (g).

“(2)

“(f)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the presence of motorcycles on or near roadways; and

“(B) safe driving practices that avoid injury to motorcyclists.

“(3)

“(4)

“(g)

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2014, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1540, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) develop and implement a comprehensive program to promote compliance with State and local laws intended to increase the safe and efficient operation of first responder vehicles;

“(2) compile a list of best practices by State and local governments to promote compliance with the laws described in paragraph (1);

“(3) analyze State and local laws intended to increase the safe and efficient operation of first responder vehicles; and

“(4) develop model legislation to increase the safe and efficient operation of first responder vehicles.

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2017(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1542, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(n)(2), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 86, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1202(e), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 170, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1212(i), formerly §1212(*o*), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 196; renumbered §1212(i), Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9003(e)(5), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 840, and amended by Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(8), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1114; Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(8), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(8), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(8), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(8), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(8), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(8), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 326; Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(8), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(8), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(8), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(8), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1111(b)(4), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1171, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) to operate a national bicycle and pedestrian clearinghouse;

“(B) to develop information and educational programs; and

“(C) to disseminate techniques and strategies for improving bicycle and pedestrian safety.

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2001(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 325, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Section 1088 of Pub. L. 102–240 directed Secretary to conduct a study on progress being made by States in adopting and implementing uniform system for handicapped parking established in regulations issued pursuant to Pub. L. 100–641 (102 Stat. 3335), set out below, and, not later than 2 years after Dec. 18, 1991, submit to Congress the results of the study.

Section 2009(b) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “If an obligation limitation is placed on sums authorized to be appropriated to carry out section 402 of title 23, United States Code, for fiscal year 1993 or subsequent fiscal years, any amounts made available out of such funds to carry out sections 2004 and 2006 of this Act [amending section 410 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 403 and 410 of this title] and section 211(b) of the National Driver Register Act of 1982 [Pub. L. 97–364, set out as a note under section 401 of this title] shall be reduced proportionally.”

Pub. L. 100–641, §3, Nov. 9, 1988, 102 Stat. 3335, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) which establish a uniform system for handicapped parking designed to enhance the safety of handicapped individuals, and

“(2) which encourage adoption of such system by all the States.

In issuing such regulations, the Secretary shall consult the States.

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) adopts the International Symbol of Access (as adopted by Rehabilitation International in 1969 at its 11th World Congress on Rehabilitation of the Disabled) as the only recognized symbol for the identification of vehicles used for transporting individuals with handicaps which limit or impair the ability to walk;

“(B) provides for the issuance of license plates displaying the International Symbol of Access for vehicles which will be used to transport individuals with handicaps which limit or impair the ability to walk, under criteria determined by the State;

“(C) provides for the issuance of removable windshield placards (displaying the International Symbol of Access) to individuals with handicaps which limit or impair the ability to walk, under criteria determined by the State;

“(D) provides that fees charged for the licensing or registration of a vehicle used to transport individuals with handicaps do not exceed fees charged for the licensing or registration of other similar vehicles operated in the State; and

“(E) for purposes of easy access parking, recognizes licenses and placards displaying the International Symbol of Access which have been issued by other States and countries.

“(2)

Section 161 of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that:

“(a)

“(1) any problems encountered by handicapped persons in parking motor vehicles; and

“(2) whether or not each State should establish parking privileges for handicapped persons and grant to nonresidents of the State the same parking privileges as are granted to residents.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) of ensuring that parking privileges for handicapped persons may be utilized whether a handicapped person is a passenger or a driver;

“(B) of the use of the international symbol of access as the exclusive symbol identifying parking zones for handicapped persons and identifying vehicles that may park in such parking zones;

“(C) of displaying the international symbol of access on license plates or license plate decals and on identification placards; and

“(D) of designing any identification placard so that the placard is easily visible when placed in the interior of any vehicle.

“(3)

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under section 161(c)(3) of Pub. L. 100–17, set out above, is listed on page 133), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.]

Section 204 of Pub. L. 100–17 provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 98–78, title III, §321, Aug. 15, 1983, 97 Stat. 473, provided that:

“(a) The Congress finds that—

“(1) in this Nation there exist millions of handicapped people with severe physical impairments including partial paralysis, limb amputation, chronic heart condition, emphysema, arthritis, rheumatism, and other debilitating conditions which greatly limit their personal mobility;

“(2) these people reside in each of the several States and have need and reason to travel from one State to another for business and recreational purposes;

“(3) each State maintains the right to establish and enforce its own code of regulations regarding the appropriate use of motor vehicles operating within its jurisdiction;

“(4) within a given State handicapped individuals are oftentimes granted special parking privileges to help offset the limitations imposed by their physical impairment;

“(5) these special parking privileges vary from State to State as do the methods and means of identifying vehicles used by disabled individuals, all of which serve to impede both the enforcement of special parking privileges and the handicapped individual's freedom to properly utilize such privileges;

“(6) there are many efforts currently underway to help alleviate these problems through public awareness and administrative change as encouraged by concerned individuals and national associations directly involved in matters relating to the issue of special parking privileges for disabled individuals; and

“(7) despite these efforts the fact remains that many States may need to give the matter legislative consideration to ensure a proper resolution of this issue, especially as it relates to law enforcement and placard responsibility.

“(b) The Congress encourages each of the several States working through the National Governors Conference to—

“(1) adopt the International Symbol of Access as the only recognized and adopted symbol to be used to identify vehicles carrying those citizens with acknowledged physical impairments;

“(2) grant to vehicles displaying this symbol the special parking privileges which a State may provide; and

“(3) permit the International Symbol of Access to appear either on a specialized license plate, or on a specialized placard placed in the vehicles so as to be clearly visible through the front windshield, or on both such places.

“(c) It is the sense of the Congress that agreements of reciprocity relating to the special parking privileges granted handicapped individuals should be developed and entered into by and between the several States so as to—

“(1) facilitate the free and unencumbered use between the several States, of the special parking privileges afforded those people with acknowledged handicapped conditions, without regard to the State of residence of the handicapped person utilizing such privilege;

“(2) improve the ease of law enforcement in each State of its special parking privileges and to facilitate the handling of violators; and

“(3) ensure that motor vehicles carrying individuals with acknowledged handicapped conditions be given fair and predictable treatment throughout the Nation.

“(d) As used in this section the term ‘State’ means the several States and the District of Columbia.

“(e) The Secretary of Transportation shall provide a copy of this section to the Governor of each State and the Mayor of the District of Columbia.”

Section 210 of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that the Secretary of Transportation make a full and complete study of the effects of the provision contained in the eighth sentence of subsec. (c) of this section and that the Secretary report the results of such study to Congress not later than one year after Nov. 6, 1978.

Section 214 of Pub. L. 95–599 provided that the Secretary of Transportation undertake to enter into arrangements with the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a study and investigation of methods of encouraging the use of safety belts by drivers of, and passengers in, motor vehicles and that the National Academy of Sciences report to the Secretary and the Congress not later than one year after Nov. 6, 1978, on the results of such study.

Section 208(b) of Pub. L. 94–280 provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall, in cooperation with the States, conduct an evaluation of the adequacy and appropriateness of all uniform safety standards established under section 402 of title 23 of the United States Code which are in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [May 5, 1976]. The Secretary shall report his findings, together with his recommendations, including but not limited to, the need for revision or consolidation of existing standards and the establishment of new standards, to Congress on or before July 1, 1977. Until such report is submitted, the Secretary shall not, pursuant to subsection (c) of section 402 of title 23, United States Code, withhold any apportionment or any funds apportioned to any State because such State is failing to implement a highway safety program approved by the Secretary in accordance with such section 402.”

Section 203 of Pub. L. 89–564 required the Secretary of Commerce to report to Congress by July 1, 1967, all standards to be initially applied in carrying out section 402 of this title.

Section 104 of Pub. L. 89–564 authorized the appropriation of $67,000,000, $100,000,000, and $100,000,000 for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1967, 1968, and 1969, respectively, to carry out this section.

Section 204 of Pub. L. 89–564, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, directed the Secretary to make a thorough and complete study of the relationship between the consumption of alcohol and its effect upon highway safety and drivers of motor vehicles, in consultation with such other government and private agencies as may be necessary. Such study shall cover review and evaluation of State and local laws and enforcement methods and procedures relating to driving under the influence of alcohol, State and local programs for the treatment of alcoholism, and such other aspects of this overall problem as may be useful. The results of this study were required to be reported to the Congress by the Secretary on or before July 1, 1967, with recommendations for legislation if warranted.

Ex. Ord. No. 13043, Apr. 16, 1997, 62 F.R. 19217, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the Highway Safety Act of 1966, 23 U.S.C. 402 and 403, as amended, section 7902(c) of title 5, United States Code, and section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 668, as amended, and in order to require that Federal employees use seat belts while on official business; to require that motor vehicle occupants use seat belts in national park areas and on Department of Defense (“Defense”) installations; to encourage Tribal Governments to adopt and enforce seat belt policies and programs for occupants of motor vehicles traveling on highways in Indian Country; and to encourage Federal contractors, subcontractors, and grantees to adopt and enforce on-the-job seat belt use policies and programs, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policies*. (a) *Seat Belt Use by Federal Employees*. Each Federal employee occupying any seating position of a motor vehicle on official business, whose seat is equipped with a seat belt, shall have the seat belt properly fastened at all times when the vehicle is in motion.

(b) *Seat Belt Use in National Parks and on Defense Installations*. Each operator and passenger occupying any seating position of a motor vehicle in a national park area or on a Defense installation, whose seat is equipped with a seat belt or child restraint system, shall have the seat belt or child restraint system properly fastened, as required by law, at all times when the vehicle is in motion.

(c) *Seat Belt Use by Government Contractors, Subcontractors and Grantees*. Each Federal agency, in contracts, subcontracts, and grants entered into after the date of this order, shall seek to encourage contractors, subcontractors, and grantees to adopt and enforce on-the-job seat belt policies and programs for their employees when operating company-owned, rented, or personally owned vehicles.

(d) *Tribal Governments*. Tribal Governments are encouraged to adopt and enforce seat belt policies and programs for occupants of motor vehicles traveling on highways in Indian Country that are subject to their jurisdiction.

*Scope of Order*. All agencies of the executive branch are directed to promulgate rules and take other appropriate measures within their existing programs to further the policies of this order. This includes, but is not limited to, conducting education, awareness, and other appropriate programs for Federal employees about the importance of wearing seat belts and the consequences of not wearing them. It also includes encouraging Federal contractors, subcontractors, and grantees to conduct such programs. In addition, the National Park Service and the Department of Defense are directed to initiate rulemaking to consider regulatory changes with respect to enhanced seat belt use requirements and standard (primary) enforcement of such requirements in national park areas and on Defense installations, consistent with the policies outlined in this order, and to widely publicize and actively enforce such regulations. The term “agency” as used in this order means an Executive department, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 101, or any employing unit or authority of the Federal Government, other than those of the legislative and judicial branches.

*Coordination*. The Secretary of Transportation shall provide leadership and guidance to the heads of executive branch agencies to assist them with the employee seat belt programs established pursuant to this order. The Secretary of Transportation shall also cooperate and consult with the legislative and judicial branches of the Government to encourage and help them to adopt seat belt use programs.

*Reporting Requirements*. The Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the heads of executive branch agencies, and after consultation with the judicial and legislative branches of Government, shall submit an annual report to the President. The report shall include seat belt use rates and statistics of crashes, injuries, and related costs involving Federal employees on official business and occupants of motor vehicles driven in national park areas, on Defense installations, and on highways in Indian Country. The report also shall identify specific agency programs that have made significant progress towards achieving the goals of this order or are notable and deserving of recognition. All agencies of the executive branch shall provide information to, and otherwise cooperate with, the Secretary of Transportation to assist with the preparation of the annual report.

*Other Powers and Duties*. Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or alter the powers and duties of the heads of the various Federal agencies pursuant to the Highway Safety Act of 1966, 23 U.S.C. 402 and 403, as amended, section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, 29 U.S.C. 668, as amended, or sections 7901, 7902, and 7903 of title 5, United States Code, nor shall it be construed to affect any right, duty, or procedure under the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. 151 *et seq*.

*General Provisions*. (a) Executive Order 12566 of September 26, 1986, is revoked. To the extent that this order is inconsistent with any provisions of any prior Executive order, this order shall control.

(b) If any provision of this order or application of any such provision is held to be invalid, the remainder of this order and other applications of such provision shall not be affected.

(c) Nothing in this order shall be construed to create a new cause of action against the United States, or to alter in any way the United States liability under the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. 2671-2680.

(d) The Secretary of Defense shall implement the provisions of this order insofar as practicable for vehicles of the Department of Defense.

(e) The Secretary of the Treasury and the Attorney General, consistent with their protective and law enforcement responsibilities, shall determine the extent to which the requirements of this order apply to the protective and law enforcement activities of their respective agencies.

William J. Clinton.

Ex. Ord. No. 13513, Oct. 1, 2009, 74 F.R. 51225, provided:

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 7902(c) of title 5, United States Code, and the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, 40 U.S.C. 101 *et seq*. [see Short Title of 1949 Act note set out under section 101 of Title 41, Public Contracts], and in order to demonstrate Federal leadership in improving safety on our roads and highways and to enhance the efficiency of Federal contracting, it is hereby ordered as follows:

*Policy*. With nearly 3 million civilian employees, the Federal Government can and should demonstrate leadership in reducing the dangers of text messaging while driving. Recent deadly crashes involving drivers distracted by text messaging while behind the wheel highlight a growing danger on our roads. Text messaging causes drivers to take their eyes off the road and at least one hand off the steering wheel, endangering both themselves and others. Every day, Federal employees drive Government-owned, Government-leased, or Government-rented vehicles (collectively, GOV) or privately-owned vehicles (POV) on official Government business, and some Federal employees use Government-supplied electronic devices to text or e-mail while driving. A Federal Government-wide prohibition on the use of text messaging while driving on official business or while using Government-supplied equipment will help save lives, reduce injuries, and set an example for State and local governments, private employers, and individual drivers. Extending this policy to cover Federal contractors is designed to promote economy and efficiency in Federal procurement. Federal contractors and contractor employees who refrain from the unsafe practice of text messaging while driving in connection with Government business are less likely to experience disruptions to their operations that would adversely impact Federal procurement.

*Text Messaging While Driving by Federal Employees*. Federal employees shall not engage in text messaging (a) when driving GOV, or when driving POV while on official Government business, or (b) when using electronic equipment supplied by the Government while driving.

*Scope of Order*. (a) All agencies of the executive branch are directed to take appropriate action within the scope of their existing programs to further the policies of this order and to implement section 2 of this order. This includes, but is not limited to, considering new rules and programs, and reevaluating existing programs to prohibit text messaging while driving, and conducting education, awareness, and other outreach for Federal employees about the safety risks associated with texting while driving. These initiatives should encourage voluntary compliance with the agency's text messaging policy while off duty.

(b) Within 90 days of the date of this order, each agency is directed, consistent with all applicable laws and regulations: (i) to take appropriate measures to implement this order, (ii) to adopt measures to ensure compliance with section 2 of this order, including through appropriate disciplinary actions, and (iii) to notify the Secretary of Transportation of the measures it undertakes hereunder.

(c) Agency heads may exempt from the requirements of this order, in whole or in part, certain employees, devices, or vehicles in their respective agencies that are engaged in or used for protective, law enforcement, or national security responsibilities or on the basis of other emergency conditions.

*Text Messaging While Driving by Government Contractors, Subcontractors, and Recipients and Subrecipients*. Each Federal agency, in procurement contracts, grants, and cooperative agreements, and other grants to the extent authorized by applicable statutory authority, entered into after the date of this order, shall encourage contractors, subcontractors, and recipients and subrecipients to adopt and enforce policies that ban text messaging while driving company-owned or -rented vehicles or GOV, or while driving POV when on official Government business or when performing any work for or on behalf of the Government. Agencies should also encourage Federal contractors, subcontractors, and grant recipients and subrecipients as described in this section to conduct initiatives of the type described in section 3(a) of this order.

*Coordination*. The Secretary of Transportation, in consultation with the Administrator of General Services and the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, shall provide leadership and guidance to the heads of executive branch agencies to assist them with any action pursuant to this order.

*Definitions*.

(a) The term “agency” as used in this order means an executive agency, as defined in 5 U.S.C. 105, except for the Government Accountability Office.

(b) “Texting” or “Text Messaging” means reading from or entering data into any handheld or other electronic device, including for the purpose of SMS texting, e-mailing, instant messaging, obtaining navigational information, or engaging in any other form of electronic data retrieval or electronic data communication.

(c) “Driving” means operating a motor vehicle on an active roadway with the motor running, including while temporarily stationary because of traffic, a traffic light or stop sign, or otherwise. It does not include operating a motor vehicle with or without the motor running when one has pulled over to the side of, or off, an active roadway and has halted in a location where one can safely remain stationary.

*General Provisions*. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect or alter:

(i) Authority granted by law or Executive Order to an agency, or the head thereof;

(ii) Powers and duties of the heads of the various departments and agencies pursuant to the Highway Safety Act of 1966, as amended, 23 U.S.C. 402 and 403, section 19 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, as amended, 29 U.S.C. 668, sections 7901 and 7902 of title 5, United States Code, or the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended, 40 U.S.C. 101 *et seq*.;

(iii) Rights, duties, or procedures under the National Labor Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. 151 *et seq*.; or

(iv) Functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity, by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

Barack Obama.

1 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.

2 So in original. Probably should be followed by “and”.

(a)

(1) conduct research on all phases of highway safety and traffic conditions, including accident causation, highway or driver characteristics, communications, and emergency care;

(2) conduct ongoing research into driver behavior and its effect on traffic safety;

(3) conduct research on, launch initiatives to counter, and conduct demonstration projects on fatigued driving by drivers of motor vehicles and distracted driving in such vehicles, including the effect that the use of electronic devices and other factors deemed relevant by the Secretary have on driving;

(4) conduct training or education programs in cooperation with other Federal departments and agencies, States, private sector persons, highway safety personnel, and law enforcement personnel;

(5) conduct research on, and evaluate the effectiveness of, traffic safety countermeasures, including seat belts and impaired driving initiatives;

(6) conduct research on, evaluate, and develop best practices related to driver education programs (including driver education curricula, instructor training and certification, program administration and delivery mechanisms) and make recommendations for harmonizing driver education and multistage graduated licensing systems;

(7) conduct research, training, and education programs related to older drivers;

(8) conduct demonstration projects; and

(9) conduct research, training, and programs relating to motorcycle safety, including impaired driving.

(b)

(1) The relationship between the consumption and use of drugs and their effect upon highway safety and drivers of motor vehicles.

(2) Driver behavior research, including the characteristics of driver performance, the relationships of mental and physical abilities or disabilities to the driving task, and the relationship of frequency of driver crash involvement to highway safety.

(3) Measures that may deter drugged driving.

(4) Programs to train law enforcement officers on motor vehicle pursuits conducted by the officers.

(5) Technology to detect drug use and enable States to efficiently process toxicology evidence.

(6) Research on the effects of illicit drugs and the compound effects of alcohol and illicit drugs on impairment.

(c) The research authorized by subsections (a) and (b) of this section may be conducted by the Secretary through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals.

(d) The Secretary may, where he deems it to be in furtherance of the purposes of section 402 of this title, vest in State or local agencies, on such terms and conditions as he deems appropriate, title to equipment purchased for demonstration projects with funds authorized by this section.

(e) In addition to the research authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall, either independently or in cooperation with other Federal departments or agencies, conduct research into, and make grants to or contracts with State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for projects to demonstrate the administrative adjudication of traffic infractions. Such administrative adjudication demonstration projects shall be designed to improve highway safety by developing fair, efficient, and effective processes and procedures for traffic infraction adjudication, utilizing appropriate punishment, training, and rehabilitative measures for traffic offenders. The Secretary shall report to Congress by July 1, 1975, and each year thereafter during the continuance of the program, on the research and demonstration projects authorized by this subsection, and shall include in such report a comparison of the fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness of administrative adjudication of traffic infractions with other methods of handling such infractions.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(g)

(Added Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §101, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 733; amended Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §§208(a), 220–222, 226(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 286, 291, 292; Pub. L. 102–240, title II, §2003, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2071; Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2002(a), (b)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 325; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §§2003(a), (b), 2013(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1522, 1540.)

The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (f)(4), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §2003(a), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (a) generally, substituting provisions relating to authority of Secretary to use funds for highway safety research programs for former provisions which related to, in par. (1), general authority of Secretary, in par. (2), additional authority of Secretary, and, in par. (3), definition of “safety”.

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 109–59, §2013(e), added pars. (5) and (6).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §2003(b), added subsec. (g).

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 105–178, §2002(a), inserted “, including training in work zone safety management” after “personnel”.

Subsec. (b)(3), (4). Pub. L. 105–178, §2002(b)(1), added pars. (3) and (4).

**1991**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–240, §2003(a), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows: “The Secretary is authorized to use funds appropriated to carry out this subsection to carry out safety research which he is authorized to conduct by subsection (a) of section 307 of this title. In addition, the Secretary may use the funds appropriated to carry out this section, either independently or in cooperation with other Federal departments or agencies, for making grants to or contracting with State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for (1) training or education of highway safety personnel, (2) research fellowships in highway safety, (3) development of improved accident investigation procedures, (4) emergency service plans, (5) demonstration projects, and (6) related activities which the Secretary deems will promote the purposes of this section. The Secretary shall assure that no fees are charged for any meetings or services attendant thereto or other activities relating to training and education of highway safety personnel.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102–240, §2003(a), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows: “In addition to the research authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary, in consultation with such other Government and private agencies as may be necessary, is authorized to carry out safety research on the following:

“(1) The relationship between the consumption and use of drugs and their effect upon highway safety and drivers of motor vehicles; and

“(2) Driver behavior research, including the characteristics of driver performance, the relationships of mental and physical abilities or disabilities to the driving task, and the relationship of frequency of driver accident involvement to highway safety.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–240, §2003(c), substituted “subsections (a) and (b)” for “subsection (b)”.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–240, §2003(b), added subsec. (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “In addition to the research authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Secretary shall carry out research, development, and demonstration projects to improve and evaluate the effectiveness of various types of driver education programs in reducing traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom. The research, development, and demonstration projects authorized by this subsection may be carried out by the Secretary through grants and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, and individuals. The Secretary shall report to the Congress by July 1, 1975, and each year thereafter during the continuance of the program, on the research, development, and demonstration projects authorized by this subsection, and shall include in such report an evaluation of the effectiveness of driver education programs in reducing traffic accidents and deaths, injuries, and property damage resulting therefrom.”

**1973**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 93–87, §§208(a), 220, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a); substituted in first sentence “this subsection” for “this section”; substituted in second sentence “for making grants to or contracting with State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for (1) training or education of highway safety personnel” for “for (1) grants to State or local agencies, institutions, and individuals for training or education of highway safety personnel” and “(6) related activities which the Secretary deems will promote the purposes of this section” for (6) related activities which are deemed by the Secretary to be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section”; and inserted requirement that the Secretary assure that no fees be charged for any meeting or services attendant thereto or other activities relating to training and education of highway safety personnel.

Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 93–87, §208(a), added subsecs. (b) and (c).

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 93–87, §§221, 222, 226(a), added subsecs. (d) to (f).

Amendment by section 2003(a), (b) of Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240, except as otherwise provided, effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Dec. 18, 1991, see section 2008 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of provisions of law requiring submittal to Congress of any annual, semiannual, or other regular periodic report listed in House Document No. 103–7 (in which a report required under subsec. (e) of this section is listed on page 134), see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance.

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2003(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1523, provided that: “In conducting research under section 403(a)(3) of title 23, United States Code, the Secretary [of Transportation] shall carry out not less than 2 demonstration projects to evaluate new and innovative means of combating traffic system problems caused by distracted, inattentive, or fatigued drivers. The demonstration projects shall be in addition to any other research carried out under such section.”

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2013, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1539, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(m), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 86, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) advise and coordinate with other Federal agencies on how to address the problem of driving under the influence of an illegal drug; and

“(2) conduct research on the prevention, detection, and prosecution of driving under the influence of an illegal drug.

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) An assessment of methodologies and technologies for measuring driver impairment resulting from use of the most common illicit drugs (including the use of such drugs in combination with alcohol).

“(B) Effective and efficient methods for training law enforcement personnel, including drug recognition experts, to detect or measure the level of impairment of a driver who is under the influence of an illicit drug by the use of technology or otherwise.

“(C) A description of the role of drugs as causal factor in traffic crashes and the extent of the problem of drug-impaired driving.

“(D) A description and assessment of current State and Federal laws relating to drug-impaired driving.

“(E) Recommendations for addressing the problem of drug-impaired driving, including recommendations on levels of impairment.

“(F) Recommendations for developing a model statute relating to drug-impaired driving.

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) threshold levels of impairment for illicit drugs;

“(B) practicable methods for detecting the presence of illicit drugs; and

“(C) penalties for drug impaired driving.

“(3)

“(e)

“(f)

Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2007, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 336, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 105–178, title IV, §4030, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 418, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) the Transportation Research Board, in conducting the study, shall consider—

“(A) in consultation with the National Transportation Safety Board, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, and other relevant entities, available crash injury data;

“(B) vehicle design and driver training requirements, routing, and operational factors that affect safety; and

“(C) other factors that the Secretary considers to be appropriate;

“(2) if the data referred to in paragraph (1)(A) is unavailable or insufficient, the Transportation Research Board shall recommend a new data collection regimen and implementation guidelines; and

“(3) a panel shall conduct the study and shall include—

“(A) representatives of—

“(i) highway safety organizations;

“(ii) school transportation;

“(iii) mass transportation operators;

“(iv) employee organizations; and

“(v) bicycling organizations;

“(B) academic and policy analysts; and

“(C) other interested parties.

“(c)

“(d)

Section 2006 of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9004, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4525, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9005, Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4526, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) One of the States shall be a western State which is one of the 3 most populous States, with numerous large cities, with at least one city exceeding 7,000,000 people. The State should have a diverse demographic population with larger than average drug use according to reliable surveys.

“(2) One of the remaining States should be a southern State, one a northeastern State, and one a central State.

“(3) One of the remaining States should be mainly rural and among the least populous States.

“(4) One of the remaining States should have less than average drug use according to reliable surveys.

“(d)

“(e)

“(1)

“(A) are applicants seeking the privilege to drive, and

“(B) have never been issued a driver's license by any State.

“(2)

“(A) prior to issuance of driver's licenses, and

“(B) during the first year following the date of issuance of such licenses.

“(3)

“(4)

“(f)

“(g)

“(h)

“(i)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 99–570, title III, §3402, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–102, directed Secretary of Transportation to conduct a study to determine relationship between usage of controlled substances and highway safety and, not later than one year after Oct. 27, 1986, submit to Congress a report on results of study.

Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §204, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2729, directed Secretary of Transportation to make a full and complete investigation and study of the need for, and, if necessary, ways and means to establish, a national driver register to assist States in electronically exchanging information regarding motor vehicle driving records of certain individuals, with Secretary to issue a final report to Congress not later than one year after Nov. 6, 1978.

Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §212, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2734, directed Secretary to report to Congress not later than Dec. 31, 1979, concerning the progress of efforts to detect and prevent marijuana and drug use by motor vehicle operators, capabilities of law enforcement officials to detect the use of marijuana and drugs by motor vehicle operators, and a description of Federal and State projects undertaken into methods of detection and prevention.

Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §106, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 735, as amended by Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5119(f), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452, provided that: “All facts contained in any report of any Federal department or agency or any officer, employee, or agent thereof, relating to any highway traffic accident or the investigation thereof conducted pursuant to chapter 4 of title 23 of the United States Code shall be available for use in any civil, criminal, or other judicial proceeding arising out of such accident, and any such officer, employee, or agent may be required to testify in such proceedings as to the facts developed in such investigation. Any such report shall be made available to the public in a manner which does not identify individuals. All completed reports on research projects, demonstration projects, and other related activities conducted under section 403 and chapter 5 of title 23, United States Code, shall be made available to the public in a manner which does not identify individuals.”

Section 208(b) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the amendments made by this section [amending this section] by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, out of the Highway Trust Fund, the sum of $10,000,000 per fiscal year for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, June 30, 1975, and June 30, 1976.”

Section 226(b) of Pub. L. 93–87 provided that: “For the purpose of carrying out the amendment made by subsection (a) of this section [amending this section], there is authorized to be appropriated $10,000,000 out of the Highway Trust Fund.”

Authorization of appropriation of additional sum of $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1967, $20,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1968, and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969, for the purpose of carrying out this section and section 307(a) of this title, see section 105 of Pub. L. 89–564, set out as a note under section 307 of this title.

(a)(1) There is established in the Department of Transportation a National Highway Safety Advisory Committee, composed of the Secretary or an officer of the Department appointed by him, the Federal Highway Administrator, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator, and thirty-five members appointed by the President, no more than four of whom shall be Federal officers or employees. The Secretary shall select the Chairman of the Committee from among the Committee members. The appointed members, having due regard for the purposes of this chapter, shall be selected from among representatives of various State and local governments, including State legislatures, of public and private interests contributing to, affected by, or concerned with highway safety, including the national organizations of passenger car, bus, and truck owners, and of other public and private agencies, organizations, or groups demonstrating an active interest in highway safety, as well as research scientists and other individuals who are expert in this field.

(2)(A) Each member appointed by the President shall hold office for a term of three years, except that (i) any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of such term, and (ii) the terms of office of members first taking office after the date of enactment of this section shall expire as follows: Twelve at the end of one year after the date such committee members are appointed by the President, twelve at the end of two years after the date such committee members are appointed by the President, and eleven at the end of three years after the date such committee members are appointed, as designated by the President at the time of appointment, and (iii) the term of any member shall be extended until the date on which the successor's appointment is effective. None of the members appointed by the President who has served a three-year term, other than Federal officers or employees, shall be eligible for reappointment within one year following the end of his preceding term.

(B) Members of the Committee who are not officers or employees of the United States shall, while attending meetings or conferences of such Committee or otherwise engaged in the business of such Committee, be entitled to receive compensation at a rate fixed by the Secretary, but not exceeding $100 per diem, including traveltime, and while away from their homes or regular places of business they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized in section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b–2) for persons in the Government service employed intermittently. Payments under this section shall not render members of the Committee employees or officials of the United States for any purpose.

(b) The National Highway Safety Advisory Committee shall advise, consult with, and make recommendations to, the Secretary on matters relating to the activities and functions of the Department in the field of highway safety. The Committee is authorized (1) to review research projects or programs submitted to or recommended by it in the field of highway safety and recommend to the Secretary, for prosecution under this title, any such projects which it believes show promise of making valuable contributions to human knowledge with respect to the cause and prevention of highway accidents; and (2) to review, prior to issuance, standards proposed to be issued by order of the Secretary under the provisions of section 402(a) of this title and to make recommendations thereon. Such recommendations shall be published in connection with the Secretary's determination or order.

(c) The National Highway Safety Advisory Committee shall meet from time to time as the Secretary shall direct, but at least once each year.

(d) The Secretary shall provide to the National Highway Safety Committee from among the personnel and facilities of the Department of Transportation such staff and facilities as are necessary to carry out the functions of such Committee.

(Added Pub. L. 89–564, title I, §101, Sept. 9, 1966, 80 Stat. 733; amended Pub. L. 90–150, Nov. 24, 1967, 81 Stat. 507; Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §223, Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 292; Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §209, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 455; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2019, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1543.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(A), is Sept. 9, 1966.

Section 5 of the Administrative Expenses Act of 1946 (5 U.S.C. 73b–2), referred to in subsec. (a)(2)(B), was repealed by Pub. L. 89–554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 632. Section 7(b) of Pub. L. 89–554 provided that references to sections of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, are to be deemed to be references to corresponding provisions of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Provisions similar to section 73b–2 of former title 5 are now contained in section 5703 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

**2005**—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “Transportation” for “Commerce”.

**1976**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 94–280 substituted provision for selection by the Secretary of the Chairman of the Committee from among the Committee members for prior provision making the Secretary or an officer of the Department appointed by him the Chairman of the Committee.

**1973**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 93–87 added the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrator to the membership of the National Highway Safety Advisory Committee.

**1967**—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 90–150, §1(1), substituted “Department of Transportation” for “Department of Commerce”, increased number of Committee appointees from twenty-nine to thirty-five, and provided for selection of members from representatives of national organizations of passenger car, bus, and truck owners.

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 90–150, §1(2), substituted provisions for expirations of term of office of initial appointees one, two, and three years after date of appointment for twelve, twelve, and eleven members, respectively, for former provisions for such expiration one, two, and three years following enactment date of Sept. 9, 1966, for ten, ten, and nine members, respectively, and prohibited reappointment within one year after end of preceding term of member serving a three-year term of office.

Advisory committees in existence on Jan. 5, 1973, to terminate not later than the expiration of the 2-year period following Jan. 5, 1973, unless, in the case of a committee established by the President or an officer of the Federal Government, such committee is renewed by appropriate action prior to the expiration of such 2-year period, or in the case of a committee established by the Congress, its duration is otherwise provided for by law. See section 14 of Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 776, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) in each of the first and second fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2003, in which the State receives a grant under this section, 75 percent;

(B) in each of the third and fourth fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2003, in which the State receives a grant under this section, 50 percent; and

(C) in each of the fifth through eighth fiscal years beginning after September 30, 2003, in which the State receives a grant under this section, 25 percent.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) for a violation of the safety belt use law of the State; and

(B) for a violation of the child passenger protection law of the State.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(c)

[(d) Repealed. Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2002(e), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1522.]

(e)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(A) with respect to open-body passenger vehicles, including convertibles, an occupant restraint system consisting of a lap belt or a lap belt and a detachable shoulder belt; and

(B) with respect to other passenger vehicles, an occupant restraint system consisting of integrated lap and shoulder belts.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2003(a)(1), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 325; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §§2002(e), 2004, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1522, 1524; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(c)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 84.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

A prior section 405, added Pub. L. 93–87, title II, §230(a), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 293; amended Pub. L. 93–643, §121, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2289, related to the Federal-aid safer roads demonstration program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 94–280, title I, §135(c), May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 442.

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 111–147, §421(c)(1)(A), substituted “8” for “6”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 111–147, §421(c)(1)(B), substituted “fifth through eighth” for “fifth and sixth”.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §2004(a)(1), substituted “SAFETEA–LU” for “Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §2004(a)(2), substituted “2003” for “1997”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §2004(a)(3), inserted “beginning after September 30, 2003,” after “years” in subpars. (A) to (C).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §2004(c), substituted “100 percent” for “25 percent” and “2003” for “1997”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §2002(e), struck out heading and text of subsec. (d). Text read as follows: “Funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section in a fiscal year shall be subject to a deduction not to exceed 5 percent for the necessary costs of administering the provisions of this section.”

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2011, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1538, as amended by Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(j)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) for the first 3 fiscal years for which a State receives a grant under this section, 75 percent; and

“(2) for the fourth, fifth, and sixth fiscal years for which a State receives a grant under this section, 50 percent.

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) A program to support enforcement of child restraint laws.

“(B) A program to train child passenger safety professionals, police officers, fire and emergency medical personnel, educators, and parents concerning all aspects of the use of child safety seats and child restraints.

“(C) A program to educate the public concerning the proper use and installation of child safety seats and child restraints.

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2003(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 327, provided that:

“(1)

“(A) the child passenger protection program of the State; and

“(B) at the option of the State, a grant program established by the State to carry out 1 or more of the activities specified in paragraph (2) by a political subdivision of the State or an appropriate private entity.

“(2)

“(A) are designed to prevent deaths and injuries to children;

“(B) educate the public concerning—

“(i) all aspects of the proper installation of child restraints using standard seatbelt hardware, supplemental hardware, and modification devices (if needed), including special installation techniques;

“(ii) appropriate child restraint design, selection, and placement; and

“(iii) harness threading and harness adjustment on child restraints; and

“(C) train and retrain child passenger safety professionals, police officers, fire and emergency medical personnel, and other educators concerning all aspects of child restraint use.

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

“(6)

“(7)

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) enacts for the first time after December 31, 2002, and has in effect and is enforcing a conforming primary safety belt use law for all passenger motor vehicles; or

(B) in the case of a State that does not have such a primary safety belt use law, has after December 31, 2005, a State safety belt use rate of 85 percent or more for each of the 2 calendar years immediately preceding the fiscal year of a grant, as measured under criteria determined by the Secretary.

(2)

(3)

(A) not be considered to have been enacted in the Federal fiscal year in which that June 30th falls; but

(B) be considered as if it were enacted after October 1 of the next Federal fiscal year.

(4)

(A) the conforming primary safety belt use law came into effect; or

(B) the State's safety belt use rate was 85 percent or more for 2 consecutive calendar years (as measured under by criteria determined by the Secretary), whichever first occurs.

(5)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1)

(A) intersection improvements;

(B) pavement and shoulder widening;

(C) installation of rumble strips and other warning devices;

(D) improving skid resistance;

(E) improvements for pedestrian or bicyclist safety;

(F) railway-highway crossing safety;

(G) traffic calming;

(H) the elimination of roadside obstacles;

(I) improving highway signage and pavement marking;

(J) installing priority control systems for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections;

(K) installing traffic control or warning devices at locations with high accident potential;

(L) safety-conscious planning; and

(M) improving crash data collection and analysis.

(2)

(3)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(1) a passenger car;

(2) a pickup truck; and

(3) a van, minivan, or sport utility vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,000 pounds.

(Added Pub. L. 93–643, §126(a), Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2291; amended Pub. L. 94–280, title II, §205, May 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 453; Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §129(g), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2708; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2005(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1524.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to safety belt performance grants for provisions relating to school bus driver training.

**1978**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95–599 substituted “section shall not exceed 75 per centum” for “title shall not exceed 70 per centum”.

**1976**—Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 94–280 redesignated as subsec. (c) the authorization provisions previously set out as a second subsec. (b), provided for obligation of at least $7,000,000 for fiscal years 1977 and 1978 to carry out this section, and provided for availability of funds for obligation in the same manner and to the same extent as if the funds were apportioned under section 402(c) of this title.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Amendment Pub. L. 95–599 effective with respect to obligations incurred after Nov. 6, 1978, see section 129(h) of Pub. L. 95–599, set out as a note under section 120 of this title.

(a) In addition to other grants authorized by this chapter, the Secretary may make grants in any fiscal year to those States, political subdivisions thereof, and nonprofit organizations which develop innovative approaches to highway safety problems in accordance with criteria to be established by the Secretary in cooperation with the States, political subdivisions thereof, and such nonprofit organizations as the Secretary deems appropriate.

(b) The Secretary shall establish a procedure for the selection of grant applications submitted under this section. In developing such procedure, the Secretary shall consult with the States and political subdivisions thereof, appropriate Federal departments and agencies, and such other public and nonprofit organizations as the Secretary deems appropriate.

(c) Any State, political subdivision thereof, and nonprofit organization may make an application under this section to carry out an innovative project described in subsection (a) of this section. Such application shall be in such form and contain such information as the Secretary, by regulation, prescribes.

(d) Not to exceed 2 per centum of the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section shall be available to the Secretary for the necessary costs of administering the provisions of this section.

(e) The Secretary shall submit an annual report to the Congress which provides a description of each application received for a grant under this section and an evaluation of innovative projects carried out with grants made under this section.

(Added Pub. L. 95–599, title II, §208(a), Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2732.)

For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of reporting provisions in subsec. (e) of this section, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 31 of House Document No. 103–7.

(a)

(1) improve the timeliness, accuracy, completeness, uniformity, integration, and accessibility of the safety data of the State that is needed to identify priorities for national, State, and local highway and traffic safety programs;

(2) evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to make such improvements;

(3) link the State data systems, including traffic records, with other data systems within the State, such as systems that contain medical, roadway, and economic data; and

(4) improve the compatibility and interoperability of the data systems of the State with national data systems and data systems of other States and enhance the ability of the Secretary to observe and analyze national trends in crash occurrences, rates, outcomes, and circumstances.

(b)

(1) established a highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee with a multidisciplinary membership that includes, among others, managers, collectors, and users of traffic records and public health and injury control data systems; and

(2) developed a multiyear highway safety data and traffic records system strategic plan—

(A) that addresses existing deficiencies in the State's highway safety data and traffic records system;

(B) that is approved by the highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee;

(C) that specifies how existing deficiencies in the State's highway safety data and traffic records system were identified;

(D) that prioritizes, on the basis of the identified highway safety data and traffic records system deficiencies of the State, the highway safety data and traffic records system needs and goals of the State, including the activities under subsection (a);

(E) that identifies performance-based measures by which progress toward those goals will be determined; and

(F) that specifies how the grant funds and any other funds of the State are to be used to address needs and goals identified in the multiyear plan.

(c)

(1) certifies to the Secretary that an assessment or audit of the State's highway safety data and traffic records system has been conducted or updated within the preceding 5 years;

(2) certifies to the Secretary that its highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee continues to operate and supports the multiyear plan;

(3) specifies how the grant funds and any other funds of the State are to be used to address needs and goals identified in the multiyear plan;

(4) demonstrates to the Secretary measurable progress toward achieving the goals and objectives identified in the multiyear plan; and

(5) submits to the Secretary a current report on the progress in implementing the multiyear plan.

(d)

(1) the amount determined by multiplying—

(A) the amount appropriated to carry out this section for such fiscal year, by

(B) the ratio that the funds apportioned to the State under section 402 for fiscal year 2003 bears to the funds apportioned to all States under such section for fiscal year 2003; or

(2)(A) $300,000 in the case of the first fiscal year a grant is made to a State under this section after the date of enactment of this subparagraph; or

(B) $500,000 in the case of a succeeding fiscal year a grant is made to the State under this section after such date of enactment.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(f)

(Added Pub. L. 97–364, title I, §101(a), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1738; amended Pub. L. 98–363, §§4, 7, July 17, 1984, 98 Stat. 436, 438; Pub. L. 100–17, title II, §203(a), (b), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 219; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2006(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1527.)

The date of enactment of this subparagraph, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (e)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to State traffic safety information system improvements for provisions relating to alcohol traffic safety programs.

**1987**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100–17, §203(a), substituted “5” for “three” in introductory provisions and “third, fourth, and fifth fiscal years” for “third fiscal year” in par. (3).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 100–17, §203(b), inserted “and except that sums authorized by this subsection shall remain available until expended” before period at end of second sentence.

**1984**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–363, §§4(a), 7(a), struck out “basic and supplemental” after “Secretary shall make” and inserted “or a controlled substance” after “alcohol”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–363, §4(b), inserted “and controlled substance” after “alcohol”.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 98–363, §7(b), added par. (3).

Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 98–363, §7(c), added par. (3).

Subsec. (f)(8). Pub. L. 98–363, §4(c), added par. (8).

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §358(d), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 626, required the Secretary to conduct a study to evaluate the effectiveness of certain State laws on reducing drunk driving.

Pub. L. 97–364, title I, §101(c), Oct. 25, 1982, 96 Stat. 1740, required the Secretary of Transportation, before Feb. 1, 1983, to issue regulations to implement this section.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data compiled or collected for the purpose of identifying, evaluating, or planning the safety enhancement of potential accident sites, hazardous roadway conditions, or railway-highway crossings, pursuant to sections 130, 144, and 148 of this title or for the purpose of developing any highway safety construction improvement project which may be implemented utilizing Federal-aid highway funds shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location mentioned or addressed in such reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data.

(Added Pub. L. 100–17, title I, §132(a), Apr. 2, 1987, 101 Stat. 170; amended Pub. L. 102–240, title I, §1035(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1978; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §323, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1401(a)(3)(C), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1225.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 substituted “148” for “152”.

**1995**—Pub. L. 104–59 inserted “or collected” after “data compiled”.

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted “Discovery and admission” for “Admission” in section catchline and “subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding” for “admitted into evidence in Federal or State court” in text.

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240 effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and, with certain exceptions, not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Sept. 30, 1991, see section 1100 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 104 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) in each of the first and second fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 75 percent;

(B) in each of the third and fourth fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 50 percent; and

(C) in each of the fifth through tenth fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 25 percent.

(b)

(1) have an alcohol related fatality rate of 0.5 or less per 100,000,000 vehicle miles traveled as of the date of the grant, as determined by the Secretary using the most recent Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; or

(2)(A) for fiscal year 2006 by carrying out 3 of the programs and activities under subsection (c);

(B) for fiscal year 2007 by carrying out 4 of the programs and activities under subsection (c); or

(C) for fiscal years 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 by carrying out 5 of the programs and activities under subsection (c).

(c)

(1)

(A) if the State organizes the campaigns in cooperation with related periodic national campaigns organized by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, except that this subparagraph does not preclude a State from initiating sustained high visibility, Statewide law enforcement campaigns independently of the cooperative efforts; and

(B) if, for each fiscal year, the State demonstrates to the Secretary that the State and the political subdivisions of the State that receive funds under this section have increased, in the aggregate, the total number of impaired driving law enforcement activities at high incident locations (or any other similar activity approved by the Secretary) initiated in such State during the preceding fiscal year by a factor that the Secretary determines meaningful for the State over the number of such activities initiated in such State during the preceding fiscal year.

(2)

(A) the State works to reduce the use of diversion programs by educating and informing prosecutors and judges through various outreach methods about the benefits and merits of prosecuting and adjudicating defendants who repeatedly commit impaired driving offenses;

(B) the courts in a majority of the judicial jurisdictions of the State are monitored on the courts’ adjudication of cases of impaired driving offenses; or

(C) annual statewide outreach is provided for judges and prosecutors on innovative approaches to the prosecution and adjudication of cases of impaired driving offenses that have the potential for significantly improving the prosecution and adjudication of such cases.

(3)

(4)

(A) a 1-year suspension of a driver's license, but with the individual whose license is suspended becoming eligible after 45 days of such suspension to obtain a provisional driver's license that would permit the individual to drive—

(i) only to and from the individual's place of employment or school; and

(ii) only in an automobile equipped with a certified alcohol ignition interlock device; and

(B) a mandatory assessment by a certified substance abuse official of whether the individual has an alcohol abuse problem with possible referral to counseling if the official determines that such a referral is appropriate.

(5)

(6)

(A) the issuance of tamper-resistant drivers’ licenses to individuals under age 21 that are easily distinguishable in appearance from drivers’ licenses issued to individuals age 21 or older; and

(B) a program provided by a nonprofit organization for training point of sale personnel concerning, at a minimum—

(i) the clinical effects of alcohol;

(ii) methods of preventing second party sales of alcohol;

(iii) recognizing signs of intoxication;

(iv) methods to prevent underage drinking; and

(v) Federal, State, and local laws that are relevant to such personnel; and

(C) having a law in effect that creates a 0.02 percent blood alcohol content limit for drivers under 21 years old.

(7)

(A) in the case of an individual who, in any 5-year period beginning after the date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, is determined on the basis of a chemical test to have been operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or is determined to have refused to submit to such a test as proposed by a law enforcement officer, the State agency responsible for administering drivers’ licenses, upon receipt of the report of the law enforcement officer—

(i) suspend the driver's license of such individual for a period of not less than 90 days if such individual is a first offender in such 5-year period; except that under such suspension an individual may operate a motor vehicle, after the 15-day period beginning on the date of the suspension, to and from employment, school, or an alcohol treatment program if an ignition interlock device is installed on each of the motor vehicles owned or operated, or both, by the individual; and

(ii) suspend the driver's license of such individual for a period of not less than 1 year, or revoke such license, if such individual is a repeat offender in such 5–year period; except that such individual to operate a motor vehicle, after the 45-day period beginning on the date of the suspension or revocation, to and from employment, school, or an alcohol treatment program if an ignition interlock device is installed on each of the motor vehicles owned or operated, or both, by the individual; and

(B) the suspension and revocation referred to under clauses (i) and (ii) 1 take effect not later than 30 days after the date on which the individual refused to submit to a chemical test or received notice of having been determined to be driving under the influence of alcohol, in accordance with the procedures of the State.

(8)

(d)

(1) Labor costs, management costs, and equipment procurement costs for the high visibility, Statewide law enforcement campaigns under subsection (c)(1).

(2) The costs of the training of law enforcement personnel and the procurement of technology and equipment, including video equipment and passive alcohol sensors, to counter directly impaired operation of motor vehicles.

(3) The costs of public awareness, advertising, and educational campaigns that publicize use of sobriety check points or increased law enforcement efforts to counter impaired operation of motor vehicles.

(4) The costs of public awareness, advertising, and educational campaigns that target impaired operation of motor vehicles by persons under 34 years of age.

(5) The costs of the development and implementation of a State impaired operator information system.

(6) The costs of operating programs that result in vehicle forfeiture or impoundment or license plate impoundment.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) in coordination with employers, schools, entities in the hospitality industry, and nonprofit traffic safety groups; and

(B) in coordination with sporting events and concerts and other entertainment events.

(f)

(g)

(1)

(A) is among the 10 States with the highest impaired driving related fatalities as determined by the Secretary using the most recent Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and

(B) prepares a plan for grant expenditures under this subsection that is approved by the Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(h)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) has a blood alcohol content of 0.08 percent or higher; or

(B) is under the influence of a controlled substance.

(5)

(Added Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9002(a), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4521; amended Pub. L. 101–516, title III, §336, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2186; Pub. L. 102–240, title II, §2004(a), Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2073; Pub. L. 102–388, title VI, §§601–606, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1569, 1570; Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §324, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 105–18, title II, §8003, June 12, 1997, 111 Stat. 195; Pub. L. 105–130, §6(b), Dec. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 2558; Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2004(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 328; Pub. L. 108–88, §6(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1120; Pub. L. 108–310, §6(e)(1), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2007(a), (b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1529; Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §303(c)(2), (3), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619; Pub. L. 111–147, title IV, §421(f)(1), Mar. 18, 2010, 124 Stat. 85.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (c)(7)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

**2010**—Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 111–147, §421(f)(1)(A), which directed the substitution of “fifth through tenth” for “fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth”, was executed by making the substitution for “fifth, sixth,, seventh, and eighth” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 111–147, §421(f)(1)(B), substituted “2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011” for “2008 and 2009”.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(A), (B), amended Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(A), (B). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(C), repealed amendment by Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(C). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(B), amended Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(B). See 2005 Amendment note below.

Subsec. (c)(7)(B). Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(3), substituted “clauses (i) and (ii)” for “clause (i)”.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(a), substituted “under this subsection” for “under this section” and “SAFETEA–LU” for “Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(A), (B), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(A), (B), redesignated par. (4) as (3) and struck out heading and text of former par. (3). Text read as follows: “No State may receive grants under this section in more than 8 fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1997.”

Subsec. (a)(3)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(C), which directed amendment of par. (3) by striking out second comma after “sixth”, was repealed by Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(C).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(1)(B), as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, §303(c)(2)(B), redesignated par. (4) as (3).

Subsec. (b) to (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §2007(b)(2)–(4), added subsecs. (b) to (g), redesignated former subsecs. (e) and (f) as (h) and (i), respectively, added pars. (4) and (5) to subsec. (i), and struck out former subsecs. (b) to (d), which related to eligibility for basic grant, supplemental grants, and administrative expenses, respectively.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(e)(1)(A), substituted “8” for “7”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 108–310, §6(e)(1)(B), substituted “, seventh, and eighth” for “and seventh”.

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(e)(1)(A), substituted “7” for “6”.

Subsec. (a)(4)(C). Pub. L. 108–88, §6(e)(1)(B), substituted “, sixth, and seventh” for “and sixth”.

**1998**—Pub. L. 105–178 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, section related to alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures, providing for general authority in subsec. (a), maintenance of effort in subsec. (b), maximum period of eligibility and Federal share for grants in subsec. (c), basic grant eligibility in subsec. (d), amount of basic grant in subsec. (e), supplemental grants in subsec. (f), administrative expenses in subsec. (g), applicability of chapter 1 of this title in subsec. (h), definitions in subsec. (i), and authorization of appropriations in subsec. (j).

**1997**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–130, §6(b)(1)(A), substituted “6 fiscal years” for “5 fiscal years” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–130, §6(b)(1)(B), substituted “fifth, and sixth fiscal years” for “and fifth fiscal years”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 105–130, §6(b)(2), substituted “3 fiscal years” for “two fiscal years”.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 105–130, §6(b)(3), substituted “1997,” for “1997, and” and inserted before period at end “, and $12,500,000 for the period of October 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998”.

Pub. L. 105–18 inserted “, and an additional $500,000 for fiscal year 1997” after “1997”.

**1995**—Subsec. (d)(1)(E). Pub. L. 104–59, §324(a), substituted “December 18, 1991” for “the date of enactment of this section” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 104–59, §324(b)(1), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpar. (B).

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 104–59, §324(b)(2), added par. (7).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–59, §324(c), redesignated pars. (2) to (7) as (1) to (6), respectively, and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows:

“(1)

**1992**—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–388, §601(2), (3), added subsec. (c) and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (d).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–388, §§601(2), 602, redesignated subsec. (c) as (d), substituted “5 or more of the following” for “4 or more of the following” in introductory provisions, struck out “within the time period specified in subparagraph (F)” after “revocation” in par. (1)(C), and added par. (6). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–388, §§601(2), 603, redesignated subsec. (d) as (e) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (e) read as follows: “

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 102–388, §§601(2), 604, redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted “Subject to subsection (c), a State shall be eligible to receive a supplemental grant in a fiscal year of 5 percent of the amount apportioned to the State in fiscal year 1992 under section 402 of this title” for “A State shall be eligible to receive a supplemental grant in a fiscal year of 5 percent of the amount apportioned to the State in the fiscal year under this section” in pars. (1) to (7). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–388, §§601(1), (2), 605, redesignated subsec. (f) as (g), struck out “, and the remainder shall be apportioned among the several States” before the period at end, and struck out former subsec. (g) which provided for apportionment of the remainder of the funds authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section among the States according to certain formulas.

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 102–388, §606, amended subsec. (j) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (j) read as follows: “

**1991**—Pub. L. 102–240 substituted section catchline for one which read: “Drunk driving prevention programs” and amended text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions authorizing grants to those States which adopt and implement drunk driving prevention programs described in this section, requiring States to maintain expenditures for drunk driving prevention programs, providing for Federal share payable, maximum amount of basic grants and eligibility for basic grants, providing for supplemental grants to States which implement specific measures to fight drunk driving, and providing for definitions and appropriations for this section.

**1990**—Subsec. (e)(1)(C). Pub. L. 101–516 struck out “within the time period specified in subparagraph (F)” after “revocation”.

Subsec. (e)(2). Pub. L. 101–516 inserted “a significant portion of” after “under which” and substituted “apprehended and fined for” for “convicted of”.

Amendment by section 303(c)(2) of Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §303(c)(3), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619, provided that the amendment made by section 303(c)(3) is effective Aug. 10, 2005.

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–59 effective Oct. 1, 2005, see section 2022 of Pub. L. 109–59, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2004(b), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 332, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1998.”

Section 607 of title VI of Pub. L. 102–388 provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

Amendment by Pub. L. 102–240, except as otherwise provided, effective Dec. 18, 1991, and applicable to funds authorized to be appropriated or made available after Sept. 30, 1991, and not applicable to funds appropriated or made available on or before Dec. 18, 1991, see section 2008 of Pub. L. 102–240, set out as a note under section 402 of this title.

Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2007(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1533, provided that: “Not later than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005], the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration shall issue guidelines to the States specifying the types and formats of data that States should collect relating to drivers who are arrested or convicted for violation of laws prohibiting the impaired operation of motor vehicles.”

Pub. L. 100–690, title IX, §9002(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4525, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall issue and publish in the Federal Register proposed regulations to implement section 410 of title 23, United States Code, not later than 6 months after the date of the enactment of this section [Nov. 18, 1988]. The final regulations for such implementation shall be issued, published in the Federal Register, and transmitted to Congress not later than 12 months after such date of enactment.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2008, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 337, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) deem any individual with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 percent or greater while operating a motor vehicle to be driving while intoxicated; and

“(2) deem any individual under the age of 21 with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.02 percent or greater while operating a motor vehicle to be driving while intoxicated;

in reducing the number and severity of alcohol-involved crashes.

“(b)

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §358(d), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 626, provided that: “The Secretary shall conduct a study to evaluate the effectiveness on reducing drunk driving and appropriateness of laws enacted in the States which allow a health care provider who treats an individual involved in a vehicular accident to report the blood alcohol level, if known, of such individual to the local law enforcement agency which has jurisdiction over the accident site if the blood alcohol concentration level exceeds the maximum level permitted under State law.”

Section 2004(b) of Pub. L. 102–240 provided that: “A State which, before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 18, 1991], was eligible to receive a grant under section 410 of title 23, United States Code, as in effect on the day before such date of enactment, may elect to receive in a fiscal year grants under such section 410, as so in effect, in lieu of receiving in such fiscal year grants under such section 410, as amended by this Act.”

Section 9003 of Pub. L. 100–690 provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

Pub. L. 97–424, title II, §209, Jan. 6, 1983, 96 Stat. 2140, provided that: “The Congress strongly encourages each State to prohibit the sale of alcoholic beverages to persons who are less than 21 years of age.”

1 So in original. Probably should be “clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A)”.

(a)

(1)

(A) to improve the timeliness, accuracy, completeness, uniformity, and accessibility of the data of the State that is needed to identify priorities for national, State, and local highway and traffic safety programs;

(B) to evaluate the effectiveness of efforts to make such improvements;

(C) to link these State data systems, including traffic records, with other data systems within the State, such as systems that contain medical and economic data; and

(D) to improve the compatibility of the data system of the State with national data systems and data systems of other States and to enhance the ability of the Secretary to observe and analyze national trends in crash occurrences, rates, outcomes, and circumstances.

Such grants may be used by recipient States only to implement such programs.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) in the first and second fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 75 percent;

(B) in the third and fourth fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 50 percent; and

(C) in the fifth and sixth fiscal years in which the State receives a grant under this section, 25 percent.

(b)

(1)

(A) demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that the State has—

(i) established a highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee with a multidisciplinary membership, including the administrators, collectors, and users of such data (including the public health, injury control, and motor carrier communities);

(ii) completed, within the preceding 5 years, a highway safety data and traffic records assessment or an audit of the highway safety data and traffic records system of the State; and

(iii) initiated the development of a multiyear highway safety data and traffic records strategic plan that—

(I) identifies and prioritizes the highway safety data and traffic records needs and goals of the State;

(II) identifies performance-based measures by which progress toward those goals will be determined; and

(III) will be submitted to the highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee of the State for approval; or

(B) provides, to the satisfaction of the Secretary—

(i) a certification that the State has met the requirements of clauses (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A);

(ii) a multiyear highway safety data and traffic records strategic plan that—

(I) meets the requirements of subparagraph (A)(iii); and

(II) specifies how the incentive funds of the State for the fiscal year will be used to address needs and goals identified in the plan; and

(iii) a certification that the highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee of the State continues to operate and supports the multiyear plan described in clause (ii).

(2)

(A) if the State is eligible for the grant under paragraph (1)(A), $125,000; and

(B) if the State is eligible for the grant under paragraph (1)(B), an amount determined by multiplying—

(i) the amount appropriated to carry out this section for such fiscal year; by

(ii) the ratio that the funds apportioned to the State under section 402 for fiscal year 1997 bears to the funds apportioned to all States under section 402 for fiscal year 1997;

except that no State eligible for a grant under paragraph (1)(B) shall receive less than $250,000.

(3)

(c)

(1)

(A) submits or updates a multiyear highway safety data and traffic records strategic plan that meets the requirements of subsection (b)(1);

(B) certifies that the highway safety data and traffic records coordinating committee of the State continues to operate and supports the multiyear plan; and

(C) reports annually on the progress of the State in implementing the multiyear plan.

(2)

(A) the amount appropriated to carry out this section for such fiscal year; by

(B) the ratio that the funds apportioned to the State under section 402 for fiscal year 1997 bears to the funds apportioned to all States under section 402 for fiscal year 1997;

except that no State eligible for a grant under this paragraph shall receive less than $225,000.

(d)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title II, §2005(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 332; amended Pub. L. 110–244, title III, §303(c)(4), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1619.)

The date of enactment of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, referred to in subsec. (a)(3), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

**2008**—Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 110–244 redesignated subsecs. (c), relating to administrative expenses, and (d) as (d) and (e), respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1) conduct a program improvement review of a highway safety program under this chapter of a State that does not make substantial progress over a 3-year period in meeting its priority program goals; and

(2) provide technical assistance and safety program requirements to be incorporated in the State highway safety program for any goal not achieved.

(d)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) The Secretary's management review guidelines and program review guidelines.

(B) All State highway safety programs submitted under this chapter.

(C) State annual accomplishment reports.

(D) The Administration's Summary Report of findings from Management Reviews and Improvement Plans.

(3)

(f) GAO

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title II, §2008(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1533.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (d), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.



A prior chapter 5, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, consisting of sections 501 to 512, related to highway relocation assistance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903. See section 4601 et seq. of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For Effective Date of Repeal and Savings Provisions, see sections 221 and 220(b) of Pub. L. 91–646, set out as notes under sections 4601 and 4621, respectively, of Title 42.

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §111(b)(2)(B), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605, amended Pub. L. 109–59, §5210. See 2005 Amendment note below.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5210(c), formerly §5210(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1804, as renumbered by Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §111(b)(2)(B), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605, added item 510.

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §§5201(a)(2), 5207(c), 5208(b), 5209(c), 5211(c), 5301(b), 5302(b), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1781, 1798, 1799, 1801, 1804, 1805, substituted “RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND EDUCATION” for “RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY” in chapter heading, “Surface transportation environment and planning cooperative research program” for “Surface transportation-environment cooperative research program” in item 507, “Transportation research and development strategic planning” for “Surface transportation research strategic planning” in item 508, and added items 509 and 511 to 513.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

In this chapter, the following definitions apply:

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5101(2), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 422.)

A prior section 501, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 830, related to declaration of policy as to highway relocation assistance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) is of national significance;

(B) supports research in which there is a clear public benefit and private sector investment is less than optimal;

(C) supports a Federal stewardship role in assuring that State and local governments use national resources efficiently; or

(D) presents the best means to support Federal policy goals compared to other policy alternatives.

(3)

(A) conduct research;

(B) support and facilitate research and technology transfer activities by State highway agencies;

(C) share results of completed research; and

(D) support and facilitate technology and innovation deployment.

(4)

(A) fundamental, long-term highway research;

(B) research aimed at significant highway research gaps and emerging issues with national implications; and

(C) research related to policy and planning.

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(b)

(1)

(A) motor carrier transportation;

(B) all phases of transportation planning and development (including construction, operation, transportation system management and operations, modernization, development, design, maintenance, safety, financing, and traffic conditions); and

(C) the effect of State laws on the activities described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(2)

(3)

(A) independently;

(B) in cooperation with other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities and Federal laboratories; or

(C) by making grants to, or entering into contracts and cooperative agreements with one or more of the following: the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, any Federal laboratory, Federal agency, State agency, authority, association, institution, for-profit or nonprofit corporation, organization, foreign country, or any other person.

(4)

(5)

(A)

(B)

(6)

(A)

(B)

(c)

(1)

(A) non-Federal entities, including State and local governments, foreign governments, colleges and universities, corporations, institutions, partnerships, sole proprietorships, and trade associations that are incorporated or established under the laws of any State; and

(B) Federal laboratories.

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(5)

(d)

(1) Development, use, and dissemination of indicators, including appropriate computer programs for collecting and analyzing data on the status of infrastructure facilities, to measure the performance of the surface transportation systems of the United States, including productivity, efficiency, energy use, air quality, congestion, safety, maintenance, and other factors that reflect system performance.

(2) Methods, materials, and testing to improve the durability of surface transportation infrastructure facilities and extend the life of bridge structures, including—

(A) new and innovative technologies to reduce corrosion;

(B) tests simulating seismic activity, vibration, and weather; and

(C) the use of innovative recycled materials.

(3) Technologies and practices that reduce costs and minimize disruptions associated with the construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of surface transportation systems, including responses to natural disasters.

(4) Development of nondestructive evaluation equipment for use with existing infrastructure facilities and with next-generation infrastructure facilities that use advanced materials.

(5) Dynamic simulation models of surface transportation systems for—

(A) predicting capacity, safety, and infrastructure durability problems;

(B) evaluating planned research projects; and

(C) testing the strengths and weaknesses of proposed revisions to surface transportation system management and operations programs.

(6) Economic highway geometrics, structures, and desirable weight and size standards for vehicles using the public highways and the feasibility of uniformity in State regulations with respect to such standards.

(7) Telecommuting and the linkages between transportation, information technology, and community development and the impact of technological change and economic restructuring on travel demand.

(8) Expansion of knowledge of implementing life cycle cost analysis, including—

(A) establishing the appropriate analysis period and discount rates;

(B) learning how to value and properly consider use costs;

(C) determining tradeoffs between reconstruction and rehabilitation; and

(D) establishing methodologies for balancing higher initial costs of new technologies and improved or advanced materials against lower maintenance costs.

(9) Standardized estimates, to be developed in conjunction with the National Institute of Standards and Technology and other appropriate organizations, of useful life under various conditions for advanced materials of use in surface transportation.

(10) Evaluation of traffic calming measures that promote community preservation, transportation mode choice, and safety.

(11) Development and implementation of safety-enhancing equipment, including unobtrusive eyetracking technology.

(12) Investigation and development of various operational methodologies to reduce the occurrence and impact of recurrent congestion and nonrecurrent congestion and increase transportation system reliability.

(13) Investigation of processes, procedures, and technologies to secure container and hazardous material transport, including the evaluation of regulations and the impact of good security practices on commerce and productivity.

(14) Research, development, and technology transfer related to asset management.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) Characterization of materials used in highway infrastructure, including analytical techniques, microstructure modeling, and the deterioration processes.

(B) Assessment of the effects of transportation decisions on human health.

(C) Development of surrogate measures of safety.

(D) Environmental research.

(E) Data acquisition techniques for system condition and performance monitoring.

(F) System performance data and information processing needed to assess the day-to-day operational performance of the system in support of hour-to-hour operational decisionmaking.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) monitor, material-test, and evaluate highway test sections in existence as of the date of the grant, agreement, or contract;

(B) analyze the data obtained under subparagraph (A); and

(C) prepare products to fulfill program objectives and meet future pavement technology needs.

(g)

(1) in consultation and cooperation with Federal agencies participating in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program established by section 5 of the Earthquake Hazards Reduction Act of 1977 (42 U.S.C. 7704), coordinate the conduct of seismic research;

(2) take such actions as are necessary to ensure that the coordination of the research is consistent with—

(A) planning and coordination activities of the National Institute of Standards and Technology under section 5(b)(1) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7704(b)(1)); and

(B) the plan developed by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology under section 8(b) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7705b(b)); and

(3) in cooperation with the Center for Civil Engineering Research at the University of Nevada, Reno, and the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research at the University of Buffalo, carry out a seismic research program—

(A) to study the vulnerability of the Federal-aid system and other surface transportation systems to seismic activity;

(B) to develop and implement cost-effective methods to reduce the vulnerability; and

(C) to conduct seismic research and upgrade earthquake simulation facilities as necessary to carry out the program.

(h)

(1)

(A) estimates of the future highway, transit, and bridge needs of the United States; and

(B) the backlog of current highway, transit, and bridge needs.

(2)

(i)

(1)

(2)

(A) the conduct of highway research and development related to new highway technology;

(B) the development of understandings, tools, and techniques that provide solutions to complex technical problems through the development of economical and environmentally sensitive designs, efficient and quality-controlled construction practices, and durable materials; and

(C) the development of innovative highway products and practices.

(j)

(1)

(2)

(A) monitor, material-test, and evaluate test bridges;

(B) analyze the data obtained under subparagraph (A); and

(C) prepare products to fulfill program objectives and meet future bridge technology needs.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5102, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 422; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §§5201(b)–(g), (i)(1), (j)(1), (k), (*l*), 5202(a)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1781–1785; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §111(g)(1), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1605; Pub. L. 111–350, §5(e)(2), Jan. 4, 2011, 124 Stat. 3847.)

The Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (c)(4), is Pub. L. 96–480, Oct. 21, 1980, 94 Stat. 2311, which is classified generally to chapter 63 (§3701 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short title note set out under section 3701 of Title 15 and Tables.

A prior section 502, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 831, related to State assurances of adequate highway relocation assistance program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2011**—Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 111–350 substituted “Section 6101(b) to (d) of title 41” for “Section 3709 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S.C. 5)”.

**2008**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 110–244 struck out subsec. (h) relating to infrastructure investment needs report to be submitted not later than Jan. 31, 1999, and Jan. 31 of every second year thereafter.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(2), added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (a) as (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).

Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(e)(1), inserted “transportation system management and operations,” after “operation,”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(c), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary may carry out this section—

“(A) independently;

“(B) in cooperation with other Federal departments, agencies, and instrumentalities and Federal laboratories; or

“(C) by making grants to, or entering into contracts, cooperative agreements, and other transactions with, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, or any Federal laboratory, State agency, authority, association, institution, for-profit or nonprofit corporation, organization, foreign country, or person.”

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(d), added par. (6).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c). Former subsec. (c) redesignated (d).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(f), amended heading and text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “In carrying out this subsection, the Secretary may enter into cooperative research and development agreements (as defined in section 12 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3710a)).”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (c) as (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

Subsec. (d)(5)(C). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(e)(2), inserted “system management and” before “operations programs”.

Subsec. (d)(12) to (14). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(e)(3), added pars. (12) to (14).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(g), amended heading and text of subsec. (e) generally, substituting provisions relating to exploratory advanced research for provisions relating to establishment of an advanced research program and authorizing the Secretary to make grants and enter into cooperative agreements and contracts in such areas including: characterization of materials used in highway infrastructure; diagnostics for evaluation of the condition of bridge and pavement structures to enable the assessment of risks of failure; design and construction details for composite structures; safety technology-based problems in the areas of pedestrian and bicycle safety, roadside hazards, and composite materials for roadside safety hardware; environmental research, including particulate matter source apportionment and model development; data acquisition techniques for system condition and performance monitoring; and human factors, including prediction of the response of travelers to new technologies.

Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(i)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (f) generally, substituting provisions authorizing tests, monitoring, and data analysis under the long-term pavement performance program through Sept. 30, 2009, for provisions directing the completion of long-term pavement performance program tests through the midpoint of a planned 20-year life of the long-term pavement performance program.

Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f). Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(j)(1), amended heading and text of subsec. (g) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (g) directed the Secretary to establish a seismic research program and to conduct such program in cooperation with the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research at the University of Buffalo and in consultation and cooperation with Federal departments and agencies participating in the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.

Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (h).

Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(k), added subsec. (h) relating to infrastructure investment needs report to be submitted not later than July 31, 2006, and July 31 of every second year thereafter.

Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (g), relating to infrastructure investment needs report to be submitted not later than Jan. 31, 1999, and Jan. 31 of every second year thereafter, as (h).

Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 109–59, §5201(*l*), added subsec. (i).

Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 109–59, §5202(a)(1), added subsec. (j).

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5501, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1820, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5502, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1820, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A) to examine the effectiveness of surface transportation congestion management systems since enactment of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (Public Law 102–240) [Dec. 18, 1991];

“(B) to identify best case examples of locally designed reporting methods and incorporate such methods in research on national models for developing and recommending improved surface transportation congestion measurement and reporting; and

“(C) to incorporate such methods in the development of national models and methods to monitor, measure, and report surface transportation congestion information.

“(2)

“(A) to analyze the effectiveness of procedures used by State transportation departments and metropolitan planning organizations to assess surface transportation congestion problems and communicate those problems to decisionmakers; and

“(B) to identify methods to ensure that the results of surface transportation congestion analyses lead to the targeting of funding for programs, projects, or services with demonstrated effectiveness in reducing travel delay, congestion, and system unreliability.

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5513(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1829, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) to employ a TIIS in a field environment, along the Interstate, to further assess the system's ability to identify faults in tires, brakes, and bearings mounted on commercial motor vehicles;

“(B) to establish, through statistical analysis, the probability of failure for each component; and

“(C) to develop and integrate a predictive tool into the TIIS, which identifies an impending tire, brake, or bearing failure and provides the use of a time frame in which this failure may occur.

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5112, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 445, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5506, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1823, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5113, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 445, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(d)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5204(g), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1794, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5117, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 448, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9011(g), (h), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 864; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §3769 [369]], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681–478; Pub. L. 107–117, div. B, §1101, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2330; Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5508, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1824, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(3)

“(A)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(iii)

“(I) has a population exceeding 300,000; and

“(II) meets criteria established by the Secretary in conjunction with the intelligent vehicle highway systems corridors program.

“(iv)

“(v)

“(vi)

“(I) a State transportation department (as defined in section 101 of title 23, United States Code); and

“(II) a designee of a State transportation department (as so defined) for the purpose of entering into contracts.

“(vii)

“(B)

“(i)

“(I) aid in transportation planning and analysis; and

“(II) make a significant contribution to the ITS program under this title [see Tables for classification].

“(ii)

“(I) to build or integrate an infrastructure of the measurement of various transportation system metrics to aid in planning, analysis, and maintenance of the Department of Transportation, including the buildout, maintenance, and operation of greater than 40 metropolitan area systems with a total cost not to exceed $2,000,000 for each metropolitan area;

“(II) to provide private technology commercialization initiatives to generate revenues that will be reinvested in the intelligent transportation infrastructure system;

“(III) to aggregate data into reports for multipoint data distribution techniques; and

“(IV) with respect to part I of the program under subparagraph (C), to use an advanced information system designed and monitored by an entity with experience with the Department of Transportation in the design and monitoring of high-reliability, mission-critical voice and data systems.

“(C)

“(i)

“(I) in accordance with the terms of the original contract; and

“(II) in any deployment area, with the consent of the State transportation department for the deployment area.

“(ii)

“(iii)

“(D)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(I) for individual congested areas among entities that seek to deploy intelligent transportation infrastructure systems in the congested areas; and

“(II) on the condition that the terms of each contract awarded requires the entity deploying such system to ensure that the deployed system is compatible (as determined by the Secretary) with systems deployed in other congested areas under this paragraph.

“(iii)

“(E)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(F)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(I)

“(II)

“(G)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(I) to regulate highway safety; or

“(II) under sections 253 and 332(c)(7) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 253, 332(c)(7)).

“(H)

“(4)

“(A)

“(B)

“(5)

“(A)

“(B)

“(6)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(7)

“(A)

“(B)

“(8)

“(A)

“(B)

“(i)

“(I) systematically test, evaluate, develop appropriate guidelines for, and demonstrate environmentally acceptable and occupationally safe technologies and techniques for the increased use of traditional and nontraditional recycled and secondary materials in transportation infrastructure construction and maintenance;

“(II) make information available to State transportation departments, the Federal Highway Administration, the construction industry, and other interested parties to assist in evaluating proposals to use traditional and nontraditional recycled and secondary materials in transportation infrastructure construction;

“(III) encourage the increased use of traditional and nontraditional recycled and secondary materials by using sound science to analyze thoroughly all potential long-term considerations that affect the physical and environmental performance of the materials; and

“(IV) work cooperatively with Federal and State officials to reduce the institutional barriers that limit widespread use of traditional and nontraditional recycled and secondary materials and to ensure that such increased use is consistent with the sustained environmental and physical integrity of the infrastructure in which the materials are used.

“(ii)

“(I) use test sites and demonstration projects under actual field conditions to develop appropriate performance data; and

“(II) develop appropriate tests and guidelines to ensure correct use of recycled and secondary materials in transportation infrastructure construction.

“(C)

“(i)

“(ii)

“(iii)

“(D)

Pub. L. 105–178, title V, subtitle C, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 452, as amended by Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9011(c), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 863; Pub. L. 105–277, div. A, §101(g) [title III, §370], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681–439, 2681–478; Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5509, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1828, provided that:

“This subtitle may be cited as the ‘Intelligent Transportation Systems Act of 1998’.

“Congress finds that—

“(1) investments authorized by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (105 Stat. 1914 et seq.) [Pub. L. 104–240, see Tables for classification] have demonstrated that intelligent transportation systems can mitigate surface transportation problems in a cost-effective manner; and

“(2) continued investment in architecture and standards development, research, and systems integration is needed to accelerate the rate at which intelligent transportation systems are incorporated into the national surface transportation network, thereby improving transportation safety and efficiency and reducing costs and negative impacts on communities and the environment.

“(a)

“(1) enhancement of surface transportation efficiency and facilitation of intermodalism and international trade to enable existing facilities to meet a significant portion of future transportation needs, including public access to employment, goods, and services, and to reduce regulatory, financial, and other transaction costs to public agencies and system users;

“(2) achievement of national transportation safety goals, including the enhancement of safe operation of motor vehicles and nonmotorized vehicles, with particular emphasis on decreasing the number and severity of collisions;

“(3) protection and enhancement of the natural environment and communities affected by surface transportation, with particular emphasis on assisting State and local governments to achieve national environmental goals;

“(4) accommodation of the needs of all users of surface transportation systems, including operators of commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles, and motorcycles, and including individuals with disabilities; and

“(5) improvement of the Nation's ability to respond to emergencies and natural disasters and enhancement of national defense mobility.

“(b)

“(1) expedite, in both metropolitan and rural areas, deployment and integration of intelligent transportation systems for consumers of passenger and freight transportation;

“(2) ensure that Federal, State, and local transportation officials have adequate knowledge of intelligent transportation systems for full consideration in the transportation planning process;

“(3) improve regional cooperation and operations planning for effective intelligent transportation system deployment;

“(4) promote the innovative use of private resources;

“(5) develop a workforce capable of developing, operating, and maintaining intelligent transportation systems; and

“(6) complete deployment of Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and Networks in a majority of States by September 30, 2003.

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(A) maintain a repository for technical and safety data collected as a result of federally sponsored projects carried out under this subtitle; and

“(B) on request, make that information (except for proprietary information and data) readily available to all users of the repository at an appropriate cost.

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(i)

“(1)

“(2)

“(j)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(2)

“(k)

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) specify the goals, objectives, and milestones for the research and deployment of intelligent transportation systems in the context of major metropolitan areas, smaller metropolitan and rural areas, and commercial vehicle operations;

“(B) specify how specific programs and projects will achieve the goals, objectives, and milestones referred to in subparagraph (A), including consideration of the 5- and 10-year timeframes for the goals and objectives;

“(C) identify activities that provide for the dynamic development of standards and protocols to promote and ensure interoperability in the implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies, including actions taken to establish critical standards; and

“(D) establish a cooperative process with State and local governments for determining desired surface transportation system performance levels and developing plans for incorporation of specific intelligent transportation system capabilities into surface transportation systems.

“(b)

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) projects designed to achieve specific research objectives outlined in the National ITS Program Plan under section 5205 or the Surface Transportation Research and Development Strategic Plan developed under section 508 of title 23, United States Code; or

“(B) the upgrade or expansion of an intelligent transportation system in existence on the date of enactment of this subtitle [June 9, 1998], if the Secretary determines that the upgrade or expansion—

“(i) would not adversely affect the goals or purposes of this subtitle;

“(ii) is carried out before the end of the useful life of such system; and

“(iii) is cost-effective as compared to alternatives that would meet the conformity requirement of paragraph (1).

“(3)

“(f)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) address traffic management, incident management, transit management, toll collection, traveler information, or highway operations systems;

“(2) focus on crash-avoidance and integration of in-vehicle crash protection technologies with other on-board safety systems, including the interaction of air bags and safety belts;

“(3) incorporate human factors research, including the science of the driving process;

“(4) facilitate the integration of intelligent infrastructure, vehicle, and control technologies, including magnetic guidance control systems or other materials or magnetics research; or

“(5) incorporate research on the impact of environmental, weather, and natural conditions on intelligent transportation systems, including the effects of cold climates.

“(c)

“(d)

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1) shall be used primarily for the development of intelligent transportation system infrastructure; and

“(2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall not be used for the construction of physical highway and transit infrastructure unless the construction is incidental and critically necessary to the implementation of an intelligent transportation system project.

“(c)

“(1) an analysis of the life-cycle costs of operation and maintenance of intelligent transportation system elements, if the total initial capital costs of the elements exceed $3,000,000; and

“(2) a multiyear financing and operations plan that describes how the project will be cost-effectively operated and maintained.

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“In this subtitle, the following definitions apply:

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) means motor carrier operations and motor vehicle regulatory activities associated with the commercial movement of goods, including hazardous materials, and passengers; and

“(B) with respect to the public sector, includes the issuance of operating credentials, the administration of motor vehicle and fuel taxes, and roadside safety and border crossing inspection and regulatory compliance operations.

“(3)

“(4)

“(5)

“(6)

“(A) the functions associated with intelligent transportation system user services;

“(B) the physical entities or subsystems within which the functions reside;

“(C) the data interfaces and information flows between physical subsystems; and

“(D) the communications requirements associated with the information flows.

“(7)

“(A) contains technical specifications or other precise criteria for intelligent transportation systems that are to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics so as to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purposes; and

“(B) may support the national architecture and promote—

“(i) the widespread use and adoption of intelligent transportation system technology as a component of the surface transportation systems of the United States; and

“(ii) interoperability among intelligent transportation system technologies implemented throughout the States.

“(8)

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240] is amended by striking part B [§§6051–6059] of title VI (23 U.S.C. 307 note; 105 Stat. 2189).”

[Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5509, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1828, provided that the amendment made by section 5509, repealing sections 5208 and 5209 of Pub. L. 105–178, set out above, is effective Oct. 1 2005.]

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6011, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2179, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(h)

“(i)

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6016, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2182, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) Fundamental composition studies.

“(2) Fundamental physical and rheological property studies.

“(3) Asphalt-aggregate interaction studies.

“(4) Coordination of composition studies, physical and rheological property studies, and asphalt-aggregate interaction studies for the purposes of predicting pavement performance, including refinements of Strategic Highway Research Program specifications.

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(e)

“(f)

[For termination, effective May 15, 2000, of annual reporting provisions in section 6016(e) of Pub. L. 102–240, set out above, see section 3003 of Pub. L. 104–66, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance, and page 139 of House Document No. 103–7.]

Pub. L. 95–599, title I, §166, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2722, provided that: “The Secretary of Transportation shall make a full and complete investigation and study of all those factors affecting the safe and efficient operation of bridges, tunnels, and roads within the United States, including, but not limited to, structural, operational, environmental, and civil disturbance factors.”

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(A)

(B)

(8)

(9)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A) the development of new, cost-effective, innovative highway bridge applications;

(B) the development of construction techniques to increase safety and reduce construction time and traffic congestion;

(C) the development of engineering design criteria for innovative products, materials, and structural systems for use in highway bridges and structures;

(D) the reduction of maintenance costs and life-cycle costs of bridges, including the costs of new construction, replacement, or rehabilitation of deficient bridges;

(E) the development of highway bridges and structures that will withstand natural disasters;

(F) the documentation and wide dissemination of objective evaluations of the performance and benefits of these innovative designs, materials, and construction methods;

(G) the effective transfer of resulting information and technology; and

(H) the development of improved methods to detect bridge scour and economical bridge foundation designs that will withstand bridge scour.

(3)

(A)

(i) States, other Federal agencies, universities and colleges, private sector entities, and nonprofit organizations to pay the Federal share of the cost of research, development, and technology transfer concerning innovative materials; and

(ii) States to pay the Federal share of the cost of repair, rehabilitation, replacement, and new construction of bridges or structures that demonstrate the application of innovative materials.

(B)

(4)

(5)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(A) the deployment of new, cost-effective, innovative designs, materials, recycled materials (including taconite tailings and foundry sand), and practices to extend pavement life and performance and to improve customer satisfaction;

(B) the reduction of initial costs and life-cycle costs of pavements, including the costs of new construction, replacement, maintenance, and rehabilitation;

(C) the deployment of accelerated construction techniques to increase safety and reduce construction time and traffic disruption and congestion;

(D) the deployment of engineering design criteria and specifications for innovative practices, products, and materials for use in highway pavements;

(E) the deployment of new nondestructive and real-time pavement evaluation technologies and techniques;

(F) the evaluation, refinement, and documentation of the performance and benefits of innovative technologies deployed to improve life, performance, cost effectiveness, safety, and customer satisfaction;

(G) effective technology transfer and information dissemination to accelerate implementation of innovative technologies and to improve life, performance, cost effectiveness, safety, and customer satisfaction; and

(H) the development of designs and materials to reduce storm water runoff.

(3)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) the deployment and evaluation of safety technologies and innovations at State and local levels; and

(B) the deployment of best practices in training, management, design, and planning.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(4)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5103, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 427; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §§5202(b)(1), (2), 5203(a), (b)(1), (c)(1), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1786–1789.)

The date of enactment of this section, referred to in subsec. (a)(3)(A), (6), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 105–178, which was approved June 9, 1998.

A prior section 503, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 831, related to administration of highway relocation assistance program, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(a)(1), struck out “

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(a)(2), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The Secretary shall develop and administer a national technology deployment initiatives and partnerships program.”

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(a)(3), added par. (7) and struck out heading and text of former par. (7). Text read as follows: “Under the program, the Secretary may make grants and enter into cooperative agreements and contracts to foster alliances and support efforts to stimulate advances in transportation technology, including—

“(A) the testing and evaluation of products of the strategic highway research program;

“(B) the further development and implementation of technology in areas such as the Superpave system and the use of lithium salts and other alternatives to prevent and mitigate alkali silica reactivity;

“(C) the provision of support for long-term pavement performance product implementation and technology access; and

“(D) other activities to achieve the goals established under paragraph (3).”

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(a)(4), added par. (8) and struck out heading and text of former par. (8). Text read as follows: “Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this section, and biennially thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representatives a report on the progress and results of activities carried out under this section.”

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §5202(b)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall establish and carry out a program to demonstrate the application of innovative material technology in the construction of bridges and other structures.”

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §5202(b)(2), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The goals of the program shall include—

“(A) the development of new, cost-effective innovative material highway bridge applications;

“(B) the reduction of maintenance costs and life-cycle costs of bridges, including the costs of new construction, replacement, or rehabilitation of deficient bridges;

“(C) the development of construction techniques to increase safety and reduce construction time and traffic congestion;

“(D) the development of engineering design criteria for innovative products and materials for use in highway bridges and structures;

“(E) the development of cost-effective and innovative techniques to separate vehicle and pedestrian traffic from railroad traffic;

“(F) the development of highway bridges and structures that will withstand natural disasters, including alternative processes for the seismic retrofit of bridges; and

“(G) the development of new nondestructive bridge evaluation technologies and techniques.”

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(b)(1), added subsec. (c).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(c)(1), added subsec. (d).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, §5203(d), added subsec. (e).

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5202(c), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1786, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5202(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1787, provided that:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) Federal Highway Administration, State, and local transportation agency employees;

(B) regional, State, and metropolitan planning organizations;

(C) State and local police, public safety, and motor vehicle employees; and

(D) United States citizens and foreign nationals engaged or to be engaged in surface transportation work of interest to the United States.

(3)

(A)

(i) develop or update existing courses in asset management, including courses that include such components as—

(I) the determination of life-cycle costs;

(II) the valuation of assets;

(III) benefit-to-cost ratio calculations; and

(IV) objective decisionmaking processes for project selection; and

(ii) continually develop courses relating to the application of emerging technologies for—

(I) transportation infrastructure applications and asset management;

(II) intelligent transportation systems;

(III) operations (including security operations);

(IV) the collection and archiving of data;

(V) expediting the planning and development of transportation projects; and

(VI) the intermodal movement of individuals and freight.

(B)

(C)

(i) review the course inventory of the Institute; and

(ii) revise or cease to offer courses based on course content, applicability, and need.

(4)

(5)

(A)

(i) by the Secretary at no cost to the States and local governments if the Secretary determines that provision at no cost is in the public interest; or

(ii) by the State through grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts with public and private agencies, institutions, individuals, and the Institute.

(B)

(6)

(A) engage in training activities authorized under this subsection, including the granting of training fellowships; and

(B) carry out its authority independently or in cooperation with any other branch of the Federal Government or any State agency, authority, association, institution, for-profit or nonprofit corporation, other national or international entity, or other person.

(7)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(i) persons and entities for whom education or training programs are developed or administered under this subsection; and

(ii) persons and entities to whom education or training is provided under this subsection.

(D)

(E)

(8)

(b)

(1)

(A) highway and transportation agencies in urbanized and rural areas;

(B) contractors that perform work for the agencies; and

(C) infrastructure security staff.

(2)

(A) assist rural, local transportation agencies and tribal governments, and the consultants and construction personnel working for the agencies and governments, to—

(i) develop and expand expertise in road and transportation areas (including pavement, bridge, concrete structures, intermodal connections, safety management systems, intelligent transportation systems, incident response, operations, and traffic safety countermeasures);

(ii) improve roads and bridges;

(iii) enhance—

(I) programs for the movement of passengers and freight; and

(II) intergovernmental transportation planning and project selection; and

(iv) deal effectively with special transportation-related problems by preparing and providing training packages, manuals, guidelines, and technical resource materials;

(B) develop technical assistance for tourism and recreational travel;

(C) identify, package, and deliver transportation technology and traffic safety information to local jurisdictions to assist urban transportation agencies in developing and expanding their ability to deal effectively with transportation-related problems (particularly the promotion of regional cooperation);

(D) operate, in cooperation with State transportation departments and universities—

(i) local technical assistance program centers designated to provide transportation technology transfer services to rural areas and to urbanized areas; and

(ii) local technical assistance program centers designated to provide transportation technical assistance to tribal governments; and

(E) allow local transportation agencies and tribal governments, in cooperation with the private sector, to enhance new technology implementation.

(3)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) internships that offer students experience in the transportation field;

(B) programs that allow students to spend time observing scientists and engineers in the transportation field; and

(C) developing relevant curriculum that uses examples and problems related to transportation.

(3)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(e)

(1)

(A) tuition and direct educational expenses, excluding salaries, in connection with the education and training of employees of State and local transportation agencies;

(B) employee professional development;

(C) student internships;

(D) university or community college support; and

(E) education activities, including outreach, to develop interest and promote participation in surface transportation careers.

(2)

(3)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(A) the degree to which the new curricula or education program meets the specific needs of a segment of the transportation industry, States, or regions;

(B) providing for practical experience and on-the-job training;

(C) proposals oriented toward practitioners in the field rather than the support and growth of the research community;

(D) the degree to which the new curricula or program will provide training in areas other than engineering, such as business administration, economics, information technology, environmental science, and law;

(E) programs or curricula in nontraditional departments that train professionals for work in the transportation field, such as materials, information technology, environmental science, urban planning, and industrial technology; and

(F) the commitment of industry or a State's department of transportation to the program.

(3)

(g)

(1)

(A) better target investments in freight transportation systems to maintain efficiency and productivity; and

(B) strengthen the decisionmaking capacity of State transportation departments and local transportation agencies with respect to freight transportation planning and systems.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) The identification and dissemination of best practices in freight transportation.

(B) Providing opportunities for freight transportation staff to engage in peer exchange.

(C) Refinement of data and analysis tools used in conjunction with assessing freight transportation needs.

(D) Technical assistance to State transportation departments and local transportation agencies reorganizing to address freight transportation issues.

(E) Facilitating relationship building between governmental and private entities involved in freight transportation.

(F) Identifying ways to target the capacity of State transportation departments and local transportation agencies to address freight considerations in operations, security, asset management, and environmental excellence in connection with long-range multimodal transportation planning and project implementation.

(5)

(6) 1 and enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with a Federal agency, State agency, local agency, federally recognized Indian tribal government or tribal consortium, authority, association, nonprofit or for-profit corporation, or institution of higher education, to carry out the purposes of this subsection.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5104, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 429; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5204(a)(1), (b), (d)(1), (e), (h)(1), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1790, 1792–1794.)

A prior section 504, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 831, related to Federal reimbursement for highway relocation assistance, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §5204(a)(1), reenacted heading without change and amended text of par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Institute may develop and administer courses in modern developments, techniques, methods, regulations, management, and procedures relating to surface transportation, environmental mitigation and compliance, acquisition of rights-of-way, relocation assistance, engineering, safety, construction, maintenance and operations, contract administration, motor carrier safety activities, inspection, and highway finance.”

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–59, §5204(b), reenacted heading without change and amended text of subsec. (b) generally, substituting provisions relating to authority to carry out a local technical assistance program, authority to make grants and enter into cooperative agreements and contracts, and Federal share of the cost of activities carried out by tribal technical assistance centers, consisting of pars. (1) to (3), for provisions relating to authority to carry out a local technical assistance program and authority to make grants and enter into cooperative agreements and contracts, consisting of pars. (1) and (2).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §5204(d)(1), added subsec. (d).

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 109–59, §5204(e), added subsecs. (e) and (f).

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 109–59, §5204(h)(1), added subsec. (g).

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5504, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1822, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) provide training, information, and professional resources for small metropolitan and rural regions to pursue innovative strategies to expand the capabilities, capacity, and effectiveness of a region's transportation network, including activities related to freight projects, transit system upgrades, roadways and bridges, and intermodal transfer facilities and operations;

“(2) assist local officials, rural transportation and economic development planners, officials from State departments of transportation and economic development, business leaders, and other stakeholders in developing public-private partnerships to enhance their transportation systems; and

“(3) promote the leveraging of regional transportation planning with regional economic and business development planning to assure that appropriate transportation systems are created.

“(c)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5505, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1822, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(c)

(a)

(1) Engineering and economic surveys and investigations.

(2) The planning of future highway programs and local public transportation systems and the planning of the financing of such programs and systems, including metropolitan and statewide planning under sections 134 and 135.

(3) Development and implementation of management systems under section 303.

(4) Studies of the economy, safety, and convenience of surface transportation systems and the desirable regulation and equitable taxation of such systems.

(5) Research, development, and technology transfer activities necessary in connection with the planning, design, construction, management, and maintenance of highway, public transportation, and intermodal transportation systems.

(6) Study, research, and training on the engineering standards and construction materials for transportation systems described in paragraph (5), including the evaluation and accreditation of inspection and testing and the regulation and taxation of their use.

(7) The conduct of activities relating to the planning of real-time monitoring elements.

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(c)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5105, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 432; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5205, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1795.)

A prior section 505, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 831, related to highway relocation assistance payments, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 109–59, §5205(1), added par. (7).

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 109–59, §5205(2), substituted “for the period described in section 118(b)(2)” for “for the same period as funds apportioned under section 104(b)(1)”.

Pub. L. 87–866, §13, Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1149, as amended by Pub. L. 97–449, §2(a), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2439, provided that:

“(a) The Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the State of Alaska, is hereby authorized to make engineering studies and estimates and planning surveys relative to a highway construction program for the State of Alaska, and, in accordance with treaties or other agreements to be negotiated with Canada by the Secretary of State in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, engineering studies, estimates, and planning surveys relative to connecting Alaskan roads with Canadian roads at the International boundary.

“(b) On or before May 15, 1964, the Secretary of Transportation shall submit a report to the Congress which shall include—

“(1) an analysis of the adequacy of the Federal-aid highway program to provide for a satisfactory program in both the populated and the undeveloped areas in Alaska;

“(2) specific recommendations as to the construction of roads through undeveloped areas of Alaska and connection of such roads with Canadian roads at the International boundary; and

“(3) a feasible program for implementing such specific recommendations, including cost estimates, recommendations as to the sharing of cost responsibilities, and other pertinent matters.

“(c) From time to time, either before or after submission of the report provided for in subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary of Transportation may submit recommendations to the Congress with respect to the construction of particular highways to carry out the purposes of this section.

“(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed as creating any obligation in the Congress, express or implied, to carry out the recommendations referred to in subsections (b) and (c).

“(e) There is hereby authorized to be appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be available until expended, the sum of $800,000 for the purpose of making the studies, surveys, and report authorized by subsections (a) and (b) hereof.”

(a)

(1) to inform the United States highway community of technological innovations in foreign countries that could significantly improve highway transportation in the United States;

(2) to promote United States highway transportation expertise, goods, and services in foreign countries; and

(3) to increase transfers of United States highway transportation technology to foreign countries.

(b)

(1) the development, monitoring, assessment, and dissemination in the United States of information about highway transportation innovations in foreign countries that could significantly improve highway transportation in the United States;

(2) research, development, demonstration, training, and other forms of technology transfer and exchange;

(3) the provision to foreign countries, through participation in trade shows, seminars, expositions, and other similar activities, of information relating to the technical quality of United States highway transportation goods and services;

(4) the offering of technical services of the Federal Highway Administration that cannot be readily obtained from private sector firms in the United States for incorporation into the proposals of those firms undertaking highway transportation projects outside the United States, if the costs of the technical services will be recovered under the terms of the project;

(5) the conduct of studies to assess the need for, or feasibility of, highway transportation improvements in foreign countries; and

(6) the gathering and dissemination of information on foreign transportation markets and industries.

(c)

(1) Federal, State, or local agency;

(2) authority, association, institution, or organization;

(3) for-profit or nonprofit corporation;

(4) national or international entity;

(5) foreign country; or

(6) person.

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) promotional materials;

(B) travel;

(C) reception and representation expenses; and

(D) salaries and benefits.

(3)

(e)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5106, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 433; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5206(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1795.)

A prior section 506, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 832; amended Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §137, Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1735, related to replacement housing, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to international highway transportation outreach program for similar former provisions which related to, in subsec. (a), establishment of an international highway transportation outreach program, in subsec. (b), activities which could be carried out under the program, in subsec. (c), cooperation with other entities, in subsec. (d), funding, and, in subsec. (e), State obligation of funds.

(a)

(b)

(1) to develop more accurate models for evaluating transportation control measures and transportation system designs that are appropriate for use by State and local governments (including metropolitan planning organizations) in designing implementation plans to meet Federal, State, and local environmental requirements;

(2) to improve understanding of the factors that contribute to the demand for transportation;

(3) to develop indicators of economic, social, and environmental performance of transportation systems to facilitate analysis of potential alternatives;

(4) to meet additional priorities as determined by the Secretary in the strategic planning process under section 508; and

(5) to refine, through the conduct of workshops, symposia, and panels, and in consultation with stakeholders (including the Department of Energy, the Environmental Protection Agency, and other appropriate Federal and State agencies and associations) the scope and research emphases of the program.

(c)

(1) administer the program established under this section; and

(2) ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that—

(A) the best projects and researchers are selected to conduct research in the priority areas described in subsection (b)—

(i) on the basis of merit of each submitted proposal; and

(ii) through the use of open solicitations and selection by a panel of appropriate experts;

(B) a qualified, permanent core staff with the ability and expertise to manage a large multiyear budget is used;

(C) the stakeholders are involved in the governance of the program, at the executive, overall program, and technical levels, through the use of expert panels and committees; and

(D) there is no duplication of research effort between the program established under this section and the new strategic highway research program established under section 510.

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5107, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 434; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5207(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1797.)

A prior section 507, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 832, related to expenses incidental to transfer of property, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to establishment of a surface transportation-environmental cooperative research program, contents of program, administration of program by the Secretary, and grants and agreements with the National Academy of Sciences, for provisions relating to establishment of a a surface transportation-environment cooperative research program, contents of program, establishment of an advisory board to recommend environmental and energy conservation research, technology, and technology transfer activities, and grants and agreements with the National Academy of Sciences.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) describe the primary purposes of the transportation research and development program, which shall include, at a minimum—

(i) reducing congestion and improving mobility;

(ii) promoting safety;

(iii) promoting security;

(iv) protecting and enhancing the environment;

(v) preserving the existing transportation system; and

(vi) improving the durability and extending the life of transportation infrastructure;

(B) for each purpose, list the primary research and development topics that the Department intends to pursue to accomplish that purpose, which may include the fundamental research in the physical and natural sciences, applied research, technology development, and social science research intended for each topic; and

(C) for each research and development topic, describe—

(i) the anticipated annual funding levels for the period covered by the strategic plan; and

(ii) the additional information the Department expects to gain at the end of the period covered by the strategic plan as a result of the research and development in that topic area.

(3)

(A) reflects input from a wide range of stakeholders;

(B) includes and integrates the research and development programs of all the Department's operating administrations, including aviation, transit, rail, and maritime; and

(C) takes into account how research and development by other Federal, State, private sector, and nonprofit institutions contributes to the achievement of the purposes identified under paragraph (2)(A), and avoids unnecessary duplication with these efforts.

(4)

(A) a summary of the Federal transportation research and development activities for the previous fiscal year in each topic area;

(B) the amount of funding spent in each topic area;

(C) a description of the extent to which the research and development is meeting the expectations set forth in paragraph (2)(C)(ii); and

(D) any amendments to the strategic plan.

(b)

(c)

(1) strategic plan under this section;

(2) performance plan required under section 1115 of title 31; and

(3) program performance report required under section 1116 of title 31, with respect to transportation research and development.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title V, §5108, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 435; amended Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5208(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1798.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

A prior section 508, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 833, related to highway relocation services, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to development of a 5-year transportation research and development strategic plan, annual report, and review by the National Research Council, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (c), for provisions relating to establishment of a strategic planning process to determine transportation research and technology development priorities, implementation of programs, development of a strategic plan, merit review and performance measurement, procurement procedures, and requirement of consistency with section 306 of title 5 and sections 1115 and 1116 of title 31, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (f).

Pub. L. 102–240, title VI, §6009, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 2175, as amended by Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §338(c)(1), Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 604, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) despite an annual expenditure in excess of $10,000,000,000 on surface transportation and its infrastructure, the Federal Government has not developed a clear vision of—

“(A) how the surface transportation systems of the 21st century will differ from the present;

“(B) how they will interface with each other and with other forms of transportation;

“(C) how such systems will adjust to changing American population patterns and lifestyles; and

“(D) the role of federally funded research and development in ensuring that appropriate transportation systems are developed and implemented;

“(2) the population of the United States is projected to increase by over 30,000,000 people within the next 20 years, mostly in existing major metropolitan areas, which will result in increased traffic congestion within and between urban areas, more accidents, loss of productive time, and increased cost of transportation unless new technologies are developed to improve public transportation within cities and to move people and goods between cities;

“(3) 18,000,000 crashes, 4,000,000 injuries, and 45,000 fatalities each year on the Nation's highways are intolerable and substantial research is required in order to develop safer technologies in their most useful and economic forms;

“(4) current research and development funding for surface transportation is insufficient to provide the United States with the technologies essential to providing its own advanced transportation systems in the future and, as a result, the United States is becoming increasingly dependent on foreign surface transportation technologies and equipment to meet its expanding surface transportation needs;

“(5) a more active, focused surface transportation research and development program involving cooperation among the Federal Government, United States based industry, and United States universities should be organized on a priority basis;

“(6) intelligent transportation systems represent the best near-term technology for improving surface transportation for public benefit by providing equipment which can improve traffic flow and provide for enhanced safety;

“(7) research and development programs related to surface transportation are fragmented and dispersed throughout government and need to be strengthened and incorporated in an integrated framework within which a consensus on the goals of a national surface transportation research and development program must be developed;

“(8) the inability of government agencies to cooperate effectively, the difficulty of obtaining public support for new systems and rights-of-way, and the high cost of capital financing discourage private firms from investing in the development of new transportation equipment and systems; therefore, the Federal Government should sponsor and coordinate research and development of new technologies to provide safer, more convenient, and affordable transportation systems for use in the future; and

“(9) an effective high technology applied research and development program should be implemented quickly by strengthening the Department of Transportation research and development staff and by contracting with private industry for specific development projects.

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) Details of the Department's surface transportation research and development programs, including appropriate funding levels and a schedule with milestones, preliminary cost estimates, appropriate work scopes, personnel requirements, and estimated costs and goals for the next 3 years for each area of research and development.

“(B) A 10-year projection of long-term programs in surface transportation research and development and recommendations for the appropriate source or mechanism for surface transportation research and development funding, taking into account recommendations of the Research and Development Coordinating Council of the Department of Transportation and the plan of the National Council on Surface Transportation Research.

“(C) Recommendations on changes needed to assure that Federal, State, and local contracting procedures encourage the adoption of advanced technologies developed as a consequence of the research programs in this Act [Pub. L. 102–240, see Tables for classification].

“(4)

“(A) The development, within the shortest period of time possible, of a range of technologies needed to produce convenient, safe, and affordable modes of surface transportation to be available for public use beginning in the mid-1990's.

“(B) Maintenance of a long-term advanced research and development program to provide for next generation surface transportation systems.

“(5)

“(6)

“(7)

“(8)

“(9)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(A) submit research proposals to the advisory committee;

(B) participate in merit reviews of research proposals and peer reviews of research products; and

(C) receive research results.

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(5)

(e)

(1) Techniques for estimating and quantifying public benefits derived from freight transportation projects.

(2) Alternative approaches to calculating the contribution of truck and rail traffic to congestion on specific highway segments.

(3) The feasibility of consolidating origins and destinations for freight movement.

(4) Methods for incorporating estimates of international trade into landside transportation planning.

(5) The use of technology applications to increase capacity of highway lanes dedicated to truck-only traffic.

(6) Development of physical and policy alternatives for separating car and truck traffic.

(7) Ways to synchronize infrastructure improvements with freight transportation demand.

(8) The effect of changing patterns of freight movement on transportation planning decisions relating to rest areas.

(9) Other research areas to identify and address emerging and future research needs related to freight transportation by all modes.

(f)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5209(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1800.)

A prior section 509, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 833, related to relocation assistance programs on Federal highway projects, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5503, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1821, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) identify inefficiencies in the transportation of freight;

“(2) evaluate the safety, productivity, and reduced cost improvements that may be achieved through the use of wireless technologies to address the inefficiencies identified in paragraph (1); and

“(3) conduct, as appropriate, field tests demonstrating the technologies identified in paragraph (2).

“(b)

“(1) Fuel monitoring and management systems.

“(2) Radio frequency identification technology.

“(3) Electronic manifest systems.

“(4) Cargo theft prevention.

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

(a)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(A) Renewal of aging highway infrastructure with minimal impact to users of the facilities.

(B) Driving behavior and likely crash causal factors to support improved countermeasures.

(C) Reducing highway congestion due to nonrecurring congestion.

(D) Planning and designing new road capacity to meet mobility, economic, environmental, and community needs.

(2)

(d)

(1) projects and researchers are selected to conduct research for the program on the basis of merit and open solicitation of proposals and review by panels of appropriate experts;

(2) State department of transportation officials and other stakeholders, as appropriate, are involved in the governance of the program at the overall program level and technical level through the use of expert panels and committees;

(3) the Council acquires a qualified, permanent core staff with the ability and expertise to manage the program and multiyear budget; and

(4) there is no duplication of research effort between the program and any other research effort of the Department.

(e)

(1)

(2)

(A) an identification of the most promising results of research under the program (including the persons most likely to use the results);

(B) a discussion of potential incentives for, impediments to, and methods of, implementing those results;

(C) an estimate of costs of implementation of those results; and

(D) recommendations on methods by which implementation of those results should be conducted, coordinated, and supported in future years, including a discussion of the administrative structure and organization best suited to carry out those recommendations.

(3)

(A) the Federal Highway Administration;

(B) the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; and

(C) the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.

(4)

(f)

(1)

(2)

(g)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(h)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5210(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1801; amended Pub. L. 111–322, title II, §2203(d), Dec. 22, 2010, 124 Stat. 3526.)

A prior section 510, added Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §117(b), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1724, related to construction of replacement housing, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

Another prior section 510 was renumbered section 511 of this title and subsequently repealed.

**2010**—Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 111–322 added subsec. (h).

(a)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5211(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1804.)

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (b), is Pub. L. 102–240, Dec. 18, 1991, 105 Stat. 1914, as amended. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title of 1991 Amendment note set out under section 101 of Title 49, Transportation, and Tables.

A prior section 511, formerly 510, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 834; renumbered §511, Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §117(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1724, related to authority of Secretary, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

Another prior section 511 was renumbered section 512 of this title and subsequently repealed.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) specify the goals, objectives, and milestones for the research and deployment of intelligent transportation systems in the contexts of—

(i) major metropolitan areas;

(ii) smaller metropolitan and rural areas; and

(iii) commercial vehicle operations;

(B) specify the manner in which specific programs and projects will achieve the goals, objectives, and milestones referred to in subparagraph (A), including consideration of a 5-year timeframe for the goals and objectives;

(C) identify activities that provide for the dynamic development, testing, and necessary revision of standards and protocols to promote and ensure interoperability in the implementation of intelligent transportation system technologies, including actions taken to establish standards; and

(D) establish a cooperative process with State and local governments for—

(i) determining desired surface transportation system performance levels; and

(ii) developing plans for accelerating the incorporation of specific intelligent transportation system capabilities into surface transportation systems.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5301(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1804.)

The date of enactment of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59, which was approved Aug. 10, 2005.

A prior section 512, formerly 511, added Pub. L. 90–495, §30, Aug. 23, 1968, 82 Stat. 834; renumbered §512, Pub. L. 91–605, title I, §117(a), Dec. 31, 1970, 84 Stat. 1724, related to definitions for chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 91–646, title II, §220(a)(10), Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1903.

Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §§5303–5310, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1806–1813, provided that:

“(a)

“(1) enhancement of surface transportation efficiency and facilitation of intermodalism and international trade to enable existing facilities to meet a significant portion of future transportation needs, including public access to employment, goods, and services and to reduce regulatory, financial, and other transaction costs to public agencies and system users;

“(2) achievement of national transportation safety goals, including the enhancement of safe operation of motor vehicles and nonmotorized vehicles and improved emergency response to a crash, with particular emphasis on decreasing the number and severity of collisions;

“(3) protection and enhancement of the natural environment and communities affected by surface transportation, with particular emphasis on assisting State and local governments to achieve national environmental goals;

“(4) accommodation of the needs of all users of surface transportation systems, including operators of commercial motor vehicles, passenger motor vehicles, motorcycles, bicycles and pedestrians, including individuals with disabilities; and

“(5) improvement of the Nation's ability to respond to security-related or other manmade emergencies and natural disasters and enhancement of national defense mobility.

“(b)

“(1) expedite, in both metropolitan and rural areas, deployment and integration of intelligent transportation systems for consumers of passenger and freight transportation;

“(2) ensure that Federal, State, and local transportation officials have adequate knowledge of intelligent transportation systems for consideration in the transportation planning process;

“(3) improve regional cooperation and operations planning for effective intelligent transportation system deployment;

“(4) promote the innovative use of private resources;

“(5) facilitate, in cooperation with the motor vehicle industry, the introduction of vehicle-based safety enhancing systems;

“(6) support the application of intelligent transportation systems that increase the safety and efficiency of commercial motor vehicle operations;

“(7) develop a workforce capable of developing, operating, and maintaining intelligent transportation systems; and

“(8) provide continuing support for operations and maintenance of intelligent transportation systems.

“Funds made available to carry out this subtitle [subtitle C (§§5301–5310) of title V of Pub. L. 109–59, enacting this section and section 513 of this title] for operational tests—

“(1) shall be used primarily for the development of intelligent transportation system infrastructure; and

“(2) to the maximum extent practicable, shall not be used for the construction of physical highway and public transportation infrastructure unless the construction is incidental and critically necessary to the implementation of an intelligent transportation system project.

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(f)

“(g)

“(1)

“(A) maintain a repository for technical and safety data collected as a result of federally sponsored projects carried out under this subtitle (including the amendments made by this subtitle); and

“(B) make, on request, that information (except for proprietary information and data) readily available to all users of the repository at an appropriate cost.

“(2)

“(A)

“(B)

“(3)

“(h)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) a representative from a State highway department;

“(B) a representative from a local highway department who is not from a metropolitan planning organization;

“(C) a representative from a State, local, or regional transit agency;

“(D) a representative from a metropolitan planning organization;

“(E) a private sector user of intelligent transportation system technologies;

“(F) an academic researcher with expertise in computer science or another information science field related to intelligent transportation systems, and who is not an expert on transportation issues;

“(G) an academic researcher who is a civil engineer;

“(H) an academic researcher who is a social scientist with expertise in transportation issues;

“(I) a representative from a nonprofit group representing the intelligent transportation system industry;

“(J) a representative from a public interest group concerned with safety;

“(K) a representative from a public interest group concerned with the impact of the transportation system on land use and residential patterns; and

“(L) members with expertise in planning, safety, and operations.

“(3)

“(A) Provide input into the development of the Intelligent Transportation System aspects of the strategic plan under section 508 of title 23, United States Code.

“(B) Review, at least annually, areas of intelligent transportation systems research being considered for funding by the Department, to determine—

“(i) whether these activities are likely to advance either the state-of-the-practice or state-of-the-art in intelligent transportation systems;

“(ii) whether the intelligent transportation system technologies are likely to be deployed by users, and if not, to determine the barriers to deployment; and

“(iii) the appropriate roles for government and the private sector in investing in the research and technologies being considered.

“(4)

“(A) all recommendations made by the Advisory Committee during the preceding calendar year;

“(B) an explanation of how the Secretary has implemented those recommendations; and

“(C) for recommendations not implemented, the reasons for rejecting the recommendations.

“(5)

“(i)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(2)

“(a)

“(b)

“(1) enhance mobility and productivity through improved traffic management, incident management, transit management, freight management, road weather management, toll collection, traveler information, or highway operations systems and remote sensing products;

“(2) utilize interdisciplinary approaches to develop traffic management strategies and tools to address multiple impacts of congestion concurrently;

“(3) address traffic management, incident management, transit management, toll collection traveler information, or highway operations systems with goals of—

“(A) reducing metropolitan congestion by not less than 5 percent by 2010;

“(B) ensuring that a national, interoperable 5–1–1 system, along with a national traffic information system that includes a user-friendly, comprehensive website, is fully implemented for use by travelers throughout the United States by September 30, 2010; and

“(C)(i) improving incident management response, particularly in rural areas, so that rural emergency response times are reduced by an average of 10 minutes; and

“(ii) improving communication between emergency care providers and trauma centers;

“(4) incorporate research on the impact of environmental, weather, and natural conditions on intelligent transportation systems, including the effects of cold climates;

“(5) enhance intermodal use of intelligent transportation systems for diverse groups, including for emergency and health-related services;

“(6) enhance safety through improved crash avoidance and protection, crash and other notification, commercial motor vehicle operations, and infrastructure-based or cooperative safety systems; and

“(7) facilitate the integration of intelligent infrastructure, vehicle, and control technologies.

“(c)

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(A)

“(B)

“(C)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) projects designed to achieve specific research objectives outlined in the national intelligent transportation system program plan or the surface transportation research and development strategic plan developed under section 508 of title 23, United States Code; or

“(B) the upgrade or expansion of an intelligent transportation system in existence on the date of enactment of this Act [Aug. 10, 2005] if the Secretary determines that the upgrade or expansion—

“(i) would not adversely affect the goals or purposes of this subtitle [subtitle C (§§5301–5310) of title V of Pub. L. 109–59, enacting this section and section 513 of this title];

“(ii) is carried out before the end of the useful life of such system; and

“(iii) is cost-effective as compared to alternatives that would meet the conformity requirement of paragraph (1).

“(3)

“(a)

“(1) maximize use of available road weather information and technologies;

“(2) expand road weather research and development efforts to enhance roadway safety, capacity, and efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts; and

“(3) promote technology transfer of effective road weather scientific and technological advances.

“(b)

“(c)

“(1) integrating existing observational networks and data management systems for road weather applications;

“(2) improving weather modeling capabilities and forecast tools, such as the road surface and atmospheric interface;

“(3) enhancing mechanisms for communicating road weather information to users, such as transportation officials and the public; and

“(4) integrating road weather technologies into an information infrastructure.

“(d)

“(1) enable efficient technology transfer;

“(2) improve education and training of road weather information users, such as State and local transportation officials and private sector transportation contractors; and

“(3) coordinate with transportation weather research programs in other modes, such as aviation.

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(a)

“(b)

“(c)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) $1,250,000 to establish the Center for Environmental Excellence.

“(B) $750,000 to establish the Center for Excellence in Surface Transportation Safety at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute.

“(C) $875,000 to establish the Center for Excellence in Rural Safety at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute, Minnesota.

“(D) $875,000 to establish the Center for Excellence in Project Finance.

“(3)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) the activities to be undertaken; and

“(B) how the work of the center is coordinated with the activities of the Federal Highway Administration and the various other research, development, and technology transfer activities authorized by this title [see Tables for classification]. Such plans shall be submitted to the Secretary by January 1, 2006, and each year thereafter.

“In this subtitle [subtitle C (§§5301–5310) of title V of Pub. L. 109–59, enacting this section and section 513 of this title], the following definitions apply:

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(4)

“(A) the functions associated with intelligent transportation system user services;

“(B) the physical entities or subsystems within which the functions reside;

“(C) the data interfaces and information flows between physical subsystems; and

“(D) the communications requirements associated with the information flows.

“(5)

“(6)

“(A) contains technical specifications or other precise criteria for intelligent transportation systems that are to be used consistently as rules, guidelines, or definitions of characteristics so as to ensure that materials, products, processes, and services are fit for their purposes; and

“(B) may support the national architecture and promote—

“(i) the widespread use and adoption of intelligent transportation system technology as a component of the surface transportation systems of the United States; and

“(ii) interoperability among intelligent transportation system technologies implemented throughout the States.

“(7)

“(8)

Pub. L. 109–59, title VI, §6010, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1877, provided that:

“(a)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(c)

(a) 1 subtitle C of title V of the SAFETEA–LU shall be used for intelligent transportation system outreach, public relations, displays, tours, and brochures.

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title V, §5302(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1805.)

Subtitle C of title V of the SAFETEA–LU, referred to in subsec. (a), is subtitle C (§§5301–5310) of title V of Pub. L. 109–59, Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1804–1813, which enacted this section and section 512 of this title and provisions set out as a note under section 512 of this title.


This chapter, consisting of sections 601 to 610 of this title, was previously set out as subchapter II, consisting of sections 181 to 190, of chapter 1 of this title.

(a)

(1)

(A) development phase activities, including planning, feasibility analysis, revenue forecasting, environmental review, permitting, preliminary engineering and design work, and other preconstruction activities;

(B) construction, reconstruction, rehabilitation, replacement, and acquisition of real property (including land related to the project and improvements to land), environmental mitigation, construction contingencies, and acquisition of equipment; and

(C) capitalized interest necessary to meet market requirements, reasonably required reserve funds, capital issuance expenses, and other carrying costs during construction.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A) a qualified retirement plan (as defined in section 4974(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that is a qualified institutional buyer; and

(B) a governmental plan (as defined in section 414(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986) that is a qualified institutional buyer.

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(A) any surface transportation project eligible for Federal assistance under this title or chapter 53 of title 49;

(B) a project for an international bridge or tunnel for which an international entity authorized under Federal or State law is responsible;

(C) a project for intercity passenger bus or rail facilities and vehicles, including facilities and vehicles owned by the National Railroad Passenger Corporation and components of magnetic levitation transportation systems; and

(D) a project that—

(i) is a project—

(I) for a public freight rail facility or a private facility providing public benefit for highway users;

(II) for an intermodal freight transfer facility;

(III) for a means of access to a facility described in subclause (I) or (II);

(IV) for a service improvement for a facility described in subclause (I) or (II) (including a capital investment for an intelligent transportation system); or

(V) that comprises a series of projects described in subclauses (I) through (IV) with the common objective of improving the flow of goods;

(ii) may involve the combining of private and public sector funds, including investment of public funds in private sector facility improvements; and

(iii) if located within the boundaries of a port terminal, includes only such surface transportation infrastructure modifications as are necessary to facilitate direct intermodal interchange, transfer, and access into and out of the port.

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(b)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, §181; renumbered §601 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(a), 1602(b)(1), (5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1239, 1246, 1247; Pub. L. 109–291, §4(b)(6), Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1338; Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(r), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1577.)

The Securities Act of 1933, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is act May 27, 1933, ch. 38, title I, 48 Stat. 74, as amended, which is classified generally to subchapter I (§77a et seq.) of chapter 2A of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 77a of Title 15 and Tables.

The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), is set out in Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Section 3(a) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, referred to in subsec. (a)(10), is classified to section 78c(a) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.

The Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990, referred to in subsec. (a)(13), is title V of Pub. L. 93–344, as added by Pub. L. 101–508, title XIII, §13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388–609, and amended, which is classified generally to subchapter III (§661 et seq.) of chapter 17A of Title 2, The Congress. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 621 of Title 2 and Tables.

**2008**—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–244 inserted “bbb minus, BBB (low),” after “Baa3,”.

**2006**—Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 109–291, which directed amendment of section 181(11) of this title by substituting “registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization, as that term is defined in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934” for “identified by the Securities and Exchange Commission as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization”, was executed to subsec. (a)(10) of this section by making the substitution for “identified by the Securities and Exchange Commission as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the amendment by Pub. L. 109–59. See 2005 Amendment notes below.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 181 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(1), (5), substituted “Generally applicable provisions” for “Definitions” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, substituted “In this chapter” for “In this subchapter” in introductory provisions, “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in par. (2), “604” for “184” in par. (5), “603” for “183” in par. (11), and added subsec. (b).

Par (3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(1), struck out “category” after “rating” and “offered into the capital markets” after “obligations”.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(2), redesignated par. (8) as (7) and struck out heading and text of former par. (7). Text read as follows: “The term ‘local servicer’ means—

“(A) a State infrastructure bank established under this title; or

“(B) a State or local government or any agency of a State or local government that is responsible for servicing a Federal credit instrument on behalf of the Secretary.”

Par. (8). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(2), (3), redesignated par. (9) as (8), substituted semicolon for period at end of subpar. (B), added subpar. (D), and struck out former subpar. (D) which read as follows: “a project for publicly owned intermodal surface freight transfer facilities, other than seaports and airports, if the facilities are located on or adjacent to National Highway System routes or connections to the National Highway System.” Former par. (8) redesignated (7).

Par. (9). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(2), redesignated par. (10) as (9). Former par. (9) redesignated (8).

Par. (10). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(2), (4), redesignated par. (11) as (10) and substituted “credit” for “bond”. Former par. (10) redesignated (9).

Pars. (11) to (15). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(a)(2), redesignated pars. (12) to (15) as (11) to (14), respectively. Former par. (11) redesignated (10).

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1502, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 241, provided that: “Congress finds that—

“(1) a well-developed system of transportation infrastructure is critical to the economic well-being, health, and welfare of the people of the United States;

“(2) traditional public funding techniques such as grant programs are unable to keep pace with the infrastructure investment needs of the United States because of budgetary constraints at the Federal, State, and local levels of government;

“(3) major transportation infrastructure facilities that address critical national needs, such as intermodal facilities, border crossings, and multistate trade corridors, are of a scale that exceeds the capacity of Federal and State assistance programs in effect on the date of enactment of this Act [June 9, 1998];

“(4) new investment capital can be attracted to infrastructure projects that are capable of generating their own revenue streams through user charges or other dedicated funding sources; and

“(5) a Federal credit program for projects of national significance can complement existing funding resources by filling market gaps, thereby leveraging substantial private co-investment.”

Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1511, June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 251, as amended by Pub. L. 107–117, div. B, §1108, Jan. 10, 2002, 115 Stat. 2332, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(A) to provide credit enhancements;

“(B) to serve as a capital reserve for bond or debt instrument financing;

“(C) to subsidize interest rates;

“(D) to ensure the issuance of letters of credit and credit instruments;

“(E) to finance purchase and lease agreements with respect to transit projects;

“(F) to provide bond or debt financing instrument security; and

“(G) to provide other forms of debt financing and methods of leveraging funds that are approved by the Secretary and that relate to the project with respect to which the assistance is being provided.

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(A)

“(B)

“(2)

“(c)

“(1)

“(A)(i) the total amount of funds apportioned to the State under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) and section 144 of title 23, United States Code, excluding funds set aside under paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 133(d) of such title; and

“(ii) the total amount of funds allocated to the State under section 105 of such title;

“(B) the total amount of funds made available to the State or other Federal transit grant recipient for capital projects (as defined in section 5302 of title 49, United States Code) under sections 5307, 5309, and 5311 of such title; and

“(C) the total amount of funds made available to the State under subtitle V of title 49, United States Code.

“(2)

“(3)

“(d)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(e)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(f)

“(1)

“(A) contribute, at a minimum, to the bank from non-Federal sources an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount of each capitalization grant made to the State and contributed to the bank under subsection (c), except that if the State has a higher Federal share payable under section 120(b) of title 23, United States Code, the State shall be required to contribute only an amount commensurate with the higher Federal share;

“(B) ensure that the bank maintains on a continuing basis an investment grade rating on its debt issuances and its ability to pay claims under credit enhancement programs of the bank;

“(C) ensure that investment income generated by funds contributed to the bank will be—

“(i) credited to the bank;

“(ii) available for use in providing loans and other assistance to projects eligible for assistance from the bank; and

“(iii) invested in United States Treasury securities, bank deposits, or such other financing instruments as the Secretary may approve to earn interest to enhance the leveraging of projects assisted by the bank;

“(D) ensure that any loan from the bank will bear interest at or below market rates, as determined by the State, to make the project that is the subject of the loan feasible;

“(E) ensure that repayment of the loan from the bank will commence not later than 5 years after the project has been completed or, in the case of a highway project, the facility has opened to traffic, whichever is later;

“(F) ensure that the term for repaying any loan will not exceed the lesser of—

“(i) 35 years after the date of the first payment on the loan under subparagraph (E); or

“(ii) the useful life of the investment; and

“(G) require the bank to make a biennial report to the Secretary and to make such other reports as the Secretary may require in guidelines.

“(2)

“(g)

“(h)

“(1) ensure that Federal disbursements shall be at an annual rate of not more than 20 percent of the amount designated by the State for State infrastructure bank capitalization under subsection (c)(1), except that the Secretary may disburse funds to a State in an amount needed to finance a specific project; and

“(2) revise cooperative agreements entered into with States under section 350 of the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–59 [set out below]) to comply with this section.

“(i)

“(1)

“(A) funds made available under such title and contributed to an infrastructure bank established under this section, including the non-Federal contribution required under subsection (f); and

“(B) projects assisted by the bank through the use of the funds;

except to the extent that the Secretary determines that any requirement of such title (other than sections 113 and 114 of title 23 and section 5333 of title 49), is not consistent with the objectives of this section.

“(2)

“(j)

“(1)

“(2)

“(k)

“(*l*)

“(1)

“(2)

Pub. L. 104–59, title III, §350, Nov. 28, 1995, 109 Stat. 618, provided that:

“(a)

“(1)

“(2)

“(b)

“(1)

“(2)

“(A) 10 percent of the funds apportioned to the State for each of fiscal years 1996 and 1997 under each of sections 104(b)(1), 104(b)(3), 104(b)(5)(B), 144, and 160 of title 23, United States Code, and section 1015 of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 [Pub. L. 102–240, 23 U.S.C. 104 note]; and

“(B) 10 percent of the funds allocated to the State for each of such fiscal years under each of section 157 of such title and section 1013(c) of such Act [formerly 23 U.S.C. 157 note];

into the highway account of the infrastructure bank established by the State. Federal funds contributed to such account under this paragraph shall constitute for purposes of this section a capitalization grant for the highway account of the infrastructure bank.

“(3)

“(4)

“(c)

“(d)

“(e)

“(1) contribute, at a minimum, in each account of the bank from non-Federal sources an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount of each capitalization grant made to the State and contributed to the bank; except that if the contribution is into the highway account of the bank and the State has a lower non-Federal share under section 120(b) of title 23, United States Code, such percentage shall be adjusted by the Secretary to correspond with such lower non-Federal share;

“(2) ensure that the bank maintains on a continuing basis an investment grade rating on its debt issuances or has a sufficient level of bond or debt financing instrument insurance to maintain the viability of the bank;

“(3) ensure that investment income generated by funds contributed to an account of the bank will be—

“(A) credited to the account;

“(B) available for use in providing loans and other assistance to projects eligible for assistance from the account; and

“(C) invested in United States Treasury securities, bank deposits, or such other financing instruments as the Secretary may approve to earn interest to enhance the leveraging of projects assisted by the bank;

“(4) provide that the repayment of a loan or other assistance from an account of the bank under this section shall be consistent with the repayment provisions of section 129(a)(7) of title 23, United States Code, except to the extent the Secretary determines that such provisions are not consistent with this section;

“(5) ensure that any loan from the bank will bear interest at or below market interest rates, as determined by the State, to make the project that is the subject of the loan feasible;

“(6) ensure that repayment of any loan from the bank will commence not later than 5 years after the project has been completed or, in the case of a highway project, the facility has opened to traffic, whichever is later;

“(7) ensure that the term for repaying any loan will not exceed 30 years after the date of the first payment on the loan under paragraph (6); and

“(8) require the bank to make an annual report to the Secretary on its status no later than September 30, 1996, and September 30, 1997, and to make such other reports as the Secretary may require by guidelines.

“(f)

“(g)

“(1) ensure that Federal disbursements shall be at a rate consistent with historic rates for the Federal-aid highway program and the Federal transit program, respectively;

“(2) issue guidelines to ensure that all requirements of title 23, United States Code, or title 49, United States Code, that would otherwise apply to funds made available under such title and projects assisted with such funds apply to—

“(A) funds made available under such title and contributed to an infrastructure bank established under this section; and

“(B) projects assisted by the bank through the use of such funds;

except to the extent that the Secretary determines that any requirement of such title is not consistent with the objectives of this section; and

“(3) specify procedures and guidelines for establishing, operating, and providing assistance from the bank.

“(h)

“(i)

“(j)

“(k)

“(1) an evaluation of the pilot program conducted under this section and the ability of such program to increase public investment and attract non-Federal capital; and

“(2) recommendations of the Secretary as to whether the program should be expanded or made a part of the Federal-aid highway and transit programs.

“(*l*)

“(1)

“(2)

“(3)

“(A) to provide credit enhancements;

“(B) to serve as a capital reserve for bond or debt instrument financing;

“(C) to subsidize interest rates;

“(D) to ensure the issuance of letters of credit and credit instruments;

“(E) to finance purchase and lease agreements with respect to transit projects;

“(F) to provide bond or debt financing instrument security; and

“(G) to provide other forms of debt financing and methods of leveraging funds that are approved by the Secretary and that relate to the project with respect to which such assistance is being provided.

“(4)

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(i) $50,000,000; or

(ii) 331/3 percent of the amount of Federal highway assistance funds apportioned for the most recently completed fiscal year to the State in which the project is located.

(B)

(4)

(5)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(A)

(i) The extent to which the project is nationally or regionally significant, in terms of generating economic benefits, supporting international commerce, or otherwise enhancing the national transportation system.

(ii) The creditworthiness of the project, including a determination by the Secretary that any financing for the project has appropriate security features, such as a rate covenant, to ensure repayment.

(iii) The extent to which assistance under this chapter would foster innovative public-private partnerships and attract private debt or equity investment.

(iv) The likelihood that assistance under this chapter would enable the project to proceed at an earlier date than the project would otherwise be able to proceed.

(v) The extent to which the project uses new technologies, including intelligent transportation systems, that enhance the efficiency of the project.

(vi) The amount of budget authority required to fund the Federal credit instrument made available under this chapter.

(vii) The extent to which the project helps maintain or protect the environment.

(viii) The extent to which assistance under this chapter and chapter 1 would reduce the contribution of Federal grant assistance to the project.

(B)

(c)

(1) Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).

(2) The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).

(3) The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 (42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq.).

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 243, §182; renumbered §602 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(b), (c), 1602(b)(2), (5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1240, 1247.)

The Civil Rights Act of 1964, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), is Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, as amended. Title VI of the Act is classified generally to subchapter V (§2000d et seq.) of chapter 21 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of Title 42 and Tables.

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, referred to in subsec. (c)(2), is Pub. L. 91–190, Jan. 1, 1970, 83 Stat. 852, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 55 (§4321 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4321 of Title 42 and Tables.

The Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, referred to in subsec. (c)(3), is act Jan. 2, 1971, Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894, as amended, and which is classified principally to chapter 61 (§4601 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4601 of Title 42 and Tables.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 182 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(1), added par. (1) and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The project—

“(A) shall be included in the State transportation plan required under section 135; and

“(B) at such time as an agreement to make available a Federal credit instrument is entered into under this subchapter, shall be included in the approved State transportation improvement program required under section 134.”

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(1), added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows: “A State, a local servicer identified under section 185(a), or the entity undertaking the project shall submit a project application to the Secretary.”

Subsec. (a)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(2), substituted “$50,000,000” for “$100,000,000”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(A)(ii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(3), substituted “331/3” for “50”.

Subsec. (a)(3)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(4), substituted “$15,000,000” for “$30,000,000”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(b)(5), substituted “The Federal credit instrument” for “Project financing” and inserted “that also secure the project obligations” before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(c)(1), substituted “eligibility requirements” for “eligibility criteria”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(iii), (iv), (vi). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(viii). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(2), inserted “and chapter 1” after “this chapter”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(c)(2), inserted “, which may be the Federal credit instrument,” after “obligations”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in introductory provisions.

(a)

(1)

(A) to finance eligible project costs of any project selected under section 602; or

(B) to refinance interim construction financing of eligible project costs of any project selected under section 602; or

(C) to refinance long-term project obligations or Federal credit instruments if such refinancing provides additional funding capacity for the completion, enhancement, or expansion of any project that—

(i) is selected under section 602; or

(ii) otherwise meets the requirements of section 602.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A) shall—

(i) be payable, in whole or in part, from tolls, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources that also secure the senior project obligations; and

(ii) include a rate covenant, coverage requirement, or similar security feature supporting the project obligations; and

(B) may have a lien on revenues described in subparagraph (A) subject to any lien securing project obligations.

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(A)

(B)

(i) continue to accrue interest in accordance with subsection (b)(4) until fully repaid; and

(ii) be scheduled to be amortized over the remaining term of the loan.

(C)

(i)

(ii)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(d)

(1)

(2)

(e)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 245, §183; renumbered §603 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(d), 1602(b)(3), (5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1240, 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 183 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(1), in subpars. (A) and (B) inserted “of any project selected under section 602” after “costs”, added subpar. (C), and struck out concluding provisions which read as follows: “of any project selected under section 182.”

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(3), substituted “602(b)(2)(B)” for “182(b)(2)(B)”.

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(2), substituted “The execution” for “The funding” and struck out before period at end “, except that—

“(A) the Secretary may fund an amount of the secured loan not to exceed the capital reserve subsidy amount determined under paragraph (3) prior to the obligations receiving an investment-grade rating; and

“(B) the Secretary may fund the remaining portion of the secured loan only after the obligations have received an investment-grade rating by at least 1 rating agency”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(3)(A), inserted “the lesser of” before “33 percent” and “or, if the secured loan does not receive an investment grade rating, the amount of the senior project obligations” before period at end.

Subsec. (b)(3)(A)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(3)(B), inserted “that also secure the senior project obligations” after “sources”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(3)(C), struck out “marketable” before “United States Treasury securities”.

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

Subsec. (c)(3) to (5). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(d)(4), redesignated pars. (4) and (5) as (3) and (4), respectively, in par. (3)(A), struck out “during the 10 years” after “at any time”, in par. (3)(B)(ii), substituted “loan” for “loan beginning not later than 10 years after the date of substantial completion of the project in accordance with paragraph (1)”, and struck out heading and text of former par. (3). Text read as follows: “The sources of funds for scheduled loan repayments under this section shall include tolls, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources.”

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(A) shall—

(i) be payable, in whole or in part, from tolls, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources that also secure the senior project obligations; and

(ii) include a rate covenant, coverage requirement, or similar security feature supporting the project obligations; and

(B) may have a lien on revenues described in subparagraph (A) subject to any lien securing project obligations.

(6)

(7)

(A)

(B)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 247, §184; renumbered §604 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(e), 1602(b)(4), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1241, 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 184 of this title as this section.

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(4)(A), substituted “602” for “182”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(4)(B), substituted “602(b)(2)(B)” for “182(b)(2)(B)”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(1)(A), added par. (2) and struck out heading and text of former par. (2). Text read as follows:

“(A)

“(B) 1-

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(1)(B), substituted “but not including reasonably required financing reserves” for “, any debt service reserve fund, and any other available reserve”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(1)(C), struck out “marketable” before “United States Treasury securities” and substituted “date of execution of the line of credit agreement” for “date on which the line of credit is obligated”.

Subsec. (b)(5)(A)(i). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(1)(D), inserted “that also secure the senior project obligations” after “sources”.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(1)(E), substituted “The full amount of the line of credit, to the extent not drawn upon,” for “The line of credit”.

Subsec. (b)(10). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(4)(C), substituted “603” for “183”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(2)(A), struck out “scheduled” before “repayments”, inserted “be scheduled to” after “shall”, and substituted “to conclude, with full repayment of principal and interest,” for “be fully repaid, with interest,”.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(e)(2)(B), struck out heading and text of par. (3). Text read as follows: “The sources of funds for scheduled loan repayments under this section shall include tolls, user fees, or other dedicated revenue sources.”

(a)

(b)

(1)

(A) the costs of services of expert firms retained pursuant to subsection (d); and

(B) all or a portion of the costs to the Federal Government of servicing the Federal credit instruments.

(c)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(d)

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 249, §185; renumbered §605 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(f), 1602(b)(5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1241, 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 185 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(f), amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to establishment by the Secretary of a uniform system to service the Federal credit instruments made available under this subchapter for provisions authorizing a State to identify a local servicer to assist the Secretary in servicing the Federal credit instrument made available under this subchapter.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

The provision of financial assistance under this chapter with respect to a project shall not—

(1) relieve any recipient of the assistance of any obligation to obtain any required State or local permit or approval with respect to the project;

(2) limit the right of any unit of State or local government to approve or regulate any rate of return on private equity invested in the project; or

(3) otherwise supersede any State or local law (including any regulation) applicable to the construction or operation of the project.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 249, §186; renumbered §606 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(b)(5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 186 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter” in introductory provisions.

The Secretary may issue such regulations as the Secretary determines appropriate to carry out this chapter.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 249, §187; renumbered §607 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(b)(5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 187 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(b)

(1)

(2)

(Added and amended Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), (c), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 249, §188; Pub. L. 105–206, title IX, §9007(a), July 22, 1998, 112 Stat. 849; Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(10), Sept. 30, 2003, 117 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(10), Feb. 29, 2004, 118 Stat. 481; Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(10), Apr. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(10), June 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(10), July 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 879; Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(10), Sept. 30, 2004, 118 Stat. 1149; Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(10), May 31, 2005, 119 Stat. 327; Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(10), July 1, 2005, 119 Stat. 348; Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(10), July 20, 2005, 119 Stat. 381; Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(10), July 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 396; Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(10), July 28, 2005, 119 Stat. 413; renumbered §608 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(g), 1602(b)(5), (d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1242, 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 188 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(g), reenacted section catchline without change and amended text generally, substituting provisions relating to funding for fiscal years 2005 through 2009 and contract authority, consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b), for provisions relating to funding for fiscal years 1999 through 2004 and for the period of Oct. 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005, contract authority, and limitations on credit amounts, consisting of subsecs. (a) to (c).

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “$106,849,340 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005.”

Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “$105,300,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005.”

Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “$104,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005.”

Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “$97,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005.”

Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G) and struck out former subpar. (G) which read as follows: “$86,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005.”

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,660,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005” for “$1,643,836 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,643,836 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” for “$1,620,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,620,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” for “$1,600,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,600,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” for “$1,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”.

Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” for “$1,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”.

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “administration of this chapter” for “administration of this subchapter”.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(b)(5), substituted “this chapter” for “this subchapter”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–40, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,158,000,000” for “$2,136,986,800” in item relating to fiscal year 2005 in table.

Pub. L. 109–37, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,136,986,800” for “$2,106,000,000” in item relating to fiscal year 2005 in table.

Pub. L. 109–35, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,106,000,000” for “$2,080,000,000” in item relating to fiscal year 2005 in table.

Pub. L. 109–20, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,080,000,000” for “$1,950,000,000” in item relating to fiscal year 2005 in table.

Pub. L. 109–14, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$1,950,000,000” for “$1,733,333,333” in item relating to fiscal year 2005 in table.

**2004**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$116,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004.”

Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$105,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004.”

Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$81,666,666 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004.”

Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (F) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$58,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004.”

Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (G).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(10)(B), inserted “and $1,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” before period at end.

Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(10)(B), struck out “2003 and $1,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31,” before “2004.”

Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,666,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” for “$1,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” for “$1,166,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”.

Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(10)(B), substituted “$1,166,667 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” for “$833,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–310, §5(a)(10)(C), substituted “2005” for “2004” in introductory provisions and inserted item in table relating to fiscal year 2005.

Pub. L. 108–280, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,600,000,000” for “$2,166,666,667” in item relating to fiscal year 2004 in table.

Pub. L. 108–263, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$2,166,666,667” for “$1,950,000,000” in item relating to fiscal year 2004 in table.

Pub. L. 108–224, §4(a)(10)(C), substituted “$1,950,000,000” for “$1,516,666,667” in item relating to fiscal year 2004 in table.

Pub. L. 108–202, §5(a)(10)(C), substituted “$1,516,666,667” for “$1,083,333,333” in item relating to fiscal year 2004 in table.

**2003**—Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(10)(A), added subpar. (F).

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(10)(B), inserted “and $833,333 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004” after “2003”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–88, §5(a)(10)(C), substituted “2004” for “2003” and inserted item in table relating to fiscal year 2004.

**1998**—Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 105–178, §1503(c)(1), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9007(a), substituted “1999” for “1998”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 105–178, §1503(c)(2), as added by Pub. L. 105–206, §9007(a), substituted “1999” for “1998” in introductory provisions, and substituted table for former table which read as follows:

“Fiscal year: | Maximum amount of credit: |
---|---|

1998 | $1,200,000,000 |

1999 | $1,200,000,000 |

2000 | $1,800,000,000 |

2001 | $1,800,000,000 |

2002 | $2,300,000,000 |

2003 | $2,300,000,000.” |


Title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 effective simultaneously with enactment of Pub. L. 105–178 and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 105–178 at time of enactment, and provisions of Pub. L. 105–178, as in effect on day before July 22, 1998, that are amended by title IX of Pub. L. 105–206 to be treated as not enacted, see section 9016 of Pub. L. 105–206, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

On June 1, 2006, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to Congress a report summarizing the financial performance of the projects that are receiving, or have received, assistance under this chapter (other than section 610), including a recommendation as to whether the objectives of this chapter (other than section 610) are best served—

(1) by continuing the program under the authority of the Secretary;

(2) by establishing a Government corporation or Government-sponsored enterprise to administer the program; or

(3) by phasing out the program and relying on the capital markets to fund the types of infrastructure investments assisted by this chapter (other than section 610) without Federal participation.

(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, §1503(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 250, §189; renumbered §609 and amended Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §§1601(h), 1602(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1242, 1247.)

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d), renumbered section 189 of this title as this section.

Pub. L. 109–59, §1601(h), substituted “Reports” for “Report” in section catchline, “On June 1, 2006, and every 2 years thereafter,” for “Not later than 4 years after the date of enactment of this subchapter,” in introductory provisions, and “chapter (other than section 610)” for “subchapter” wherever appearing.

(a)

(1)

(2)

(A) to provide credit enhancements;

(B) to serve as a capital reserve for bond or debt instrument financing;

(C) to subsidize interest rates;

(D) to insure or guarantee letters of credit and credit instruments against credit risk of loss;

(E) to finance purchase and lease agreements with respect to transit projects;

(F) to provide bond or debt financing instrument security; and

(G) to provide other forms of debt financing and methods of leveraging funds that are approved by the Secretary and that relate to the project with respect to which such assistance is being provided.

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(b)

(c)

(1)

(2)

(d)

(1)

(A) 10 percent of the funds apportioned to the State for each of fiscal years 2005 through 2009 under each of sections 104(b)(1), 104(b)(3), 104(b)(4), and 144; and

(B) 10 percent of the funds allocated to the State for each of such fiscal years under section 105.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(A)

(B)

(C)

(5)

(6)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(1) deposit in cash, at a minimum, into each account of the bank from non-Federal sources an amount equal to 25 percent of the amount of each capitalization grant made to the State and deposited into such account; except that, if the deposit is into the highway account of the bank and the State has a non-Federal share under section 120(b) that is less than 25 percent, the percentage to be deposited from non-Federal sources shall be the lower percentage of such grant;

(2) ensure that the bank maintains on a continuing basis an investment grade rating on its debt, or has a sufficient level of bond or debt financing instrument insurance, to maintain the viability of the bank;

(3) ensure that investment income derived from funds deposited to an account of the bank are—

(A) credited to the account;

(B) available for use in providing loans and other forms of credit assistance to projects eligible for assistance from the account; and

(C) invested in United States Treasury securities, bank deposits, or such other financing instruments as the Secretary may approve to earn interest to enhance the leveraging of projects assisted by the bank;

(4) ensure that any loan from the bank will bear interest at or below market interest rates, as determined by the State, to make the project that is the subject of the loan feasible;

(5) ensure that repayment of any loan from the bank will commence not later than 5 years after the project has been completed or, in the case of a highway project, the facility has opened to traffic, whichever is later;

(6) ensure that the term for repaying any loan will not exceed 30 years after the date of the first payment on the loan; and

(7) require the bank to make an annual report to the Secretary on its status no later than September 30 of each year and such other reports as the Secretary may require under guidelines issued to carry out this section.

(h)

(1)

(A) funds made available under this title or such title and contributed to an infrastructure bank established under this section, including the non-Federal contribution required under subsection (g); and

(B) projects assisted by the bank through the use of the funds,

except to the extent that the Secretary determines that any requirement of such title (other than sections 113 and 114 of this title and section 5333 of title 49) is not consistent with the objectives of this section.

(2)

(i)

(j)

(k)

(Added Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(a), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1243, §190; renumbered §610, Pub. L. 109–59, title I, §1602(d), Aug. 10, 2005, 119 Stat. 1247, as amended Pub. L. 110–244, title I, §101(f), June 6, 2008, 122 Stat. 1574.)

**2008**—Pub. L. 110–244 amended Pub. L. 109–59, §1602(d). See 2005 Amendment note below.

**2005**—Pub. L. 109–59, as amended by Pub. L. 110–244, renumbered section 190 of this title as this section.

Amendment by Pub. L. 110–244 effective as of the date of enactment of Pub. L. 109–59 (Aug. 10, 2005) and to be treated as included in Pub. L. 109–59 as of that date, and provisions of Pub. L. 109–59, as in effect on the day before June 6, 2008, that are amended by Pub. L. 110–244 to be treated as not enacted, see section 121(b) of Pub. L. 110–244, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.